30:
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common in the region, the uplifted area became known as the Allah Bund, or Dam of God. The mound produced had a markedly asymmetric geometry, with a shorter and steeper south-dipping margin, about 600 m wide and a dip of 0.65°, and a broader north-dipping margin over 5 km wide with a dip of only about 0.05°.
329:
Sindri Lake, with a surface area of more than 1,000 km (390 sq mi), was formed due to subsidence of up to 3 m (9.8 ft) south of the Allah Bund. Initially, the lake was cut off from the river (damming further upstream had stopped the flow) and was filled with seawater. On the
300:
Modelling of the surface deformation indicates that the fault that slipped during the earthquake dipped to the north at between about 50°–67°. As faults that dip in excess of 50° are normally unfavourable for slip, it has been suggested that there was relatively high pore-fluid pressure developed at
320:
The most obvious topographic effect of this earthquake was the formation of a ridge about 6 m (20 ft) high, extending for 80 km (possibly as much as 150 km (93 mi)) that formed a natural dam across the Puram or Kori River. To distinguish it from the man-made dams that were
292:
Maximum displacement during the earthquake is estimated at 12 m (39 ft), based on the height of the bund and the amount of subsidence to the south. Combined with a lateral extent of at least 80 km (50 mi), this gives an estimated
248:
period, this area was affected by rifting with a roughly west–east trend. During the collision with
Eurasia the area has undergone shortening, involving both reactivation of the original rift faults and the development of new low-angle
207:
caused an area of subsidence that formed the Sindri Lake and a local zone of uplift to the north about 80 km (50 mi) long, 6 km (3.7 mi) wide and 6 m (20 ft) high that dammed the Koree / Kori / Puran /
421:
were also severely affected. At least 1,543 people were killed in the larger towns; the number of casualties in smaller towns and villages is unknown. There was some degree of damage to buildings over most of
297:
of 7.7±0.2. This matches well with magnitudes estimated using both the total felt area and the area of VIII intensity. Other estimates based on intensity measurements give magnitudes as high as 8.2.
479:
542:
481:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
806:
Chung W.-Y. & Gao H. (1995). "Source parameters of the Anjar earthquake of July 21, 1956, India, and its seismotectonic implications for the Kutch rift basin".
334:. After 1826 the river broke through the artificial dam and eventually broke through the bund itself, causing the lake to become freshwater again.
843:"Postseismic deformation and stress changes following the 1819 Rann of Kachchh, India earthquake: Was the 2001 Bhuj earthquake a triggered event?"
899:
29:
289:
activity, with major earthquakes continuing for at least 50 years, including one with estimated magnitude of more than 6.5 in 1846.
1089:
377:
was destroyed by the earthquake and then partly submerged by the tsunami, "forcing survivors to climb to the top of the ruins."
570:
144:
301:
depth to allow this displacement to occur. There is evidence that the Indus river shifted westwards after this earthquake.
187:
occurred at about 18:45 to 18:50 local time on 16 June 1819. It had an estimated magnitude ranging from 7.7 to 8.2 on the
91:
1119:
892:
261:
was caused by movement on a previously unknown south-dipping fault, trending parallel to the inferred rift structures.
1038:
703:
674:
1251:
480:
761:
1206:
1099:
1008:
998:
988:
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942:
656:"Slip parameters for the Rann of Kachchh, India, 16 June 1819 earthquake, quantified from contemporary accounts"
1241:
1134:
740:
484:
456:
1236:
1129:
885:
782:
594:"Source Parameters and Tectonic Implications of Aftershocks of the Mw 7.6 Bhuj Earthquake of 26 January 2001"
908:
451:
543:"Electronic Supplement to A Catalog of Felt Intensity Data for 570 Earthquakes in India from 1636 to 2009"
1221:
1144:
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461:
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1063:
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1018:
922:
1246:
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232:, 300–400 km (190–250 mi) southeast of the plate boundary between the Indian Plate and the
520:
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962:
507:
350:, similar in type to that which is thought to have caused the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake.
343:
237:
854:
815:
712:
608:
554:
358:
361:
and other historic earthquakes that occurred in the region during the intervening period.
8:
370:
858:
819:
716:
612:
558:
269:
The earthquake lasted for two to three minutes. It was felt over an enormous area, from
257:
of most earthquakes is consistent with reverse faulting on reactivated rift faults. The
253:. The related folding has formed a series of ranges, particularly in central Kutch. The
666:
330:
western margin of the lake a small delta built out from the eastern part of the larger
827:
725:
698:
670:
862:
823:
720:
616:
562:
488:
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254:
386:
236:, but the current tectonics is still governed by the effects of the continuing
233:
221:
1200:
762:"Two disasters that defined India's south-west border with Pakistan for ever"
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106:
93:
741:"Indus re-enters India after two centuries, feeds Little Rann, Nal Sarovar"
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209:
204:
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439:
435:
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783:"Anthropocene Metamorphosis of the Indus Delta and Lower Floodplain"
357:
due to the 1819 earthquake may have been sufficient to trigger the
245:
241:
179:
Satellite photo showing location of the Allah Bund and Lake Sindri
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410:
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270:
225:
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398:
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212:. This natural dam was known as the Allah Bund ("Dam of God").
175:
840:
426:, including the destruction of the "shaking minarets" of the
369:
There was a local tsunami that flooded the area known as the
126:
442:, "at least 500 guests were smothered at a wedding feast".
406:
805:
487:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
36:
699:"Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes"
696:
1198:
601:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
547:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
540:
665:. Special Publications. Vol. 146. London:
799:
591:
893:
661:. In Stewart I.S. & Vita-Finzi C. (ed.).
841:To, A.; BĂĽrgmann R. & Ollitz F. (2004).
240:along this boundary. During the break-up of
285:. The main shock was followed by prolonged
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191:and a maximum perceived intensity of XI (
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649:
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16:Earthquake and tsunami in Gujarat, India
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373:immediately after the earthquake. The
203:and caused at least 1,543 deaths. The
881:
634:
527:
697:Ambraseys, N.N.; Douglas J. (2004).
585:
485:"Significant Earthquake Information"
401:suffered particularly heavy damage.
337:
473:
215:
13:
834:
14:
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704:Geophysical Journal International
726:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02323.x
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28:
541:Martin, S.; Szeliga W. (2010).
137:
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754:
743:. India Today. 7 November 2011
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457:List of historical earthquakes
324:
1:
592:Bodin, P.; Horton S. (2004).
467:
304:
277:in the east, as far north as
264:
185:1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake
20:1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake
847:Geophysical Research Letters
828:10.1016/0040-1951(94)00203-L
452:List of earthquakes in India
353:Changes in stress caused by
7:
462:List of historical tsunamis
445:
10:
1268:
364:
313:1854 map of the region by
1181:Earthquake zones of India
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85:
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197:Mercalli intensity scale
1252:1819 disasters in India
1186:Geology of the Himalaya
1120:October 2015 Hindu Kush
355:coulomb stress transfer
315:George Bellas Greenough
259:2001 Gujarat earthquake
1207:Earthquakes in Gujarat
515:Cite journal requires
317:
189:moment magnitude scale
180:
1242:19th-century tsunamis
344:1956 Anjar earthquake
312:
238:continental collision
178:
1237:Earthquakes in India
1100:2009 Andaman Islands
999:1941 Andaman Islands
953:1881 Nicobar Islands
943:1833 Kathmandu–Bihar
909:Earthquakes in India
868:10.1029/2004GL020220
669:. pp. 295–319.
359:2001 Bhuj earthquake
859:2004GeoRL..3113609T
820:1995Tectp.242..281C
717:2004GeoJI.159..165A
654:Bilham, R. (1998).
613:2004BuSSA..94..818B
573:on 11 December 2013
559:2010BuSSA.100..562M
281:and as far west as
103: /
21:
1222:History of Gujarat
1039:1988 Myanmar–India
938:1819 Rann of Kutch
667:Geological Society
621:10.1785/0120030176
567:10.1785/0120080328
318:
181:
19:
1194:
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1090:2004 Indian Ocean
663:Coastal tectonics
338:Later earthquakes
199:. It triggered a
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172:
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1247:June 1819 events
1232:History of Kutch
1212:1819 earthquakes
1145:2017 Uttarakhand
1110:April 2015 Nepal
1029:1980 Pithoragarh
1009:1950 Assam–Tibet
989:1934 Nepal–India
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348:reverse faulting
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216:Tectonic setting
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1217:Kutch district
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1174:Related topics
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67:18:45 to 18:50
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107:23.0°N 71.0°E
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47:
31:
23:
1140:2017 Tripura
1130:2016 Sagaing
1095:2005 Kashmir
1085:2001 Gujarat
1078:21st century
1069:1999 Chamoli
1024:1975 Kinnaur
972:20th century
958:1885 Kashmir
937:
933:1803 Garhwal
928:1555 Kashmir
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789:. Retrieved
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692:
680:. Retrieved
662:
624:. Retrieved
604:
600:
587:
575:. Retrieved
571:the original
550:
546:
508:cite journal
496:. Retrieved
475:
384:
368:
352:
346:was due to
341:
328:
319:
299:
291:
268:
230:Indian Plate
228:lies on the
219:
192:
184:
182:
147:
52:16 June 1819
1135:2016 Magway
1125:2016 Imphal
1105:2011 Sikkim
1034:1984 Cachar
994:1935 Quetta
984:1930 Dhubri
979:1905 Kangra
948:1869 Cachar
791:22 December
767:22 December
428:Jama Masjid
332:Indus Delta
325:Sindri Lake
283:Balochistan
110: /
1201:Categories
1165:2023 Nepal
1155:2022 Nepal
1150:2021 Assam
1054:1993 Latur
1044:1988 Nepal
1014:1956 Anjar
1004:1947 Assam
963:1897 Assam
916:Historical
747:2011-11-07
468:References
371:Great Rann
305:Allah Bund
287:aftershock
265:Earthquake
210:Nara river
205:earthquake
166:Casualties
112:23.0; 71.0
56:1819-06-16
440:Rajasthan
436:Jaisalmer
432:Ahmedabad
279:Kathmandu
195:) on the
169:>1,543
140:intensity
86:Epicenter
72:Magnitude
483:(1972).
446:See also
246:Jurassic
242:Gondwana
146:MMI XI (
75:7.7–8.2
855:Bibcode
816:Bibcode
713:Bibcode
682:2 April
626:2 April
609:Bibcode
577:2 April
555:Bibcode
498:30 July
424:Gujarat
411:Lakhpat
391:Mothala
387:Kothara
365:Tsunami
275:Kolkata
271:Chennai
244:in the
226:Gujarat
201:tsunami
193:Extreme
158:Tsunami
148:Extreme
131:Gujarat
98:71°00′E
95:23°00′N
54: (
673:
415:Mandvi
399:Vinzan
395:Naliya
381:Damage
786:(PDF)
659:(PDF)
597:(PDF)
434:. At
403:Anjar
161:local
127:India
793:2015
769:2015
684:2012
671:ISBN
628:2012
579:2012
521:help
500:2022
419:Tera
417:and
407:Bhuj
397:and
342:The
220:The
183:The
138:Max.
863:doi
824:doi
812:242
721:doi
709:159
617:doi
563:doi
551:100
489:doi
438:in
430:in
273:to
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
