Knowledge

1997 in science

Source 📝

1422: 1408: 1587:
Kuro-o, Makoto; Matsumura, Yutaka; Aizawa, Hiroki; Kawaguchi, Hiroshi; Suga, Tatsuo; Utsugi, Toshihiro; Ohyama, Yoshio; Kurabayashi, Masahiko; Kaname, Tadashi; Kume, Eisuke; Iwasaki, Hitoshi; Iida, Akihiro; Shiraki-Iida, Takako; Nishikawa, Satoshi; Nagai, Ryozo; Nabeshima, Yo-Ichi (1997). "Mutation
293: 644:
March 14 – The widely cited 1973 John/Joan study of gender reassignment of a twin boy who lost his penis to a botched circumcision is exposed as fraudulent. The supposedly successful outcome for "Joan" reported by
313: 267: 1692: 1645: 1573: 853: 1487:
Harrington, J. J.; et al. (1997). "Formation of de novo centromeres and construction of first-generation human artificial microchromosomes".
272: 430: 653:) was in fact deeply unhappy and had returned to his original gender by the age of 15, thus indicating the exact opposite thesis. 1469: 1232: 1213: 989: 810: 800: 1442: 546: 389: 382: 1842: 745:
grand master in a match. Deep Blue has defeated Kasparov before, but has never previously won a match against him.
1220: 730: 366: 508: 423: 350: 885: 704:
in the second known case where all seven babies are born alive, and the first in which all survive infancy.
597: 553: 657: 594: 1847: 1322: 416: 396: 288: 36: 1837: 1296: 1055: 972: 782: 580: 515: 161: 51: 30: 872: 649:
had been cited as proof that gender was determined by nurture, yet the patient (later revealed as
1786: 483: 345: 1690:
Maldacena, Juan (1998). "The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity".
1161: 1013: 963: 955: 868: 857: 806: 479: 1377: 1127: 774: 403: 1711: 1676: 1597: 1149: 701: 672: 302: 184: 8: 1362: 1292: 993: 984: 967: 839: 561: 329: 251: 179: 1715: 1601: 1768: 1701: 1621: 1555: 1512: 1085: 1077: 893: 376: 371: 199: 189: 1760: 1664: 1613: 1504: 1228: 1004: 903: 753: 1807: 1772: 1750: 1719: 1654: 1625: 1605: 1559: 1545: 1536: 1516: 1496: 1239: 931: 814: 697: 690: 611: 539: 1659: 1640: 1672: 1392: 1381: 1366: 1355: 1344: 1337: 1326: 1307: 1288: 1273: 1258: 1243: 1224: 1205: 1190: 1172: 1153: 1138: 1134: 1123: 1119: 1104: 1081: 1066: 1044: 1009: 899: 676: 627: 619: 523: 501: 236: 231: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 122: 117: 112: 100: 95: 90: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 1723: 1427: 1269: 1176: 1100: 1093: 1089: 1070: 980: 738: 683: 472: 1831: 1668: 1333: 1277: 1247: 1186: 1040: 976: 734: 638: 211: 194: 1764: 1413: 1351: 1315: 1284: 1209: 1168: 1026: 1000: 936: 828: 650: 634: 1617: 1532:"Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field" 1508: 1303: 1254: 1201: 1062: 950: 834: 749: 535: 174: 686:
and colleagues publish their discovery of carbon transfer between trees.
1755: 1706: 1500: 1370: 1179: 1108: 959: 889: 719: 715: 668: 646: 493: 451: 1421: 1388: 1341: 1311: 1262: 1194: 1157: 1142: 1048: 917: 497: 1738: 577: 464: 1609: 1550: 1531: 916:
October 15 – The first supersonic land speed record is set by the
500:, strikes the Earth for 80 seconds, providing early evidence that 1588:
of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing".
1051: 722:
as a consultant after the company purchases his software startup
623: 446: 1787:"Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020" 1407: 756: 566: 1586: 1069:), Swiss-American microelectronics engineer, developer of the 1112: 742: 615: 1384:), English physicist, expert in electronic military defence. 861: 778: 723: 528: 679:
placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
664: 573: 468: 1126:), Chinese-American nuclear physicist, winner of the 1470:"Sexual Identity Not Pliable After All, Report Says" 1403: 803:
is first applied in an international cricket match.
457: 572:October 30 – First successful test flight of the 1829: 1693:Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 1646:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 454:involved many significant events, listed below. 789:). At least are 1,567 killed and 2,300 injured. 693:, a gene involved in human aging, is reported. 614:, Scotland, scientists announce that an adult 854:High Resolution Fly's Eye Cosmic Ray Detector 663:July 10 – In London, scientists report their 478:February 13 – Tune-up and repair work on the 424: 1486: 879: 431: 417: 1754: 1739:"Immunotherapy: past, present and future" 1705: 1689: 1658: 1549: 637:bars federal funding for any research on 18:Overview of the events of 1997 in science 1530:Simard, Suzanne W.; et al. (1997). 1736: 593:September 7 – First test flight of the 1830: 1529: 1467: 1314:, co-developer of the first practical 741:, the first time a computer defeats a 346:Environment and environmental sciences 1638: 1233:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1214:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 856:(HiRes) is built and operated on the 656:April 25 – Scientists announce that 1808:"E.M. Purcell | American physicist" 1329:), American historian of astronomy. 934:" first broadcast as an episode of 708: 471:payload shortly after liftoff from 13: 633:March 4 – United States President 482:is started by astronauts from the 14: 1859: 1641:"The fundamental lemma for Sp(4)" 1468:Angier, Natalie (14 March 1997). 1443:"1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned" 763: 700:, Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to 390:List of open letters by academics 383:Timeline of cosmological theories 1420: 1406: 504:occur well beyond the Milky Way. 1800: 1779: 902:demonstrates the effect of the 821: 559:October 15 – Launch of 10-year 458:Astronomy and space exploration 1789:. Nobel Foundation. 2020-10-05 1730: 1683: 1632: 1580: 1566: 1523: 1480: 1461: 1435: 793: 689:November 6 – The discovery of 1: 1660:10.1090/S0002-9939-97-03546-6 1399: 920:team from the United Kingdom. 910: 838:footprints are identified at 496:, a highly luminous flash of 397:History of technology by type 294:Governance and policy studies 1276:), French supercentenarian, 886:Food and Drug Administration 801:Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method 658:human artificial chromosomes 598:fifth-generation jet fighter 463:January 17 – Explosion of a 322:Extraterrestrial environment 7: 1737:Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). 1010:Wollaston Medal for Geology 671:skeleton which support the 595:Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor 587: 467:rocket carrying a military 268:Sustainable energy research 10: 1864: 1724:10.4310/ATMP.1998.v2.n2.a1 846: 809:verifies the proof of the 604: 1639:Hales, Thomas C. (1997). 1395:), Turkish mathematician. 1092:known for his studies of 1033: 1019: 944: 924: 842:, by Christopher Jackson. 667:analysis findings from a 404:List of science timelines 273:Transportation technology 1358:), British psychologist. 1297:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1056:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 581:expendable launch system 527:lands on the surface of 31:List of years in science 1843:20th century in science 1812:Encyclopedia Britannica 880:Physiology and medicine 338:Terrestrial environment 1574:"Gladstone Institutes" 1265:and neurophysiologist. 1162:Nobel Prize in Physics 1014:Douglas James Shearman 964:Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 869:AdS/CFT correspondence 858:Dugway Proving Grounds 807:Thomas Callister Hales 622:has been successfully 534:August 25 – Launch of 509:Complete solar eclipse 480:Hubble Space Telescope 1280:in confirmed history. 1128:Wolf Prize in Physics 940:in the United States. 873:Juan Martín Maldacena 626:and was born in July 547:Partial solar eclipse 516:Partial lunar eclipse 314:Dinosaurs' extinction 1323:Helen Wright Greuter 1150:Edward Mills Purcell 1084:), English-American 673:out of Africa theory 1716:1998AdTMP...2..231M 1602:1997Natur.390...45K 1363:Karl August Folkers 1293:molecular biologist 994:Stanley B. Prusiner 985:Jens Christian Skou 968:William D. Phillips 840:Ardley, Oxfordshire 748:September 15 – The 554:Total lunar eclipse 367:Birding/ornithology 1756:10.1038/nm0303-269 1501:10.1038/ng0497-345 1474:The New York Times 1449:. 22 February 1997 1086:plant physiologist 1078:Kenneth V. Thimann 894:humanized antibody 783:Mercalli intensity 769:May 10 – The 7.3 M 660:have been created. 1544:(6642): 579–582. 1229:neurophysiologist 1005:Douglas Engelbart 904:hepatitis C virus 811:fundamental lemma 754:web search engine 696:November 19 – In 610:February 22 – In 441: 440: 218: 217: 43: 42: 1855: 1848:1990s in science 1823: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1758: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1709: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1662: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1553: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1439: 1430: 1425: 1424: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1295:, winner of the 1283:August 23 – Sir 1240:Jacques Cousteau 1231:, winner of the 1212:, winner of the 1160:, winner of the 1111:, discoverer of 1054:, winner of the 932:Lisa the Skeptic 799:January 1 – The 775:Qayen earthquake 709:Computer science 698:Des Moines, Iowa 540:Explorer program 502:gamma-ray bursts 433: 426: 419: 351:Tornado research 220: 219: 25: 24: 21: 20: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1838:1997 in science 1828: 1827: 1826: 1816: 1814: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1792: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1743:Nature Medicine 1735: 1731: 1688: 1684: 1637: 1633: 1596:(6655): 45–51. 1585: 1581: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1528: 1524: 1489:Nature Genetics 1485: 1481: 1466: 1462: 1452: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1426: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1402: 1345:psychotherapist 1221:Sir John Eccles 1135:Robert H. Dicke 1120:Chien-Shiung Wu 1036: 1022: 947: 930:November 23 – " 927: 913: 900:Charles M. Rice 882: 860:in the western 849: 824: 813:over the group 796: 781:with a maximum 777:shakes eastern 772: 766: 711: 677:human evolution 607: 590: 562:Cassini–Huygens 524:Mars Pathfinder 460: 437: 281:Social sciences 239: 234: 224:1997 in science 209: 166: 125: 87: 19: 12: 11: 5: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1825: 1824: 1799: 1778: 1749:(3): 269–277. 1729: 1707:hep-th/9711200 1700:(2): 231–252. 1682: 1653:(1): 301–308. 1631: 1579: 1565: 1522: 1479: 1460: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1428:Science portal 1417: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1387:December 26 – 1385: 1376:December 17 – 1374: 1359: 1350:September 4 – 1348: 1332:September 2 – 1330: 1319: 1300: 1281: 1270:Jeanne Calment 1266: 1251: 1236: 1227:), Australian 1217: 1198: 1183: 1165: 1146: 1131: 1118:February 16 – 1116: 1101:Clyde Tombaugh 1097: 1094:plant hormones 1090:microbiologist 1074: 1071:planar process 1059: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1007: 998: 997: 996: 987: 981:John E. Walker 970: 946: 943: 942: 941: 926: 923: 922: 921: 912: 909: 908: 907: 897: 881: 878: 877: 876: 867:November 27 – 865: 848: 845: 844: 843: 823: 820: 819: 818: 804: 795: 792: 791: 790: 770: 765: 764:Earth sciences 762: 761: 760: 759:is registered. 746: 739:Garry Kasparov 727: 710: 707: 706: 705: 694: 687: 684:Suzanne Simard 680: 661: 654: 642: 631: 606: 603: 602: 601: 589: 586: 585: 584: 570: 565:spacecraft to 557: 550: 545:September 2 – 543: 542:of spacecraft. 532: 519: 512: 505: 492:February 27 – 490: 484:Space Shuttle 476: 473:Cape Canaveral 459: 456: 439: 438: 436: 435: 428: 421: 413: 410: 409: 408: 407: 400: 393: 386: 379: 374: 369: 361: 360: 356: 355: 354: 353: 348: 340: 339: 335: 334: 333: 332: 324: 323: 319: 318: 317: 316: 308: 307: 299: 298: 297: 296: 291: 283: 282: 278: 277: 276: 275: 270: 262: 261: 257: 256: 255: 254: 246: 245: 241: 240: 235: 230: 227: 226: 216: 215: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 171: 168: 167: 165: 164: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 120: 115: 110: 103: 98: 93: 88: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 48: 45: 44: 41: 40: 33: 28: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1860: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1788: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1635: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1610:10.1038/36285 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1583: 1575: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1551:10.1038/41557 1547: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1495:(4): 345–55. 1494: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1464: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1409: 1404: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361:December 9 – 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1334:Viktor Frankl 1331: 1328: 1324: 1321:October 23 – 1320: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1278:oldest person 1275: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1248:oceanographer 1245: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187:Georgi Shonin 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1099:January 17 – 1098: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1076:January 15 – 1075: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1061:January 12 – 1060: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041:Melvin Calvin 1038: 1037: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1002: 999: 995: 991: 988: 986: 982: 978: 977:Paul D. Boyer 974: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 954: 953: 952: 949: 948: 939: 938: 933: 929: 928: 919: 915: 914: 905: 901: 898: 895: 891: 887: 884: 883: 874: 870: 866: 863: 859: 855: 851: 850: 841: 837: 836: 831: 830: 826: 825: 816: 812: 808: 805: 802: 798: 797: 788: 784: 780: 776: 768: 767: 758: 755: 751: 747: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 725: 721: 717: 714:February 7 – 713: 712: 703: 699: 695: 692: 688: 685: 681: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 659: 655: 652: 648: 643: 640: 639:human cloning 636: 632: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 608: 599: 596: 592: 591: 582: 579: 575: 571: 568: 564: 563: 558: 555: 551: 548: 544: 541: 537: 533: 530: 526: 525: 520: 517: 513: 510: 506: 503: 499: 495: 491: 488: 487: 481: 477: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461: 455: 453: 449: 448: 434: 429: 427: 422: 420: 415: 414: 412: 411: 406: 405: 401: 399: 398: 394: 392: 391: 387: 385: 384: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 364: 363: 362: 359:Other/related 358: 357: 352: 349: 347: 344: 343: 342: 341: 337: 336: 331: 328: 327: 326: 325: 321: 320: 315: 312: 311: 310: 309: 306: 305: 301: 300: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 285: 284: 280: 279: 274: 271: 269: 266: 265: 264: 263: 259: 258: 253: 250: 249: 248: 247: 243: 242: 238: 233: 229: 228: 225: 222: 221: 214: 213: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 170: 169: 163: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 108: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 50: 49: 47: 46: 38: 34: 32: 29: 27: 26: 23: 22: 16: 1815:. Retrieved 1811: 1802: 1791:. Retrieved 1781: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1650: 1644: 1634: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1568: 1541: 1535: 1525: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1473: 1463: 1451:. Retrieved 1446: 1437: 1414:1990s portal 1369:), American 1352:Hans Eysenck 1316:atomic clock 1302:August 24 – 1285:John Kendrew 1210:physiologist 1208:), American 1169:Norman Pirie 1156:), American 1141:), American 1107:), American 1039:January 8 – 1027:Jack Andraka 1025:January 8 – 1001:Turing Award 951:Nobel Prizes 937:The Simpsons 935: 896:therapeutic. 892:, the first 888:approval of 871:proposed by 833: 829:Megalosaurus 827: 822:Paleontology 786: 651:David Reimer 635:Bill Clinton 560: 552:September – 522: 485: 444: 442: 402: 395: 388: 381: 304:Paleontology 303: 223: 210: 204: 185:Architecture 106: 105: 15: 1453:20 February 1378:R. V. Jones 1310:), English 1304:Louis Essen 1291:), English 1268:August 4 – 1261:), English 1255:J. Z. Young 1202:George Wald 1200:April 12 – 1167:March 29 – 1063:Jean Hoerni 835:Cetiosaurus 794:Mathematics 750:domain name 718:returns to 536:Explorer 71 514:March 24 – 330:Spaceflight 252:Archaeology 180:Archaeology 1832:Categories 1793:2020-10-05 1400:References 1371:biochemist 1246:), French 1238:June 25 – 1185:April 7 – 1180:virologist 1148:March 7 – 1133:March 4 – 1109:astronomer 1029:, American 960:Steven Chu 911:Technology 890:daclizumab 720:Apple Inc. 716:Steve Jobs 702:septuplets 669:Neandertal 647:John Money 507:March 8 – 498:gamma rays 494:GRB 970228 452:technology 377:Philosophy 372:Literature 289:Psychology 260:Technology 200:Philosophy 190:Literature 1669:0002-9939 1389:Cahit Arf 1312:physicist 1263:zoologist 1253:July 4 – 1195:cosmonaut 1158:physicist 1143:physicist 973:Chemistry 918:ThrustSSC 735:Deep Blue 729:May 11 – 682:August – 521:July 4 – 486:Discovery 443:The year 1765:12612576 1447:BBC News 1342:Austrian 1219:May 2 – 1049:American 990:Medicine 773:  752:for the 737:defeats 588:Aviation 578:Ariane 5 465:Delta II 445:1997 in 1773:9745527 1712:Bibcode 1677:1346977 1626:4428141 1618:9363890 1598:Bibcode 1560:4423207 1517:9150827 1509:9090378 1177:British 1052:chemist 956:Physics 864:desert. 847:Physics 787:Extreme 605:Biology 538:of the 447:science 205:Science 1817:17 May 1771:  1763:  1675:  1667:  1624:  1616:  1590:Nature 1558:  1537:Nature 1515:  1507:  1034:Deaths 1020:Births 945:Awards 925:Events 852:May – 785:of X ( 757:Google 691:klotho 624:cloned 618:named 612:Roslin 567:Saturn 244:Fields 1769:S2CID 1702:arXiv 1622:S2CID 1556:S2CID 1513:S2CID 1113:Pluto 815:Sp(4) 743:chess 620:Dolly 616:sheep 195:Music 37:table 1819:2021 1761:PMID 1665:ISSN 1614:PMID 1505:PMID 1455:2018 1393:1910 1391:(b. 1382:1911 1380:(b. 1367:1906 1365:(b. 1356:1916 1354:(b. 1338:1905 1336:(b. 1327:1914 1325:(b. 1308:1908 1306:(b. 1289:1917 1287:(b. 1274:1875 1272:(b. 1259:1907 1257:(b. 1244:1910 1242:(b. 1225:1903 1223:(b. 1206:1906 1204:(b. 1191:1935 1189:(b. 1173:1907 1171:(b. 1154:1912 1152:(b. 1139:1916 1137:(b. 1124:1912 1122:(b. 1105:1906 1103:(b. 1088:and 1082:1904 1080:(b. 1067:1924 1065:(b. 1045:1911 1043:(b. 862:Utah 832:and 779:Iran 724:NeXT 628:1996 529:Mars 450:and 237:1998 232:1996 212:+... 159:2007 154:2006 149:2005 144:2004 139:2003 134:2002 129:2001 123:2000 118:1999 113:1998 107:1997 101:1996 96:1995 91:1994 85:1993 80:1992 75:1991 70:1990 65:1989 60:1988 55:1987 1751:doi 1720:doi 1655:doi 1651:125 1606:doi 1594:390 1546:doi 1542:388 1497:doi 1340:), 1193:), 1175:), 1047:), 733:'s 731:IBM 675:of 665:DNA 576:'s 574:ESA 469:GPS 175:Art 1834:: 1810:. 1767:. 1759:. 1745:. 1741:. 1718:. 1710:. 1696:. 1673:MR 1671:. 1663:. 1649:. 1643:. 1620:. 1612:. 1604:. 1592:. 1554:. 1540:. 1534:. 1511:. 1503:. 1493:15 1491:. 1472:. 1445:. 1012:– 1003:– 992:– 983:, 979:, 975:– 966:, 962:, 958:– 39:) 1821:. 1796:. 1775:. 1753:: 1747:9 1726:. 1722:: 1714:: 1704:: 1698:2 1679:. 1657:: 1628:. 1608:: 1600:: 1576:. 1562:. 1548:: 1519:. 1499:: 1476:. 1457:. 1373:. 1347:. 1318:. 1299:. 1250:. 1235:. 1216:. 1197:. 1182:. 1164:. 1145:. 1130:. 1115:. 1096:. 1073:. 1058:. 906:. 875:. 817:. 771:w 726:. 641:. 630:. 600:. 583:. 569:. 556:. 549:. 531:. 518:. 511:. 489:. 475:. 432:e 425:t 418:v 162:… 52:… 35:(

Index

List of years in science
table

1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

Art
Archaeology
Architecture
Literature
Music

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.