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in Verona is for the most part a work of the twelfth, thirteenth, and early fifteenth centuries. It is well known for its bronze doors (c. 1100 – c. 1200) which depict, besides stories from the Bible, images drawn from the stories of the miracles of Saint Zeno including those
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Tradition states that Zeno built the first basilica in Verona, probably situated in the area occupied by the present-day cathedral. His eponymous church in its present location dates to the early ninth century, when it was endowed by
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of Zeno. In 588, the Adige flooded its banks, inundating Verona. The floodwater reached the church dedicated to Saint Zeno, but miraculously did not enter it, even though the door was wide open. The church was then donated to
505:, and the horses calmed down. Zeno was often said to combat the devil, and is sometimes depicted treading on a demon. Another story relates that he exorcised a demon from the body of the daughter of the Emperor
430:
The church was damaged at the beginning of the tenth century by
Hungarians, though the relics of Zeno remained safe. The basilica was rebuilt, making it larger and stronger. Financial support was provided by
497:, which he did in order to feed himself, saw a peasant crossing the river in a horse and cart. The horses became strangely skittish. Zeno, believing this behavior to be the work of the
509:, although Zeno probably did not live during the reign of Gallienus. The story relates that the grateful Gallienus allowed Zeno and other Christians freedom of worship in the empire.
547:
215:
attributed to Zeno is also considered evidence of his
African origins, since Christian African writers of the time frequently used neologisms and wordplay. Many of the
528:
Zeno is most often represented with fishing-related items such as a fish or fishing rod, or as a bishop holding a fishing rod, or with a fish hanging from his
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and anglers, the city of Verona, newborn babies, and children learning to speak and walk. Some 30 churches or chapels have been dedicated to him, including
569:
337:
562:
196:
who taught children of Africa about the
Catholic religion and also helped them with their education. Another claim was that Zeno was a follower of
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recorded by the notary
Coronato. The church is also known for the facade sculpture signed by Nicholaus and an associate Guglielmus, and the
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be accompanied by attendees' loud groans and wailing. Zeno's other reforms included instructions concerning
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is celebrated on 12 April, but in the diocese of Verona, it is also celebrated on 21 May, in honor of the
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362:(r. 412–429) wrote of Zeno's virtues and also confirmed the existence of a cult dedicated to Saint Zeno.
536:, "but it is more likely that originally it was a symbol of his success in bringing people to baptism."
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Zeno's episcopate lasted for about ten years; the date of his death is sometimes given as 12 April 371.
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element in them". This interpretation is not shared by
Giuseppe Laiti, expert on San Zeno's work.
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300:
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until around 362, when he was elected successor to the See of Verona after the death of Bishop
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Saint
Gregory the Great, at the end of the 6th century, related a miracle associated with the
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443:
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129:
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532:. "Local tradition says the bishop was fond of fishing in the nearby river Adige", writes
415:, Benignus and Carus, were assigned the task of translating Zeno's relics to a new marble
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809:
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The first evidence for his existence was found in a letter written by Saint
Ambrose to
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285:. He instituted the issuing of medals to people newly baptized in the Catholic faith.
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fish, fishing rod, or a bishop holding a fishing rod, or with a fish hanging from his
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480:
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265:. He lived a life of poverty. He trained priests to work in the diocese and set up a
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speaks of Zeno's "happy death", although as a confessor, Zeno may have suffered
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695:"S. Zeno guida alla lettura delle Scritture la comunità cristiana di Verona"
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to the city in verse, states that Zeno was the eighth bishop of Verona.
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in which
Ambrose referred to the holiness of Zeno. Later, Bishop Saint
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According to legend, he was stolen at birth and briefly replaced by a
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lists his death date as 12 April, but makes no mention of martyrdom.
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493:. One story relates that Saint Zeno, fishing on the banks of the
419:. King Pepin was present at the ceremony, as were the Bishops of
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St Zeno's body ready for his feast day procession on 21 May 2012
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Staying in Verona, Zeno entered the monastic life, living as a
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Zeno of Verona – Following the footsteps of a saint in Europe
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25:
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The Lives or the
Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints
234:
763:: article series with photographic documentation and maps
521:, an alleged eyewitness to the miracle and wife of king
672:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 85.
668:
Butler, Alban; Farmer, David Hugh; Burns, Paul (1995).
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in the 7th century, claimed that Zeno was a native of
204:, and accompanied his master when the latter visited
160:Christian figure believed to have either served as
620:Patron Saints of Early Medieval Italy AD c.350-800
411:. It was consecrated on 8 December 806. Two local
43:Statue of Saint Zeno from the Basilica of San Zeno
667:
648:
771:
724:. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2004. p. 232.
623:. PIMS/ Durham University Press. pp. 60–72.
451:(c. 1200), which is the work of Brioloto.
365:A poem written between 781 and 810, called the
712:
602:Zeno exorcising the daughter of the Emperor
269:for women. In addition, he reformed how the
188:A Veronese author named Coronato, who was a
128:Fishermen, anglers, newborn babies, Verona,
454:
37:
319:(but not execution) during the reigns of
458:
382:
104:12 April; 21 May (translation of relics)
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427:, and an immense crowd of townspeople.
261:many people and won converts back from
211:The literary style of the more than 90
183:
772:
649:Borrelli, Antonio (14 December 2006).
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311:, a contemporary of Zeno, does not.
780:Saints from Mauretania Caesariensis
13:
610:
14:
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732:
226:and are said to "have a definite
156:; about 300 – 371 or 380) was an
16:Italian Catholic bishop and saint
595:
590:Zenon with a fish on his crozier
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546:
273:was celebrated and forbade that
146:Xenòn de Verona or Xen de Verona
748:Eternal Word Television Network
686:
1:
800:4th-century Christian martyrs
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651:"San Zeno (Zenone) di Verona"
399:of his relics on 21 May 807.
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825:4th-century writers in Latin
670:Butler's Lives of the Saints
666:
647:
7:
653:(in Italian). Santi e Beati
628:
10:
841:
617:Everett, Nicholas (2016).
556:. Zeno is on the far right
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444:present church of San Zeno
327:. The entry in the modern
303:calls him a martyr in his
253:Zeno had "received a good
815:4th-century Berber people
753:Documenta Catholica Omnia
635:Abbey of San Zeno, Verona
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73:12 April 371 (aged 71–72)
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693:Laiti, Giuseppe (1995).
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455:Legends and iconography
301:Saint Gregory the Great
291:Zeno is described as a
202:patriarch of Alexandria
168:. He is venerated as a
145:
568:Statue of Zeno at the
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467:flowing through Verona
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293:confessor of the faith
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721:Martyrologium Romanum
702:Esperienza e Teologia
462:
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409:Pepin, King of Italy
281:, which occurred by
184:Life and historicity
89:Basilica of San Zeno
554:San Zeno Altarpiece
514:divine intercession
351:Petronius of Verona
325:Julian the Apostate
255:classical education
805:4th-century Romans
790:4th-century deaths
739:Patron Saint index
570:Radolfzell Minster
469:
391:Zeno's liturgical
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283:complete immersion
820:Berber Christians
795:Bishops of Verona
503:sign of the cross
481:Pistoia Cathedral
330:Roman Martyrology
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130:Campione d'Italia
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757:
746:as reprinted by
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368:Versus de Verona
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257:". As bishop he
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162:Bishop of Verona
154:Zenone da Verona
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611:Further reading
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338:Bishop Syagrius
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178:Orthodox Church
174:Catholic Church
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5:
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785:Italian saints
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733:External links
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704:(in Italian).
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321:Constantius II
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309:Saint Ambrose
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297:martyrologies
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279:adult baptism
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221:Old Testament
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164:or died as a
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655:. Retrieved
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534:Alban Butler
527:
511:
485:
473:patron saint
471:Zeno is the
470:
441:
429:
407:and his son
401:
390:
366:
364:
335:
328:
304:
290:
287:
252:
232:
228:anti-Semitic
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212:
210:
187:
158:Afro-Italian
137:
136:
18:
765:(in German)
573: [
519:Theodelinda
501:, made the
449:rose window
439:of Verona.
405:Charlemagne
397:translation
354: [
341: [
317:persecution
271:Agape feast
242: [
810:300 births
774:Categories
756:(in Latin)
708:: 109–114.
680:References
491:changeling
379:Veneration
198:Athanasius
194:Mauretania
110:Attributes
65:Mauretania
657:15 August
604:Gallienus
507:Gallienus
477:fishermen
437:Ratherius
393:feast day
307:, though
305:Dialogues
295:in early
124:Patronage
629:See also
425:Salzburg
357:Wikidata
344:Wikidata
263:Arianism
259:baptized
245:Wikidata
239:Gricinus
224:exegesis
219:concern
217:Sermones
213:Sermones
208:in 340.
176:and the
142:Venetian
540:Gallery
530:crozier
523:Authari
488:demonic
421:Cremona
413:hermits
313:Ambrose
267:convent
172:in the
150:Italian
116:crozier
433:Otto I
206:Verona
190:notary
166:martyr
93:Verona
83:shrine
81:Major
75:Verona
54:Martyr
50:Bishop
698:(PDF)
641:Notes
577:]
499:devil
495:Adige
465:Adige
417:crypt
373:elegy
371:, an
360:]
347:]
248:]
170:saint
100:Feast
26:Saint
659:2008
463:The
442:The
423:and
323:and
235:monk
70:Died
60:Born
475:of
63:300
776::
700:.
575:de
525:.
483:.
299:.
250:.
200:,
180:.
152::
148:;
144::
91:,
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706:1
661:.
140:(
118:.
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