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1890 Manifesto

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Woodruff explained at the general conference where the Manifesto was accepted by the church, "his Manifesto only refers to future marriages, and does not affect past conditions. I did not, I could not, and would not promise that you would desert your wives and children. This you cannot do in honor." Despite Woodruff's explanation, some church leaders and members who were polygamous did begin to live with only one wife. However, the majority of Mormon polygamists continued to cohabit with their plural wives in violation of the
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that "here is no question that, from a doctrinal standpoint, President Woodruff's Manifesto now has comparable status with revelations in the Doctrine and Covenants." Similarly, another writer has stated bluntly that "contemporary Latter-day Saints regard the Manifesto as a revelation." The Manifesto is currently published as "Official Declaration 1" in the Doctrine and Covenants.
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LDS Church's attitude was toward the law against polygamy, Woodruff stated, "We mean to obey it. We have no thought of evading it or ignoring it." Because it had been Mormon practice for over 25 years to either evade or ignore anti-polygamy laws, Woodruff's statement was a signal that a change in church policy was developing.
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because of an erroneous belief that such marriages were legal in those jurisdictions. However, a significant minority were performed in Utah and other western American states and territories. The estimates of the number of post-Manifesto plural marriages performed range from scores to thousands, with
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There is nothing in my teachings to the Church or in those of my associates, during the time specified, which can be reasonably construed to inculcate or encourage polygamy; and when any Elder of the Church has used language which appeared to convey such teaching, he has been promptly reproved. And I
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The ledger of 'marriages and sealings performed outside the temple,' which is not comprehensive, lists 315 marriages performed between October 17, 1890, and September 8, 1903. Of the 315 marriages recorded in the ledger, research indicates that 25 (7.9%) were plural marriages and 290 were monogamous
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I, therefore, as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, do hereby, in the most solemn manner, declare that these charges are false. We are not teaching polygamy or plural marriage, nor permitting any person to enter into its practice, and I deny that either forty or any other
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of God. Since that time, church leaders have consistently taught that the Manifesto was inspired of God. In 1908, the Manifesto was printed in the LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants for the first time, and it has been included in every edition since. A non-Mormon observer of the church has stated
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I move that, recognizing Wilford Woodruff as the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the only man on the earth at the present time who holds the keys of the sealing ordinances, we consider him fully authorized by virtue of his position to issue the Manifesto which has
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In April 1889, Woodruff, the president of the church, began privately refusing the permission that was required to contract new plural marriages. In October 1889, Woodruff publicly admitted that he was no longer approving new polygamous marriages, and in answer to a reporter's question of what the
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The Manifesto was the end of official church authorization for the creation of new plural marriages that also violated local laws. It had no effect on the status of already existing plural marriages, and plural marriages continued to be performed in locations where it was believed to be legal. As
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Press dispatches having been sent for political purposes, from Salt Lake City, which have been widely published, to the effect that the Utah Commission, in their recent report to the Secretary of the Interior, allege that plural marriages have been contracted in Utah since last June or during the
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Inasmuch as laws have been enacted by Congress forbidding plural marriages, which laws have been pronounced constitutional by the court of last resort, I hearby declare my intention to submit to those laws, to use my influence with the members of the Church over which I preside to have them do
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Approximately one year after he declared the Manifesto, Woodruff began to claim that he had received instructions from Jesus Christ that formed the basis of what he wrote in the text of the Manifesto. These instructions were reportedly accompanied by a
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the actual figure probably close to 250. Today, the LDS Church officially acknowledges that although the Manifesto "officially ceased" the practice of plural marriage in the church, "the ending of the practice after the Manifesto was ... gradual."
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The conference proceedings recorded that "the vote to sustain the foregoing motion was unanimous." However, a modern author reports that "at least some voted against the Manifesto and perhaps a majority abstained." Some members, including
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marriages (92.1%). Almost all the monogamous marriages recorded were performed in Arizona or Mexico. Of the 25 plural marriages, 18 took place in Mexico, 3 in Arizona, 2 in Utah, and 1 each in Colorado and on a boat on the Pacific Ocean.
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which disenfranchised individuals who practiced or believed in plural marriage was constitutional. That decision left the Mormons no further legal recourse to their current marriage practices and made it unlikely that without change
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in 1904. Though neither Manifesto dissolved existing plural marriages, plural marriage in the LDS Church gradually died by attrition during the early-to-mid 20th century. The Manifesto was canonized in the LDS Church
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modified Woodruff's draft into the current language accepted by the general authorities and presented to the church as a whole. Woodruff announced the Manifesto on September 25 by publishing it in the church-owned
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Proceedings Before the Committee On Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of The Protests Against the Right of Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator From the State of Utah, To Hold His
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After years of determined resistance to governmental pressure to end , including test cases in the federal courts, hopes waned of receiving a favorable outcome. The most crucial development was the
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been read in our hearing, and which is dated September 1890, and that as a Church in General Conference assembled, we accept his declaration concerning plural marriages as authoritative and binding.
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to have been prompted by divine revelation (although not a revelation itself), in which Woodruff was shown that the church would be thrown into turmoil if they did not comply with it. Some
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in November 1895 and was granted statehood on January 4, 1896. One of the conditions for granting Utah statehood was that a ban on polygamy be written into its state constitution.
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and federal prosecution of Mormon polygamists subsided. However, Congress still refused to seat representatives-elect who were polygamists, including
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past year, also that in public discourses the leaders of the Church have taught, encouraged and urged the continuance of the practice of polygamy—
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now publicly declare that my advice to the Latter-day Saints is to refrain from contracting any marriage forbidden by the law of the land.
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due to disagreement with the church's position on plural marriage. Plural marriage in violation of local law continues to be grounds for
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of 1887. This law disincorporated the LDS Church and authorized the federal government to seize all of the church's assets. The
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The Spiritual Evolution of Margarito Bautista: Mexican Mormon Evangelizer, Polygamist Dissident, and Utopian Founder, 1878–1961
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number of plural marriages have during that period been solemnized in our Temples or in any other place in the Territory.
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Burrows, Julius C.; Foraker, Joseph Benson; United States Congress Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections (1906),
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Mormons. Upon its issuance, the LDS Church in conference accepted Woodruff's Manifesto as "authoritative and binding."
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that the church should cease the practice of plural marriage. The following morning, he reported this to some of the
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The Manifesto ... affirmed the church president's intention to influence fellow members to obey the law of the land.
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Following Woodruff's death in 1898, other church leaders began to teach that the Manifesto was the result of a
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The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball: Twelfth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Essentials in Church History: A History of the Church from the Birth of Joseph Smith to the Present Time
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covertly sanctioned plural marriages after the Manifesto. This practice was especially prevalent in
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The Teachings of Lorenzo Snow: Fifth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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One case has been reported, in which the parties allege that the marriage was performed in the
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The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle
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in September 1890, the Manifesto was a response to mounting anti-polygamy pressure from the
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Rumors of post-Manifesto marriages surfaced and began to be examined by Congress in the
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of the church in Salt Lake City on October 6, 1890, the Manifesto was read, after which
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Less than a month after the Manifesto was issued, the LDS Church used the procedure of
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Late Corporation of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints v. United States
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by the church membership, though many held reservations or abstained from voting.
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The 'Mormon Question' Revisited: Anti-polygamy Laws and the Free Exercise Clause
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Numerous marriages also were performed in international waters on the high seas.
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The Manifesto has been canonized by the LDS Church, and its text appears in the
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Proclamations of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
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Woodruff later said that on the night of September 23, 1890, he received a
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The Manifesto was issued in response to the anti-polygamy policies of the
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Within six years of the announcement of the Manifesto, Utah had become a
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The Mormon Quest for Glory: The Religious World of the Latter-Day Saints
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of Jesus was imminent, after which plural marriage would be reinstated.
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The Most Dangerous Branch: Inside the Supreme Court in the Age of Trump
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The cessation of plural marriage within LDS Church gave rise to the
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Battleground: Women, Gender, and Sexuality [2 volumes]
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and other Mormon historians have documented that some church
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President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
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Evidences and Reconciliations: Aids to Faith in a Modern Day
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Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri
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History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Seeking the Promised Land: Mormons and American Politics
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of what would occur if the Manifesto were not issued.
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Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith
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As published in the October 15, 1890 edition of the
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Carmon (1980), 1465:BYU Religious Education Student Symposium, 2012 426:Timeline of civil marriage in the United States 88:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3531:Works by presidents of the church (LDS Church) 3521:Works originally published in the Deseret News 2128:Solemn Covenant: The Mormon Polygamous Passage 1862:, Salt Lake City: LDS Church, 2010, p. 57 1797: 1054:"The Manifesto and the End of Plural Marriage" 1048: 1046: 1044: 631:president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 533:and placed the hand-written draft on a table. 2319: 1458: 887: 621:to make it binding upon church members. At a 503:In February 1890, the Supreme Court ruled in 459: 1893:, on 1899-05-03, published as Lorenzo Snow, 1786:"Plural Marriage and Families in Early Utah" 1544:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 91. 1508: 1381: 1379: 1377: 671:Aftermath and post-Manifesto plural marriage 2212: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1275: 1259: 1041: 2326: 2312: 2093: 1441:Wilford Woodruff, "Official Declaration", 1148: 957:Criticism of the Latter Day Saint movement 894: 880: 770: 466: 452: 30: 2298:Plural Marriages After The 1890 Manifesto 2159:The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power 2020: 2018: 1933:, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, p. 89, 1619: 1617: 1615: 1537: 1374: 1105: 2705:Black temple and priesthood restrictions 2248: 2131:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1914:(Salt Lake City: Bookcraft) pp. 192–193. 1859:Handbook 1: Stake Presidents and Bishops 1497: 1213: 1977: 1923: 1598:. Oxford University Press. p. 42. 480:federal government of the United States 3473: 2049: 2024: 2015: 1669: 1612: 1591: 1564: 1173:David E. Campbell, John C. Green, and 556:. 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In response, church president 435: 171: 145:and is considered by mainstream 109:, and imprisoned many prominent 3453: 3152:Deseret News Publishing Company 2087: 2043: 1971: 1945: 1917: 1879: 1867: 1850: 1791: 1779: 1767: 1758: 1723: 1663: 1651: 1634: 1592:Pulido, Elisa Eastwood (2020). 1585: 1571:. Broadway Books. p. 423. 1558: 1531: 1452: 1435: 1408: 1324: 1312: 1293: 1281: 1265: 910:, one of the church's books of 3127:Deseret Management Corporation 1670:Cannon, Kenneth L. II (1978), 1253: 1234: 1192: 1167: 1142: 1076: 995: 16:Mormon anti-polygamy statement 1: 3387:Relationship to U.S. politics 2974:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 2193:Smith, Stephen Eliot (2005), 2027:The Mormon Jesus: A Biography 1776:, pp. 167–335 and appendix II 1538:Alexander, Thomas G. (2012). 1333:"Manifesto (Plural Marriage)" 1004:"Manifesto (Plural Marriage)" 824:1978 Revelation on Priesthood 730:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles 633:, made the following motion: 537:would later recount that he, 402:Freedom of religion in the US 156: 1341:, University of Utah Press, 1012:, University of Utah Press, 988: 518:would be granted statehood. 442:Latter Day Saints portal 382:List of polygamy court cases 7: 1149:Hammarberg, Melvyn (2013), 933: 134:U.S. congressional hearings 10: 3552: 3372:Mormon History Association 3162:Beneficial Financial Group 2249:Peterson, Paul H. (1992), 2218:Mormon Polygamy: A History 1788:, churchofjesuschrist.org. 1331:Lyman, Edward Leo (1994), 1002:Lyman, Edward Leo (1994), 776:Title page of 1835 edition 482:, and most especially the 178:A Mormon "Saint" and Wives 20: 3486:1890 in the United States 3447:Latter Day Saint Movement 3424: 3310: 3228: 3196:Perpetual Emigration Fund 3147:Temple Square Hospitality 3095:Church Educational System 3057: 3017: 2940: 2865:Latter-day Saints Channel 2797: 2596:For the Strength of Youth 2517: 2455: 2343: 2260:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 2125:Hardy, B. Carmon (1992), 2100:. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. 1804:Utah Historical Quarterly 1677:Utah Historical Quarterly 1565:Kaplan, David A. (2019). 1338:Utah History Encyclopedia 1274:, 1889-10-27, quoted in: 1009:Utah History Encyclopedia 422:Polygamy in North America 276:Current state of polygamy 236:Mormon colonies in Mexico 118:history of the LDS Church 56: 46: 29: 3414:Kirtland Egyptian papers 3337:Joseph Smith Translation 3201:Perpetual Education Fund 3157:Bonneville International 2536:Apostasy and restoration 2025:Turner, John G. (2016), 1989:, Salt Lake City, Utah: 1469:Religious Studies Center 1399:"Official Declaration 1" 579:To Whom It May Concern: 418:Polygamy in Christianity 406:Legal status of polygamy 153:rejected the manifesto. 90:(LDS Church). Issued by 3270:Historical authenticity 2214:Van Wagoner, Richard S. 728:both resigned from the 570: 314:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act 107:U.S. federal government 76:Anti-polygamy Manifesto 3501:Doctrine and Covenants 3287:Mormon Stories Podcast 2979:Quorums of the Seventy 2710:Curses of Cain and Ham 2477:Doctrine and Covenants 2437:Mormonism and violence 2292:Official Declaration 1 1953:Smith, Joseph Fielding 1629:Doctrine and Covenants 1625:Official Declaration 1 1459:Joseph Stuart (2012). 1403:Doctrine and Covenants 1369:decision in 1890 ... . 1214:Krakauer, Jon (2004). 908:Doctrine and Covenants 854:School of the Prophets 764:Doctrine and Covenants 640: 610: 575:The Manifesto states: 228:Wives of Brigham Young 180:by Charles Weitfle (c. 165:Mormonism and polygamy 151:Mormon fundamentalists 143:Official Declaration 1 99:United States Congress 51:Doctrine and Covenants 3516:Mormon fundamentalism 3367:Mormon fundamentalism 3142:Deseret Digital Media 3115:BYU–Pathway Worldwide 3034:Statistics by country 2848:Humanitarian services 1509:Dan Erickson (1998). 1201:, mormonnewsroom.org. 1130:on September 25, 2015 844:One Mighty and Strong 741:Mormon fundamentalist 736:from the LDS Church. 635: 577: 410:List of practitioners 268:Centennial Park group 259:Mormon fundamentalism 200:Wives of Joseph Smith 21:Further information: 3481:1890 in Christianity 3265:Geographical setting 3191:Ensign Peak Advisors 3132:Deseret Book Company 2816:Especially for Youth 2663:Baptism for the dead 2531:Apostolic succession 2502:Joseph Smith–History 2497:Joseph Smith–Matthew 2482:Pearl of Great Price 2412:LGBT Mormon timeline 2385:Good Neighbor policy 1993:, pp. 447–448, 796:Book of Commandments 784:Sources and sections 60:Official declaration 3404:Joseph Smith Papyri 2811:Cultural depictions 2608:Family Proclamation 2585:Family Home Evening 2251:"Manifesto of 1890" 2188:on October 30, 2005 1979:Kimball, Spencer W. 1838:on October 21, 2013 1712:on October 21, 2013 1642:Marriner W. Merrill 1485:on January 23, 2016 962:Shelby Moore Cullom 707:Reed Smoot hearings 531:general authorities 244:Reed Smoot hearings 70:(also known as the 3354:FARMS organization 3327:ComeUntoChrist.org 3137:Deseret Industries 3044:Less-active Mormon 3029:Membership history 2878:Missionary service 2843:General Conference 2427:Name of the church 2417:Handcart companies 2162:, Salt Lake City: 2119:General references 1983:Kimball, Edward L. 1900:2007-10-25 at the 1876:, pp. 146–152 1449::476 (1890-09-25). 849:List of code names 726:Matthias F. Cowley 623:general conference 605:Wilford Woodruff 539:Charles W. Penrose 488:U.S. Supreme Court 484:Edmunds–Tucker Act 424: • 420: • 416: • 412: • 408: • 404: • 400: • 398:Celestial marriage 380: • 374: • 368: • 362: • 356: • 350: • 344: • 326:Edmunds–Tucker Act 324: • 320: • 316: • 298: • 294: • 290: • 286: • 282: • 278: • 274: • 272:Council of Friends 270: • 266: • 246: • 242: • 238: • 234: • 230: • 226: • 206: • 202: • 198: • 105:its assets to the 72:Woodruff Manifesto 3468: 3467: 3349:FAIR organization 3292:Salamander letter 2957:Russell M. Nelson 2737:Reformed Egyptian 2720:Pacific Islanders 2561:Plan of salvation 2507:Articles of Faith 2405:succession crisis 2365:Anthon Transcript 2154:Quinn, D. Michael 2107:978-0-313-08800-1 2036:978-0-674-73743-3 1605:978-0-19-094212-0 1578:978-1-5247-5991-9 1551:978-0-8061-8795-2 1478:978-0-8425-2829-0 1445:(Salt Lake City) 1227:978-1-4000-7899-8 1160:978-0-19-973762-8 1084:Quinn, D. Michael 904: 903: 802:Lectures on Faith 476: 475: 310:Antipolygamy laws 219:Latter-day Saints 64: 63: 3543: 3536:Marriage in Utah 3460: 3456: 3455: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3314: 3232: 3021: 2984:Presiding Bishop 2969:First Presidency 2944: 2925:Worship services 2908:Tabernacle Choir 2803: 2715:Native Americans 2678:Temple endowment 2673:Second anointing 2668:Marriage sealing 2621:God in Mormonism 2566:Degrees of glory 2523: 2459: 2422:Mormon Battalion 2375:Church of Christ 2347: 2337: 2328: 2321: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2300:– essay by Quinn 2281: 2255:Ludlow, Daniel H 2238: 2209: 2189: 2184:, archived from 2149: 2112: 2111: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2060: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2022: 2013: 2011: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1949: 1943: 1941: 1925:Widtsoe, John A. 1921: 1915: 1891:St. George, Utah 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1863: 1854: 1848: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1834:, archived from 1816:10.2307/45060923 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1708:, archived from 1690:10.2307/45060569 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1638: 1632: 1621: 1610: 1609: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1562: 1556: 1555: 1535: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1506: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1481:. Archived from 1456: 1450: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1412: 1406: 1383: 1372: 1371: 1362: 1360: 1351:, archived from 1328: 1322: 1321:, pp. 63–64 1316: 1310: 1297: 1291: 1290:, pp. 62–63 1285: 1279: 1276:Van Wagoner 1989 1272:Salt Lake Herald 1269: 1263: 1260:Van Wagoner 1989 1257: 1251: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1211: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1126:. Archived from 1109: 1107:10.2307/45225323 1080: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1065: 1050: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1022:, archived from 999: 982:Isaac S. Struble 950: 945: 944: 943: 896: 889: 882: 774: 751: 750: 715:Second Manifesto 687:D. Michael Quinn 565:its constitution 468: 461: 454: 440: 439: 438: 393:Related articles 296:Short Creek raid 208:Spiritual wifery 183: 175: 161: 160: 130:Second Manifesto 95:Wilford Woodruff 92:Church President 39:Woman's Exponent 34: 27: 26: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3420: 3312: 3306: 3245:Book of Abraham 3230: 3224: 3218:Deseret Ranches 3064:Congregational 3053: 3039:Mormon corridor 3019: 3013: 2942: 2936: 2801: 2799: 2793: 2752:Law of chastity 2626:Heavenly Mother 2521: 2519: 2513: 2492:Book of Abraham 2457: 2451: 2355:1838 Mormon War 2345: 2339: 2335: 2332: 2288: 2271: 2245: 2243:Further reading 2228: 2174: 2164:Signature Books 2139: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2108: 2092: 2088: 2073: 2048: 2044: 2037: 2023: 2016: 2001: 1976: 1972: 1950: 1946: 1922: 1918: 1907:Millennial Star 1902:Wayback Machine 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1841: 1839: 1796: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1745: 1731:Flake, Kathleen 1728: 1724: 1715: 1713: 1668: 1664: 1656: 1652: 1640:Diary entry of 1639: 1635: 1622: 1613: 1606: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1563: 1559: 1552: 1536: 1532: 1522: 1520: 1517:Signature Books 1507: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1479: 1457: 1453: 1440: 1436: 1413: 1409: 1384: 1375: 1367:Davis v. Beason 1358: 1356: 1355:on May 30, 2023 1349: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1298: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1270: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1239: 1235: 1228: 1212: 1205: 1197: 1193: 1172: 1168: 1161: 1147: 1143: 1133: 1131: 1081: 1077: 1063: 1061: 1052: 1051: 1042: 1029: 1027: 1026:on May 30, 2023 1020: 1000: 996: 991: 986: 946: 941: 939: 936: 900: 860: 859: 858: 838: 830: 829: 828: 791:Account of John 785: 777: 749: 734:excommunication 711:Joseph F. Smith 673: 660: 615: 592:Endowment House 573: 535:George Reynolds 511:Idaho Territory 506:Davis v. Beason 472: 436: 434: 429: 428: 395: 385: 384: 377:Brown v. Buhman 371:Cleveland v. US 359:Davis v. Beason 337: 329: 328: 311: 303: 302: 288:List of leaders 261: 251: 250: 221: 211: 210: 193: 192:Early Mormonism 185: 181: 159: 84:plural marriage 42: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3549: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3491:1890 documents 3488: 3483: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3462: 3450: 3438: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3411: 3401: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3377:Mormon studies 3374: 3369: 3364: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3316: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3250:Book of Mormon 3247: 3242: 3240:Anti-Mormonism 3236: 3234: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3183: 3181:Philanthropies 3178: 3177: 3176: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3120:Ensign College 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3025: 3023: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2989:Relief Society 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2948: 2946: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2805: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2789:Word of Wisdom 2786: 2781: 2779:Temple garment 2776: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2576:Premortal life 2573: 2568: 2558: 2553: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2527: 2525: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2479: 2474: 2472:Book of Mormon 2469: 2463: 2461: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2392: 2390:Historic sites 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2360:1890 Manifesto 2357: 2351: 2349: 2341: 2340: 2331: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2295: 2287: 2286:External links 2284: 2283: 2282: 2269: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2226: 2210: 2190: 2172: 2150: 2137: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2106: 2086: 2071: 2042: 2035: 2014: 1999: 1970: 1944: 1916: 1878: 1866: 1849: 1790: 1778: 1766: 1757: 1743: 1722: 1662: 1650: 1648:, p. 141. 1633: 1611: 1604: 1584: 1577: 1557: 1550: 1530: 1496: 1477: 1451: 1443:Deseret Weekly 1434: 1407: 1395:Deseret Weekly 1373: 1347: 1323: 1311: 1292: 1280: 1264: 1252: 1233: 1226: 1203: 1191: 1187:978-1107662674 1175:J. Quin Monson 1166: 1159: 1141: 1075: 1040: 1018: 993: 992: 990: 987: 985: 984: 979: 974: 969: 967:Group marriage 964: 959: 953: 952: 951: 935: 932: 902: 901: 899: 898: 891: 884: 876: 873: 872: 871: 870: 862: 861: 857: 856: 851: 846: 840: 839: 837:Related topics 836: 835: 832: 831: 827: 826: 821: 819:1890 Manifesto 816: 810: 808:Word of Wisdom 805: 798: 793: 787: 786: 783: 782: 779: 778: 775: 767: 766: 760: 759: 748: 745: 722:John W. Taylor 672: 669: 659: 656: 648:Moses Thatcher 619:common consent 614: 611: 572: 569: 563:Utah ratified 554:Salt Lake City 549:Deseret Weekly 543:John R. Winder 516:Utah Territory 509:that a law in 474: 473: 471: 470: 463: 456: 448: 445: 444: 431: 430: 396: 391: 390: 387: 386: 341:Reynolds v. US 338: 335: 334: 331: 330: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 284:Kingston Group 262: 257: 256: 253: 252: 248:1904 Manifesto 240:1890 Manifesto 222: 217: 216: 213: 212: 194: 191: 190: 187: 186: 176: 168: 167: 158: 155: 139:standard works 68:1890 Manifesto 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3548: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3297:September Six 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2994:Sunday School 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2939: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2757:Homosexuality 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2747:Birth control 2745: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2700:Black Mormons 2698: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522:and practices 2516: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2487:Book of Moses 2485: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2447:2023 SEC case 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2370:Brigham Young 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2342: 2338: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2270:0-02-879602-0 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2246: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2227:0-941214-79-6 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2173:1-56085-060-4 2169: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2138:0-252-01833-8 2134: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2090: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2072:0-252-01159-7 2068: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2038: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2000:1-57008-484-X 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1948: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1875: 1870: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1787: 1782: 1775: 1770: 1761: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1744:0-8078-5501-4 1740: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1666: 1659: 1654: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1607: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1588: 1580: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1561: 1553: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1534: 1519:. p. 205 1518: 1514: 1513: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1455: 1448: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1370: 1368: 1354: 1350: 1348:9780874804256 1344: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1315: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1278:, p. 136 1277: 1273: 1268: 1262:, p. 135 1261: 1256: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1229: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1210: 1208: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1170: 1162: 1156: 1152: 1145: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1072: 1059: 1055: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1037: 1025: 1021: 1019:9780874804256 1015: 1011: 1010: 1005: 998: 994: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 949: 938: 931: 928: 923: 921: 915: 913: 909: 897: 892: 890: 885: 883: 878: 877: 875: 874: 869: 866: 865: 864: 863: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 834: 833: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 811: 809: 806: 803: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 781: 780: 773: 769: 768: 765: 762: 761: 757: 753: 752: 744: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 682: 681:B. H. Roberts 678: 668: 666: 655: 653: 652:Second Coming 649: 646: 639: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 609: 606: 603: 599: 595: 593: 588: 584: 580: 576: 568: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 550: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 519: 517: 512: 508: 507: 501: 497: 496:in May 1890. 495: 494: 489: 485: 481: 469: 464: 462: 457: 455: 450: 449: 447: 446: 443: 433: 432: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414:Polygamy czar 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 389: 388: 383: 379: 378: 373: 372: 367: 366: 361: 360: 355: 354: 353:Clawson v. US 349: 348: 343: 342: 333: 332: 327: 323: 319: 315: 307: 306: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 260: 255: 254: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 224:Brigham Young 220: 215: 214: 209: 205: 201: 197: 189: 188: 179: 174: 170: 169: 166: 163: 162: 154: 152: 148: 144: 140: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 114: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 89: 85: 81: 80:the Manifesto 78:, or simply " 77: 73: 69: 59: 55: 52: 49: 45: 41: 40: 33: 28: 24: 19: 3397: 3360:I'm a Mormon 3359: 3342: 3322:Bloggernacle 3169:FamilySearch 3058:Organization 3020:Demographics 2870: 2762:Masturbation 2695:Black people 2551:Adam and Eve 2458:Sacred texts 2395:Joseph Smith 2380:First Vision 2359: 2258: 2217: 2194: 2186:the original 2158: 2127: 2096: 2089: 2056: 2045: 2026: 1986: 1973: 1956: 1947: 1928: 1919: 1911: 1905: 1887:Lorenzo Snow 1881: 1869: 1857: 1852: 1840:, retrieved 1836:the original 1807: 1803: 1793: 1781: 1769: 1760: 1734: 1725: 1714:, retrieved 1710:the original 1684:(1): 24–36, 1681: 1675: 1665: 1658:Lorenzo Snow 1653: 1636: 1623:LDS Church, 1594: 1587: 1567: 1560: 1540: 1533: 1521:. Retrieved 1511: 1487:. Retrieved 1483:the original 1464: 1454: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1416: 1410: 1394: 1389:Conference, 1366: 1364: 1357:, retrieved 1353:the original 1337: 1326: 1314: 1309: (1890). 1295: 1283: 1271: 1267: 1255: 1250: (1890). 1236: 1216: 1194: 1178: 1169: 1150: 1144: 1132:. Retrieved 1128:the original 1100:(1): 9–108. 1097: 1091: 1078: 1069: 1062:. Retrieved 1060:. LDS Church 1057: 1035: 1028:, retrieved 1024:the original 1008: 997: 924: 916: 905: 818: 814:Liberty Jail 812:Letter from 738: 704: 685: 674: 661: 641: 636: 627:Lorenzo Snow 616: 607: 604: 600: 596: 589: 585: 581: 578: 574: 562: 547: 527:Jesus Christ 520: 504: 502: 498: 491: 477: 375: 369: 363: 357: 351: 347:Cannon v. US 345: 339: 239: 196:Joseph Smith 177: 142: 124:to become a 115: 79: 75: 71: 67: 65: 37: 18: 3392:Senkyoshigo 3275:Linguistics 2999:Young Women 2903:Tabernacles 2898:Pioneer Day 2802:and worship 2646:Interracial 2631:Ministering 2614:Transgender 2590:Fast Sunday 2051:Shipps, Jan 1895:"Discourse" 1842:January 16, 1716:January 16, 1391:Logan, Utah 665:Edmunds Act 322:Edmunds Act 280:FLDS Church 3511:Manifestos 3475:Categories 3255:Archeology 3213:AgReserves 3110:BYU-Hawaii 3088:Statistics 2943:Leadership 2732:Revelation 2685:Priesthood 2658:Ordinances 2571:Exaltation 2467:Holy Bible 1874:Hardy 1992 1774:Hardy 1992 1646:Hardy 1992 1359:August 14, 1319:Smith 2005 1288:Smith 2005 1030:August 15, 927:revelation 743:movement. 713:issued a " 598:likewise. 523:revelation 318:Poland Act 184:1878–1885) 157:Background 126:U.S. state 111:polygamist 3231:Criticism 3174:RootsTech 3105:BYU-Idaho 3049:Ex-Mormon 3004:Young Men 2952:President 2930:Sacrament 2742:Sexuality 2641:Celestial 2556:Evolution 2546:Cosmology 1991:Bookcraft 1981:(1998) , 1955:(1971) , 1832:254444205 1706:254447400 1124:259871046 989:Citations 972:Polyandry 912:scripture 300:YFZ Ranch 292:Lost boys 103:escheated 3435:Category 3398:Sunstone 3362:campaign 3343:Dialogue 3260:Genetics 3186:Finances 3073:District 2893:Pageants 2873:magazine 2838:Foodways 2821:Feminism 2651:Polygamy 2636:Marriage 2442:Utah War 2432:Pioneers 2279:24502140 2236:19515803 2216:(1989), 2207:70120125 2182:32168110 2156:(1997), 2147:23219530 2081:10726560 2053:(1985), 2009:39304039 1965:48064256 1939:36111479 1927:(1943), 1898:Archived 1824:45060923 1810:(1): 4, 1753:57707347 1733:(2003), 1698:45060569 1523:June 16, 1489:June 16, 1177:(2014), 1116:45225323 1086:(1985). 934:See also 756:a series 754:Part of 719:Apostles 691:apostles 558:accepted 336:Case law 57:Category 3459:Outline 3313:Related 3009:Primary 2913:Temples 2883:Mormons 2871:Liahona 2800:Culture 2784:Suicide 2767:Soaking 2725:Slavery 2541:Calling 2520:Beliefs 2346:History 2257:(ed.), 1985:(ed.), 1430:4795799 1134:June 8, 1064:June 8, 1058:lds.org 645:apostle 147:Mormons 132:during 3280:Origin 2602:Gender 2277:  2267:  2234:  2224:  2205:  2180:  2170:  2145:  2135:  2104:  2079:  2069:  2033:  2007:  1997:  1963:  1937:  1830:  1822:  1751:  1741:  1704:  1696:  1602:  1575:  1548:  1475:  1428:  1345:  1224:  1185:  1157:  1122:  1114:  1016:  920:vision 758:on the 699:Canada 695:Mexico 629:, the 541:, and 182:  74:, the 3078:Stake 2888:Music 2853:Hymns 2826:Films 2400:death 2253:, in 1828:S2CID 1820:JSTOR 1702:S2CID 1694:JSTOR 1422:52–53 1387:Stake 1302: 1243: 1120:S2CID 1112:JSTOR 677:state 525:from 3083:Ward 3068:Area 2962:List 2918:List 2858:Book 2831:List 2690:Race 2275:OCLC 2265:ISBN 2232:OCLC 2222:ISBN 2203:OCLC 2199:LL.M 2178:OCLC 2168:ISBN 2143:OCLC 2133:ISBN 2102:ISBN 2077:OCLC 2067:ISBN 2031:ISBN 2005:OCLC 1995:ISBN 1961:OCLC 1935:OCLC 1844:2014 1749:OCLC 1739:ISBN 1718:2014 1600:ISBN 1573:ISBN 1546:ISBN 1525:2015 1491:2015 1473:ISBN 1426:OCLC 1418:Seat 1361:2024 1343:ISBN 1304:U.S. 1245:U.S. 1222:ISBN 1183:ISBN 1155:ISBN 1136:2015 1066:2015 1032:2024 1014:ISBN 724:and 697:and 571:Text 122:Utah 66:The 47:Book 3100:BYU 2063:114 1889:at 1812:doi 1686:doi 1307:333 1300:133 1241:136 1102:doi 552:in 264:AUB 141:as 86:in 3477:: 2273:, 2230:, 2176:, 2166:, 2141:, 2075:, 2065:, 2017:^ 2003:, 1904:, 1826:, 1818:, 1808:48 1806:, 1802:, 1747:, 1700:, 1692:, 1682:46 1680:, 1674:, 1627:, 1614:^ 1515:. 1499:^ 1471:. 1467:. 1463:. 1447:41 1424:, 1401:, 1376:^ 1363:, 1335:, 1206:^ 1118:. 1110:. 1098:18 1096:. 1090:. 1068:. 1056:. 1043:^ 1034:, 1006:, 683:. 667:. 2610:" 2606:" 2598:" 2594:" 2327:e 2320:t 2313:v 2197:( 2110:. 2084:. 2040:. 2012:. 1968:. 1942:. 1864:. 1847:. 1814:: 1688:: 1631:. 1608:. 1581:. 1554:. 1527:. 1493:. 1405:. 1248:1 1230:. 1189:. 1164:. 1138:. 1104:: 895:e 888:t 881:v 804:" 800:" 467:e 460:t 453:v

Index

Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late 19th century

Woman's Exponent
Doctrine and Covenants
plural marriage
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Church President
Wilford Woodruff
United States Congress
escheated
U.S. federal government
polygamist
history of the LDS Church
Utah
U.S. state
Second Manifesto
U.S. congressional hearings
standard works
Mormons
Mormon fundamentalists
Mormonism and polygamy
Portrait of five caucasian Latter-day Saints, married to each other in nineteenth-century Latter-day Saint polygamy, against the backdrop of what may be a hedge. All seem to be posing; none face the camera. Leftmost is a woman, seated, her hair done in a high, braided bun, wearing a dress with buttons down the middle; in her hands are an open book. Center-left, standing furthest to the back (though still very much with the portraited group) is a woman, her hair done up but resting low, in a polka-dotted top and a scarf or ascot around her neck and a skirt. She carries a hat, held to her waist. Center is a woman, sort of kneeling or seated (perhaps there is an unseen stool she's sitting on?). She wears a white dress, her hair is done up in a high and large bun and she wears a headband. In her right arm she holds a hat, over her knees; her left arm rests on the lap of the man sitting center right. She may be leaning against his legs. Center-right is a man, wearing a suit jacket of some kind and a high-collared shirt. He is balded and bearded. His left hand is placed over the left arm of the center woman. Rightmost is a woman, her hair done up but resting low, sitting in a visibly wooden (likely handcrafted) chair. She wears a dress with buttons going down the middle. She holds a hat, which looks very like center's hat, over her knees.
Joseph Smith
Wives of Joseph Smith
Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy
Spiritual wifery
Latter-day Saints
Brigham Young
Wives of Brigham Young
Late-19th century Mormon polygamy

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