367:
30:
164:
194:. The exact breakdown of members returned at the election is not clear, but of the 525 members who served during the 1685-89 Parliamentary term, including those elected at later by-elections, 468 are estimated as Tories and 57 as Whigs. This estimate does not treat any members as uncommitted, and up to 30% of members were recorded as inactive.
197:
The election had significant effects on
Parliament demographically as well as politically. The newly elected members were mostly inexperienced, with slightly over half never having sat in Parliament before. The majority of these would stand down or lose their seats at the subsequent election in 1689.
159:
513 Members of
Parliament were returned across 53 counties and 217 boroughs in England and Wales, most returning two members. Only 15 counties and 57 boroughs (a total of 100 seats) had contested elections, with the other candidates being returned unopposed. One borough had a double return, where
171:
While the number of seats had not changed from the previous election, their electorate had been substantially altered by royal influence. Following the
Exclusion crisis, ninety-nine
213:
compared to other
Parliaments of the period. There was an unusually high share of government officials and military officers, and fewer country gentry. Two minors were elected,
214:
1027:
1007:
997:
992:
987:
982:
237:
1153:
727:
333:
1057:
355:
1143:
687:
1112:
1107:
1072:
218:
1067:
317:
298:
385:
1022:
104:
160:
multiple members were recorded elected, and another was subsequently voided by
Parliament, forcing a by-election.
348:
145:
109:
1047:
1012:
923:
283:
1122:
1117:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1062:
1052:
1042:
54:
44:
363:
68:
764:
341:
1148:
1158:
184:
210:
172:
377:
261:
180:
153:
858:
741:
692:
183:– which were not liable to charter manipulation – dropping from around sixty county seats
8:
190:
In the new parliament, the Tories now had their own majority in both houses, Commons and
137:
1017:
805:
179:, the aim being to eliminate the influence of the Whigs. The Whigs also lost seats in
1002:
279:
1032:
417:
141:
156:. Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.
1037:
638:
258:
Britain in the first age of party, 1680–1750: essays presented to
Geoffrey Holmes
643:
191:
1137:
206:
199:
276:
Reluctant revolutionaries : Englishmen and the revolution of 1688
202:
366:
176:
163:
278:(. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 45.
149:
152:were used as names for political groupings in the
326:, The History of Parliament, Secker & Warburg
307:, The History of Parliament, Secker & Warburg
246:, The History of Parliament, Secker & Warburg
1135:
238:Appendix IX: Franchises and Contested Elections
144:. This was the first time the pejorative words
349:
167:English Parliament of General Election 1685
356:
342:
162:
321:
318:Survey: I. The Composition of the House
311:
302:
241:
1154:Elections to the Parliament of England
1136:
337:
273:
231:
198:Members were much more likely to be
299:Survey: II. The Politics of Members
13:
14:
1170:
1144:17th-century elections in Europe
365:
28:
324:The House of Commons, 1660–1690
305:The House of Commons, 1660–1690
244:The House of Commons, 1660–1690
221:, aged 15 and 16 respectively.
136:elected the only parliament of
72:257 seats needed for a majority
292:
267:
250:
1:
224:
134:1685 English general election
22:1685 English general election
322:Henning, Basil, ed. (1983),
303:Henning, Basil, ed. (1983),
242:Henning, Basil, ed. (1983),
7:
16:General election in England
10:
1175:
264:online at books.google.com
376:
76:
65:
38:
26:
168:
181:county constituencies
166:
154:Parliament of England
67:All 513 seats in the
371:Elections in England
274:Speck, W.A. (1990).
138:James II of England
23:
169:
21:
1131:
1130:
378:General elections
175:had received new
130:
129:
126:
125:
61:
60:
1166:
1149:1685 in politics
370:
369:
358:
351:
344:
335:
334:
328:
327:
315:
309:
308:
296:
290:
289:
271:
265:
254:
248:
247:
235:
205:, with very few
142:Loyal Parliament
78:
77:
69:House of Commons
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:
24:
20:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1159:1685 in England
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
372:
364:
362:
332:
331:
316:
312:
297:
293:
286:
272:
268:
255:
251:
236:
232:
227:
187:to only eight.
140:, known as the
116:Seats won
71:
66:
34:
29:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:1701 (Nov–Dec)
1110:
1108:1701 (Jan–Feb)
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
739:
736:
733:
730:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
690:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
641:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
382:
380:
374:
373:
361:
360:
353:
346:
338:
330:
329:
310:
291:
284:
266:
249:
229:
228:
226:
223:
219:Thomas Windsor
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
98:
97:
95:
93:
89:
88:
85:
82:
74:
73:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
47:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1171:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
381:
379:
375:
368:
359:
354:
352:
347:
345:
340:
339:
336:
325:
319:
314:
306:
300:
295:
287:
281:
277:
270:
263:
259:
256:Clyve Jones,
253:
245:
239:
234:
230:
222:
220:
217:and the Hon.
216:
212:
208:
207:Presbyterians
204:
201:
195:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
165:
161:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
87:Second party
86:
83:
80:
79:
75:
70:
64:
57: →
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:←
42:
41:
37:
25:
19:
1082:
323:
313:
304:
294:
275:
269:
257:
252:
243:
233:
211:Independents
196:
189:
170:
158:
133:
131:
84:First party
49:
18:
200:High Church
1138:Categories
1073:1679 (Oct)
1068:1679 (Mar)
952:1554 (Nov)
949:1554 (Apr)
946:1553 (Oct)
943:1553 (Mar)
778:1416 (Oct)
775:1416 (Mar)
285:0192851209
225:References
215:Peter Legh
434:1299–1300
203:Anglicans
260:(1987),
177:charters
173:boroughs
1053:1658–59
1013:1623–24
1008:1620–21
979:1588–89
964:1562–63
961:1558–59
958:1557–58
937:1544–45
934:1541–42
917:1514–15
914:1511–12
911:1509–10
908:1503–04
905:1496–97
896:1488–89
887:1483–84
884:1482–83
881:1477–78
872:1462–63
840:1446–47
834:1441–42
828:1436–37
816:1430–31
765:1413–14
758:1412–13
752:1409–10
746:1405–06
738:1403–04
732:1400–01
718:1396–97
715:1394–95
712:1393–94
709:1392–93
700:1389–90
693:1387–88
657:1379–80
644:1376–77
639:1375–76
617:1364–65
608:1360–61
602:1357–58
590:1351–52
587:1350–51
581:1347–48
560:1339–40
554:1338–39
551:1337–38
548:1336–37
509:1327–28
503:1326–27
494:1323–24
473:1315–16
470:1314–15
449:1306–07
443:1304–05
437:1300–01
405:1291–92
402:1290–91
386:1264–65
185:in 1681
92:
81:
282:
101:Party
411:1293?
408:1293?
262:p. 56
192:Lords
1123:1705
1118:1702
1103:1698
1098:1695
1093:1690
1088:1689
1083:1685
1078:1681
1063:1661
1058:1660
1048:1656
1043:1654
1038:1640
1033:1640
1028:1628
1023:1626
1018:1625
1003:1614
998:1604
993:1601
988:1597
983:1593
976:1586
973:1584
970:1572
967:1571
955:1555
940:1547
931:1539
928:1536
924:1529
920:1523
902:1495
899:1491
893:1487
890:1485
878:1472
875:1467
869:1461
866:1470
863:1460
859:1459
855:1455
852:1453
849:1450
846:1449
843:1449
837:1445
831:1439
825:1435
822:1433
819:1432
813:1429
810:1427
806:1426
802:1425
799:1423
796:1422
793:1421
790:1421
787:1420
784:1419
781:1417
772:1415
769:1414
761:1413
755:1411
749:1407
742:1404
735:1402
728:1399
724:1389
721:1397
706:1391
703:1390
697:1388
688:1386
684:1385
681:1384
678:1384
675:1383
672:1383
669:1382
666:1382
663:1381
660:1380
654:1379
651:1378
648:1377
635:1373
632:1372
629:1371
626:1369
623:1368
620:1366
614:1363
611:1362
605:1360
599:1357
596:1355
593:1354
584:1348
578:1346
575:1344
572:1343
569:1341
566:1340
563:1340
557:1339
545:1336
542:1335
539:1334
536:1334
533:1332
530:1332
527:1332
524:1331
521:1330
518:1330
515:1328
512:1328
506:1327
500:1325
497:1325
491:1322
488:1322
485:1321
482:1320
479:1319
476:1318
467:1314
464:1313
461:1312
458:1311
455:1308
452:1307
446:1306
440:1302
431:1298
428:1298
425:1297
422:1296
418:1295
414:1293
399:1290
396:1290
393:1275
390:1275
280:ISBN
150:Tory
148:and
146:Whig
132:The
119:468
110:Whig
105:Tory
55:1689
50:1685
45:1681
209:or
122:57
1140::
320:.
301:.
240:.
357:e
350:t
343:v
288:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
