1345 - Knowledge

2165: 1450: 2351: 2439:, the driving force behind the Constantinopolitan regency and main instigator of the civil war, was murdered. His demise led to a wave of defections to the Kantakouzenist camp, most prominently his own son, John Apokaukos, the governor of Thessalonica. He plotted to surrender the city to Kantakouzenos, and had the leader of the Zealots, a certain Michael Palaiologos, killed. The Zealots however reacted violently: in a popular uprising, led by Andreas Palaiologos, they overpowered Apokaukos and killed or expelled most of the city's remaining aristocrats. The events are described by 2531:

came from the Umur of Aydin, a nominal ally established by Andronikos III. The Regency of John V relied on Turkish mercenaries as well. However, Kantakouzenos began to draw support from the Ottoman Sultan Orkhan, who wed Kantakouzenos' daughter in 1345. By 1347, Kantakouzenos had triumphed and entered Constantinople. However, in his hour of victory, he came to an accord with Anna and her son, John V. John V (now 15 years of age) and Kantakouzenos would rule as co-emperors, though John V would be the junior in this relationship. The unlikely peace would not last long.

1239:, was deposed. He was forced to sign a document which gave the Grand Duke and his ministers almost all power in the Empire, promising to seek their counsel in all official actions. This constitutional experiment was short-lived, however, because of opposition from the people of Trebizond, who rose up in revolt against the oligarchy. Michael swiftly took advantage of his opportunity to regain power and arrested and imprisoned the Grand Duke in 1345. He also sent his son John to 1869: 2456: 1287: 2186:, Joan was crowned as sole monarch of Naples in August 1344. Fearing for his life, Andrew wrote to his mother Elizabeth that he would soon flee the kingdom. She intervened, and made a state visit; before she returned to Hungary, she bribed Pope Clement to reverse himself and permit the coronation of Andrew. She also gave a ring to Andrew, which was supposed to protect him from death by blade or poison, and returned with a false sense of security to Hungary. 2447:...one after another the prisoners were hurled from the walls of the citadel and hacked to pieces by the mob of the Zealots assembled below. Then followed a hunt for all the members of the upper classes: they were driven through the streets like slaves, with ropes round their necks-here a servant dragged his master, there a slave his purchaser, while the peasant struck the strategus and the labourer beat the soldier (i.e. the 1778: 1654: 1188: 1835: 2527:

In October Anna ordered Kantakouzenos to resign his command. Kantakouzenos not only refused, he declared himself Emperor at Didymoteichon, allegedly to protect John V's rule from Kalekas. Whether or not Kantakouzenos wished to be Emperor is not known, but the provocative actions of the Patriarch forced Kantakouzenos to fight to retain his power and start the civil war.

1430:, but was unsuccessful. The following year he would try again and succeed in killing the khan. With this the effective power of the Chagatai khans would come to an end; the khanate eventually devolved into a loose confederation of tribes that respected the authority of Qazaghan, although he primarily commanded the loyalty of the tribes of the southern portion of the 1923:. The hereditary titles to these lands owned by Margaret's sisters were ignored. This widened a divide which had already been growing between himself and the lay princes of Germany, who disliked his restless expansion policy. His actions in this year eventually led to a civil war, which was cut short by his death by stroke two years later. 2024:

Their commander William IV of Holland was killed, and was succeeded by his sister Margaret of Holland, wife of Louis IV. When John of Beaumont heard what had happened, he ordered a retreat back to the ships. They were pursued by the Frisians and most did not make it back. Count William's death in this battle paved the way for the

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John XIV sparked the civil conflict when he convinced the Empress that John V's rule was threatened by the ambitions of Kantakouzenos. In September 1341, whilst Kantakouzenos was in Thrace, Kalekas declared himself as regent and launched a vicious attack on Kantakouzenos, his supporters & family.

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Thus, in 1345, hearing of the Pope's reversal, a group of noble conspirators (probably including Queen Joan) determined to forestall Andrew's coronation. During a hunting trip at Aversa, Andrew left his room in the middle of the night and was set upon by the conspirators. A treacherous servant barred

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The follow-up was less impressive. Further operations were delayed until July when Montfort attempted the recapture of Quimper. However, news had reached the French government that Edward's main campaign had been cancelled and they were able to send reinforcements from Normandy. With his strengthened

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in early 1344, and continued into 1345. During the summer and autumn of 1344, the Montfortist party had fallen apart. Even those who had been John of Montfort's staunchest allies now considered it futile to continue the struggle. It therefore mattered little that in March 1345 John finally managed to

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During the winter, Northampton fought a long and hard winter campaign with the apparent objective of seizing a harbour on the north side of the peninsula. Edward III had probably planned to land here with his main force during summer 1346. However, the English achieved very little for their efforts.

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There were not nearly enough troops to defend Byzantium's borders at the time and there certainly was not enough for the two factions to split – consequently, more foreigners would flood the Empire into a state of chaos – Kantakouzenos hired Turks and Serbs – his main supply of Turkish mercenaries

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and started to advance towards Stavoren. In the countryside around Warns the Hollandic count was attacked by the local inhabitants. With their heavy armour the knights were no match for the furious Frisian farmers and fishermen. As they fled they entered a swamp where they were decisively beaten.

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in Paris was completed after nearly two centuries of planning and construction. On 24 March, a man named Guy de Chauliac observed a strange astronomical sign: the planets Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars conjoined in the sky under the sign of Aquarius. That same day the area experienced a solar eclipse.

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in his home. The Host was then put in the fire, but miraculously remained intact and could be retrieved from the fire in one piece without the heat burning the hand of the person that retrieved it. This miracle was later officially recognised as such by the Roman Catholic Church, and a large

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during a battle against the Sultan of Madurai in 1343, the Hoysala Empire had merged with the growing Vijayanagara Empire. In these first two decades after the founding of the empire, Harihara I gained control over most of the area south of the Tungabhadra river and earned the title of

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the door behind him; and as Joan cowered in their bed, a terrible struggle ensued, Andrew defending himself furiously and shrieking for aid. He was finally overpowered, strangled with a cord, and flung from a window. The horrible deed would taint the rest of Joan's reign.

2523:), composed notably of the Knights Hospitaller, which organized five consecutive attacks on İzmir and the Western Anatolian coastline controlled by Turkish states. In between, it was the Turks who organized maritime raids directed at Aegean islands. 1830:

cathedral in northern Europe, was completed in this year as well. It remains the largest in the region to this day. England was still recovering from French occupation. Until 1345, all school instruction had been in French, rather than English.

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in 1345 when there was a revolt of Muslim military commanders in the Daulatabad area. In Bengal, on the eastern border of the Sultanate, a general named llyas captured East Bengal, leading to its reunification. He established his capital at

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of the war. This set the stage for English dominance in the area for several years. Previous to this, the French had been having success, and the English had even offered a treaty, but with this battle along with Derby's overrunning of the

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in China was seeing the first seeds of a resistance which would lead to its downfall. Southeast Asia remained free from Mongol power, with several small kingdoms struggling for survival. The Siamese dynasty in that area vanquished the

2102:. On 22 April, he confronted Reforza d'Agoult and battle was joined. The meeting was brief and bloody. Initially uncertain, the outcome was a victory for the Ghibellines, who recovered the besieged fortress and dealt a severe blow to 2257:

and probably in a few other towns, as well. No town was allowed to use the law without the formal permission by the Swedish king. Its use may have become more widespread if it had not been superseded by the new town law by King

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Besides the War of Succession and the Hundred Years' War, France was in the midst of an interesting period. Several decades earlier, the Roman Papacy had moved to Avignon and would not return to Rome for another 33 years. The

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Map showing the political situation in southwest Asia in 1345, ten years after the death of Abu Sa'id. The Jalayirids, Chobanids, Muzaffarids, Injuids, Sarbadars and Kartids took the Ilkhanate's place as the major powers in

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observes the planets Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars conjoined in the sky, under the sign of Aquarius, and a solar eclipse on the same day. This sign is interpreted as foreboding by many, and Chauliac will later blame it for the

2334:, presumed wife of Gediminas and mother of his children. She died ca. 1344 and soon after Jaunutis lost his throne. If he was indeed protected by his mother, then it would be an interesting example of influence held by 2114:, near whose feast day the battle was won. Saint George held a special place for the men of chivalry of the Medieval, because he was the Saint that killed the dragon and was therefore held in a warrior cult. 1640:

visited Samudra in the Indonesian Archipelago. According to Battuta's report on his visit to Samudra, the ruler of the local area was a Muslim, and the people worshiped as Muslims in mosques and recited the

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in Sati Beg's name; this is the last trace of her. Surgan moved from Anatolia to Baghdad, where he was eventually executed by Hasan Buzurg; Sati Beg may have suffered the same fate, but this is unknown.

933:. The Byzantine Empire's precarious situation at this time is evidenced by the fact that they did not have enough soldiers to protect their own borders, but hired mercenaries from the Serbs and the 1670:

between France and England had been going on for only about eight years. The English claimed the right to the French throne, and the French refused to be ruled by foreigners. In August the English

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Edward III decided to repudiate the truce in summer 1345, a year before it was due to run out. As part of his larger strategy, a force was dispatched to Brittany under the joint leadership of the

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patriarchs had for some time fought fiercely against Venetians which had already gained considerable influence on the west coast of Istria. It was during these confrontations that the town fell.

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in China was steadily declining. Chinese peasants, upset with the lack of effective policies by the government when they were facing droughts, floods, and famines, were becoming rebellious. The

2153:. The Angevins lost almost complete control of the region and many formerly French cities declared themselves independent. The defeat of the Angevins was also a defeat for Angevin-supported 2553:

said in 1345: "the acquisition of the kingdom of Africa belongs to us and our royal right and to no one else." Ironically, in the same year, trade was established between Italy and the

2401:. The first known line of Serbian text written in the Latin alphabet is dated to this year. Serbia was recognized as the most powerful empire in the Balkans for the next several years. 1730:. The French backed Blois and the English backed Montfort in what became a miniature of the wider conflict between the two countries. The House of Blois had laid siege to the town of 178: 1710:

A new machine was introduced to this war in 1345—cannon. "Ribaldis", as they were then called, are first mentioned in the English Privy Wardrobe accounts during preparations for the

2289:, large numbers of Swedes arrived in coastal Estonia from Finland, which was under Swedish control (and would remain so for hundreds of years), often settling on Church-owned land. 902:

and continued his efforts at expansion, quickly conquering Albania and other surrounding areas within the year. The Byzantines, though powerful, were in a state of decline, with an

2245:, the oldest surviving manuscript from the first Swedish law to be put to paper is from c. 1345, although earlier versions probably existed. The law was created for the young town 1758:

army, Charles of Blois broke the siege. Routed, Montfort fled back to Hennebont where he fell ill and died 16 September. The heir to the Montfortist cause was his 5-year-old son,

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monastery. In 1345 he left the monastery and joined a band of rebels. He would lead a series of rebellions until he overthrew the Yuan dynasty and became the first emperor of the

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saw the threat of the growing power of the Golden Horde and as such, in 1345 it began a campaign against the Tatars and the Horde, in the area what would become a few years later

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between 1345 and 1346. These were believed to have shot large arrows and simplistic grapeshot, but they were so important they were directly controlled by the Royal Wardrobe.

1686:. Later in the campaign, on 21 October the French were besieging the castle at Auberoche, when Derby's army caught them off guard during their evening meal and won one of the 2182:, to the throne of Naples by the Pope. This, however, sat ill with the Neapolitan people and nobles; neither was Joan content to share her sovereignty. With the approval of 1404:

warriors were victorious in their campaign, decapitating the local Tatar leader, the brother-in-law of the Khan, Atlamïş and making the Tatars flee toward the coastal area.

1216:(1314–1346) who managed to play on the decline of the Ilkhanate, stopped paying tribute to the Mongols, restored the pre-1220 state borders of Georgia, and returned the 1227:(1297–1330). It was now in a period of repeated imperial depositions and assassinations that lasted from the end of Alexios II's reign until the first years of 2075: 2201:. The painting has since been lost, but the instruments which he used to make it still survive, giving insights into mapmaking techniques of the day. The 1771: 1220:

into Georgia's sphere of influence. Thus, in 1345, Georgia was in the midst of golden age of independence, though its leader would die one year later.

258: 1645:. Many Islamic traders and travelers had already scattered themselves along the major cities and coasts surrounding the Indian Ocean by this time. 2515:

transformed the Beylik of Aydınoğlu into a serious naval power with base in İzmir and posed a threat particularly for Venetian possessions in the

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Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages: The Perception of the 'Other' and the Presence of Mutual Ethnic Stereotypes in Medieval Narrative Sources

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Northern Brittany was Joanna of Dreux’ home region and resistance here was stiff. The only bright spot for the English was victory at the

1231:'s, finally ending in 1355. The empire never fully recovered its internal cohesion, commercial supremacy or territory. Its ruler in 1345, 1613:, which struggled to maintain its existence in the face of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate to the west and the Mongol Chinese to the north. 2304:

in 1346. The fighting had started as a protest by indigenous Estonians to Danish and German rule. Parts of Estonia such as the city of

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was deposed by his brothers. Very little is known about years when Jaunutis ruled except that they were quite peaceful years, as the

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escape to England. With no adherents of note of his own, he was now little more than a figurehead for English ambitions in Brittany.

68: 37: 24: 1671: 1332:. When he was defeated by Malek Asraf, he fled to his mother and stepfather. The three of them then formed an alliance, but when 3618: 2511:

by land and sea, but Hugh could see little benefit for his kingdom in these endeavors and withdrew from the league. Meanwhile,

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which still exist today. Life is said in these books to be divided into 31 levels of existence separated between three worlds.

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was in a period of decline, forced to devote much of its resources to skirmishes with the Sukhothai and Siamese, which left

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had already fragmented into several kingdoms struggling to place their puppet emperors over the shell of an old state. The

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in 1345. The river had flooded previously in 1335 and in 1344. There was also conflict between the rulers of the dynasty.

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married Cunigunde, a Lithuanian Princess. Besides this move, the emperor continued his policy of expansion by conferring

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was about 16 years old in 1345. His parents and brothers had died of plague or famine (or both) in 1344, and he joined a

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and forced to retreat. This siege is therefore noted as one of the key events that brought the Black Plague to Europe.

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in a relatively bloodless shift of power, and Lithuania continued its skirmishes with its northern, Estonian neighbor.

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O'callaghan, Joseph. Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.

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on January 17 and the Ottomans annexed Qarasi in west Asia minor. Later, Pope Clement urged further attacks on the

1851:, who was aiding the French in their war against the English with Church funds. Also, in the year 1345, the famous 1585:, was composed by the King of Siam in the same year. The Sukhothai Emperor also wrote a similar Buddhist work, the 1324:, the sister of Abu Sa'id, found himself competing for control of the Chobanid lands with the late ruler's brother 1036: 820: 702: 3619:"Venice and the Turcoman Begliks of Menteşe and Aydın, Section V of "Ottoman-Venetian diplomatics, the Ahd-Names"" 2016:, but had no horses as there wasn't enough room in the ships, which were full of building materials and supplies. 2099: 1795: 222: 3824: 1814:

on her journey to Spain to meet him. Spain, meanwhile, continued its struggle to regain Muslim territory on the

3439:. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge University Press. pp. 280–287. 2293: 2154: 860: 1609:

to spring up, all of which happened right around this year. A Buddhist colony also existed to the west in the

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Setton, Kenneth. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1976.

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pilgrimage chapel was built where the house had stood. Every year, thousands of Catholics take part in the

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and John of Montfort. Within a week of their landing in June, the English had their first victory when Sir

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family went bankrupt in 1345, and in 1345 Florence was the scene of an attempted strike by wool combers (

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in this year. Early mentions of Swedes in Estonia came in 1341 and 1345 (when an Estonian monastery in

1767: 1624:. During Tribhuwana's rule, the Majapahit kingdom had grown much larger and became famous in the area. 839:, which at the time was divided into several principalities, saw several power struggles including the 576: 1305: 1172: 883: 780: 3396:

Giuseppe Cerrato: "In Atti della Società ligure di storia patria" – S. 2, vol. 17 (1885), p. 382–542

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The Byzantine civil war also allowed the emergence of a local quasi-independent principality in the

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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

2837: 2398: 2103: 2049: 1675: 1224: 1068: 1011: 915: 887: 1449: 2618: 2429: 2214: 1336:(Jalayirid) decided to withdraw the support he promised, the plan fell apart, and they fled to 1046: 330: 2672: 2652: 2413: 2350: 1803: 1782: 1746:, one of Northampton's lieutenants, raided central Brittany and defeated Charles of Blois at 1667: 1427: 1236: 1058: 989: 911: 796: 784: 370: 366: 2600: 1954: 1876: 1856:

This sign was interpreted as foreboding by many, and Chauliac would later blame it for the

1852: 1505: 1232: 824: 206: 202: 2178:, was assassinated by conspiracy in 1345. He had been appointed joint heir with his wife, 8: 2841: 2795: 2761: 2500: 2327: 2259: 2194: 2158: 2041: 1938: 1912: 1827: 1696: 1687: 1562: 1522: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1148: 1003: 993: 960: 840: 788: 647: 637: 449: 3379:

Sommers, Michael. France: a Primary Source Cultural Guide. City: PowerPlus Books, 2005.

1602: 859:, which would continue in the coming decades. Estonian rulers also managed to crush the 3603: 2662: 2574: 2496: 2367: 2079: 1892: 1683: 1679: 1590: 1566: 1381: 1072: 907: 800: 776: 459: 397: 282: 2300:, was stifled in 1345. After the rebellion Denmark sold its domains in Estonia to the 1973:, Count of Holland, prepared a military action to conquer Middle Frisia, crossing the 1711: 3859: 3855: 3791: 3770: 3749: 3732: 3712: 3680: 3655: 3625: 3582: 3555: 3519: 3492: 3465: 3440: 3380: 3363: 3342: 3321: 3301: 3274: 3257: 3236: 3215: 3194: 3147: 3105: 3041: 3020: 2984: 2947: 2912: 2809: 2775: 2492: 2440: 2436: 2405: 2025: 1978: 1896: 1815: 1727: 1578: 1526: 1365:. (An earlier attempt had failed because Kaffa was able to get provisions across the 1201: 1090: 1054: 848: 808: 792: 754: 586: 567: 547: 527: 377: 320: 308: 2117:

In the aftermath, Piedmont was partitioned between the victors. John received Alba,

1247:, where he was to be kept prisoner to prevent him from becoming a focus of dissent. 914:, although in 1345, the tide began to turn toward the latter. At the same time, the 3851: 3812: 2860: 2707: 2425: 2319: 2179: 2168: 1990: 1958: 1799: 1550: 1420: 1280: 891: 762: 733: 718: 680: 657: 557: 429: 412: 407: 387: 340: 3123:"Mongol Yuan Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China" 823:

in a move which angered many of his princes. Holland was also in the midst of the

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was however used for a long time for Magnus Eriksson's law in various locations.

2229: 2183: 1966: 1920: 1848: 1743: 1704: 1509: 1434:. He did not claim the khanship, but instead contented himself with his title of 1223:

Trebizond had reached its greatest wealth and influence during the long reign of

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Morgan, Kenneth. Islam- the Straight Path. City: Motilal Banarsidass Pub, 1998.

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Turks clashed with Byzantines, Serbs, and Cypriots at sea and in the islands of

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since the first anti-Mongol uprising started in 1259 under the leadership of

1028:, sail from Asia Minor to the Balkan Peninsula, and raid Bulgarian territory. 934: 725: 714: 537: 490: 164: 109: 2788:, semi-independent brigand ruler in the Rhodope Mountains (killed in battle) 2432:

Momchil's forces at Peritheorion. Momchil himself was killed in the battle.

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influence in Piedmont. To celebrate his victory, John built a new church in

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was in the midst of a civil war and one year from falling to rebellion. The

3464:(English ed.). Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. p. 118. 2819: 2743: 2729: 2632: 2558: 2386: 2335: 2286: 2282: 2250: 2111: 2082:, viceroy to northern Italy in hopes of putting an end to the war with the 1941:. It involved a dying man vomiting upon being given the Holy Sacrament and 1857: 1823: 1822:, but was unable to conquer it. In 1345 Muhammud V was made its ruler. The 1811: 1610: 1494: 1478: 1474: 1461: 1457: 1439: 1416: 1397: 1374: 1362: 1358: 1333: 1325: 1276: 1268: 1122: 1108: 979: 919: 749: 737: 710: 274: 58: 52: 46: 2213:). A few decades later they would rise in a full-scale revolt. In Verona, 1868: 1700: 3459: 3437:

Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345

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in pagan Lithuania. However, a concrete stimulus might have been a major

2254: 2142: 2134: 2118: 2053: 2028:, and 26 September, the day of the battle, remains a national holiday in 1819: 1726:, a conflict between the Houses of Blois and Montfort for control of the 1637: 1419:

tribe (1345 at the latest – 1358) and the powerful de facto ruler of the

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in Egypt. This marked the beginning of reliable trading of spice to the

2519:. The Venetians organized an alliance uniting several European parties ( 1401: 1286: 1162: 3415: 2702: 2628: 2614: 2516: 2278: 2242: 2146: 2083: 1942: 1625: 1518: 1329: 1313: 1244: 1158: 1144: 946: 766: 1438:

and conferred the title of khan on puppets of his own choosing: first

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During this year on the Asian continent, several divisions of the old

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changed hands to a new Siamese dynasty in 1345. A Buddhist work, the

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would fail in the following year as the Mongols were struck with the

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had become fractured since the late 13th century. After the death of

1205: 1082: 964: 770: 758: 745: 729: 516: 2941: 2044:, fought on 22 April, was a decisive battle of the wars between the 1636:. It was during their rule in 1345 that the famous Muslim traveller 1340:. Surgan was defeated again in 1345 by Malek Asraf and they fled to 2903: 2901: 2757: 2592: 2512: 2480: 2421: 2315: 2297: 2234: 2095: 2057: 1994: 1818:. In that same year Alfonso XI attacked Gibraltar as a part of the 1770:, where the small town was captured and a garrison installed under 1751: 1490: 1385: 1341: 1321: 1212:

who in fact waged his war for almost thirty years. Finally, it was

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Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Jūratė Kiaupienė; Albinas Kuncevičius (2000) .

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continued. Having exploited the conflict to expand his realm into

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William's troops set fire to the abandoned villages of Laaxum and

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died without an heir. Since then, various factions, including the

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in 1345. This later led to his becoming the first emperor of the

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and captured the city. In 1345 the allies defeated the Turks at

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1345 marked the end of a series of skirmishes begun in the 1343

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in the northwest region of present-day Italy, just southeast of

572: 2781: 2764:(also known as Richard De Bury), English writer and bishop (b. 2539: 2535: 2508: 2504: 2476: 2371: 2274: 2206: 2150: 2061: 2060:). It took place in northwest Italy in what is now part of the 2045: 2013: 1998: 1598: 1594: 1320:, a Chobanid prince, was murdered late in 1343. Surgan, son of 1187: 1116: 1064: 1042: 950: 930: 2891: 2889: 2582: 2464: 2331: 2198: 2122: 2069: 2020: 1834: 1642: 1482: 1015: 985: 926: 741: 99: 94: 88: 82: 77: 2237:, who gained the Duchy of Lithuania from his brother in 1345 2886: 2845: 2813: 2799: 2765: 2751: 2737: 2687: 2676: 2666: 2656: 2640: 2622: 2608: 2596: 2586: 2578: 2378: 2107: 1810:. She would never marry him, however, but would die of the 1538:, which encompassed the southern tip of India and parts of 1514: 1435: 1102: 819:

and the surrounding area, granting these lands to his wife

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A kind of side conflict to the Hundred Years' War was the

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also making gains, the tide turned somewhat in this year.

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made a second attempt to lay siege on the Genoese city of

1235:, was crowned Emperor of Trebizond in 1344 after his son, 791:

fought in Northern France in October of this year. In the

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Historical Tales, the Romance of Reality: Japan and China

2922: 1021: 765:

was in the midst of a golden age under the leadership of

3769:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. 3320:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. 2960: 1838:

The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was completed in 1345.

3360:

English Fiction from the Fifth to the Twentieth Century

2098:

Ghibellines formed an anti-Angevin alliance, headed by

2381:

of the Serbs and Romans". By the end of the year, his

3180:. New York, Los Angeles: R.H. Whitten Company. p. 265 1557:, or the Northern and Southern Courts period. In the 1101:, and remain part of the imperial crown domain until 3212:

Indian Buddhism: a Survey with Bibliographical Notes

2197:'s painting of a map of the world for the palace at 1549:

From 1336 to 1392, two courts claimed the throne of

3616: 2269:Records also exist for the emigration of Swedes to 2221:, an architectural structure still standing today. 1977:with a large fleet and with the help of French and 3235:. Lewisburg Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 1990. 2308:suffered raids from the nearby Lithuanian rulers. 2205:family, a big banking family and precursor to the 1534:("master of the eastern and western oceans"). The 2911:. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994. 1616:The Majapahit Empire, which occupied much of the 3874: 3624:. Netherlands: Leiden University. Archived from 3000: 1079:: English troops are victorious over the French. 3300:, Osprey Publishing. Paperback; June 25, 2000; 3256:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 3146:. Armonk, New York; London: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. 2942:Andrzej Pleszczynski; Grischa Vercamer (2021). 2171:, possibly involved in an assassination in 1345 1263:in 1294, it had already been divided into four 213:Establishments and disestablishments categories 3072: 3057: 1703:, as well as the forces in Brittany under Sir 1628:reigned at the time along with the empress as 1204:had been struggling for independence from the 855:continued early stages of their emigration to 3581:. University of Michigan Press. p. 308. 3518:. University of Michigan Press. p. 304. 3491:. University of Michigan Press. p. 301. 3405:«Studi Piemontesi»: VII (1978), 2, pp. 341–51 3163:Demetrius Charles de Kavanagh Boulger. 1900. 1981:knights, some of whom had just returned from 1950:, or procession to the place of the miracle. 705:(link will display the full calendar) of the 252: 2094:, a castle in the neighbourhood of Santena. 1953:Holland, meanwhile, was in the midst of the 1860:, which arrived less than five years later. 1316:, had been competing for the Ilkhan throne. 1304:had been declining rapidly since 1335, when 3850:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1327–1328. 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3554:. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. 3538:Lemerle, P. L'emirat d'Aydin..., p.210, 217 3091:, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 156. 1565:claimed the throne. In the Southern Court, 1344:. Coinage dating from that year appears in 1141:, in the midst of the Friso-Hollandic Wars. 1039:, marries Cunigunde, a Lithuanian princess. 3842:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 3551:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453 3289: 3287: 1961:continued their efforts to conquer nearby 259: 245: 3430: 3428: 3416:The lost wheel map of Ambrogio Lorenzetti 3362:. City: Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007. 2342:planned by the Teutonic Knights in 1345. 2281:Island to a group of Swedes). During the 1426:(1346–1358). In 1345 he revolted against 3767:Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain 3693: 3668: 3643: 3318:Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain 2454: 2349: 2330:mentions that Jaunutis was supported by 2228: 2163: 1867: 1833: 1776: 1652: 1448: 1285: 1186: 1057:, are defeated by the Turkish allies of 783:were engaged in the early stages of the 728:were in a state of gradual decline. The 3284: 3214:. City: Motilal Banarsidass Pub, 1999. 2412:, who had switched his allegiance from 2224: 863:in 1345 after a two-year struggle. The 843:in the north, and the assassination of 3875: 3453: 3434: 3425: 3422:, June 1996. Retrieved 2 January 2007. 3038:The Hundred Years War: Trial by Battle 3017:The Hundred Years War: Trial by Battle 2981:The Hundred Years War: Trial by Battle 2486: 2471:. The Genoese also sacked the city of 2385:included all of Macedonia, except for 2193:Other events in Italy in 1345 include 1589:. Both works describe Southeast Asian 3807: 3706: 3674: 3649: 3547: 3133: 3040:, Vol. I, (Faber & Faber, 1990), 3019:, Vol. I, (Faber & Faber, 1990), 2983:, Vol. I, (Faber & Faber, 1990), 2874:, governor of Thessalonica (executed) 1661: 3711:. New York: Oxford UP. p. 267. 3679:. New York: Oxford UP. p. 266. 3654:. New York: Oxford UP. p. 265. 3574: 3511: 3484: 3462:The History of Lithuania Before 1795 3104:. Cambridge University Press, 1989, 3005:. Van Gorcum & Comp. p. 13. 2605:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 1882: 1717: 1525:in 1336. After the death of Hoysala 3548:Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1993). 3193:. Bath: Footprint Handbooks, 2003. 2241:In Sweden and states bordering the 1407: 1115:, is assassinated in Naples (d. in 898:proclaimed himself Tsar of the new 13: 3298:Crécy 1346: Triumph of the longbow 2408:, headed by the Bulgarian brigand 2078:was sent in the spring of 1345 by 1500: 1250: 799:again besieged the Muslim city of 14: 3894: 3790:. Boulder: Westview Press, 2007. 2857:Aedh mac Tairdelbach Ó Conchobair 2722:Latin Patriarch of Constantinople 1863: 1695:(lost twenty years before in the 1648: 1572: 769:, who remains a famous figure in 3856:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1543 3075:Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire 3060:Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire 2812:, queen regent of Naples (b. c. 1678:, taking a large French army at 1456:joined forces rebellious to the 1415:(d. 1358) was the leader of the 1155:: The English defeat the French. 821:Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut 703:common year starting on Saturday 3801: 3780: 3759: 3742: 3725: 3709:The Oxford History of Byzantium 3677:The Oxford History of Byzantium 3652:The Oxford History of Byzantium 3610: 3595: 3575:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). 3568: 3541: 3532: 3512:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). 3505: 3485:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). 3478: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3373: 3352: 3331: 3310: 3267: 3246: 3225: 3204: 3183: 3170: 3157: 3115: 3094: 3081: 3066: 3051: 2503:which burnt a Turkish fleet in 2428:and Kantakouzenos' chief ally, 2100:John II, Marquess of Montferrat 1789: 1532:Purvapaschima Samudradhishavara 1468: 1352: 1195: 3167:. New York: F.P. Harper, p. 79 3102:The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane 3030: 3009: 2994: 2973: 2935: 2868:, Byzantine general (murdered) 2375:Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia 2277:sold "the Laoküla Estate" and 2217:began the construction of his 2155:Manfred V, Marquess of Saluzzo 2068:about 15 km southeast of 922:entered a more radical phase. 896:Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia 713:, in the midst of a period in 1: 3341:. New York: Routledge, 2002. 2880: 2463:In 1345, the Greek island of 2012:. The Hollandic knights wore 3617:Dr. Hans Theunissen (1998). 3077:. A. M. Hakkert. p. 52. 3062:. A. M. Hakkert. p. 36. 2895:pgs. 143–148 ASIN B000K6TDP2 2824:William II, Count of Hainaut 2748:Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster 2370:, following the conquest of 1724:War of the Breton Succession 1295: 1139:William II, Count of Hainaut 1099:Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor 7: 3003:The Literature of Friesland 2724:(killed by Turks at Smyrna) 2714:(killed by Turks at Smyrna) 2294:St. George's Night Uprising 1622:Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi 963:occurs (as commemorated in 861:St. George's Night Uprising 807:, but without success. The 740:to the north was besieging 10: 3899: 2345: 2253:, but it was also used in 2233:Coin bearing the image of 1989:, together with his uncle 1768:Battle of La Roche-Derrien 1053:, autonomous ruler of the 197:Birth and death categories 3001:E. Howard Harris (1956). 2750:, English politician (b. 2696: 2665:, English noblewoman (d. 2564: 2545: 2420:. On 7 July, the army of 1794:Also in England in 1345, 1214:King George the Brilliant 940: 717:often referred to as the 3165:A Short History of China 2798:, Flemish statesman (b. 2734:Andrew, Duke of Calabria 2459:Byzantine Empire in 1328 2322:were led by ineffective 2176:Andrew, Duke of Calabria 2161:was ended at Gamenario. 2084:Margravate of Montferrat 2035: 1875:, killed in 1345 in the 1553:. This was known as the 1113:Andrew, Duke of Calabria 865:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 845:Andrew, Duke of Calabria 672: 423: 3191:Footprint Laos Handbook 3100:Manz, Beatrice Forbes, 3073:William Miller (1968). 3058:William Miller (1968). 2001:and planned to use the 1826:Cathedral, the largest 1684:decisively defeating it 1676:Gascon campaign of 1345 1620:, was ruled by empress 1605:and opened the way for 1546:of southern Sri Lanka. 1182: 1069:Gascon campaign of 1345 878:The main forces in the 831:on 26 September in the 744:along the coast of the 709:. It was a year in the 3435:Rowell, C. S. (1994). 3176:Morris, Charles. 1904 3144:China: A Macro History 2946:. Brill. p. 216. 2928:Ioannes Cantacuzenus. 2655:, reign 1381–1386 (d. 2619:Fernando I of Portugal 2460: 2453: 2359: 2262:(1316–1374). The term 2238: 2215:Mastino II della Scala 2172: 1887:On 1 January, emperor 1879: 1839: 1786: 1658: 1618:Indonesian Archipelago 1465: 1292: 1233:Michael Megas Komnenos 1192: 1047:Battle of Peritheorion 851:. In Northern Europe, 759:Indonesian Archipelago 331:Balinese saka calendar 3765:O'callaghan, Joseph. 3707:Mango, Cyril (2002). 3675:Mango, Cyril (2002). 3650:Mango, Cyril (2002). 3316:O'Callaghan, Joseph. 3189:Eliot, Joshua et al. 3127:www.imperialchina.org 2966:Nicephorus Gregoras. 2838:Constance of Peñafiel 2653:Charles III of Naples 2495:joined a league with 2458: 2445: 2414:John VI Kantakouzenos 2353: 2311:In Lithuania in 1345 2232: 2167: 2157:and the civil war in 1871: 1837: 1804:Alfonso XI of Castile 1783:Alfonso XI of Castile 1780: 1688:most decisive battles 1656: 1517:. In southern India, 1452: 1442:(1346–1348) and then 1289: 1190: 1133:defeat the forces of 1059:John VI Kantakouzenos 1031:"Summer" (undated) – 992:offers "defiance" of 990:Edward III of England 912:John VI Kantakouzenos 797:Alfonso XI of Castile 757:in this year. In the 369: – 19 2601:Blanche of Lancaster 2467:fell to the Genoese 2377:proclaimed himself " 2225:Sweden and Lithuania 2086:. Reforza conquered 1955:Friso-Hollandic Wars 1877:Friso-Hollandic Wars 1853:Notre Dame Cathedral 1632:(prime minister) of 1569:claimed the throne. 1506:Muhammad bin Tughluq 1024:– The Turks, led by 827:, engaging with the 825:Friso-Hollandic Wars 3252:Lieberman, Victor. 3036:Jonathan Sumption, 3015:Jonathan Sumption, 2979:Jonathan Sumption, 2842:Pedro I of Portugal 2796:Jacob van Artevelde 2762:Richard Aungerville 2534:The Turks attacked 2501:Knights Hospitaller 2487:Anatolian Peninsula 2479:in this same year. 2364:Byzantine civil war 2328:Bychowiec Chronicle 2195:Ambrogio Lorenzetti 2042:Battle of Gamenario 2008:near Stavoren as a 1939:Miracle of the Host 1915:after the death of 1913:Margaret of Holland 1785:, dated circa 1345. 1740:Earl of Northampton 1697:War of Saint-Sardos 1587:Tri Phum Phra Ruang 1577:In Southeast Asia, 1563:Emperor Go-Murakami 1523:Vijayanagara Empire 1218:Empire of Trebizond 1171:– The English take 1161:– The English take 1149:Battle of Auberoche 1004:Battle of Gamenario 994:Philip VI of France 961:Miracle of the Host 949:– The Turks attack 867:changed hands from 841:Battle of Gamenario 789:Battle of Auberoche 685:1472 or 1091 or 319 670:1471 or 1090 or 318 648:Thai solar calendar 638:Nanakshahi calendar 450:Discordian calendar 361:English Regnal year 278: 31:2nd millennium 3825:Lévi-Provençal, E. 3604:Patrologia Graecae 3210:Nakamura, Hajime. 2968:Byzantina historia 2907:Horrox, Rosemary. 2663:Eleanor Maltravers 2575:Kadi Burhan al-Din 2461: 2416:to the regency in 2360: 2239: 2173: 1993:, and landed near 1893:Louis VI the Roman 1880: 1847:was then ruled by 1840: 1787: 1680:Bergerac, Dordogne 1668:Hundred Years' War 1662:Hundred Years' War 1659: 1591:cosmological ideas 1466: 1382:Kingdom of Hungary 1293: 1193: 1073:Battle of Bergerac 1037:Louis VI the Roman 908:John V Palaiologos 785:Hundred Years' War 460:Ethiopian calendar 398:Byzantine calendar 283:Gregorian calendar 271: 229:Art and literature 179:Political entities 3796:978-0-8133-4355-6 3786:Borthwick, Mark. 3775:978-0-8122-1889-3 3754:978-0-87169-114-9 3737:978-0-8122-1889-3 3718:978-0-297-77747-2 3686:978-0-297-77747-2 3661:978-0-297-77747-2 3631:on April 29, 2005 3588:978-0-472-08260-5 3561:978-0-521-43991-6 3525:978-0-472-08260-5 3498:978-0-472-08260-5 3471:978-9986-810-13-1 3446:978-0-521-45011-9 3385:978-1-4042-2909-9 3368:978-1-4304-7125-7 3347:978-0-415-28525-4 3339:Discovering Islam 3326:978-0-8122-1889-3 3306:978-1-85532-966-9 3279:978-81-208-0403-6 3262:978-0-521-80086-0 3254:Strange Parallels 3241:978-0-8387-5139-8 3220:978-81-208-0272-8 3199:978-1-903471-39-5 3152:978-0-87332-452-6 3110:978-0-521-34595-8 3089:Cumans and Tatars 3046:978-0-571-20095-5 3025:978-0-571-20095-5 2989:978-0-571-20095-5 2917:978-0-7190-3498-5 2810:Sancia of Majorca 2802:) (killed by mob) 2776:Alexios Apokaukos 2710:, former Genoese 2635:, founder of the 2493:Hugh IV of Cyprus 2441:Demetrius Cydones 2437:Alexios Apokaukos 2026:Hook and Cod wars 1985:. He set sail in 1959:Counts of Holland 1937:, now called the 1883:Holy Roman Empire 1816:Iberian Peninsula 1808:Maria of Portugal 1798:was betrothed to 1728:Duchy of Brittany 1718:War of Succession 1527:Veera Ballala III 1097:are inherited by 906:between emperors 904:ongoing civil war 849:Kingdom of Naples 809:Holy Roman Empire 793:Iberian Peninsula 689: 688: 587:Javanese calendar 568:Japanese calendar 528:Holocene calendar 378:Buddhist calendar 321:Assyrian calendar 309:Armenian calendar 269: 268: 223:Disestablishments 189:Religious leaders 159: 158: 59:15th century 53:14th century 47:13th century 3890: 3868: 3867: 3805: 3799: 3784: 3778: 3763: 3757: 3746: 3740: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3704: 3691: 3690: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3623: 3614: 3608: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3545: 3539: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3432: 3423: 3420:The Art Bulletin 3412: 3406: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3388: 3377: 3371: 3358:Holliday, Carl. 3356: 3350: 3335: 3329: 3314: 3308: 3291: 3282: 3271: 3265: 3250: 3244: 3233:Phādāēng Nāng Ai 3231:Wajuppa, Tossa. 3229: 3223: 3208: 3202: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3155: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3119: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3049: 3034: 3028: 3013: 3007: 3006: 2998: 2992: 2977: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2939: 2933: 2926: 2920: 2905: 2896: 2893: 2861:King of Connacht 2708:Martino Zaccaria 2555:Mamluk Sultanate 2430:met and defeated 2354:Serbian Emperor 2320:Teutonic Knights 2169:Joan I of Naples 2159:that margraviate 2141:(related to the 2131:Luchino Visconti 2076:Reforza d'Agoult 1991:John of Beaumont 1873:Count William IV 1800:Pedro of Castile 1772:Richard Totesham 1682:by surprise and 1521:had founded the 1508:was reigning as 1408:Chagatai Khanate 1281:Chagatai Khanate 1210:King David Narin 1049:: the forces of 892:Byzantine Empire 815:took control of 763:Majapahit Empire 742:Genoese colonies 734:Chagatai Khanate 719:Late Middle Ages 674:— to — 658:Tibetan calendar 607: 558:Islamic calendar 548:Iranian calendar 425:— to — 408:Chinese calendar 388:Burmese calendar 341:Bengali calendar 293: 279: 277: 273:1345 in various 270: 261: 254: 247: 161: 160: 21: 20: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3887: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3813:"Burhãn al-Dīn" 3806: 3802: 3788:Pacific Century 3785: 3781: 3764: 3760: 3747: 3743: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3705: 3694: 3687: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3615: 3611: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3433: 3426: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3378: 3374: 3357: 3353: 3336: 3332: 3315: 3311: 3292: 3285: 3272: 3268: 3251: 3247: 3230: 3226: 3209: 3205: 3188: 3184: 3175: 3171: 3162: 3158: 3138: 3134: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3099: 3095: 3087:István Vásáry, 3086: 3082: 3071: 3067: 3056: 3052: 3035: 3031: 3014: 3010: 2999: 2995: 2978: 2974: 2965: 2961: 2954: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2923: 2909:The Black Death 2906: 2899: 2894: 2887: 2883: 2828:Battle of Warns 2826:(killed in the 2699: 2684:Helen of Bosnia 2581:, and ruler of 2567: 2551:Pope Clement VI 2548: 2489: 2348: 2260:Magnus Eriksson 2227: 2184:Pope Clement VI 2080:Joanna of Anjou 2038: 1967:Battle of Warns 1926:On 12 March, a 1921:Battle of Warns 1885: 1866: 1849:Pope Clement VI 1792: 1744:Thomas Dagworth 1720: 1712:Battle of Crécy 1705:Thomas Dagworth 1664: 1651: 1601:free to attack 1575: 1510:Sultan of Delhi 1503: 1501:Japan and India 1471: 1410: 1355: 1298: 1253: 1251:Mongol khanates 1200:The country of 1198: 1185: 1179: 1127:Battle of Warns 975:Guy de Chauliac 943: 871:to his brother 833:Battle of Warns 803:as part of the 707:Julian calendar 684: 678: 676: 671: 669: 663: 631: 623:Minguo calendar 613:Korean calendar 603: 602: 597:Julian calendar 580: 480:Hindu calendars 470:Hebrew calendar 440:Coptic calendar 433: 428:乙酉年 (Wood 427: 422: 420: 351:Berber calendar 314: 299:Ab urbe condita 289: 288: 272: 265: 155: 104: 63: 19: 12: 11: 5: 3896: 3886: 3885: 3870: 3869: 3821:Kramers, J. H. 3817:Gibb, H. A. R. 3800: 3779: 3758: 3741: 3724: 3717: 3692: 3685: 3667: 3660: 3642: 3609: 3594: 3587: 3567: 3560: 3540: 3531: 3524: 3504: 3497: 3477: 3470: 3452: 3445: 3424: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3372: 3351: 3337:Ahmed, Akbar. 3330: 3309: 3283: 3266: 3245: 3224: 3203: 3182: 3169: 3156: 3132: 3114: 3093: 3080: 3065: 3050: 3029: 3027:, pp. 467–470. 3008: 2993: 2972: 2959: 2952: 2934: 2930:Historiarum... 2921: 2897: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2872:John Apokaukos 2869: 2863: 2849: 2831: 2817: 2803: 2789: 2779: 2769: 2755: 2741: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2715: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2680: 2670: 2660: 2644: 2626: 2612: 2590: 2566: 2563: 2547: 2544: 2488: 2485: 2424:, the Turkish 2418:Constantinople 2397:, held by the 2383:Serbian Empire 2347: 2344: 2302:Teutonic Order 2287:15th centuries 2226: 2223: 2139:House of Savoy 2037: 2034: 1911:upon his wife 1884: 1881: 1865: 1864:Central Europe 1862: 1845:Avignon Papacy 1791: 1788: 1719: 1716: 1674:commenced the 1663: 1660: 1657:Europe in 1345 1650: 1649:Western Europe 1647: 1583:Traibhumikatha 1574: 1573:Southeast Asia 1571: 1559:Northern Court 1536:Jaffna Kingdom 1502: 1499: 1470: 1467: 1409: 1406: 1371:The 1345 siege 1354: 1351: 1328:and his uncle 1297: 1294: 1252: 1249: 1241:Constantinople 1197: 1194: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1166: 1156: 1142: 1120: 1106: 1080: 1062: 1040: 1029: 1019: 997: 983: 968: 954: 942: 939: 916:Zealot commune 900:Serbian Empire 687: 686: 660: 654: 653: 650: 644: 643: 640: 634: 633: 625: 619: 618: 615: 609: 608: 599: 593: 592: 589: 583: 582: 570: 564: 563: 560: 554: 553: 550: 544: 543: 540: 534: 533: 530: 524: 523: 520: 511: 510: 507: 498: 497: 494: 485: 484: 482: 476: 475: 472: 466: 465: 462: 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 442: 436: 435: 410: 404: 403: 400: 394: 393: 390: 384: 383: 380: 374: 373: 363: 357: 356: 353: 347: 346: 343: 337: 336: 333: 327: 326: 323: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 301: 295: 294: 285: 267: 266: 264: 263: 256: 249: 241: 238: 237: 235:1345 in poetry 231: 230: 226: 225: 219:Establishments 215: 214: 210: 209: 199: 198: 194: 193: 192: 191: 186: 181: 173: 172: 168: 167: 157: 156: 154: 153: 148: 143: 138: 131: 126: 121: 115: 113: 106: 105: 103: 102: 97: 92: 85: 80: 74: 72: 65: 64: 62: 61: 56: 49: 43: 41: 34: 33: 28: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3895: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3688: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3663: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3544: 3535: 3527: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3508: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3489: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3448: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3294:David Nicolle 3290: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3179: 3173: 3166: 3160: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3076: 3069: 3061: 3054: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3004: 2997: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2969: 2963: 2955: 2953:9789004466555 2949: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2925: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2892: 2890: 2885: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2866:John Vatatzes 2864: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2718:Henry of Asti 2716: 2713: 2712:Lord of Chios 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2617:– King 2616: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2457: 2452: 2450: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2426:emir of Aydin 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2393:, except for 2392: 2389:, and all of 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362:In 1345, the 2357: 2352: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2219:Scaliger Tomb 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2110:in honour of 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2090:and besieged 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2010:fortification 2007: 2004: 2003:Sint-Odulphus 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1949: 1948:Stille Omgang 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:Princess Joan 1784: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1672:Earl of Derby 1669: 1666:By 1345, the 1655: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1567:Emperor Kōmyō 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1544:Kotte Kingdom 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1487:Zhu Yuanzhang 1484: 1480: 1476: 1473:By 1345, the 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454:Zhu Yuanzhang 1451: 1447: 1446:(1348–1358). 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:Amir Qazaghan 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390:Andrew Lackfi 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1357:In 1345, the 1350: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Hassan Kuchak 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257:Mongol Empire 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1189: 1180: 1174: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 998: 995: 991: 987: 984: 981: 976: 972: 969: 966: 962: 958: 955: 952: 948: 945: 944: 938: 936: 935:Ottoman Turks 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 882:in 1345 were 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 726:Mongol Empire 722: 720: 716: 715:human history 712: 708: 704: 700: 699: 694: 682: 679:(female Wood- 675: 667: 661: 659: 656: 655: 651: 649: 646: 645: 641: 639: 636: 635: 630: 626: 624: 621: 620: 616: 614: 611: 610: 606: 600: 598: 595: 594: 590: 588: 585: 584: 578: 574: 571: 569: 566: 565: 561: 559: 556: 555: 551: 549: 546: 545: 541: 539: 538:Igbo calendar 536: 535: 531: 529: 526: 525: 521: 519: 518: 513: 512: 508: 506: 505: 500: 499: 495: 493: 492: 491:Vikram Samvat 487: 486: 483: 481: 478: 477: 473: 471: 468: 467: 463: 461: 458: 457: 453: 451: 448: 447: 443: 441: 438: 437: 431: 426: 418: 415:年 (Wood 414: 411: 409: 406: 405: 401: 399: 396: 395: 391: 389: 386: 385: 381: 379: 376: 375: 372: 368: 364: 362: 359: 358: 354: 352: 349: 348: 344: 342: 339: 338: 334: 332: 329: 328: 324: 322: 319: 318: 312: 310: 307: 306: 302: 300: 297: 296: 292: 286: 284: 281: 280: 276: 262: 257: 255: 250: 248: 243: 242: 240: 239: 236: 233: 232: 228: 227: 224: 220: 217: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 201: 200: 196: 195: 190: 187: 185: 184:State leaders 182: 180: 177: 176: 175: 174: 170: 169: 166: 165:1345 by topic 163: 162: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 136: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 116: 114: 111: 108: 107: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 90: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 73: 70: 67: 66: 60: 57: 55: 54: 50: 48: 45: 44: 42: 39: 36: 35: 32: 29: 26: 23: 22: 18:Calendar year 16: 3847: 3840: 3803: 3787: 3782: 3766: 3761: 3744: 3727: 3708: 3676: 3670: 3651: 3645: 3635:February 21, 3633:. Retrieved 3626:the original 3612: 3602: 3597: 3577: 3570: 3550: 3543: 3534: 3514: 3507: 3487: 3480: 3461: 3455: 3436: 3419: 3414:Kupfer, M; " 3410: 3401: 3392: 3375: 3359: 3354: 3338: 3333: 3317: 3312: 3297: 3269: 3253: 3248: 3232: 3227: 3211: 3206: 3190: 3185: 3177: 3172: 3164: 3159: 3143: 3135: 3126: 3117: 3101: 3096: 3088: 3083: 3074: 3068: 3059: 3053: 3037: 3032: 3016: 3011: 3002: 2996: 2980: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2943: 2937: 2929: 2924: 2908: 2852:date unknown 2851: 2820:September 26 2744:September 22 2730:September 18 2673:John Wolflin 2647:date unknown 2646: 2633:Thado Minbya 2559:Adriatic Sea 2549: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2490: 2462: 2446: 2435:On 11 June, 2434: 2403: 2387:Thessalonica 2361: 2356:Stefan Dušan 2339: 2336:queen mother 2324:Ludolf König 2310: 2291: 2268: 2264:Bjarkey Laws 2263: 2240: 2210: 2192: 2188: 2174: 2116: 2112:Saint George 2074: 2039: 2018: 1952: 1933:occurred in 1925: 1886: 1858:Black Plague 1841: 1824:York Minster 1812:Black Plague 1793: 1790:Other events 1764: 1756: 1737: 1721: 1709: 1665: 1629: 1615: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1548: 1531: 1504: 1495:Ming dynasty 1479:Yellow River 1475:Yuan dynasty 1472: 1469:Yuan dynasty 1462:Ming dynasty 1458:Yuan dynasty 1440:Danishmendji 1431: 1423: 1411: 1398:Transylvania 1379: 1375:Black Plague 1359:Golden Horde 1356: 1353:Golden Horde 1334:Hasan Buzurg 1326:Malek Ashraf 1299: 1277:Golden Horde 1269:Yuan dynasty 1254: 1222: 1199: 1196:Western Asia 1191:Asia in 1345 1178: 1123:September 26 1109:September 18 980:Black Plague 924: 920:Thessalonica 877: 775: 750:Yuan dynasty 738:Golden Horde 723: 711:14th century 696: 692: 690: 673: 604: 515: 504:Shaka Samvat 502: 489: 434:4043 or 3836 424: 421:4042 or 3835 290: 133: 87: 51: 15: 3837:Pellat, Ch. 3829:Schacht, J. 3370:pgs. 53–54. 2840:, queen of 2834:November 13 2637:Ava kingdom 2521:Sancta Unio 2469:Giustiniani 2395:Dyrrhachium 2149:) received 2143:Palaiologos 2135:Alessandria 2119:Acqui Terme 2054:Ghibellines 1928:eucharistic 1820:Reconquista 1638:Ibn Battuta 1555:Nanboku-chō 1481:flooded in 1261:Kublai Khan 1229:Alexios III 1175:in Gascony. 1165:in Gascony. 1010:defeat the 805:Reconquista 787:, with the 664:(male Wood- 627:567 before 371:Edw. 3 367:Edw. 3 3809:Rypka, Jan 3264:pgs. 236–7 3140:Huang, Ray 2970:. 2, p.729 2919:pg.104–105 2881:References 2720:, titular 2703:January 17 2629:December 7 2615:October 31 2603:, wife of 2517:Aegean Sea 2313:Grand Duke 2279:Suur-Pakri 2243:Baltic Sea 2147:Montferrat 1971:William IV 1969:. In 1345 1943:last rites 1917:William IV 1781:A coin of 1626:Gajah Mada 1611:Mon Empire 1519:Harihara I 1444:Bayan Qulï 1428:Qazan Khan 1346:Hesn Kayfa 1338:Diyarbakır 1330:Yagi Basti 1314:Jalayirids 1279:, and the 1245:Adrianople 1225:Alexios II 1159:November 8 1145:October 21 947:January 17 890:, and the 767:Gajah Mada 748:, and the 25:Millennium 3864:495469456 3846:Volume I: 3833:Lewis, B. 3048:, p. 474. 2991:, p. 465. 2571:January 8 2491:In 1344, 2481:Aquileian 2368:Macedonia 2247:Stockholm 2133:received 2092:Gamenario 2030:Friesland 2006:monastery 1987:Enkhuizen 1975:Zuiderzee 1963:Friesland 1957:, as the 1935:Amsterdam 1909:Friesland 1802:, son of 1701:Angoulême 1634:Majapahit 1630:mahapatih 1579:Sukhothai 1540:Sri Lanka 1497:in 1368. 1417:Qara'unas 1367:Black Sea 1310:Chobanids 1306:Abu Sa'id 1302:Ilkhanate 1296:Ilkhanate 1273:Ilkhanate 1243:and then 1206:Ilkhanate 1173:Aiguillon 1083:September 965:Amsterdam 771:Indonesia 755:Sukhothai 746:Black Sea 730:Ilkhanate 652:1887–1888 591:1257–1258 522:4445–4446 517:Kali Yuga 509:1266–1267 496:1401–1402 474:5105–5106 464:1337–1338 444:1061–1062 402:6853–6854 335:1266–1267 275:calendars 38:Centuries 3877:Category 3839:(eds.). 3811:(1960). 3142:. 1988. 2932:2, p.530 2836:– 2822:– 2808:– 2794:– 2784:– 2774:– 2760:– 2758:April 14 2746:– 2732:– 2631:– 2599:– 2593:March 25 2577:, poet, 2573:– 2513:Umur Beg 2499:and the 2449:pronoiar 2422:Umur Beg 2399:Angevins 2316:Jaunutis 2298:Saaremaa 2285:through 2235:Algirdas 2137:and the 2058:Lombards 2050:Angevins 1995:Stavoren 1889:Louis IV 1752:Josselin 1603:Đại Việt 1491:Buddhist 1421:Chagatai 1400:and his 1386:Moldavia 1342:Anatolia 1322:Sati Beg 1312:and the 1265:khanates 1237:John III 1169:December 1163:La Réole 1131:Frisians 1035:'s son, 1033:Louis IV 1026:Umur Beg 1012:Angevins 1008:Lombards 1000:April 22 971:March 24 957:March 15 888:Bulgaria 873:Algirdas 869:Jaunutis 829:Frisians 813:Louis IV 701:) was a 514: - 501: - 488: - 365:18 3777:pg. 212 3756:pg. 455 3739:pg. 191 3601:Migne, 3387:pg. 126 3349:pg. 102 3328:pg. 212 3281:pg. 376 3222:pg. 120 3201:pg. 247 2806:July 28 2792:July 24 2786:Momchil 2772:June 11 2473:Dvigrad 2410:Momchil 2406:Rhodope 2391:Albania 2346:Balkans 2326:. The 2271:Estonia 2251:customs 2203:Peruzzi 2127:Valenza 2104:Angevin 2096:Lombard 2066:Santena 2062:commune 2032:today. 1983:crusade 1979:Flemish 1965:in the 1931:miracle 1919:at the 1905:Zeeland 1901:Holland 1897:Hainaut 1891:'s son 1748:Cadoret 1732:Quimper 1693:Agenais 1607:Lopburi 1402:Székely 1394:Voivode 1202:Georgia 1153:Gascony 1135:Holland 1095:Zeeland 1091:Hainaut 1087:Holland 1077:Gascony 1055:Rhodope 1051:Momchil 880:Balkans 857:Estonia 847:in the 817:Holland 801:Granada 777:England 698:MCCCXLV 681:Rooster 605:MCCCXLV 562:745–746 552:723–724 542:345–346 430:Rooster 291:MCCCXLV 171:Leaders 69:Decades 3862: 3835:& 3798:pg. 65 3794: 3773: 3752: 3735: 3715: 3683: 3658: 3607:, 109. 3585: 3558: 3522: 3495: 3468: 3443: 3383: 3366: 3345: 3324: 3304: 3277: 3260: 3243:pg. 26 3239: 3218: 3197: 3154:. 149. 3150: 3108: 3044: 3023: 2987: 2950: 2915: 2782:July 7 2697:Deaths 2682:Queen 2565:Births 2546:Africa 2540:Levant 2536:Smyrna 2509:Imbros 2505:Smyrna 2497:Venice 2477:Istria 2372:Serres 2275:Padise 2255:Lödöse 2211:ciompi 2207:Medici 2180:Joan I 2151:Chieri 2125:, and 2052:) and 2046:Guelfs 2014:armour 1999:Laaxum 1828:Gothic 1699:) and 1599:Champa 1595:Angkor 1392:, the 1275:, the 1271:, the 1267:: The 1137:under 1129:: The 1117:Aversa 1065:August 1043:July 7 1006:: The 959:– The 951:Smyrna 941:Events 931:Imbros 884:Serbia 853:Swedes 811:under 781:France 761:, the 666:Monkey 632:民前567年 581:(貞和元年) 417:Monkey 315:ԹՎ ՉՂԴ 207:Deaths 203:Births 3815:. In 3629:(PDF) 3622:(PDF) 2651:King 2583:Sivas 2465:Chios 2340:reise 2332:Jewna 2306:Valga 2199:Siena 2123:Ivrea 2070:Turin 2036:Italy 2021:Warns 1750:near 1643:Koran 1551:Japan 1483:Jinan 1363:Kaffa 1291:Iran. 1016:Turin 986:April 927:Chios 837:Italy 691:Year 532:11345 110:Years 100:1360s 95:1350s 89:1340s 83:1330s 78:1320s 3883:1345 3860:OCLC 3792:ISBN 3771:ISBN 3750:ISBN 3733:ISBN 3713:ISBN 3681:ISBN 3656:ISBN 3637:2007 3583:ISBN 3556:ISBN 3520:ISBN 3493:ISBN 3466:ISBN 3441:ISBN 3381:ISBN 3364:ISBN 3343:ISBN 3322:ISBN 3302:ISBN 3275:ISBN 3258:ISBN 3237:ISBN 3216:ISBN 3195:ISBN 3148:ISBN 3106:ISBN 3042:ISBN 3021:ISBN 2985:ISBN 2948:ISBN 2913:ISBN 2846:1323 2844:(b. 2814:1285 2800:1290 2766:1287 2752:1281 2738:1327 2736:(b. 2688:1399 2686:(d. 2677:1393 2675:(d. 2667:1405 2657:1386 2641:1367 2639:(d. 2623:1383 2621:(d. 2609:1369 2607:(d. 2597:1347 2587:1398 2585:(d. 2579:kadi 2379:Tsar 2283:13th 2108:Asti 2088:Alba 2040:The 1997:and 1907:and 1806:and 1760:John 1515:Gaur 1436:amir 1432:ulus 1424:ulus 1380:The 1300:The 1255:The 1183:Asia 1103:1347 1093:and 929:and 910:and 779:and 693:1345 677:阴木鸡年 662:阳木猴年 642:−123 617:3678 601:1345 577:Jōwa 575:4 / 573:Kōei 454:2511 382:1889 355:2295 325:6095 303:2098 287:1345 151:1348 146:1347 141:1346 135:1345 129:1344 124:1343 119:1342 3852:doi 3848:A–B 3418:", 2595:or 2475:in 2249:'s 2145:of 2064:of 1396:of 1369:.) 1151:in 1071:- 1022:May 918:in 629:ROC 392:707 345:752 313:794 3879:: 3858:. 3844:. 3831:; 3827:; 3823:; 3819:; 3695:^ 3427:^ 3296:, 3286:^ 3125:. 2900:^ 2888:^ 2859:, 2561:. 2542:. 2451:). 2443:: 2129:. 2121:, 2072:. 1903:, 1899:, 1774:. 1762:. 1754:. 1561:, 1388:. 1283:. 1147:– 1125:– 1119:). 1111:– 1089:, 1085:– 1075:, 1067:– 1045:– 1002:– 988:– 973:– 967:). 937:. 894:. 886:, 835:. 795:, 773:. 721:. 413:甲申 221:– 205:– 112:: 71:: 40:: 27:: 3866:. 3854:: 3721:. 3689:. 3664:. 3639:. 3591:. 3564:. 3528:. 3501:. 3474:. 3449:. 3129:. 3112:. 2956:. 2848:) 2830:) 2816:) 2768:) 2754:) 2740:) 2690:) 2679:) 2669:) 2659:) 2643:) 2625:) 2611:) 2589:) 2358:. 2056:( 2048:( 1464:. 1105:. 1061:. 1018:. 996:. 982:. 953:. 695:( 683:) 668:) 579:1 432:) 419:) 260:e 253:t 246:v

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