443:
committee's concerns and simply maintained he would continue to oppose re-integration with South Africa for the foreseeable future. The committee responded by calling a general strike. Since
Bophuthatswana was set to be disestablished by the South African government on 27 April, the civil servants demanded their wages and public pensions well in advance of that date. Lacking the treasury funds to accommodate them, Mangope simply issued no response. This alarmed the Bophuthatswana Police, which joined the strike immediately. When it became clear the country's law enforcement was no longer functioning, mass looting occurred in the capital. The Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF) was subsequently deployed to restore order.
189:
128:
253:
222:
154:
168:
263:
677:. Menyatsoe stated that his emotions were raised by his seeing a wounded mother, who had been shot when the AWB had fired from their vehicles into a nearby crowd. According to other journalists dozens of paramilitaries had been firing into traditional houses along the road out of Bophuthatswana. Terre'Blanche pointed out that the three soldiers were wounded by the time Menyatsoe shot them, and that they no longer posed any threat. Menyatsoe said that he acted on his own initiative because of the absence of a commanding officer.
43:
464:, head of the right-wing Afrikaner Volksfront, to a meeting of his chief ministers in the Bophuthatswana Defence Force, national police, and intelligence services. It was agreed that Viljoen would use the Volksfront's militia to protect key locations in Bophuthatswana if the situation deteriorated. Parliament was empowered to call on Viljoen's assistance sooner in the case of a forcible re-integration. Mangope initially made it clear, however, that he would not tolerate the Volksfront's more extremist ally, the
5413:
244:
211:
200:
142:
3454:
563:
653:. His party argued that under the Xhosa-led ANC, their quality of life in the province would deteriorate and that conditions were improved because Tswana people ruled themselves. Mangope led the party for fifteen years, but was expelled from the party in 2012. He had been accused of being autocratic, but failed to attend his disciplinary hearing, and had his membership terminated. In the runup to the following election,
574:. Members of the Bophuthatswana police had set up an ambush and opened fire on the AWB convoy, killing one AWB militant, Francois Alwyn Venter, and wounding eleven others. Although most of the AWB vehicles managed to escape, the last vehicle was left behind. AWB Colonel Alwyn Wolfaardt, AWB General Nicolaas Fourie and Veldkornet (
583:
onlookers not to start shooting. A Bophuthatswana police officer relieved him of the weapon. Half a dozen reporters who had stumbled on to the scene recorded what followed. A journalist approached and spoke to
Wolfaardt, asking if he was a member of the AWB. Wolfaardt confirmed this, reporting that they had been dispatched from
550:-shooting picnic'). In response, the predominantly black Bophuthatswana Defence Force, agitated by their superiors' inability to control the AWB gunmen, mutinied against their white officers. They entered Mmabatho and Mafikeng in armoured vehicles, rounded up the AWB and ordered them to leave Bophuthatswana immediately.
582:
at the end of the convoy. The driver, Fourie, was shot in the neck; another passenger, Wolfaardt; in the arm and the remaining passenger, Uys, in the leg. Wolfaardt and Uys were wounded and Fourie died almost instantly. Wolfaardt stumbled out of the car and brandished a handgun but was advised by the
553:
The AWB began to withdraw from
Mmabatho at noon via convoy, leaving their Volksfront compatriots behind. Driving recklessly through Mafikeng and downtown Mmabatho, some AWB fighters continued to shoot black citizens in the street, killing at least two. Crowds of angry black residents eventually moved
387:
Although
Bophuthatswana was not recognised as a unique entity by any foreign state, an estimated two million Tswana lost their South African citizenship accordingly. The 1977 Constitution made it a self-governing democracy inside the Republic of South Africa, with an area of jurisdiction spanning six
339:
militias seeking to preserve the
Mangope government. The predominantly black Bophuthatswana Defence Force and police refused to cooperate with the white extremists and mutinied, then forced the Afrikaner militias to leave Bophuthatswana. The South African military entered Bophuthatswana and restored
451:
began boycotting classes in support of the strike. Looting continued in
Mmabatho, and local business centres such as the Mega City Shopping Complex were severely damaged or destroyed due to unchecked fires. When it became clear that the BDF was taking no action to curb the state of anarchy, Mangope
595:
Soon after the deaths of the AWB militants, the BDF ordered the
Afrikaner Volksfront to leave Bophuthatswana. The Volksfront withdrew in a much more orderly fashion later that afternoon, accompanied by a military escort to avoid the general public, although one Volksfront militant, Francois Willem
479:
By 10 March, the situation was only worsening and
President Mangope was advised to leave Bophuthatswana for his own protection. He promptly left his country via helicopter at two o'clock on Thursday and flew to safety in Motswedi. Later that afternoon, a group of anti-Mangope policemen presented a
629:
later held a rally in
Bophuthatswana on March 15, which was attended by 50,000 people. Where he praised members of the Bophuthatswana military and police, "the white far right were given a lesson by the Bophuthatswana Police and Defence Force which they will never forget. They were chased out and
534:
and the
Volksfront commandant together at the air base, insisting that the former remove his supporters immediately. Jack Turner of the Bophuthatswana Defence Force reiterated Botse's request but Terre'Blanche insisted that Mangope had requested his presence. Turner was concerned that his black
412:
opened up the possibility of reincorporating the fragmented bantustans into a unitary South African state. Although all tribal homelands ceased to exist in 1993 under an interim constitution, Mangope remained committed to the principle of Bophuthatswana's "independence". Many Tswana voters were
372:
with limited but hypothetically increasing powers of self-rule, Bophuthatswana adopted as her governing document an act drafted by the former Tswana Territorial Authority under South African guidance. South Africa was adamant that elections should take place as early as 1972, but there were no
442:
In late February, the executives of fifty-two Bophuthatswanan ministries formed the so-called "Mmabatho/Mafikeng Crisis Committee", which was to address the role and status of civil servants following the anticipated re-integration with South Africa. However, Mangope refused to address the
487:
Following more protests and increasing rumors of ANC supporters massing on Bophuthatswana's established borders, Mangope asked Viljoen and the Volksfront to immediately assist in keeping the peace. The Afrikaners were hastily rallied and mobilised, under the command of retired
446:
On Wednesday, 9 March, the situation further deteriorated. The Bophuthatswana Broadcasting Corporation's staff joined the civil service strike, seized control of the radio and television facilities, and took Lucas Mangope's Eddie hostage. Meanwhile, the students at
484:, calling for Bophuthatswana to be re-integrated into the republic against their president's wishes. By late afternoon virtually all law enforcement authority had broken down and the military was left with the responsibility of maintaining order.
468:, being present because they were a violently racist organisation. Viljoen was regarded as a more moderate white leader, and was respected by the members of the Bophuthatswana Defence Force and police, as he was the former head of both the
591:
rifle, and fired two bullets into each men at point-blank range, firing a further two into the body of Fourie, which he then proceeded to kick in the ribs. The execution was captured by the nearby journalists and broadcast worldwide.
1120:
334:
later that year. Violent protests immediately broke out following President Mangope's announcement on 7 March that Bophuthatswana would boycott the South African general elections. This was escalated by the arrival of right-wing
673:(TRC), on the grounds that the killings were politically motivated. The application was opposed by the families of Wolfaardt, Uys and Fourie. At the hearing in August 1999, Menyatsoe was cross-examined by AWB leader
424:
On 1 January 1994, de Klerk restored South African citizenship to Bophuthatswana residents but balked at the notion of removing its government from power. Mangope agreed to convene with representatives from the
343:
The Bophuthatswana Crisis highlighted the deep unpopularity of the Mangope government and the bantustan system among most of its residents. It has been remembered largely for the televised execution of three
417:; opposition mounted but remained subject to escalating repression. Human rights groups complained that citizens were barred from attending voter education programmes and only Mangope loyalists enjoyed the
348:(AWB) militants by a black police officer, Ontlametse Bernstein Menyatsoe. This proved to be a public relations disaster for the AWB and demoralised the movement, which was then intent on preserving white
587:. He then pleaded for the lives of him and his injured comrade, "Please God, help us! Get us some medical help!", he said. In response, a police officer strolled up to the two men, pointed his
1109:
1299:
603:(SADF) moved to occupy Bophuthatswana and assume responsibility for the territory's security. Mangope's regime was formally abolished by the South African government the same day.
507:
prepared to intervene, ostensibly to protect South Africa's Bophuthatswanan embassy and the lives of their nationals in the bantustan. Unwelcomed AWB paramilitaries called in from
951:
Forging Democracy From Below: Insurgent Transitions in South Africa and El Salvador by Elizabeth Wood, (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) Cambridge University Press 2003
4548:
3263:
429:
yet refused to consider participating in the upcoming national elections. A commission member subsequently warned that "...his intransigence made confrontation inevitable".
5463:
1411:
1062:
849:
3490:
2041:
396:
Under Mangope's rule, political freedoms in Bophuthatswana deteriorated. Opponents of the state were subject to banishment, arrest, or extrajudicial harassment. The
554:
to block the convoy's way, chanting defiant slogans. An Afrikaner with an automatic weapon fired several rounds over their heads to disperse the human roadblock.
806:
2830:
1384:
5438:
388:
black-populated districts of the designated Tswana area. Excluded were zones earmarked for white persons encompassing much of the capital and industry.
5365:
5008:
2288:
1992:
670:
4371:
4057:
3549:
3433:
3367:
3440:
5468:
4014:
4009:
2935:
2208:
1999:
1404:
5320:
4983:
4963:
4822:
1706:
330:, attempted to crush widespread labour unrest and popular demonstrations demanding the incorporation of the territory into South Africa pending
3249:
3228:
3089:
2006:
4021:
3483:
2851:
2201:
409:
34:
5308:
976:
3639:
2767:
2683:
2138:
2117:
4182:
3856:
3581:
3221:
2087:
2048:
5303:
4624:
535:
troops and the local civilians would panic when they saw AWB personnel, due to Terre'Blanche's established reputation as an extremist.
4943:
4659:
4654:
3861:
3615:
3458:
2900:
2256:
1877:
1397:
5473:
4292:
3543:
3284:
3145:
3068:
2358:
1363:
1087:
5488:
3476:
3426:
3214:
2949:
2281:
1260:
4807:
4702:
1233:
4461:
3207:
3054:
3012:
2760:
2641:
2224:
1759:
1697:
1285:
4169:
3680:
3305:
3270:
2788:
1985:
4923:
5448:
5335:
5209:
4752:
4715:
4710:
4389:
3179:
2746:
1840:
384:(English: "Bophuthatswana National Party"). Mangope targeted rural votes and carried an easy majority in the new parliament.
4737:
5498:
5493:
5478:
5288:
4406:
4109:
3395:
3186:
3096:
2718:
823:
426:
414:
331:
5134:
4978:
364:, Bophuthatswana - popularly nicknamed "Bop" by her nationals - accepted nominal independence in 1977 from South Africa's
5003:
4412:
4241:
3927:
3332:
3277:
3193:
3040:
2704:
2267:
1934:
1904:
654:
646:
108:
661:. The party subsequently lost all of its seats including those in the provincial parliament and provincial legislature.
4762:
4052:
3711:
3291:
3256:
3200:
2725:
2690:
2379:
1828:
1817:
1039:
936:
908:
876:
741:
658:
5063:
5028:
4757:
4511:
4383:
4075:
4046:
3075:
2942:
2921:
2879:
2421:
2094:
1337:
1199:
1007:
833:
803:
650:
642:
5214:
4908:
5127:
4867:
4474:
4246:
3974:
3736:
3731:
3586:
3571:
3005:
2844:
2013:
1927:
1870:
30:
4887:
4862:
4842:
546:, stated that one AWB member present had remarked in Afrikaans, "Ons is op 'n kafferskiet piekniek" ('We are on a
5417:
5360:
5325:
5315:
5109:
4877:
4649:
4253:
4225:
3526:
3235:
2998:
2914:
2795:
2781:
2753:
2020:
1964:
5345:
5340:
5293:
5229:
5159:
5094:
5078:
5023:
4882:
4847:
4782:
4742:
4617:
2173:
689:
5355:
5350:
5204:
5194:
5073:
4958:
4337:
4326:
4236:
2984:
2893:
2648:
2407:
481:
5275:
5260:
5068:
4998:
4892:
4797:
4792:
4697:
4682:
669:
The police officer, Ontlametse Bernstein Menyatsoe was not charged with murder. He applied for amnesty to the
5443:
5114:
4968:
4857:
4812:
4554:
3687:
3674:
3138:
3124:
3047:
2928:
2886:
2865:
2739:
2302:
1948:
1670:
365:
5270:
5250:
5122:
5048:
4918:
4817:
4677:
2180:
694:
570:
The convoy of AWB vehicles had been firing into roadside houses as they passed through a poor black area of
5099:
4948:
4913:
4832:
4086:
3402:
3346:
3172:
3061:
3033:
2970:
2662:
2520:
496:. Led by one of Breytenbach's lieutenants, Commandant Douw Steyn, a large Volksfront force mustered at the
465:
345:
173:
158:
5018:
2187:
699:
5189:
4933:
4772:
4286:
4080:
3698:
3503:
3339:
3242:
3117:
3026:
2872:
2231:
775:
600:
504:
489:
473:
315:
5174:
5038:
4687:
5483:
5458:
5370:
5265:
5234:
5224:
5139:
5104:
5043:
4993:
4802:
4747:
4730:
4516:
4365:
4321:
4274:
4192:
4175:
3868:
2809:
2330:
2194:
1971:
1849:
1748:
757:
4610:
226:
5330:
5199:
5179:
5169:
5154:
5144:
5033:
4988:
4953:
4938:
4928:
4872:
4827:
4353:
4269:
4197:
3794:
3704:
3353:
2991:
2823:
2816:
2774:
2488:
2435:
2323:
2274:
2055:
1713:
596:
Jansen Van Rensburg, was shot and killed by an unidentified member of the BDF during the withdrawal.
397:
4602:
1349:
1134:
630:
humiliated." He also said that the fall of Mangope's regime should serve as a warning to the other "
5184:
5164:
4852:
4767:
4692:
4456:
4331:
3820:
3789:
3532:
3165:
2428:
2080:
1319:
619:, citing irreconcilable differences in the leadership, and later confirmed the registration of the
5453:
5280:
5255:
5149:
4837:
4725:
4451:
4187:
3987:
3838:
3815:
3741:
3604:
3576:
2802:
2697:
2564:
2414:
2295:
2027:
1810:
1720:
1173:
674:
531:
649:(which contained most of Bophuthatswana), and at its peak it held three seats out of 400 in the
5053:
4777:
4163:
3981:
3770:
2372:
2337:
1539:
5219:
4115:
3692:
2907:
2837:
2732:
2627:
2481:
2131:
1911:
1824:
1619:
1439:
448:
5058:
5013:
4505:
4445:
4157:
2655:
2541:
2309:
2245:
1978:
1741:
1734:
1686:
1469:
616:
547:
146:
1367:
8:
4469:
3844:
3644:
3566:
3110:
3082:
2956:
2474:
2467:
2400:
2365:
2316:
1796:
1603:
1304:
538:
Several civilians were killed by AWB forces, who fired upon looters and passersby alike.
418:
1350:"Truth and Reconciliation Commission amnesty hearing for Ontlametse Bernstein Menyatsoe"
3850:
3633:
3610:
1803:
1237:
620:
579:
469:
4591:
4435:
4104:
3963:
3898:
3388:
3374:
2711:
2527:
2351:
1941:
1531:
1461:
1195:
1115:
1035:
1003:
932:
904:
872:
829:
780:
758:"Truth Commission - Special Report - TRC Final Report - Volume 2, Section 1, Chapter"
737:
5401:
5392:
4633:
4280:
3468:
1389:
4539:
4439:
4231:
3933:
3537:
3312:
2676:
2386:
2166:
1856:
1611:
1579:
1515:
612:
588:
461:
204:
929:
Securing South Africa's Democracy: Defence, Development and Security in Transition
4490:
4298:
3921:
3765:
2634:
2548:
2442:
2110:
2034:
1955:
1679:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1523:
1215:
1187:
810:
539:
493:
215:
42:
562:
373:
political parties in the new region. This changed rapidly with the ascension of
4973:
4418:
4150:
4145:
3957:
3951:
3939:
3883:
3381:
3103:
2977:
2620:
2534:
2217:
2159:
2152:
2145:
1863:
1789:
1635:
1595:
626:
543:
401:
311:
188:
133:
92:
1169:
1154:
734:
Tomorrow Is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa's Road to Change
5432:
4576:
4377:
4359:
4315:
4207:
3969:
3945:
3298:
3019:
2124:
2103:
2073:
2066:
1775:
638:
405:
377:
349:
307:
193:
86:
3511:
2963:
2572:
2393:
2344:
1507:
1421:
584:
575:
318:
72:
1088:"Eskom gets green light for temporary bypass of pollution rules at Kusile"
4586:
4581:
4130:
3904:
3659:
2556:
1499:
508:
519:) were also advancing. Their largest contingents took up positions near
4202:
3131:
2669:
1782:
1727:
1587:
1571:
997:
657:, many of the party's members, encouraged by Mangope, left to join the
516:
5405:
5384:
4637:
4632:
2590:
2581:
2512:
1918:
1895:
1884:
631:
530:
That evening, Colonel Antonie Botse was displeased to see AWB leader
524:
369:
361:
336:
326:
321:
4027:
3748:
3500:
3360:
2858:
2503:
1627:
1484:
599:
As the Volksfront and AWB completed their withdrawal, units of the
571:
520:
497:
452:
made the decision to call on outside forces to help restore order.
1110:"How the volk myth died: It took just a few minutes to change the"
368:
administration. The second national unit to reach the status of a
1768:
1139:
512:
413:
appalled at the prospect of their future exclusion from upcoming
736:(1996 ed.). University of Chicago Press. pp. 206–218.
2495:
1651:
1430:
1643:
1034:(1999 ed.). Macmillan Publishers Ltd. pp. 129–130.
374:
998:
Georg Pfeffer & Deepak Kumar Behera (23 February 1997).
1176:
from the original on 14 December 2021 – via YouTube.
1002:(1999 ed.). Concept Publishing Co. pp. 129–130.
623:, a new political party representing white conservatives.
557:
1364:"Truth and Reconciliation Commission Amnesty Decision"
1032:
Big Men, Little People: The Leaders who Defined Africa
3498:
1419:
903:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 195–196.
5464:
Killings by law enforcement officers in South Africa
1186:
480:
petition to the South African ambassador, Professor
1300:"CROWDS IN BOPHUTHATSWANA WELCOME MANDELA AS HERO"
1108:
1155:"Death of Apartheid: The Whites' Last Stand. 4/6"
1135:"Death of Apartheid: The Whites' Last Stand. 4/6"
5430:
1170:"The Death of Apartheid - The Whites Last Stand"
2209:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
931:. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. p. 79.
871:. Abingdon: Routledge Books. pp. 100–101.
731:
460:On 8 March 1994, the president invited General
306:was a major political crisis which began after
1192:The Bang-Bang Club Snapshots from a Hidden War
1167:
4618:
3484:
1405:
1216:"Bophuthatswana: A Pillar of Apartheid Falls"
1180:
637:After the transition to nonracial democracy,
400:was also considered an illegal organisation.
35:negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
1286:"Mandela: 'A lesson they will never forget'"
1029:
776:"Executions Underscore Bophuthatswana Chaos"
578:) Jacobus Stephanus Uys were driving a blue
1356:
898:
645:in 1997. Party support was confined to the
4625:
4611:
3491:
3477:
1412:
1398:
1063:"WHITES, TROOPS CLASH IN BLACK 'HOMELAND'"
993:
991:
989:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
899:Appiah, Kwame; Gates, Henry Louis (2010).
869:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945
850:"WHITES, TROOPS CLASH IN BLACK 'HOMELAND'"
680:Menyatsoe was granted amnesty by the TRC.
922:
920:
894:
892:
890:
888:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
641:remained active in politics, forming the
3640:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
2282:Reconstruction and Development Programme
1103:
1101:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
804:THE DEATHS IN THE MMABATHO/MAFIKENG AREA
561:
355:
5366:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
5009:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
4183:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
3857:2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis
1878:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
1194:. William Heinemann. pp. 138–140.
986:
954:
926:
821:
5469:Extrajudicial killings in South Africa
5431:
2359:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
1258:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
917:
885:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
712:
511:and the Western Transvaal (especially
4606:
4372:South Kordofan and Blue Nile conflict
4293:2012–2013 Tana River District clashes
3472:
1393:
1098:
1016:
866:
558:Killing of Wolfaardt, Uys, and Fourie
455:
410:negotiations towards ending apartheid
296:67 civilians killed, hundreds wounded
107:Incorporation of Bophuthatswana into
5439:1990s coups d'Ă©tat and coup attempts
1168:ZeroEightyFour (27 September 2012).
1000:Contemporary Society: Social concern
860:
566:Alwyn Wolfaardt pleads for his life.
427:Electoral Commission of South Africa
382:Lekoko la Setshaba sa Bophuthatswana
4462:Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
4413:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
3928:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
2289:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1935:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
1342:
1048:
788:
671:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
472:(from 1976 to 1980) and the entire
13:
4170:Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
3712:Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
1320:"UCDP expects to do well in polls"
1234:"72 days that shaped South Africa"
664:
500:Air Force Base early on 11 March.
14:
5510:
4407:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
4110:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
3441:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
3076:South African Party (Cape Colony)
1378:
1338:United Christian Democratic Party
643:United Christian Democratic Party
437:
95:re-incorporated into South Africa
5474:Events associated with apartheid
5412:
5411:
4640:, and attempted coups since 1991
4237:2006–2009 Ethiopian intervention
3453:
3452:
1123:from the original on 1 May 2022.
611:Immediately after the incident,
415:South African national elections
261:
251:
242:
220:
209:
198:
187:
166:
152:
140:
126:
41:
31:internal resistance to apartheid
5489:1990s massacres in South Africa
5256:Central African Republic (2021)
5150:Central African Republic (2013)
4964:Central African Republic (2003)
4944:Central African Republic (2001)
4650:List of coups and coup attempts
4254:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
3090:South African Party (1977–1980)
3083:South African Party (1911–1934)
2999:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2796:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1330:
1312:
1292:
1278:
1252:
1226:
1208:
1161:
1147:
1127:
1080:
945:
822:Jeffrey, Anthea (15 May 2019).
615:, resigned as co-leader of the
542:, journalist and member of the
2408:2019 service delivery protests
2394:#FeesMustFall student protests
2139:1983 constitutional referendum
1259:Keller, Bill (13 March 1994).
842:
815:
768:
750:
1:
4555:2014 Lesotho political crisis
4512:RENAMO insurgency (2013–2021)
3675:Communal conflicts in Nigeria
2866:Johannesburg Reform Committee
2095:Israel–South Africa Agreement
1488:
1473:
1450:
1443:
1030:Alec Russell (October 2000).
732:Allister Sparks (July 1996).
705:
5449:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
5321:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (2022)
4984:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (2003)
4823:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (1995)
4549:SADC intervention in Lesotho
4151:OLA insurgency, 2018–present
4105:Anglophone Crisis (Cameroon)
3862:ECOWAS military intervention
3582:2011–2014 factional violence
2521:Black Consciousness Movement
2275:Government of National Unity
1157:– via www.youtube.com.
828:. Jonathan Ball Publishers.
606:
466:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
346:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
7:
5499:March 1994 events in Africa
5494:White nationalist terrorism
5479:Wars involving South Africa
4226:Puntland–Somaliland dispute
4081:Insurgency in Northern Chad
2232:Saint James Church massacre
2118:Weapons of mass destruction
683:
601:South African Defence Force
505:South African Defence Force
490:South African Defence Force
474:South African Defence Force
10:
5515:
4517:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
4338:Abyei conflict (2022–2023)
4193:Benishangul-Gumuz conflict
4058:Djotodia period, 2013–2014
3869:Western Togoland Rebellion
1972:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1850:South West Africa campaign
1749:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1714:French Huguenot settlement
391:
304:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
24:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
5379:
5243:
5087:
4901:
4670:
4645:
4569:
4526:
4498:
4489:
4428:
4399:
4354:Second Sudanese Civil War
4346:
4308:
4262:
4218:
4138:
4129:
4097:
4068:
4037:
3997:
3914:
3891:
3882:
3831:
3805:
3779:
3758:
3721:
3667:
3658:
3626:
3597:
3559:
3519:
3510:
3450:
3427:African National Congress
3416:
3322:
3155:
2887:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
2610:
2601:
2459:
2255:
2225:1992 apartheid referendum
1894:
1839:
1758:
1696:
1669:
1662:
1428:
1385:Tebbutt Commission report
1220:Christian Science Monitor
977:"The End of an Absurdity"
690:1987 Transkei coup d'Ă©tat
432:
398:African National Congress
360:A product of territorial
295:
271:
235:
180:
118:
85:Removal and abolition of
55:
40:
28:
23:
5004:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
4457:2008 invasion of Anjouan
4053:Civil War (2012–present)
4022:Pool Department conflict
2880:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2873:Labour Party (1910–1958)
2429:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
2387:#RhodesMustFall protests
1986:1960 republic referendum
4452:Hanish Islands conflict
3988:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
3839:Guinea-Bissau Civil War
3681:Herder–farmer conflicts
3605:Western Sahara conflict
3325:terrorist organisations
2415:2019 Johannesburg riots
2028:Constructive engagement
1993:International isolation
1811:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
927:Cawthra, Gavin (1997).
695:1990 Ciskei coup d'Ă©tat
404:'s release in 1990 and
47:Map of Bophuthatswana (
5418:Plots and conspiracies
4924:Solomon Islands (2000)
4275:Somali–Kenyan conflict
4164:Second Afar insurgency
3771:Sierra Leone Civil War
2338:Attack on Kennedy Road
1949:Congress of the People
1540:South African Republic
901:Encyclopedia of Africa
867:Lentz, Harris (1996).
700:1990 Venda coup d'Ă©tat
567:
181:Commanders and leaders
51:) within South Africa.
16:Crisis in South Africa
4788:Bophuthatswana (1994)
4534:Bophuthatswana crisis
4198:Oromia–Somali clashes
4116:Boko Haram insurgency
4076:Civil War (2005–2010)
3693:Boko Haram insurgency
3616:Clashes, 2020–present
2908:Natal Indian Congress
2628:Afrikaner Broederbond
2482:Afrikaner nationalism
2268:1994 general election
2239:Bophuthatswana crisis
2132:Church Street bombing
1912:Apartheid legislation
1905:1948 general election
1825:South Africa Act 1909
1620:Union of South Africa
1440:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1420:Political history of
1190:; Silva Joao (2000).
565:
476:(from 1980 to 1985).
356:Historical background
316:nominally independent
272:Casualties and losses
5444:1994 in South Africa
5361:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
5316:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
5300:Burkina Faso (2022)
5135:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
5110:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
4979:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
4954:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (2002)
4929:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (2001)
4893:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (1999)
4878:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
4506:Mozambican Civil War
4466:Burundian conflicts
4446:Djiboutian Civil War
4158:Insurgency in Ogaden
3786:Liberian Civil Wars
3699:Niger Delta conflict
2542:Greater South Africa
2380:2014 platinum strike
2246:Shell House massacre
2174:Transkei coup d'Ă©tat
1979:Sharpeville massacre
1742:Battle of Blaauwberg
1735:Battle of Muizenberg
1687:Battle of Salt River
1470:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1261:"A Homeland's Agony"
1240:on 24 September 2015
809:3 March 2016 at the
675:Eugene Terre'Blanche
617:Afrikaner Volksfront
532:Eugene Terre'Blanche
332:non-racial elections
285:4 killed, 11 wounded
227:Eugène Terre'Blanche
147:Afrikaner Volksfront
5356:Sierra Leone (2023)
5351:Burkina Faso (2023)
5205:Burkina Faso (2016)
5195:Burkina Faso (2015)
4959:Burkina Faso (2003)
4738:Sierra Leone (1992)
4703:Georgia (1991–1992)
4693:Soviet Union (1991)
4545:Lesothan conflicts
4470:1993–2005 Civil War
4188:Afar–Somali clashes
3975:2022–2024 offensive
3970:2012–2013 rebellion
3812:Ivorian Civil Wars
3645:Tunisian revolution
3587:2014–2020 civil war
3567:2008 Kufra conflict
3504:conflicts in Africa
3434:Democratic Alliance
2611:Civic and political
2475:Afrikaner Calvinism
2468:African nationalism
2317:African Renaissance
2007:UNSC Resolution 591
1928:Internal resistance
1829:National Convention
1797:Transvaal Civil War
1721:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1604:Orange River Colony
1305:The Washington Post
1067:The Washington Post
762:sabctrc.saha.org.za
659:Democratic Alliance
647:North West Province
482:Tjaart van der Walt
449:Mmabatho University
340:order on 12 March.
310:, the president of
109:North West Province
5054:Philippines (2007)
4974:Philippines (2003)
4592:Colour revolutions
4390:Sudanese civil war
4242:2009–present phase
3982:Batwa–Luba clashes
3851:Casamance conflict
3728:Tuareg rebellions
3688:Religious violence
3634:Algerian Civil War
3550:Terrorism in Egypt
2181:Ciskei coup d'Ă©tat
2000:UN Resolution 1761
1965:Women's March 1956
1818:South African Wars
1804:Mineral Revolution
1265:The New York Times
854:washingtonpost.com
634:" in the country.
580:Mercedes-Benz W108
568:
470:South African Army
456:Attempted takeover
380:, who founded the
5484:Massacres in 1994
5459:Conflicts in 1994
5426:
5425:
5115:Bangladesh (2011)
5100:Madagascar (2010)
5074:Madagascar (2009)
5064:Mauritania (2008)
5044:Madagascar (2006)
5029:Mauritania (2005)
4969:Mauritania (2003)
4858:Bangladesh (1996)
4813:Azerbaijan (1995)
4758:Azerbaijan (1993)
4707:Venezuela (1992)
4600:
4599:
4565:
4564:
4485:
4484:
4436:Rwandan Civil War
4384:Blue Nile clashes
4366:Nomadic conflicts
4322:Nomadic conflicts
4125:
4124:
3964:March 23 Movement
3899:Angolan Civil War
3878:
3877:
3654:
3653:
3466:
3465:
3419:political parties
3412:
3411:
3389:Orde van die Dood
3006:Progressive Party
2712:Congress Alliance
2528:Cape Independence
2460:Political culture
2455:
2454:
2422:COVID-19 pandemic
2352:Marikana massacre
2188:Venda coup d'Ă©tat
1942:Defiance Campaign
1532:Orange Free State
1462:Dutch Cape Colony
1370:on 10 March 2007.
1119:. 13 March 1994.
1116:Independent.co.uk
781:Los Angeles Times
651:National Assembly
419:right to assembly
300:
299:
248:Volksfront: 4,500
114:
113:
5506:
5415:
5414:
4949:Venezuela (2002)
4778:Lithuania (1993)
4753:Guatemala (1993)
4627:
4620:
4613:
4604:
4603:
4540:Caprivi conflict
4496:
4495:
4475:2015–2018 unrest
4281:Likoni massacres
4270:Ethnic conflicts
4232:Somali Civil War
4136:
4135:
3934:Second Congo War
3889:
3888:
3665:
3664:
3544:Post-coup unrest
3538:Sinai insurgency
3517:
3516:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3323:Paramilitary and
3315:
3313:Umkosi Wezintaba
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3158:social movements
3156:Trade unions and
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2677:Boerestaat Party
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2608:
2607:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2560:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2448:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2167:Dakar Conference
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2090:
2088:Israeli alliance
2083:
2076:
2069:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2042:Sporting boycott
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2014:Academic boycott
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1871:Great Depression
1866:
1859:
1857:Maritz rebellion
1852:
1832:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1707:Dutch settlement
1689:
1682:
1680:Bantu migrations
1667:
1666:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1612:Transvaal Colony
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1580:Nieuwe Republiek
1575:
1567:
1559:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1516:Natalia Republic
1511:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1485:Ndwandwe Kingdom
1480:
1478:
1475:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1372:
1371:
1366:. Archived from
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1236:. Archived from
1230:
1224:
1223:
1222:. 14 March 1994.
1212:
1206:
1205:
1188:Marinovich, Greg
1184:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1092:www.bdlive.co.za
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1059:
1046:
1045:
1027:
1014:
1013:
995:
984:
983:
981:
973:
952:
949:
943:
942:
924:
915:
914:
896:
883:
882:
864:
858:
857:
846:
840:
839:
819:
813:
801:
786:
785:
784:. 12 March 1994.
772:
766:
765:
754:
748:
747:
729:
613:Constand Viljoen
527:, respectively.
462:Constand Viljoen
266:
265:
264:
256:
255:
254:
247:
246:
245:
225:
224:
223:
214:
213:
212:
205:Constand Viljoen
203:
202:
201:
192:
191:
172:
170:
169:
157:
156:
155:
145:
144:
143:
132:
130:
129:
57:
56:
45:
21:
20:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5409:
5375:
5239:
5235:Ethiopia (2019)
5215:Zimbabwe (2017)
5185:Yemen (2014–15)
5175:Thailand (2014)
5083:
5079:Honduras (2009)
5039:Thailand (2006)
4914:Paraguay (2000)
4897:
4888:Pakistan (1999)
4863:Cambodia (1997)
4833:Paraguay (1996)
4808:Cambodia (1994)
4688:Thailand (1991)
4666:
4641:
4631:
4601:
4596:
4561:
4522:
4491:Southern Africa
4481:
4424:
4395:
4342:
4327:Ethnic violence
4304:
4299:Baragoi clashes
4258:
4214:
4121:
4093:
4083:(2016–present)
4064:
4039:
4038:Central African
4033:
3999:
3993:
3922:First Congo War
3910:
3874:
3827:
3801:
3775:
3766:Ndogboyosoi War
3754:
3717:
3701:(2003–present)
3677:(1998–present)
3650:
3622:
3607:(1970–present)
3593:
3555:
3533:2011 revolution
3527:Egyptian Crisis
3506:
3497:
3467:
3462:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2824:HNP (Herstigte)
2822:
2817:HNP (Herenigde)
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2635:Afrikaner Party
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2563:
2554:
2549:Honorary whites
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2451:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2310:Soweto bombings
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2111:Soweto Uprising
2109:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2035:Tar Baby Option
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:Freedom Charter
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1835:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1556:Griqualand West
1554:
1548:Griqualand East
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1424:
1418:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1185:
1181:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1049:
1042:
1028:
1017:
1010:
996:
987:
979:
975:
974:
955:
950:
946:
939:
925:
918:
911:
897:
886:
879:
865:
861:
848:
847:
843:
836:
820:
816:
811:Wayback Machine
802:
789:
774:
773:
769:
756:
755:
751:
744:
730:
713:
708:
686:
667:
665:Amnesty hearing
609:
560:
540:Greg Marinovich
503:Meanwhile, the
494:Jan Breytenbach
458:
440:
435:
394:
358:
281:
262:
260:
252:
250:
249:
243:
241:
221:
219:
218:
216:Jan Breytenbach
210:
208:
207:
199:
197:
196:
186:
167:
165:
153:
151:
141:
139:
127:
125:
103:
75:
63:9–11 March 1994
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5512:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5454:Bophuthatswana
5451:
5446:
5441:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5397:
5389:
5387:or its attempt
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5371:Bolivia (2024)
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5283:
5281:Tunisia (2021)
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5261:Myanmar (2021)
5258:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:Burundi (2015)
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5145:Eritrea (2013)
5142:
5137:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:Burundi (2001)
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4909:Ecuador (2000)
4905:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4843:Burundi (1996)
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4803:Liberia (1994)
4800:
4798:Lesotho (1994)
4795:
4790:
4785:
4783:Nigeria (1993)
4780:
4775:
4773:Burundi (1993)
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Algeria (1992)
4740:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4683:Lesotho (1991)
4680:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4570:Related topics
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4543:
4537:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4519:(2017–present)
4514:
4509:
4502:
4500:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4419:Kasese clashes
4416:
4415:(1996–present)
4410:
4409:(1987–present)
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4392:(2023–present)
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4368:(2009–present)
4363:
4357:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4277:(1963–present)
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4228:(1998–present)
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4176:War, 1998–2000
4167:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4146:Oromo conflict
4142:
4140:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:(2009–present)
4113:
4112:(1987–present)
4107:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4087:2021 offensive
4078:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3961:
3960:(2009–present)
3958:Ituri conflict
3955:
3952:Dongo conflict
3949:
3948:(2004–present)
3943:
3940:Ituri conflict
3937:
3931:
3930:(1996–present)
3925:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3907:(1975–present)
3902:
3895:
3893:
3886:
3884:Central Africa
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3871:(2020–present)
3866:
3865:
3864:
3854:
3853:(1982–present)
3848:
3845:Guinea clashes
3842:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:(2012–present)
3746:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3714:(2021–present)
3709:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3695:(2009–present)
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3637:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3611:War, 1975–1991
3601:
3599:
3598:Western Sahara
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:2011 civil war
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:(2013–present)
3547:
3541:
3540:(2011–present)
3535:
3530:
3523:
3521:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3382:Ossewabrandwag
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3125:Unionist Party
3121:
3114:
3107:
3104:Torch Commando
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2978:Orde Boerevolk
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2754:DP (1989–2000)
2750:
2747:DP (1973–1977)
2743:
2740:Dominion Party
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2621:Afrikaner Bond
2616:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2535:Day of the Vow
2531:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2303:Floor crossing
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2218:Bisho massacre
2214:
2213:
2212:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2160:Operation Vula
2156:
2153:Rubicon speech
2149:
2146:Langa massacre
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1864:Rand Rebellion
1860:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1790:Boer Republics
1786:
1779:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1636:Bophuthatswana
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1596:Klein Vrystaat
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1458:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1379:External links
1377:
1374:
1373:
1355:
1341:
1329:
1311:
1291:
1277:
1251:
1225:
1207:
1200:
1179:
1160:
1146:
1126:
1097:
1079:
1047:
1041:978-0814775424
1040:
1015:
1008:
985:
953:
944:
938:978-0312174194
937:
916:
910:978-0195337709
909:
884:
878:978-1884964442
877:
859:
841:
834:
814:
787:
767:
749:
743:978-0226768557
742:
710:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
685:
682:
666:
663:
627:Nelson Mandela
608:
605:
559:
556:
544:Bang-Bang Club
457:
454:
439:
438:General strike
436:
434:
431:
408:'s subsequent
402:Nelson Mandela
393:
390:
357:
354:
324:created under
312:Bophuthatswana
298:
297:
293:
292:
286:
274:
273:
269:
268:
258:
238:
237:
233:
232:
229:
183:
182:
178:
177:
163:
162:
161:
149:
134:Bophuthatswana
121:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
105:
99:
98:
97:
96:
93:Bophuthatswana
90:
81:
77:
76:
71:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
38:
37:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5511:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5419:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:Gambia (2022)
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:Sudan (2021)
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5276:Guinea (2021)
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5200:Turkey (2016)
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5180:Gambia (2014)
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Guinea (2008)
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:Zambia (1997)
4871:
4869:
4868:Turkey (1997)
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4828:Guinea (1996)
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:Gambia (1994)
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:Russia (1993)
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:War on terror
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4378:Heglig Crisis
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4360:War in Darfur
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4316:Heglig Crisis
4314:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4287:Kenyan crisis
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4208:War in Amhara
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3946:Kivu conflict
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
3804:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3705:2016 conflict
3703:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:Libyan crisis
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:Die Spoorbund
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3154:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:Workers Party
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:Radio Freedom
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2971:Oranjewerkers
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:organisations
2609:
2606:
2604:organisations
2600:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:Tshwane riots
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:Project Coast
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:Mafeje affair
2101:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:Durban Moment
2071:
2068:
2067:Rivonia Trial
2064:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:Disinvestment
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1776:1820 Settlers
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1486:
1482:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1201:0-434-00733-1
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1009:81-7022-737-2
1005:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
978:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
948:
940:
934:
930:
923:
921:
912:
906:
902:
895:
893:
891:
889:
880:
874:
870:
863:
855:
851:
845:
837:
835:9781868429974
831:
827:
826:
818:
812:
808:
805:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
783:
782:
777:
771:
763:
759:
753:
745:
739:
735:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
711:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
681:
678:
676:
672:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Lucas Mangope
635:
633:
628:
624:
622:
621:Freedom Front
618:
614:
604:
602:
597:
593:
590:
586:
581:
577:
573:
564:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
485:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
453:
450:
444:
430:
428:
422:
420:
416:
411:
407:
406:F.W. de Klerk
403:
399:
389:
385:
383:
379:
378:Lucas Mangope
376:
371:
367:
363:
353:
351:
350:minority rule
347:
341:
338:
333:
329:
328:
323:
320:
319:South African
317:
313:
309:
308:Lucas Mangope
305:
294:
290:
287:
284:
279:
276:
275:
270:
259:
240:
239:
234:
230:
228:
217:
206:
195:
194:Lucas Mangope
190:
185:
184:
179:
175:
164:
160:
150:
148:
138:
137:
136:
135:
123:
122:
117:
110:
106:
101:
100:
94:
91:
88:
87:Lucas Mangope
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
44:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5399:
5391:
5383:
5346:Gabon (2023)
5341:Niger (2023)
5336:Sudan (2023)
5266:Niger (2021)
5230:Sudan (2019)
5225:Gabon (2019)
5220:Yemen (2018)
5210:Libya (2016)
5170:Libya (2014)
5165:Libya (2013)
5160:Egypt (2013)
5140:Sudan (2012)
5119:Mali (2012)
5105:Niger (2011)
5095:Niger (2010)
5059:Sudan (2008)
5019:Nepal (2005)
4999:Haiti (2004)
4994:Sudan (2004)
4939:Haiti (2001)
4883:Niger (1999)
4853:Qatar (1996)
4848:Niger (1996)
4818:Qatar (1995)
4787:
4768:Libya (1993)
4748:Sudan (1992)
4722:Peru (1992)
4698:Haiti (1991)
4533:
4438: /
4172:(2000–2018)
4000:of the Congo
3759:Sierra Leone
3512:North Africa
3457:
3417:Histories of
3118:United Party
3027:Reform Party
2964:Orangia Unie
2589:
2580:
2573:Swart gevaar
2571:
2555:
2511:
2502:
2443:
2345:Blikkiesdorp
2238:
1671:Pre-colonial
1524:Natal Colony
1508:Zulu Kingdom
1422:South Africa
1368:the original
1358:
1344:
1332:
1324:sabcnews.com
1323:
1314:
1303:
1294:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:the original
1228:
1219:
1210:
1191:
1182:
1163:
1149:
1138:
1129:
1114:
1091:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1066:
1031:
999:
947:
928:
900:
868:
862:
853:
844:
825:People's War
824:
817:
779:
770:
761:
752:
733:
679:
668:
636:
625:
610:
598:
594:
585:Naboomspruit
576:Field Cornet
569:
552:
537:
529:
502:
486:
478:
459:
445:
441:
423:
395:
386:
381:
359:
342:
325:
303:
301:
288:
282:
277:
124:
119:Belligerents
73:South Africa
48:
29:Part of the
18:
5400:Successful
5326:Peru (2022)
5271:Mali (2021)
5251:Mali (2020)
5155:Chad (2013)
5049:Fiji (2006)
5034:Chad (2006)
5024:Togo (2005)
5014:Peru (2005)
4989:Chad (2004)
4919:Fiji (2000)
4838:Iraq (1996)
4678:Mali (1991)
4587:Arab Winter
4582:Arab Spring
4551:(1998–1999)
4542:(1994–1999)
4508:(1977–1992)
4448:(1991–1994)
4442:(1990–1994)
4386:(2022–2023)
4374:(2011–2020)
4362:(2003–2020)
4356:(1983–2005)
4334:(2013–2020)
4309:South Sudan
4295:(2012–2013)
4289:(2007–2008)
4166:(1995–2018)
4160:(1994–2018)
4131:East Africa
4049:(2004–2007)
4030:(2016–2017)
4024:(2002–2003)
4006:Civil wars
3990:(2016–2019)
3984:(2013–2018)
3942:(1999–2007)
3936:(1998–2003)
3924:(1996–1997)
3905:Cabinda War
3901:(1975–2002)
3841:(1998–1999)
3660:West Africa
3647:(2010–2011)
3636:(1991–2002)
3546:(2013–2014)
3529:(2011–2014)
2557:Rooi gevaar
2436:2021 unrest
2366:Nkandlagate
2195:Third Force
2056:Rugby union
1654:(1981–1994)
1646:(1979–1994)
1638:(1977–1994)
1630:(1976–1994)
1622:(1910–1961)
1614:(1902–1910)
1606:(1902–1910)
1598:(1886–1891)
1590:(1885–1887)
1582:(1884–1888)
1574:(1882–1885)
1566:(1882–1883)
1558:(1870–1873)
1550:(1861–1879)
1542:(1856–1902)
1534:(1854–1902)
1526:(1843–1910)
1518:(1839–1843)
1510:(1816–1897)
1502:(1795–1910)
1500:Cape Colony
1492: 1780
1477: 1780
1464:(1652–1806)
1454: 1220
1447: 1075
1072:22 February
632:toy tyrants
509:Ventersdorp
366:Nationalist
278:Volksfront:
102:Territorial
5433:Categories
5410:See also:
4660:since 2010
4655:by country
4638:self-coups
4499:Mozambique
4203:Tigray war
3368:Greyshirts
3132:Volksparty
2670:Black Sash
2331:Xenophobia
2324:Travelgate
2081:Border War
1885:Bantustans
1783:Great Trek
1728:Xhosa Wars
1588:Upingtonia
1572:Stellaland
706:References
517:Rustenburg
267:BDF: 5,000
5406:self-coup
5385:Self-coup
5309:September
5289:September
4332:Civil War
4015:1997–1999
4010:1993–1994
3966:conflict
3821:2010–2011
3816:2002–2007
3795:1999–2003
3790:1989–1996
3737:2007–2009
3732:1990–1995
2591:Volkstaat
2582:Uitlander
2513:Boerehaat
2489:Anarchism
2296:Arms Deal
2259:apartheid
1919:Pass laws
1896:Apartheid
1841:1910–1948
1760:1815–1910
1698:1652–1815
607:Aftermath
525:Rooigrond
370:bantustan
362:apartheid
337:Afrikaner
327:apartheid
322:bantustan
176:mutineers
89:'s regime
4731:November
4716:November
4711:February
4440:genocide
4139:Ethiopia
4047:Bush War
4040:Republic
4028:Pool War
3998:Republic
3915:DR Congo
3749:Mali War
3501:Cold War
3459:Category
3361:Boeremag
2859:Jeugkrag
2810:Het Volk
2504:Baasskap
2446:incident
2049:Olympics
1628:Transkei
1431:polities
1429:Defunct
1270:29 April
1244:17 April
1174:Archived
1121:Archived
807:Archived
684:See also
572:Mafikeng
521:Mafikeng
498:Mmabatho
492:Colonel
280:1 killed
257:AWB: 600
236:Strength
68:Location
33:and the
5395:attempt
5304:January
5294:October
4219:Somalia
3780:Liberia
3668:Nigeria
3264:SAAPAWU
2602:Defunct
2565:Slavery
1769:Mfecane
1140:YouTube
655:in 2014
513:Witbank
392:Prelude
231:Unknown
104:changes
5416:
4536:(1994)
4527:Others
4429:Others
4421:(2016)
4400:Uganda
4380:(2012)
4318:(2012)
4301:(2012)
4283:(1997)
4247:AMISOM
4098:Others
3954:(2009)
3892:Angola
3847:(2013)
3832:Others
3627:Others
3215:FOSATU
3069:SAYRCO
3041:SADECO
2957:Occupy
2496:Azania
2444:Lady R
2373:Racism
2202:CODESA
1663:Events
1652:Ciskei
1564:Goshen
1494:–1819)
1479:–1817)
1198:
1038:
1006:
935:
907:
875:
832:
740:
548:kaffir
433:Events
171:
131:
80:Result
5244:2020s
5128:April
5123:March
5088:2010s
4902:2000s
4726:April
4671:1990s
4634:Coups
4347:Sudan
4263:Kenya
3560:Libya
3520:Egypt
3499:Post–
3396:PAGAD
3292:SATUC
3285:SARHU
3271:SACTU
3250:NURHS
3208:FNETU
3194:CTSWU
3187:CNETU
3180:BLATU
3062:SAYCO
2950:NUSAS
2831:IDASA
2642:AITUP
2257:Post-
1644:Venda
980:(PDF)
375:Kgosi
5402:coup
5393:Coup
4069:Chad
3742:2012
3722:Mali
3403:SANF
3333:APLA
3278:SAIF
3257:PAWE
3243:NEUM
3236:MUSA
3201:FCWU
3146:WOSA
3097:TNIP
3055:SASO
3048:SAIC
3034:SABP
2985:PAVN
2719:COSG
2698:CTEG
2691:CNIP
1336:See
1272:2009
1246:2014
1196:ISBN
1074:2024
1036:ISBN
1004:ISBN
933:ISBN
905:ISBN
873:ISBN
830:ISBN
738:ISBN
523:and
515:and
314:, a
302:The
291:None
289:BDF:
283:AWB:
60:Date
5404:or
3354:BBB
3347:AWB
3340:ARM
3306:UDF
3229:IWW
3222:ICU
3173:BCM
3166:APF
3111:UFP
3013:PRP
2992:PFP
2943:NRP
2936:NPP
2922:NNP
2915:NLP
2901:NCP
2852:ISL
2803:GNP
2775:ECC
2768:DSM
2761:DPP
2733:DLF
2705:COD
2684:CDA
2663:BPC
2656:AVF
2649:APO
174:BDF
159:AWB
49:red
5435::
4636:,
3375:MK
2929:NP
2894:NA
2845:IP
2838:ID
2789:FD
2782:FA
2726:CP
1489:c.
1474:c.
1451:c.
1444:c.
1322:.
1302:.
1263:.
1218:.
1172:.
1137:.
1113:.
1100:^
1090:.
1065:.
1050:^
1018:^
988:^
956:^
919:^
887:^
852:.
790:^
778:.
760:.
714:^
589:R4
421:.
352:.
4626:e
4619:t
4612:v
3492:e
3485:t
3478:v
1831:)
1827:(
1487:(
1472:(
1456:)
1449:–
1442:(
1413:e
1406:t
1399:v
1352:.
1326:.
1308:.
1288:.
1274:.
1248:.
1204:.
1143:.
1094:.
1076:.
1044:.
1012:.
982:.
941:.
913:.
881:.
856:.
838:.
764:.
746:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
