82:
97:
174:
589:
334:
27:
112:
417:
159:
402:). The Russians backed Augustus, who had previously declared that he would continue the war, and who had in 1695–1696 commanded Austrian - Saxon army in its Hungarian campaign. The election of Francois Louis meant quick end to the Polish-Ottoman war, and possibility of a Polish-Russian conflict. The Russians, well aware of this danger, sent large sums of money to the Commonwealth, trying to win the support of Polish-Lithuanian nobility.
445:
was to be carried out only with royal insignia, kept in Wawel
Treasury. There were eight locks in the door to the Treasury, with eight keys. The keys were kept by eight Senators, out of which six supported Conti. Augustus II and his entourage decided to make a hole in the Treasury wall, leaving the
413:, on June 27, 1697. By popular support, Francois Louis, Prince of Conti was elected new King of the Commonwealth. This was immediately contested by Augustus the Strong, who declared himself the new monarch. Third candidate, James Louis Sobieski, expressed his support of Conti.
472:. Since Russia concentrated its army near Lithuanian border, a possibility of an international conflict was real. The situation was solved without foreign intervention, as on November 9, the attack of troops loyal to Augustus forced Conti to abandon his quarters in
440:
of Kraków, Franciszek
Wielopolski, himself a supporter of Conti, did not let him into the city. The stalemate was quickly solved after Wielopolski had accepted a bribe, but soon another problem appeared. According to the Polish law, the coronation in
453:, and was crowned new King of Poland, August II, by Bishop of Kujawy, Stanisław Dąmbski. Primate Radziejowski refused to recognize the coronation, stating that Conti was the rightful monarch. Radziejowski started the so-called
707:
702:
692:
687:
682:
677:
578:
749:
81:
571:
488:
764:
564:
352:. To win the support of Roman Catholic, conservative Poles, Augustus decided to convert from Lutheranism to Catholicism. The conversion took place in
383:, who had previously backed James Louis Sobieski, switched sides and declared his support of Francois Louis. Since Radziejowski at that time was the
479:
Primate
Radziejowski refused to recognize Augustus until spring of 1698, when he received a large sum of money, and was promised a government post.
327:
669:
96:
697:
330:. The mother and her son argued about properties of John III Sobieski, and as a result, James Louis lost the support of Polish nobility.
754:
659:
654:
649:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
188:
593:
275:
247:
342:
126:
769:
364:
337:
Election of August II the Strong at Wola, outside Warsaw (1697). Painting by Jean-Pierre
Norblin de La Gourdaine.
723:
588:
349:
380:
173:
556:
759:
728:
601:
493:
271:
345:
323:
226:
131:
376:
295:
138:
333:
8:
425:
368:
57:
503:
40:
26:
535:
399:
391:
357:
299:
259:
214:
193:
416:
442:
326:. James Louis Sobieski, however, did not get along with his French-born mother,
498:
450:
395:
311:
303:
111:
743:
539:
315:
291:
460:, which gathered supporters of the Frenchman. Conti himself arrived at the
586:
523:
476:, and to leave Poland. On December 12, 1697, Conti returned to France.
461:
429:
356:, on June 2, 1697, and this decision won for Frederick the support of
263:
469:
465:
454:
433:
158:
437:
384:
307:
390:
Nevertheless, key role in the oncoming election was played by the
287:
468:
on
September 26, 1697, with a squadron of six ships commanded by
372:
457:
410:
353:
319:
267:
473:
371:. His candidacy won support of several Polish and Lithuanian
286:
One of the candidates for the Polish throne was the Duke of
436:, but was not allowed to enter the ancient capital, as the
406:
387:, his decision attracted the nobility, which followed him.
424:
On July 27, 1697, Augustus, backed by Russia, Austria and
550:
U. Augustyniak, Historia Polski 1572–1795, Warszawa 2008
394:, which was Polish ally in the ongoing war against the
246:
was an election to decide on the new candidate for the
750:
553:
M. Markiewicz, Historia Polski 1494–1795, Kraków 2002
489:
History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)
16:
524:"Peter the Great and the Polish Election of 1697"
741:
205:
572:
375:, many of whom were bribed by French envoy,
328:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
449:On September 15, 1697, Augustus signed the
363:The main opponent to the Saxon elector was
765:1697 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
579:
565:
379:. On October 24, 1696, Primate of Poland
348:, was backed by influential and powerful
189:Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
521:
415:
332:
742:
724:Elections and referendums in Lithuania
560:
432:in Lesser Poland. He marched towards
244:1697 Polish–Lithuanian royal election
133:Friedrich August I, Elector of Saxony
298:. He was initially supported by the
20:1697 Polish–Lithuanian Free election
729:Elections and referendums in Poland
13:
14:
781:
306:. Also, among his followers were
755:17th-century elections in Europe
587:
172:
157:
110:
95:
80:
25:
365:Francois Louis, Prince of Conti
127:François Louis, Prince of Conti
594:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
515:
276:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
227:Augustus II (Friedrich August)
1:
509:
428:, crossed Polish border near
253:
528:Cambridge Historical Journal
294:) and son of the late king,
278:was left without a monarch.
7:
482:
405:The election took place in
270:, which meant that another
10:
786:
381:Michał Stefan Radziejowski
281:
716:
668:
600:
494:Royal elections in Poland
203:
144:
68:
34:
24:
522:Lewitter, L. R. (1956).
341:Another candidate, the
258:On June 17, 1696, King
46:June 27, 1697
770:Non-partisan elections
421:
420:Election Diet in 1697.
346:Augustus II the Strong
338:
274:was necessary, as the
262:died in his palace at
670:Legislative elections
419:
336:
139:Jakub Ludwik Sobieski
377:Melchior de Polignac
296:James Louis Sobieski
230:(not the most voted)
210:King before election
426:Brandenburg-Prussia
369:Louis XIV of France
21:
504:Henrician Articles
422:
339:
19:
737:
736:
592:Elections in the
400:Great Turkish War
392:Tsardom of Russia
367:, backed by King
358:Pope Innocent XII
350:Emperor Leopold I
343:Elector of Saxony
324:Stanisław Dąmbski
300:Kingdom of France
260:John III Sobieski
248:Polish–Lithuanian
240:
239:
236:
235:
199:
198:
64:
63:
777:
760:1697 in politics
591:
581:
574:
567:
558:
557:
544:
543:
519:
318:, and Bishop of
206:
194:Livio Odescalchi
176:
161:
114:
99:
84:
70:
69:
53:
51:
36:
35:
29:
22:
18:
785:
784:
780:
779:
778:
776:
775:
774:
740:
739:
738:
733:
712:
664:
602:Royal elections
596:
585:
547:
520:
516:
512:
485:
443:Wawel Cathedral
284:
256:
231:
229:
224:
217:
212:
204:
180:
179:
178:
177:
165:
164:
163:
162:
145:
118:
117:
116:
115:
103:
102:
101:
100:
88:
87:
86:
85:
49:
47:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
783:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
735:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
717:
714:
713:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
672:
666:
665:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
606:
604:
598:
597:
584:
583:
576:
569:
561:
555:
554:
551:
546:
545:
534:(2): 126–143.
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
501:
499:Golden Liberty
496:
491:
484:
481:
451:Pacta Conventa
396:Ottoman Empire
312:Greater Poland
304:Swedish Empire
283:
280:
255:
252:
238:
237:
234:
233:
219:
201:
200:
197:
196:
191:
186:
182:
181:
171:
170:
169:
168:
166:
156:
155:
154:
153:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
136:
129:
124:
120:
119:
109:
108:
107:
106:
104:
94:
93:
92:
91:
89:
79:
78:
77:
76:
74:
66:
65:
62:
61:
55:
43:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
782:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
730:
727:
725:
722:
719:
718:
715:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
673:
671:
667:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
582:
577:
575:
570:
568:
563:
562:
559:
552:
549:
548:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
514:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
480:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
452:
447:
446:door intact.
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
418:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Lesser Poland
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Lower Silesia
289:
279:
277:
273:
272:free election
269:
265:
261:
251:
249:
245:
232:
228:
223:
220:
218:
216:
211:
208:
207:
202:
195:
192:
190:
187:
184:
183:
175:
167:
160:
152:
149:
148:
143:
140:
137:
135:
134:
130:
128:
125:
122:
121:
113:
105:
98:
90:
83:
75:
72:
71:
67:
60: →
59:
56:
54:
44:
42:
39:←
38:
37:
33:
28:
23:
644:
531:
527:
517:
478:
448:
423:
404:
389:
362:
340:
285:
257:
243:
241:
225:
222:Elected King
221:
213:
209:
132:
45:
744:Categories
510:References
462:Baltic Sea
254:Background
185:Candidate
123:Candidate
50:1697-06-27
720:See also:
540:1474-6913
470:Jean Bart
483:See also
464:port of
438:Starosta
385:interrex
373:magnates
308:szlachta
302:and the
250:throne.
215:John III
430:Czeladź
282:History
264:Wilanów
150:
73:
48: (
538:
466:Gdańsk
458:Rokosz
455:Łowicz
434:Kraków
411:Warsaw
354:Vienna
320:Kujawy
268:Warsaw
474:Oliwa
409:near
398:(see
310:from
288:Oława
266:near
708:1793
703:1790
698:1788
693:1786
688:1784
683:1782
678:1780
660:1764
655:1733
650:1704
645:1697
640:1674
635:1669
630:1648
625:1632
620:1587
615:1576
610:1573
536:ISSN
407:Wola
242:The
58:1704
41:1674
746::
532:12
530:.
526:.
360:.
322:,
314:,
580:e
573:t
566:v
542:.
290:(
52:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
,_by_Jakob-Ferdinand_Voet.jpg)