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due to the proximity of some trees after this second attempt damaged the wheel axles, and these were fixed during a lunch break. In the afternoon, further flights of 50 meters and then 82 m (269 ft) (achieving about 40 km/h), this one interrupted by the proximity of a polo barrier. As the sun set, Santos-Dumont attempted one more flight. In order to ensure he would not hit the spectators, who by this time were all over the field, he pulled up while flying over them. After 22 seconds, he cut the engine and glided in to land. He had flown for 220 meters (over 700 ft), qualifying for the second aviation prize offered for heavier-than-air-aircraft, 1,000 francs for a flight of 100 meters or more. The next notable Santos-Dumont flights were made a year later in
November 1907, flying his
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307:, where there was more space. The forces imposed by the aircraft pulled dangerously at the airship's envelope, nearly tearing it and only allowing limited control. The danger of these tests caused Santos-Dumont and his team to quickly abandon them, although some useful information was obtained that led to adjustments in the balance and weight distribution of the aircraft.
404:'s 1904-era biplane glider design, were added to the middle of each outermost wing cell, with the surfaces pivoting between the outermost forward struts, again like Pelterie's 1904 glider. These were operated by cables attached to the shoulders of the pilot's flightsuit, somewhat like the hip-movement wing-warping control of the
207:-like structure that provided a degree of inherent stability. This established the Hargrave cell as a configuration useful not only for kites but also for heavier-than-air aircraft. Santos-Dumont was living in Paris at the time, and was one of the most active "aeronauts" in Europe, having developed a series of
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dropped a plate each time he observed the wheels of the aircraft leave the ground or touch down again. The first attempt achieved a 5-second flight of about 40 m (130 ft) around 40 cm off the ground, and the second two brief flights of 40 and 50 m (160 ft). A hurried landing
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Ground in the Bois de
Boulogne on 21 August, but were halted by damage to the newly fitted aluminium-bladed propeller, which replaced one with silk-covered wooden blades. After repairs another trial took place the following day; although the nosewheel left the ground, the aircraft had insufficient
500:
lateral stability, there was no lateral control, which is required for making turns, rolling, and banking. The Wright design used wing-warping for lateral control, something which they had been using since 1899 in their gliders. Without lateral control, the aircraft merely hops, or lifts off the
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On 13 September 1906 Aéro-Club de France observers gathered to witness an attempt to make a prize-winning flight. The aircraft failed to take off during a first attempt, but during the second it lifted and flew between 4 and 7 metres (13 and 23 ft) at an altitude of about 70 centimetres
211:
that displayed unparalleled agility, speed, endurance, and ease of control. Santos-Dumont met Voisin at the end of 1905, and commissioned him to help him construct an aircraft with the intention of attempting to win one of the prizes for heavier-than-air flights offered by the
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power to take off, and Santos-Dumont decided to replace the engine with a 37 kW (50 hp) Antoinette. Trials resumed on 4 September without great success, and on 7 September, after the propeller was damaged, a new slightly larger one was fitted.
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Further trials were made with the aircraft hung from a rope attached to pulleys running along a 60 m (200 ft) long steel cable slung between two posts, one 13.5 m (44 ft) high and the other 7 m (23 ft) high, much like a
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On 23 October, after a series of engine tests and high-speed ground runs (one of which ended as one wheel came loose, but this was quickly fixed), Santos-Dumont made a flight of over 50 metres (160 ft) at an altitude of 3–5 m
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accomplished takeoffs in a strong headwind without a catapult and made controlled and sustained flight; nearly three years before Santos-Dumont made his first heavier-than-air takeoff. In addition, although the
Hargrave cells gave the
347:(28 in). The aircraft then landed in a nose-up attitude, breaking the propeller and bringing an end to the day's experiments. This brief flight did not qualify for any prize, but earned Santos-Dumont an ovation from the crowd.
491:, a year before Santos-Dumont's 50 m (160 ft) flight earned him his first aviation award. Furthermore, written and photographic documentation by the Wrights authenticated by historians shows that the 1903
472:'s contemporary, four-wheeled aircraft's flight attempts earlier in 1906 in the western suburbs of Paris, not far from the Château de Bagatelle's grounds – with a "nose-skid" under the front of the
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used a launch rail and a wheeled dolly which was left on the ground; the airplane landed on skids due to the sandy landing surface at Kitty Hawk. After 1903 the
Wrights used a catapult to assist most takeoffs of
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410:. On the morning of 12 November 1906 the aviation community of France assembled at the Château de Bagatelle's grounds to witness Santos-Dumont's next attempt. As Santos-Dumont allowed the
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prize of a silver trophy and 1500 francs for the first flight of 25 m (82 ft) and another prize of 1500 francs for the first flight of 100 m (330 ft).
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This landing damaged the aircraft slightly, but Santos-Dumont announced that he should be ready to attempt the 100-metre (330 ft) prize on 12 November 1906.
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ground and returns to it in a straight line. Dumont added octagonal ailerons to the 14 bis for lateral control in
November 1906 (see media pictures below).
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Santos Dumont made up his mind to try the simple flight on wheels that soon led him to victory and immortalized him after he heard and saw Vuia's flights
464:-bis did not use a catapult and ran on wheels located at the back of the aircraft – said to have been adopted by Santos-Dumont for his
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made a manned powered flight that was the first to be publicly witnessed by a crowd and also filmed. It was also the first powered flight by a non-
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propeller, and the pilot stood in a wicker basket immediately in front of the engine. A movable boxkite-style cell at the nose, pivoted on a
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flying over the Château de
Bagatelle grounds on 23 October 1906. Note lack of ailerons, which were added later for lateral control.
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was mounted at the extreme rear end of the fuselage, itself located almost vertically equidistant between the biplane wing panels'
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within it and controlled by cables was intended for yaw and pitch control. This layout would later come to be called a "
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Gray, Carroll F. "The 1904 Huffman
Prairie Experiments, The 1904 Flyer & The Search For A "Practical Machine"".
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at the Château de
Bagatelle grounds, suspended from the envelope of Santos-Dumont's No. 14 airship
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engine. The wings, each made up of three cells, were at the back and configured with pronounced
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The first trials of the aircraft were made on 22 July 1906 at Santos-Dumont's grounds at
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1056:"1903-The First Flight – Wright Brothers National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)"
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to promote the development of heavier-than-air aviation in France. These included the
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made a circling flight of 38.9 km (24 mi) in 39 minutes 23 seconds, over
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The 14-bis in its final form in
November 1906, with octagonal-planform interplane
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1176:. Translated by Maria Cristina Ramalho Ardoy. Rio de Janeiro: CBPF. p. 17.
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2-bladed paddle blade pusher propeller, 2 m (6 ft 7 in) diameter
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Santos-Dumont supervised construction of a
Hargrave-cell biplane powered by an
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365: ft). This earned Santos-Dumont the first of the aviation prizes, 3,000
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Aircraft created by Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont in 1906
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Mastering the Sky: A History of Aviation from Ancient Times to the Present
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1297:"A CFD-based Analysis of the 14-Bis Aircraft Aerodynamics and Stability"
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to make the aircraft laterally stable. The 37-kilowatt (50-horsepower)
1198:
Gray, Carroll F. (November 2006). "The 1906 Santos-Dumont No. 14bis".
1108:
The Wright Brothers, David McCullough, 2015 Simon and Schuster, p. 240
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1272:
To Conquer the Air: The Wright Brothers and The Great Race for Flight
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The Wright Brothers, David McCullough, 2015 Simon and Schuster, p. 39
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1248:. transl: Soares, Hercillio A. VARIG Maintenance Base, Rio: 1973.
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Monument at the Château's grounds, to Santos-Dumont's flight of
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joined by aluminium sockets and was covered with Japanese silk.
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The Wright Brothers: Aviation Pioneers and Their Work 1899–1911
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Following the airframe damage from the 23 October flights, the
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Joao Luiz Musa, Marcelo Breda Mourao, and Ricardo Tilkian,
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was featured as one of the highlights of Brazil during the
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1163:. Associacao Promotora Da Instrucao, Rio de Janeiro: 1986.
975:(Dover ed.). New York: Dover Publications. pp.
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to run down the field, a car drove alongside, from which
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had flown a glider towed by a fast boat on the river
27:"14-bis" redirects here. For the Brazilian band, see
447:, was the first true airplane. For takeoff the 1903
1334:
http://www.thefirsttofly.hpg.ig.com.br/pioneer2.htm
1295:Bitencourt; Pogorzelski; Freitas; Azevedo (2011).
1073:(2 ed.). London: Science Museum. p. 44.
968:
400:, with a hinging and mounting location similar to
388:Concluding flights, and the inclusion of ailerons
159:designed and built by Brazilian aviation pioneer
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369:for a flight of 25 m (82 ft) or more.
1170:Santos-Dumont and the Invention of the Airplane
479:In contrast to that view, on October 5, 1905,
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1246:Alberto Santos-Dumont: The Father of Aviation
1200:WWI Aero: The Journal of the Early Aeroplane
1096:WW1 Aero: The Journal of the Early Aeroplane
175:airplane aside from short powered "hops" by
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1344:Aérostèles lieux de mémoire aéronautique
1002:"TRAIAN VUIA - in a Century of Aviation"
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626:Model of 14-bis, with octagonal ailerons
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251:, with the rear-mount engine driving a
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1254:French Aeroplanes before the Great War
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514:French Aeroplanes before the Great War
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735:Encyclopædia Britannica: Clément Ader
681:2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
664:2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
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871:La Deuxième envolée de Santos-Dumont
322:The first free-flight trials of the
1282:Santos Dumont: A Study in Obsession
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901:
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539:11.5 m (37 ft 9 in)
24:
1568:1900s French experimental aircraft
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1147:Opening Ceremonies (5 August 2016)
923:"l'Aéroplane Santos=Dumont No. 19"
552:3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
25:
1614:
1322:
1167:BARROS, Henrique Lins de (2006).
1034:. Friedman/Fairfax. p. 311.
1032:Biplanes, Triplanes and Seaplanes
504:
1545:
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1241:("The Conquest of the Air") 1901
1218:The Rebirth of European Aviation
1093:
971:The Wright Brothers: A Biography
931:(in French): 314. November 1907.
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619:
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546:2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
45:
1256:. Atglen: Schiffer Publishing.
1244:Hippolyto Da Costa, Fernando.
1234:("I Flew Through the Air") 2003
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558:52 m (560 sq ft)
518:The 1906 Santos-Dumont No 14bis
1593:Single-engined pusher aircraft
891:, Da Capo Press, 2000, p. 48,
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1:
1274:. Free Press, New York: 2003.
852:, September 1906, pp. 191–194
460:airplanes. The Santos-Dumont
191:In June 1905, French aviator
186:
1598:Aircraft first flown in 1906
1252:Opdycke, Leonard E. (1999).
943:"The Case for Santos-Dumont"
468:after personally witnessing
396:was repaired, and octagonal
7:
1069:Gibbs-Smith, C. H. (2002).
614:14-bis on a French postcard
263:". It was constructed from
10:
1619:
1329:PBS Nova: Wings of Madness
1314:10.5028/jatm.2011.03021711
1159:Barros, Henrique Lins de.
1008:. Romanian Academy Library
827:Le Aéroplane Santos-Dumont
812:Le Aéroplane Santos-Dumont
380:and its first world record
26:
1387:
1301:J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag
707:, 20 February 1909, p.108
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578:, 37 kW (50 hp)
564:290 kg (639 lb)
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1058:. National Park Service.
1030:Sharpe, Michael (2000).
847:L'Essor de Santos-Dumont
832:, July 1906, pp. 168–169
756:Romanian Academy Library
686:
591:
1603:Standing pilot aircraft
967:Kelly, Fred C. (1989).
524:General characteristics
441:, rather than the 1903
402:Robert Esnault-Pelterie
218:Coupe Ernest Archdeacon
1573:Santos-Dumont aircraft
1284:. London: Putnam, 1962
1237:Alberto Santos Dumont
722:Air and Space Magazine
718:"10 Milestone Flights"
437:Some contend that the
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1381:Alberto Santos-Dumont
1220:. London: HMSO, 1974
1161:Alberto Santos-Dumont
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161:Alberto Santos-Dumont
80:Alberto Santos-Dumont
69:Experimental aircraft
876:October 1906, p. 245
784:Wykeham, pp. 202–203
301:Château de Bagatelle
261:canard configuration
147:" in French), was a
1232:Eu Naveguei Pelo Ar
947:wright-brothers.org
885:Harrison, James P.
861:Gibbs-Smith, p. 218
802:Gibbs-Smith, p. 212
793:Gibbs-Smith, p. 137
775:Gibbs-Smith, p. 160
752:Century of Aviation
275:Operational history
214:Aéro-Club de France
60:General information
1379:Aircraft built by
1215:Gibbs-Smith, C. H.
1193:on April 27, 2021.
817:, July 1906, p.167
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326:took place at the
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209:non-rigid airships
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1339:Santos-dumont.net
1239:A Conquista Do Ar
700:Mechanical Flight
698:Bruce, Stuart E.
638:14-bis Square in
576:V-8 piston engine
421:No. 19 Demoiselle
135:), also known as
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16:(Redirected from
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1392:List of aircraft
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1123:
1114:
1105:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1080:9781900747448
1076:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1041:1-58663-300-7
1037:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1007:
1003:
996:
988:
986:9780486260563
982:
978:
973:
972:
963:
948:
944:
938:
930:
929:
924:
918:
912:
911:, 1909, p. 12
910:
904:
898:
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890:
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875:
872:
867:
858:
851:
848:
843:
841:
839:
831:
828:
823:
816:
813:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
757:
753:
749:
748:"Traian Vuia"
742:
736:
731:
723:
719:
713:
706:
705:
701:
695:
691:
684:
682:
678:
665:
661:
654:
649:
645:
641:
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
601:
596:
595:
589:
583:
580:
577:
574:Water-cooled
573:
572:Antoinette 8V
569:
566:
563:
562:Gross weight:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
538:
535:
532:
529:
528:
527:
525:
520:
519:
515:
511:
502:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:Wilbur Wright
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
446:
445:
440:
433:
429:
424:
422:
417:
413:
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379:
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370:
368:
348:
341:
336:
332:
329:
325:
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318:
314:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
286:
281:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
242:fuel-injected
239:
235:
231:
221:
219:
215:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
58:
54:
48:
43:
38:
30:
29:14 Bis (band)
19:
1472:
1397:
1304:
1300:
1281:
1271:
1253:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1226:0 11290180 8
1217:
1199:
1188:the original
1169:
1160:
1154:Bibliography
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1098:(182): 5–21.
1095:
1089:
1070:
1064:
1050:
1031:
1025:
1017:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
995:
970:
962:
950:. Retrieved
946:
937:
926:
917:
908:
903:
887:
881:
866:
857:
822:
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
759:. Retrieved
751:
741:
730:
721:
712:
704:
694:
676:
674:
659:
587:
581:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
536:
530:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:
497:
493:Wright Flyer
492:
489:Dayton, Ohio
478:
473:
465:
461:
449:Wright Flyer
448:
444:Wright Flyer
442:
438:
436:
432:Wright Flyer
431:
427:
416:Henry Farman
411:
407:Wright Flyer
405:
393:
391:
383:
349:
345:
339:
323:
321:
316:
309:
290:
284:
227:
217:
190:
177:Clément Ader
168:
145:bird of prey
136:
129:Quatorze-bis
121:Quatorze-bis
111:
110:
108:
100:First flight
87:Number built
1012:January 21,
1006:biblacad.ro
928:l'Aérophile
874:L'Aérophile
850:l'Aérophile
830:l'Aérophile
815:l'Aérophile
761:February 4,
582:Propellers:
568:Powerplant:
544:Wing chord:
470:Traian Vuia
181:Traian Vuia
149:pioneer era
131:; English:
1562:Categories
897:1885119682
640:Petrópolis
556:Wing area:
476:fuselage.
454:their 1904
319:of today.
317:tyrolienne
249:wing roots
238:Antoinette
230:Antoinette
187:Background
125:Portuguese
1208:0736-198X
537:Wingspan:
512:Opdycke,
510:Data from
297:Number 14
245:V8 engine
203:cells, a
1583:Biplanes
1540:Aviation
1473:No.14bis
1145:Rio 2016
658:Replica
646:, Brazil
516:; Gray,
398:ailerons
313:zip-line
234:dihedral
205:box kite
201:Hargrave
75:Designer
53:ailerons
1526:Portals
662:at the
550:Height:
474:14-bis'
360:⁄
303:in the
293:Neuilly
157:biplane
155:-style
95:History
1552:Brazil
1398:Brésil
1260:
1224:
1206:
1180:
1077:
1038:
983:
909:Flight
895:
703:Flight
677:14-bis
671:Legacy
660:14-bis
498:14-bis
466:14-bis
439:14-bis
428:14-bis
412:14-bis
394:14-bis
367:francs
340:14-bis
324:14-bis
285:14-bis
265:bamboo
253:pusher
224:Design
169:14-bis
167:, the
153:canard
117:French
112:14-bis
40:14-bis
18:14 bis
1513:No.22
1508:No.21
1503:No.20
1498:No.19
1493:No.18
1488:No.17
1483:No.16
1478:No.15
1469:No.14
1464:No.13
1459:No.12
1454:No.11
1449:No.10
1191:(PDF)
1174:(PDF)
952:9 May
687:Notes
592:Media
531:Crew:
487:near
197:Seine
165:Paris
1444:No.9
1439:No.8
1434:No.7
1429:No.6
1424:No.5
1419:No.4
1414:No.3
1409:No.2
1404:No.1
1258:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1204:ISSN
1178:ISBN
1075:ISBN
1036:ISBN
1014:2021
981:ISBN
954:2014
893:ISBN
763:2024
675:The
570:1 ×
458:1905
456:and
430:vs.
351:(10–
338:The
328:Polo
283:The
269:pine
267:and
179:and
109:The
65:Type
1309:doi
977:249
315:or
123:; (
1564::
1303:.
1299:.
1280:.
1016:.
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925:.
837:^
754:.
750:.
720:.
683:.
642:,
462:14
423:.
353:16
183:.
151:,
143:("
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119::
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1471:/
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1083:.
1044:.
989:.
956:.
765:.
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533:1
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358:1
355:+
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20:)
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