674:, on a "squadron frontage in three lines" 300–500 yd (270–460 m) apart, with the 4th Light Horse Regiment to launch a "pure cavalry" charge, the troopers advancing with bayonets in their hands. Advancing over 6,600 yd (6,000 m), the light horsemen were subjected to rifle and machine-gun fire and artillery bombardment from the flanks and trenches to their front. Supporting artillery helped suppress the machine-gun fire from the flanks, and the speed of the charge made it difficult for the Ottoman gunners to adjust their range. The Ottoman trenches were not protected with wire and after jumping over the trenches, the light horsemen dismounted and hand-to-hand fighting followed. While most of the 4th Light Horse and some of the 12th Light Horse dismounted, the remainder stayed mounted, continuing their charge into the town. The British official historian claims "more than half the dismounted troops in the town were captured or killed," while 15 of the 28 guns in the town were captured by the Desert Mounted Corps and XX Corps. Over 700 Ottoman soldiers were captured and, more significantly for the Australians, over 400,000 litres of water secured. In achieving this, the 12th lost 24 men killed and 15 wounded; 44 horses were also killed, while another 60 were wounded or became sick.
642:. Assigned the task of attacking the Atawineh Redoubt early in the morning of 19 April, the regiment dismounted about 2 mi (3.5 km) from it and advanced on foot. Initially, they made good progress and captured a ridge about 1 mi (1.8 km) from their objective without even firing a shot. As the defensive fire grew more intense, the men were forced to the ground and began fire and movement drills. Spread thinly across a 1,000 yd (900 m) front with just 500 men, the 12th was dangerously exposed as machine-gun fire began to inflict casualties, checking the Australians' advance. Nevertheless, the regiment held its position throughout the day until being withdrawn to a nearby hill that night, by which time it had suffered more than 30 percent casualties. These included the commanding officer, McIntosh, who was gravely wounded and subsequently died of his wounds. He was replaced by the second-in-command, Major Donald Cameron, who was later promoted to lieutenant colonel.
817:. Initially, the operation met with success, and although two of the 12th's squadrons met strong resistance and were stopped at the bridge on the Es Salt track, the village was secured by dusk on 30 April by troops of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade. Throughout the night, the 4th Light Horse Brigade assumed defensive positions: the 12th in the centre with the 4th on their left and the 11th on their right. The following day, they were confronted by a force of around 4,000 Ottoman infantry along the Es Salt track, while another force of 1,000 infantry and 500 cavalry were further south, ready to force a second crossing. After coming under attack, and finding themselves hard pressed, the 4th Light Horse Brigade was forced back to the south, exposing the rear of the troops holding Es Salt. Over the course of next few days little progress was made by the British Empire troops and, despite the arrival of reinforcements, the commander of the operation, Lieutenant General
884:
mounted charge that was checked just short of the objective, and one squadron from the 12th advanced along the left flank on horseback, while the other squadrons attempted to draw fire. Once close enough, the squadron from the 12th dismounted and attacked with their bayonets, which forced most of the defenders out of the village, except the
Germans defending the fortified railway station house. At this point, the defenders raised a white flag of truce, and as several Australians from the 11th and 12th Light Horse advanced to take their surrender, the Germans manning the station killed them. The Australians then attacked, clearing the building, and later refused to bury the German dead, which amounted to 98, leaving their bodies to be looted by villagers. In the battle, the regiment lost one man killed and 10 wounded; losses suffered by the horses amounted to 61 killed and 27 injured.
749:
to stay there for one night and as a result most of the cold weather equipment had been left behind. Nevertheless, the stay was extended and as winter came to Judea, heavy rain set in and the temperature dropped. Redoubts were established along the front for shelter, while the men also took to caves in the hills briefly to escape the elements, although these were soon abandoned when they were found to contain lice. On 11 December, the 4th Light Horse
Brigade, having been relieved by the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, was withdrawn back to Khed Daty, where they became the Australian Mounted Division's reserve formation. On 28 December, the brigade advanced to the Jurdeh–Kuddis–Nalin line to hold ground that had been captured as part of the advance on Jerusalem, and the 12th established itself at Kuddis.
401:
904:. Forming up with the 4th on their left, the regiment attacked across a maize field towards a spur near the Jebel es Aswad, advancing on a position that they believed was strongly held. In the end, the defenders did not fire a shot before withdrawing and the Australians took the position without suffering a casualty, capturing 12 machine-guns and taking 22 prisoners. The 12th then spent the night south-west of the city and the following day, 1 October 1918, it was one of the first Australian units to enter Damascus, sending patrols in ahead of the main advance. A period of guard duty followed before the regiment was withdrawn to the city's outskirts, suffering heavily from illness. Shortly after this, on 30 October, while the regiment was moving towards
574:
737:
841:
654:
218:
733:, but after moving to Abu Shushen where they dismounted, the regiment was recalled to Junction Station. From there, the following day amidst heavy rain they moved to Deiran. Three days later, the 12th encamped at Mejdel for a week of rest along with the majority of the Australian Mounted Division. After a brief respite, as the 4th Light Horse Brigade was sent to El Burj to relieve British forces there, the 12th went into reserve; the horses were sent back to Deiran, and dismounted patrols and reconnaissance parties were sent out.
860:, 37 mi (60 km) behind the original Ottoman front line. There the regiment rested again until midday before making for Keikur Beidas; encountering a number of surrendering Ottoman troops along the way, it arrived there in the afternoon but halted only briefly before continuing on to the mouth of the Plain of Esdraelon, where they bivouacked for the night. The next morning, the regiment moved to support the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, which had taken between 8,000 and 9,000 prisoners during the
729:, a reconnaissance patrol to Et Tine found it had been evacuated and the 12th occupied the town. In doing so, they secured a water source and a quantity of supplies, although a large amount of equipment was lost to a fire that had been set by the withdrawing garrison. The 12th then took up an observation position at El Dhenebbe to support the British flank before moving to Wadi Menakh on 18 November to water their horses. They were then ordered to launch an attack around Latron during the
1039:. During this period a process of mechanisation resulted in the last of the light horse units giving up their horses. Throughout 1943, the Australian Army was faced with a manpower shortage and as the Japanese threat to mainland Australia decreased many Militia armoured units were broken up and their personnel sent to other units as reinforcements. As a result, the regiment was disbanded on 19 October 1943, having only undertaken garrison duty within Australia.
1001:. In re-forming, the regiment drew lineage from the Citizens Forces' 12th (New England) Light Horse, which had existed parallel to the AIF light horse regiment and had remained in Australia during the war. This regiment, through a complex series of reorganisations, traced its lineage to the 6th Australian Light Horse Regiment, which had been raised in 1903 and perpetuated units that had contributed personnel to fight in South Africa during the Boer War.
31:
618:
12th Light Horse
Regiments to cameleers; however, it did not occur. In late October, the 12th were sent to the rear to rest, arriving at the railhead at El Ferdan on the Suez. 'A' Squadron established itself there, while 'B' and 'C' Squadrons and the Machine-Gun Section were sent to Ferry Post. During this time they undertook frequent patrols, with 'A' Squadron permanently detaching a troop to Badar Mahadat.
630:. Assigned to the brigade along with the 4th and 11th Light Horse Regiments, the regiment's time of operating as a detached unit came to an end; they officially readopted the designation of 12th Light Horse Regiment at this time. For the next month they undertook training exercises before joining the advance into Palestine, while some men from the regiment were also detached to join
670:. During this battle, along with the 4th Light Horse Regiment, the 12th Light Horse carried out a successful mounted charge, advancing over open ground late in the afternoon to get under the Ottoman guns and capture the town and its vital water supplies. Late in the afternoon, the 12th Light Horse Regiment advanced, according to historian
748:
to the north of
Jerusalem. Supported by artillery, the regiment advanced and on 6 December established itself along the Khed–Daty–Kureisnneh line. Upon arrival, they moved into a defensive position about 900 yd (800 m) from Ottoman positions. Initially, it had only been planned for the unit
1030:
Amidst the austerity of the inter-war years, the regiment remained in existence until 1 October 1936 when it was merged with the 24th (Gwydir) Light Horse to form the 12th/24th Light Horse. These two units were later delinked in 1938 as the
Militia was expanded following increased political tensions
581:
Later that month, the 12th were relieved at
Dueidar and moved back to Heliopolis. While there, Lieutenant Colonel Harold McIntosh took command of the regiment following Royston's elevation to temporary commander of the 2nd Light Horse Brigade. On 27 July the regiment, without its machine-gun section
1210:
A previous 12th Light Horse
Regiment had been formed in Tasmania in 1903, although that unit is not a predecessor of the 12th Light Horse Regiment that was raised during the First World War. The Tasmainan unit re-designated as the 26th Light Horse in 1912, and subsequently contributed a squadron to
645:
The day after the attack, the 12th Light Horse
Regiment dug-in and sent out patrols in preparation for a possible Ottoman counterattack. Although they were harassed throughout the day with sniper fire, the attack never came. After three days they were withdrawn back to Shaquth, where they worked to
501:
For the remainder of the campaign, about 600 men from the regiment – including a batch of reinforcements that arrived in early
October – carried out mainly defensive duties before leaving with the last Australian troops to be evacuated from the peninsula on 20 December. They did not take
930:
restrictions, the decision was made that the horses would not be returned to
Australia, but that they would be sold to the British Indian Army for further service, or to local Egyptians. According to Hollis, though, many were also put down by the troopers due to concerns they might be mistreated.
883:
before rejoining the division's advance to Tiberias. It was still dark when the advancing Australians came under heavy rifle and machine-gun fire from German and Ottoman positions near the railway station about 0.9 mi (1.5 km) away. In response, the 11th Light Horse Regiment conducted a
617:
In early October, while at Mageibra, the regiment received orders that they were to be remounted on camels and be re-designated as the "2nd Australian Camel Regiment", but largely the regiment continued to refer to itself by its old designation. This was due to a plan to convert both the 11th and
381:
Following this, the regiment undertook basic training including weapons handling, ceremonial drill, mounted and dismounted tactics and regimental manoeuvres. In late April, they marched through the centre of Sydney as part of a farewell before deploying overseas. On 11 June, after the brigade had
613:
rather than a full attack. Within this plan, the 12th was allocated the task of advancing on the right flank during the attack. They proceeded to advance across the open ground on their horses, before dismounting to ascend towards the high ground. As the Ottoman fire increased, the 12th provided
665:
followed, during which time the regiment, along with the rest of the brigade, rotated between the forward position at Fara and other positions in support and reserve at Kukhari and Marakeb as preparations were made for a future offensive. The regiment's next major action came in October 1917.
929:
area. As the situation was resolved, the regiment handed back its stores and equipment in preparation for repatriation back to Australia and most of their horses were transferred to the Australian Remount Depot at Moascar. Due to concerns about costs, availability of shipping and quarantine
457:
had resulted in heavy casualties for the Australians and further reinforcements were required. As a result, the regiments of the 4th Light Horse Brigade were broken up to make up the losses in the other brigades. The troops were not initially informed of this, and following a train trip to
288:
based in New South Wales. It remained in existence throughout the inter-war years until it was amalgamated with the 24th Light Horse Regiment in 1936 as a result of manpower shortages. The 12th Light Horse Regiment was re-formed in 1938 and undertook garrison duties in Australia during the
887:
The regiment then moved towards the high ground on the western side of the Jordan River. Mid-morning on 25 September they reached El Menarah. In the afternoon, after the garrison was seen to withdraw, they advanced in concert with a number of armoured cars and at 3:00 pm the regiment
393:, South Australia, where the regiment disembarked their horses due to concerns about death rates among horses travelling at that time of year. The men continued on their journey three days later, undertaking rifle and signals training on deck during the day. They crossed the
646:
improve defences and conducted patrols for the next fortnight before dispatching two squadrons in early May to attack an Ottoman foraging party at Esani. The attack proved unsuccessful, as the Australians' approach was spotted, allowing the Ottomans and their
416:
attack was expected. They were briefly put ashore during this time and conducted a reconnaissance to the frontier, before undertaking a 6 mi (9.7 km) route march. The expected attack did not come and on 18 July the regiment re-embarked, arriving at
681:, and the regiment remained at Beersheba for four days to receive remounts. Gaza fell in early November and, as Ottoman forces fell back, the British Empire troops followed them in pursuit. The 12th advanced further into Palestine as part of the plan to
522:
as its divisional light horse regiment; however, it was decided to reduce the size of divisional light horse components to a squadron, and the 12th were removed from the 5th Division's order of battle. Although other units, such as part of the
1008:, along with the 15th and 16th Light Horse Regiments. In 1927, when territorial designations were adopted, the 12th Light Horse Regiment became known as the "New England Light Horse". At the same time, the regiment adopted the motto of
824:
Throughout May the regiment constructed defences around Musallabeh in temperatures as high as 50 °C (122 °F), and flies, scorpions, spiders and snakes also infested the regiment's camp. Many men from the 12th became sick with
813:. The regiment's role in the raid was to advance up the eastern side of the Jordan River to capture a crossing 19 mi (31 km) to the north of Es Salt at Jisr ed Damieh to stop Ottoman reinforcements being sent to Es Salt from
614:
covering fire with machine-guns and rifles while the 11th came forward using their bayonets to clear the defenders from the forward position. The light horsemen were then ordered to withdraw, instead of assaulting the main position.
482:, and later that afternoon received the news that they were to be broken up and distributed among the other New South Wales light horse regiments that were already ashore. The Machine-Gun Section and 'A' Squadron were sent to the
566:, two squadrons were dispatched. Delayed by a navigational error, and suffering from heat, the regiment arrived in some disorder. After this, they began work on constructing defences, while one squadron was detached to garrison
752:
In early in January 1918, the regiment received orders to move to Belah, on the coast near Gaza. For the next three months they undertook training there. In March, the 4th Light Horse Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General
1242:
This list differs from that of Hollis who details the regiment's battle honours as: South Africa 1899–1900, Suvla, Sari Bair, Gallipoli 1915, Nebi, Samwill, Jerusalem, Jordan (Es Salt), Megiddo, Sharon, Damascus, Palestine
502:
part in any large-scale battles, but were involved in fighting off a number of sharp attacks. The exact number of casualties suffered is not known, but 18 men from the regiment are known to have been killed in this time.
920:
Following the end of the war, the 12th Light Horse Regiment remained in the Middle East for a number of months, during which time, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Phillip Chambers, they were used to suppress the
293:, having been converted first to a motor regiment and then to an armoured car regiment. It was disbanded in 1943 without having seen action and was never re-raised. Its honours and traditions are perpetuated in the
879:. From there, in the early hours of 25 September, the 12th Light Horse Regiment, along with the rest of the brigade and one regiment from the 5th Light Horse Brigade, departed to conduct a dawn attack during the
3039:. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part I. A.F. Becke (maps). London: HM Stationery Office.
949:
on 17 August 1919. There the men were granted a brief period of leave before the ship continued on to Sydney. After stops at Adelaide and Melbourne, they arrived on 28 August, and the regiment was disbanded.
693:
around Khurbet Buteihah, but was forced to halt their charge and dismount amidst artillery and machine-gun fire as their horses needed water. The following day, the 12th was sent to Beit Hanun to contact the
378:. They mainly fought dismounted, using their horses to obtain mobility that foot soldiers did not possess, but they could also conduct certain cavalry roles, such as scouting and screening, while mounted.
3256:
781:
made some progress on the flank, the regiment's involvement in the attack was called off due to heavy resistance and the 12th, along with the rest of the 4th Light Horse Brigade, was sent to the
510:
Following their evacuation from Gallipoli, the regiment was reconstituted on 22 February 1916 when all three squadrons assembled at Heliopolis. Under a new commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel
710:. On 10 November, the 12th provided support to the 11th Light Horse Regiment when they came under attack at Hill 248 by a strong Ottoman counterattack, which was turned back. After moving on to
429:, after receiving a draft of 54 reinforcements and about 350 replacement horses, the regiment began a period of intense training and guard duties as they acclimatised to the local conditions.
518:
who had replaced Abbott after the latter had been sent to England – the regiment began to re-form. At the time of re-forming, it had been intended that the 12th would be assigned to the
761:
who, according to author Kenneth Hollis, likened the "snap and automatic precision" of their ceremonial drill to "a battalion of Grenadiers". The following month they moved to Selmeh, near
494:
around "Holly Spur" and "Lone Pine", becoming their 'D' Squadron. The Regimental Headquarters was absorbed by the 3rd Light Horse Brigade's headquarters, while Abbott took command of the
1042:
When Australia's part-time military force was reformed in 1948 as the Citizens Military Force, the regiment was not re-raised in its own right, although an amalgamated unit known as the
1035:, the 12th Light Horse was converted to a motor regiment, known as the 12th Motor Regiment. In September 1942, it was redesignated the 12th Armoured Car Regiment, and assigned to the
993:
was reorganised to replicate the numerical designations of the AIF units and perpetuate their honours and traditions. As a result, the 12th Light Horse Regiment was re-raised in the
848:
The regiment departed Ludd on 18 September, taking up camp near Jaffa. Before dawn the next morning, the regiment led the Australian Mounted Division's advance towards Semakh and
821:, decided that it was necessary to withdraw from the position on 3 May. The regiment crossed the Jordan and two days later had returned to its previous positions around Jericho.
609:
on an Ottoman position 37 mi (60 km) away. Upon arrival, after discovering that the Ottoman force was greater than expected, Dallas decided to limit the operation to a
1277:
and commanded the 2nd Light Horse Brigade temporarily, before taking command of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, leading them until October 1917 when he returned to South Africa.
3672:
175:
598:. During this fighting, the 12th Light Horse Regiment provided flank protection, carrying out patrols, and was not directly engaged except for its machine-gun section.
3667:
2868:
1252:
Following the end of the war, Abbott resumed command of the regiment after it was re-raised as a part-time Citizens Forces unit, remaining in command until 1929.
562:
and on 14 May, a British garrison was attacked at Dueidar, about 9 mi (15 km) away from the regiment's positions at Hill 70. Tasked with relieving the
1136:
806:
3273:
1108:
833:, where the climate was more bearable. In late June, the regiment manned defences in the Jordan Valley before being sent to a camp among the olive groves at
809:, which was undertaken as part of a plan to capture the village so it could be used as a staging point for a further advance towards the railway junction at
871:, the regiment was tasked with escorting 5,000 prisoners to El Lejjun before moving to Jisr ed Mejamie, along the Jordan River near its confluence with the
601:
In early September, the regiment moved to Bayoud where they were attached to a British column along with the 11th Light Horse Regiment, a regiment from the
284:
In 1921, as part of a re-organisation of Australia's military following the disbandment of the AIF, the regiment was re-raised as a part-time unit of the
2928:
Bou, Jean (2007). "Cavalry, Firepower, and Swords: The Australian Light Horse and the Tactical Lessons of Cavalry Operations in Palestine, 1916–1918".
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and reduced training opportunities resulted in a decline in the number of volunteers and consequently a number units were disbanded or amalgamated.
1023:
government in 1929–30, compulsory service ended and the Citizens Force was replaced with the all-volunteer "Militia". The economic hardships of the
837:
in early August. While there, the regiment received cavalry training and was issued swords, along with the rest of the Australian Mounted Division.
3441:
1233:
Inherited through predecessor units, having been originally awarded in 1908 to the 6th Australian Light Horse Regiment (New England Light Horse).
583:
3348:
3264:. Land Warfare Studies Centre Study Papers. Vol. Study Paper No. 307. Duntroon, Australian Capital Territory: Land Warfare Studies Centre.
577:
Men and horses from the 12th Light Horse Regiment rest at Mahadat, Sinai, in September 1916 following the conclusion of fighting around Romani.
657:
Photograph claimed to be of the charge of the 4th Light Horse Brigade at Beersheba, although it may be a re-enactment taken in February 1918.
3413:
531:, the 12th, along with the bulk of the Australian light horse units, were to remain in the Middle East, where they would take part in the
677:
The success at Beersheba significantly reduced Ottoman resistance, but heavy fighting continued around Gaza and elsewhere, including the
3102:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VII (10th ed.). Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson.
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During the war, the regiment lost 67 men killed and 401 men wounded. Members of the regiment received the following decorations: three
591:
3677:
892:, capturing 200 German and Ottoman troops and a large amount of stores. From there, on 27 September, they began the final advance to
3662:
2845:
626:
In early 1917, the 4th Light Horse Brigade was reconstituted at Ferry Post on 13 February under the command of Brigadier General
606:
840:
981:
for their involvement in the fighting around Beersheba. The awards were never approved and instead they both received the DSO.
3613:
3593:
3588:
3563:
3538:
3361:
3315:
3164:
3145:
3083:
3061:
3003:
2984:
1012:("Fortune is the Companion of Valour"). Initially, the strength of part-time units was maintained through both voluntary and
715:
495:
339:
335:
3558:
3533:
3528:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3434:
1212:
1169:
587:
524:
491:
487:
483:
343:
2872:
1224:
These figures differ slightly from those provided by the Australian War Memorial, which lists: 53 killed and 401 wounded.
2821:
896:, crossing the Jordan River and, early the following day, established a divisional bridgehead around Et Min during the
3293:
3186:
3022:
1036:
400:
695:
408:
On 11 July, the 4th Light Horse Brigade received orders to interrupt its journey to Egypt and instead disembark at
770:
3618:
3427:
1005:
786:
662:
319:
242:
3230:
1043:
294:
1273:
upon the outbreak of the First World War. After commanding the 12th Light Horse, Royston attained the rank of
900:. On 30 September, about 9 mi (15 km) from their objective, the 12th, along with the 4th, mounted a
994:
1265:
and later commanded the Western Australian Mounted Infantry during the Boer War. Later he served during the
1116:
1046:
was established. Through this unit the 12th Light Horse Regiment's honours and traditions are perpetuated.
977:. Two members of the regiment, Major Eric Hyman and Major Cuthbert Fetherstonhaugh, were nominated for the
946:
690:
686:
532:
254:
150:
714:
the next day, one of the regiment's squadrons received heavy fire while providing flank protection to the
573:
3641:
966:
954:
922:
782:
703:
558:
and a position known as "Hill 70". The following month, Ottoman forces clashed with positions around the
528:
315:
278:
3197:
1148:
1132:
1120:
897:
682:
678:
667:
311:
274:
266:
262:
195:
170:
155:
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by train, they marched the rest of the way. In early August, Ottoman forces launched an attack in the
362:. Armed usually with standard infantry weapons instead of swords or lances, and mounted on Australian
1013:
998:
422:
390:
3398:
3367:
1140:
778:
610:
555:
519:
270:
180:
2979:. Australian Army Campaign Series # 7. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Army History Unit.
666:
Conceived as part of an attack towards the Jerusalem to Jaffa line, the regiment took part in the
3579:
3549:
3519:
3489:
3459:
990:
974:
925:. During the uprising, the 12th carried out security operations to protect infrastructure in the
868:
864:. They also sent out patrols to the outlying villages and hills and established signal stations.
754:
627:
602:
450:
446:
442:
331:
285:
102:
736:
3636:
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The Desert Mounted Corps: An Account of the Cavalry Operations in Palestine and Syria 1917–1918
1124:
1059:
1020:
726:
605:, and an artillery battery. Under the command of Major General A.G. Dallas, they carried out a
367:
347:
160:
74:
765:, to support the attack on the Ottoman position that had been established around Jiljulah and
1128:
933:
Mid-morning on 22 July the 12th Light Horse Regiment's personnel embarked upon the transport
730:
639:
563:
165:
2528:
3209:
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at "Ryrie's Post", adopting the designation of 'D' Squadron; and 'C' Squadron went to the
8:
1104:
909:
889:
486:
around "Walker's Ridge", becoming that regiment's 'B' Squadron; 'B' Squadron went to the
454:
143:
3326:
3386:
2963:
1262:
1161:
1096:
938:
830:
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551:
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in the early afternoon on 5 July; a short time later an epidemic of measles broke out.
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250:
133:
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Mechanising An Army: Mechanisation Policy and the Conversion of Light Horse, 1920–1940
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1504:
1502:
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1490:
1274:
1270:
1066:
758:
211:
653:
3604:
2945:
2937:
2908:
1144:
1112:
1100:
1032:
1024:
901:
880:
861:
689:, the regiment joined the 11th Light Horse Regiment in an attack in support of the
595:
375:
351:
290:
190:
185:
138:
84:
3204:. Vol. 11. Melbourne, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. pp. 472–473.
3097:
2889:"AWM 4 10/17/12: February to December 1916 (12th Australian Light Horse Regiment)"
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234:
128:
64:
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Thunder of the Hooves: A History of 12 Australian Light Horse Regiment 1915–1919
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970:
962:
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258:
217:
112:
3140:. Vol. 7. Melbourne, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. pp. 2–3.
3037:
Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War
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and all of the 13th Light Horse Regiment, were sent to Europe to fight on the
453:
had already been sent to the peninsula as reinforcements; however, the failed
3656:
3344:
3269:
3240:
3179:
Australian Armour: A History of the Royal Australian Armoured Corps 1927–1972
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The Interplay Between Technology, Tactics and Organisation in the First AIF
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535:. Initially, the regiment was not brigaded and served as a detached unit.
3419:
3124:
3032:
363:
1215:
during the war and was later re-raised as the 22nd Light Horse Regiment.
2552:
867:
On 22 September, following the 4th Light Horse Brigade's relief by the
543:
475:
459:
2950:
2820:
1518:
702:, where they captured a number of Ottoman troops before rejoining the
3159:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications.
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699:
383:
277:. In the aftermath of the war, the regiment was used to suppress the
582:
which had been detached to the 2nd Light Horse Brigade, was sent to
346:. Upon establishment, the regiment had an authorised strength of 25
1261:
Royston was a South African-born officer who had fought during the
926:
893:
849:
766:
559:
1862:
1802:
3078:(3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
3017:(1st ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
3015:
Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopedia of Australia's Battles
2134:
2132:
857:
826:
790:
719:
647:
474:. Early on the morning of 29 August, the regiment went ashore at
394:
371:
327:
310:
The 12th Light Horse Regiment was established on 1 March 1915 at
2936:(1). Lexington, Virginia: Society for Military History: 99–125.
2516:
744:
In early December, the 12th relieved the Scots Fusiliers in the
30:
3350:
Broken Lineage: The Australian Army's Heritage of Discontinuity
3099:
The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918
942:
814:
711:
635:
2620:
2129:
2117:
1838:
856:
where they rested until midnight. The 12th then trotted on to
740:
Horses from the 12th Light Horse Regiment drink at Beersheba.
354:, who were organised into a regimental headquarters and three
1790:
1350:
810:
774:
762:
426:
404:
Members of the 12th Light Horse training at Holsworthy, 1915.
359:
3286:
The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001
1054:
The 12th Light Horse Regiment held the following alliances:
2723:
1160:
The following is a list of the 12th Light Horse Regiment's
905:
546:
along a new railway that was being constructed through the
418:
409:
370:
regiments performed several roles and were similar to both
2867:
2798:
2711:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2408:
1886:
1616:
2786:
1898:
1290:
984:
834:
2998:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
2776:
2774:
2699:
2321:
1814:
1417:
1415:
1413:
322:(AIF), which was raised for service overseas during the
2913:
Australian Imperial Force Unit War Diaries, 1914–18 War
2893:
Australian Imperial Force Unit War Diaries, 1914–18 War
2747:
2687:
2596:
2567:
2492:
2456:
2420:
2396:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2299:
2297:
2284:
2282:
2161:
2159:
2105:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2030:
2006:
1970:
1778:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1691:
1669:
1667:
1628:
1604:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1529:
1527:
1451:
382:
concentrated, the regiment embarked upon the troopship
342:
and was placed under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
314:, New South Wales, and two days later began forming at
3288:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
3181:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2372:
2183:
2171:
2144:
2093:
1994:
1958:
1922:
1850:
1826:
1742:
1679:
1592:
2771:
2759:
2504:
2480:
1539:
1410:
1302:
590:. After undertaking the first part of the journey to
441:
had developed into a stalemate. The regiments of the
261:, seeing action in several notable battles including
3673:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919
2871:. Australian Light Horse Association. Archived from
2846:"Cuthbert Murchison Fetherstonhaugh: Victoria Cross"
2735:
2656:
2644:
2632:
2540:
2468:
2444:
2432:
2384:
2357:
2333:
2294:
2279:
2267:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2156:
2081:
2054:
2018:
1982:
1946:
1934:
1910:
1754:
1715:
1664:
1652:
1580:
1568:
1551:
1524:
1475:
1463:
1439:
1362:
2668:
2535:
Australian War Memorial – Victoria Cross Nomination
1640:
1427:
1398:
1386:
1004:During this time, the regiment was assigned to the
789:by British Empire forces. Taking up positions near
2309:
2255:
1874:
1766:
1374:
1326:
1314:
650:workers to withdraw before they could be engaged.
330:New South Wales, the regiment was assigned to the
3668:Military units and formations established in 1915
2996:Light Horse: A History of Australia's Mounted Arm
1338:
462:on 25 August they embarked upon the transport SS
3654:
3216:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
2608:
829:and other conditions, before they were moved to
698:, before searching for water around Sin Sin and
3310:. Sydney, New South Wales: Hachette Australia.
3012:
2138:
2123:
1868:
1844:
1808:
1182:Lieutenant Colonel Harold McIntosh (1916–1917);
997:region of New South Wales and headquartered at
1185:Lieutenant Colonel Donald Cameron (1917–1919);
725:Early on 14 November, in the aftermath of the
570:; in early July they were sent on to Moascar.
389:. After four days steaming, the ship put into
253:as reinforcements, the regiment served in the
35:12th Australian Light Horse Regiment hat badge
3435:
326:. Drawing the majority of its personnel from
3119:. Blackburn, Victoria: W.D. Joynt & Co.
1078:The 12th Light Horse received the following
805:In late April 1918, the regiment joined an
3449:
3442:
3428:
3235:(Masters). University of New South Wales.
3056:. Melbourne, Victoria: Allara Publishing.
1519:Australian War Memorial – 12th Light Horse
1188:Lieutenant Colonel Philip Chambers (1919).
844:Chauvel enters Damascus on 2 October 1918.
638:. In April, the regiment took part in the
538:After conducting infantry training around
29:
2949:
2887:
2828:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1634:
773:that stretched north in the direction of
542:in early April, the regiment crossed the
305:
3254:
3051:
2907:
2717:
2590:
1697:
1308:
839:
735:
652:
572:
399:
3414:The Waler: Australia's Great War Horses
3324:
3283:
3228:
3173:
3092:
2729:
2693:
2602:
2414:
2378:
2189:
2177:
2150:
2099:
2000:
1964:
1928:
1892:
1856:
1832:
1748:
1685:
1622:
1598:
1545:
1421:
1356:
912:came into effect, ending the fighting.
281:, before being disbanded in late 1919.
16:Mounted regiment of the Australian Army
3655:
3154:
2804:
2765:
2753:
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2426:
2402:
2390:
2366:
2351:
2303:
2288:
2273:
2237:
2225:
2201:
2165:
2111:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
1988:
1976:
1952:
1940:
1916:
1784:
1760:
1736:
1724:
1709:
1673:
1658:
1610:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1533:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1332:
1320:
1155:
985:Inter-war years and subsequent service
120:("Fortune is the Companion of Valour")
3423:
3302:
3208:
3195:
3131:
3031:
2792:
2780:
2662:
2638:
2474:
2339:
2327:
2249:
2213:
1904:
1820:
1796:
1031:in Europe. In March 1942, during the
3198:"Royston, John Robinson (1860–1942)"
3114:
3070:
2993:
2974:
2741:
2705:
2681:
2650:
2626:
2546:
1772:
1646:
1344:
1296:
793:, they then sent out patrols to the
3343:
2927:
2853:Honours and Awards (Recommendation)
2614:
2315:
2261:
1880:
852:, moving by day to a position near
800:
13:
3202:Australian Dictionary of Biography
3138:Australian Dictionary of Biography
3134:"Abbott, Percy Phipps (1869–1940)"
3054:The Lineage of the Australian Army
421:on 23 July. Moving into a camp at
14:
3689:
3407:
1073:
554:. Here it was established around
358:, each of which consisted of six
3678:1915 establishments in Australia
2869:"12th/16th Hunter River Lancers"
2826:First World War, 1914–1918 units
1255:
1246:
1236:
1227:
1016:, but after the election of the
945:, the regiment made landfall at
696:Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade
216:
3619:II ANZAC Corps Mounted Regiment
3076:A Military History of Australia
3013:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998).
2930:The Journal of Military History
1218:
1060:The King's Colonials (Yeomanry)
718:as it attacked to the south of
470:where they were transferred to
3663:Mounted regiments of Australia
3331:. London: Constable & Co.
2977:Australia's Palestine Campaign
2562:12th/16th Hunter River Lancers
1204:
1044:12th/16th Hunter River Lancers
915:
295:12th/16th Hunter River Lancers
1:
2813:
318:as part of the all-volunteer
245:(AIF) for service during the
1049:
967:Distinguished Conduct Medals
955:Distinguished Service Orders
687:Battle of Hareira and Sheria
685:. On 7 November, during the
621:
533:Sinai and Palestine campaign
432:
255:Sinai and Palestine campaign
151:Sinai and Palestine campaign
7:
3642:Australian Mounted Division
3115:Hall, Richard John (1968).
2822:"12th Light Horse Regiment"
704:Australian Mounted Division
10:
3694:
3308:The Australian Light Horse
3214:South West Pacific 1941–45
3117:The Australian Light Horse
898:Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub
679:Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe
340:13th Light Horse Regiments
300:
233:was a mounted unit of the
3627:
3614:13th Light Horse Regiment
3602:
3594:15th Light Horse Regiment
3589:14th Light Horse Regiment
3577:
3569:12th Light Horse Regiment
3564:11th Light Horse Regiment
3547:
3539:10th Light Horse Regiment
3517:
3487:
3457:
3325:Preston, Richard (1921).
3052:Festberg, Alfred (1972).
2915:. Australian War Memorial
2895:. Australian War Memorial
2855:. Australian War Memorial
2629:, pp. 125 & 138.
2525:, pp. 100 & 104.
937:at Kantara. Cruising via
607:raid in the Maghara Hills
514: – a veteran of the
496:10th Light Horse Regiment
320:Australian Imperial Force
243:Australian Imperial Force
231:12th Light Horse Regiment
210:
205:
124:
108:
98:
90:
80:
70:
60:
52:
40:
28:
24:12th Light Horse Regiment
23:
3559:4th Light Horse Regiment
3534:9th Light Horse Regiment
3529:8th Light Horse Regiment
3509:7th Light Horse Regiment
3504:6th Light Horse Regiment
3499:5th Light Horse Regiment
3479:3rd Light Horse Regiment
3474:2nd Light Horse Regiment
3469:1st Light Horse Regiment
3284:Palazzo, Albert (2001).
3255:Morrison, James (2006).
3155:Hollis, Kenneth (2008).
1213:3rd Light Horse Regiment
1192:
588:9th Light Horse Regiment
505:
492:6th Light Horse Regiment
488:7th Light Horse Regiment
484:1st Light Horse Regiment
451:3rd Light Horse Brigades
3605:Australian Corps troops
3580:5th Light Horse Brigade
3550:4th Light Horse Brigade
3520:3rd Light Horse Brigade
3490:2nd Light Horse Brigade
3460:1st Light Horse Brigade
1359:, pp. 29 & 39.
869:5th Light Horse Brigade
797:and the river el Auja.
757:, was inspected by the
603:City of London Yeomanry
332:4th Light Horse Brigade
241:in 1915 as part of the
103:4th Light Horse Brigade
3637:ANZAC Mounted Division
3451:Australian Light Horse
3229:Mallett, Ross (1998).
1269:before organising the
1087:South Africa 1899–1900
1065:United Kingdom –
1058:United Kingdom –
1010:Virtutis Fortuna Comes
975:Mentions in Despatches
923:1919 Egyptian Uprising
845:
741:
727:Battle of Mughar Ridge
658:
578:
405:
368:Australian light horse
306:Formation and training
279:1919 Egyptian Uprising
117:Virtutis Fortuna Comes
116:
3356:. Army History Unit.
3132:Hogan, Terry (1979).
2942:10.1353/jmh.2007.0009
1907:, p. 60, Vol. 2.
1037:3rd Armoured Division
843:
739:
731:Battle of Nebi Samwil
656:
640:Second Battle of Gaza
576:
564:Royal Scots Fusiliers
403:
3347:(2 September 2023).
2139:Coulthard-Clark 1998
2124:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1869:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1845:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1809:Coulthard-Clark 1998
267:capture of Jerusalem
249:. After fighting at
3196:Jones, Ian (1988).
2994:Bou, Jean (2010b).
2975:Bou, Jean (2010a).
2807:, pp. 183–188.
2795:, pp. 472–473.
2732:, pp. 125–130.
2708:, pp. 251–254.
2417:, pp. 746–749.
2330:, pp. 435–436.
1895:, pp. 398–400.
1871:, pp. 135–136.
1823:, pp. 318–323.
1811:, pp. 134–135.
1625:, pp. 201–202.
1175:Lieutenant Colonel
1168:Lieutenant Colonel
1164:from 1915 to 1919:
1162:commanding officers
1156:Commanding officers
1117:Palestine 1917–1918
1006:2nd Cavalry Brigade
965:with one Bar; nine
910:Armistice of Mudros
668:Battle of Beersheba
663:period of stalemate
275:capture of Damascus
237:. It was raised in
3416:(2014 documentary)
1263:siege of Ladysmith
1014:compulsory service
846:
742:
659:
579:
439:Gallipoli campaign
406:
134:Gallipoli campaign
3650:
3649:
3363:978-0-642-70822-9
3317:978-0-7336-2272-4
3166:978-0-9803796-5-5
3147:978-0-522-84185-5
3085:978-0-521-69791-0
3063:978-0-85887-024-6
3005:978-0-521-19708-3
2986:978-0-9808100-0-4
2720:, pp. 66–69.
2501:, pp. 95–96.
2465:, pp. 94–95.
2429:, pp. 86–88.
2405:, pp. 84–85.
2354:, pp. 80–81.
2114:, pp. 69–70.
2078:, pp. 67–69.
2051:, pp. 64–65.
2039:, pp. 64–66.
2015:, pp. 63–64.
1979:, pp. 62–63.
1787:, pp. 43–44.
1739:, pp. 38–39.
1712:, pp. 37–38.
1613:, pp. 32–33.
1460:, pp. 10–15.
1275:brigadier general
1271:Natal Light Horse
1067:Royal Scots Greys
969:with one Bar; 14
807:attack on Es Salt
785:, which had been
759:Duke of Connaught
683:capture Jerusalem
224:
223:
212:Unit colour patch
3685:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3373:on 21 March 2011
3372:
3366:. Archived from
3355:
3340:
3321:
3299:
3280:
3279:on 7 March 2016.
3278:
3272:. Archived from
3263:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3225:
3205:
3192:
3170:
3151:
3128:
3111:
3089:
3067:
3048:
3028:
3009:
2990:
2971:
2953:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2850:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2832:on 13 March 2011
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2565:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1137:Jordan (Es Salt)
1033:Second World War
1025:Great Depression
963:Military Crosses
902:charge at Kaukab
890:entered Tiberias
881:Battle of Samakh
862:capture of Jenin
801:Jordan and Syria
596:Battle of Romani
455:August Offensive
376:mounted infantry
291:Second World War
220:
176:Jordan (Es Salt)
85:Mounted infantry
33:
21:
20:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3623:
3598:
3573:
3543:
3513:
3483:
3453:
3448:
3410:
3405:
3394:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3353:
3318:
3296:
3276:
3261:
3245:
3243:
3189:
3175:Hopkins, Ronald
3167:
3148:
3086:
3064:
3025:
3006:
2987:
2918:
2916:
2898:
2896:
2878:
2876:
2875:on 12 June 2010
2858:
2856:
2848:
2835:
2833:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2783:, pp. 2–3.
2779:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2756:, p. viii.
2752:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2680:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2568:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1799:, vol. 2 p. 27.
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1700:, pp. 1–8.
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1517:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:, pp. 2–3.
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1158:
1109:Egypt 1915–1917
1093:First World War
1076:
1052:
987:
971:Military Medals
957:(DSOs) and one
918:
854:Nahr Iskanderun
831:Solomon's Pools
803:
777:. Although the
624:
586:to relieve the
508:
437:Elsewhere, the
435:
334:along with the
324:First World War
308:
303:
247:First World War
239:New South Wales
235:Australian Army
227:
129:First World War
119:
65:Australian Army
47:
45:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3691:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3408:External links
3406:
3404:
3403:
3362:
3345:Stanley, Peter
3341:
3322:
3316:
3300:
3294:
3281:
3252:
3226:
3210:Keogh, Eustace
3206:
3193:
3187:
3171:
3165:
3152:
3146:
3129:
3112:
3094:Gullett, Henry
3090:
3084:
3068:
3062:
3049:
3029:
3023:
3010:
3004:
2991:
2985:
2972:
2925:
2905:
2885:
2865:
2842:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2744:, p. 200.
2734:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2696:, p. 104.
2686:
2667:
2655:
2653:, p. 245.
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2605:, p. 102.
2595:
2566:
2551:
2549:, p. 125.
2539:
2527:
2515:
2513:, p. 111.
2503:
2491:
2489:, p. 114.
2479:
2477:, p. 497.
2467:
2455:
2443:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2381:, p. 736.
2371:
2356:
2344:
2342:, p. 437.
2332:
2320:
2318:, p. 121.
2308:
2293:
2278:
2266:
2264:, p. 119.
2254:
2252:, p. 399.
2242:
2230:
2218:
2216:, p. 397.
2206:
2194:
2192:, p. 619.
2182:
2180:, p. 615.
2170:
2155:
2153:, p. 605.
2143:
2141:, p. 146.
2128:
2126:, p. 145.
2116:
2104:
2102:, p. 186.
2092:
2080:
2068:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2017:
2005:
2003:, p. 473.
1993:
1981:
1969:
1967:, p. 432.
1957:
1945:
1933:
1931:, p. 401.
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1883:, p. 108.
1873:
1861:
1859:, p. 396.
1849:
1847:, p. 135.
1837:
1835:, p. 395.
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1751:, p. 321.
1741:
1729:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1688:, p. 255.
1678:
1663:
1651:
1649:, p. 152.
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1601:, p. 200.
1591:
1579:
1567:
1550:
1538:
1523:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1267:Zulu Rebellion
1254:
1245:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1173:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1121:Gaza–Beersheba
1097:Gallipoli 1915
1090:
1080:battle honours
1075:
1074:Battle honours
1072:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1051:
1048:
991:Citizens Force
986:
983:
979:Victoria Cross
917:
914:
873:Sea of Galilee
802:
799:
623:
620:
507:
504:
466:and sailed to
434:
431:
307:
304:
302:
299:
286:Citizens Force
259:Ottoman Empire
225:
222:
221:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
201:
200:
199:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
148:
147:
146:
141:
126:
122:
121:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3690:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3400:
3388:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3304:Perry, Roland
3301:
3297:
3295:0-19-551507-2
3291:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3188:0-642-99407-2
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:Grey, Jeffrey
3069:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3024:1-86448-611-2
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2854:
2847:
2843:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2768:, p. ii.
2767:
2762:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2718:Morrison 2006
2714:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2684:, p. 60.
2683:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2665:, p. 49.
2664:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2641:, p. 44.
2640:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2593:, p. 47.
2592:
2591:Festberg 1972
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2453:, p. 93.
2452:
2447:
2441:, p. 94.
2440:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2399:
2393:, p. 83.
2392:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2369:, p. 81.
2368:
2363:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2306:, p. 80.
2305:
2300:
2298:
2291:, p. 79.
2290:
2285:
2283:
2276:, p. 78.
2275:
2270:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2240:, p. 77.
2239:
2234:
2228:, p. 76.
2227:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2204:, p. 73.
2203:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2174:
2168:, p. 71.
2167:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2096:
2090:, p. 69.
2089:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2066:, p. 66.
2065:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2027:, p. 64.
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1991:, p. 63.
1990:
1985:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1955:, p. 61.
1954:
1949:
1943:, p. 60.
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1919:, p. 59.
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1775:, p. 56.
1774:
1769:
1763:, p. 42.
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1727:, p. 39.
1726:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1676:, p. 34.
1675:
1670:
1668:
1661:, p. 33.
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1637:, p. 27.
1636:
1635:AWM 4 10/17/2
1631:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1589:, p. 30.
1588:
1583:
1577:, p. 29.
1576:
1571:
1565:, p. 28.
1564:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1548:, p. 63.
1547:
1542:
1536:, p. 26.
1535:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1484:, p. 25.
1483:
1478:
1472:, p. 23.
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1448:, p. 10.
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1424:, p. 54.
1423:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1347:, p. 14.
1346:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1311:, p. 54.
1310:
1309:Festberg 1972
1305:
1299:, Appendix 5.
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
989:In 1921, the
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
924:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
877:Lake Tiberias
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
842:
838:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
819:Harry Chauvel
816:
812:
808:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:Jordan Valley
780:
779:74th Division
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:William Grant
750:
747:
738:
734:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
716:54th Division
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
691:60th Division
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
672:Henry Gullett
669:
664:
655:
651:
649:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:John Meredith
619:
615:
612:
611:demonstration
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Gebel Habeita
575:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
529:Western Front
526:
521:
517:
513:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:Lemnos Island
465:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
430:
428:
424:
420:
415:
411:
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
298:
296:
292:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
226:Military unit
219:
215:
213:
209:
204:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
123:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3628:
3603:
3578:
3568:
3548:
3518:
3488:
3458:
3375:. Retrieved
3368:the original
3349:
3327:
3307:
3285:
3274:the original
3257:
3244:. Retrieved
3231:
3213:
3201:
3178:
3156:
3137:
3116:
3098:
3075:
3053:
3036:
3033:Falls, Cyril
3014:
2995:
2976:
2933:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2912:
2897:. Retrieved
2892:
2877:. Retrieved
2873:the original
2857:. Retrieved
2852:
2834:. Retrieved
2830:the original
2825:
2800:
2788:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2730:Hopkins 1978
2725:
2713:
2701:
2694:Hopkins 1978
2689:
2658:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2603:Palazzo 2001
2598:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2415:Gullett 1941
2410:
2398:
2386:
2379:Gullett 1941
2374:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2311:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2190:Gullett 1941
2185:
2178:Gullett 1941
2173:
2151:Gullett 1941
2146:
2119:
2107:
2100:Preston 1921
2095:
2083:
2071:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
2001:Gullett 1941
1996:
1984:
1972:
1965:Gullett 1941
1960:
1948:
1936:
1929:Gullett 1941
1924:
1912:
1900:
1893:Gullett 1941
1888:
1876:
1864:
1857:Gullett 1941
1852:
1840:
1833:Gullett 1941
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1749:Gullett 1941
1744:
1732:
1705:
1698:AWM4 10/17/3
1693:
1686:Gullett 1941
1681:
1654:
1642:
1630:
1623:Gullett 1941
1618:
1606:
1599:Gullett 1941
1594:
1582:
1570:
1546:Mallett 1998
1541:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1436:, p. 9.
1429:
1422:Gullett 1941
1407:, p. 6.
1400:
1395:, p. 5.
1388:
1383:, p. 4.
1376:
1364:
1357:Gullett 1941
1352:
1340:
1335:, p. 2.
1328:
1323:, p. 1.
1316:
1304:
1292:
1257:
1248:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1206:
1177:John Royston
1170:Percy Abbott
1159:
1129:Nebi Samwill
1092:
1077:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1009:
1003:
988:
952:
934:
932:
919:
886:
866:
847:
823:
804:
771:railway line
751:
746:Judean Hills
743:
724:
676:
660:
644:
632:Dunsterforce
625:
616:
600:
580:
540:Tel-el-Kebir
537:
520:5th Division
512:John Royston
509:
500:
472:Prince Abbas
471:
463:
436:
407:
385:
380:
364:Waler horses
344:Percy Abbott
309:
283:
257:against the
230:
228:
166:Nebi Samwill
99:Part of
18:
3395:|work=
3377:21 November
2805:Hollis 2008
2766:Hollis 2008
2754:Hollis 2008
2523:Hollis 2008
2511:Hollis 2008
2499:Hollis 2008
2487:Hollis 2008
2463:Hollis 2008
2451:Hollis 2008
2439:Hollis 2008
2427:Hollis 2008
2403:Hollis 2008
2391:Hollis 2008
2367:Hollis 2008
2352:Hollis 2008
2304:Hollis 2008
2289:Hollis 2008
2274:Hollis 2008
2238:Hollis 2008
2226:Hollis 2008
2202:Hollis 2008
2166:Hollis 2008
2112:Hollis 2008
2088:Hollis 2008
2076:Hollis 2008
2064:Hollis 2008
2049:Hollis 2008
2037:Hollis 2008
2025:Hollis 2008
2013:Hollis 2008
1989:Hollis 2008
1977:Hollis 2008
1953:Hollis 2008
1941:Hollis 2008
1917:Hollis 2008
1785:Hollis 2008
1761:Hollis 2008
1737:Hollis 2008
1725:Hollis 2008
1710:Hollis 2008
1674:Hollis 2008
1659:Hollis 2008
1611:Hollis 2008
1587:Hollis 2008
1575:Hollis 2008
1563:Hollis 2008
1534:Hollis 2008
1482:Hollis 2008
1470:Hollis 2008
1458:Hollis 2008
1446:Hollis 2008
1434:Hollis 2008
1405:Hollis 2008
1393:Hollis 2008
1381:Hollis 2008
1369:Hollis 2008
1333:Hollis 2008
1321:Hollis 2008
995:New England
916:Disbandment
568:Kasr-el-Nil
412:, where an
352:other ranks
125:Engagements
75:Light horse
3657:Categories
2951:1885/30058
2814:References
2793:Jones 1988
2781:Hogan 1979
2663:Keogh 1965
2639:Keogh 1965
2475:Perry 2009
2340:Perry 2009
2328:Perry 2009
2250:Perry 2009
2214:Perry 2009
1905:Falls 1930
1821:Perry 2009
1797:Falls 1930
1243:1917–1918.
544:Suez Canal
476:Anzac Cove
460:Alexandria
423:Heliopolis
316:Holsworthy
3629:Divisions
3397:ignored (
3387:cite book
3270:1442-8547
3246:16 August
3241:222659270
3108:220624545
3045:644354483
2968:159813243
2960:0899-3718
2919:16 August
2899:16 August
2742:Grey 2008
2706:Bou 2010b
2682:Hall 1968
2651:Bou 2010b
2627:Grey 2008
2547:Grey 2008
1773:Bou 2010a
1647:Bou 2010b
1345:Bou 2010a
1297:Hall 1968
1285:Citations
1198:Footnotes
1133:Jerusalem
1125:El Mughar
1105:Sari-Bair
1050:Alliances
947:Fremantle
622:Palestine
552:Palestine
464:Marquette
433:Gallipoli
356:squadrons
312:Liverpool
263:Beersheba
251:Gallipoli
171:Jerusalem
161:El Mughar
156:Beersheba
144:Sari Bair
94:~ 500 men
56:Australia
48:1938–1943
46:1921–1936
44:1915–1919
3306:(2009).
3212:(1965).
3177:(1978).
3096:(1941).
3074:(2008).
3035:(1930).
2316:Bou 2007
2262:Bou 2007
1881:Bou 2007
1149:Damascus
999:Armidale
927:Ismailia
894:Damascus
850:Tiberias
787:occupied
767:Kalkileh
592:Seraphum
560:railhead
550:towards
516:Boer War
480:lighters
391:Adelaide
350:and 497
348:officers
273:and the
206:Insignia
196:Damascus
109:Motto(s)
3337:3900439
3222:7185705
2879:12 June
2859:17 July
2836:12 June
2615:Stanley
1179:(1916);
1172:(1915);
1141:Megiddo
1018:Scullin
973:and 17
961:; five
939:Colombo
935:Morvada
858:Liktera
827:malaria
791:Jericho
769:on the
720:Et Tine
712:Summeil
648:Bedouin
556:Kantara
425:, near
414:Ottoman
395:equator
372:cavalry
328:outback
301:History
271:Megiddo
181:Megiddo
53:Country
3360:
3335:
3314:
3292:
3268:
3239:
3220:
3185:
3163:
3144:
3123:
3106:
3082:
3060:
3043:
3021:
3002:
2983:
2966:
2958:
1145:Sharon
1113:Rumani
943:Ceylon
908:, the
815:Nablus
795:Jordan
700:Faluje
636:Persia
386:Suevic
366:, the
360:troops
265:, the
191:Samakh
186:Sharon
61:Branch
41:Active
3371:(PDF)
3354:(PDF)
3277:(PDF)
3262:(PDF)
3125:59504
2964:S2CID
2849:(PDF)
1193:Notes
1101:Suvla
1021:Labor
941:, in
811:Deraa
775:Haifa
763:Jaffa
548:Sinai
506:Sinai
478:upon
427:Cairo
139:Suvla
113:Latin
3399:help
3379:2011
3358:ISBN
3333:OCLC
3312:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3266:ISSN
3248:2015
3237:OCLC
3218:OCLC
3183:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3121:OCLC
3104:OCLC
3080:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3041:OCLC
3019:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2956:ISSN
2921:2015
2901:2015
2881:2010
2861:2020
2838:2010
1211:the
906:Homs
835:Ludd
449:and
419:Suez
410:Aden
374:and
338:and
336:11th
229:The
91:Size
81:Role
71:Type
2946:hdl
2938:doi
959:Bar
875:at
708:Huj
706:at
634:in
525:4th
447:2nd
443:1st
384:SS
3659::
3391::
3389:}}
3385:{{
3200:.
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2962:.
2954:.
2944:.
2934:71
2932:.
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2891:.
2851:.
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1489:^
1412:^
1147:,
1143:,
1139:,
1135:,
1131:,
1127:,
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1111:,
1107:,
1103:,
1099:,
1095::
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722:.
661:A
498:.
445:,
297:.
269:,
115::
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