31:
3696:
906:, the U18 and U16 World Youth Champions as well Continental Championship medalists and U18 Continental and Regional Champions of the women's section are directly awarded the title. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as she can cross the minimum rating of 2000. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook.
924:
Championships of the women's section as well as by scoring more than 50% points in more than 7 games in the
Olympiad. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as a candidate can cross the minimum rating of 1800, however this requirement does not apply for direct WCM titles earned through the Olympiad.
914:
Introduced with FM in 1978, the WFM title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2100 or more. The U14 and U12 World Youth
Champions as well as U16 and U18 medalists of the women's section are directly awarded the title. The U12, U14, U16 Continental and Regional Champions of the women's section
923:
Introduced with CM in 2002, Woman
Candidate Master is the lowest-ranking title awarded by FIDE. This title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2000 or more. The title can also be acquired by getting a medal in U8, U10, U12, U14, U16 World Youth Championships or Continental and Regional Youth
864:
Though the open FIDE titles are not gender-segregated, the following four titles given by FIDE are exclusive to women and may be held simultaneously with an open title. The requirements for these titles are about 200 Elo rating points lower than the requirements for the similarly named open titles.
592:
of 2400 or more. In general, an IM norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2450 over 9 or more games. In addition, the field must have an average rating of at least 2230, must include at least three
International Masters or Grandmasters, and must include players from a mix of national
475:
of 2500 or more. The precise definition of a GM norm is complex and has frequently been amended, but in general a grandmaster norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2600 over 9 or more rounds. In addition, the field must have an average rating of at least 2380, must include at least
443:
The titles of
Grandmaster, International Master, FIDE Master and Candidate Master are available to all over-the-board chess players. The requirements for each title have varied over time, but generally require having demonstrated a prescribed level of achievement in tournaments at classical time
889:
and some other tournaments like Women's
Continental Championship is automatically awarded the WGM title. From 2017, the direct titles are only awarded as long as she can reach the minimum FIDE rating of 2100. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook.
685:
of the United States attained both titles solely by virtue of qualifying for the 1958 Interzonal (IM title) and 1959 Candidates
Tournament (GM title), only incidentally becoming IM before GM. The more usual path is first to become an IM, then move on to the GM level.
107:
The term "master" for a strong chess player was initially used informally. From the late 19th century and onwards, various national chess federations began to draw up formal requirements for the use of such a title. The term "Grandmaster", in the form of a
1494:
For a direct title to be awarded immediately an applicant has to have achieved at some time a minimum rating published or interim (see 1.5.3a), as follows: ..... This requirement does not apply to direct CM/WCM titles earned at the Open and Women's Chess
1437:
In March, the 2013-born
Argentinian became the youngest player to ever break 2200 at nine years and three months. Now three months later, he has broken the 2300 barrier as well, smashing the former record held by Uzbek GM Javokhir Sindarov by over seven
757:
Introduced in 2002 along with WCM, the usual way for a player to qualify for the
Candidate Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2200 or more. For players rated over 2000 but under 2200, there are many other ways to gain the title; they include:
705:
The usual way for a player to qualify for the FIDE Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2300 or more. There are also many ways the title can be gained by players with a rating of at least 2100 but less than 2300; they include:
901:
The usual way to obtain the WIM title is similar to the open titles, where a FIDE rating of 2200 and three norms of 2250 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2030 on average. The runners-up in the
308:(WGM) in 1976. In 1978 the subordinate titles of FIDE Master (FM) and Woman FIDE master (WFM) were introduced, followed in 2002 by the titles of Candidate Master (CM) and Woman Candidate Master (WCM). Similar titles are awarded by the
76:. Open titles may be earned by all players, while women's titles are restricted to female players. Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles. FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, organizers and trainers. Titles for
884:
The usual way to obtain the WGM title is similar to the open titles, where a FIDE rating of 2300 and three norms of 2400 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2130 on average. The winner of the
915:
are also directly awarded the title. The title can also be acquired by scoring more than 65% points in more than 9 games in the
Olympiad. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as a minimum rating of 1900 is achieved.
701:
Introduced in 1978 along with WFM, FM ranks below the title of International Master but ahead of Candidate Master. Unlike the Grandmaster and International Master titles, there is no requirement for a player to achieve norms.
116:, was a formal title in the Soviet Union, and had also been in informal use for the world's elite players for several decades before its institution by FIDE in 1950. FIDE's first titles were awarded in 1950 and consisted of 27
1047:
Arena titles can be earned online using FIDE's server, and are intended for players in the lower rating band. Should a player with an arena title gain an over the board FIDE title, this title replaces their arena title.
462:, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. In chess literature it is usually abbreviated to GM. The abbreviation IGM for "International Grandmaster" is occasionally seen, usually in older literature.
788:
Prior to 2018, there was no minimum rating requirement, and coming in the top three of an U8 continental tournament was acceptable. As a result, there are a number of CMs with far lower ratings than 2000.
596:
There are also several ways the IM title can be awarded directly without going through the usual norm process, provided the player has a rating of at least 2200. From July 2017, these are as follows:
881:
Woman Grandmaster is the highest-ranking chess title restricted to women. FIDE introduced the WGM title in 1976, joining the previously introduced lower-ranking title, Woman International Master.
898:
Woman International Master is next to the highest-ranking title given by FIDE exclusively to women. FIDE first awarded the WIM title (formerly called International Woman Master, or IWM) in 1950.
785:
In case a player achieves the CM title through the Olympiad performance, the minimum required rating of 2000 does not apply, after the title regulations update effective from January 1st, 2024.
657:
After becoming an IM, most professional players set their next goal to becoming a Grandmaster. It is also possible to become a Grandmaster without ever having been an International Master.
479:
The title may also be awarded directly without going through the usual norm requirements in a few high-level tournaments, provided the player has a FIDE rating of over 2300. These include:
1097:
The trainer titles (in descending order of expertise) are FIDE Senior Trainer (FST), FIDE Trainer (FT), FIDE Instructor (FI), National Instructor (NI), and Developmental Instructor (DI).
1479:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 January 2024 / FIDE Handbook"
1669:
1311:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / Table for Direct Titles effective from 1 July 2017 / FIDE Handbook"
1054:(AGM) is the highest online title. It is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 2000.
539:
in 1978, a number of women have earned the GM title. Since about 2000, most of the top 10 women have held the GM title. This should not be confused with the
581:
players who are below the level of grandmaster. Instituted along with the Grandmaster title in 1950, it is usually abbreviated as IM in chess literature.
2242:
865:
These titles are sometimes criticized by both male and female players, and some female players elect not to take them. For example, Grandmaster
1287:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017"
903:
886:
1603:"B. Permanent Commissions / 03. Regulations on Registration & Licensing of Players / Transgender Registration Regulations / FIDE Handbook"
1848:
1818:
309:
1878:
3476:
1566:
1124:
1602:
1213:
742:
from Philippines who was awarded the title after winning the 14th ASEAN Age Group Chess Championships 2013 in Thailand at age seven.
3028:
72:(performance benchmarks in competitions including other titled players). Once awarded, titles are held for life except in cases of
3491:
3451:
749:
from Argentina who, when he was nine, hit 2314 Elo rating after participating in the ITT Ajedrez Martelli Jovenes Talentos 2023.
300:
The titles were awarded by a vote of the FIDE Congress before the requirements became more formalized. In 1957, FIDE introduced
3471:
520:
313:
3466:
1720:
1459:
1170:
1072:(ACM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1100.
1066:(AFM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1400.
1060:(AIM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1700.
3018:
1348:
3736:
3411:
3274:
3259:
3023:
1507:
1334:
869:, in keeping with her policy of playing only open competitions, never took a women's title. FIDE strips trans men of any
607:
496:
1420:
280:
3549:
3014:
3009:
2337:
1762:"B. Permanent Commissions / 11. FIDE Online Arena Regulations / FIDE Titles for the Lower Rating Band / FIDE Handbook"
3486:
3386:
3279:
3244:
1680:
1650:
1197:
550:
became the youngest person ever to qualify for the Grandmaster title in July 2021. The record was previously held by
17:
3456:
3446:
3364:
3249:
1999:
1994:
3441:
3431:
1947:
619:
613:
516:
509:
502:
3436:
3426:
3421:
2084:
2046:
772:
763:
717:
711:
641:
Winning (outright or shared) a Continental over 50 championship, over 65 championship, or under 20 championship
632:
626:
3571:
3481:
3416:
2992:
2754:
2305:
1640:
1156:
540:
2830:
2310:
3585:
3534:
3239:
3658:
3636:
3544:
3529:
3188:
3140:
3135:
3125:
2793:
2471:
2315:
528:
490:
570:"International Master" redirects here. For the snooker tournament formerly known under this name, see
3590:
3524:
3374:
3269:
3264:
3113:
1376:
3566:
3539:
3381:
3098:
2491:
2486:
2443:
2342:
1761:
1119:
524:
459:
2177:
1856:
1826:
3675:
3200:
2865:
1584:
1162:
662:
584:
Like the grandmaster title, the usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three required title
2211:
3731:
3254:
3183:
2481:
2327:
2232:
2077:
2009:
722:
Finishing second or third in a Continental over 50, over 65, under 20, or under 18 championship
571:
1886:
3726:
3391:
3314:
3195:
2895:
2890:
2577:
2300:
2259:
2041:
1091:
465:
The usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three Grandmaster-level performances (called
1710:
3103:
3040:
2999:
2960:
2742:
2732:
2662:
2476:
2407:
2332:
2217:
2016:
1632:
1610:
1217:
1148:
304:(qualifying standards) for FIDE titles. FIDE introduced a higher women only title, that of
77:
262:
8:
3556:
3336:
3083:
2970:
2940:
2910:
2882:
2855:
2798:
2699:
2667:
2627:
2582:
2295:
2237:
2112:
2060:
2055:
1982:
1940:
536:
453:
286:
96:
61:
38:
3093:
1915:
1310:
734:
Finishing second or third in a Commonwealth, Francophone, or Ibero-American championship
274:
3663:
3561:
3304:
3108:
2749:
2637:
2600:
2249:
2117:
1286:
768:
Finishing second or third in a Continental under 12, under 14, or under 16 championship
658:
244:
3646:
3519:
3331:
3289:
3215:
3167:
3150:
3130:
2982:
2920:
2860:
2835:
2682:
2647:
2642:
2622:
2610:
2453:
2421:
2387:
2367:
2204:
2198:
2159:
2026:
1793:
1716:
1646:
1455:
1193:
1166:
1076:
226:
214:
154:
142:
92:
73:
65:
1129:
190:
3641:
3514:
3356:
3299:
3205:
3155:
3004:
2950:
2945:
2935:
2850:
2771:
2761:
2737:
2704:
2276:
2190:
1964:
1552:
678:
547:
458:
The title Grandmaster is awarded to outstanding chess players by FIDE. Apart from
256:
250:
220:
148:
693:
of Argentina became the youngest-ever person to qualify for the IM title in 2024.
166:
3606:
3580:
3401:
3396:
3346:
3284:
3088:
3063:
3048:
2845:
2803:
2786:
2687:
2605:
2567:
2545:
2530:
2461:
2438:
2397:
2392:
2271:
2254:
2094:
551:
476:
three grandmasters, and must include players from a mix of national federations.
208:
160:
136:
2870:
2781:
866:
555:
202:
3705:
3621:
3369:
3210:
3073:
3068:
2905:
2900:
2766:
2724:
2694:
2523:
2466:
2354:
2322:
2288:
2281:
2266:
2227:
2222:
2149:
2144:
1989:
1933:
778:
745:
The youngest player to gain the FM title by achieving an Elo rating of 2300 is
739:
726:
601:
484:
268:
238:
232:
34:
30:
3741:
3720:
3680:
3670:
3653:
3326:
3309:
3231:
3120:
3078:
3058:
2840:
2822:
2813:
2776:
2709:
2632:
2617:
2572:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2372:
2134:
2072:
1636:
1383:
1372:
1152:
682:
559:
317:
81:
1478:
1398:
320:. These bodies work in cooperation with FIDE but are now independent of it.
3700:
3626:
3611:
3341:
3162:
3145:
3053:
2987:
2930:
2925:
2657:
2652:
2592:
2535:
2426:
2382:
2154:
2139:
2129:
2065:
2031:
2004:
1972:
1109:
746:
690:
585:
467:
301:
292:
69:
1736:
1531:
1335:"BREAKING: Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History"
84:
composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE.
2975:
2965:
2714:
2677:
2560:
2171:
2166:
2124:
1977:
674:
178:
3616:
2672:
2508:
2498:
2431:
2415:
2107:
1454:. Jefferson, North Carolina: Mcfarland and Company Holders. p. 1.
670:
666:
589:
472:
196:
184:
2178:
3631:
2955:
2915:
2518:
2513:
2402:
2377:
2102:
1352:
1185:
88:
3509:
3319:
2362:
172:
731:
Winning a Continental under 12, under 14, or under 16 championship
650:
Winning a Commonwealth, Francophone or Ibero-American championship
2036:
87:
A chess title, usually in an abbreviated form, may be used as an
1087:
FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, trainers, and organizers.
681:
of Russia all became Grandmasters without ever having been IMs.
2503:
1349:"Faustino Oro Becomes Youngest Ever International Master At 10"
109:
1879:"09. Regulations on Seminars & Title Award for Organizers"
1553:"Polgar, Judit FIDE Chess Profile - Players Arbiters Trainers"
1231:
1956:
578:
49:
2021:
1252:
1114:
1100:
The organizer title is FIDE International Organizer (FIO).
53:
1920:
1524:
653:
Winning a World Championship for People with Disabilities
60:) for outstanding performance. The highest such title is
3695:
1925:
1910:
1421:"9-Year-Old Makes History As Youngest 2300 Player Ever"
638:
Finishing second or third in a Continental championship
1645:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 450.
1473:
1471:
1082:
1585:"Oh Great, Now I Can't Play Chess Because I'm Trans"
644:
Winning a Continental under 18 championship outright
577:
The title International Master is awarded to strong
893:
1468:
738:The youngest player to be awarded the FM title is
1664:
1662:
1399:"7-Year-old Filipino Chess Player Has Big Dreams"
873:they might have earned while competing as women.
3718:
1567:"Trans women banned from top level female chess"
777:Scoring 50% or more over at least 7 games at an
725:Scoring 65% or more over at least 9 games at an
64:(GM). Titles generally require a combination of
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1190:The Rating of Chess Players, Past & Present
918:
562:at 15 years, 6 months and 1 day for 33 years.
125:
1708:
1659:
1305:
1303:
1205:
1941:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1413:
310:International Correspondence Chess Federation
128:, known at the time simply as Woman Masters.
1849:"07. Regulations for the Titles of Trainers"
1819:"06. Regulations for the Titles of Arbiters"
1396:
1266:
1079:, the official FIDE online gaming platform.
673:of Russia (2021) and former world champions
565:
1712:Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016
1631:
1300:
1147:
622:, in both the over 50 and over 65 divisions
512:outright, both in the 50+ and 65+ divisions
1948:
1934:
1697:
1245:
1125:List of grandmasters for chess composition
909:
876:
1911:World Chess Federation FIDE official site
1508:"Why are there so few candidate masters?"
762:Finishing first, second, or third in the
444:controls under FIDE-approved conditions.
121:
1390:
752:
29:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
870:
27:Title for chess players awarded by FIDE
14:
3719:
1449:
773:World Youth Championship (U14 and U12)
718:World Youth Championship (U18 and U16)
712:World Youth Championship (U14 and U12)
647:Winning a sub-Continental championship
314:World Federation for Chess Composition
305:
1929:
1766:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
1607:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
1483:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
1315:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
764:World Youth Championship (U8 and U10)
1779:
1141:
689:At 10 years, 8 months, and 16 days,
554:at 12 years, 7 months for 19 years,
58:Fédération Internationale des Échecs
1184:
1083:Arbiters, trainers, and organizers
696:
546:At 12 years, 4 months and 25 days,
447:
24:
1709:Gino Di Felice (16 January 2018).
1178:
25:
3753:
1904:
1452:Chess International Title Holders
894:Woman International Master (WIM)
792:
771:Finishing second or third in the
716:Finishing second or third in the
625:Winning (outright or shared) the
618:Finishing second or third in the
612:Finishing second or third in the
48:are awarded by the international
3694:
3365:List of strong chess tournaments
1211:
1075:Arena titles can be achieved on
973:Arena International Master (AIM)
824:Woman International Master (WIM)
131:FIDE's first grandmasters were:
117:
2338:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1871:
1841:
1811:
1754:
1729:
1625:
1595:
1577:
1559:
1545:
1500:
1443:
1366:
927:
904:World Girls Junior Championship
887:World Girls Junior Championship
614:World Junior Championship (U20)
503:World Junior Championship (U20)
316:for both composing and solving
1341:
1327:
1224:
931:
796:
633:World Youth Championship (U16)
627:World Youth Championship (U18)
558:at 15 years and 4 months, and
327:
323:
13:
1:
3463:Computer chess championships
1642:The Oxford Companion to Chess
1397:Larano, Cris (July 3, 2013).
1158:The Oxford Companion to Chess
1135:
935:Arena titles, September 2024
919:Woman Candidate Master (WCM)
800:Women's titles, October 2023
661:of the United States (1977),
483:Reaching the final 16 in the
1794:"FIDE Online Arena - Titles"
1670:"2019 FIDE Arbiters' Manual"
1094:(IA) and FIDE Arbiter (FA).
1009:Arena Candidate Master (ACM)
844:Woman Candidate Master (WCM)
588:over 27 or more games and a
515:Winning a Continental (e.g.
7:
3240:Bishop and knight checkmate
1737:"FIDE Download Rating List"
1532:"FIDE Download Rating list"
1103:
126:Woman International Masters
10:
3758:
3737:Awards established in 1950
3408:Other world championships
1715:. McFarland. pp. 1–.
1058:Arena International Master
608:Women's World Championship
569:
566:International Master (IM)
497:Women's World Championship
451:
331:Open titles, October 2023
102:
3689:
3599:
3502:
3355:
3250:Opposite-coloured bishops
3230:
3176:
3039:
2881:
2821:
2812:
2723:
2591:
2452:
2353:
2189:
2093:
1963:
1955:
1401:. The Wall Street Journal
1337:. Chess.com. 4 July 2021.
934:
799:
620:World Senior Championship
510:World Senior Championship
369:International Master (IM)
330:
3382:World Chess Championship
2343:World Chess Hall of Fame
1192:, Arco, pp. 65–66,
1120:World Chess Championship
910:Woman FIDE Master (WFM)
877:Woman Grandmaster (WGM)
677:of the Soviet Union and
606:Finishing second in the
3676:Simultaneous exhibition
3586:Chess newspaper columns
3275:Rook and bishop vs rook
3260:Queen and pawn vs queen
1163:Oxford University Press
1090:The arbiter titles are
991:Arena FIDE Master (AFM)
955:Arena Grandmaster (AGM)
834:Woman FIDE Master (WFM)
814:Woman Grandmaster (WGM)
781:or other special events
491:Women's Chess World Cup
3126:Richter–Veresov Attack
3114:Queen's Indian Defence
1130:Chess problem § Titles
1070:Arena Candidate Master
753:Candidate Master (CM)
572:British Open (snooker)
42:
3392:Candidates Tournament
3280:Rook and pawn vs rook
3245:King and pawn vs king
3196:List of chess gambits
3099:King's Indian Defence
2777:Isolated Queen's Pawn
2301:List of chess players
2243:Top player comparison
2042:Internet chess server
1450:Felice, Gino (2017).
1092:International Arbiter
405:Candidate Master (CM)
122:International Masters
33:
3104:Nimzo-Indian Defence
3000:Scandinavian Defense
2961:Semi-Italian Opening
2866:King's Indian Attack
2755:first-move advantage
2408:Threefold repetition
2333:Bobby Fischer Center
2218:Charlemagne chessmen
2212:Göttingen manuscript
2176:
2017:Correspondence chess
1512:Chess Stack Exchange
669:of the Netherlands,
99:Viswanathan Anand".
78:correspondence chess
3337:Two knights endgame
3084:Bogo-Indian Defence
2971:Two Knights Defense
2911:Nimzowitsch Defence
2601:Artificial castling
2238:Soviet chess school
2113:Dubrovnik chess set
1829:on 27 February 2019
600:Qualifying for the
537:Nona Gaprindashvili
454:Grandmaster (chess)
287:Savielly Tartakower
3567:endgame literature
3109:Old Indian Defense
3019:Accelerated Dragon
2891:Alekhine's Defence
2623:Checkmate patterns
2492:symbols in Unicode
2487:annotation symbols
2250:Geography of chess
2118:Staunton chess set
1889:on 26 January 2019
1859:on 30 January 2019
1613:on 22 January 2024
1253:"FIDE Rating list"
659:Larry Christiansen
245:Viacheslav Ragozin
95:may be styled as "
43:
3714:
3713:
3591:Chess periodicals
3520:Chess in the arts
3452:Chess composition
3290:Philidor position
3226:
3225:
3168:Trompowsky Attack
3151:Semi-Slav Defence
3041:Queen's Pawn Game
2921:Four Knights Game
2896:Caro–Kann Defence
2861:Zukertort Opening
2648:Discovered attack
2368:Cheating in chess
2205:Versus de scachis
1921:FIDE Online Arena
1722:978-1-4766-3361-9
1677:arbiters.fide.com
1461:978-1-4766-7132-1
1387:, 27 January 1979
1172:978-0-19-280049-7
1077:FIDE Online Arena
1064:Arena FIDE Master
1052:Arena Grandmaster
1045:
1044:
862:
861:
697:FIDE Master (FM)
541:Woman Grandmaster
448:Grandmaster (GM)
441:
440:
306:Woman Grandmaster
263:Friedrich Sämisch
215:Grigory Levenfish
155:Mikhail Botvinnik
143:Isaac Boleslavsky
93:Viswanathan Anand
74:fraud or cheating
18:Woman Grandmaster
16:(Redirected from
3749:
3701:Chess portal
3699:
3698:
3642:Leela Chess Zero
3573:Oxford Companion
3525:early literature
3515:Chess aesthetics
3255:Pawnless endgame
3206:Bongcloud Attack
3184:List of openings
3156:Chigorin Defense
3094:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
3005:Sicilian Defence
2951:Ponziani Opening
2946:Philidor Defence
2941:Petrov's Defence
2883:King's Pawn Game
2856:Larsen's Opening
2819:
2818:
2180:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1885:. Archived from
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1855:. Archived from
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1825:. Archived from
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1798:arena.myfide.net
1790:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:arena.myfide.net
1733:
1727:
1726:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1679:. Archived from
1674:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1609:. Archived from
1599:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
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1528:
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1504:
1498:
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1475:
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1440:
1434:
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1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1283:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1216:. Archived from
1209:
1203:
1202:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1145:
932:
797:
679:Vladimir Kramnik
548:Abhimanyu Mishra
471:), along with a
387:FIDE Master (FM)
351:Grandmaster (GM)
328:
275:Gideon StĂĄhlberg
257:Akiba Rubinstein
251:Samuel Reshevsky
221:Andor Lilienthal
169:(Czechoslovakia)
149:Igor Bondarevsky
21:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3693:
3685:
3595:
3581:Chess libraries
3498:
3402:FIDE Grand Prix
3397:Chess World Cup
3351:
3347:Wrong rook pawn
3285:Lucena position
3222:
3172:
3089:Catalan Opening
3064:English Defence
3049:Budapest Gambit
3035:
2993:Austrian Attack
2877:
2846:English Opening
2808:
2804:School of chess
2787:Minority attack
2719:
2688:Queen sacrifice
2587:
2448:
2444:White and Black
2439:Touch-move rule
2398:Perpetual check
2393:Fifty-move rule
2349:
2185:
2182:
2089:
1959:
1954:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1267:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1232:"Titles - WFCC"
1230:
1229:
1225:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1165:, p. 156,
1146:
1142:
1138:
1106:
1085:
930:
921:
912:
896:
879:
795:
755:
699:
575:
568:
552:Sergey Karjakin
535:Beginning with
456:
450:
326:
298:
209:Alexander Kotov
161:David Bronstein
137:Ossip Bernstein
105:
91:. For example,
52:governing body
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3755:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3624:
3622:Chess composer
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3477:North American
3474:
3469:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3370:Chess Olympiad
3367:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3216:Scholar's mate
3213:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3131:Queen's Gambit
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3074:Benoni Defence
3069:Indian Defence
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3012:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2983:Owen's Defence
2980:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2908:
2906:Modern Defence
2903:
2901:French Defence
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Bird's Opening
2833:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2767:Pawn structure
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2611:Alekhine's gun
2603:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2524:Half-open file
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2467:Chess notation
2464:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2422:Pawn promotion
2419:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2325:
2323:Women in chess
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Hypermodernism
2230:
2228:Romantic chess
2225:
2223:Lewis chessmen
2220:
2215:
2208:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2061:world rankings
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1990:Computer chess
1987:
1986:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1905:External links
1903:
1901:
1900:
1870:
1840:
1810:
1778:
1753:
1728:
1721:
1696:
1658:
1651:
1637:Whyld, Kenneth
1624:
1594:
1576:
1558:
1544:
1523:
1499:
1467:
1460:
1442:
1427:. June 8, 2023
1412:
1389:
1365:
1355:. 30 June 2024
1340:
1326:
1299:
1265:
1244:
1223:
1220:on 2009-10-28.
1214:"FIDE History"
1204:
1198:
1177:
1171:
1161:(2 ed.),
1153:Whyld, Kenneth
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1084:
1081:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1004:
999:
996:
993:
987:
986:
981:
978:
975:
969:
968:
963:
960:
957:
951:
950:
947:
944:
941:
937:
936:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
895:
892:
878:
875:
871:women's titles
860:
859:
854:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
830:
829:
826:
820:
819:
816:
810:
809:
806:
802:
801:
794:
793:Women's titles
791:
783:
782:
775:
769:
766:
754:
751:
740:Alekhine Nouri
736:
735:
732:
729:
723:
720:
714:
698:
695:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
629:
623:
616:
610:
604:
602:FIDE World Cup
567:
564:
533:
532:
531:) championship
513:
506:
499:
493:
487:
485:FIDE World Cup
460:World Champion
452:Main article:
449:
446:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
419:
418:
413:
410:
407:
401:
400:
395:
392:
389:
383:
382:
377:
374:
371:
365:
364:
359:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
333:
332:
325:
322:
318:chess problems
297:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
269:Vasily Smyslov
266:
265:(West Germany)
260:
254:
248:
242:
239:Miguel Najdorf
236:
233:Jacques Mieses
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
194:
191:Ernst GrĂĽnfeld
188:
182:
176:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
140:
133:
104:
101:
35:Magnus Carlsen
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3754:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3732:1950 in chess
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3681:Solving chess
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3671:Chess prodigy
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:Chess problem
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:opening books
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3550:short stories
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:Art and media
3501:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:triangulation
3313:
3311:
3310:Tarrasch rule
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Queen vs rook
3268:
3266:
3265:Queen vs pawn
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:London System
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3079:Modern Benoni
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Dutch Defence
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:King's Gambit
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Grob's Attack
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Dunst Opening
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Benko Opening
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2823:Flank opening
2820:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
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2578:Transposition
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2328:Chess museums
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2296:Notable games
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2085:World records
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2056:Rating system
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1916:FIDE Handbook
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1686:on 2019-09-24
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1654:
1652:0-19-280049-3
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1633:Hooper, David
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1384:The Spectator
1380:
1379:
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1373:Raymond Keene
1369:
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683:Bobby Fischer
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560:Bobby Fischer
557:
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543:(WGM) title.
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82:chess problem
79:
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71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3727:Chess titles
3627:Chess engine
3612:Chess boxing
3572:
3342:Wrong bishop
3189:theory table
3163:Torre Attack
3146:Slav Defence
3054:Colle System
3029:Scheveningen
2988:Pirc Defence
2931:Italian Game
2926:Giuoco Piano
2871:RĂ©ti Opening
2794:Piece values
2782:MarĂłczy Bind
2743:the exchange
2733:Compensation
2663:Interference
2653:Double check
2427:Time control
2414:
2388:by agreement
2316:grandmasters
2260:South Africa
2210:
2203:
2179:Score sheets
2125:Chess pieces
2032:Online chess
1978:Chess titles
1973:Chess theory
1891:. Retrieved
1887:the original
1882:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:the original
1852:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1822:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1746:September 1,
1744:. Retrieved
1740:
1731:
1711:
1688:. Retrieved
1681:the original
1676:
1641:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1606:
1597:
1589:The Mary Sue
1588:
1579:
1571:The Times UK
1570:
1561:
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:
1502:
1493:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1429:. Retrieved
1424:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1392:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1357:. Retrieved
1343:
1329:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:
1291:. Retrieved
1257:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1226:
1218:the original
1207:
1189:
1180:
1157:
1143:
1110:Chess titles
1099:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1008:
1001:
990:
983:
972:
965:
954:
928:Arena titles
922:
913:
900:
897:
883:
880:
867:Judit Polgár
863:
856:
843:
833:
823:
813:
787:
784:
756:
747:Faustino Oro
744:
737:
710:Winning the
704:
700:
691:Faustino Oro
688:
656:
631:Winning the
595:
583:
576:
556:Judit Polgár
545:
534:
517:Pan American
508:Winning the
501:Winning the
495:Winning the
489:Winning the
478:
466:
464:
457:
442:
435:
430:
425:
415:
404:
397:
386:
379:
368:
361:
350:
299:
295:(Yugoslavia)
293:Milan Vidmar
281:László Szabó
227:GĂ©za MarĂłczy
205:(Yugoslavia)
203:Boris Kostić
130:
118:Grandmasters
113:
112:from German
106:
86:
57:
45:
44:
3557:Chess books
3357:Tournaments
3211:Fool's mate
2976:Vienna Game
2966:Scotch Game
2799:Prophylaxis
2715:Zwischenzug
2700:Undermining
2668:Overloading
2628:Combination
2477:descriptive
2172:Chess table
2167:Chess clock
1983:Grandmaster
1893:10 December
1803:February 4,
1771:February 4,
1617:20 February
1488:19 February
1237:February 4,
675:Mikhail Tal
590:FIDE rating
473:FIDE rating
324:Open titles
241:(Argentina)
179:Reuben Fine
114:GroĂźmeister
62:Grandmaster
46:FIDE titles
39:Grandmaster
3721:Categories
3664:joke chess
3617:Chess club
3305:opposition
2762:Middlegame
2750:Initiative
2673:Pawn storm
2638:Deflection
2509:Key square
2499:Fianchetto
2432:Fast chess
2416:En passant
2108:chessboard
1690:2019-09-24
1538:2023-10-02
1517:2024-03-30
1405:August 31,
1359:2024-06-30
1320:2021-12-25
1293:2020-08-09
1289:. Fide.com
1259:2023-10-02
1186:Elo, Arpad
1136:References
671:Olga Girya
667:Anish Giri
665:of China,
197:Paul Keres
185:Salo Flohr
66:Elo rating
3647:Stockfish
3637:Deep Blue
3632:AlphaZero
3540:paintings
3332:Tablebase
3296:Strategy
3201:Irregular
2956:Ruy Lopez
2916:Open Game
2683:Sacrifice
2643:Desperado
2546:connected
2519:Open file
2514:King walk
2472:algebraic
2403:Stalemate
2378:Checkmate
2103:Chess set
2095:Equipment
1863:17 August
1833:17 August
1495:Olympiads
1425:Chess.Com
1353:Chess.com
1212:Wall, W.
283:(Hungary)
235:(England)
229:(Hungary)
193:(Austria)
124:, and 17
89:honorific
3706:Category
3659:glossary
3320:Zugzwang
3300:fortress
3232:Endgames
3141:Declined
3136:Accepted
2814:Openings
2772:Hedgehog
2738:Exchange
2725:Strategy
2705:Windmill
2556:isolated
2541:backward
2363:Castling
2306:amateurs
2199:Timeline
2073:Variants
2027:Glossary
2010:software
1995:glossary
1883:FIDE.com
1853:FIDE.com
1823:FIDE.com
1639:(1992).
1188:(1978),
1155:(1992),
1104:See also
779:olympiad
727:olympiad
663:Wang Hao
635:outright
521:European
505:outright
289:(France)
277:(Sweden)
259:(Poland)
173:Max Euwe
139:(France)
3607:Arbiter
3600:Related
3457:Solving
3447:Amateur
3024:Najdorf
2606:Battery
2593:Tactics
2568:Swindle
2551:doubled
2531:Outpost
2462:Blunder
2277:Armenia
2191:History
2037:Premove
2005:engines
2000:matches
1965:Outline
1555:. FIDE.
1438:months.
1431:June 3,
1378:Ovicide
529:African
103:History
3545:poetry
3535:novels
3510:CaĂŻssa
3442:Senior
3432:Junior
3015:Dragon
3010:Alapin
2695:Skewer
2561:passed
2504:Gambit
2311:female
2272:Europe
2255:Africa
2150:Knight
2145:Bishop
1719:
1649:
1534:. FIDE
1458:
1255:. FIDE
1196:
1169:
1026:Total
1013:1,087
995:1,663
977:1,174
949:Total
946:Women
940:Title
853:Total
838:1,892
808:Total
436:17,047
426:16,796
422:Total
409:2,356
391:8,775
373:3,893
355:1,772
345:Total
342:Women
336:Title
271:(USSR)
247:(USSR)
223:(USSR)
217:(USSR)
211:(USSR)
199:(USSR)
187:(USSR)
163:(USSR)
157:(USSR)
151:(USSR)
145:(USSR)
110:calque
3492:WCSCC
3437:Youth
3427:Blitz
3422:Rapid
3412:Women
3375:Women
3327:Study
3177:Other
2710:X-ray
2633:Decoy
2618:Block
2573:Tempo
2536:Pawns
2454:Terms
2373:Check
2355:Rules
2289:India
2282:Spain
2267:China
2160:Fairy
2135:Queen
2066:norms
1957:Chess
1684:(PDF)
1673:(PDF)
1040:4,650
1030:4,340
1020:1,213
1002:1,799
984:1,215
857:3,958
805:Title
586:norms
579:chess
525:Asian
468:norms
416:2,378
398:8,829
380:4,027
362:1,813
302:norms
253:(USA)
181:(USA)
120:, 94
70:norms
50:chess
37:is a
3742:FIDE
3530:film
3487:WCCC
3482:TCEC
3472:CSVN
3417:Team
3387:List
2658:Fork
2583:Trap
2383:Draw
2155:Pawn
2140:Rook
2130:King
2078:List
2047:list
2022:FIDE
1895:2021
1865:2019
1835:2019
1805:2020
1773:2020
1748:2024
1717:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1619:2024
1490:2024
1456:ISBN
1433:2024
1407:2013
1239:2020
1194:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1115:FIDE
1016:126
998:136
959:416
943:Men
848:884
828:856
818:326
376:134
339:Men
68:and
54:FIDE
3467:CCC
2678:Pin
2482:PGN
1035:310
980:41
966:423
527:or
431:251
412:22
394:54
358:41
3723::
1881:.
1851:.
1821:.
1796:.
1781:^
1764:.
1739:.
1699:^
1675:.
1661:^
1635:;
1605:.
1587:.
1569:.
1510:.
1492:.
1481:.
1470:^
1435:.
1423:.
1381:,
1375:,
1351:.
1313:.
1302:^
1268:^
1151:;
962:7
523:,
519:,
97:GM
80:,
3017:/
1949:e
1942:t
1935:v
1897:.
1867:.
1837:.
1807:.
1775:.
1750:.
1725:.
1693:.
1655:.
1621:.
1591:.
1573:.
1541:.
1520:.
1464:.
1409:.
1362:.
1323:.
1296:.
1262:.
1241:.
574:.
56:(
41:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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