29:
44:
386:. Huaxian was completely destroyed, killing more than half the residents of the city, with an estimated death toll in the hundreds of thousands. The situation in Weinan and Huayin was similar. In certain areas, 20-metre-deep (66 ft) crevices opened in the earth. Destruction and death were widespread, affecting places as far as 500 kilometres (310 mi) from the epicenter. The earthquake also triggered landslides, which contributed to the massive death toll. The rupture occurred during the reign of the
51:
223:
413:, various misfortunes took place. Mountains and rivers changed places and roads were destroyed. In some places, the ground suddenly rose up and formed new hills, or it sank abruptly and became new valleys. In other areas, a stream burst out in an instant, or the ground broke and new gullies appeared. Huts, official houses, temples and city walls collapsed all of a sudden.
505:
area. Two studies in 1992 and 2010 estimated the fault scarps at 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) and 7–8 m (23–26 ft) respectively. There has not been any research to confirm these scarps were produced by the earthquake or formed by multiple events. Assuming
435:
lived through the earthquake and recorded details. One conclusion he drew was that "at the very beginning of an earthquake, people indoors should not go out immediately. Just crouch down and wait. Even if the nest has collapsed, some eggs may remain intact." The shaking reduced the height of the
483:
was XI to XII occurring in
Huaxian and Weinan. This would support the theory of the earthquake rupturing along the Huashan and Weinan faults. Intensity VIII was observed throughout the basin and the intensity X+ zone was 100 km (62 mi) long.
487:
Studies about the earthquake published between 1998 and 2017 presumed scarps along the
Huashan and Weinan faults, some higher than 8 m (26 ft), were produced by the 1556 earthquake. The fault zone is located northeast of
500:
artefacts which were 4,000 years old. In a separate 1998 study, the fault scarps were about 4–7 m (13–23 ft) high. Scarps of the Weinan Fault are less detailed in published works with most focused around the
566:. An 840-kilometre-wide (520 mi) area was destroyed, and in some counties as much as 60% of the population was killed. The cost of damage done by the earthquake is almost impossible to measure in modern terms.
1364:
Houa, Jian-Jun; Hanb, Mu-Kang; Chaib, Bao-Long; Hanc, Heng-Yue (1998), "Geomorphological observations of active faults in the epicentral region of the
Huaxian large earthquake in 1556 in Shaanxi Province, China",
977:
492:. This normal fault generally trends east–west and dips to the north. A 1995 study said scarps along the Huashan Fault were 3–8 m (9.8–26.2 ft) high. Near the town of Huashan, the fault
510: would be 7.0–7.5, according to empirical scaling relationships between magnitude and fault rupture length. This suggest previous values for the earthquake's magnitude were overestimated.
903:
seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua
University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成"
1332:(1953), "Treatise in which the things of China are related at great length, with their particularities, ... Composed by the Rev. Father Fr. Gaspar da Cruz of the Order of Sain Dominic", in
605:. Much of the population in some of the affected areas lived in yaodongs. This was a major contributing factor to the very high death toll. The earthquake collapsed many caves and caused
860:
1427:
1226:
891:
346:
in response to northwest–southeast directed extension. Following a tectonically quiet period during the late
Paleogene the rift basins became active again in the
1339:
South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of
Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. [and] Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550–1575)
1013:
310:
cliffs—which collapsed and buried alive those sleeping inside. Modern estimates put the direct deaths from the earthquake at over 100,000, while over 700,000
1420:
921:
799:
350:
in response to NNW–SSE directed extension, activity that continues to the present. The basins in the Weihe-Shanxi Rift System are bounded by large
945:"Coulomb stress evolution in the Shanxi rift system, North China, since 1303 associated with coseismic, post-seismic and interseismic deformation"
1413:
750:
1823:
1071:
866:
1303:
2462:
432:
43:
1276:
659:
587:
323:
1209:
1190:
1114:
This quotation is from a translation of a
Chinese study of historical earthquake. 賀明靜編著，(1990年)，《（1556年）華縣地震災害研究》，西安：陜西人民出版社，頁92。
469:
146:
978:"Late Quaternary Activity of the Huashan Piedmont Fault and Associated Hazards in the Southeastern Weihe Graben, Central China"
712:"Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Weinan Fault, Shaanxi, Central China, and the Source of the 1556 Huaxian Earthquake"
358:
geometry, with the main controlling faults, such as the
Huashan Fault and North Qinling Fault, forming the southern boundary.
1313:
1286:
1261:
1172:
1099:
1785:
1230:
195:
1926:
1144:
2440:
2187:
2142:
1124:
2498:
2117:
1816:
2157:
1911:
690:
2450:
1770:
33:
Map of China showing modern-day
Shaanxi province (red) and the other provinces affected by the earthquake (orange)
2483:
2445:
2052:
1931:
1780:
1034:
Shi, W.; Dong, S.; Hu, J. (2019). "Neotectonics around the Ordos Block, North China: A review and new insights".
900:
856:
334:
Huaxian lies within the Weihe Basin, one of the rift basins that form the southern and eastern boundaries of the
913:
791:
2419:
1690:
1639:
1436:
664:
582:
and plagues, which summed up to a total loss of 830,000 people in
Imperial records. It is one of the deadliest
574:
Modern estimates put the direct deaths from the earthquake to be probably a little over 100,000, while 730,000
319:
2424:
2283:
2152:
1809:
1755:
1613:
1516:
1450:
480:
1735:
1896:
1832:
1745:
1654:
654:
583:
830:
1790:
1710:
1649:
242:
2493:
2343:
2248:
2062:
1685:
629:
later in 1556, heard about the earthquake, and later reported about it in the last chapter of his book
1705:
711:
409:
In the winter of 1556, an earthquake catastrophe occurred in the Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces. In our
116:
2398:
2338:
2313:
2253:
2082:
1977:
1921:
1916:
1876:
1846:
1634:
1598:
1460:
1455:
1775:
1608:
1068:
2403:
2388:
2328:
2293:
2288:
2263:
2233:
2192:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2072:
2032:
1906:
1891:
1886:
1871:
1856:
1760:
1750:
1583:
1562:
2457:
2383:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2303:
2258:
2243:
2177:
2167:
2087:
2057:
2022:
1997:
1992:
1951:
1946:
1881:
1861:
1740:
1725:
1715:
1629:
1552:
1547:
1537:
506:
both faults ruptured during the earthquake, which runs for a total 90 km (56 mi), the M
437:
425:
1669:
452:
Modern estimates, based on geological data, give the earthquake a magnitude of approximately 8 M
2488:
2393:
2378:
2348:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2308:
2298:
2278:
2268:
2238:
2228:
2213:
2197:
2172:
2162:
2147:
2132:
2047:
2012:
1982:
1961:
1941:
1936:
1901:
1851:
1720:
1700:
1695:
1664:
1659:
1593:
1542:
1506:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1465:
685:
International Association of Engineering Geology International Congress. Proceedings. (1990).
457:
354:, which have been responsible for large historical earthquakes. The Weihe Basin has an overall
318:
and plagues, which summed up to a total loss of 830,000 people in Imperial records. It was the
1089:
888:
2373:
2273:
2223:
2218:
2182:
2137:
2092:
2077:
2067:
2042:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2002:
1987:
1956:
1765:
1603:
1578:
1557:
1532:
1511:
1496:
1162:
472:, there have been earthquakes with considerably higher magnitudes. Following the earthquake,
2368:
2127:
2122:
2007:
1644:
1501:
1405:
1374:
989:
726:
394:. Therefore, in the Chinese historical record, this earthquake is often referred to as the
28:
8:
1588:
641:
as, possibly, the sign of this calamity (as well as perhaps the sign of the birth of the
638:
410:
286:
1400:
1378:
1305:
Geological Hazards: Earthquakes — Tsunamis — Volcanoes, Avalanches — Landslides — Floods
993:
730:
710:
Feng, X.; Ma, J.; Zhou, Y.; England, P.; Parsons, B.; Rizza, M.A.; Walker, R.T. (2020).
1206:
1187:
1051:
1005:
742:
575:
339:
311:
227:
88:
1386:
1309:
1282:
1168:
1095:
1055:
1009:
746:
686:
493:
1047:
1382:
1342:, Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, Printed for the Hakluyt Society
1043:
997:
956:
734:
579:
497:
375:
315:
292:
250:
97:
1253:
1337:
1213:
1194:
1148:
1075:
895:
618:
387:
265:
75:
1141:
1329:
622:
461:
1128:
2477:
1302:
Bolt, B. A.; Horn, W. L.; MacDonald, G. A.; Scott, R. F. (21 December 2013).
602:
598:
502:
307:
161:
148:
1001:
418:
391:
351:
296:
181:
1333:
961:
944:
738:
464:, though more recent discoveries have shown that it was more likely 7.9 M
355:
335:
231:
1801:
642:
633:(1569). He viewed the earthquake as a possible punishment for people's
473:
976:
Du, Jianjun; Li, Dunpeng; Wang, Yufang; Ma, Yinsheng (February 2017),
626:
606:
479:
Shaking was felt strongly across the Weihe Basin region. The maximum
371:
367:
343:
271:
563:
535:
489:
441:
594:
559:
555:
547:
347:
303:
1351:(Translation of da Cruz's 1569 book, with C.R. Boxer's comments)
554:
were affected. Buildings were damaged slightly in the cities of
855:
519:
383:
379:
222:
551:
543:
539:
531:
527:
523:
421:
402:
1435:
1216:
Museum of Earthquakes, Ruins of Hua County Earthquake (1556)
1251:
634:
1160:
291:), occurred in the early morning of 2 February 1556 in
92:
The 12th day of the 12th month of the 34th year of the
1301:
1091:
China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization
518:More than 97 counties in the provinces of Shaanxi,
214:
100,000+ (direct deaths) ~730,000 (indirect deaths)
1363:
812:１５５６年我国陕西的华县８级大地震，共死亡约８３万人，但实际上其中７０多万人死于其后的瘟疫和饥荒。
709:
476:continued several times a month for half a year.
2475:
1278:Disaster Deaths: Trends, Causes and Determinants
942:
468:. While it was the deadliest earthquake and the
338:. To the east the basin is continuous with the
50:
851:
849:
847:
374:Valley in Shaanxi Province, near Huaxian (now
324:deadliest natural disasters in Chinese history
1817:
1421:
1161:Christopher E.M. Pearson (5 September 2017).
1125:"MUSEUM OF FOREST OF STONE TABLETS IN XI' AN"
1078:, History Channel's Record of the earthquake.
1027:
279:
258:
230:along the southern and eastern margin of the
828:
719:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
1252:George Pararas-Carayannis (23 March 2013).
1154:
936:
844:
470:third-deadliest natural disaster in history
2463:China International Search and Rescue Team
1824:
1810:
1428:
1414:
975:
883:
881:
879:
824:
822:
820:
785:
783:
774:
27:
1087:
1033:
960:
943:Li, B.; Sørensen, B.; Atakan, K. (2015).
839:1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人
789:
117:
1831:
1437:Historical earthquakes (1000 AD–1500 AD)
1227:"China's History of Massive Earthquakes"
705:
703:
701:
699:
660:List of disasters in China by death toll
593:Millions of people at the time lived in
320:deadliest recorded earthquake in history
249:), known in Chinese colloquially by its
221:
876:
817:
780:
2476:
1275:Paul, Bimal Kanti (30 December 2020).
1081:
1805:
1409:
696:
681:
679:
302:Most of the residents there lived in
1328:
1274:
756:from the original on 22 October 2022
460:and XI (catastrophic damage) on the
428:, 40 were broken in the earthquake.
342:. The Weihe basin formed during the
2441:China Meteorological Administration
612:
586:, in turn making it one of the top
417:The earthquake damaged many of the
329:
13:
1357:
924:from the original on 28 March 2023
802:from the original on 4 August 2023
676:
14:
2510:
1394:
1254:"Historical Earthquakes in China"
1094:. World Scientific. p. 272.
949:Geophysical Journal International
914:"Deadliest Earthquakes on Record"
405:it was described in this manner:
2451:China Earthquake Networks Center
1264:from the original on 7 May 2018.
871:实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒
588:disasters in China by death toll
513:
49:
42:
2446:China Earthquake Administration
1322:
1295:
1268:
1245:
1219:
1200:
1181:
1135:
1117:
1108:
1062:
1048:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102969
969:
901:China Earthquake Administration
857:China Earthquake Administration
188:
1927:1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo, Ningxia
1401:Ruins of Hua County Earthquake
906:
768:
665:List of historical earthquakes
1:
1932:1786 Kangding-Luding, Sichuan
1387:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00112-0
1367:Journal of Structural Geology
1229:. 12 May 2008. Archived from
1197:, China virtual museums quake
1151:, China virtual museums quake
670:
569:
361:
2118:1976 Songpan–Pingwu, Sichuan
1852:1290 Chihli (Inner Mongolia)
790:邬福肇; 曹康泰; 陈章立, eds. (1998).
655:List of earthquakes in China
601:caves—on high cliffs in the
7:
2173:1996 Baotou, Inner Mongolia
2143:1988 Lancang–Gengma, Yunnan
829:高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008).
648:
609:which destroyed many more.
10:
2515:
447:
22:Shaanxi earthquake in 1556
2499:Disasters in Ming dynasty
2433:
2412:
2206:
2083:1969 Yangjiang, Guangdong
1970:
1839:
1678:
1622:
1571:
1525:
1474:
1443:
322:, and in turn one of the
280:
259:
208:
187:
177:
140:
132:
111:
103:
79:2 February 1556
66:23 January 1556
62:
38:
26:
16:Natural disaster in China
2344:2017 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan
2339:2017 Taxkorgan, Xinjiang
1892:1668 Tangcheng, Shandong
1207:Science Museums of China
1164:1000 Monuments of Genius
894:13 November 2023 at the
396:Jiajing Great Earthquake
255:Jiajing Great Earthquake
2458:China Geological Survey
2354:2019 Changning, Sichuan
2254:2008 Panzhihua, Sichuan
2103:1975 Haicheng, Liaoning
1993:1918 Shantou, Guangdong
1922:1738 Dangjiang, Qinghai
1002:10.1111/1755-6724.13064
865:. 地震出版社. Archived from
481:China seismic intensity
438:Small Wild Goose Pagoda
426:Kaicheng Stone Classics
270:) or officially by its
239:1556 Shaanxi earthquake
2484:Earthquakes in Shaanxi
2359:2020 Kashgar, Xinjiang
2329:2014 Kangding, Sichuan
2314:2014 Yingjiang, Yunnan
2289:2012 Yangzhou, Jiangsu
2249:2008 Yingjiang, Yunnan
2234:2005 Ruichang, Jiangxi
2063:1955 Kangding, Sichuan
2033:1936 Lingshan, Guangxi
1978:1902 Kashgar, Xinjiang
1917:1733 Dongchuan, Yunnan
1167:. ЛитРес. p. 73.
1074:13 August 2011 at the
899:(2005). Researched by
458:moment magnitude scale
415:
234:
162:34.50028°N 109.30000°E
2384:2022 Menyuan, Qinghai
2349:2017 Jinghe, Xinjiang
2334:2015 Pishan, Xinjiang
2309:2014 Yutian, Xinjiang
2294:2012 Zhaotong, Yunnan
2229:2003 Zhaosu, Xinjiang
2193:1998 Ninglang, Yunnan
2178:1997 Jiashi, Xinjiang
2158:1995 Menglian, Yunnan
2108:1976 Longling, Yunnan
2098:1974 Zhaotong, Yunnan
1998:1920 Haiyuan, Ningxia
1962:1889 Chilik, Xinjiang
1952:1850 Xichang, Sichuan
1872:1604 Quanzhou, Fujian
1862:1536 Xichang, Sichuan
1857:1303 Hongdong, Shanxi
1771:1585 Aleutian Islands
1036:Earth-Science Reviews
982:Acta Geologica Sinica
407:
306:—artificial caves in
276:Hua County Earthquake
225:
2394:2022 Luding, Sichuan
2379:2021 Luxian, Sichuan
2364:2020 Qiaojia, Yunnan
2299:2013 Lushan, Sichuan
2219:2003 Bachu, Xinjiang
2168:1996 Lijiang, Yunnan
2148:1990 Gonghe, Qinghai
2138:1985 Wuqia, Xinjiang
2113:1976 Tangshan, Hebei
2088:1970 Tonghai, Yunnan
2048:1948 Litang, Sichuan
2018:1931 Fuyun, Xinjiang
1983:1906 Manas, Xinjiang
1947:1833 Kunming, Yunnan
1887:1654 Tianshui, Gansu
1882:1626 Lingqiu, Shanxi
1833:Earthquakes in China
1334:Boxer, Charles Ralph
1212:14 June 2006 at the
1193:14 June 2006 at the
1147:14 June 2006 at the
739:10.1029/2019JB017848
584:earthquakes in China
2389:2022 Ya'an, Sichuan
2374:2021 Maduo, Qinghai
2324:2014 Jinggu, Yunnan
2319:2014 Ludian, Yunnan
2274:2010 Yushu, Qinghai
2259:2008 Damxung, Tibet
2239:2006 Yanjin, Yunnan
2163:1995 Wuding, Yunnan
2133:1985 Luquan, Yunnan
2128:1983 Heze, Shandong
2093:1973 Luhuo, Sichuan
2073:1966 Xingtai, Hebei
2068:1955 Yuzha, Sichuan
2038:1937 Heze, Shandong
2028:1933 Diexi, Sichuan
2003:1923 Renda, Sichuan
1937:1815 Pinglu, Shanxi
1912:1718 Tongwei, Gansu
1902:1695 Linfen, Shanxi
1897:1679 Beijing, Hebei
1786:1596 Keichō–Fushimi
1691:1509 Constantinople
1379:1998JSG....20..549H
994:2017AcGlS..91...76D
731:2020JGRB..12517848F
639:Great Comet of 1556
631:A Treatise of China
243:Postal romanization
167:34.50028; 109.30000
158: /
23:
2304:2013 Dingxi, Gansu
2153:1994 Taiwan Strait
2123:1981 Dawu, Sichuan
2013:1927 Gulang, Gansu
1988:1913 Eshan, Yunnan
1942:1830 Cixian, Hebei
1756:1580 Dover Straits
1640:1456 Central Italy
1614:1382 Dover Straits
1517:1185 East Midlands
1451:1033 Jordan Valley
1131:on 16 August 2004.
1088:Zhiyue Bo (2010).
962:10.1093/gji/ggv384
918:www.infoplease.com
578:away or died from
424:badly. Of the 114
340:Shanxi Rift System
314:away or died from
235:
228:Shanxi Rift System
89:Gregorian calendar
21:
2494:1550s earthquakes
2471:
2470:
2369:2021 Dali, Yunnan
2183:1997 Manyi, Tibet
2008:1925 Dali, Yunnan
1799:
1798:
1746:1575 San Salvador
1655:1475 Tenochtitlan
1315:978-3-642-86820-7
1288:978-0-429-51197-4
1174:978-5-457-76702-7
1101:978-981-283-673-1
1016:on 9 October 2018
444:by three levels.
401:In the annals of
226:Map of the Weihe–
220:
219:
2506:
2053:1950 Assam–Tibet
1957:1879 Wudu, Gansu
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1791:1590 Neulengbach
1781:1586 Lima–Callao
1711:1522 Vila Franca
1430:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1389:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1223:
1217:
1204:
1198:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1158:
1152:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1085:
1079:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1012:, archived from
973:
967:
966:
964:
955:(3): 1642–1664.
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
910:
904:
885:
874:
873:
853:
842:
841:
826:
815:
814:
809:
807:
787:
778:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
755:
716:
707:
694:
683:
613:Foreign reaction
498:Yangshao culture
376:Huazhou District
330:Tectonic setting
293:Huaxian, Shaanxi
283:
282:
262:
261:
204:
202:
190:
173:
172:
170:
169:
168:
163:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
122:
98:Chinese calendar
86:
84:
73:
71:
53:
52:
46:
31:
24:
20:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2429:
2408:
2202:
1966:
1835:
1830:
1800:
1795:
1736:1570 Concepción
1686:1505 Lo Mustang
1674:
1618:
1567:
1521:
1470:
1439:
1434:
1397:
1360:
1358:Further reading
1355:
1345:
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1330:Cruz, Gaspar da
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843:
831:"大地震后传染病的防疫要点"
816:
796:中华人民共和国防震减灾法释义
779:
775:Du et al. 2017
767:
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514:Affected area
511:
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503:Chishui River
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107:Early morning
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19:
2284:2011 Myanmar
2244:2008 Sichuan
2207:21st century
2058:1952 Damxung
2023:1932 Changma
1971:20th century
1867:1556 Shaanxi
1866:
1741:1570 Ferrara
1731:1556 Shaanxi
1730:
1726:1555 Kashmir
1716:1536 Xichang
1706:1522 Almería
1679:16th-century
1630:1420 Caldera
1623:15th-century
1572:14th-century
1553:1275 British
1548:1269 Cilicia
1538:1222 Brescia
1526:13th-century
1475:12th-century
1444:11th-century
1370:
1366:
1344:, retrieved
1338:
1324:
1308:. Springer.
1304:
1297:
1277:
1270:
1257:
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:the original
1221:
1202:
1183:
1163:
1156:
1137:
1129:the original
1119:
1110:
1090:
1083:
1064:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1018:, retrieved
1014:the original
988:(1): 76–92,
985:
981:
971:
952:
948:
938:
926:. Retrieved
917:
908:
887:
870:
867:the original
861:
838:
834:
811:
804:. Retrieved
795:
792:"第三章 地震灾害预防"
770:
758:. Retrieved
722:
718:
630:
616:
597:—artificial
592:
573:
517:
486:
478:
451:
431:The scholar
430:
416:
408:
400:
395:
392:Ming dynasty
378:of Weinan),
365:
333:
301:
297:Ming dynasty
285:
275:
264:
254:
246:
238:
236:
198:
182:Ming dynasty
93:
18:
2413:By province
2279:2011 Yunnan
2269:2009 Yunnan
2214:2001 Kunlun
2198:2000 Yunnan
1776:1586 Tenshō
1721:1531 Lisbon
1701:1513 Marash
1696:1511 Idrija
1665:1491 Cyprus
1660:1481 Rhodes
1609:1361 Shōhei
1594:1348 Friuli
1589:1343 Naples
1543:1222 Cyprus
1507:1169 Sicily
1492:1138 Aleppo
1487:1117 Verona
1482:1114 Marash
1466:1088 Tmogvi
1142:Kisti.re.kr
1069:History.com
474:aftershocks
370:was in the
356:half-graben
336:Ordos Block
295:during the
251:regnal year
232:Ordos Block
165: /
153:109°18′00″E
2478:Categories
2224:2003 Dayao
2043:1947 Assam
1840:Historical
1766:1584 Aigle
1604:1356 Basel
1579:1303 Crete
1558:1290 Zhili
1533:1202 Syria
1512:1170 Syria
1497:1139 Ganja
1188:Kepu.ac.cn
1042:: 102969.
889:颤抖的地球—地震科学
671:References
643:Antichrist
637:, and the
607:landslides
570:Death toll
496:contained
411:Hua County
362:Earthquake
209:Casualties
150:34°30′01″N
83:1556-02-02
70:1556-01-23
1670:1498 Meiō
1645:Haowhenua
1502:1157 Hama
1056:210616833
1020:9 October
1010:131962123
798:. 法律出版社.
747:228829854
627:Guangzhou
619:Dominican
372:Wei River
368:epicenter
344:Paleogene
272:epicenter
191:intensity
141:Epicenter
112:Magnitude
1262:Archived
1210:Archived
1191:Archived
1145:Archived
1072:Archived
922:Archived
892:Archived
862:地震知识百问百答
806:4 August
800:Archived
751:Archived
649:See also
595:yaodongs
576:migrated
564:Shanghai
536:Shandong
433:Qin Keda
312:migrated
304:yaodongs
268:Dàdìzhèn
197:MMI XI (
115:7.0–7.5
2420:Sichuan
1375:Bibcode
1336:(ed.),
1237:16 June
990:Bibcode
928:8 April
760:27 June
727:Bibcode
560:Chengdu
556:Beijing
548:Jiangsu
494:terrace
456:on the
448:Geology
390:of the
348:Neogene
287:Huàxiàn
274:as the
266:Jiājìng
253:as the
199:Extreme
136:Unknown
128:
124:, 8.0 M
96:era in
94:Jiajing
81: (
68: (
2425:Yunnan
1346:5 June
1312:
1285:
1171:
1098:
1054:
1008:
835:华北国防医药
745:
725:(12).
689:
621:friar
580:famine
520:Shanxi
422:steles
384:Huayin
380:Weinan
316:famine
289:Dìzhèn
247:Shensi
1052:S2CID
1006:S2CID
837:(3).
754:(PDF)
743:S2CID
715:(PDF)
599:loess
552:Anhui
544:Hunan
540:Hubei
532:Hebei
528:Gansu
524:Henan
490:Xi'an
442:Xi'an
403:China
308:loess
260:嘉靖大地震
133:Depth
1348:2011
1310:ISBN
1283:ISBN
1239:2008
1169:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1022:2018
930:2023
808:2023
762:2022
687:ISBN
635:sins
562:and
550:and
382:and
366:The
281:华县地震
237:The
189:Max.
1383:doi
1044:doi
1040:200
998:doi
957:doi
953:203
735:doi
723:125
645:).
440:in
284:" (
263:" (
87:in
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1369:,
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986:91
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980:,
951:.
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920:.
916:.
878:^
846:^
833:.
819:^
810:.
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782:^
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741:.
733:.
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717:.
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693:.
678:^
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558:,
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538:,
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530:,
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398:.
326:.
299:.
245::
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1811:v
1429:e
1422:t
1415:v
1390:.
1385::
1377::
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72:)
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