14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

2441: 854: 990:. The bulletin also said the creation of the Galicia Division would undermine the prestige of the idea of a Ukrainian state. The OUN-B was not in contact with the Ukrainian Central Committee and had no involvement in the division's creation. Roman Shukhevych's UPA discouraged young men in Galicia from joining it and instead tried to recruit them for their guerilla army. But the UPA later changed its position out of pragmatism. The organization lacked trained recruits and had a shortage of resources that prevent it from becoming a significant force. Therefore, Shukhevych secretly met with a Ukrainian member of Wächter's military board in early October 1943. In the meeting they arranged to send UPA volunteers into the division to receive training, weapons, and intelligence, taking advantage of the Galicia Division as much as they could for the movement's benefit, before having them desert and rejoin the UPA. Shukhevych also said he respected the decision of anyone who joined the Galicia Division and considered them to be Ukrainian patriots. 1090: 1082: 926:. He added that the division would also have chaplains from the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church because Galicia's population was very religious. Various logistical matters related to the unit were discussed, as well as methods of recruitment and propaganda. A recruitment committee was established along with a military board consisting of Ukrainian military veterans and other Ukrainian advisors. A ceremony was held in Lviv on 28 April 1943 where Wächter announced the creation of the Galicia Division. He received Himmler's final approval shortly after that, despite the opposition of Erich Koch to any Ukrainian military units being formed. Himmler also believed that Galician Ukrainians were more Germanized because they had been part of the Austrian empire, and that the Galicians were more "Aryan-like." Thus it became the second non- 1418:

additional 2,000 survived, but in the retreat either joined the UPA or were combined into other German units, before returning to the Galicia Division weeks later. Freitag resumed his role as the commander of the Ukrainian survivors who made it out of the pocket and retreated west with the remnants of XIII Corps. The German high command believed that the Ukrainians had performed well given the conditions at Brody. Freitag and his chief of staff met with Himmler, who had taken a personal interest in the Galicia Division, in Berlin after the battle. Himmler defended the Ukrainians' performance in the battle when Freitag proposed that the division be disbanded, and gave the order to rebuild the Galicia Division on 8 August 1944. The survivors entered the

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against the partisans, neither of which were successful, as the partisans were able to evade and escape from the Galicia Division due to the mountainous terrain slowing down the division's movements and giving the partisans time to detect their approach. During its stay in this area the Galicia Division was reinforced with another Ukrainian battalion under German leadership, known as the Ukrainian Self-Defence Legion, along with Ukrainians from various other German units that sought to join the division as the Third Reich faced collapse. In April 1945 they also absorbed about 2,500

104: 91: 71: 1444:. More volunteers from Galicia were accepted into the division as well, though they were different from those who had joined in 1943. Many of them joined for reasons other than Ukrainian nationalist sentiment, such as to escape from the difficult conditions in Galicia, and had very little interest in the Ukrainian national cause. The training of the new recruits was also of lower quality, due to the lack of time, equipment, and ammunition. After the division was rebuilt, it reportedly had 286 officers and 13,999 NCOs and soldiers. On 30 September 1944, Freitag was awarded the 1594:. The Ukrainians had about 22,000 troops at the end of 1944 and the start of 1945, including the Training and Reserve Regiment. There were claims in Slovak sources that the Ukrainian troops were involved in looting supplies from the civilian population as they evacuated. Around that time the unit was renamed as the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian), being called the Ukrainian Division for the first time by the German military command. Many of the division's members remained unaware of this change and continued using the name Galicia. 1015:

there were 80,000 volunteers for the SS Division Galicia, of whom 53,000 were admitted. About 25,000 were deemed fit for service and 13,245 passed the medical examination. They were sent to training; 1,487 were dropped during the training period, leaving the division with 11,758 personnel. Those volunteers were mostly between the ages of 18 and 30, many from a middle class professional background or from farming families. Most of the soldiers in the division were Ukrainian Greek Catholics, with the exception of a small number of Ukrainian Orthodox. The

853: 1026:, the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Wehrmacht (including the former Nachtigall and Roland battalions), or the Austro-Hungarian Army. In addition to these, 1,000 of the Ukrainian recruits who enlisted in 1943 who had had higher education were sent to officer or NCO training schools. Most of the Ukrainian officers remained at the company level or below. Dmytro Paliiv, who was a veteran of the Sich Riflemen, was appointed the Ukrainian political advisor to the Galicia Division's German commander. 1973:. On 23 February 1944, two members of a detachment of the division were shot by the self-defense forces. Five days later, a mixed force of Ukrainian police and German soldiers shelled the village before entering it and ordering all the civilians to gather together. In the ensuing massacre, the village of Huta Pienacka was destroyed, and between 500 and 1,000 of the inhabitants were killed. According to Polish accounts, civilians were locked in barns that were set on fire, while those attempting to flee were killed. 1562:

destroyed entire villages during anti-partisan operations. Ukrainian civilian refugees also left Galicia for Slovakia around that time, where they were given refuge by the Tiso government, and some members of the division thought they might find their relatives in the country. It was also reported that about 200 Ukrainian soldiers defected from the Galicia Division to the Slovak partisans while they were stationed in Slovakia. Additionally, a November 1944 report on the UPA and the OUN by the German general

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Waffen-SS units. Now the 14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division, it consisted of three 'grenadier' (infantry) regiments and an assortment of specialized units, though they were not yet at full strength. In the last months of 1943 and early 1944 the division received additional troops from disbanded police regiments and from new volunteers. In January 1944, Freitag left for several weeks to attend a training course for division commanders, and in his absence the commanding officer was

846: 2323: 6862: 910:. As a former part of the Austrian empire, Galicia was governed separately from the rest of Ukraine, and was also the only region where Ukrainians were allowed to participate in its administration in a significant way. Wächter wanted to make the region an example for changing German policy toward Ukraine. In early 1943 Wächter discussed the matter of a Ukrainian SS division with Himmler, and received Himmler's approval for the basic idea on 28 March 1943. 720: 1113:

selected to become officers, NCOs, or chaplains, were sent to various other locations throughout Europe before returning to the rest of the division. The German instructors noted that the Ukrainian recruits were enthusiastic and dedicated. During their training the recruits also received two hours per week of political education by company commanders in National Socialism, which aimed to instill in them the belief in the victory of the Third Reich.

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its assembling. In mid-May 1944, Heinrich Himmler visited Neuhammer to inspect the division. During that time he gave a speech to the Galicia Division's officers in which he acknowledged them as Ukrainian (as opposed to Galician), saying that he should have designated the division Ukrainian from the beginning, and that the German and Ukrainian members must be treated as equals. After his inspection, Himmler informed the commander of

1047:, was reluctant to give more authority to Ukrainian officers since they did not have recent combat experience, which caused tensions between the Germans and the Ukrainians. Freitag was a committed National Socialist and was focused on instilling the Ukrainians with "the Prussian spirit" to turn the Galicia Division into an effective fighting force. The division's chief of staff from January 1944 until the end of the war, Wehrmacht 1350:, which suffered heavy losses in the initial Soviet offensive, causing the Galicia Division to be sent to reinforce its sector of the front. The 29th and 30th regiments of the Galicia Division, supported by the division's artillery regiment, put up unexpectedly fierce resistance. Pidhirtsy changed hands several times before the Galicians were finally overwhelmed by the late afternoon, and at Olesko a major Soviet attack using 1938: 1383:. Freitag remained with the Corps staff while Lindemann organized the withdrawal of the Galicia Division remnants to the south. Some Ukrainian assault groups remained intact, others joined German units, and others fled or melted away. The Ukrainian 14th SS Fusilier battalion, which at this point had also largely disintegrated, came to form the rearguard of what was left of the entire XIII Corps. Holding the town of 1247: 741:. The willingness of the German military to work with Ukrainian nationalists led them to believe that Germany would recognize Ukrainian independence in the future in exchange for their assistance. An OUN battalion accompanied German forces into Poland in September 1939, but when Germany allowed the Soviet Union to occupy Eastern Galicia, the battalion was withdrawn by its leadership. The OUN itself was led by 838: 6895: 1358: 962:

officers, and its soldiers would be given the same benefits as other Wehrmacht and SS personnel. Kubiyovych said after the war that the Germans largely met his demands. The Germans also made another concession, by adding the phrase to the division's oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler that it was in his role as "the Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces in the struggle against Bolshevism."

1874:. The Waffen-SS Galizien destroyed several Polish communities in western Ukraine during the winter and spring of 1944. Specifically, the 4th and 5th SS Police Regiments have been accused of murdering Polish civilians in the course of anti-guerilla activity. At the time of their actions, those units were not yet under Divisional command, but were under German police command. Yale historian 958:, and throughout the occupation it appealed to German officials to minimize or prevent brutal policies from being imposed. The organization's motivation for supporting the Galicia Division included the desire to create a Ukrainian military force, and given that Ukrainians were already being used by Germany, it would be better if they were concentrated in a single Ukrainian unit. 4457: 1606:, Slovenia, in two separate groups on 31 January 1945, marching there because the railway lines were unavailable. The division had the opportunity to continue rebuilding and rearming itself while in Slovakia, as well as gaining experience in security operations, and the march to its new posting was successful. Divisional units were spread out in the Slovenian region of 2440: 1716:, the 1st Ukrainian Division remained in effect part of the German military right up to the end of the war. On 6 May 1945 the German commanders in southeast Austria made the decision for all units to withdraw from the front line to surrender to the Americans or the British in the west instead of the Red Army. The Ukrainians surrendered to British troops at 1670:, in southeast Austria alongside other German units, such as the IV SS Panzer Corps. From 15 to 17 April, the Galicia Division defeated a Soviet attack on Gleichenberg, which had placed the village's castle, held by Ukrainians, under siege. A relief force from the rest of the division reached the troops in the castle and pushed back the Soviets. 1558:, the center of the insurgency, where they recaptured it from the rebels. Some of its members were personally decorated by Slovak President Josef Tiso. German commanders and members of Tiso's Slovak government acknowledged that the Ukrainians from the Galicia Division had a significant role in fighting the uprising in northwest Slovakia. 711:

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance were among those arrested and deported, and the party's dissolution by the Soviets left the OUN as the only functional Ukrainian political organization remaining in Galicia, since it was already an underground movement because of its conflict with the Polish government in the 1920s and 1930s.

4441: 2281:(Soldiers Division "Galicia" Street), and in Lviv there are memorial plaques in honour of the soldiers who fought in the division. On 23 September 2020, the Ukrainian Supreme Court ruled that symbols of SS Division Galicia do not belong to the Nazis and therefore were not banned in the country. The same argument was made by the 4282:

commission of acts declared criminal by Article 6 of the Charter, or who were personally implicated as members of the organization in the commission of such crimes, excluding, however, those who were drafted into membership by the State in such a way as to give them no choice in the matter, and who had committed no such crimes.

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Reich and its responsibility in the mass killings of Jews, Ukrainians and Poles: "They represent this division as fighting not for Nazi Germany, but for Ukrainian independence. They fought under German command until the end of the Second World War". This process was opposed by Canadian Jewish groups.

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concluded that the 4th and 5th SS Galizien Police regiments did kill the civilians within the village, but added that the grisly reports by eyewitnesses in the Polish accounts were "hard to come up with" and that the likelihood was "difficult to believe". The institute also noted that, at the time of

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has stated that the Germans formed several SS police regiments (numbered from 4 to 8) which included "Galizien" in their name. Those police regiments joined the division in Spring 1944. On 23 February 1944, before being incorporated into the division, the 4th and 5th police regiments had participated

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Ukrainian and German sources claim that the troops of the Galicia Division generally had good relations with the Slovak civilian population, and that Slovak guides worked with the division, though there are accusations from Slovak sources that some of them carried out repraisals against civilians and

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was also in favor. At the same time, it was met with a mixed reaction from the underground Ukrainian nationalist movement. The Galicia Division was supported by Andriy Melnyk's moderate faction of the OUN, who saw it as a counterweight to the extremist Banderite-dominated UPA, and by some officers of

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men from the 14th SS assisted in rounding-up Jewish people. On 4 March 1944, 14th SS men and German gendarmé conducted pacfication operations at the village Wicyń (Vitsyn) in Poland. On the same day, 600 villagers were murdered in the villages of Czernicy, Palikrowy, and Malinska. In April 1944, the

1542:, the Galician regiments and battalions were spread out in an area that was 47 miles from north to south and 65 miles from east to west. The Galicia Division maintained order in the towns there and carried out successful actions against Slovak partisans, according to the German military commander in 1334:

flew aircraft sorties and bombed them as they attempted their counterattack. On 18 July, the division's Field Replacement Battalion largely escaped the encirclement and were reported as having fled west, whilst the remainder of XIII Corps, consisting of over 30,000 German and Ukrainian soldiers, was

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detachment rejoined the rest of the division in Neuhammer shortly after. At this time the division reportedly had 12,901 members. At the new location the division was joined by Ukrainian officers and NCOs who had completed their training elsewhere, along with new recruits from Galicia, and completed

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Your homeland has become so much more beautiful since you have lost – on our initiative, I must say – those residents who were so often a dirty blemish on Galicia's good name, namely the Jews ... I know that if I ordered you to liquidate the Poles ... I would be giving you permission to do what you

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against "Major War Criminals" did not specifically mention this unit, but ruled that all persons who had been officially accepted as members of the SS after 1 September 1939 and who became or remained members of the organization with knowledge that it was being used for the commission of war crimes

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to intervene on behalf of the division, whom he described as "good Catholics and fervent anti-Communists". Due to Vatican intervention, the British authorities changed the status of the division members from POW to surrendered enemy personnel. 176 soldiers of the division, mainly prewar Polish Army

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The SS leader in Ljubljana was satisfied with the division's early successful operations against the local Yugoslav Partisan units, and decided to expand their role, sending some Ukrainian units to assist the Wehrmacht in the mountains south of Ljubljana. They carried out two large-scale operations

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In September 1943 the division's headquarters staff was established under the command of Walter Schimana, before Fritz Freitag succeeded Schimana as the division commander two months later. Also in October the division was renamed and its units were renumbered in accordance with a reorganization of

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The Tribunal declares to be criminal within the meaning of the Charter the group composed of those persons who had been officially accepted as members of the SS as enumerated in the preceding paragraph who became or remained members of the organization with knowledge that it was being used for the

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The commission completed its work without consideration of soviet evidence. The commission would not travel to Europe. No evidence or witness testimony from organizations and victims where the alleged crimes took place in Eastern Europe was taken or used in the investigation. Rabbi Marvin Hier, of

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found that screening was virtually 'non-existent' for Ukrainian SS veterans who entered Canada in 1950." He added that entry into Canada was based on "false assurances" from the U.K. that they were not war criminals. It was discovered that in 1947 the Foreign Office lied to parliament, that the SS

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of the National Army arrived at the division headquarters to take command on 19 April. The current commander, Freitag, had received notice ahead of time from Fritz Arlt of the SS Eastern Volunteers Office informing him of the agreement with the Ukrainian National Committee. Together with Shandruk,

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In the early morning of 22 July, the 14th Fusilier battalion abandoned Bilyi Kamin. The Brody pocket was now only 4 to 5 miles (6.4–8.0 kilometres) long and wide. The German and Ukrainian soldiers were instructed to attack with everything they had by moving forward until they broke through or

1315:, the division was initially in reserve. Deployed at Brody were the division's 29th, 30th, 31st Waffen-Grenadier regiments, a fusilier and an engineering battalion, along with its artillery regiment. The Field Replacement Battalion was deployed fifteen miles (24 kilometres) behind the other units. 701:

while the region was part of Poland, a party that stood for democracy and the development of the Ukrainian nation through increasing self-reliance and building up Ukrainian institutions. The other purpose of the party was to represent Ukrainian ethnic interests, and it became the largest Ukrainian

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apologized on the 24th for inviting the veteran stating "I have subsequently become aware of more information which causes me to regret my decision . I wish to make clear that no one, including fellow parliamentarians and the Ukraine delegation, was aware of my intention or of my remarks before I

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The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) is today honored by many Ukrainian nationalists. On 28 April, an annual march is organised locally in Lviv to celebrate the anniversary of the division's foundation. On 30 April 2021, after the march was held in Kyiv, Ukrainian President

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Former soldiers of SS "Galizien" were allowed to emigrate to Canada and the United Kingdom in 1947. The names of about 8,000 men from the division who were admitted to the UK have been stored in the so-called "Rimini List". Despite several requests of various lobby groups, the details of the list

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In early May 1943 the recruitment process slowly began. Rallies were held across cities and towns in Galicia for two months, and by mid-1943, as the division received support from retired Ukrainian officers and the UPA, recruitment picked up. After the first three months of the recruitment drive,

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The unit was initially opposed by the OUN-B and the UPA. A bulletin published by them in May 1943 criticized the creation of a German-led Ukrainian division, as it would deprive their nationalist movement of potential recruits by using them as cannon fodder, and went on to say that it represented

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In July 1943, Wächter argued with Himmler about his order forbidding the use of "Ukrainian" in the name to discourage Ukrainian statehood, but Himmler stood firm and insisted on calling the division members "Galicians" instead of Ukrainians. The regional symbol of Galicia was used as the division

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Ukrainian-Canadian political science professor Ivan Katchanovski stated that the supporters of the SS Galicia Division in Canada, where many of their members immigrated after the Second World War, attempted to portray it as a patriotic military formation, despite its collaboration with the Third

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By the end of that day, in the face of overwhelming Soviet attacks, the 14th Galician Division as a whole disintegrated. Late on 19 July its German commander, Fritz Freitag, resigned his command and was called in for service with XIII Corps staff. Command of all remaining units was then given to

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There is a dispute over whether the change in its status as a Ukrainian National Army unit was formally acknowledged amidst the deteriorating war situation in Germany. Hitler was either unaware the division existed or had forgotten about it, and when he found out during a meeting of generals in

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Freitag presided over the change in name and emblems, and administered to the troops an oath of loyalty to Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. These events took place just weeks before the German surrender. Shandruk continued to work with Freitag and the German officers as the division commander.

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as the sole representative of the Ukrainians in Germany. Formed in late 1944, the organizers of the committee included Andriy Melnyk, Stepan Bandera, and Volodymyr Kubiyovych, the head of the Ukrainian Central Committee, which had been evacuated to Germany as the Red Army advanced. The National

954:. The Ukrainian Central Committee was established in June 1940 in German-occupied Western Galicia with the approval of the German authorities. It had no political status and was meant to organize social and welfare services for the western Ukrainian population, including by cooperating with the 2197:

The following officers were the commanders of the division. Fritz Freitag was the longest serving commander of the Galicia Division, and he continued in that role until the German surrender at the end of the war, at which point he committed suicide. Freitag, the newly appointed commander Pavlo

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Out of the around 11,000 soldiers in the Galicia Division who fought at Brody, only 3,000 escaped the encirclement. The others were killed or taken prisoner by the Soviets, and some of the survivors decided to escape and join the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Another source estimated that an

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camp in the General Government. They were given instruction in combat tactics, rifle, and heavy weapons training. Personnel who required specialized training in different fields (such as anti-tank warfare, communications, animal equipment maintenance, or combat engineering), and those who were

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In return for his support, Kubiyovych obtained assurances from Wächter that the division would be allowed to have chaplains of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, that it would only be used against communist forces on the Eastern Front (and not for Germany's internal security), have Ukrainian

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secret police began mass arrests, murders, and deportations to other parts of the Soviet Union of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in Galicia and other members of the population. These measures lasted for the entire period of Soviet control over the region between 1939 and 1941. The leaders of the

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At a conference of SS officials held by Wächter on 12 April 1943, they came to an agreement regarding the details of the new division. He proposed the name of the unit to be SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (Himmler insisted against using "Ukrainian" in the name), and that it be given standard

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The surviving veterans were combined with 8,000 men who had come from the division's Training and Reserve Regiment, and the officer and NCO candidates who had completed their training courses around that time. More German officers and NCOs were also added to the Galicia Division. Many of the

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which was striking north to relieve the entrapped forces, despite early successes. By this point the Division's 30th and 31st regiments had been destroyed. A second German breakout attempt that began on 21 July ended in failure, but ten miles (16 kilometres) to the west of the pocket, the

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in August 1941. Wächter sympathized with the Ukrainian population, many of whom initially saw the Germans as liberators after the previous years of Soviet oppression, and believed that Germany could work with them against the Soviets. Wächter's governance of Galicia, which was part of the

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Based on postwar studies and veteran accounts after the war, the most common motivation for Ukrainian volunteers in the division was the idea that at some point it would become part of a Ukrainian national army established for the purpose of achieving Ukraine's independence. During the

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was the site of a monastery where Poles sought shelter from the encroaching front. On 11 March 1944, around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were seeking refuge there when the monastery was attacked by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (unit under the command of

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partisans in the village of Huta Pieniacka, which had also served as a shelter for Jews and as a fortified centre for Polish and Soviet guerrillas. Huta Pieniacka was a Polish self-defence outpost, organized by inhabitants of the village and sheltering civilian refugees from

1907:, who was alleged to be a former "deputy company commander" in the division, was implicated in war crimes committed before he joined the division in 1945. According to Associated Press, before joining the Division Karkoc had served as a "lieutenant" of the 2nd Company of the 1395:

were destroyed. Fighting was fierce and desperate. The German and Ukrainian soldiers surging south were able to overwhelm the Soviet 91st Separate Tank Brigade and its infantry support, and to escape by the thousands. The remaining pocket collapsed by the evening of 22 July.

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that the Galicia Division was ready to be sent into battle. In mid-June they were also visited by the leaders of the Ukrainian Central Committee. Towards the end of the month, it was decided that the division would be deployed to the area of western Ukraine being held by the

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Polish witness accounts state that the soldiers were accompanied by Ukrainian nationalists (paramilitary unit under Włodzimierz Czerniawski's command), which included members of the UPA, as well as inhabitants of nearby villages who took property from households. The

467:) from its creation until October 1943. It then became the 14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division, before being renamed again in June 1944 as the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division (1st Galician) until November 1944, when its designation was changed to 1st Ukrainian ( 4988: 2198:

Shandruk, who had taken command in the last days of the war, and Otto Wächter arranged the surrender to the Western Allies. The Ukrainian general Mykhailo Krat was briefly in command of the troops after the surrender, when they were held at a prison camp.

810:. Both Melnyk and Bandera were kept under arrest by the Germans until 1944, and the Germans spent the summer and fall of 1941 detaining OUN leaders and members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. The OUN units with the Wehrmacht became fully integrated as 5824:

Bolianovskyi, Andrii; Młynarczyk, Jacek Andrzej; Rein, Leonid; Romanko, Oleg (2017). "Eastern Europe: Belarusian auxiliaries, Ukrainian Waffen-SS soldiers, and the special case of the Polish 'Blue Police'". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.).

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14th SS burned the Polish villages of Budki Nieznanowskie in Kamionka Strumiłowa, Iasenytsia Polsk in Kamionka Strumiłowa, and Pawłów in Radziechowsk. 22 villagers were murdered in Chatki, in the district of Pohajce by "deserters" from the 14th SS.

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troops and local guerilla fighters, along with Soviet partisans and paratroopers who were airlifted into Slovakia. On 22 September 1944, the Galicia Division was ordered to send a battlegroup to Slovakia to assist German forces in putting down the

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stated: "We categorically condemn any manifestation of propaganda of totalitarian regimes, in particular the National Socialist, and attempts to revise truth about World War II." The march was condemned by the German and Israeli governments.

1131:, who was normally the commander of the divisional artillery. In early February, the division sent a company to Lviv to serve as an honor guard at the funeral of two of the Galicia governor's senior staff members who had been assassinated. 6099: 1740:

a prewar Polish Army colleague, asking him to protect the army against the deportation to Soviet Union. There is credible evidence that despite Soviet pressure, Anders managed to protect the Ukrainian troops, as former citizens of the

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operations against Soviet guerilla fighters from 28 February until 27 March 1944. They attacked a partisan group, inflicting casualties, and discovered hidden weapons caches. About 20 to 25 Galicia Division soldiers were killed. The

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that launched an offensive into Slovakia from Hungary. In mid-January the frontline was approaching close to the division's headquarters in Žilina. On 25 January 1945 the division received an order to move from Slovakia to the

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broke through Soviet lines and briefly established contact with the Brody pocket. They sent a message on 21 July to the 1st Panzer Army headquarters that thousands of men from the pocket were rescued before they were repulsed.

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Four police regiments were also formed from some of those who volunteered for the Galicia Division but did not meet the basic military requirements; they were given the name Galician SS Volunteer Regiments 4 through 7 (German:

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said the commission, "did not go far enough" and added "not to pursue investigations against individuals merely for being members of the Galicia Division did not necessarily mean the individual veterans were all innocent."

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was used for SS infantry divisions that primarily consisted of non-Germanic people, as a way of getting around the organization's racial policies, because these units were subordinated to the SS but not fully part of it.

761:, though the OUN was responsible for their training and political leadership. Melnyk's faction, the OUN-M, also formed its own unit with the Germans. Both had the intent to eventually participate in a German invasion of 534:

ruled that symbols of SS Division Galicia do not belong to the Nazis and were not banned in the country. On 30 April 2021, after a public march that prominently displayed SS Division Galicia symbols, Ukrainian President

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unit. The next day, 12 March, the monastery was captured and civilians were murdered (part of the population managed to escape at night). From 12 to 16 March, other civilians were also killed in the town of Pidkamin.

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The SS-Galizien began its career with the destruction of several Polish communities in winter and spring 1944. Best known is the burning of Huta Pieniacka in February 1944 and the murder of about five hundred of its

2551:, on the side of a Ukrainian credit union building. The mayor of the city, James R. Fouts, once informed of the monument, stated that: "There's not even a minute chance that we would support anything like this." 945:

Besides obtaining the approval of Himmler and the SS hierarchy, Wächter also worked with Ukrainian community leaders in Galicia, finding widespread support for the division among them. One of these figures was

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58- Charges of war crimes against members of the Galicia Division have never been substantiated, either in 1950 when they were first preferred, or in 1984 when they were renewed, or before this Commission.

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mid-March 1945, he gave an order, which was never implemented, for the Ukrainians to be disarmed and their weapons to be given to a German division. But because of the situation at the front line and the

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much of the population of Galicia and its political class wanted to have their own army, ever since the existence of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen in World War I and the later Ukrainian People's Republic.

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stated: "According to the witness' testimonies, and in the light of the collected documentation, there is no doubt that the 4th battalion 'Galizien' of the 14th division of SS committed the crime".

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Estimates of victims range from 150, by Polish historian Grzegorz Motyka, to 250, according to the researchers of the Institute of History of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Members of another

1387:, it enabled units or stragglers to escape to the south and was able to withstand several Soviet attempts to overwhelm it. By the evening of 21 July, it remained the only intact unit north of the 4672: 1805: 512: 4731: 1800:, with the exception of those who were drafted into membership by the State and did not commit crimes. Members of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS were volunteers and members of the 4237: 6901: 4659: 1097:

The recruits began leaving for training on 18 July 1943, and they were seen off by a rally of over 50,000 people in Lviv. Around this time the division received its first commanding officer,

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The Commission considered the International Military Tribunal's verdict at the Nuremberg Trials, at which the entire Waffen-SS organisation was declared a "criminal organization" guilty of

5077:[Resolution of the Sejm on paying tribute to the victims of genocide committed by Ukrainian nationalists against citizens of the Second Republic of Poland in the years 1943-1945]. 1497:. In early November the 700 of them who were still alive rejoined the rest of the Galicia Division in Slovakia. They were commended for their performance by the Wiking Division commander, 1276:

for the purpose of breaking through German lines in Galicia and western Ukraine. It was opposed by Germany's Army Group North Ukraine, which was tasked with holding the area between the

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Panzer Divisions along with a single regiment from the Galicia Division (the 30th) were deployed in a counterattack against the Soviet penetration in the Koltiv area, while the Soviet

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that same month. The 1st Ukrainian Front vastly outnumbered Army Group North Ukraine in infantry, tanks, and artillery. The Galicia Division was ordered to reinforce them, joining the

1185:. On 27 June 1944, it was renamed the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician). They departed from Neuhammer towards western Ukraine on the following day, 28 June 1944. 1051:

Wolf-Dietrich Heike, noted that there was a shortage of German officers and NCOs, and that many of them were unsuited for working with the Ukrainians because of cultural differences.

5303: 4610:("Findings resulting from the investigation into the crime of genocide of SS 'GALIZIEN' officers and Ukrainian nationalists against Poles in Huta Pieniacka on February 28, 1944") 6671: 6539: 931: 5056: 1022:

Ukrainians with previous experience as officers or NCOs were conscripted into the Galicia Division when it was established. These Ukrainian officers had previously served in the

1307:

In July 1944, together with six German infantry divisions, the Galicia Division was responsible for holding a front of approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) near the town of

2474:

59- Further, in the absence of evidence of participation in or knowledge of specific war crimes, mere membership in the Galicia Division is insufficient to justify prosecution.

4966: 4608:"Ustalenia wynikające ze śledztwa w sprawie zbrodni ludobójstwa funkcjonariuszy SS 'GALIZIEN' i nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w Hucie Pieniackiej 28 lutego 1944 roku" 4270: 6940: 1767:

have never been officially released; it is available online for public inspection at the Schevchenko Archive in Linden Gardens, London. In 2003 the anti-terrorist branch of

1473:

From 28 July to 3 November 1944, a detachment of 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers from the Galicia Division's Training and Reserve Regiment was dispatched to central Poland, in the

1365:

On 20 July, the German divisions within the pocket attempted a breakout which failed partly because rain on the previous day had made the roads impassable for the armour of

951: 1019:

Vasyl Laba, a close associate of Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, became the head chaplain of the division, and it initially had a total of twelve chaplains.

6557: 5383: 4546: 6935: 5766: 4271:

The United States of America; The French Republic; The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1 October 1946).

6813: 1346:. The Soviets wanted to collapse the Brody pocket by focusing their attack at what they perceived to be its weakest point; this was not the Galicia Division but the 6482: 6930: 6753: 6680: 5356: 6666: 6491: 5269: 5238: 4855: 1423: 1128: 1029:

The division was led by a German commander and a staff of German officers at the senior levels. All of them except the chief of staff were brought over from the

6711: 6661: 6656: 6600: 5418: 4203: 745:

from August 1939, though part of its local branch in Galicia had disagreements with him, and in February 1940 that faction broke away under the leadership of

6566: 6743: 6391: 5706: 4177: 1666:. The evacuation from the Yugoslav side of the border into Austria was completed on 1 April 1945. The division fought against Soviet troops, including the 6465: 5930: 5038: 4327: 6474: 4833: 4680: 1262:

remained under German control. In the spring the Soviets began pushing into the regions of western Ukraine that had been part of Poland before the war.

1258:

while Germany attempted to hold on to the territory it still had. Most of Ukraine had been retaken by the Red Army, but the majority of Belarus and the

1089: 1081: 6945: 6548: 4735: 4569: 1879: 1819:

detachments. Among those who had transferred from these police detachments, some had been members of a coastal defense unit that had been stationed in

5196: 4229: 6950: 5107:

w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1943—1945

679: 4655: 2357:

before walking back on it soon after. The monument was removed on 9 March 2024. There is also a monument to the division in St. Michael's Cemetery,

1823:, while others came from two police battalions that had been formed in the spring of 1943, probably too late to have participated in the systematic 1391:

even though several of its former members recorded that by 19 July there was chaos in the fusilier battalion, and it was running out of ammunition.

5525: 1831: 818: 646:

of Galicia in particular had a majority Ukrainian population along with Polish and Jewish minorities. Regardless, in early 1920 the leaders of the

1148:

group, which entered Poland from Belarus. Beyersdorff believed the division was unprepared, but complied with the order, because it came from the

662:

that gave Poland the entirety of Galicia in exchange for military support against the Soviets. After Polish military victories during the ensuing

2421: 1073:(Order Police) of the SS. In the spring of 1944 the police regiments were dissolved and their personnel were combined into the Galicia Division. 4364: 6767: 6734: 6530: 6034: 1570:, claimed that Galicia Division members were in contact with the UPA and were giving their equipment to the Ukrainian nationalist underground. 821:

for anti-partisan operations until late 1942, before disagreements between them and the Germans led the battalion to be dissolved. Its leader,

5075:"Uchwała Sejmu w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II RP w latach 1943–1945" 2510:

stated that getting into Canada for SS members was as easy as just showing their SS blood type tattoo which indicated that they were reliably

2492: 5561: 5124:

w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1939–1945

1986:

the massacre, the police regiments were not under 14th division command, but rather under German police command (specifically, under German

6606: 5295: 4901: 2565: 1403: 6277:

Yurkevich, Myroslav (1986). "Galician Ukrainians in German Military Formations and in the German Administration". In Yury Boshyk (ed.).

670:

that Poland concluded with the Soviets in 1921 recognized Polish sovereignty in western Ukraine, including all of Galicia. In 1922 the

388: 1530:, in western Slovakia, together with other SS units. They recaptured several towns and villages from Slovak partisans during October. 829:(UPA) in January 1943 after returning to Ukraine. The OUN and the UPA declared their opposition to both Germany and the Soviet Union. 2570: 1222:

area in southeast Poland. The formation was divided into two smaller groups, with one of them being sent to Lviv, and commenced anti-

1140:(battlegroup) of one infantry regiment and one detachment each of artillery, sappers, anti-tank grenadiers to go into combat against 791: 507:

concluded that the Galicia division should not be indicted as a group. Polish and German commissions in the 2000s found it guilty of

6144:(2020). "Long-Distance Nationalism: Ukrainian Monuments and Historical Memory in Multicultural Canada". In Marschall, Sabine (ed.). 1546:. Several other Axis units were also operating in northwest Slovakia, near the Galicia Division, including various SS units and the 6925: 6721: 6716: 4956: 4638: 1999: 973:, reportedly told Kubiyovych that "there is virtually no price which should not be paid for the creation of a Ukrainian army." The 6783: 4927: 2398: 1982: 1030: 974: 749:. Bandera's faction, the OUN-B, started working with the Germans in the spring of 1941 and established two battalions, known as " 516: 6363: 6104: 5725: 2496: 2401:

defended Hunka and stated that there was nothing wrong with Canadian Parliament applauding a man "who fought for his country".

2282: 703: 698: 5393: 5074: 4535: 1749:, prevented its members from being deported to the USSR. Bishop Buchko of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had appealed to 6829: 6585: 6332: 6313: 6286: 6267: 6236: 6195: 6176: 6153: 6085: 6002: 5983: 5964: 5853: 5834: 4451: 2641: 2065:

In his study of the Holocaust, Dieter Pohl had come to the conclusion there is a "high probability" that in February 1944 at

1426:, where they rested for a short time before going to the Neuhammer training camp for the rebuilding of the Galicia Division. 965:

Kubiyovych made a proclamation calling on Ukrainians to join the Galicia Division in order to "destroy the Red monster." The

563: 5758: 5610: 4607: 1870:, which had carried out brutal anti-partisan activities in Belarus and Poland, and had taken part in the suppression of the 6727: 6439: 5922: 4144: 1978: 899: 795: 6883: 6423: 1445: 1319: 762: 596: 5581: 4114: 1109: 6594: 6431: 6382: 4384: 2341:

bearing the unit's insignia and an inscription dedicating it "To Those Who Died For the Freedom of Ukraine" existed in

1709: 427:

on 14 April 1945, a change that was only partially implemented amidst the collapse of Germany, and surrendering to the

255: 5931:

https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/the-galicia-division-they-fought-for-ukraine-has-been-released-internationally/

5219: 4865: 4714: 4494: 6788: 6077:

Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

5945: 5903: 5876: 5802: 2602: 2467:

57- The members of the Galicia Division were individually screened for security purposes before admission to Canada.

1783:

groups. Thirty-two members of the 14th division were denied entry to settle in Britain because of their war records.

1627: 515:

found that the 4th battalion of the 14th division was guilty of war crimes. In 2005, the Institute of History at the

434:

The unit went by several names during its existence. It was originally known as the SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (

5687: 5650: 5506: 5408: 786:

regarded Ukrainians and other Slavs as subhumans, and therefore when the OUN-B leaders reached the Galician capital

6407: 6399: 6071: 4207: 2342: 631: 235: 6854: 5468: 5123: 1006: 1755: 1587: 1441: 1371: 1327: 1323: 966: 6207:"The 14th Waffen-Grenadier-Division of the SS «Galizien No. 1» in Slovakia (1944–1945): Battles and Repressions" 6206: 5507:"Canada was ashamed to have saluted a Ukrainian who fought for Hitler. But that salute didn't come from nowhere" 4573: 1193: 5079: 4705: 4701: 2349:. On 22 June 2020, the monument was vandalized when someone painted "Nazi war monument" on it. On 17 July, the 979: 811: 647: 588: 5441: 4823: 2632: 727:

There was cooperation between members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists living in Germany and the

627:

from 1918 to 1919. The Sich Riflemen were later seen as an inspiration by members of the SS Division Galicia.

6808: 6521: 6415: 6226: 5868: 5632: 2485:

Critics of the commission have pointed out failings on the part of the commission. In a 1989 article for the

2385: 2290: 1573:

In December 1944 and January 1945, Galicia Division troops, especially the 29th Regiment, fought against the

1482: 1318:

On 13 July, the Soviet forces launched their attack. By the next day, they had routed a German division (the

1312: 651: 539:

stated: "We categorically condemn any manifestation of propaganda of totalitarian regimes, in particular the

523: 519:

of Sciences confirmed the Polish findings of war crimes committed by the 4th battalion of the 14th division.

408: 4118: 2464:

56- The Galicia Division (14.Waffengrenadierdivision der SS [gal. Nr. 1) should not be indicted as a group.

6955: 6920: 6865: 6631: 6626: 6501: 5188: 1696: 1695:. On 14 April 1945, the German government agreed to transfer control of the 14th Waffen-SS Division to the 1683: 1667: 1534:

was then used to provide security in that area. As this was happening, the rest of the division arrived at

1255: 424: 412: 372: 108: 5526:"University of Alberta facing calls to return thousands more in donations connected to Waffen SS veterans" 6834: 1960: 1639: 1583: 1470:

Karl Wildner, consisted of one battalion from the 29th Regiment and several companies of support troops.

1297: 1289: 1270: 1149: 683: 492: 420: 168: 158: 4904:[Regarding the action in Kyiv on the anniversary of the creation of the SS division "Galicia"], 2361:. In 2021 it was vandalized with "nazi monument" painted on one side and "14th Waffen SS" on the other. 1808:, and the Institute of History at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. No individuals among the Ukrainian 918:

uniforms with the addition of a patch on the right arm sleeve bearing the Galician regional symbol. The

678:

to recognize Poland's control over the region in 1923. The whole area remained part of Poland until the

6356: 5473: 1843: 1816: 1815:

According to Howard Margolian, only a small number of the enlisted men were recruited from established

1804:. The 4th battalion of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division was itself found guilty of war crimes by the 1407:

Mykhailo Levenets, a chaplain in the division uniform with the Galician lion patch and collar, and the

907: 416: 5743:

Zajcew, Bohdan (April 1991). "Making News and Telling Stories: Canada's Hunt for Nazi war criminals".

5358:

FSWC Appalled by Standing Ovation in Parliament for Ukrainian Veteran Who Served in Nazi Military Unit

1451:

In late August 1944, a rebellion broke out in Slovakia against the pro-German government of President

6042:

Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998a). "Akcja "Wisła" – Operation "Vistula," 1947: Background and Assessment".

2540: 2532: 1742: 457: 323: 240: 6306:

The History of the Galician Division of the Waffen SS: On the Eastern Front: April 1943 to July 1944

5812: 5106: 2425: 1883: 1574: 1461: 1322:) to the north of the XIII Corps and swept back an attempted German counterattack. On 15 July, the 1284:. Although the German army group consisted of over 40 divisions, they were under-strength, and its 1177: 942:

were not worn, because non-Germanic members of the Waffen-SS wore their division insignia instead.

826: 630:

The Ukrainian population of Galicia developed a strong national consciousness while the region was

600: 580: 531: 361: 245: 5153:"Graffiti on monument commemorating Nazi SS division being investigated as a hate crime by police" 782:, living space, for Germany in the east, as well as to gain access to more natural resources. The 4957:"Monuments to Ukrainian unit that fought with the Nazis discovered near Philadelphia and Detroit" 2560: 2519: 2389: 2129: 1932: 1772: 1692: 1347: 1338:

Within the pocket, the Galician troops were tasked with defending the eastern perimeter near the

955: 742: 659: 634:, more so than people in the rest of Ukraine, which during that same time period was part of the 624: 612: 481: 396: 178: 6100:"'They Defended Ukraine': The 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Galizische Nr. 1) Revisited" 4404: 2453: 1085:

Heinrich Himmler inspecting the Galicia Division in May 1944. Otto Wächter is in the background.

504: 5239:"Hate crimes unit investigating vandalism of Nazi collaborator war criminal statue in Edmonton" 4540: 2350: 1857:

with another SS unit prior to this unit's formation) twice: at the end of the war and in 1964.

604: 428: 4181: 1847: 1519: 1466: 1134:

Shortly after Freitag departed, in mid-February 1944 the division received an order to form a

6349: 6075: 5442:"Anthony Rota resigns as Speaker after honouring Ukrainian veteran who fought with Nazi unit" 5296:"Zelenskyy speaks before Canadian Parliament in his campaign to shore up support for Ukraine" 4882: 2417: 1920: 1911:

Ukrainian Self Defense Legion (USDL). The USDL was a paramilitary police organization in the

1737: 1539: 1023: 663: 616: 17: 5562:"Exclusive: Canada apologizes for honoring another veteran from unit that fought with Nazis" 5041:[Vaskul, a veteran of the Nazi SS division "Galicia", has been farewelled in Kiev]. 2531:

A cross dedicated to the division is placed in Saint Mary's Ukrainian Catholic Cemetery, in

5759:"National Jewish group calls for removal of Philadelphia-area monument to a Nazi 'SS' unit" 2369: 2286: 2054: 1908: 1494: 1490: 1464:, before 28 September, when the entire division was ordered to go. The battlegroup, led by 1281: 1232: 947: 858: 769: 750: 527: 230: 5327:"Courageous, charismatic Volodymyr Zelenskyy cannot engineer Ukraine's destiny on his own" 8: 6762: 5976:

German Order of Battle: Panzer, Panzer Grenadier, and Waffen SS divisions in World War II

4828: 4642: 2373: 2266: 1866: 1809: 1647: 1578: 1567: 1266: 1250:

Soviet offensives in the summer of 1944. XIII Army Corps is shown encircled in the south.

1223: 987: 890: 536: 341: 145: 5582:"Report. Part one, Public / Jules Deschênes, commissioner. Findings and recommendations" 1923:. He had arrived in the United States in 1949 and became a naturalized citizen in 1959. 1828: 1409: 1119: 998: 806:. The same happened to Melnyk and his faction before they could declare a government in 706:(OUN), seeing its violent actions as counterproductive. After the Soviet annexation the 6141: 6129: 6095: 6059: 6028: 5633:"Irving Abella, historian who wrote on Canada's refusal of Jewish refugees, dead at 82" 5018: 4389: 4369: 3730: 3728: 3726: 2289:. On 13 June 2021, the funeral of SS "Galicia" member Orest Vaskul was attended by the 2046: 2015: 1995: 1779:

and pensions records. The order to release confidential medical records was decried by

1615: 1486: 1437: 1293: 1285: 895: 738: 540: 448: 404: 392: 353: 314: 173: 2457: 2078:

The name of the division was changed several times during its short history. The name

2057:). It is estimated that 365 ethnic Poles were murdered, including women and children. 1555: 1164: 6328: 6309: 6282: 6263: 6232: 6191: 6172: 6149: 6133: 6121: 6081: 6051: 5998: 5979: 5960: 5941: 5918: 5899: 5882: 5872: 5849: 5830: 5798: 5023: 4447: 4437: 2346: 2302: 2011: 1987: 1955:

participated in the destruction of several Polish villages, including the village of

1797: 1607: 970: 923: 799: 675: 500: 400: 5707:"Whitewashing The SS: The Attempt to Re-Write the History of Hitler's Collaborators" 5488: 5057:"В Киеве простились с членом дивизии СС "Галичина" при участии президентского полка" 4017: 4015: 3723: 1860:

Elements of the Waffen-SS Galizien worked alongside one of the most brutal units of

1614:. They completed their arrival by 28 February. There the Galicia Division faced the 6706: 6113: 5409:"House Speaker apologizes for honouring Ukrainian who fought in Nazi unit in WW II" 5119: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3076: 3074: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2544: 2377: 2026: 1914: 1900: 1887: 1792: 1713: 1679: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1419: 1366: 1339: 1145: 927: 879: 822: 754: 488: 395:. Parts of the division were said to have taken part in several massacres, such as 384: 250: 163: 2305:

classified the crimes of the division's soldiers against the Polish population as

1941:

One of the stone tablets of the monument which lists the names of Poles killed at

1618:, who were much better organized and more capable than the partisans in Slovakia. 1035: 939: 938:

insignia because it was not seen as associated with Ukrainian nationalism. The SS

6117: 6012: 5388: 4718: 4498: 4012: 2413: 2274: 2249: 2159: 1871: 1780: 1776: 1733: 1563: 1380: 1301: 1277: 1182: 1102: 1069: 1056: 1048: 734: 643: 592: 584: 473: 440: 306: 277: 5602: 5469:"Un groupe ukrainien défend l'ancien membre de la Waffen-SS honoré au Parlement" 4272: 4152: 3149: 3071: 2960: 2835: 2205:

and Major General of Waffen-SS Walter Schimana (30 June 1943 – 20 November 1943)

886: 875: 6697: 6686: 6246: 6222: 5157: 4883:"WAFFEN-SS DIVISION "GALICIA" — A UKRAINIAN MILITARY UNIT WITHIN THE WEHRMACHT" 2511: 2487: 2397:

delivered them". He resigned as Speaker on the 26th while remaining an MP. The

2381: 2365: 1956: 1942: 1904: 1875: 1839: 1835: 1796:

or who were personally implicated in them to be criminal within the meaning of

1700: 1688: 1163:

In the final phase of its training and assembling the division was sent to the

919: 870: 866: 746: 694: 667: 635: 551: 285: 5886: 5543: 5270:"Edmonton vandals target a Ukrainian WWII memorial with a complicated history" 2500:

men had undergone "an exhaustive screening process". In a 1997 interview with

2211:

and Major General of Waffen-SS Fritz Freitag (20 November 1943 – January 1944)

2166: 1518:

were the first Galician units to arrive in Slovakia, on 29 September 1944, at

6914: 6228:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999

6125: 6055: 4443:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999

4122: 2610: 2507: 2409: 2224: 1965: 1824: 1801: 1768: 1750: 1432: 1259: 1168: 1157: 1044: 620: 559: 281: 5957:

To Battle: The Formation and History of the 14th Galician Waffen-SS Division

2543:

declared that the monument should be removed. Another monument is placed in

1499: 5220:"Canada memorial to Ukrainian soldiers in Nazi unit removed after protests" 4709: 4488: 2536: 2393: 1861: 1850: 1820: 1736:. The UNA commander Pavlo Shandruk requested a meeting with Polish general 1547: 1503: 1331: 1235: 1141: 1040: 865:

The idea of recruiting Ukrainians into the Waffen-SS was first proposed by

773: 687: 639: 544: 376: 225: 96: 76: 5938:

Unauthorized Entry: The Truth about Nazi War Criminals in Canda, 1946–1956

5544:"GG apologizes for Order of Canada awarded to former soldier in Nazi unit" 5039:"В Киеве простились с ветераном нацистской дивизии СС "Галичина" Васкулом" 1527: 48: 5566: 4961: 4320:"Investigation into the Crime committed at the Village of Huta Pieniacka" 2445: 2050: 1771:

launched an investigation into people from the list by cross-referencing

1456: 1384: 1219: 1198: 1136: 845: 608: 555: 6146:

Public Memory in the Context of Transnational Migration and Displacement

6063: 4273:"INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL (NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946" 2217:

and Colonel of Waffen-SS Friedrich Beyersdorff (January – February 1944)

1806:

Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation

1231:

performed its duty well enough that it earned the rare praise of German

1215: 513:

Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation

6325:

The History of the Galician Division of the Waffen SS: Stalin's Nemesis

5384:"Canadian House speaker apologizes after honoring veteran of Nazi unit" 4902:"Относительно акции в Киеве к годовщине создания дивизии СС "Галичина"" 4711:

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army

4490:

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army

2502: 2479: 2429: 2354: 2322: 1611: 1543: 1452: 1448:

for his role as the Galicia Division commander at the Battle of Brody.

1354:

tanks was repulsed by the division's Fusilier and Engineer battalions.

1273: 1067:). These were completely separate from the division and were under the 1016: 903: 783: 778: 719: 508: 357: 349: 6341: 5189:"Police apologize for saying anti-Nazi vandalism was 'hate motivated'" 1964:

in anti-guerrilla action at Huta Pieniacka, against Soviet and Polish

480:). In late April 1945 its name was changed to the 1st Division of the 4860: 4656:

Investigation of the Crime Committed at the Village of Huta Pieniacka

2631:Грінберг, Мирослав (2021). "СС «Галичина»". In Петров, Максим (ed.). 2244: 1623: 1591: 1474: 1388: 758: 496: 345: 125: 4277:

The International Military Tribunal in Session at Nuremberg, Germany

4206:. United Kingdom: The National Archives. August 2005. Archived from 2460:, concluded that in relation to membership in the Galicia Division: 1535: 1153: 5846:

Justice Delayed: How Britain Became a Refuge for Nazi War Criminals

5413: 3875: 3873: 3860: 3858: 2358: 2338: 2306: 2278: 2021: 1970: 1959:. About five hundred civilians were murdered. The Polish historian 1882:

was limited, because the murders were primarily carried out by the

1746: 1254:

By the summer of 1944 the Soviets were on the offensive across the

915: 655: 380: 338: 135: 6281:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta. 5019:"Символіка дивізії СС "Галичина" не є нацистською – верховний суд" 1937: 1827:. Among the German commanding officers of Waffen-SS Galizien were 1812:

of the 14th have been prosecuted individually for any war crimes.

1682:

issued a decree stating that the German government recognized the

837: 6188:

In the Maelstrom: The Waffen-SS "Galicia" Division and Its Legacy

5896:

Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division 1943–1945

5823: 4928:"Hundreds in Ukraine attend marches celebrating Nazi SS soldiers" 4317: 4021: 3734: 3166: 3080: 2981: 2850: 2548: 2257: 1854: 1717: 1603: 365: 4487:

Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,

4180:. Canada: Library of Parliament. 16 October 1998. Archived from 4097: 4095: 4093: 3870: 3855: 3818: 3816: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 1246: 4805: 4803: 4318:

Institute of National Remembrance, Polish (23 September 2012).

2495:

said that "the All-Party Parliamentary War Crimes Group of the

1729: 1663: 1646:

headquarters. As Hungarian resistance collapsed and the Soviet

1638:

In late March 1945, the Ukrainian Division was assigned to the

1523: 1478: 1343: 1124: 729: 4732:"Investigation into the Crime committed at the Village of Hut" 4405:"Former Nazi officer admits passing orders to kill Pinsk Jews" 4365:"Five Nazi Officers to Be Tried For Massacre of Jews in Pinsk" 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4204:"Ukrainian SS 'Galicia' Division allowed to settle in Britain" 2743: 2741: 1853:. Magill was tried and convicted for war crimes (committed in 1357: 1105:, who was more of an administrator than a military commander. 702:

party in the Polish parliament. It was opposed to the radical

6877: 6171:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 4090: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3843: 3813: 3755: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2728: 2726: 2066: 1308: 1010:

Soldiers of the SS-Volunteer Division Galicia being sworn in.

969:

supported its creation. The head of the Church, Metropolitan

4800: 4252: 4080: 4078: 3833: 3831: 3791: 3789: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3648: 3646: 3609: 3607: 3594: 3592: 3579: 3577: 3540: 3538: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3476: 3474: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3369: 3367: 3342: 3340: 3243: 3241: 3101: 2665: 2663: 1886:. In a speech to the soldiers of the 1st Galician division, 5129: 5102: 4788: 4619: 4516: 4334: 4039: 3011: 2738: 2444:

Military cemetery of the SS-Galizien division in Chervone,

2253: 2179: 1590:, to be subordinated to the Higher SS and Police Leader in 1351: 1093:

Himmler speaks to a Ukrainian soldier at the training camp.

807: 787: 707: 671: 5688:"How Canada Helped Whitewash The Nazi SS Galicia Division" 4504: 4063: 4051: 4000: 3988: 3969: 3091: 3089: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2789: 2753: 2723: 1033:

of the Waffen-SS. The longest serving division commander,

4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4673:"Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP" 4075: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3897: 3828: 3801: 3786: 3745: 3743: 3706: 3643: 3631: 3604: 3589: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3535: 3523: 3511: 3486: 3471: 3435: 3394: 3364: 3352: 3337: 3238: 2660: 2648: 2603:"Emblem of SS Galizien - Reporting Radicalism in Ukraine" 2230:

Lieutenant General Pavlo Shandruk (19 April – 8 May 1945)

1422:, along with remnants of the 8th Panzer Division and the 906:, who led the rest of Ukrainian territory as the head of 841:

Celebrating its formation (top) and a recruitment center.

3384: 3382: 3301: 2388:. Following international criticism, including from the 2252:

football club honoring the Waffen-SS Galizien division,

2118:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)

1485:, a mixed German-Scandinavian-Dutch-Flemish unit in the 1481:

area, where it was used to reinforce the under-strength

1300:, which was transferred from the 4th Panzer Army to the 978:

the former Ukrainian People's Republic, such as General

478:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr. 1)

6880:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

4734:. The Institute of National Remembrance. Archived from 4415: 3774: 3658: 3137: 3086: 3047: 3035: 2999: 2937: 2916: 2899: 2887: 2856: 2818: 2777: 2331:

Former Cenotaph at the St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery

2122:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr.1)

2108:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

1991: 1210:

About 2,000 Galicia Division soldiers were deployed as

803: 462: 328: 311:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr. 1)

298:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

6279:

Ukraine During World War II: History and Its Aftermath

5651:"How canada whitewashed the Nazis SS Galicia division" 4769: 4750: 4588: 4299: 4230:"Police to use NHS records to find Nazi war criminals" 3740: 3289: 3228: 3226: 3184: 2699: 1754:

officers followed their commander in joining Anders's

873:, as early as April 1941. His request was rejected by 723:

Ukrainian members of the Nachtigall Battalion in 1941.

4287: 4027: 3909: 3885: 3670: 3459: 3447: 3423: 3411: 3379: 3213: 3211: 2112:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr.1

849:

The division's recruitment poster from its newspaper.

776:

decided to invade to destroy Communism and to obtain

6941:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

3325: 3265: 3196: 3172: 3125: 3113: 3059: 3023: 2875: 2806: 2765: 825:, and several other members founded the underground 5865:

The Ukrainian Division 'Galicia', 1943–45: A Memoir

5325:Columnist, Rosie DiManno Star (22 September 2023). 3694: 3682: 3619: 3313: 3277: 3253: 3223: 2987: 2711: 2687: 2675: 2583: 1761: 1398: 1335:surrounded by the Soviets within the Brody pocket. 768:Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union, 674:granted autonomy to Eastern Galicia, which led the 603:, between 1918 and 1920, before being made part of 6260:Hitler's Armed SS: The Waffen-SS at War, 1939–1945 4483: 4481: 4479: 3208: 1880:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 733:, the German military intelligence service led by 6936:Military units and formations established in 1943 4536:"Photos: Former Nazi SS commander Michael Karkoc" 922:was used as the division insignia instead of the 714: 6912: 6205:Šmigeľ, Michal; Cherkasov, Aleksandr A. (2013). 5997:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 5978:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 2368:, a veteran of the division, was invited to the 2353:announced that this was being investigated as a 1728:Most of the Ukrainian soldiers were interned in 6931:Military history of Ukraine during World War II 6204: 5463: 5461: 4877: 4875: 4721:, Chapter 5, p. 284. Accessed 3 September 2009. 4695: 4476: 3879: 3864: 3849: 3822: 3768: 2422:Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta 2142:The division consisted of the following units: 1903:published an article stating that an American, 423:before being transferred to the command of the 5182: 5180: 4824:"Ukraine divided over legacy of Nazi fighters" 1745:. This, together with the intervention of the 1654:, the division was ordered to relocate to the 993: 682:in September 1939 under the conditions of the 371:Formed in 1943, it was mainly deployed in the 6357: 5915:The Galicia Division: They Fought for Ukraine 4172: 4170: 6257: 5458: 4906:Official website of the President of Ukraine 4872: 4856:"Ukrainian ultra-nationalists march in Lviv" 4794: 4611: 4446:. Yale University Press. pp. 165, 166. 3017: 2428:. After the Hunka scandal, Governor General 2040: 2030: 1950: 1912: 1786: 489:International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 6070: 6041: 5177: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4522: 4045: 2642:Українська Гельсінська спілка з прав людини 2566:Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts 597:Ukrainian efforts for national independence 550:The division's insignia is classified as a 6364: 6350: 6033:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5407:Paas-Lang, Christian (24 September 2023). 5011: 4919: 4893: 4167: 1673: 1568:military intelligence on the Eastern Front 1538:, in northwest Slovakia. Taking over from 1188: 885:It was not brought up again until 1942 by 6946:Ukrainian collaborators with Nazi Germany 6276: 6185: 5935: 5811: 5406: 5324: 4899: 4178:"War criminals: The Deschenes Commission" 4101: 3982: 3664: 3307: 3107: 3041: 2954: 2910: 2893: 2800: 2783: 2759: 2732: 2669: 2654: 2571:Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany 2456:of October 1986, headed by retired judge 2273:Streets were named after the division in 2049:in Palykorovy, located in the Lwów area ( 2005: 330:14-ta hrenaderska dyviziya SS "Halychyna" 87: 67: 6951:Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS 6245: 6162: 5992: 5973: 5940:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 5843: 5704: 5261: 5150: 5146: 5144: 4944: 4848: 4821: 4809: 4679:. Wirtualna Polska Media. Archived from 4258: 4107: 3780: 3505: 2747: 2630: 2439: 2243: 2104:) – from 22 October 1943 to 27 June 1944 2000:Polish Institute of National Remembrance 1936: 1489:. They fought against the troops of the 1402: 1356: 1245: 1205: 1192: 1088: 1080: 1005: 997: 852: 844: 836: 832: 718: 611:many volunteers from Galicia joined the 319:14-та гренадерська дивізія СС «Галичина» 35:14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 27:World War II Ukrainian infantry division 6371: 6253:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 6140: 6094: 5574: 5440:Tasker, John Paul (26 September 2023), 5135: 5031: 4625: 4421: 4351: 2526: 2435: 2408:In 1987, former 14th Waffen SS veteran 2399:Ukrainian National Federation of Canada 2124:) – from November 1944 to 19 April 1945 2102:14. Galizische SS-Freiwilligen-Division 1983:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 1732:, Italy, in the area controlled by the 1108:The training was initially done at the 986:colonialism, comparing the idea to the 975:Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church 889:, who had been appointed as the second 595:until 1918. It was briefly involved in 14: 6913: 6619: 6322: 6303: 6221: 6105:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6011: 5995:The German Defeat in the East, 1944–45 5954: 5912: 5893: 5819:. New York: Columbia University Press. 5792: 5742: 5705:Pugliese, Pugliese (30 October 2020). 5681: 5679: 5613:from the original on 17 September 2018 5439: 5421:from the original on 25 September 2023 5365:from the original on 25 September 2023 5337:from the original on 24 September 2023 5306:from the original on 24 September 2023 5236: 5186: 4999:from the original on 15 September 2018 4900:Zelenskyy, Volodymyr (30 April 2021), 4782: 4763: 4594: 4567: 4510: 4436: 4432: 4430: 4305: 4293: 4069: 4057: 4006: 3994: 3963: 3951: 3939: 3927: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3837: 3807: 3795: 3717: 3676: 3652: 3637: 3613: 3598: 3583: 3568: 3556: 3544: 3529: 3517: 3480: 3465: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3417: 3405: 3388: 3373: 3358: 3346: 3331: 3247: 3202: 3178: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3095: 3065: 3053: 3029: 3005: 2931: 2881: 2869: 2829: 2812: 2771: 2717: 2705: 2693: 2681: 2589: 2392:, the Speaker of the House of Commons 2283:Ukrainian Institute of National Memory 1949:In the winter and spring of 1944, the 1878:noted that the division's role in the 704:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 699:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance 693:The majority of the western Ukrainian 6345: 5862: 5769:from the original on 6 September 2023 5523: 5217: 5141: 4385:"Nazi slayers given prison sentences" 4084: 4033: 3749: 3700: 3688: 3625: 3319: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3232: 3217: 3190: 2993: 1626:ground personnel and pilots from the 930:division in the Waffen-SS, after the 564:Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union 543:, and attempts to revise truth about 6884: 6169:The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 5726:"Canada Has a Nazi Monument Problem" 5685: 5267: 4925: 4649: 4613:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 4137: 2491:, community activist and journalist 2432:apologized the awarding of Savaryn. 2094:) – from 28 April to 22 October 1943 1979:NASU Institute of History of Ukraine 1288:had been redeployed in June 1944 to 680:Soviet Union annexed Eastern Galicia 583:, in modern-day southern Poland and 574: 40:14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS 6849:were officially named "volunteer". 6190:. McGuil-Queen's University Press. 5829:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5676: 5276:from the original on 12 August 2021 4969:from the original on 29 August 2023 4836:from the original on 6 October 2018 4427: 4397: 4377: 4357: 4311: 4264: 2098:14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division 2092:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Galizien" 2060: 1720:, central Austria, by 10 May 1945. 1710:rapid advance of the Western Allies 1602:The division departed Slovakia for 1554:were the first Axis units to enter 1065:Galizische SS-Freiwilligen Regiment 861:addressing the division volunteers. 445:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Galizien" 360:ethnic background from the area of 24: 6297: 5723: 2114:)) – from 27 June to November 1944 2045:sub-unit also participated in the 1610:and its adjacent Austrian region, 1361:Galicia Division soldiers in 1944. 464:Dobrovilna Dyviziia SS "Halychyna" 407:. It was largely destroyed in the 348:, the military wing of the German 256:Western Allied invasion of Germany 25: 6967: 5827:The Waffen-SS: A European History 5249:from the original on 24 July 2020 5199:from the original on 18 July 2020 5165:from the original on 17 July 2020 4822:Danilova, Maria (1 August 2013). 4549:from the original on 21 June 2013 4460:from the original on 5 April 2023 4324:Institute of National Remembrance 4240:from the original on 30 July 2018 2416:. He served as Chancellor of the 2277:(Ukrains`koi Dyvizii Street) and 2029:), allegedly cooperating with an 1926: 1522:. It operated in the area around 1197:Galicia Division soldiers with a 796:independent government of Ukraine 526:and by some organizations of the 453:Добровільна Дивізія СС "Галичина" 6893: 6861: 6860: 5751: 5736: 5717: 5698: 5686:Cosh, Alex (28 September 2023). 5661: 5643: 5625: 5595: 5554: 5536: 5517: 5499: 5481: 5433: 5400: 5376: 5349: 5318: 5288: 5268:Lung, Raylene (12 August 2021). 5230: 5218:Cecco, Leyland (12 March 2024). 5211: 5151:Pugliese, David (17 July 2020). 5120:Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 5112: 5095: 5067: 5049: 4989:"Soldiers Division "Galicia" St" 4981: 4815: 4724: 4665: 4631: 4600: 4561: 4528: 4222: 4196: 2343:St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery 2321: 2185:14th Field Replacement Battalion 1762:Emigration to Canada and Britain 1550:. On 27 October, the division's 1446:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1399:Rebuilding and second deployment 236:Polish-Ukrainian ethnic conflict 119: 102: 89: 69: 47: 6926:Members of the Galicia Division 6165:Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 6017:Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942–1960 5785: 5524:Woolf, Marie (2 October 2023). 5237:Kinney, Duncan (23 July 2020). 5193:Canada Broadcasting Corporation 5103:Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 4864:. 29 April 2013. Archived from 2372:along with Ukrainian President 2227:(February 1944 – 19 April 1945) 2223:and Major General of Waffen-SS 2088:SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" 2073: 1842:, Communists, and partisans in 1101:and Major General of Waffen-SS 967:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 601:chaos that followed World War I 522:The division is honored by the 333:), commonly referred to as the 6323:Melnyk, Michael James (2016). 6304:Melnyk, Michael James (2016). 6258:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (2022). 5955:Melnyk, Michael James (2002). 5863:Heike, Wolf-Dietrich (1988) . 5493:The Governor General of Canada 5080:Sejm of the Republic of Poland 4993:Soldiers Division "Galicia" St 4706:Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 4702:Institute of Ukrainian History 2624: 2595: 2155:14th Waffen-Artillery Regiment 2152:31st Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2149:30th Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2146:29th Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2133:– from 19 April to 8 May 1945. 1867:SS-Sonderbattalion Dirlewanger 1420:Hungarian Carpathian Mountains 980:Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko 715:German invasion and occupation 589:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 411:, reformed, and saw action in 13: 1: 6394:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 5869:Shevchenko Scientific Society 5187:Carter, Adam (17 July 2020). 2380:from Canadian Prime Minister 2239: 2192: 2188:14th Divisional Supply Troops 2047:execution of Polish civilians 1919:. Karkoc was found living in 1597: 1483:5th SS Panzer Division Wiking 1424:18th SS Division Horst Wessel 737:, starting before the German 569: 42:14-та гренадерська дивізія СС 6186:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2023). 6118:10.1080/13518046.2012.705633 6021:Ukrainian Partisan 1942–1960 5993:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007b). 5974:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007a). 4658:Retrieved 3 September 2009. 4570:"Instytut Pamięci Narodowej" 4501:. Accessed 9 September 2009. 2634:Символи ненависті / Довідник 2576: 2312: 2296: 2137: 1697:Ukrainian National Committee 1684:Ukrainian National Committee 1668:3rd Guards Airborne Division 1311:. When the Soviets launched 798:, they were arrested by the 491:declared all members of all 425:Ukrainian National Committee 393:Yugoslav guerrilla partisans 109:Ukrainian National Committee 7: 6080:. McFarland & Company. 5913:Luciuk, Lubomyr Y. (2023). 5894:Logusz, Michael O. (1997). 3880:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3865:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3850:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3823:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3769:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 2554: 2376:, where they both received 1652:breaking through to Austria 1509: 1292:, where the Western Allies 1150:Higher SS and Police Leader 1076: 1002:Parade of recruits in Lviv. 994:Recruitment and composition 952:Ukrainian Central Committee 882:because of racial reasons. 648:Ukrainian People's Republic 463: 352:, made up predominantly of 329: 10: 6972: 6855:SS heavy Panzer battalions 6023:] (in Polish). Warsaw. 5936:Margolian, Howard (2000). 5474:Radio Canada International 4639:"Ukrainian state archives" 4119:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej 2009: 1930: 1817:Ukrainian auxiliary police 1633: 908:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 891:German governor of Galicia 499:within the meaning of the 6843: 6822: 6797: 6776: 6644: 6578: 6514: 6451: 6380: 6231:. Yale University Press. 5848:. William Heinemann Ltd. 5591:. 1986. p. 19 (261). 5083:(in Polish). 22 July 2016 4606:Bogusława Marcinkowska, | 2541:American Jewish Committee 2420:and was president of the 2234: 1787:Atrocities and war crimes 1743:Second Republic of Poland 1723: 902:), was more lenient than 757:." They were used by the 697:and clergy supported the 503:." In 1985, the Canadian 484:for the rest of the war. 452: 409:Lvov–Sandomierz offensive 383:and in the repression of 318: 271: 266: 241:Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive 218: 204: 187: 151: 141: 131: 114: 83: 63: 55: 46: 39: 34: 5959:. Helion & Company. 5844:Cesarani, David (1992). 5795:Ukrainian Armies 1914–55 5745:Simon Frasier University 5668:"Canada's Dark Secret". 5607:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 5105:z dnia 22 lipca 2016 r. 4717:19 December 2008 at the 4497:19 December 2008 at the 4022:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3735:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3167:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3081:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2982:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2851:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2497:British House of Commons 2426:Ukrainian World Congress 2053:) near Pidkamin (former 1884:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 1844:occupied eastern Ukraine 1838:, which carried out the 1825:murder of Ukraine's Jews 1798:Article 6 of the Charter 1691:as the commander of its 1430:reassigned Germans were 1241: 1178:Army Group North Ukraine 827:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 591:until 1772 and then the 530:in Canada. In 2020, the 246:Slovak National Uprising 6163:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 5898:. Schiffer Publishing. 5122:z dnia 7 lipca 2016 r. 4568:Górkiewicz, Sebastian. 4409:The Detroit Jewish News 4115:"Dywizja SS 'Galizien'" 2607:reportingradicalism.org 2561:List of Waffen-SS units 2520:Simon Wiesenthal Centre 2390:Simon Wiesenthal Center 2172:14th Engineer Battalion 2130:Ukrainian National Army 2080:Waffen-Grenadier der SS 1933:Huta Pieniacka massacre 1895:are eager to do anyway. 1693:Ukrainian National Army 1674:1st Division of the UNA 1628:10th Parachute Division 1584:Austria–Slovenia border 1348:349th Infantry Division 1229:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 1212:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 1189:First combat deployment 1173:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 956:International Red Cross 684:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 625:Ukrainian Galician Army 613:Ukrainian Sich Riflemen 532:Ukrainian Supreme Court 482:Ukrainian National Army 364:, later also with some 179:Ukrainian National Army 5793:Abbott, Peter (2004). 5548:CBC News: The National 4612: 4541:Minnesota Public Radio 4151:. 2009. Archived from 4121:. 2001. Archived from 2476: 2449: 2364:On 22 September 2023, 2351:Halton Regional Police 2261: 2041: 2031: 2006:Pidkamin and Palikrowy 1951: 1946: 1913: 1897: 1848:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1834:, who had served with 1793:Judgement at Nuremberg 1467:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1414: 1362: 1269:was established under 1251: 1202: 1094: 1086: 1011: 1003: 862: 850: 842: 724: 477: 444: 379:in combat against the 310: 197:1st Ukrainian Division 6830:Divisional commanders 6485:Götz von Berlichingen 5817:Ukrainian Nationalism 5797:. Osprey Publishing. 5396:on 25 September 2023. 5302:. 22 September 2023. 4932:www.timesofisrael.com 4493:, Chapter 5, p. 284. 4330:on 23 September 2012. 2462: 2443: 2418:University of Alberta 2291:presidential regiment 2285:, led at the time by 2247: 2175:14th Signal Battalion 1940: 1921:Lauderdale, Minnesota 1892: 1699:. Lieutenant General 1540:Panzer Division Tatra 1495:2nd Belarusian Fronts 1455:. It involved 20,000 1406: 1360: 1249: 1206:Anti-partisan actions 1196: 1171:, in April 1944. The 1129:Friedrich Beyersdorff 1092: 1084: 1024:Russian Imperial Army 1009: 1001: 856: 848: 840: 833:Formation and support 722: 617:Austro-Hungarian Army 337:, was a World War II 5765:. 5 September 2023. 5657:. 28 September 2023. 5513:. 29 September 2023. 5477:. 30 September 2023. 4868:on 3 September 2014. 2527:In the United States 2454:Deschênes Commission 2436:Deschênes Commission 2370:Parliament of Canada 2287:Volodymyr Viatrovych 2128:1st Division of the 2055:Tarnopol Voivodeship 1909:German SS Police-led 1840:annihilation of Jews 1687:Committee appointed 1282:Carpathian Mountains 1265:On 15 May 1944, the 948:Volodymyr Kubiyovych 859:Josaphat Kotsylovsky 770:Operation Barbarossa 632:an Austrian province 524:far-right in Ukraine 505:Deschênes Commission 6956:Waffen-SS divisions 6921:District of Galicia 6784:4 (Panzergrenadier) 6756:Landstorm Nederland 6707:29 RONA (1 Russian) 6142:Rudling, Per Anders 6096:Rudling, Per Anders 6072:Piotrowski, Tadeusz 5489:"Mr. Peter Savaryn" 5138:, pp. 105–108. 4829:The Times of Israel 4812:, pp. 172–173. 4628:, pp. 350–353. 4513:, pp. 165–170. 4440:(1 December 2002). 4373:. 16 February 1964. 4354:, pp. 346–348. 4261:, pp. 131–133. 4210:on 19 November 2010 4184:on 29 February 2012 4149:GaliciaDivision.com 4104:, pp. 132–145. 4087:, pp. 130–136. 4072:, pp. 353–355. 4060:, pp. 331–333. 4009:, pp. 349–350. 3997:, pp. 340–347. 3966:, pp. 337–338. 3954:, pp. 324–328. 3942:, pp. 320–323. 3930:, pp. 314–319. 3906:, pp. 306–309. 3840:, pp. 295–298. 3810:, pp. 284–288. 3798:, pp. 290–294. 3737:, pp. 204–205. 3720:, pp. 274–276. 3655:, pp. 252–255. 3640:, pp. 237–246. 3616:, pp. 234–236. 3601:, pp. 225–232. 3586:, pp. 213–222. 3571:, pp. 196–212. 3559:, pp. 192–195. 3547:, pp. 183–189. 3532:, pp. 179–181. 3520:, pp. 174–175. 3483:, pp. 147–148. 3444:, pp. 166–167. 3408:, pp. 143–144. 3376:, pp. 114–115. 3361:, pp. 108–109. 3349:, pp. 103–104. 3250:, pp. 157–158. 3110:, pp. 170–175. 2750:, pp. 434–441. 2547:, in the suburb of 2535:, in the suburb of 2414:the Order of Canada 2374:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2267:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2215:SS-Standartenführer 1829:SS-Hauptsturmführer 1791:The 1 October 1946 1648:3rd Ukrainian Front 1588:occupied Yugoslavia 1579:2nd Ukrainian Front 1552:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1532:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1520:Zemianske Kostoľany 1516:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1372:8th Panzer Division 1267:1st Ukrainian Front 1120:SS-Standartenführer 988:British Indian Army 772:, on 22 June 1941. 537:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 6327:. Fonthill Media. 6308:. Fonthill Media. 6251:Ukraine: A History 5724:Noakes, Taylor C. 5672:. 2 February 1997. 5589:publications.gc.ca 5530:The Globe and Mail 4965:. 28 August 2023. 4887:lia.lvivcenter.org 4645:on 10 August 2017. 4390:The New York Times 4370:The New York Times 4155:on 9 November 2009 4125:on 9 December 2011 2450: 2262: 2016:Palikrowy massacre 1996:General Government 1947: 1678:On 12 March 1945, 1616:Yugoslav Partisans 1487:IV SS Panzer Corps 1415: 1363: 1304:around that time. 1286:best armored units 1252: 1203: 1095: 1087: 1031:SS police division 1012: 1004: 950:, the head of the 896:General Government 869:, the head of the 863: 851: 843: 739:invasion of Poland 725: 587:, was part of the 541:National Socialist 528:Ukrainian diaspora 174:IV SS Panzer Corps 6875: 6874: 6802: 6722:30 (1 Belarusian) 6640: 6639: 6334:978-1-78155-538-5 6315:978-1-78155-528-6 6288:978-0-920862-36-0 6269:978-1-3990-0694-1 6262:. Pen and Sword. 6238:978-0-300-10586-5 6197:978-0-2280-1654-0 6178:978-3-938845-17-2 6155:978-3-030-41329-3 6087:978-0-7864-0371-4 6044:The Polish Review 6004:978-0-8117-3371-7 5985:978-0-8117-3438-7 5966:978-1-874622-19-2 5917:. Kashtan Press. 5855:978-0-434-11304-0 5836:978-0-19-879055-6 5570:. 4 October 2023. 5024:Istorychna Pravda 4926:Liphshiz, Cnaan, 4795:Tucker-Jones 2022 4662:3 September 2009. 4453:978-0-300-12841-3 3985:, pp. 80–81. 3882:, pp. 66–69. 3867:, pp. 66–68. 3752:, pp. 62–63. 3508:, pp. 74–86. 3193:, pp. 18–19. 3146:, pp. 71–72. 3098:, pp. 62–64. 3056:, pp. 59–60. 3018:Tucker-Jones 2022 3008:, pp. 79–81. 2934:, pp. 53–57. 2872:, pp. 51–52. 2832:, pp. 41–42. 2803:, pp. 71–72. 2762:, pp. 18–19. 2735:, pp. 69–70. 2708:, pp. 36–37. 2672:, pp. 20–21. 2657:, pp. 67–68. 2448:, western Ukraine 2378:standing ovations 2347:Oakville, Ontario 2303:Polish parliament 2012:Pidkamin massacre 1167:training camp in 971:Andrey Sheptytsky 924:Ukrainian trident 817:and were sent to 765:and seize power. 676:League of Nations 672:Polish parliament 664:Polish–Soviet War 575:Status of Galicia 517:Ukrainian Academy 461: 397:at Huta Pieniacka 327: 291: 290: 16:(Redirected from 6963: 6906: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6886: 6864: 6863: 6845:Units marked in 6800: 6681:26 (2 Hungarian) 6617: 6616: 6601:33 (3 Hungarian) 6366: 6359: 6352: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6319: 6292: 6273: 6254: 6242: 6218: 6201: 6182: 6159: 6137: 6091: 6067: 6038: 6032: 6024: 6013:Motyka, Grzegorz 6008: 5989: 5970: 5951: 5928: 5924:978-1896-3540-57 5909: 5890: 5859: 5840: 5820: 5808: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5730:Jacobin Magazine 5721: 5715: 5714: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5683: 5674: 5673: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5465: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5392:. 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Archived from 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4236:. 22 June 2003. 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4049: 4046:Piotrowski 1998a 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3868: 3862: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3826: 3820: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3732: 3721: 3715: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3602: 3596: 3587: 3581: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3484: 3478: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3392: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3298:, p. 14–15. 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1340:Pidhirtsi Castle 1099:SS-Brigadeführer 1036:SS-Brigadeführer 880:Heinrich Himmler 857:Catholic Bishop 823:Roman Shukhevych 819:occupied Belarus 813:Schutzmannschaft 800:security service 790:on 30 June 1941 755:Roland Battalion 472: 466: 456: 454: 439: 431:by 10 May 1945. 335:Galicia Division 332: 322: 320: 305: 251:Vienna Offensive 213: 210: 194:Galicia Division 164:Replacement Army 124: 123: 122: 107: 106: 105: 99: 95: 93: 92: 79: 75: 73: 72: 51: 32: 31: 21: 6971: 6970: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6899: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6885:sister projects 6882:at Knowledge's 6876: 6871: 6870: 6839: 6818: 6799: 6793: 6772: 6768:38 "Nibelungen" 6667:20 (1 Estonian) 6652:14 (1 Galician) 6636: 6615: 6574: 6510: 6477:Reichsführer-SS 6455: 6447: 6376: 6370: 6335: 6316: 6300: 6298:Further reading 6295: 6289: 6270: 6247:Subtelny, Orest 6239: 6223:Snyder, Timothy 6198: 6179: 6156: 6088: 6026: 6025: 6005: 5986: 5967: 5948: 5925: 5906: 5879: 5856: 5837: 5813:Armstrong, John 5805: 5788: 5783: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5757: 5756: 5752: 5741: 5737: 5722: 5718: 5711:Esprit de Corps 5703: 5699: 5684: 5677: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5575: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5522: 5518: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5450: 5448: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5405: 5401: 5389:Washington Post 5382: 5381: 5377: 5368: 5366: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5243:Progress Report 5235: 5231: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5185: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5149: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5117: 5113: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5063:. 11 July 2022. 5055: 5054: 5050: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4955: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4909: 4898: 4894: 4881: 4880: 4873: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4820: 4816: 4808: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4770: 4762: 4751: 4741: 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2579: 2557: 2529: 2458:Jules Deschênes 2438: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2315: 2299: 2275:Ivano-Frankivsk 2250:FC Karpaty Lviv 2242: 2237: 2195: 2140: 2076: 2063: 2020:The village of 2018: 2010:Main articles: 2008: 1994:command of the 1961:Grzegorz Motyka 1935: 1929: 1872:Warsaw Uprising 1789: 1781:civil liberties 1777:social security 1764: 1734:II Polish Corps 1726: 1676: 1662:area, south of 1640:I Cavalry Corps 1636: 1600: 1564:Reinhard Gehlen 1556:Banská Bystrica 1512: 1462:Slovak Uprising 1401: 1381:Georg Lindemann 1313:their offensive 1302:1st Panzer Army 1298:XIII Army Corps 1278:Pripyat Marshes 1244: 1208: 1191: 1183:4th Panzer Army 1146:Soviet partisan 1103:Walter Schimana 1079: 1070:Ordnungspolizei 1057:Interwar period 996: 900:occupied Poland 876:Reichsführer-SS 835: 735:Wilhelm Canaris 717: 593:Austrian Empire 585:western Ukraine 577: 572: 511:. In 2003, the 468: 435: 301: 294: 284: 280: 278:Walter Schimana 273: 262: 231:Zamość uprising 214:Blue and yellow 211: 208: 200: 183: 169:I Cavalry Corps 159:XIII Army Corps 120: 118: 103: 101: 100: 90: 88: 70: 68: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6969: 6959: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6908: 6907: 6878: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6857: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6805: 6803: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6789:35 (Grenadier) 6786: 6780: 6778: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6750: 6741: 6731: 6724: 6719: 6717:30 (2 Russian) 6714: 6712:29 (1 Italian) 6709: 6704: 6694: 6683: 6678: 6669: 6664: 6662:19 (2 Latvian) 6659: 6657:15 (1 Latvian) 6654: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6623: 6621: 6614: 6613: 6603: 6598: 6591: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6564: 6555: 6546: 6537: 6527: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6498: 6488: 6480: 6472: 6461: 6459: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6437: 6429: 6421: 6413: 6405: 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4251: 4221: 4195: 4166: 4136: 4106: 4102:Margolian 2000 4089: 4074: 4062: 4050: 4048:, p. 219. 4038: 4036:, p. 127. 4026: 4024:, p. 205. 4011: 3999: 3987: 3983:Yurkevich 1986 3968: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3920: 3918:, p. 351. 3908: 3896: 3894:, p. 305. 3884: 3869: 3854: 3842: 3827: 3812: 3800: 3785: 3783:, p. 318. 3773: 3754: 3739: 3722: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3679:, p. 259. 3669: 3665:Yurkevich 1986 3657: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3603: 3588: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3485: 3470: 3468:, p. 145. 3458: 3456:, p. 169. 3446: 3434: 3432:, p. 151. 3422: 3420:, p. 152. 3410: 3393: 3378: 3363: 3351: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3310:, p. 104. 3308:Shkandrij 2023 3300: 3288: 3276: 3264: 3252: 3237: 3222: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3169:, p. 201. 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3108:Armstrong 1963 3100: 3085: 3083:, p. 200. 3070: 3068:, pp. 61. 3058: 3046: 3042:Yurkevich 1986 3034: 3022: 3020:, p. 195. 3010: 2998: 2986: 2984:, p. 202. 2959: 2955:Yurkevich 1986 2936: 2915: 2911:Yurkevich 1986 2898: 2894:Yurkevich 1986 2886: 2874: 2855: 2853:, p. 198. 2834: 2817: 2805: 2801:Yurkevich 1986 2788: 2784:Armstrong 1963 2776: 2764: 2760:Armstrong 1963 2752: 2737: 2733:Yurkevich 1986 2722: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2674: 2670:Shkandrij 2023 2659: 2655:Yurkevich 1986 2647: 2623: 2594: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2528: 2525: 2512:anti-communist 2488:Ottawa Citizen 2437: 2434: 2382:Justin Trudeau 2366:Yaroslav Hunka 2330: 2329: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2298: 2295: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167:Tank Destroyer 2163: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2125: 2115: 2105: 2095: 2075: 2072: 2062: 2059: 2007: 2004: 1957:Huta Pieniacka 1943:Huta Pieniacka 1931:Main article: 1928: 1927:Huta Pieniacka 1925: 1905:Michael Karkoc 1899:In June 2013, 1876:Timothy Snyder 1832:Heinrich Wiens 1788: 1785: 1763: 1760: 1725: 1722: 1701:Pavlo Shandruk 1689:Pavlo Shandruk 1675: 1672: 1635: 1632: 1599: 1596: 1566:, the head of 1514:The forces of 1511: 1508: 1400: 1397: 1271:Soviet Marshal 1243: 1240: 1207: 1204: 1201:anti-tank gun. 1190: 1187: 1078: 1075: 995: 992: 871:SS Main Office 867:Gottlob Berger 834: 831: 763:Soviet Ukraine 747:Stepan Bandera 716: 713: 695:intelligentsia 668:another treaty 636:Russian Empire 579:The region of 576: 573: 571: 568: 429:Western Allies 292: 289: 288: 286:Pavlo Shandruk 275: 269: 268: 264: 263: 261: 260: 259: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 222: 220: 216: 215: 206: 202: 201: 199: 198: 195: 191: 189: 185: 184: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 116: 112: 111: 85: 81: 80: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6968: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6904: 6903: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6881: 6867: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6804: 6796: 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5568: 5563: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5484: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5447: 5443: 5436: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5364: 5360: 5359: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5264: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5181: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5147: 5145: 5137: 5132: 5126:. (In Polish) 5125: 5121: 5115: 5109:. (In Polish) 5108: 5104: 5098: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5044: 5043:ukranews.com/ 5040: 5034: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5014: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4907: 4903: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4810:Mitcham 2007a 4806: 4804: 4797:, p. 11. 4796: 4791: 4784: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4668: 4661: 4657: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4614: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4512: 4507: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4472: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4423: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4380: 4372: 4371: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4296:, p. 19. 4295: 4290: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4259:Cesarani 1992 4255: 4239: 4235: 4234:The Telegraph 4231: 4225: 4209: 4205: 4199: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4171: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4047: 4042: 4035: 4030: 4023: 4018: 4016: 4008: 4003: 3996: 3991: 3984: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3965: 3960: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3929: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3893: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3866: 3861: 3859: 3852:, p. 65. 3851: 3846: 3839: 3834: 3832: 3825:, p. 63. 3824: 3819: 3817: 3809: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3782: 3781:Scherzer 2007 3777: 3771:, p. 62. 3770: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3751: 3746: 3744: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3703:, p. 55. 3702: 3697: 3691:, p. 52. 3690: 3685: 3678: 3673: 3667:, p. 78. 3666: 3661: 3654: 3649: 3647: 3639: 3634: 3628:, p. 48. 3627: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3514: 3507: 3506:Mitcham 2007b 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3467: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3355: 3348: 3343: 3341: 3334:, p. 95. 3333: 3328: 3322:, p. 24. 3321: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3292: 3286:, p. 12. 3285: 3280: 3273: 3268: 3262:, p. 16. 3261: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3242: 3235:, p. 13. 3234: 3229: 3227: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3205:, p. 90. 3204: 3199: 3192: 3187: 3181:, p. 73. 3180: 3175: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3134:, p. 70. 3133: 3128: 3122:, p. 65. 3121: 3116: 3109: 3104: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3050: 3044:, p. 74. 3043: 3038: 3032:, p. 58. 3031: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2996:, p. 17. 2995: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2957:, p. 77. 2956: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2933: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2913:, p. 76. 2912: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2896:, p. 73. 2895: 2890: 2884:, p. 40. 2883: 2878: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2815:, p. 23. 2814: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2786:, p. 65. 2785: 2780: 2774:, p. 39. 2773: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2749: 2748:Subtelny 1988 2744: 2742: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2720:, p. 38. 2719: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2696:, p. 33. 2695: 2690: 2684:, p. 30. 2683: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2656: 2651: 2644:. p. 13. 2643: 2636: 2635: 2627: 2612: 2611:Freedom House 2608: 2604: 2598: 2592:, p. 41. 2591: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2508:Irving Abella 2505: 2504: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2452:The Canadian 2447: 2442: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2410:Peter Savaryn 2406: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2324: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2301:In 2016, the 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2268: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2229: 2226: 2225:Fritz Freitag 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2180:Anti-Aircraft 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2071: 2068: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1966:Armia Krajowa 1962: 1958: 1953: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1916: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769:Scotland Yard 1759: 1757: 1752: 1751:Pope Pius XII 1748: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1650:succeeded in 1649: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1500:SS-Oberführer 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1433:Volksdeutsche 1427: 1425: 1421: 1412: 1411: 1405: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1260:Baltic states 1257: 1256:Eastern Front 1248: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233:Field Marshal 1230: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1200: 1195: 1186: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1169:Lower Silesia 1166: 1161: 1159: 1158:Wilhelm Koppe 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1127:of Waffen-SS 1126: 1122: 1121: 1114: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1091: 1083: 1074: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1060: 1058: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1045:Fritz Freitag 1043:of Waffen-SS 1042: 1041:Major General 1038: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1008: 1000: 991: 989: 983: 981: 976: 972: 968: 963: 959: 957: 953: 949: 943: 941: 935: 933: 932:13th Division 929: 925: 921: 920:Galician lion 917: 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 888: 883: 881: 878: 877: 872: 868: 860: 855: 847: 839: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 815:Battalion 201 814: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 780: 775: 771: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 743:Andriy Melnyk 740: 736: 732: 731: 721: 712: 709: 705: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 652:being overrun 649: 645: 641: 638:and then the 637: 633: 628: 626: 622: 621:formed a part 618: 615:units of the 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 567: 565: 561: 560:Freedom House 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 538: 533: 529: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 465: 459: 450: 446: 442: 438: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 373:Eastern Front 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 340: 336: 331: 325: 316: 312: 308: 304: 299: 293:Military unit 287: 283: 282:Fritz Freitag 279: 276: 270: 265: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 227: 224: 223: 221: 217: 207: 203: 196: 193: 192: 190: 186: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 154: 150: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 127: 117: 113: 110: 98: 86: 82: 78: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 45: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6905:from Commons 6900: 6879: 6850: 6846: 6755: 6752: 6745: 6736: 6733: 6726: 6699: 6696: 6688: 6685: 6673: 6651: 6608: 6605: 6593: 6587: 6568: 6562:(2 Croatian) 6559: 6553:(1 Albanian) 6550: 6544:(1 Croatian) 6541: 6532: 6529: 6523: 6503: 6500: 6494:Horst Wessel 6493: 6490: 6484: 6476: 6467: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6442:Hitlerjugend 6441: 6433: 6426:Hohenstaufen 6425: 6417: 6409: 6401: 6393: 6381: 6372: 6324: 6305: 6278: 6259: 6250: 6227: 6214: 6210: 6187: 6168: 6164: 6148:. Springer. 6145: 6109: 6103: 6076: 6047: 6043: 6020: 6016: 5994: 5975: 5956: 5937: 5914: 5895: 5864: 5845: 5826: 5816: 5794: 5786:Bibliography 5771:. Retrieved 5763:inquirer.com 5762: 5753: 5744: 5738: 5729: 5719: 5710: 5700: 5691: 5669: 5663: 5654: 5645: 5636: 5627: 5615:. Retrieved 5606: 5597: 5588: 5576: 5565: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5519: 5510: 5501: 5492: 5483: 5472: 5451:27 September 5449:, retrieved 5445: 5435: 5425:24 September 5423:. Retrieved 5412: 5402: 5394:the original 5387: 5378: 5369:24 September 5367:, retrieved 5357: 5351: 5341:24 September 5339:. Retrieved 5331:Toronto Star 5330: 5320: 5310:24 September 5308:. Retrieved 5299: 5290: 5278:. Retrieved 5272:. CBC News. 5263: 5251:. Retrieved 5242: 5232: 5224:The Guardian 5223: 5213: 5201:. Retrieved 5192: 5167:. Retrieved 5156: 5136:Rudling 2020 5131: 5114: 5097: 5085:. Retrieved 5078: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5022: 5013: 5001:. Retrieved 4992: 4983: 4971:. Retrieved 4960: 4937:30 September 4935:, retrieved 4931: 4921: 4912:30 September 4910:, retrieved 4905: 4895: 4886: 4866:the original 4859: 4850: 4838:. Retrieved 4827: 4817: 4790: 4740:. Retrieved 4736:the original 4726: 4710: 4697: 4685:. Retrieved 4681:the original 4676: 4667: 4651: 4643:the original 4633: 4626:Rudling 2012 4621: 4602: 4590: 4578:. Retrieved 4574:the original 4563: 4551:. Retrieved 4539: 4530: 4518: 4506: 4489: 4471:inhabitants. 4469: 4462:. Retrieved 4442: 4422:Rudling 2012 4417: 4408: 4399: 4388: 4379: 4368: 4359: 4352:Rudling 2012 4328:the original 4323: 4313: 4301: 4289: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4254: 4242:. Retrieved 4233: 4224: 4212:. Retrieved 4208:the original 4198: 4186:. Retrieved 4182:the original 4157:. Retrieved 4153:the original 4148: 4139: 4127:. 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Retrieved 2606: 2597: 2585: 2537:Philadelphia 2530: 2516: 2501: 2486: 2484: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2451: 2412:was awarded 2407: 2403: 2394:Anthony Rota 2363: 2337:The granite 2336: 2300: 2272: 2263: 2248:Fans of the 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2158:14th Waffen- 2141: 2127: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2097: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2077: 2074:Organization 2064: 2038: 2019: 1975: 1948: 1898: 1893: 1865: 1862:Nazi Germany 1859: 1851:Franz Magill 1814: 1810:enlisted men 1790: 1765: 1727: 1706: 1677: 1637: 1620: 1601: 1572: 1560: 1551: 1548:Hlinka Guard 1531: 1515: 1513: 1504:Karl Ullrich 1498: 1472: 1465: 1450: 1431: 1428: 1416: 1413:rank collar. 1408: 1393: 1377: 1364: 1337: 1332:2nd Air Army 1317: 1306: 1264: 1253: 1236:Walter Model 1228: 1211: 1209: 1172: 1162: 1142:Sydir Kovpak 1135: 1133: 1118: 1115: 1107: 1098: 1096: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1053: 1034: 1028: 1021: 1013: 984: 964: 960: 944: 936: 912: 887:Otto Wächter 884: 874: 864: 812: 792:and declared 777: 774:Adolf Hitler 767: 728: 726: 692: 688:Nazi Germany 686:signed with 650:, which was 644:eastern half 640:Soviet Union 629: 578: 549: 545:World War II 521: 493:SS divisions 487:In 1946 the 486: 433: 377:World War II 370: 334: 297: 295: 226:World War II 152:Part of 29: 6746:Charlemagne 6691:(1 Flemish) 6533:Prinz Eugen 6217:(2): 61–72. 5773:6 September 5603:"Waffen-SS" 5567:The Forward 5511:Forward.com 4962:The Forward 4783:Motyka 2006 4764:Motyka 2006 4595:Motyka 2006 4580:3 September 4511:Snyder 2003 4306:Melnyk 2002 4294:Melnyk 2002 4244:28 November 4145:"Personnel" 4070:Logusz 1997 4058:Logusz 1997 4007:Logusz 1997 3995:Logusz 1997 3964:Logusz 1997 3952:Logusz 1997 3940:Logusz 1997 3928:Logusz 1997 3916:Logusz 1997 3904:Logusz 1997 3892:Logusz 1997 3838:Logusz 1997 3808:Logusz 1997 3796:Logusz 1997 3718:Logusz 1997 3677:Logusz 1997 3653:Logusz 1997 3638:Logusz 1997 3614:Logusz 1997 3599:Logusz 1997 3584:Logusz 1997 3569:Logusz 1997 3557:Logusz 1997 3545:Logusz 1997 3530:Logusz 1997 3518:Logusz 1997 3481:Logusz 1997 3466:Logusz 1997 3454:Logusz 1997 3442:Logusz 1997 3430:Logusz 1997 3418:Logusz 1997 3406:Logusz 1997 3389:Logusz 1997 3374:Logusz 1997 3359:Logusz 1997 3347:Logusz 1997 3332:Logusz 1997 3248:Logusz 1997 3203:Logusz 1997 3179:Logusz 1997 3144:Logusz 1997 3132:Logusz 1997 3120:Logusz 1997 3096:Logusz 1997 3066:Logusz 1997 3054:Logusz 1997 3030:Logusz 1997 3006:Logusz 1997 2932:Logusz 1997 2882:Logusz 1997 2870:Logusz 1997 2830:Logusz 1997 2813:Logusz 1997 2772:Logusz 1997 2718:Logusz 1997 2706:Logusz 1997 2694:Logusz 1997 2682:Logusz 1997 2590:Abbott 2004 2533:Elkins Park 2493:Sol Littman 2446:Lviv Oblast 2051:Lviv oblast 2042:SS-Galizien 2032:SS-Galizien 1952:SS-Galizien 1756:Polish army 1714:the Soviets 1586:region, in 1457:Slovak Army 1385:Bilyi Kamin 1199:5 cm Pak 38 1137:Kampfgruppe 619:, and they 609:World War I 556:hate symbol 219:Engagements 188:Nickname(s) 6915:Categories 6748:(1 French) 6689:Langemarck 6569:Karstjäger 6551:Skanderbeg 6434:Frundsberg 6211:Bylye Gody 5887:0969023944 5670:60 Minutes 5087:10 January 4464:29 January 4085:Heike 1988 4034:Heike 1988 3750:Heike 1988 3701:Heike 1988 3689:Heike 1988 3626:Heike 1988 3320:Heike 1988 3296:Heike 1988 3284:Heike 1988 3272:Heike 1988 3260:Heike 1988 3233:Heike 1988 3218:Heike 1988 3191:Heike 1988 2994:Heike 1988 2616:2 February 2503:60 Minutes 2480:war crimes 2430:Mary Simon 2355:hate crime 2240:In Ukraine 2193:Commanders 1612:Steiermark 1598:Yugoslavia 1544:Bratislava 1453:Josef Tiso 1294:had landed 1274:Ivan Konev 1110:Heidelager 1017:archpriest 916:field-grey 914:Waffen-SS 904:Erich Koch 784:Nazi Party 779:Lebensraum 751:Nachtigall 570:Background 509:war crimes 417:Yugoslavia 354:volunteers 350:Nazi Party 274:commanders 267:Commanders 84:Allegiance 6835:Divisions 6798:Deception 6737:30 Januar 6700:Wallonien 6542:Handschar 6504:Nederland 6457:grenadier 6410:Totenkopf 6402:Das Reich 6375:divisions 6373:Waffen-SS 6134:144432759 6126:1556-3006 6074:(1998b). 6056:0032-2970 6029:cite book 5692:The Maple 5617:4 October 5280:13 August 5003:4 October 4973:29 August 4861:Kyiv Post 4840:4 October 4687:4 October 4214:9 October 4188:9 October 4159:9 October 4129:9 October 2577:Citations 2384:and most 2313:In Canada 2297:In Poland 2182:Battalion 2169:Battalion 2162:Battalion 2138:Structure 2120:(German: 2110:(German: 2100:(German: 2090:(German: 1775:patient, 1624:Luftwaffe 1592:Ljubljana 1528:Žarnovica 1475:Legionowo 1389:Bug River 1165:Neuhammer 940:sig runes 759:Wehrmacht 658:, signed 607:. 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