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1892 New Orleans general strike

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with the black-dominated Teamsters. The Board of Trade and the city's newspapers also began a campaign designed to create public hysteria. The newspapers ran lurid accounts of "mobs of brutal Negro strikers" rampaging through the streets, of African American unionists "beating up all who attempted to interfere with them," and repeated accounts of crowds of blacks assaulting lone white men and women.
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in from Galveston and Memphis. But when a call by the mayor for special deputies turned up only 59 volunteers, the employers began training their own clerks and managers for riot duty, offering to pay any costs for a state militia call-up. The mayor issued a proclamation forbidding public gatherings, essentially declaring martial law. Although the city was quiet, the Board of Trade convinced the
2968:(AFL). As many as 30 new labor unions had been organized in the city before the summer of 1892. By late summer, 49 unions belonged to the AFL. The unions established a central labor council known as the Workingmen's Amalgamated Council that represented more than 30,000 workers. Three racially integrated unions—the 3130:
To me the movement in New Orleans was a very bright ray of hope for the future of organized labor and convinces me that the advantage which every other element fails to succeed in falls to the mission of organized labor. Never in the history of the world was such an exhibition... With one fell swoop
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But the press' appeal to racial hatred failed. Violent incidents never occurred, and picket lines were so quiet that the Board of Trade sent men into the streets to try to find evidence of any physical intimidation whatsoever. The employers, with assistance from the railroads, brought strikebreakers
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More recently, however, historians have reassessed the strike's success. Declared one historian, "The failure of the strikers to win a preferential union shop did not detract from the significance of the struggle." The success of the workers in overcoming racial divisions in one of the major cities
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Union pressure increased and a call for a general strike arose. Under the threat, some employers not party to the original dispute broke and pressed the board for negotiations. A tentative agreement collapsed and the Workingman's Council again called for a general strike, which began on November 8
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The New Orleans Board of Trade, representing financial and commercial interests, appointed a committee to make decisions for the employers. The four main railways that served the city and the large cotton, sugar and rice commodity exchanges pledged their support for the Board of Trade. They helped
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Employers utilized race-based appeals to try to divide the workers and turn the public against the strikers. The board of trade announced it would sign contracts agreeing to the terms—but only with the white-dominated Scalesmen and Packers unions. The Board of Trade refused to sign any contract
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to settle the strike. Although they balked at first, the employers agreed to sit down with both white and black union leaders. After 48 hours of negotiations, the employers agreed to the 10-hour day and overtime pay, but not the union shop, nor would they grant recognition to the unions of the
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stopped running. Recently organized utility workers, against the demands of the governor and the advice of the labor committee, joined the strike. The city's supply of natural gas failed on November 8, as did the electrical grid, and the city was plunged into darkness. The delivery of food and
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Members of other unions began to call for a general strike to support the Triple Alliance. A number of meetings were held, during which sentiment proved so strong that a majority of the unions belonging to the Amalgamated Council voted in favor of a resolution calling for a general strike. A
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The Board of Trade was deeply angered by its humiliation during the general strike. On November 13, 1892, the Board of Trade induced a federal prosecutor to file suit in federal court against 44 of the unions belonging to the Amalgamated Council. The federal government accused the unions of
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editorialized: "Labor's Defeat In New-Orleans; The Victory of the Employers Complete." Many histories written in the next 40 years suggested that the strike's "massive" failure led the AFL to reject general strikes absolutely thereafter and remain intensely hostile even to limited strikes.
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on November 10. But instead of a city under siege, militia leaders found the city calm and orderly. Governor Foster was forced to withdraw the militia on November 11. The strength of the strike was reflected in the decline of bank clearings in New Orleans to half their pre-strike levels.
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after two postponements. Each of the 46 unions which joined the strike demanded the union shop and recognition of their union. Some also asked for shorter work-days or higher pay. Around 30,000 union members—half the city's workforce and virtually all its unionized workers—struck.
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The striking workers refused to break ranks along racial lines. Large majorities of the Scalesmen and Packers unions passed resolutions affirming their commitment to stay out until the employers had signed a contract with the Teamsters on the same terms offered to other unions.
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The 1892 general strike helped strengthen the labor movement in New Orleans. Most existing unions gained substantial numbers of members. Three new unions formed during the general strike and affiliated with the Amalgamated Council.
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declared that African American strikers wanted to "take over the city" (a veiled reference to black sexual assaults on white women) and that white women and children were already being harassed by black strikers.
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against the unions. The AFL appealed the case. The injunction was stayed, and the suit delayed for several years. The federal government quietly withdrew its suit several years later.
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beverages immediately ceased, generating alarm among city residents. Construction, printing, street cleaning, manufacturing and even fire-fighting services ground to a halt.
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Downtown New Orleans a year before the general strike. The successful strike at the beginning of the year by streetcar conductors led to a wave of unionization in the city.
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However, subsequent analyses declared the strike a failure, and that unions had "sold out" workers because the unions failed to win the union shop. Just a month later,
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History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2: From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism,
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History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2: From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism,
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History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2: From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism,
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History of the Labor Movement in the United States, Vol. 2: From the Founding of the American Federation of Labor to the Emergence of American Imperialism,
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by engaging in a conspiracy to restrain trade and 45 strike leaders were indicted in federal court for violating the act. A district court granted a
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raise a defense fund and asked the state governor to send in the militia to help break the strike. No negotiations took place during the first week.
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On October 24, 1892, between 2,000 and 3,000 members of the Triple Alliance struck to win a 10-hour work day, overtime pay, and the preferential
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Committee of Five was formed to lead the general strike. Its members included the Cotton Screwmen's Union, the Cotton Yardmen's Union, the
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At the time, the 1892 general strike was considered a success, demonstrating that black and white workers could maintain solidarity in the
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of the Deep South is notable (and would rarely be achieved again until the 1960s), as is the unification of skilled and unskilled worker.
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White and black dockworkers rest on cotton bales. The general strike was successful because of solidarity between black and white workers.
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Cook, Bernard A. (1983). "The Typographical Union and the New Orleans General Strike of 1892".
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Early in 1892, streetcar conductors in New Orleans won a shorter workday and the preferential
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Dockworkers loading and unloading goods on a New Orleans' wharf one year before the strike.
8: 3077: 2154: 1357: 1304: 1180: 396: 3137: 2510: 1593: 1351: 1332: 1144: 1076: 504: 288: 251: 3736:"Labor Trouble In New-Orleans: Leaders Still Determined upon Forcing a General Strike" 1695: 3798: 3721: 3702: 3650: 3631: 3539: 3529: 3506: 3496: 3471: 3364: 3354: 3329: 3272: 3229: 2598: 2170: 626: 584: 498: 481: 402: 300: 3756:"Labor's Defeat In New-Orleans: The Victory of the Employers Complete and Emphatic" 3060: 2973: 2439: 2119: 1568: 1428: 1363: 630: 508: 3665:"Conspiring Against Commerce: Pushing the Suits Against the New Orleans Strikers" 3465: 3323: 3266: 3223: 2553: 2207: 604: 557: 192: 99: 3767: 3747: 3676: 3123: 2928: 2693: 1963: 1458: 1314: 1082: 1028: 705: 487: 3828: 3812:
Shugg, Roger Wallace (April 1938). "The New Orleans General Strike of 1892".
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Cook, "The Typographical Union and the New Orleans General Strike of 1892,"
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On November 9, the press intensified their appeals to racial hatred. The
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Waterfront Workers of New Orleans: Race, Class, and Politics, 1863-1923
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Triple Alliance. Other unions also won reduced hours and higher pay.
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New Orleans Dockworkers: Race, Labor, and Unionism, 1892–1923,
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New Orleans Dockworkers: Race, Labor, and Unionism, 1892–1923
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New Orleans Dockworkers: Race, Labor, and Unionism 1892-1923
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New Orleans Dockworkers: Race, Labor, and Unionism 1892-1923
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Origins of the New South, 1877–1913: A History of the South
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Strong In the Struggle: My Life As a Black Labor Activist,
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Strong In the Struggle: My Life As a Black Labor Activist
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Workers gathered in front of the strike headquarters.
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Labor Conflict in the United States: An Encyclopedia
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Encyclopedia of U.S. labor and working-class history
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Encyclopedia of U.S. labor and working-class history
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Encyclopedia of U.S. labor and working-class history
3153: 2469: 3718:History of the Labor Movement in the United States 2237: 3582:Shugg, "The New Orleans General Strike of 1892," 3826: 3797:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 3131:the economic barrier of color was broken down. 3271:. University of Illinois Press. p. 115. 2677: 2455: 2223: 2088: 1711: 1633: 1391: 1232: 948: 689: 442: 220: 177: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 962: 191: 16:General strike in New Orleans, Louisiana, US 3630:. San Francisco, CA: Straight Arrow Books. 2102: 3696: 3644: 2684: 2670: 2462: 2448: 2230: 2216: 2095: 2081: 1718: 1704: 1640: 1626: 1398: 1384: 1239: 1225: 955: 941: 696: 682: 449: 435: 227: 213: 184: 170: 29: 3792: 3418: 3321: 3221: 3193:New Orleans dock workers and unionization 3463: 3109: 3022: 2978: 2947:gaining most of their original demands. 1246: 234: 3625: 3523: 3490: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3348: 3264: 3827: 3649:. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. 3308:1983; "Labor Trouble In New-Orleans," 3105: 2955: 1647: 3811: 3715: 3645:Brown, Lee; Allen, Robert L. (2001). 3528:. New York: Routledge. p. 1001. 3495:. New York: Routledge. p. 1001. 3353:. New York: Routledge. p. 1001. 3006: 2665: 2443: 2211: 2076: 1699: 1621: 1405: 1379: 1220: 936: 677: 430: 208: 165: 3845:General strikes in the United States 3683: 3375: 3260: 3258: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 2691: 703: 13: 3188:Labor movement and racial equality 3183:Labor history of the United States 14: 3871: 3595:"Labor's Defeat In New-Orleans," 3255: 3206: 3173:1929 New Orleans streetcar strike 3071: 3464:Woodward, C. Vann (1981-08-01). 3322:Rosenberg, Daniel (1988-01-01). 3222:Rosenberg, Daniel (1988-01-01). 3156: 2471:Textile strikes in United States 3835:1892 labor disputes and strikes 3602: 3589: 3584:Louisiana Historical Quarterly, 3576: 3563: 3556:"Conspiring Against Commerce," 3550: 3517: 3484: 3457: 3444: 1582:Patco (air traffic controllers) 3814:Louisiana Historical Quarterly 3697:Filippelli, Ronald L. (1990). 3405: 3342: 3315: 3298: 3285: 3242: 3020:, and the Car Driver's Union. 2239:North American transit strikes 1: 3619: 3076:The Board of Trade agreed to 2950: 456: 3840:American Federation of Labor 3178:Colored National Labor Union 3084: 2966:American Federation of Labor 7: 3860:19th century in New Orleans 3855:Labor disputes in Louisiana 3775:"New Orleans' Big Strike". 3524:Arnesen, Eric, ed. (2007). 3491:Arnesen, Eric, ed. (2007). 3411:"New Orleans' Big Strike," 3349:Arnesen, Eric, ed. (2007). 3149: 2575:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills 10: 3876: 3793:Rosenberg, Daniel (1988). 3784:"The New-Orleans Strike". 3470:. LSU Press. p. 232. 3450:"The New-Orleans Strike," 3328:. SUNY Press. p. 35. 3228:. SUNY Press. p. 34. 3042:New Orleans Times-Democrat 2925:New Orleans general strike 24:New Orleans general strike 3716:Foner, Philip S. (1955). 2703: 2477: 2245: 2110: 1838:St. Petersburg sanitation 1735: 1655: 1413: 1254: 970: 715: 650:US Bituminous coal strike 644:US Bituminous coal strike 611:Indiana bituminous strike 466: 295:northern Minnesota lumber 242: 201: 152: 147: 125: 120: 105: 95: 68: 48: 40: 28: 23: 3626:Brecher, Jeremy (1972). 3199: 2043:University of California 1484:Illinois Central shopmen 964:US manufacturing strikes 589:Battle of Blair Mountain 194:Labor disputes by sector 3164:Organized labour portal 2104:Steel strikes in the US 1089:International Harvester 662:Warrior Met Coal strike 621:Columbine Mine massacre 601:UMW General Coal Strike 581:West Virginia coal wars 568:Hartford coal mine riot 350:California agricultural 114:Overtime pay guaranteed 111:10-hour day implemented 3265:Arnesen, Eric (1994). 3133: 3115: 3028: 2984: 2196:Allegheny Technologies 2128:U.S. Steel recognition 1539:NYC teamsters truckers 1453:New Orleans waterfront 1163:St. Paul Park refinery 595:Alabama miners' strike 554:Colorado Coalfield War 523:Anthracite coal strike 493:Bituminous coal strike 476:Mahoning Valley strike 332:Vacaville tree pruners 3762:. December 12, 1892. 3701:. New York: Garland. 3671:. December 10, 1892. 3128: 3113: 3092:Sherman Antitrust Act 3026: 2982: 2159:Memorial Day massacre 1606:Montreal longshoremen 1533:Minneapolis teamsters 1527:West Coast waterfront 1490:West Coast waterfront 1423:Great Railroad Strike 517:Carterville Mine Riot 389:Puget Sound fishermen 44:November 8 – 12, 1892 3742:. November 5, 1892. 3096:temporary injunction 2624:Lewiston-Auburn shoe 1820:Cleveland convention 1729:in the United States 1545:Vancouver waterfront 1248:Metal mining strikes 656:Pittston Coal strike 617:Colorado Coal Strike 548:Paint Creek mine war 529:Carbon county strike 236:Agricultural strikes 3788:. November 9, 1892. 3779:. November 8, 1892. 3106:Varying assessments 3078:binding arbitration 2956:The Triple alliance 2612:Los Angeles garment 2530:New York shirtwaist 1852:Baltimore municipal 1588:SEPTA Regional Rail 1551:Gulf Coast maritime 1508:Portland waterfront 1305:Colorado Labor Wars 1205:United Auto Workers 1108:International Paper 542:Westmoreland strike 409:Watsonville Cannery 326:Santa Clara cannery 307:Imperial cantaloupe 133:Amalgamated Council 3599:December 12, 1892. 3560:December 10, 1892. 3306:Louisiana History, 3138:The New York Times 3116: 3029: 3007:The general strike 2985: 1905:Broadway musicians 1862:Atlanta sanitation 1832:Memphis sanitation 1649:Sanitation strikes 1502:Seattle waterfront 505:Illinois coal wars 354:Santa Clara cherry 3850:1892 in Louisiana 3686:Louisiana History 3569:Quoted in Foner, 3454:November 9, 1892. 3415:November 8, 1892. 3312:November 5, 1892. 3291:Quoted in Foner, 3248:Brown and Allen, 3063:, to send in the 2918: 2917: 2659: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2434: 2433: 2249:Streetcar strikes 2205: 2204: 2134:Pressed Steel Car 2070: 2069: 1893:Detroit newspaper 1784:Fleischer Studios 1693: 1692: 1615: 1614: 1496:NYC Harbor Strike 1478:New Orleans Levee 1472:Chicago teamsters 1447:Buffalo switchmen 1407:Transport strikes 1373: 1372: 1214: 1213: 1157:Bath shipbuilders 930: 929: 671: 670: 627:Harlan County War 585:Battle of Matewan 499:Lattimer massacre 482:Morewood massacre 424: 423: 277:Seattle fishermen 160: 159: 143: 142: 3867: 3821: 3808: 3789: 3780: 3771: 3751: 3731: 3712: 3693: 3680: 3660: 3641: 3613: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3587: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3461: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3435: 3416: 3413:Washington Post, 3409: 3403: 3396: 3373: 3372: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3319: 3313: 3302: 3296: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3262: 3253: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3219: 3166: 3161: 3160: 3061:Murphy J. 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667: 605:Herrin massacre 558:Ludlow Massacre 462: 457: 455: 425: 420: 252:Thibodaux sugar 238: 235: 233: 197: 193: 190: 139: 134: 132: 64: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3873: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3823: 3822: 3809: 3803: 3790: 3786:New York Times 3781: 3772: 3760:New York Times 3752: 3740:New York Times 3732: 3726: 3713: 3707: 3694: 3681: 3669:New York Times 3661: 3655: 3642: 3636: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3601: 3588: 3575: 3562: 3549: 3534: 3516: 3501: 3483: 3476: 3456: 3443: 3417: 3404: 3374: 3359: 3341: 3334: 3314: 3297: 3284: 3277: 3254: 3241: 3234: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3151: 3148: 3124:Samuel Gompers 3107: 3104: 3090:violating the 3086: 3083: 3073: 3072:The settlement 3070: 3008: 3005: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2929:general strike 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2845: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2762: 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1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1848: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1762: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1708: 1700: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1666:St. Petersburg 1663: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1637: 1630: 1622: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1459:Pullman Strike 1456: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1380: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1327:Copper Country 1324: 1318: 1312: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1289: 1282: 1281: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1229: 1221: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1139:Oil refineries 1135: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1120:General Motors 1117: 1111: 1105: 1102:Todd Shipyards 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1074: 1071:General Motors 1068: 1065:General Motors 1062: 1056: 1050: 1044: 1038: 1035:Flint sit-down 1032: 1026: 1020: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1001: 995: 989: 983: 976: 975: 971: 968: 967: 960: 959: 952: 945: 937: 928: 927: 925: 924: 918: 912: 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 877: 870: 869: 865: 864: 857: 856: 850: 844: 838: 832: 826: 820: 814: 808: 803: 797: 791: 786: 780: 774: 767: 766: 762: 761: 755: 745: 739: 734: 728: 721: 720: 716: 713: 712: 701: 700: 693: 686: 678: 669: 668: 666: 665: 659: 653: 647: 640: 639: 635: 634: 624: 614: 608: 598: 592: 577: 576: 572: 571: 565: 562:The 10-Day War 551: 545: 538: 537: 533: 532: 526: 520: 502: 496: 490: 488:Coal Creek War 485: 479: 472: 471: 467: 464: 463: 454: 453: 446: 439: 431: 422: 421: 419: 418: 412: 406: 400: 393: 392: 386: 383:Hawaiian sugar 379: 378: 374: 373: 367: 361: 358:El Monte berry 347: 341: 338:Wisconsin milk 335: 329: 323: 316: 315: 311: 310: 304: 301:Hanapepe sugar 298: 292: 289:Wheatland hops 286: 280: 274: 267: 266: 262: 261: 258:Cotton pickers 255: 248: 247: 243: 240: 239: 232: 231: 224: 217: 209: 203: 202: 199: 198: 189: 188: 181: 174: 166: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 145: 144: 141: 140: 138:Board of Trade 137: 135: 130: 123: 122: 118: 117: 116: 115: 112: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 91: 90: 84: 78: 70: 66: 65: 52: 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3872: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3820:(2): 547–560. 3819: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3804:0-88706-649-6 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3727:0-7178-0092-X 3723: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3708:0-8240-7968-X 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3656:0-8476-9191-8 3652: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3637:0-87932-011-7 3633: 3629: 3624: 3623: 3612:1955, p. 203. 3611: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3585: 3579: 3573:1955, p. 203. 3572: 3566: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3535:9780415968263 3531: 3527: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3502:9780415968263 3498: 3494: 3487: 3479: 3477:9780807100196 3473: 3469: 3468: 3460: 3453: 3447: 3440: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3414: 3408: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3360:9780415968263 3356: 3352: 3345: 3337: 3335:9780887066498 3331: 3327: 3326: 3318: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3295:1955, p. 202. 3294: 3288: 3280: 3278:9780252063770 3274: 3270: 3269: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3245: 3237: 3235:9780887066498 3231: 3227: 3226: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3205: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3082: 3079: 3069: 3066: 3065:state militia 3062: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3035: 3025: 3021: 3019: 3018:Boiler Makers 3015: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2990: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2794:San Francisco 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2736:First May Day 2734: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2697: 2687: 2682: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2644: 2643:NYC Chinatown 2641: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2569:Ipswich Mills 2567: 2564: 2563:Paterson silk 2561: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2426: 2425:Lyft and Uber 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407:New York City 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2388:New York City 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2376:New York City 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2273:San Francisco 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2233: 2228: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049:Writers Guild 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037:UC Santa Cruz 2035: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1970:Tacoma nurses 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1929:Writers Guild 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1881:Writers Guild 1879: 1876: 1875:Writers Guild 1873: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1814:Writers Guild 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1765:Boston police 1763: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1339:Anaconda Road 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1309:Idaho Springs 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1292:Coeur d'Alene 1290: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1278:Cripple Creek 1276: 1273: 1272:Coeur d'Alene 1270: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1059:Chrysler Auto 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1004:Boston cigars 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 977: 973: 972: 969: 958: 953: 951: 946: 944: 939: 938: 935: 922: 919: 916: 913: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 871: 867: 866: 862: 859: 858: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 807: 806:San Francisco 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 768: 764: 763: 759: 756: 753: 749: 748:First May Day 746: 743: 740: 738: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 722: 718: 717: 714: 709: 699: 694: 692: 687: 685: 680: 679: 676: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 641: 638:1940s – 2020s 637: 636: 632: 628: 625: 622: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 586: 582: 579: 578: 575:1920s – 1930s 574: 573: 569: 566: 563: 559: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 539: 535: 534: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 514: 510: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 473: 470:1870s – 1900s 469: 468: 465: 460: 452: 447: 445: 440: 438: 433: 432: 429: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 401: 398: 395: 394: 390: 387: 384: 381: 380: 377:1940s–present 376: 375: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 355: 351: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 317: 313: 312: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 283:Grabow lumber 281: 278: 275: 272: 269: 268: 264: 263: 259: 256: 253: 250: 249: 245: 244: 241: 230: 225: 223: 218: 216: 211: 210: 207: 200: 196: 187: 182: 180: 175: 173: 168: 167: 164: 155: 151: 146: 136: 129: 128: 124: 119: 113: 110: 109: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 89: 86:Preferential 85: 82: 79: 77: 73: 72: 71: 67: 63: 62:United States 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 3817: 3813: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3759: 3739: 3717: 3698: 3689: 3685: 3668: 3646: 3627: 3609: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3583: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3557: 3552: 3525: 3519: 3492: 3486: 3466: 3459: 3451: 3446: 3438: 3412: 3407: 3399: 3350: 3344: 3324: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3292: 3287: 3267: 3249: 3244: 3224: 3144: 3136: 3134: 3129: 3117: 3100: 3088: 3075: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3030: 3010: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2959: 2924: 2922: 2765:Philadelphia 2745: 2713:Philadelphia 2548:Little Falls 2436: 2370:Philadelphia 2315:Portland, ME 2297:Indianapolis 2291:Philadelphia 2261:Indianapolis 2247: 2155:Little Steel 1887:SF newspaper 1844:NYC teachers 1778:Seattle Post 1569:Longshoremen 1452: 1358:Murdochville 1169:Volvo Trucks 1041:Akron rubber 1017:Tampa cigars 998:Standard Oil 777:Philadelphia 757: 725:Philadelphia 397:Delano grape 364:Great lumber 3586:April 1938. 3437:Rosenberg, 2962:closed shop 2937:New Orleans 2799:Minneapolis 2746:New Orleans 2637:1980s–2000s 2606:1930s–1970s 2593:New Bedford 2581:New England 2518:1900s–1920s 2395:1980s–2020s 2358:1930s–1970s 2351:New Orleans 2339:New Orleans 2333:Los Angeles 2327:Twin Cities 2267:Los Angeles 2184:1980s–2020s 2149:1930s–1970s 2142:Great Steel 2114:1800s–1920s 2061:Video games 2014:) 2018–2019 2000:Los Angeles 1982:Video games 1917:UM Janitors 1869:1980s–2000s 1772:1930s–1970s 1751:NYC waiters 1739:1800s–1920s 1576:1980s–2000s 1557:NYC tugboat 1521:1930s–1970s 1466:1900s–1920s 1352:Empire Zinc 1346:1930s–1970s 1299:1900s–1920s 1187:Heaven Hill 1133:2010s–2020s 1096:1980s–2000s 1011:1930s–1970s 974:1800s–1920s 811:Minneapolis 758:New Orleans 629:1931–1939 ( 507:1898–1900 ( 411:(1985–1987) 399:(1965–1970) 344:Yakima hops 265:1900s–1920s 106:Resulted in 54:New Orleans 3829:Categories 3620:References 3126:declared: 3120:Deep South 3054:Democratic 3034:Streetcars 2989:union shop 2951:The strike 2599:Loray Mill 2499:Mill Women 2487:Mill Women 2177:Nationwide 2171:Nationwide 2165:Nationwide 1954:Government 1935:Stagehands 1826:St. John's 1790:NYC retail 1672:Charleston 1441:Burlington 1207: 2023 1201: 2021 1199:John Deere 1195: 2021 1189: 2021 1183: 2021 1177: 2021 1171: 2021 1165: 2021 1159: 2020 1153: 2016 1147: 2015 1141: 2015 1128: 2008 1122: 2007 1114:John Deere 1104: 1983 1091: 1979 1085: 1954 1079: 1948 1073: 1945 1067: 1939 1061: 1939 1055: 1937 1049: 1936 1043: 1936 1037: 1936 1031: 1934 1025: 1934 1019: 1931 1006: 1919 1000: 1915 994: 1913 992:Studebaker 988: 1913 982: 1877 403:Salad Bowl 148:Casualties 88:union shop 3085:Aftermath 2970:Teamsters 2941:Louisiana 2771:Vancouver 2725:St. Louis 2577:1914–1915 2550:1912–1913 2524:Skowhegan 2401:Greyhound 2279:Pensacola 2255:St. Louis 2120:Homestead 2055:SAG-AFTRA 1966:2012–2019 1958:Wisconsin 1808:Hollywood 1802:Musicians 1429:Camp Dump 1321:Goldfield 1311:) 1903–04 1286:Leadville 1193:Kellogg's 1175:Frito-Lay 1047:Remington 1023:Auto-Lite 783:Vancouver 737:St. Louis 619:1927–28 ( 583:1912–21 ( 556:1913–14 ( 513:Pana riot 459:Coal Wars 415:Frito-Lay 297:1916–1917 58:Louisiana 3768:95024697 3764:ProQuest 3748:94997323 3744:ProQuest 3677:95030340 3673:ProQuest 3544:70878011 3511:70878011 3369:70878011 3150:See also 3057:Governor 3014:Printers 2935:city of 2886:European 2823:Paraguay 2782:Winnipeg 2730:Scranton 2618:National 2554:Hopedale 2542:Lawrence 2493:Paterson 2303:St. John 2285:Columbus 1988:Teachers 1941:CBS News 1745:Newsboys 1151:Jim Beam 898:European 835:Paraguay 794:Winnipeg 742:Scranton 153:Arrested 81:Overtime 76:work day 74:10-hour 49:Location 3608:Foner, 3398:Foner, 2931:in the 2909:Catalan 2903:Catalan 2835:Uruguay 2829:Namibia 2817:Finland 2811:Austria 2805:Oakland 2788:Germany 2777:Seattle 2719:Catalan 2587:Passaic 2419:Toronto 2413:Toronto 2382:Atlanta 2309:Atlanta 1976:Verizon 1923:Umpires 1899:Verizon 1684:Atlanta 1678:Atlanta 1660:Memphis 1329:1913–14 1323:1906–07 1315:Cananea 1288:1896–97 1181:Nabisco 921:Catalan 915:Catalan 847:Uruguay 841:Namibia 829:Finland 823:Austria 817:Oakland 800:Germany 789:Seattle 731:Catalan 664:2021–23 658:1989–90 652:1977–78 544:1910–11 531:1903–04 121:Parties 96:Methods 3801:  3766:  3746:  3724:  3705:  3675:  3653:  3634:  3628:Strike 3542:  3532:  3509:  3499:  3474:  3367:  3357:  3332:  3275:  3232:  3051:racist 3016:, the 2945:unions 2927:was a 2898:Brazil 2862:Guinea 2759:Sweden 2742:) 1886 2557:  2345:Denver 2161:) 1937 2018:Hotels 1960:) 2011 1858:) 1974 1856:police 1759:Actors 1594:Pan Am 1333:Bisbee 1145:Kohler 1126:Boeing 1083:Kohler 1077:Boeing 1029:Kohler 980:Cigars 910:Brazil 874:Guinea 771:Sweden 754:) 1886 603:1922 ( 360:) 1933 271:Oxnard 100:Strike 3441:1988. 3402:1955. 3252:2001. 3200:Notes 2892:India 2880:Spain 2868:Egypt 2856:2000s 2849:Nepal 2841:Spain 2753:1900s 2707:1800s 2481:1800s 2031:2020s 1948:2010s 1417:1800s 1258:1800s 904:India 892:Spain 880:Egypt 868:2000s 861:Nepal 853:Spain 765:1900s 719:1800s 536:1910s 314:1930s 246:1800s 69:Goals 3799:ISBN 3722:ISBN 3703:ISBN 3692:(4). 3651:ISBN 3632:ISBN 3540:OCLC 3530:ISBN 3507:OCLC 3497:ISBN 3472:ISBN 3365:OCLC 3355:ISBN 3330:ISBN 3273:ISBN 3230:ISBN 2933:U.S. 2923:The 2911:2019 2905:2017 2894:2016 2888:2012 2882:2010 2876:2009 2870:2008 2864:2007 2851:1992 2843:1988 2837:1973 2831:1971 2825:1958 2819:1956 2813:1950 2807:1946 2801:1934 2790:1920 2784:1919 2773:1918 2767:1910 2761:1909 2748:1892 2732:1877 2721:1855 2715:1835 2645:1982 2632:1946 2626:1937 2620:1934 2614:1933 2601:1929 2595:1928 2589:1926 2583:1922 2571:1913 2565:1913 2559:1913 2544:1912 2538:1910 2532:1909 2526:1907 2513:1870 2507:1860 2501:1836 2495:1835 2489:1834 2427:2019 2421:2008 2415:2006 2409:2005 2403:1983 2390:1966 2384:1950 2378:1949 2372:1944 2366:1932 2353:1929 2347:1920 2341:1920 2335:1919 2329:1917 2323:1917 2317:1916 2311:1916 2305:1914 2299:1913 2293:1910 2287:1910 2281:1908 2275:1907 2269:1903 2263:1892 2257:1900 2198:2021 2192:1986 2179:1959 2173:1952 2167:1946 2144:1919 2136:1909 2130:1901 2122:1892 2063:2024 2057:2023 2051:2023 2045:2022 2039:2020 2026:2019 2020:2018 1984:2016 1978:2016 1972:2014 1943:2007 1937:2007 1931:2007 1925:2006 1919:2006 1913:2003 1907:2003 1901:2000 1895:1995 1889:1994 1883:1988 1877:1981 1864:1977 1846:1968 1840:1968 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Index


New Orleans
Louisiana
United States
work day
Overtime
union shop
Strike
v
t
e
Labor disputes by sector
v
t
e
Thibodaux sugar
Cotton pickers
Oxnard
Seattle fishermen
Grabow lumber
Wheatland hops
northern Minnesota lumber
Hanapepe sugar
Imperial cantaloupe
Imperial lettuce
Santa Clara cannery
Vacaville tree pruners
Wisconsin milk
Yakima hops
California agricultural

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