14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

2430: 843: 979:. The bulletin also said the creation of the Galicia Division would undermine the prestige of the idea of a Ukrainian state. The OUN-B was not in contact with the Ukrainian Central Committee and had no involvement in the division's creation. Roman Shukhevych's UPA discouraged young men in Galicia from joining it and instead tried to recruit them for their guerilla army. But the UPA later changed its position out of pragmatism. The organization lacked trained recruits and had a shortage of resources that prevent it from becoming a significant force. Therefore, Shukhevych secretly met with a Ukrainian member of Wächter's military board in early October 1943. In the meeting they arranged to send UPA volunteers into the division to receive training, weapons, and intelligence, taking advantage of the Galicia Division as much as they could for the movement's benefit, before having them desert and rejoin the UPA. Shukhevych also said he respected the decision of anyone who joined the Galicia Division and considered them to be Ukrainian patriots. 1079: 1071: 915:. He added that the division would also have chaplains from the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church because Galicia's population was very religious. Various logistical matters related to the unit were discussed, as well as methods of recruitment and propaganda. A recruitment committee was established along with a military board consisting of Ukrainian military veterans and other Ukrainian advisors. A ceremony was held in Lviv on 28 April 1943 where Wächter announced the creation of the Galicia Division. He received Himmler's final approval shortly after that, despite the opposition of Erich Koch to any Ukrainian military units being formed. Himmler also believed that Galician Ukrainians were more Germanized because they had been part of the Austrian empire, and that the Galicians were more "Aryan-like." Thus it became the second non- 1407:

additional 2,000 survived, but in the retreat either joined the UPA or were combined into other German units, before returning to the Galicia Division weeks later. Freitag resumed his role as the commander of the Ukrainian survivors who made it out of the pocket and retreated west with the remnants of XIII Corps. The German high command believed that the Ukrainians had performed well given the conditions at Brody. Freitag and his chief of staff met with Himmler, who had taken a personal interest in the Galicia Division, in Berlin after the battle. Himmler defended the Ukrainians' performance in the battle when Freitag proposed that the division be disbanded, and gave the order to rebuild the Galicia Division on 8 August 1944. The survivors entered the

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against the partisans, neither of which were successful, as the partisans were able to evade and escape from the Galicia Division due to the mountainous terrain slowing down the division's movements and giving the partisans time to detect their approach. During its stay in this area the Galicia Division was reinforced with another Ukrainian battalion under German leadership, known as the Ukrainian Self-Defence Legion, along with Ukrainians from various other German units that sought to join the division as the Third Reich faced collapse. In April 1945 they also absorbed about 2,500

93: 80: 60: 1433:. More volunteers from Galicia were accepted into the division as well, though they were different from those who had joined in 1943. Many of them joined for reasons other than Ukrainian nationalist sentiment, such as to escape from the difficult conditions in Galicia, and had very little interest in the Ukrainian national cause. The training of the new recruits was also of lower quality, due to the lack of time, equipment, and ammunition. After the division was rebuilt, it reportedly had 286 officers and 13,999 NCOs and soldiers. On 30 September 1944, Freitag was awarded the 1583:. The Ukrainians had about 22,000 troops at the end of 1944 and the start of 1945, including the Training and Reserve Regiment. There were claims in Slovak sources that the Ukrainian troops were involved in looting supplies from the civilian population as they evacuated. Around that time the unit was renamed as the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian), being called the Ukrainian Division for the first time by the German military command. Many of the division's members remained unaware of this change and continued using the name Galicia. 1004:

there were 80,000 volunteers for the SS Division Galicia, of whom 53,000 were admitted. About 25,000 were deemed fit for service and 13,245 passed the medical examination. They were sent to training; 1,487 were dropped during the training period, leaving the division with 11,758 personnel. Those volunteers were mostly between the ages of 18 and 30, many from a middle class professional background or from farming families. Most of the soldiers in the division were Ukrainian Greek Catholics, with the exception of a small number of Ukrainian Orthodox. The

842: 1015:, the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Wehrmacht (including the former Nachtigall and Roland battalions), or the Austro-Hungarian Army. In addition to these, 1,000 of the Ukrainian recruits who enlisted in 1943 who had had higher education were sent to officer or NCO training schools. Most of the Ukrainian officers remained at the company level or below. Dmytro Paliiv, who was a veteran of the Sich Riflemen, was appointed the Ukrainian political advisor to the Galicia Division's German commander. 1962:. On 23 February 1944, two members of a detachment of the division were shot by the self-defense forces. Five days later, a mixed force of Ukrainian police and German soldiers shelled the village before entering it and ordering all the civilians to gather together. In the ensuing massacre, the village of Huta Pienacka was destroyed, and between 500 and 1,000 of the inhabitants were killed. According to Polish accounts, civilians were locked in barns that were set on fire, while those attempting to flee were killed. 1551:

destroyed entire villages during anti-partisan operations. Ukrainian civilian refugees also left Galicia for Slovakia around that time, where they were given refuge by the Tiso government, and some members of the division thought they might find their relatives in the country. It was also reported that about 200 Ukrainian soldiers defected from the Galicia Division to the Slovak partisans while they were stationed in Slovakia. Additionally, a November 1944 report on the UPA and the OUN by the German general

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Waffen-SS units. Now the 14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division, it consisted of three 'grenadier' (infantry) regiments and an assortment of specialized units, though they were not yet at full strength. In the last months of 1943 and early 1944 the division received additional troops from disbanded police regiments and from new volunteers. In January 1944, Freitag left for several weeks to attend a training course for division commanders, and in his absence the commanding officer was

835: 2312: 6851: 899:. As a former part of the Austrian empire, Galicia was governed separately from the rest of Ukraine, and was also the only region where Ukrainians were allowed to participate in its administration in a significant way. Wächter wanted to make the region an example for changing German policy toward Ukraine. In early 1943 Wächter discussed the matter of a Ukrainian SS division with Himmler, and received Himmler's approval for the basic idea on 28 March 1943. 709: 1102:

selected to become officers, NCOs, or chaplains, were sent to various other locations throughout Europe before returning to the rest of the division. The German instructors noted that the Ukrainian recruits were enthusiastic and dedicated. During their training the recruits also received two hours per week of political education by company commanders in National Socialism, which aimed to instill in them the belief in the victory of the Third Reich.

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its assembling. In mid-May 1944, Heinrich Himmler visited Neuhammer to inspect the division. During that time he gave a speech to the Galicia Division's officers in which he acknowledged them as Ukrainian (as opposed to Galician), saying that he should have designated the division Ukrainian from the beginning, and that the German and Ukrainian members must be treated as equals. After his inspection, Himmler informed the commander of

1036:, was reluctant to give more authority to Ukrainian officers since they did not have recent combat experience, which caused tensions between the Germans and the Ukrainians. Freitag was a committed National Socialist and was focused on instilling the Ukrainians with "the Prussian spirit" to turn the Galicia Division into an effective fighting force. The division's chief of staff from January 1944 until the end of the war, Wehrmacht 1339:, which suffered heavy losses in the initial Soviet offensive, causing the Galicia Division to be sent to reinforce its sector of the front. The 29th and 30th regiments of the Galicia Division, supported by the division's artillery regiment, put up unexpectedly fierce resistance. Pidhirtsy changed hands several times before the Galicians were finally overwhelmed by the late afternoon, and at Olesko a major Soviet attack using 1927: 1372:. Freitag remained with the Corps staff while Lindemann organized the withdrawal of the Galicia Division remnants to the south. Some Ukrainian assault groups remained intact, others joined German units, and others fled or melted away. The Ukrainian 14th SS Fusilier battalion, which at this point had also largely disintegrated, came to form the rearguard of what was left of the entire XIII Corps. Holding the town of 1236: 730:. The willingness of the German military to work with Ukrainian nationalists led them to believe that Germany would recognize Ukrainian independence in the future in exchange for their assistance. An OUN battalion accompanied German forces into Poland in September 1939, but when Germany allowed the Soviet Union to occupy Eastern Galicia, the battalion was withdrawn by its leadership. The OUN itself was led by 827: 6884: 1347: 951:

officers, and its soldiers would be given the same benefits as other Wehrmacht and SS personnel. Kubiyovych said after the war that the Germans largely met his demands. The Germans also made another concession, by adding the phrase to the division's oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler that it was in his role as "the Commander-in-Chief of the German Armed Forces in the struggle against Bolshevism."

1863:. The Waffen-SS Galizien destroyed several Polish communities in western Ukraine during the winter and spring of 1944. Specifically, the 4th and 5th SS Police Regiments have been accused of murdering Polish civilians in the course of anti-guerilla activity. At the time of their actions, those units were not yet under Divisional command, but were under German police command. Yale historian 947:, and throughout the occupation it appealed to German officials to minimize or prevent brutal policies from being imposed. The organization's motivation for supporting the Galicia Division included the desire to create a Ukrainian military force, and given that Ukrainians were already being used by Germany, it would be better if they were concentrated in a single Ukrainian unit. 4446: 1595:, Slovenia, in two separate groups on 31 January 1945, marching there because the railway lines were unavailable. The division had the opportunity to continue rebuilding and rearming itself while in Slovakia, as well as gaining experience in security operations, and the march to its new posting was successful. Divisional units were spread out in the Slovenian region of 2429: 1705:, the 1st Ukrainian Division remained in effect part of the German military right up to the end of the war. On 6 May 1945 the German commanders in southeast Austria made the decision for all units to withdraw from the front line to surrender to the Americans or the British in the west instead of the Red Army. The Ukrainians surrendered to British troops at 1659:, in southeast Austria alongside other German units, such as the IV SS Panzer Corps. From 15 to 17 April, the Galicia Division defeated a Soviet attack on Gleichenberg, which had placed the village's castle, held by Ukrainians, under siege. A relief force from the rest of the division reached the troops in the castle and pushed back the Soviets. 1547:, the center of the insurgency, where they recaptured it from the rebels. Some of its members were personally decorated by Slovak President Josef Tiso. German commanders and members of Tiso's Slovak government acknowledged that the Ukrainians from the Galicia Division had a significant role in fighting the uprising in northwest Slovakia. 700:

Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance were among those arrested and deported, and the party's dissolution by the Soviets left the OUN as the only functional Ukrainian political organization remaining in Galicia, since it was already an underground movement because of its conflict with the Polish government in the 1920s and 1930s.

4430: 2270:(Soldiers Division "Galicia" Street), and in Lviv there are memorial plaques in honour of the soldiers who fought in the division. On 23 September 2020, the Ukrainian Supreme Court ruled that symbols of SS Division Galicia do not belong to the Nazis and therefore were not banned in the country. The same argument was made by the 4271:

commission of acts declared criminal by Article 6 of the Charter, or who were personally implicated as members of the organization in the commission of such crimes, excluding, however, those who were drafted into membership by the State in such a way as to give them no choice in the matter, and who had committed no such crimes.

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Reich and its responsibility in the mass killings of Jews, Ukrainians and Poles: "They represent this division as fighting not for Nazi Germany, but for Ukrainian independence. They fought under German command until the end of the Second World War". This process was opposed by Canadian Jewish groups.

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concluded that the 4th and 5th SS Galizien Police regiments did kill the civilians within the village, but added that the grisly reports by eyewitnesses in the Polish accounts were "hard to come up with" and that the likelihood was "difficult to believe". The institute also noted that, at the time of

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has stated that the Germans formed several SS police regiments (numbered from 4 to 8) which included "Galizien" in their name. Those police regiments joined the division in Spring 1944. On 23 February 1944, before being incorporated into the division, the 4th and 5th police regiments had participated

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Ukrainian and German sources claim that the troops of the Galicia Division generally had good relations with the Slovak civilian population, and that Slovak guides worked with the division, though there are accusations from Slovak sources that some of them carried out repraisals against civilians and

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was also in favor. At the same time, it was met with a mixed reaction from the underground Ukrainian nationalist movement. The Galicia Division was supported by Andriy Melnyk's moderate faction of the OUN, who saw it as a counterweight to the extremist Banderite-dominated UPA, and by some officers of

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men from the 14th SS assisted in rounding-up Jewish people. On 4 March 1944, 14th SS men and German gendarmé conducted pacfication operations at the village Wicyń (Vitsyn) in Poland. On the same day, 600 villagers were murdered in the villages of Czernicy, Palikrowy, and Malinska. In April 1944, the

1531:, the Galician regiments and battalions were spread out in an area that was 47 miles from north to south and 65 miles from east to west. The Galicia Division maintained order in the towns there and carried out successful actions against Slovak partisans, according to the German military commander in 1323:

flew aircraft sorties and bombed them as they attempted their counterattack. On 18 July, the division's Field Replacement Battalion largely escaped the encirclement and were reported as having fled west, whilst the remainder of XIII Corps, consisting of over 30,000 German and Ukrainian soldiers, was

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detachment rejoined the rest of the division in Neuhammer shortly after. At this time the division reportedly had 12,901 members. At the new location the division was joined by Ukrainian officers and NCOs who had completed their training elsewhere, along with new recruits from Galicia, and completed

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Your homeland has become so much more beautiful since you have lost – on our initiative, I must say – those residents who were so often a dirty blemish on Galicia's good name, namely the Jews ... I know that if I ordered you to liquidate the Poles ... I would be giving you permission to do what you

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against "Major War Criminals" did not specifically mention this unit, but ruled that all persons who had been officially accepted as members of the SS after 1 September 1939 and who became or remained members of the organization with knowledge that it was being used for the commission of war crimes

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to intervene on behalf of the division, whom he described as "good Catholics and fervent anti-Communists". Due to Vatican intervention, the British authorities changed the status of the division members from POW to surrendered enemy personnel. 176 soldiers of the division, mainly prewar Polish Army

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The SS leader in Ljubljana was satisfied with the division's early successful operations against the local Yugoslav Partisan units, and decided to expand their role, sending some Ukrainian units to assist the Wehrmacht in the mountains south of Ljubljana. They carried out two large-scale operations

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In September 1943 the division's headquarters staff was established under the command of Walter Schimana, before Fritz Freitag succeeded Schimana as the division commander two months later. Also in October the division was renamed and its units were renumbered in accordance with a reorganization of

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The Tribunal declares to be criminal within the meaning of the Charter the group composed of those persons who had been officially accepted as members of the SS as enumerated in the preceding paragraph who became or remained members of the organization with knowledge that it was being used for the

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The commission completed its work without consideration of soviet evidence. The commission would not travel to Europe. No evidence or witness testimony from organizations and victims where the alleged crimes took place in Eastern Europe was taken or used in the investigation. Rabbi Marvin Hier, of

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found that screening was virtually 'non-existent' for Ukrainian SS veterans who entered Canada in 1950." He added that entry into Canada was based on "false assurances" from the U.K. that they were not war criminals. It was discovered that in 1947 the Foreign Office lied to parliament, that the SS

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of the National Army arrived at the division headquarters to take command on 19 April. The current commander, Freitag, had received notice ahead of time from Fritz Arlt of the SS Eastern Volunteers Office informing him of the agreement with the Ukrainian National Committee. Together with Shandruk,

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In the early morning of 22 July, the 14th Fusilier battalion abandoned Bilyi Kamin. The Brody pocket was now only 4 to 5 miles (6.4–8.0 kilometres) long and wide. The German and Ukrainian soldiers were instructed to attack with everything they had by moving forward until they broke through or

1304:, the division was initially in reserve. Deployed at Brody were the division's 29th, 30th, 31st Waffen-Grenadier regiments, a fusilier and an engineering battalion, along with its artillery regiment. The Field Replacement Battalion was deployed fifteen miles (24 kilometres) behind the other units. 690:

while the region was part of Poland, a party that stood for democracy and the development of the Ukrainian nation through increasing self-reliance and building up Ukrainian institutions. The other purpose of the party was to represent Ukrainian ethnic interests, and it became the largest Ukrainian

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apologized on the 24th for inviting the veteran stating "I have subsequently become aware of more information which causes me to regret my decision . I wish to make clear that no one, including fellow parliamentarians and the Ukraine delegation, was aware of my intention or of my remarks before I

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The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) is today honored by many Ukrainian nationalists. On 28 April, an annual march is organised locally in Lviv to celebrate the anniversary of the division's foundation. On 30 April 2021, after the march was held in Kyiv, Ukrainian President

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Former soldiers of SS "Galizien" were allowed to emigrate to Canada and the United Kingdom in 1947. The names of about 8,000 men from the division who were admitted to the UK have been stored in the so-called "Rimini List". Despite several requests of various lobby groups, the details of the list

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In early May 1943 the recruitment process slowly began. Rallies were held across cities and towns in Galicia for two months, and by mid-1943, as the division received support from retired Ukrainian officers and the UPA, recruitment picked up. After the first three months of the recruitment drive,

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The unit was initially opposed by the OUN-B and the UPA. A bulletin published by them in May 1943 criticized the creation of a German-led Ukrainian division, as it would deprive their nationalist movement of potential recruits by using them as cannon fodder, and went on to say that it represented

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In July 1943, Wächter argued with Himmler about his order forbidding the use of "Ukrainian" in the name to discourage Ukrainian statehood, but Himmler stood firm and insisted on calling the division members "Galicians" instead of Ukrainians. The regional symbol of Galicia was used as the division

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Ukrainian-Canadian political science professor Ivan Katchanovski stated that the supporters of the SS Galicia Division in Canada, where many of their members immigrated after the Second World War, attempted to portray it as a patriotic military formation, despite its collaboration with the Third

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By the end of that day, in the face of overwhelming Soviet attacks, the 14th Galician Division as a whole disintegrated. Late on 19 July its German commander, Fritz Freitag, resigned his command and was called in for service with XIII Corps staff. Command of all remaining units was then given to

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There is a dispute over whether the change in its status as a Ukrainian National Army unit was formally acknowledged amidst the deteriorating war situation in Germany. Hitler was either unaware the division existed or had forgotten about it, and when he found out during a meeting of generals in

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Freitag presided over the change in name and emblems, and administered to the troops an oath of loyalty to Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. These events took place just weeks before the German surrender. Shandruk continued to work with Freitag and the German officers as the division commander.

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as the sole representative of the Ukrainians in Germany. Formed in late 1944, the organizers of the committee included Andriy Melnyk, Stepan Bandera, and Volodymyr Kubiyovych, the head of the Ukrainian Central Committee, which had been evacuated to Germany as the Red Army advanced. The National

943:. The Ukrainian Central Committee was established in June 1940 in German-occupied Western Galicia with the approval of the German authorities. It had no political status and was meant to organize social and welfare services for the western Ukrainian population, including by cooperating with the 2186:

The following officers were the commanders of the division. Fritz Freitag was the longest serving commander of the Galicia Division, and he continued in that role until the German surrender at the end of the war, at which point he committed suicide. Freitag, the newly appointed commander Pavlo

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Out of the around 11,000 soldiers in the Galicia Division who fought at Brody, only 3,000 escaped the encirclement. The others were killed or taken prisoner by the Soviets, and some of the survivors decided to escape and join the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Another source estimated that an

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camp in the General Government. They were given instruction in combat tactics, rifle, and heavy weapons training. Personnel who required specialized training in different fields (such as anti-tank warfare, communications, animal equipment maintenance, or combat engineering), and those who were

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In return for his support, Kubiyovych obtained assurances from Wächter that the division would be allowed to have chaplains of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, that it would only be used against communist forces on the Eastern Front (and not for Germany's internal security), have Ukrainian

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secret police began mass arrests, murders, and deportations to other parts of the Soviet Union of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in Galicia and other members of the population. These measures lasted for the entire period of Soviet control over the region between 1939 and 1941. The leaders of the

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At a conference of SS officials held by Wächter on 12 April 1943, they came to an agreement regarding the details of the new division. He proposed the name of the unit to be SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (Himmler insisted against using "Ukrainian" in the name), and that it be given standard

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The surviving veterans were combined with 8,000 men who had come from the division's Training and Reserve Regiment, and the officer and NCO candidates who had completed their training courses around that time. More German officers and NCOs were also added to the Galicia Division. Many of the

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which was striking north to relieve the entrapped forces, despite early successes. By this point the Division's 30th and 31st regiments had been destroyed. A second German breakout attempt that began on 21 July ended in failure, but ten miles (16 kilometres) to the west of the pocket, the

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in August 1941. Wächter sympathized with the Ukrainian population, many of whom initially saw the Germans as liberators after the previous years of Soviet oppression, and believed that Germany could work with them against the Soviets. Wächter's governance of Galicia, which was part of the

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Based on postwar studies and veteran accounts after the war, the most common motivation for Ukrainian volunteers in the division was the idea that at some point it would become part of a Ukrainian national army established for the purpose of achieving Ukraine's independence. During the

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was the site of a monastery where Poles sought shelter from the encroaching front. On 11 March 1944, around 2,000 people, the majority of whom were women and children, were seeking refuge there when the monastery was attacked by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (unit under the command of

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partisans in the village of Huta Pieniacka, which had also served as a shelter for Jews and as a fortified centre for Polish and Soviet guerrillas. Huta Pieniacka was a Polish self-defence outpost, organized by inhabitants of the village and sheltering civilian refugees from

1896:, who was alleged to be a former "deputy company commander" in the division, was implicated in war crimes committed before he joined the division in 1945. According to Associated Press, before joining the Division Karkoc had served as a "lieutenant" of the 2nd Company of the 1384:

were destroyed. Fighting was fierce and desperate. The German and Ukrainian soldiers surging south were able to overwhelm the Soviet 91st Separate Tank Brigade and its infantry support, and to escape by the thousands. The remaining pocket collapsed by the evening of 22 July.

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that the Galicia Division was ready to be sent into battle. In mid-June they were also visited by the leaders of the Ukrainian Central Committee. Towards the end of the month, it was decided that the division would be deployed to the area of western Ukraine being held by the

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Polish witness accounts state that the soldiers were accompanied by Ukrainian nationalists (paramilitary unit under Włodzimierz Czerniawski's command), which included members of the UPA, as well as inhabitants of nearby villages who took property from households. The

456:) from its creation until October 1943. It then became the 14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division, before being renamed again in June 1944 as the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division (1st Galician) until November 1944, when its designation was changed to 1st Ukrainian ( 4977: 2187:

Shandruk, who had taken command in the last days of the war, and Otto Wächter arranged the surrender to the Western Allies. The Ukrainian general Mykhailo Krat was briefly in command of the troops after the surrender, when they were held at a prison camp.

799:. Both Melnyk and Bandera were kept under arrest by the Germans until 1944, and the Germans spent the summer and fall of 1941 detaining OUN leaders and members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. The OUN units with the Wehrmacht became fully integrated as 5813:

Bolianovskyi, Andrii; Młynarczyk, Jacek Andrzej; Rein, Leonid; Romanko, Oleg (2017). "Eastern Europe: Belarusian auxiliaries, Ukrainian Waffen-SS soldiers, and the special case of the Polish 'Blue Police'". In Jochen Böhler; Robert Gerwarth (eds.).

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14th SS burned the Polish villages of Budki Nieznanowskie in Kamionka Strumiłowa, Iasenytsia Polsk in Kamionka Strumiłowa, and Pawłów in Radziechowsk. 22 villagers were murdered in Chatki, in the district of Pohajce by "deserters" from the 14th SS.

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troops and local guerilla fighters, along with Soviet partisans and paratroopers who were airlifted into Slovakia. On 22 September 1944, the Galicia Division was ordered to send a battlegroup to Slovakia to assist German forces in putting down the

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stated: "We categorically condemn any manifestation of propaganda of totalitarian regimes, in particular the National Socialist, and attempts to revise truth about World War II." The march was condemned by the German and Israeli governments.

1120:, who was normally the commander of the divisional artillery. In early February, the division sent a company to Lviv to serve as an honor guard at the funeral of two of the Galicia governor's senior staff members who had been assassinated. 6088: 1729:

a prewar Polish Army colleague, asking him to protect the army against the deportation to Soviet Union. There is credible evidence that despite Soviet pressure, Anders managed to protect the Ukrainian troops, as former citizens of the

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operations against Soviet guerilla fighters from 28 February until 27 March 1944. They attacked a partisan group, inflicting casualties, and discovered hidden weapons caches. About 20 to 25 Galicia Division soldiers were killed. The

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that launched an offensive into Slovakia from Hungary. In mid-January the frontline was approaching close to the division's headquarters in Žilina. On 25 January 1945 the division received an order to move from Slovakia to the

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broke through Soviet lines and briefly established contact with the Brody pocket. They sent a message on 21 July to the 1st Panzer Army headquarters that thousands of men from the pocket were rescued before they were repulsed.

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Four police regiments were also formed from some of those who volunteered for the Galicia Division but did not meet the basic military requirements; they were given the name Galician SS Volunteer Regiments 4 through 7 (German:

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said the commission, "did not go far enough" and added "not to pursue investigations against individuals merely for being members of the Galicia Division did not necessarily mean the individual veterans were all innocent."

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was used for SS infantry divisions that primarily consisted of non-Germanic people, as a way of getting around the organization's racial policies, because these units were subordinated to the SS but not fully part of it.

750:, though the OUN was responsible for their training and political leadership. Melnyk's faction, the OUN-M, also formed its own unit with the Germans. Both had the intent to eventually participate in a German invasion of 523:

ruled that symbols of SS Division Galicia do not belong to the Nazis and were not banned in the country. On 30 April 2021, after a public march that prominently displayed SS Division Galicia symbols, Ukrainian President

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unit. The next day, 12 March, the monastery was captured and civilians were murdered (part of the population managed to escape at night). From 12 to 16 March, other civilians were also killed in the town of Pidkamin.

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The SS-Galizien began its career with the destruction of several Polish communities in winter and spring 1944. Best known is the burning of Huta Pieniacka in February 1944 and the murder of about five hundred of its

2540:, on the side of a Ukrainian credit union building. The mayor of the city, James R. Fouts, once informed of the monument, stated that: "There's not even a minute chance that we would support anything like this." 934:

Besides obtaining the approval of Himmler and the SS hierarchy, Wächter also worked with Ukrainian community leaders in Galicia, finding widespread support for the division among them. One of these figures was

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58- Charges of war crimes against members of the Galicia Division have never been substantiated, either in 1950 when they were first preferred, or in 1984 when they were renewed, or before this Commission.

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mid-March 1945, he gave an order, which was never implemented, for the Ukrainians to be disarmed and their weapons to be given to a German division. But because of the situation at the front line and the

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much of the population of Galicia and its political class wanted to have their own army, ever since the existence of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen in World War I and the later Ukrainian People's Republic.

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stated: "According to the witness' testimonies, and in the light of the collected documentation, there is no doubt that the 4th battalion 'Galizien' of the 14th division of SS committed the crime".

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Estimates of victims range from 150, by Polish historian Grzegorz Motyka, to 250, according to the researchers of the Institute of History of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. Members of another

1376:, it enabled units or stragglers to escape to the south and was able to withstand several Soviet attempts to overwhelm it. By the evening of 21 July, it remained the only intact unit north of the 4661: 1794: 501: 4720: 1789:, with the exception of those who were drafted into membership by the State and did not commit crimes. Members of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS were volunteers and members of the 4226: 6890: 4648: 1086:

The recruits began leaving for training on 18 July 1943, and they were seen off by a rally of over 50,000 people in Lviv. Around this time the division received its first commanding officer,

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The Commission considered the International Military Tribunal's verdict at the Nuremberg Trials, at which the entire Waffen-SS organisation was declared a "criminal organization" guilty of

5066:[Resolution of the Sejm on paying tribute to the victims of genocide committed by Ukrainian nationalists against citizens of the Second Republic of Poland in the years 1943-1945]. 1486:. In early November the 700 of them who were still alive rejoined the rest of the Galicia Division in Slovakia. They were commended for their performance by the Wiking Division commander, 1265:

for the purpose of breaking through German lines in Galicia and western Ukraine. It was opposed by Germany's Army Group North Ukraine, which was tasked with holding the area between the

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Panzer Divisions along with a single regiment from the Galicia Division (the 30th) were deployed in a counterattack against the Soviet penetration in the Koltiv area, while the Soviet

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that same month. The 1st Ukrainian Front vastly outnumbered Army Group North Ukraine in infantry, tanks, and artillery. The Galicia Division was ordered to reinforce them, joining the

1174:. On 27 June 1944, it was renamed the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician). They departed from Neuhammer towards western Ukraine on the following day, 28 June 1944. 1040:

Wolf-Dietrich Heike, noted that there was a shortage of German officers and NCOs, and that many of them were unsuited for working with the Ukrainians because of cultural differences.

5292: 4599:("Findings resulting from the investigation into the crime of genocide of SS 'GALIZIEN' officers and Ukrainian nationalists against Poles in Huta Pieniacka on February 28, 1944") 6660: 6528: 920: 5045: 1011:

Ukrainians with previous experience as officers or NCOs were conscripted into the Galicia Division when it was established. These Ukrainian officers had previously served in the

1296:

In July 1944, together with six German infantry divisions, the Galicia Division was responsible for holding a front of approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) near the town of

2463:

59- Further, in the absence of evidence of participation in or knowledge of specific war crimes, mere membership in the Galicia Division is insufficient to justify prosecution.

4955: 4597:"Ustalenia wynikające ze śledztwa w sprawie zbrodni ludobójstwa funkcjonariuszy SS 'GALIZIEN' i nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w Hucie Pieniackiej 28 lutego 1944 roku" 4259: 6929: 1756:

have never been officially released; it is available online for public inspection at the Schevchenko Archive in Linden Gardens, London. In 2003 the anti-terrorist branch of

1462:

From 28 July to 3 November 1944, a detachment of 1,000 Ukrainian soldiers from the Galicia Division's Training and Reserve Regiment was dispatched to central Poland, in the

1354:

On 20 July, the German divisions within the pocket attempted a breakout which failed partly because rain on the previous day had made the roads impassable for the armour of

940: 1008:

Vasyl Laba, a close associate of Greek Catholic Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, became the head chaplain of the division, and it initially had a total of twelve chaplains.

6546: 5372: 4535: 6924: 5755: 4260:

The United States of America; The French Republic; The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1 October 1946).

6802: 1335:. The Soviets wanted to collapse the Brody pocket by focusing their attack at what they perceived to be its weakest point; this was not the Galicia Division but the 6471: 6919: 6742: 6669: 5345: 6655: 6480: 5258: 5227: 4844: 1412: 1117: 1018:

The division was led by a German commander and a staff of German officers at the senior levels. All of them except the chief of staff were brought over from the

6700: 6650: 6645: 6589: 5407: 4192: 734:

from August 1939, though part of its local branch in Galicia had disagreements with him, and in February 1940 that faction broke away under the leadership of

6555: 6732: 6380: 5695: 4166: 1655:. The evacuation from the Yugoslav side of the border into Austria was completed on 1 April 1945. The division fought against Soviet troops, including the 6454: 5919: 5027: 4316: 6463: 4822: 4669: 1251:

remained under German control. In the spring the Soviets began pushing into the regions of western Ukraine that had been part of Poland before the war.

1247:

while Germany attempted to hold on to the territory it still had. Most of Ukraine had been retaken by the Red Army, but the majority of Belarus and the

1078: 1070: 6934: 6537: 4724: 4558: 1868: 1808:

detachments. Among those who had transferred from these police detachments, some had been members of a coastal defense unit that had been stationed in

5185: 4218: 6939: 5096:

w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1943—1945

668: 4644: 2346:

before walking back on it soon after. The monument was removed on 9 March 2024. There is also a monument to the division in St. Michael's Cemetery,

1812:, while others came from two police battalions that had been formed in the spring of 1943, probably too late to have participated in the systematic 1380:

even though several of its former members recorded that by 19 July there was chaos in the fusilier battalion, and it was running out of ammunition.

5514: 1820: 807: 635:

of Galicia in particular had a majority Ukrainian population along with Polish and Jewish minorities. Regardless, in early 1920 the leaders of the

1137:

group, which entered Poland from Belarus. Beyersdorff believed the division was unprepared, but complied with the order, because it came from the

651:

that gave Poland the entirety of Galicia in exchange for military support against the Soviets. After Polish military victories during the ensuing

2410: 1062:(Order Police) of the SS. In the spring of 1944 the police regiments were dissolved and their personnel were combined into the Galicia Division. 4353: 6756: 6723: 6519: 6023: 1559:, claimed that Galicia Division members were in contact with the UPA and were giving their equipment to the Ukrainian nationalist underground. 810:

for anti-partisan operations until late 1942, before disagreements between them and the Germans led the battalion to be dissolved. Its leader,

5064:"Uchwała Sejmu w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II RP w latach 1943–1945" 2499:

stated that getting into Canada for SS members was as easy as just showing their SS blood type tattoo which indicated that they were reliably

2481: 5550: 5113:

w sprawie oddania hołdu ofiarom ludobójstwa dokonanego przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na obywatelach II Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1939–1945

1975:

the massacre, the police regiments were not under 14th division command, but rather under German police command (specifically, under German

6595: 5284: 4890: 2554: 1392: 6266:

Yurkevich, Myroslav (1986). "Galician Ukrainians in German Military Formations and in the German Administration". In Yury Boshyk (ed.).

659:

that Poland concluded with the Soviets in 1921 recognized Polish sovereignty in western Ukraine, including all of Galicia. In 1922 the

377: 1519:, in western Slovakia, together with other SS units. They recaptured several towns and villages from Slovak partisans during October. 818:(UPA) in January 1943 after returning to Ukraine. The OUN and the UPA declared their opposition to both Germany and the Soviet Union. 2559: 1211:

area in southeast Poland. The formation was divided into two smaller groups, with one of them being sent to Lviv, and commenced anti-

1129:(battlegroup) of one infantry regiment and one detachment each of artillery, sappers, anti-tank grenadiers to go into combat against 780: 496:

concluded that the Galicia division should not be indicted as a group. Polish and German commissions in the 2000s found it guilty of

6133:(2020). "Long-Distance Nationalism: Ukrainian Monuments and Historical Memory in Multicultural Canada". In Marschall, Sabine (ed.). 1535:. Several other Axis units were also operating in northwest Slovakia, near the Galicia Division, including various SS units and the 6914: 6710: 6705: 4945: 4627: 1988: 962:, reportedly told Kubiyovych that "there is virtually no price which should not be paid for the creation of a Ukrainian army." The 6772: 4916: 2387: 1971: 1019: 963: 738:. Bandera's faction, the OUN-B, started working with the Germans in the spring of 1941 and established two battalions, known as " 505: 6352: 6093: 5714: 2485: 2390:

defended Hunka and stated that there was nothing wrong with Canadian Parliament applauding a man "who fought for his country".

2271: 692: 687: 5382: 5063: 4524: 1738:, prevented its members from being deported to the USSR. Bishop Buchko of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had appealed to 6818: 6574: 6321: 6302: 6275: 6256: 6225: 6184: 6165: 6142: 6074: 5991: 5972: 5953: 5842: 5823: 4440: 2630: 2054:

In his study of the Holocaust, Dieter Pohl had come to the conclusion there is a "high probability" that in February 1944 at

1415:, where they rested for a short time before going to the Neuhammer training camp for the rebuilding of the Galicia Division. 954:

Kubiyovych made a proclamation calling on Ukrainians to join the Galicia Division in order to "destroy the Red monster." The

552: 5747: 5599: 4596: 1859:, which had carried out brutal anti-partisan activities in Belarus and Poland, and had taken part in the suppression of the 6716: 6428: 5911: 4133: 1967: 888: 784: 6872: 6412: 1434: 1308: 751: 585: 5570: 4103: 1098: 6583: 6420: 6371: 4373: 2330:

bearing the unit's insignia and an inscription dedicating it "To Those Who Died For the Freedom of Ukraine" existed in

1698: 416:

on 14 April 1945, a change that was only partially implemented amidst the collapse of Germany, and surrendering to the

244: 5920:

https://www.ukrainianworldcongress.org/the-galicia-division-they-fought-for-ukraine-has-been-released-internationally/

5208: 4854: 4703: 4483: 6777: 6066:

Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947

5934: 5892: 5865: 5791: 2591: 2456:

57- The members of the Galicia Division were individually screened for security purposes before admission to Canada.

1772:

groups. Thirty-two members of the 14th division were denied entry to settle in Britain because of their war records.

1616: 504:

found that the 4th battalion of the 14th division was guilty of war crimes. In 2005, the Institute of History at the

423:

The unit went by several names during its existence. It was originally known as the SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (

5676: 5639: 5495: 5397: 775:

regarded Ukrainians and other Slavs as subhumans, and therefore when the OUN-B leaders reached the Galician capital

6396: 6388: 6060: 4196: 2331: 620: 224: 6843: 5457: 5112: 995: 1744: 1576: 1430: 1360: 1316: 1312: 955: 6196:"The 14th Waffen-Grenadier-Division of the SS «Galizien No. 1» in Slovakia (1944–1945): Battles and Repressions" 6195: 5496:"Canada was ashamed to have saluted a Ukrainian who fought for Hitler. But that salute didn't come from nowhere" 4562: 1182: 5068: 4694: 4690: 2338:. On 22 June 2020, the monument was vandalized when someone painted "Nazi war monument" on it. On 17 July, the 968: 800: 636: 577: 5430: 4812: 2621: 716:

There was cooperation between members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists living in Germany and the

616:

from 1918 to 1919. The Sich Riflemen were later seen as an inspiration by members of the SS Division Galicia.

6797: 6510: 6404: 6215: 5857: 5621: 2474:

Critics of the commission have pointed out failings on the part of the commission. In a 1989 article for the

2374: 2279: 1562:

In December 1944 and January 1945, Galicia Division troops, especially the 29th Regiment, fought against the

1471: 1307:

On 13 July, the Soviet forces launched their attack. By the next day, they had routed a German division (the

1301: 640: 528:

stated: "We categorically condemn any manifestation of propaganda of totalitarian regimes, in particular the

512: 508:

of Sciences confirmed the Polish findings of war crimes committed by the 4th battalion of the 14th division.

397: 4107: 2453:

56- The Galicia Division (14.Waffengrenadierdivision der SS [gal. Nr. 1) should not be indicted as a group.

6944: 6909: 6854: 6620: 6615: 6490: 5177: 1685: 1684:. On 14 April 1945, the German government agreed to transfer control of the 14th Waffen-SS Division to the 1672: 1656: 1523:

was then used to provide security in that area. As this was happening, the rest of the division arrived at

1244: 413: 401: 361: 97: 5515:"University of Alberta facing calls to return thousands more in donations connected to Waffen SS veterans" 6823: 1949: 1628: 1572: 1459:

Karl Wildner, consisted of one battalion from the 29th Regiment and several companies of support troops.

1286: 1278: 1259: 1138: 672: 481: 409: 157: 147: 4893:[Regarding the action in Kyiv on the anniversary of the creation of the SS division "Galicia"], 2350:. In 2021 it was vandalized with "nazi monument" painted on one side and "14th Waffen SS" on the other. 1797:, and the Institute of History at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. No individuals among the Ukrainian 907:

uniforms with the addition of a patch on the right arm sleeve bearing the Galician regional symbol. The

667:

to recognize Poland's control over the region in 1923. The whole area remained part of Poland until the

6345: 5462: 1832: 1805: 1804:

According to Howard Margolian, only a small number of the enlisted men were recruited from established

1793:. The 4th battalion of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division was itself found guilty of war crimes by the 1396:

Mykhailo Levenets, a chaplain in the division uniform with the Galician lion patch and collar, and the

896: 405: 5732:

Zajcew, Bohdan (April 1991). "Making News and Telling Stories: Canada's Hunt for Nazi war criminals".

5347:

FSWC Appalled by Standing Ovation in Parliament for Ukrainian Veteran Who Served in Nazi Military Unit

1440:

In late August 1944, a rebellion broke out in Slovakia against the pro-German government of President

6031:

Piotrowski, Tadeusz (1998a). "Akcja "Wisła" – Operation "Vistula," 1947: Background and Assessment".

2529: 2521: 1731: 446: 312: 229: 6295:

The History of the Galician Division of the Waffen SS: On the Eastern Front: April 1943 to July 1944

5801: 5095: 2414: 1872: 1563: 1450: 1311:) to the north of the XIII Corps and swept back an attempted German counterattack. On 15 July, the 1273:. Although the German army group consisted of over 40 divisions, they were under-strength, and its 1166: 931:

were not worn, because non-Germanic members of the Waffen-SS wore their division insignia instead.

815: 619:

The Ukrainian population of Galicia developed a strong national consciousness while the region was

589: 569: 520: 350: 234: 5142:"Graffiti on monument commemorating Nazi SS division being investigated as a hate crime by police" 771:, living space, for Germany in the east, as well as to gain access to more natural resources. The 4946:"Monuments to Ukrainian unit that fought with the Nazis discovered near Philadelphia and Detroit" 2549: 2508: 2378: 2118: 1921: 1761: 1681: 1336: 1327:

Within the pocket, the Galician troops were tasked with defending the eastern perimeter near the

944: 731: 648: 623:, more so than people in the rest of Ukraine, which during that same time period was part of the 613: 601: 470: 385: 167: 6089:"'They Defended Ukraine': The 14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (Galizische Nr. 1) Revisited" 4393: 2442: 1074:

Heinrich Himmler inspecting the Galicia Division in May 1944. Otto Wächter is in the background.

493: 5228:"Hate crimes unit investigating vandalism of Nazi collaborator war criminal statue in Edmonton" 4529: 2339: 1846:

with another SS unit prior to this unit's formation) twice: at the end of the war and in 1964.

593: 417: 4170: 1836: 1508: 1455: 1123:

Shortly after Freitag departed, in mid-February 1944 the division received an order to form a

6338: 6064: 5431:"Anthony Rota resigns as Speaker after honouring Ukrainian veteran who fought with Nazi unit" 5285:"Zelenskyy speaks before Canadian Parliament in his campaign to shore up support for Ukraine" 4871: 2406: 1909: 1900:

Ukrainian Self Defense Legion (USDL). The USDL was a paramilitary police organization in the

1726: 1528: 1012: 652: 605: 5551:"Exclusive: Canada apologizes for honoring another veteran from unit that fought with Nazis" 5030:[Vaskul, a veteran of the Nazi SS division "Galicia", has been farewelled in Kiev]. 2520:

A cross dedicated to the division is placed in Saint Mary's Ukrainian Catholic Cemetery, in

5748:"National Jewish group calls for removal of Philadelphia-area monument to a Nazi 'SS' unit" 2358: 2275: 2043: 1897: 1483: 1479: 1453:, before 28 September, when the entire division was ordered to go. The battlegroup, led by 1270: 1221: 936: 847: 758: 739: 516: 219: 5316:"Courageous, charismatic Volodymyr Zelenskyy cannot engineer Ukraine's destiny on his own" 8: 6751: 5965:

German Order of Battle: Panzer, Panzer Grenadier, and Waffen SS divisions in World War II

4817: 4631: 2362: 2255: 1855: 1798: 1636: 1567: 1556: 1255: 1239:

Soviet offensives in the summer of 1944. XIII Army Corps is shown encircled in the south.

1212: 976: 879: 525: 330: 134: 5571:"Report. Part one, Public / Jules Deschênes, commissioner. Findings and recommendations" 1912:. He had arrived in the United States in 1949 and became a naturalized citizen in 1959. 1817: 1398: 1108: 987: 795:. The same happened to Melnyk and his faction before they could declare a government in 695:(OUN), seeing its violent actions as counterproductive. After the Soviet annexation the 6130: 6118: 6084: 6048: 6017: 5622:"Irving Abella, historian who wrote on Canada's refusal of Jewish refugees, dead at 82" 5007: 4378: 4358: 3719: 3717: 3715: 2278:. On 13 June 2021, the funeral of SS "Galicia" member Orest Vaskul was attended by the 2035: 2004: 1984: 1768:

and pensions records. The order to release confidential medical records was decried by

1604: 1475: 1426: 1282: 1274: 884: 727: 529: 437: 393: 381: 342: 303: 162: 2446: 2067:

The name of the division was changed several times during its short history. The name

2046:). It is estimated that 365 ethnic Poles were murdered, including women and children. 1544: 1153: 6317: 6298: 6271: 6252: 6221: 6180: 6161: 6138: 6122: 6110: 6070: 6040: 5987: 5968: 5949: 5930: 5907: 5888: 5871: 5861: 5838: 5819: 5787: 5012: 4436: 4426: 2335: 2291: 2000: 1976: 1944:

participated in the destruction of several Polish villages, including the village of

1786: 1596: 959: 912: 788: 664: 489: 389: 5696:"Whitewashing The SS: The Attempt to Re-Write the History of Hitler's Collaborators" 5477: 5046:"В Киеве простились с членом дивизии СС "Галичина" при участии президентского полка" 4006: 4004: 3712: 1849:

Elements of the Waffen-SS Galizien worked alongside one of the most brutal units of

1603:. They completed their arrival by 28 February. There the Galicia Division faced the 6695: 6102: 5398:"House Speaker apologizes for honouring Ukrainian who fought in Nazi unit in WW II" 5108: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3065: 3063: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2533: 2366: 2015: 1903: 1889: 1876: 1781: 1702: 1668: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1632: 1408: 1355: 1328: 1134: 916: 868: 811: 743: 477: 384:. Parts of the division were said to have taken part in several massacres, such as 373: 239: 152: 2294:

classified the crimes of the division's soldiers against the Polish population as

1930:

One of the stone tablets of the monument which lists the names of Poles killed at

1607:, who were much better organized and more capable than the partisans in Slovakia. 1024: 928: 927:

insignia because it was not seen as associated with Ukrainian nationalism. The SS

6106: 6001: 5377: 4707: 4487: 4001: 2402: 2263: 2238: 2148: 1860: 1769: 1765: 1722: 1552: 1369: 1290: 1266: 1171: 1091: 1058: 1045: 1037: 723: 632: 581: 573: 462: 429: 295: 266: 5591: 5458:"Un groupe ukrainien défend l'ancien membre de la Waffen-SS honoré au Parlement" 4261: 4141: 3138: 3060: 2949: 2824: 2194:

and Major General of Waffen-SS Walter Schimana (30 June 1943 – 20 November 1943)

875: 864: 6686: 6675: 6235: 6211: 5146: 4872:"WAFFEN-SS DIVISION "GALICIA" — A UKRAINIAN MILITARY UNIT WITHIN THE WEHRMACHT" 2500: 2476: 2386:

delivered them". He resigned as Speaker on the 26th while remaining an MP. The

2370: 2354: 1945: 1931: 1893: 1864: 1828: 1824: 1785:

or who were personally implicated in them to be criminal within the meaning of

1689: 1677: 1152:

In the final phase of its training and assembling the division was sent to the

908: 859: 855: 735: 683: 656: 624: 540: 274: 5875: 5532: 5259:"Edmonton vandals target a Ukrainian WWII memorial with a complicated history" 2489:

men had undergone "an exhaustive screening process". In a 1997 interview with

2200:

and Major General of Waffen-SS Fritz Freitag (20 November 1943 – January 1944)

2155: 1507:

were the first Galician units to arrive in Slovakia, on 29 September 1944, at

6903: 6217:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999

6114: 6044: 4432:

The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999

4111: 2599: 2496: 2398: 2213: 1954: 1813: 1790: 1757: 1739: 1421: 1248: 1157: 1146: 1033: 609: 548: 270: 5946:

To Battle: The Formation and History of the 14th Galician Waffen-SS Division

2532:

declared that the monument should be removed. Another monument is placed in

1488: 5209:"Canada memorial to Ukrainian soldiers in Nazi unit removed after protests" 4698: 4477: 2525: 2382: 1850: 1839: 1809: 1725:. The UNA commander Pavlo Shandruk requested a meeting with Polish general 1536: 1492: 1320: 1224: 1130: 1029: 854:

The idea of recruiting Ukrainians into the Waffen-SS was first proposed by

762: 676: 628: 533: 365: 214: 85: 65: 5927:

Unauthorized Entry: The Truth about Nazi War Criminals in Canda, 1946–1956

5533:"GG apologizes for Order of Canada awarded to former soldier in Nazi unit" 5028:"В Киеве простились с ветераном нацистской дивизии СС "Галичина" Васкулом" 1516: 37: 5555: 4950: 4309:"Investigation into the Crime committed at the Village of Huta Pieniacka" 2434: 2039: 1760:

launched an investigation into people from the list by cross-referencing

1445: 1373: 1208: 1187: 1125: 834: 597: 544: 6135:

Public Memory in the Context of Transnational Migration and Displacement

6052: 4262:"INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL (NUREMBERG) Judgment of 1 October 1946" 2206:

and Colonel of Waffen-SS Friedrich Beyersdorff (January – February 1944)

1795:

Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation

1220:

performed its duty well enough that it earned the rare praise of German

1204: 502:

Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation

6314:

The History of the Galician Division of the Waffen SS: Stalin's Nemesis

5373:"Canadian House speaker apologizes after honoring veteran of Nazi unit" 4891:"Относительно акции в Киеве к годовщине создания дивизии СС "Галичина"" 4700:

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army

4479:

Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army

2491: 2468: 2418: 2343: 2311: 1600: 1532: 1441: 1437:

for his role as the Galicia Division commander at the Battle of Brody.

1343:

tanks was repulsed by the division's Fusilier and Engineer battalions.

1262: 1056:). These were completely separate from the division and were under the 1005: 892: 772: 767: 708: 497: 346: 338: 6330: 5178:"Police apologize for saying anti-Nazi vandalism was 'hate motivated'" 1953:

in anti-guerrilla action at Huta Pieniacka, against Soviet and Polish

469:). In late April 1945 its name was changed to the 1st Division of the 4849: 4645:

Investigation of the Crime Committed at the Village of Huta Pieniacka

2620:Грінберг, Мирослав (2021). "СС «Галичина»". In Петров, Максим (ed.). 2233: 1612: 1580: 1463: 1377: 747: 485: 334: 114: 4266:

The International Military Tribunal in Session at Nuremberg, Germany

4195:. United Kingdom: The National Archives. August 2005. Archived from 2449:, concluded that in relation to membership in the Galicia Division: 1524: 1142: 5835:

Justice Delayed: How Britain Became a Refuge for Nazi War Criminals

5402: 3864: 3862: 3849: 3847: 2347: 2327: 2295: 2267: 2010: 1959: 1948:. About five hundred civilians were murdered. The Polish historian 1871:

was limited, because the murders were primarily carried out by the

1735: 1243:

By the summer of 1944 the Soviets were on the offensive across the

904: 644: 369: 327: 124: 6270:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta. 5008:"Символіка дивізії СС "Галичина" не є нацистською – верховний суд" 1926: 1816:. Among the German commanding officers of Waffen-SS Galizien were 1801:

of the 14th have been prosecuted individually for any war crimes.

1671:

issued a decree stating that the German government recognized the

826: 6177:

In the Maelstrom: The Waffen-SS "Galicia" Division and Its Legacy

5885:

Galicia Division: The Waffen-SS 14th Grenadier Division 1943–1945

5812: 4917:"Hundreds in Ukraine attend marches celebrating Nazi SS soldiers" 4306: 4010: 3723: 3155: 3069: 2970: 2839: 2537: 2246: 1843: 1706: 1592: 354: 4476:

Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,

4169:. Canada: Library of Parliament. 16 October 1998. Archived from 4086: 4084: 4082: 3859: 3844: 3807: 3805: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 1235: 4794: 4792: 4307:

Institute of National Remembrance, Polish (23 September 2012).

2484:

said that "the All-Party Parliamentary War Crimes Group of the

1718: 1652: 1635:

headquarters. As Hungarian resistance collapsed and the Soviet

1627:

In late March 1945, the Ukrainian Division was assigned to the

1512: 1467: 1332: 1113: 718: 4721:"Investigation into the Crime committed at the Village of Hut" 4394:"Former Nazi officer admits passing orders to kill Pinsk Jews" 4354:"Five Nazi Officers to Be Tried For Massacre of Jews in Pinsk" 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4193:"Ukrainian SS 'Galicia' Division allowed to settle in Britain" 2732: 2730: 1842:. Magill was tried and convicted for war crimes (committed in 1346: 1094:, who was more of an administrator than a military commander. 691:

party in the Polish parliament. It was opposed to the radical

6866: 6160:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 4079: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3832: 3802: 3744: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2717: 2715: 2055: 1297: 999:

Soldiers of the SS-Volunteer Division Galicia being sworn in.

958:

supported its creation. The head of the Church, Metropolitan

4789: 4241: 4069: 4067: 3822: 3820: 3780: 3778: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3637: 3635: 3598: 3596: 3583: 3581: 3568: 3566: 3529: 3527: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3465: 3463: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3358: 3356: 3331: 3329: 3232: 3230: 3090: 2654: 2652: 1875:. In a speech to the soldiers of the 1st Galician division, 5118: 5091: 4777: 4608: 4505: 4323: 4028: 3000: 2727: 2433:

Military cemetery of the SS-Galizien division in Chervone,

2242: 2168: 1579:, to be subordinated to the Higher SS and Police Leader in 1340: 1082:

Himmler speaks to a Ukrainian soldier at the training camp.

796: 776: 696: 660: 5677:"How Canada Helped Whitewash The Nazi SS Galicia Division" 4493: 4052: 4040: 3989: 3977: 3958: 3080: 3078: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2778: 2742: 2712: 1022:

of the Waffen-SS. The longest serving division commander,

4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4662:"Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP" 4064: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3886: 3817: 3790: 3775: 3734: 3732: 3695: 3632: 3620: 3593: 3578: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3524: 3512: 3500: 3475: 3460: 3424: 3383: 3353: 3341: 3326: 3227: 2649: 2637: 2592:"Emblem of SS Galizien - Reporting Radicalism in Ukraine" 2219:

Lieutenant General Pavlo Shandruk (19 April – 8 May 1945)

1411:, along with remnants of the 8th Panzer Division and the 895:, who led the rest of Ukrainian territory as the head of 830:

Celebrating its formation (top) and a recruitment center.

3373: 3371: 3290: 2377:. Following international criticism, including from the 2241:

football club honoring the Waffen-SS Galizien division,

2107:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)

1474:, a mixed German-Scandinavian-Dutch-Flemish unit in the 1470:

area, where it was used to reinforce the under-strength

1289:, which was transferred from the 4th Panzer Army to the 967:

the former Ukrainian People's Republic, such as General

467:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr. 1)

6869:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

4723:. The Institute of National Remembrance. Archived from 4404: 3763: 3647: 3126: 3075: 3036: 3024: 2988: 2926: 2905: 2888: 2876: 2845: 2807: 2766: 2320:

Former Cenotaph at the St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery

2111:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (ukrainische Nr.1)

2097:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

1980: 1199:

About 2,000 Galicia Division soldiers were deployed as

792: 451: 317: 300:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr. 1)

287:

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician)

6268:

Ukraine During World War II: History and Its Aftermath

5640:"How canada whitewashed the Nazis SS Galicia division" 4758: 4739: 4577: 4288: 4219:"Police to use NHS records to find Nazi war criminals" 3729: 3278: 3217: 3215: 3173: 2688: 1743:

officers followed their commander in joining Anders's

862:, as early as April 1941. His request was rejected by 712:

Ukrainian members of the Nachtigall Battalion in 1941.

4276: 4016: 3898: 3874: 3659: 3448: 3436: 3412: 3400: 3368: 3202: 3200: 2101:

14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (galizische Nr.1

838:

The division's recruitment poster from its newspaper.

765:

decided to invade to destroy Communism and to obtain

6930:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

3314: 3254: 3185: 3161: 3114: 3102: 3048: 3012: 2864: 2795: 2754: 814:, and several other members founded the underground 5854:

The Ukrainian Division 'Galicia', 1943–45: A Memoir

5314:Columnist, Rosie DiManno Star (22 September 2023). 3683: 3671: 3608: 3302: 3266: 3242: 3212: 2976: 2700: 2676: 2664: 2572: 1750: 1387: 1324:surrounded by the Soviets within the Brody pocket. 757:Germany launched its invasion of the Soviet Union, 663:granted autonomy to Eastern Galicia, which led the 592:, between 1918 and 1920, before being made part of 6249:Hitler's Armed SS: The Waffen-SS at War, 1939–1945 4472: 4470: 4468: 3197: 1869:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 722:, the German military intelligence service led by 6925:Military units and formations established in 1943 4525:"Photos: Former Nazi SS commander Michael Karkoc" 911:was used as the division insignia instead of the 703: 6901: 6194:Šmigeľ, Michal; Cherkasov, Aleksandr A. (2013). 5986:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 5967:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. 2357:, a veteran of the division, was invited to the 2342:announced that this was being investigated as a 1717:Most of the Ukrainian soldiers were interned in 6920:Military history of Ukraine during World War II 6193: 5452: 5450: 4866: 4864: 4710:, Chapter 5, p. 284. Accessed 3 September 2009. 4684: 4465: 3868: 3853: 3838: 3811: 3757: 2411:Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta 2131:The division consisted of the following units: 1892:published an article stating that an American, 412:before being transferred to the command of the 5171: 5169: 4813:"Ukraine divided over legacy of Nazi fighters" 1734:. This, together with the intervention of the 1643:, the division was ordered to relocate to the 982: 671:in September 1939 under the conditions of the 360:Formed in 1943, it was mainly deployed in the 6346: 5904:The Galicia Division: They Fought for Ukraine 4161: 4159: 6246: 5447: 4895:Official website of the President of Ukraine 4861: 4845:"Ukrainian ultra-nationalists march in Lviv" 4783: 4600: 4435:. Yale University Press. pp. 165, 166. 3006: 2417:. After the Hunka scandal, Governor General 2029: 2019: 1939: 1901: 1775: 478:International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 6059: 6030: 5166: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4511: 4034: 2631:Українська Гельсінська спілка з прав людини 2555:Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts 586:Ukrainian efforts for national independence 539:The division's insignia is classified as a 6353: 6339: 6022:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5396:Paas-Lang, Christian (24 September 2023). 5000: 4908: 4882: 4156: 1662: 1557:military intelligence on the Eastern Front 1527:, in northwest Slovakia. Taking over from 1177: 874:It was not brought up again until 1942 by 6935:Ukrainian collaborators with Nazi Germany 6265: 6174: 5924: 5800: 5395: 5313: 4888: 4167:"War criminals: The Deschenes Commission" 4090: 3971: 3653: 3296: 3096: 3030: 2943: 2899: 2882: 2789: 2772: 2748: 2721: 2658: 2643: 2560:Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany 2445:of October 1986, headed by retired judge 2262:Streets were named after the division in 2038:in Palykorovy, located in the Lwów area ( 1994: 319:14-ta hrenaderska dyviziya SS "Halychyna" 76: 56: 6940:Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS 6234: 6151: 5981: 5962: 5929:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 5832: 5693: 5250: 5139: 5135: 5133: 4933: 4837: 4810: 4798: 4668:. Wirtualna Polska Media. Archived from 4247: 4096: 3769: 3494: 2736: 2619: 2428: 2232: 2093:) – from 22 October 1943 to 27 June 1944 1989:Polish Institute of National Remembrance 1925: 1478:. They fought against the troops of the 1391: 1345: 1234: 1194: 1181: 1077: 1069: 994: 986: 841: 833: 825: 821: 707: 600:many volunteers from Galicia joined the 308:14-та гренадерська дивізія СС «Галичина» 24:14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 16:World War II Ukrainian infantry division 6360: 6242:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 6129: 6083: 5563: 5429:Tasker, John Paul (26 September 2023), 5124: 5020: 4614: 4410: 4340: 2515: 2424: 2397:In 1987, former 14th Waffen SS veteran 2388:Ukrainian National Federation of Canada 2113:) – from November 1944 to 19 April 1945 2091:14. Galizische SS-Freiwilligen-Division 1972:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 1721:, Italy, in the area controlled by the 1097:The training was initially done at the 975:colonialism, comparing the idea to the 964:Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church 878:, who had been appointed as the second 584:until 1918. It was briefly involved in 6902: 6608: 6311: 6292: 6210: 6094:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6000: 5984:The German Defeat in the East, 1944–45 5943: 5901: 5882: 5808:. New York: Columbia University Press. 5781: 5731: 5694:Pugliese, Pugliese (30 October 2020). 5670: 5668: 5602:from the original on 17 September 2018 5428: 5410:from the original on 25 September 2023 5354:from the original on 25 September 2023 5326:from the original on 24 September 2023 5295:from the original on 24 September 2023 5225: 5175: 4988:from the original on 15 September 2018 4889:Zelenskyy, Volodymyr (30 April 2021), 4771: 4752: 4583: 4556: 4499: 4425: 4421: 4419: 4294: 4282: 4058: 4046: 3995: 3983: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3826: 3796: 3784: 3706: 3665: 3641: 3626: 3602: 3587: 3572: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3518: 3506: 3469: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3377: 3362: 3347: 3335: 3320: 3236: 3191: 3167: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3084: 3054: 3042: 3018: 2994: 2920: 2870: 2858: 2818: 2801: 2760: 2706: 2694: 2682: 2670: 2578: 2381:, the Speaker of the House of Commons 2272:Ukrainian Institute of National Memory 1938:In the winter and spring of 1944, the 1867:noted that the division's role in the 693:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 688:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance 682:The majority of the western Ukrainian 6334: 5851: 5758:from the original on 6 September 2023 5512: 5206: 5130: 4374:"Nazi slayers given prison sentences" 4073: 4022: 3738: 3689: 3677: 3614: 3308: 3284: 3272: 3260: 3248: 3221: 3206: 3179: 2982: 1615:ground personnel and pilots from the 919:division in the Waffen-SS, after the 553:Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union 532:, and attempts to revise truth about 6873: 6158:The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 5715:"Canada Has a Nazi Monument Problem" 5674: 5256: 4914: 4638: 4602:Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej 4126: 2480:, community activist and journalist 2421:apologized the awarding of Savaryn. 2083:) – from 28 April to 22 October 1943 1968:NASU Institute of History of Ukraine 1277:had been redeployed in June 1944 to 669:Soviet Union annexed Eastern Galicia 572:, in modern-day southern Poland and 563: 29:14. Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS 6838:were officially named "volunteer". 6179:. McGuil-Queen's University Press. 5818:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5665: 5265:from the original on 12 August 2021 4958:from the original on 29 August 2023 4825:from the original on 6 October 2018 4416: 4386: 4366: 4346: 4300: 4253: 2087:14th Galician SS-Volunteer Division 2081:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Galizien" 2049: 1709:, central Austria, by 10 May 1945. 1699:rapid advance of the Western Allies 1591:The division departed Slovakia for 1543:were the first Axis units to enter 1054:Galizische SS-Freiwilligen Regiment 850:addressing the division volunteers. 434:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Galizien" 349:ethnic background from the area of 13: 6286: 5712: 2103:)) – from 27 June to November 1944 2034:sub-unit also participated in the 1599:and its adjacent Austrian region, 1350:Galicia Division soldiers in 1944. 453:Dobrovilna Dyviziia SS "Halychyna" 396:. It was largely destroyed in the 337:, the military wing of the German 245:Western Allied invasion of Germany 14: 6956: 5816:The Waffen-SS: A European History 5238:from the original on 24 July 2020 5188:from the original on 18 July 2020 5154:from the original on 17 July 2020 4811:Danilova, Maria (1 August 2013). 4538:from the original on 21 June 2013 4449:from the original on 5 April 2023 4313:Institute of National Remembrance 4229:from the original on 30 July 2018 2405:. He served as Chancellor of the 2266:(Ukrains`koi Dyvizii Street) and 2018:), allegedly cooperating with an 1915: 1511:. It operated in the area around 1186:Galicia Division soldiers with a 785:independent government of Ukraine 515:and by some organizations of the 442:Добровільна Дивізія СС "Галичина" 6882: 6850: 6849: 5740: 5725: 5706: 5687: 5675:Cosh, Alex (28 September 2023). 5650: 5632: 5614: 5584: 5543: 5525: 5506: 5488: 5470: 5422: 5389: 5365: 5338: 5307: 5277: 5257:Lung, Raylene (12 August 2021). 5219: 5207:Cecco, Leyland (12 March 2024). 5200: 5140:Pugliese, David (17 July 2020). 5109:Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 5101: 5084: 5056: 5038: 4978:"Soldiers Division "Galicia" St" 4970: 4804: 4713: 4654: 4620: 4589: 4550: 4517: 4211: 4185: 2332:St. Volodymyr Ukrainian Cemetery 2310: 2174:14th Field Replacement Battalion 1751:Emigration to Canada and Britain 1539:. On 27 October, the division's 1435:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1388:Rebuilding and second deployment 225:Polish-Ukrainian ethnic conflict 108: 91: 78: 58: 36: 6915:Members of the Galicia Division 6154:Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 6006:Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942–1960 5774: 5513:Woolf, Marie (2 October 2023). 5226:Kinney, Duncan (23 July 2020). 5182:Canada Broadcasting Corporation 5092:Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 4853:. 29 April 2013. Archived from 2361:along with Ukrainian President 2216:(February 1944 – 19 April 1945) 2212:and Major General of Waffen-SS 2077:SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" 2062: 1831:, Communists, and partisans in 1090:and Major General of Waffen-SS 956:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 590:chaos that followed World War I 511:The division is honored by the 322:), commonly referred to as the 6312:Melnyk, Michael James (2016). 6293:Melnyk, Michael James (2016). 6247:Tucker-Jones, Anthony (2022). 5944:Melnyk, Michael James (2002). 5852:Heike, Wolf-Dietrich (1988) . 5482:The Governor General of Canada 5069:Sejm of the Republic of Poland 4982:Soldiers Division "Galicia" St 4695:Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 4691:Institute of Ukrainian History 2613: 2584: 2144:14th Waffen-Artillery Regiment 2141:31st Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2138:30th Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2135:29th Waffen-Grenadier Regiment 2122:– from 19 April to 8 May 1945. 1856:SS-Sonderbattalion Dirlewanger 1409:Hungarian Carpathian Mountains 969:Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko 704:German invasion and occupation 578:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 400:, reformed, and saw action in 1: 6383:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 5858:Shevchenko Scientific Society 5176:Carter, Adam (17 July 2020). 2369:from Canadian Prime Minister 2228: 2181: 2177:14th Divisional Supply Troops 2036:execution of Polish civilians 1908:. Karkoc was found living in 1586: 1472:5th SS Panzer Division Wiking 1413:18th SS Division Horst Wessel 726:, starting before the German 558: 31:14-та гренадерська дивізія СС 6175:Shkandrij, Myroslav (2023). 6107:10.1080/13518046.2012.705633 6010:Ukrainian Partisan 1942–1960 5982:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007b). 5963:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007a). 4647:Retrieved 3 September 2009. 4559:"Instytut Pamięci Narodowej" 4490:. Accessed 9 September 2009. 2623:Символи ненависті / Довідник 2565: 2301: 2285: 2126: 1686:Ukrainian National Committee 1673:Ukrainian National Committee 1657:3rd Guards Airborne Division 1300:. When the Soviets launched 787:, they were arrested by the 480:declared all members of all 414:Ukrainian National Committee 382:Yugoslav guerrilla partisans 98:Ukrainian National Committee 7: 6069:. McFarland & Company. 5902:Luciuk, Lubomyr Y. (2023). 5883:Logusz, Michael O. (1997). 3869:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3854:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3839:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3812:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 3758:Šmigeľ & Cherkasov 2013 2543: 2365:, where they both received 1641:breaking through to Austria 1498: 1281:, where the Western Allies 1139:Higher SS and Police Leader 1065: 991:Parade of recruits in Lviv. 983:Recruitment and composition 941:Ukrainian Central Committee 871:because of racial reasons. 637:Ukrainian People's Republic 452: 341:, made up predominantly of 318: 10: 6961: 6844:SS heavy Panzer battalions 6012:] (in Polish). Warsaw. 5925:Margolian, Howard (2000). 5463:Radio Canada International 4628:"Ukrainian state archives" 4108:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej 1998: 1919: 1806:Ukrainian auxiliary police 1622: 897:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 880:German governor of Galicia 488:within the meaning of the 6832: 6811: 6786: 6765: 6633: 6567: 6503: 6440: 6369: 6220:. Yale University Press. 5837:. William Heinemann Ltd. 5580:. 1986. p. 19 (261). 5072:(in Polish). 22 July 2016 4595:Bogusława Marcinkowska, | 2530:American Jewish Committee 2409:and was president of the 2223: 1776:Atrocities and war crimes 1732:Second Republic of Poland 1712: 891:), was more lenient than 746:." They were used by the 686:and clergy supported the 492:." In 1985, the Canadian 473:for the rest of the war. 441: 398:Lvov–Sandomierz offensive 372:and in the repression of 307: 260: 255: 230:Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive 207: 193: 176: 140: 130: 120: 103: 72: 52: 44: 35: 28: 23: 5948:. Helion & Company. 5833:Cesarani, David (1992). 5784:Ukrainian Armies 1914–55 5734:Simon Frasier University 5657:"Canada's Dark Secret". 5596:jewishvirtuallibrary.org 5094:z dnia 22 lipca 2016 r. 4706:19 December 2008 at the 4486:19 December 2008 at the 4011:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3724:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3156:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 3070:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2971:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2840:Bolianovskyi et al. 2017 2486:British House of Commons 2415:Ukrainian World Congress 2042:) near Pidkamin (former 1873:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 1833:occupied eastern Ukraine 1827:, which carried out the 1814:murder of Ukraine's Jews 1787:Article 6 of the Charter 1680:as the commander of its 1419:reassigned Germans were 1230: 1167:Army Group North Ukraine 816:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 580:until 1772 and then the 519:in Canada. In 2020, the 235:Slovak National Uprising 6152:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 5887:. Schiffer Publishing. 5111:z dnia 7 lipca 2016 r. 4557:Górkiewicz, Sebastian. 4398:The Detroit Jewish News 4104:"Dywizja SS 'Galizien'" 2596:reportingradicalism.org 2550:List of Waffen-SS units 2509:Simon Wiesenthal Centre 2379:Simon Wiesenthal Center 2161:14th Engineer Battalion 2119:Ukrainian National Army 2069:Waffen-Grenadier der SS 1922:Huta Pieniacka massacre 1884:are eager to do anyway. 1682:Ukrainian National Army 1663:1st Division of the UNA 1617:10th Parachute Division 1573:Austria–Slovenia border 1337:349th Infantry Division 1218:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 1201:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 1178:First combat deployment 1162:Kampfgruppe Beyersdorff 945:International Red Cross 673:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 614:Ukrainian Galician Army 602:Ukrainian Sich Riflemen 521:Ukrainian Supreme Court 471:Ukrainian National Army 353:, later also with some 168:Ukrainian National Army 5782:Abbott, Peter (2004). 5537:CBC News: The National 4601: 4530:Minnesota Public Radio 4140:. 2009. Archived from 4110:. 2001. Archived from 2465: 2438: 2353:On 22 September 2023, 2340:Halton Regional Police 2250: 2030: 2020: 1995:Pidkamin and Palikrowy 1940: 1935: 1902: 1886: 1837:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1823:, who had served with 1782:Judgement at Nuremberg 1456:SS-Obersturmbannführer 1403: 1351: 1258:was established under 1240: 1191: 1083: 1075: 1000: 992: 851: 839: 831: 713: 466: 433: 368:in combat against the 299: 186:1st Ukrainian Division 6819:Divisional commanders 6474:Götz von Berlichingen 5806:Ukrainian Nationalism 5786:. Osprey Publishing. 5385:on 25 September 2023. 5291:. 22 September 2023. 4921:www.timesofisrael.com 4482:, Chapter 5, p. 284. 4319:on 23 September 2012. 2451: 2432: 2407:University of Alberta 2280:presidential regiment 2274:, led at the time by 2236: 2164:14th Signal Battalion 1929: 1910:Lauderdale, Minnesota 1881: 1688:. Lieutenant General 1529:Panzer Division Tatra 1484:2nd Belarusian Fronts 1444:. It involved 20,000 1395: 1349: 1238: 1195:Anti-partisan actions 1185: 1160:, in April 1944. The 1118:Friedrich Beyersdorff 1081: 1073: 1013:Russian Imperial Army 998: 990: 845: 837: 829: 822:Formation and support 711: 606:Austro-Hungarian Army 326:, was a World War II 5754:. 5 September 2023. 5646:. 28 September 2023. 5502:. 29 September 2023. 5466:. 30 September 2023. 4857:on 3 September 2014. 2516:In the United States 2443:Deschênes Commission 2425:Deschênes Commission 2359:Parliament of Canada 2276:Volodymyr Viatrovych 2117:1st Division of the 2044:Tarnopol Voivodeship 1898:German SS Police-led 1829:annihilation of Jews 1676:Committee appointed 1271:Carpathian Mountains 1254:On 15 May 1944, the 937:Volodymyr Kubiyovych 848:Josaphat Kotsylovsky 759:Operation Barbarossa 621:an Austrian province 513:far-right in Ukraine 494:Deschênes Commission 6945:Waffen-SS divisions 6910:District of Galicia 6773:4 (Panzergrenadier) 6745:Landstorm Nederland 6696:29 RONA (1 Russian) 6131:Rudling, Per Anders 6085:Rudling, Per Anders 6061:Piotrowski, Tadeusz 5478:"Mr. Peter Savaryn" 5127:, pp. 105–108. 4818:The Times of Israel 4801:, pp. 172–173. 4617:, pp. 350–353. 4502:, pp. 165–170. 4429:(1 December 2002). 4362:. 16 February 1964. 4343:, pp. 346–348. 4250:, pp. 131–133. 4199:on 19 November 2010 4173:on 29 February 2012 4138:GaliciaDivision.com 4093:, pp. 132–145. 4076:, pp. 130–136. 4061:, pp. 353–355. 4049:, pp. 331–333. 3998:, pp. 349–350. 3986:, pp. 340–347. 3955:, pp. 337–338. 3943:, pp. 324–328. 3931:, pp. 320–323. 3919:, pp. 314–319. 3895:, pp. 306–309. 3829:, pp. 295–298. 3799:, pp. 284–288. 3787:, pp. 290–294. 3726:, pp. 204–205. 3709:, pp. 274–276. 3644:, pp. 252–255. 3629:, pp. 237–246. 3605:, pp. 234–236. 3590:, pp. 225–232. 3575:, pp. 213–222. 3560:, pp. 196–212. 3548:, pp. 192–195. 3536:, pp. 183–189. 3521:, pp. 179–181. 3509:, pp. 174–175. 3472:, pp. 147–148. 3433:, pp. 166–167. 3397:, pp. 143–144. 3365:, pp. 114–115. 3350:, pp. 108–109. 3338:, pp. 103–104. 3239:, pp. 157–158. 3099:, pp. 170–175. 2739:, pp. 434–441. 2536:, in the suburb of 2524:, in the suburb of 2403:the Order of Canada 2363:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2256:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 2204:SS-Standartenführer 1818:SS-Hauptsturmführer 1780:The 1 October 1946 1637:3rd Ukrainian Front 1577:occupied Yugoslavia 1568:2nd Ukrainian Front 1541:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1521:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1509:Zemianske Kostoľany 1505:Kampfgruppe Wildner 1361:8th Panzer Division 1256:1st Ukrainian Front 1109:SS-Standartenführer 977:British Indian Army 761:, on 22 June 1941. 526:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 6316:. Fonthill Media. 6297:. Fonthill Media. 6240:Ukraine: A History 5713:Noakes, Taylor C. 5661:. 2 February 1997. 5578:publications.gc.ca 5519:The Globe and Mail 4954:. 28 August 2023. 4876:lia.lvivcenter.org 4634:on 10 August 2017. 4379:The New York Times 4359:The New York Times 4144:on 9 November 2009 4114:on 9 December 2011 2439: 2251: 2005:Palikrowy massacre 1985:General Government 1936: 1667:On 12 March 1945, 1605:Yugoslav Partisans 1476:IV SS Panzer Corps 1404: 1352: 1293:around that time. 1275:best armored units 1241: 1192: 1084: 1076: 1020:SS police division 1001: 993: 939:, the head of the 885:General Government 858:, the head of the 852: 840: 832: 728:invasion of Poland 714: 576:, was part of the 530:National Socialist 517:Ukrainian diaspora 163:IV SS Panzer Corps 6864: 6863: 6791: 6711:30 (1 Belarusian) 6629: 6628: 6323:978-1-78155-538-5 6304:978-1-78155-528-6 6277:978-0-920862-36-0 6258:978-1-3990-0694-1 6251:. Pen and Sword. 6227:978-0-300-10586-5 6186:978-0-2280-1654-0 6167:978-3-938845-17-2 6144:978-3-030-41329-3 6076:978-0-7864-0371-4 6033:The Polish Review 5993:978-0-8117-3371-7 5974:978-0-8117-3438-7 5955:978-1-874622-19-2 5906:. Kashtan Press. 5844:978-0-434-11304-0 5825:978-0-19-879055-6 5559:. 4 October 2023. 5013:Istorychna Pravda 4915:Liphshiz, Cnaan, 4784:Tucker-Jones 2022 4651:3 September 2009. 4442:978-0-300-12841-3 3974:, pp. 80–81. 3871:, pp. 66–69. 3856:, pp. 66–68. 3741:, pp. 62–63. 3497:, pp. 74–86. 3182:, pp. 18–19. 3135:, pp. 71–72. 3087:, pp. 62–64. 3045:, pp. 59–60. 3007:Tucker-Jones 2022 2997:, pp. 79–81. 2923:, pp. 53–57. 2861:, pp. 51–52. 2821:, pp. 41–42. 2792:, pp. 71–72. 2751:, pp. 18–19. 2724:, pp. 69–70. 2697:, pp. 36–37. 2661:, pp. 20–21. 2646:, pp. 67–68. 2437:, western Ukraine 2367:standing ovations 2336:Oakville, Ontario 2292:Polish parliament 2001:Pidkamin massacre 1156:training camp in 960:Andrey Sheptytsky 913:Ukrainian trident 806:and were sent to 754:and seize power. 665:League of Nations 661:Polish parliament 653:Polish–Soviet War 564:Status of Galicia 506:Ukrainian Academy 450: 386:at Huta Pieniacka 316: 280: 279: 6952: 6895: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6875: 6853: 6852: 6834:Units marked in 6789: 6670:26 (2 Hungarian) 6606: 6605: 6590:33 (3 Hungarian) 6355: 6348: 6341: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6308: 6281: 6262: 6243: 6231: 6207: 6190: 6171: 6148: 6126: 6080: 6056: 6027: 6021: 6013: 6002:Motyka, Grzegorz 5997: 5978: 5959: 5940: 5917: 5913:978-1896-3540-57 5898: 5879: 5848: 5829: 5809: 5797: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5719:Jacobin Magazine 5710: 5704: 5703: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5575: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5454: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5381:. Archived from 5369: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5173: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5137: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5105: 5099: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5050:kiev.segodnya.ua 5042: 5036: 5035: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4942: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4868: 4859: 4858: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4756: 4750: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4717: 4711: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4666:wiadomosci.wp.pl 4658: 4652: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4630:. Archived from 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4565:on 9 August 2008 4561:. Archived from 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4534:. 14 June 2013. 4521: 4515: 4512:Piotrowski 1998b 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4474: 4463: 4462: 4456: 4454: 4423: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4382:. 21 April 1964. 4370: 4364: 4363: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4321: 4320: 4315:. Archived from 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4273: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4225:. 22 June 2003. 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4077: 4071: 4062: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4035:Piotrowski 1998a 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3866: 3857: 3851: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3815: 3809: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3742: 3736: 3727: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3591: 3585: 3576: 3570: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3473: 3467: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3381: 3375: 3366: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3287:, p. 14–15. 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1329:Pidhirtsi Castle 1088:SS-Brigadeführer 1025:SS-Brigadeführer 869:Heinrich Himmler 846:Catholic Bishop 812:Roman Shukhevych 808:occupied Belarus 802:Schutzmannschaft 789:security service 779:on 30 June 1941 744:Roland Battalion 461: 455: 445: 443: 428: 420:by 10 May 1945. 324:Galicia Division 321: 311: 309: 294: 240:Vienna Offensive 202: 199: 183:Galicia Division 153:Replacement Army 113: 112: 111: 96: 95: 94: 88: 84: 82: 81: 68: 64: 62: 61: 40: 21: 20: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6900: 6899: 6898: 6888: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6874:sister projects 6871:at Knowledge's 6865: 6860: 6859: 6828: 6807: 6788: 6782: 6761: 6757:38 "Nibelungen" 6656:20 (1 Estonian) 6641:14 (1 Galician) 6625: 6604: 6563: 6499: 6466:Reichsführer-SS 6444: 6436: 6365: 6359: 6324: 6305: 6289: 6287:Further reading 6284: 6278: 6259: 6236:Subtelny, Orest 6228: 6212:Snyder, Timothy 6187: 6168: 6145: 6077: 6015: 6014: 5994: 5975: 5956: 5937: 5914: 5895: 5868: 5845: 5826: 5802:Armstrong, John 5794: 5777: 5772: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5746: 5745: 5741: 5730: 5726: 5711: 5707: 5700:Esprit de Corps 5692: 5688: 5673: 5666: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5511: 5507: 5494: 5493: 5489: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5456: 5455: 5448: 5439: 5437: 5427: 5423: 5413: 5411: 5394: 5390: 5378:Washington Post 5371: 5370: 5366: 5357: 5355: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5312: 5308: 5298: 5296: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5232:Progress Report 5224: 5220: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5174: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5138: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5106: 5102: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5052:. 11 July 2022. 5044: 5043: 5039: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4944: 4943: 4934: 4925: 4923: 4913: 4909: 4900: 4898: 4887: 4883: 4870: 4869: 4862: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4828: 4826: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4770: 4759: 4751: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4727:on 1 March 2014 4719: 4718: 4714: 4708:Wayback Machine 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4672:on 2 March 2017 4660: 4659: 4655: 4643: 4639: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4594: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4494: 4488:Wayback Machine 4475: 4466: 4452: 4450: 4443: 4427:Snyder, Timothy 4424: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4324: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4089: 4080: 4072: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3867: 3860: 3852: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3818: 3810: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3745: 3737: 3730: 3722: 3713: 3705: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3640: 3633: 3625: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3579: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3540: 3532: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3476: 3468: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3384: 3380:, pp. 127. 3376: 3369: 3361: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3263:, pp. 6–7. 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3228: 3220: 3213: 3205: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3166: 3162: 3154: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3083: 3076: 3068: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3001: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2950: 2942: 2927: 2919: 2906: 2898: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2846: 2838: 2825: 2817: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2735: 2728: 2720: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2546: 2518: 2447:Jules Deschênes 2427: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2304: 2288: 2264:Ivano-Frankivsk 2239:FC Karpaty Lviv 2231: 2226: 2184: 2129: 2065: 2052: 2009:The village of 2007: 1999:Main articles: 1997: 1983:command of the 1950:Grzegorz Motyka 1924: 1918: 1861:Warsaw Uprising 1778: 1770:civil liberties 1766:social security 1753: 1723:II Polish Corps 1715: 1665: 1651:area, south of 1629:I Cavalry Corps 1625: 1589: 1553:Reinhard Gehlen 1545:Banská Bystrica 1501: 1451:Slovak Uprising 1390: 1370:Georg Lindemann 1302:their offensive 1291:1st Panzer Army 1287:XIII Army Corps 1267:Pripyat Marshes 1233: 1197: 1180: 1172:4th Panzer Army 1135:Soviet partisan 1092:Walter Schimana 1068: 1059:Ordnungspolizei 1046:Interwar period 985: 889:occupied Poland 865:Reichsführer-SS 824: 724:Wilhelm Canaris 706: 582:Austrian Empire 574:western Ukraine 566: 561: 500:. In 2003, the 457: 424: 290: 283: 273: 269: 267:Walter Schimana 262: 251: 220:Zamość uprising 203:Blue and yellow 200: 197: 189: 172: 158:I Cavalry Corps 148:XIII Army Corps 109: 107: 92: 90: 89: 79: 77: 59: 57: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6958: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6897: 6896: 6867: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6846: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6794: 6792: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6778:35 (Grenadier) 6775: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6739: 6730: 6720: 6713: 6708: 6706:30 (2 Russian) 6703: 6701:29 (1 Italian) 6698: 6693: 6683: 6672: 6667: 6658: 6653: 6651:19 (2 Latvian) 6648: 6646:15 (1 Latvian) 6643: 6637: 6635: 6631: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6612: 6610: 6603: 6602: 6592: 6587: 6580: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6553: 6544: 6535: 6526: 6516: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6497: 6487: 6477: 6469: 6461: 6450: 6448: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6434: 6426: 6418: 6410: 6402: 6394: 6386: 6377: 6375: 6367: 6366: 6358: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6322: 6309: 6303: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6276: 6263: 6257: 6244: 6232: 6226: 6208: 6191: 6185: 6172: 6166: 6149: 6143: 6127: 6101:(3): 329–368. 6081: 6075: 6057: 6039:(2): 219–238. 6028: 5998: 5992: 5979: 5973: 5960: 5954: 5941: 5935: 5922: 5918:Available at: 5912: 5899: 5893: 5880: 5866: 5849: 5843: 5830: 5824: 5810: 5798: 5792: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5739: 5724: 5705: 5686: 5664: 5649: 5644:Read The Maple 5631: 5613: 5583: 5562: 5542: 5524: 5505: 5487: 5469: 5446: 5421: 5388: 5364: 5337: 5306: 5276: 5249: 5218: 5199: 5165: 5147:Ottawa Citizen 5129: 5117: 5100: 5083: 5055: 5037: 5019: 4999: 4969: 4932: 4907: 4897:(in Ukrainian) 4881: 4860: 4836: 4803: 4788: 4776: 4774:, p. 385. 4757: 4755:, p. 181. 4738: 4712: 4683: 4653: 4637: 4619: 4607: 4588: 4586:, p. 383. 4576: 4549: 4516: 4514:, p. 231. 4504: 4492: 4464: 4441: 4415: 4413:, p. 344. 4403: 4385: 4365: 4345: 4322: 4299: 4297:, p. 347. 4287: 4275: 4252: 4240: 4210: 4184: 4155: 4125: 4095: 4091:Margolian 2000 4078: 4063: 4051: 4039: 4037:, p. 219. 4027: 4025:, p. 127. 4015: 4013:, p. 205. 4000: 3988: 3976: 3972:Yurkevich 1986 3957: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3907:, p. 351. 3897: 3885: 3883:, p. 305. 3873: 3858: 3843: 3831: 3816: 3801: 3789: 3774: 3772:, p. 318. 3762: 3743: 3728: 3711: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3668:, p. 259. 3658: 3654:Yurkevich 1986 3646: 3631: 3619: 3607: 3592: 3577: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3523: 3511: 3499: 3474: 3459: 3457:, p. 145. 3447: 3445:, p. 169. 3435: 3423: 3421:, p. 151. 3411: 3409:, p. 152. 3399: 3382: 3367: 3352: 3340: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3299:, p. 104. 3297:Shkandrij 2023 3289: 3277: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3226: 3211: 3196: 3184: 3172: 3160: 3158:, p. 201. 3137: 3125: 3113: 3101: 3097:Armstrong 1963 3089: 3074: 3072:, p. 200. 3059: 3057:, pp. 61. 3047: 3035: 3031:Yurkevich 1986 3023: 3011: 3009:, p. 195. 2999: 2987: 2975: 2973:, p. 202. 2948: 2944:Yurkevich 1986 2925: 2904: 2900:Yurkevich 1986 2887: 2883:Yurkevich 1986 2875: 2863: 2844: 2842:, p. 198. 2823: 2806: 2794: 2790:Yurkevich 1986 2777: 2773:Armstrong 1963 2765: 2753: 2749:Armstrong 1963 2741: 2726: 2722:Yurkevich 1986 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2659:Shkandrij 2023 2648: 2644:Yurkevich 1986 2636: 2612: 2583: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2545: 2542: 2517: 2514: 2501:anti-communist 2477:Ottawa Citizen 2426: 2423: 2371:Justin Trudeau 2355:Yaroslav Hunka 2319: 2318: 2309: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2287: 2284: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156:Tank Destroyer 2152: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2114: 2104: 2094: 2084: 2064: 2061: 2051: 2048: 1996: 1993: 1946:Huta Pieniacka 1932:Huta Pieniacka 1920:Main article: 1917: 1916:Huta Pieniacka 1914: 1894:Michael Karkoc 1888:In June 2013, 1865:Timothy Snyder 1821:Heinrich Wiens 1777: 1774: 1752: 1749: 1714: 1711: 1690:Pavlo Shandruk 1678:Pavlo Shandruk 1664: 1661: 1624: 1621: 1588: 1585: 1555:, the head of 1503:The forces of 1500: 1497: 1389: 1386: 1260:Soviet Marshal 1232: 1229: 1196: 1193: 1190:anti-tank gun. 1179: 1176: 1067: 1064: 984: 981: 860:SS Main Office 856:Gottlob Berger 823: 820: 752:Soviet Ukraine 736:Stepan Bandera 705: 702: 684:intelligentsia 657:another treaty 625:Russian Empire 568:The region of 565: 562: 560: 557: 418:Western Allies 281: 278: 277: 275:Pavlo Shandruk 264: 258: 257: 253: 252: 250: 249: 248: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 211: 209: 205: 204: 195: 191: 190: 188: 187: 184: 180: 178: 174: 173: 171: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 144: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 105: 101: 100: 74: 70: 69: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6957: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6905: 6893: 6892: 6880: 6879: 6876: 6870: 6856: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6785: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6665:(1 Hungarian) 6664: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6577:Florian Geyer 6573: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6408: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6356: 6351: 6349: 6344: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6333: 6325: 6319: 6315: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6291: 6290: 6279: 6273: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5936:0-8020-4277-5 5932: 5928: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5905: 5900: 5896: 5894:0-7643-0081-4 5890: 5886: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5867:9780969023944 5863: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5793:1-84176-668-2 5789: 5785: 5780: 5779: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5735: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5709: 5701: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5671: 5669: 5660: 5653: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5617: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5579: 5572: 5566: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5538: 5534: 5528: 5520: 5516: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5353: 5349: 5348: 5341: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5214: 5210: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5170: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5136: 5134: 5126: 5121: 5115:. (In Polish) 5114: 5110: 5104: 5098:. (In Polish) 5097: 5093: 5087: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5032:ukranews.com/ 5029: 5023: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5003: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4957: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4922: 4918: 4911: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4840: 4824: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4807: 4800: 4799:Mitcham 2007a 4795: 4793: 4786:, p. 11. 4785: 4780: 4773: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4650: 4646: 4641: 4633: 4629: 4623: 4616: 4611: 4603: 4598: 4592: 4585: 4580: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4537: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4513: 4508: 4501: 4496: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4461: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4422: 4420: 4412: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4349: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4285:, p. 19. 4284: 4279: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4248:Cesarani 1992 4244: 4228: 4224: 4223:The Telegraph 4220: 4214: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4160: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4075: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4055: 4048: 4043: 4036: 4031: 4024: 4019: 4012: 4007: 4005: 3997: 3992: 3985: 3980: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3954: 3949: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3870: 3865: 3863: 3855: 3850: 3848: 3841:, p. 65. 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3814:, p. 63. 3813: 3808: 3806: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3779: 3771: 3770:Scherzer 2007 3766: 3760:, p. 62. 3759: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3740: 3735: 3733: 3725: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3708: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3692:, p. 55. 3691: 3686: 3680:, p. 52. 3679: 3674: 3667: 3662: 3656:, p. 78. 3655: 3650: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3628: 3623: 3617:, p. 48. 3616: 3611: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3574: 3569: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3542: 3535: 3530: 3528: 3520: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3495:Mitcham 2007b 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3471: 3466: 3464: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3439: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3396: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3364: 3359: 3357: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3330: 3323:, p. 95. 3322: 3317: 3311:, p. 24. 3310: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3275:, p. 12. 3274: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3251:, p. 16. 3250: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3224:, p. 13. 3223: 3218: 3216: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3194:, p. 90. 3193: 3188: 3181: 3176: 3170:, p. 73. 3169: 3164: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3134: 3129: 3123:, p. 70. 3122: 3117: 3111:, p. 65. 3110: 3105: 3098: 3093: 3086: 3081: 3079: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3033:, p. 74. 3032: 3027: 3021:, p. 58. 3020: 3015: 3008: 3003: 2996: 2991: 2985:, p. 17. 2984: 2979: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2946:, p. 77. 2945: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2922: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2902:, p. 76. 2901: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2885:, p. 73. 2884: 2879: 2873:, p. 40. 2872: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2804:, p. 23. 2803: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2775:, p. 65. 2774: 2769: 2763:, p. 39. 2762: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2737:Subtelny 1988 2733: 2731: 2723: 2718: 2716: 2709:, p. 38. 2708: 2703: 2696: 2691: 2685:, p. 33. 2684: 2679: 2673:, p. 30. 2672: 2667: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2645: 2640: 2633:. p. 13. 2632: 2625: 2624: 2616: 2601: 2600:Freedom House 2597: 2593: 2587: 2581:, p. 41. 2580: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2497:Irving Abella 2494: 2493: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2441:The Canadian 2436: 2431: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399:Peter Savaryn 2395: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2313: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2290:In 2016, the 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2218: 2215: 2214:Fritz Freitag 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2169:Anti-Aircraft 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2060: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1956: 1955:Armia Krajowa 1951: 1947: 1942: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1905: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:Scotland Yard 1748: 1746: 1741: 1740:Pope Pius XII 1737: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1639:succeeded in 1638: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1489:SS-Oberführer 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423: 1422:Volksdeutsche 1416: 1414: 1410: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1348: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1249:Baltic states 1246: 1245:Eastern Front 1237: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1222:Field Marshal 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1189: 1184: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1158:Lower Silesia 1155: 1150: 1148: 1147:Wilhelm Koppe 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1116:of Waffen-SS 1115: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1080: 1072: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1034:Fritz Freitag 1032:of Waffen-SS 1031: 1030:Major General 1027: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1007: 997: 989: 980: 978: 972: 970: 965: 961: 957: 952: 948: 946: 942: 938: 932: 930: 924: 922: 921:13th Division 918: 914: 910: 909:Galician lion 906: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 881: 877: 872: 870: 867: 866: 861: 857: 849: 844: 836: 828: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 804:Battalion 201 803: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 769: 764: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732:Andriy Melnyk 729: 725: 721: 720: 710: 701: 698: 694: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 641:being overrun 638: 634: 630: 627:and then the 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 610:formed a part 607: 604:units of the 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 556: 554: 550: 549:Freedom House 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 522: 518: 514: 509: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 474: 472: 468: 464: 460: 454: 448: 439: 435: 431: 427: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 362:Eastern Front 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 329: 325: 320: 314: 305: 301: 297: 293: 288: 282:Military unit 276: 272: 271:Fritz Freitag 268: 265: 259: 254: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 212: 210: 206: 196: 192: 185: 182: 181: 179: 175: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 116: 106: 102: 99: 87: 75: 71: 67: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 34: 27: 22: 19: 6894:from Commons 6889: 6868: 6839: 6835: 6744: 6741: 6734: 6725: 6722: 6715: 6688: 6685: 6677: 6674: 6662: 6640: 6597: 6594: 6582: 6576: 6557: 6551:(2 Croatian) 6548: 6542:(1 Albanian) 6539: 6533:(1 Croatian) 6530: 6521: 6518: 6512: 6492: 6489: 6483:Horst Wessel 6482: 6479: 6473: 6465: 6456: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6431:Hitlerjugend 6430: 6422: 6415:Hohenstaufen 6414: 6406: 6398: 6390: 6382: 6370: 6361: 6313: 6294: 6267: 6248: 6239: 6216: 6203: 6199: 6176: 6157: 6153: 6137:. Springer. 6134: 6098: 6092: 6065: 6036: 6032: 6009: 6005: 5983: 5964: 5945: 5926: 5903: 5884: 5853: 5834: 5815: 5805: 5783: 5775:Bibliography 5760:. Retrieved 5752:inquirer.com 5751: 5742: 5733: 5727: 5718: 5708: 5699: 5689: 5680: 5658: 5652: 5643: 5634: 5625: 5616: 5604:. Retrieved 5595: 5586: 5577: 5565: 5554: 5545: 5536: 5527: 5518: 5508: 5499: 5490: 5481: 5472: 5461: 5440:27 September 5438:, retrieved 5434: 5424: 5414:24 September 5412:. Retrieved 5401: 5391: 5383:the original 5376: 5367: 5358:24 September 5356:, retrieved 5346: 5340: 5330:24 September 5328:. Retrieved 5320:Toronto Star 5319: 5309: 5299:24 September 5297:. Retrieved 5288: 5279: 5267:. Retrieved 5261:. CBC News. 5252: 5240:. Retrieved 5231: 5221: 5213:The Guardian 5212: 5202: 5190:. Retrieved 5181: 5156:. Retrieved 5145: 5125:Rudling 2020 5120: 5103: 5086: 5074:. Retrieved 5067: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5031: 5022: 5011: 5002: 4990:. Retrieved 4981: 4972: 4960:. Retrieved 4949: 4926:30 September 4924:, retrieved 4920: 4910: 4901:30 September 4899:, retrieved 4894: 4884: 4875: 4855:the original 4848: 4839: 4827:. Retrieved 4816: 4806: 4779: 4729:. Retrieved 4725:the original 4715: 4699: 4686: 4674:. Retrieved 4670:the original 4665: 4656: 4640: 4632:the original 4622: 4615:Rudling 2012 4610: 4591: 4579: 4567:. Retrieved 4563:the original 4552: 4540:. Retrieved 4528: 4519: 4507: 4495: 4478: 4460:inhabitants. 4458: 4451:. Retrieved 4431: 4411:Rudling 2012 4406: 4397: 4388: 4377: 4368: 4357: 4348: 4341:Rudling 2012 4317:the original 4312: 4302: 4290: 4278: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4243: 4231:. Retrieved 4222: 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4197:the original 4187: 4175:. Retrieved 4171:the original 4146:. Retrieved 4142:the original 4137: 4128: 4116:. 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Retrieved 2595: 2586: 2574: 2526:Philadelphia 2519: 2505: 2490: 2475: 2473: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2440: 2401:was awarded 2396: 2392: 2383:Anthony Rota 2352: 2326:The granite 2325: 2289: 2261: 2252: 2237:Fans of the 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2147:14th Waffen- 2130: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2096: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2076: 2068: 2066: 2063:Organization 2053: 2027: 2008: 1964: 1937: 1887: 1882: 1854: 1851:Nazi Germany 1848: 1840:Franz Magill 1803: 1799:enlisted men 1779: 1754: 1716: 1695: 1666: 1626: 1609: 1590: 1561: 1549: 1540: 1537:Hlinka Guard 1520: 1504: 1502: 1493:Karl Ullrich 1487: 1461: 1454: 1439: 1420: 1417: 1405: 1402:rank collar. 1397: 1382: 1366: 1353: 1326: 1321:2nd Air Army 1306: 1295: 1253: 1242: 1225:Walter Model 1217: 1200: 1198: 1161: 1151: 1131:Sydir Kovpak 1124: 1122: 1107: 1104: 1096: 1087: 1085: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1042: 1023: 1017: 1010: 1002: 973: 953: 949: 933: 925: 901: 876:Otto Wächter 873: 863: 853: 801: 781:and declared 766: 763:Adolf Hitler 756: 717: 715: 681: 677:Nazi Germany 675:signed with 639:, which was 633:eastern half 629:Soviet Union 618: 567: 538: 534:World War II 510: 482:SS divisions 476:In 1946 the 475: 422: 366:World War II 359: 323: 286: 284: 215:World War II 141:Part of 18: 6735:Charlemagne 6680:(1 Flemish) 6522:Prinz Eugen 6206:(2): 61–72. 5762:6 September 5592:"Waffen-SS" 5556:The Forward 5500:Forward.com 4951:The Forward 4772:Motyka 2006 4753:Motyka 2006 4584:Motyka 2006 4569:3 September 4500:Snyder 2003 4295:Melnyk 2002 4283:Melnyk 2002 4233:28 November 4134:"Personnel" 4059:Logusz 1997 4047:Logusz 1997 3996:Logusz 1997 3984:Logusz 1997 3953:Logusz 1997 3941:Logusz 1997 3929:Logusz 1997 3917:Logusz 1997 3905:Logusz 1997 3893:Logusz 1997 3881:Logusz 1997 3827:Logusz 1997 3797:Logusz 1997 3785:Logusz 1997 3707:Logusz 1997 3666:Logusz 1997 3642:Logusz 1997 3627:Logusz 1997 3603:Logusz 1997 3588:Logusz 1997 3573:Logusz 1997 3558:Logusz 1997 3546:Logusz 1997 3534:Logusz 1997 3519:Logusz 1997 3507:Logusz 1997 3470:Logusz 1997 3455:Logusz 1997 3443:Logusz 1997 3431:Logusz 1997 3419:Logusz 1997 3407:Logusz 1997 3395:Logusz 1997 3378:Logusz 1997 3363:Logusz 1997 3348:Logusz 1997 3336:Logusz 1997 3321:Logusz 1997 3237:Logusz 1997 3192:Logusz 1997 3168:Logusz 1997 3133:Logusz 1997 3121:Logusz 1997 3109:Logusz 1997 3085:Logusz 1997 3055:Logusz 1997 3043:Logusz 1997 3019:Logusz 1997 2995:Logusz 1997 2921:Logusz 1997 2871:Logusz 1997 2859:Logusz 1997 2819:Logusz 1997 2802:Logusz 1997 2761:Logusz 1997 2707:Logusz 1997 2695:Logusz 1997 2683:Logusz 1997 2671:Logusz 1997 2579:Abbott 2004 2522:Elkins Park 2482:Sol Littman 2435:Lviv Oblast 2040:Lviv oblast 2031:SS-Galizien 2021:SS-Galizien 1941:SS-Galizien 1745:Polish army 1703:the Soviets 1575:region, in 1446:Slovak Army 1374:Bilyi Kamin 1188:5 cm Pak 38 1126:Kampfgruppe 608:, and they 598:World War I 545:hate symbol 208:Engagements 177:Nickname(s) 6904:Categories 6737:(1 French) 6678:Langemarck 6558:Karstjäger 6540:Skanderbeg 6423:Frundsberg 6200:Bylye Gody 5876:0969023944 5659:60 Minutes 5076:10 January 4453:29 January 4074:Heike 1988 4023:Heike 1988 3739:Heike 1988 3690:Heike 1988 3678:Heike 1988 3615:Heike 1988 3309:Heike 1988 3285:Heike 1988 3273:Heike 1988 3261:Heike 1988 3249:Heike 1988 3222:Heike 1988 3207:Heike 1988 3180:Heike 1988 2983:Heike 1988 2605:2 February 2492:60 Minutes 2469:war crimes 2419:Mary Simon 2344:hate crime 2229:In Ukraine 2182:Commanders 1601:Steiermark 1587:Yugoslavia 1533:Bratislava 1442:Josef Tiso 1283:had landed 1263:Ivan Konev 1099:Heidelager 1006:archpriest 905:field-grey 903:Waffen-SS 893:Erich Koch 773:Nazi Party 768:Lebensraum 740:Nachtigall 559:Background 498:war crimes 406:Yugoslavia 343:volunteers 339:Nazi Party 263:commanders 256:Commanders 73:Allegiance 6824:Divisions 6787:Deception 6726:30 Januar 6689:Wallonien 6531:Handschar 6493:Nederland 6446:grenadier 6399:Totenkopf 6391:Das Reich 6364:divisions 6362:Waffen-SS 6123:144432759 6115:1556-3006 6063:(1998b). 6045:0032-2970 6018:cite book 5681:The Maple 5606:4 October 5269:13 August 4992:4 October 4962:29 August 4850:Kyiv Post 4829:4 October 4676:4 October 4203:9 October 4177:9 October 4148:9 October 4118:9 October 2566:Citations 2373:and most 2302:In Canada 2286:In Poland 2171:Battalion 2158:Battalion 2151:Battalion 2127:Structure 2109:(German: 2099:(German: 2089:(German: 2079:(German: 1764:patient, 1613:Luftwaffe 1581:Ljubljana 1517:Žarnovica 1464:Legionowo 1378:Bug River 1154:Neuhammer 929:sig runes 748:Wehrmacht 647:, signed 596:. 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