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1926 United Kingdom general strike

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332: 505:"Constitutional Government is being attacked. Let all good citizens whose livelihood and labour have thus been put in peril bear with fortitude and patience the hardships with which they have been so suddenly confronted. Stand behind the Government, who are doing their part, confident that you will cooperate in the measures they have undertaken to preserve the liberties and privileges of the people of these islands. The laws of England are the people's birthright. The laws are in your keeping. You have made Parliament their guardian. The General Strike is a challenge to Parliament and is the road to anarchy and ruin". 403: 133: 283:. Britain exported less coal during the war than it would have in peacetime, allowing other countries to fill the gap. This particularly benefited the strong coal industries of the United States, Poland, and Germany. In the early 1880s, coal production was at a peak of 310 tons per man annually, but in the four years preceding the war, this amount had fallen to 247 tons. By the 1920–1924 period, this had fallen further to just 199 tons. Total coal output had been in decline since 1914 as well. 4356: 4344: 3643: 38: 107: 437: 257: 4368: 3653: 4332: 588:, tram services were restarted, with some vehicles attacked and windows smashed. However, not all strike actions in the city were confrontational; a football match, attended by thousands, occurs between a team of policemen and strikers, with the strikers winning 2–0. The supporters included a delegation of 4,000 strikers, which marched to the grounds accompanied by a marching band. 482:, the leading Catholic prelate in Britain, condemned the strike, knowing that many strikers were Catholic. He advised that, "It is a direct challenge to lawfully constituted authority.... All are bound to uphold and assist the Government, which is the lawfully constituted authority of the country and represents therefore...the authority of God himself." 530:: "I do not agree that the TUC have as much right as the Government to publish their side of the case and to exhort their followers to continue action. It is a very much more difficult task to feed the nation than it is to wreck it". Baldwin wrote, "The general strike is a challenge to the parliament and is the road to anarchy". The 584:. That showed that the government was in greater control of the situation. It was also a measure of Baldwin's caution, in place of Churchill's more reactionary stance. Churchill had wanted, in a move that could have proved unnecessarily antagonistic to the strikers, to arm the soldiers. Baldwin, however, had insisted otherwise. In 432:
to refuse to print an editorial ("For King and Country") condemning the general strike. They objected to the following passage: "A general strike is not an industrial dispute. It is a revolutionary move which can only succeed by destroying the government and subverting the rights and liberties of the
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called the Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies (OMS) of volunteers to maintain order in the street. A special constable said: "It was not difficult to understand the strikers' attitude toward us. After a few days I found my sympathy with them rather than with the employers. For one thing, I
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On 12 May 1926, the TUC General Council visited 10 Downing Street to announce its decision to call off the strike if the proposals worked out by the Samuel Commission were respected and the government offered a guarantee there would be no victimization of strikers. The government stated that it had
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was the period between November 1978 and February 1979 in the United Kingdom characterised by widespread strikes by private, and later public, sector trade unions demanding pay rises greater than the limits the Labour government had been imposing, against Trades Union Congress (TUC) opposition, to
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The miners maintained resistance for a few months before being forced, by their own economic needs, to return to the mines. By the end of November, most miners were back at work. However, many remained unemployed for many years. Those still employed were forced to accept longer hours, lower wages,
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of royalties, and sweeping reorganisation and improvement should be considered for the mining industry. It also recommended a reduction by 13.5% of miners' wages, along with the withdrawal of the government subsidy. Two weeks later, the prime minister announced that the government would accept the
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were troubled about the proposed general strike because they were aware of the revolutionary elements within the union movement and of the damage that they might do to the party's new reputation as a party of government. During the next two days, frantic efforts were made to reach an agreement
565:, suggested that means of transport into London began to improve compared to the first day with volunteers, car sharing, cyclists, private buses, as well as strikebreakers. A statement on the front page indicated 200 LGOC buses 'on the streets'. Only 86 LGOC buses, however were operating. 500:". The reaction to the strike call was immediate and overwhelming, surprising both the government and the TUC; the latter not being in control of the strike. On this first day, there were no major initiatives and no dramatic events except for the nation's transport being at a standstill. 653:
The effect on British coal mines was profound. By the late 1930s, employment in mining had fallen by more than a third from its pre-strike peak of 1.2 million miners, but productivity had rebounded from under 200 tons produced per miner, to over 300 tons by the outbreak of the
641:"no power to compel employers to take back every man who had been on strike". However, the TUC agreed to end the dispute without such an agreement. Various strikes continued after this as their unions negotiated deals with companies for their members to return to work. 248:, with many of those who were not miners and not directly affected striking to support the locked-out miners. The government was well prepared, and enlisted middle class volunteers to maintain essential services. There was little violence and the TUC gave up in defeat. 609:, alarmed at the fears of the General Council of the TUC that there was to be a mass drift back to work, claimed: "The number of strikers has not diminished; it is increasing. There are more workers out today than there have been at any moment since the strike began". 572:
was increasingly difficult to operate, as Churchill had requisitioned the bulk of the supply of the paper's newsprint so it reduced its size from eight pages to four. In the meantime, the government took action to protect the men who decided to return to work.
489:. It was ready and able to do whatever it could to keep the country moving. It rallied support by emphasizing the revolutionary nature of the strikers. The armed forces and volunteer workers helped maintain basic services. The government used the 699:
says that historians mostly agree that "In no significant way could the General Strike be considered a turning point or watershed in British industrial history." There have been no further general strikes in Britain, as union leaders such as
633:. In addition, he ruled that the strike in the plaintiff union had been called in contravention of its own rules. As a result, the unions involved became liable, by common law, for incitement to breach of contract and faced potential 704:, who had coordinated the strike, considered it a mistake; they decided that action by political parties was a better solution. However, the country came close to a one-day general strike on 31 July 1972 over the imprisonment of the 536:, the TUC's newspaper, wrote: "We are not making war on the people. We are anxious that the ordinary members of the public shall not be penalized for the unpatriotic conduct of the mine owners and the government". 2655: 628:
granted the injunction by ruling that no trade dispute could exist between the TUC and "the government of the nation" and that except for the strike in the coal industry, the general strike was not protected by
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After the Samuel Commission's report, the mine owners declared that miners would be offered new terms of employment, which included lengthening the work day and reducing wages depending on various factors. The
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Mine owners wanted to maintain profits even during times of economic instability, which often took the form of wage reductions for miners in their employment. Miners' weekly pay had been lowered from £6 to £3
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would not be allowed to enlist in the OMS without first giving up their political beliefs, as the government feared a right-wing backlash so the fascists formed the so-called "Q Division" under
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in 1919, had failed to reach an agreement, producing four different reports with proposals ranging from complete restoration of private ownership and control, to complete nationalisation.
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In the long run, there was little impact on trade union activity or industrial relations. The TUC and trade union movement remained intact and did not change their basic policies.
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miners to return to work, against the policy of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain divided the coal miners as a national bargaining force until the establishment of the
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In the 1970s and the 1980s, "Strikes 1926" was a short-lived restaurant chain in London. The interiors of the restaurants were decorated with photographs from the strike.
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had never realized the appalling poverty which existed. If I had been aware of all the facts, I should not have joined up as a special constable". It was decided that
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On 7 May 1926, the TUC met with Samuel and worked out a set of proposals designed to end the dispute. The Miners' Federation rejected the proposals. The
363:, would look into the problems of the mining industry and consider its impact on other industries, families, and organisations dependent on coal supply. 310:
too strong for effective exporting to take place from Britain. Furthermore, because of the economic processes involved in maintaining a strong currency,
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is set in the period immediately prior to and during the strike. The series emphasises the involvement of revolutionary communist elements including
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between the government and the mining industry representatives. However, they failed, mainly because of an eleventh-hour decision by printers of the
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Saltzman, Rachelle H. "Folklore as Politics in Great Britain: Working-Class Critiques of Upper-Class Strike Breakers in the 1926 General Strike".
816:. In that novel, the half-hearted nature of the strike, and its eventual collapse, represents the political and moral stagnation of 1920s Britain. 3957: 4428: 4388: 3656: 3496: 1628: 617: 485:
The government had been preparing for the strike over the nine months in which it had provided a subsidy by creating organisations such as the
3667: 2272: 4403: 4148: 3702: 3471: 945:, is set in the final weeks before the strike. The issues and factions involved, and an attempt to forestall the strike are key plot points. 670: 290:
was implemented. It allowed Germany to re-enter the international coal market by exporting "free coal" to France and Italy, as part of their
3508: 3401: 3198: 2246: 486: 226: 846:, the retired schoolmaster Chipping calls the strike "a very fine advertisement" since there was "not a life lost" and "not a shot fired". 4232: 3675: 3491: 2344: 335:
Special Committee of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress at Downing Street, ready to discuss the mining crisis with Baldwin
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Gildart, Keith. "The Women and Men of 1926: A Gender and Social History of the General Strike and Miners' Lockout in South Wales",
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Braskén, Kasper. "The British Miners' and General Strike of 1926: Problems and Practices of Radical International Solidarity." in
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UNITE History Volume 1 (1880–1931): The Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU): Representing a Mass Trade Union Movement,
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The TUC feared that an all-out general strike would bring revolutionary elements to the fore and limited the participants to
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The final negotiations began on 1 May but failed to achieve an agreement, leading to an announcement by the TUC that a
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International Communism and Transnational Solidarity: Radical Networks, Mass Movements and Global Politics, 1919–1939
1164:"Forgotten (or conveniently forgotten) reason for 1926 miners strike recalled – Dr Fred Starr | Claverton Group" 1114:"Forgotten (or conveniently forgotten) reason for 1926 miners strike recalled – Dr Fred Starr | Claverton Group" 1089: 2630: 4263: 4242: 4075: 3434: 3213: 2493: 1040: 772: 137: 692:, creating a system whereby trade union members had to 'opt-in' to paying the political levy to the Labour Party. 4284: 4248: 4172: 3588: 3535: 3396: 3341: 3173: 3076: 2555: 2503: 2429: 4103: 4010: 3986: 3849: 3843: 3736: 3697: 3608: 3513: 3419: 3272: 3120: 3108: 3029: 2515: 1784: 1763: 1738: 1713: 1301: 1147: 451:
tried to stabilise the situation and create balance saying, "Try living on their wages before you judge them."
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Shiach, Morag. "The Refusal to Work and the Representation of Political Subjectivity in the 1920s and 2020s."
1754:, explores the playing out of this war during the week of the General Strike in May 1926..." Nicola Wilson, 4133: 4081: 3992: 3903: 3879: 3772: 3760: 3530: 3439: 3378: 3304: 3091: 3071: 2850: 2374: 2360: 2164:
Bulletin of the Committee on Canadian Labour History / Bulletin Du Comité Sur l'Histoire Ouvrière Canadienne
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Shefftz, Melvin C. "The Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act of 1927: The Aftermath of the General Strike."
1012: 455: 878:, the main character, Charles Ryder, returns from France to London to fight against the workers on strike. 744:
was the first novel to feature the general strike and describes its effect on the British labour movement.
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Baldwin was now concerned about the TUC and printers' action interfering with the freedom of the press.
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Oxford AQA history A level and AS component 2. Wars and welfare : Britain in transition, 1906–1957
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composed an ultimately pessimistic lyrical response to the strike, which he incorporated into his long
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On 5 May 1926, both sides gave their views. Churchill commented as editor of the government newspaper
4217: 3260: 3098: 3034: 3024: 3019: 490: 2257: 418:"in defence of miners' wages and hours" was to begin on 3 May, a Monday, at one minute to midnight. 4423: 2525: 478:, as they were regarded as pivotal in the dispute. In a rare political radio broadcast, Archbishop 2294:
A socialist analysis of the strike by the Socialist Party of England and Wales General Secretary,
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A Lark for the Sake of Their Country: The 1926 General Strike Volunteers in Folklore and Memory
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depiction of how events unfolded occurs in the extended passage beginning "I saw a rose come
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in which the older characters often mention the 1926 strike to draw parallels with the long
967:, the protagonist Logan Mountstuart volunteers himself as a special constable in the strike. 496:
On 4 May 1926, the number of strikers was about 1.5–1.75 million. There were strikers "
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to act to prevent wage reductions and worsening conditions for 1.2 million locked-out
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Overview and reproductions of original documents at The Union Makes Us Strong, History of
580:. Lorries were protected by the Army. They broke the picket line and transported food to 8: 2973: 2928: 2920: 2865: 2773: 2708: 2399: 1982: 950: 634: 602: 553: 463: 793:
is set during the strike and describes the events from the viewpoint of striking miners.
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Quinlan, Kevin. "Counter-Subversion: Labour Unrest and the General Strike of 1926." in
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Dukore, Bernard F. "The British General Strike of 1926." Unions, Strikes, Shaw: " in
1801: 1780: 1759: 1734: 1709: 1649: 1610: 1600: 1514: 1482: 1327: 1297: 1293: 1143: 1095: 1085: 898:, Matthew Price's father is a part of the strike, alongside his signalmen colleagues. 736: 625: 581: 544: 422: 386:, the then prime minister, offered reorganisation, which was rejected by the miners. 379: 367: 295: 4028: 3927: 3718: 3603: 3044: 2993: 2803: 2783: 2057:
Saltzman, Rachelle H. "Public Displays, Play, and Power: The 1926 General Strike."
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World Historical Fiction: An Annotated Guide to Novels for Adults and Young Adults
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When mine owners announced that their intention was to reduce miners' wages, the
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Troops on guard at a bus station; each bus had a police escort during the strike
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Quoted by Neil Riddell, "The Catholic Church and the Labour Party, 1918–1931,"
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published a report on 10 March 1926 recommending that national agreements, the
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responded to the news by promising to support the miners in their dispute. The
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Reporting the General Strike: Contemporary accounts of "The Nine Day Wonder"
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Chaloner, W. H. "The British Miners and the Coal Industry between the Wars"
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The First Industrial Nation : An Economic History of Britain, 1700–1914
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rejected the terms: "Not a penny off the pay, not a minute on the day." The
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Gildart, Keith. "The Miners' Lockout in 1926 in the Cumberland Coalfield",
1725:"Heslop describes the miner's involvement in the General Strike of 1926 in 992: 875: 850: 729: 701: 577: 559:
On 6 May 1926, there was a change of atmosphere. The government newspaper,
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The 1926 Miners' Lockout: Meanings of Community in the Durham Coalfield
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Keith Laybourn (1993). The General Strike of 1926. Manchester UP. p. 43
885: 621: 471: 428: 287: 2091: 1568: 1544: 237:. Some 1.7 million workers went out, especially in transport and 2575: 2280: 2216: 1670:
Llafur: Journal of Welsh Labour History/Cylchgrawn Hanes Llafur Cymru
1023: 1018: 1008: 988: 984: 768: 689: 436: 280: 42: 1853:(June 1964) 14#5 pp 418–426, focus on historiography of 1926 miners. 2167: 2162:
Frank, David. "Two Documents on the British General Strike, 1926."
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Lee S. J. 1996 Aspects of British Political History 1914–1995 p 90]
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that lasted nine days, from 4 to 12 May 1926. It was called by the
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Ten Days in the Class War – Merseyside and the 1926 General Strike
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Morris, Margaret. "The General Strike: A Television Documentary,"
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Kiernan, Eugene. "Drogheda and the British General Strike, 1926."
760:, depicts the response of the English upper classes to the strike. 3623: 2028:
Reid, Alastair, and Steven Tolliday, "The General Strike, 1926",
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Industrialisation and Society : a social history, 1830–1951
919:; original airing date, 2 November 1975), to the general strike. 2645: 1136:"Table 29: Coal output, exports and labour employed, 1800–1938" 806:
The strike functions as the "endpiece" of the satirical novel,
279:. Heavy domestic use of coal during the war depleted once-rich 4367: 2174:
Robertson, D. H. "A Narrative of the General Strike of 1926."
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Robertson, D. H. "A Narrative of the General Strike of 1926",
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Writing the 1926 General Strike: Literature, Culture, Politics
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Robertson, D. H. 'A Narrative of the General Strike of 1926'
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Davis, Mary, and John Foster. "The General Strike 1926." in
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The Secret War Between the Wars: MI5 in the 1920s and 1930s
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Mason, A. "The Government and the General Strike, 1926."
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focuses on a woman activist's involvement with the strike.
1941:. New Frontiers in History. Manchester University Press. 1874:(Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022) pp.47–61. 1731:
Writers of the Old School: British Novelists of the 1930s
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Usherwood, Stephen. "The B.B.C. and the General Strike"
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J. Graham Jones, "Ernest Bevin and the General Strike",
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The General Strike: The Politics of Industrial Conflict
1412:"'Why Walk to Work?' The British Gazette. No. 2, p. 1" 1201:(London: Newspaper Publishers Association, 2006) p. 67 324:
over seven years. Coupled with the prospect of longer
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The strike is referred to in several episodes of the
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refused the wage reduction and regional negotiation.
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Borrowed Time: The Story of Britain Between the Wars
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Speak for Britain! A New History of the Labour Party
1595:Thomas, Jo; Willis, Michael; Waller, Sally (2015). 1290:
British Trade Union Posters: An Illustrated History
954:, included an episode depicting the general strike. 1934: 1594: 1244: 1142:(Second ed.). Methuen & Co. p. 449. 888:is a historical novel revolving around the strike. 732:was the first novel to mention the general strike. 624:branch from calling its members out on strike. Mr 576:On 8 May 1926, there was a dramatic moment on the 328:for miners, the industry was thrown into disarray. 294:. This extra supply reduced coal prices. In 1925, 3337:Glasgow International Financial Services District 2359: 45:miners outside the Miners' Hall during the strike 4380: 2152:(Dec 1972), Vol. 22 Issue 12, pp 858–865 online. 539:In the meantime, the government put in place a " 2197:depicts events that led up to the 1926 strike. 1862:(Liverpool University Press, 20210, pp. 65–86. 1545:"The Legality of the General Strike in England" 1357:Two Georges: The Making of the Modern Monarchy. 16:Sympathy strike to support miners' negotiations 1641: 1016:, the story is in the form of an article from 229:(TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the 62:Mine owners' intention to reduce miners' wages 4409:Miners' labour disputes in the United Kingdom 3683: 2345: 2006:Porter, J. H. "Devon and the General Strike" 1022:of 1931, which describes Great Britain under 2247:Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick 2134:TUC: From the General Strike to New Unionism 1704:Peter Humm, Paul Stigant, Peter Widdowson, 1388:. Nottinghamshireexminer.com. Archived from 487:Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies 227:General Council of the Trades Union Congress 70:Higher wages and improved working conditions 1879:Ferrall, Charles, and Dougal McNeill, eds. 1359:London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1988. p. 105. 1326:. London: Vintage Books. pp. 184–217. 1287: 661:The split in the miners that resulted from 397: 3690: 3676: 2352: 2338: 1627:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 36: 2127:The General Strike. A Historical Portrait 2020:(Boydell & Brewer, 2014), pp. 31–54. 1729:...."Rosemary M. Colt and Janice Rossen, 1462:General Strike Day 5: Saturday 8 May 1926 1448:'The British Worker and Paper Supplies,' 1227:. London: The Folio Society. p. 122. 314:were raised, which hurt some businesses. 219:1926 General Strike in the United Kingdom 1929: 1542: 1241:(London: Eyre Meuthen, 1975) pp. 157–160 1188:Vol. 36, no. 143 (September 1926) p. 376 678:Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927 435: 401: 330: 255: 4419:History of mining in the United Kingdom 2646:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union 2586:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914 1506: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1130: 1077: 620:to enjoin the General-Secretary of its 4381: 2061:(Special Issue) (1995) 52(2): 161–186. 2059:Southern Folklore: Façade Performances 2008:International Review of Social History 1967:International Review of Social History 1832:The General Strike 1926: A New History 1800:. Phoenix, Arizona : Oryx Press. 1252:"What was the General Strike of 1926?" 1219: 1029:The strike is constantly mentioned in 271:From 1914 to 1918, the United Kingdom 4429:Labour disputes in the United Kingdom 4389:General strikes in the United Kingdom 3671: 2333: 1905:Harmon, Mark D. "A war of words: the 1756:Home in British Working-Class Fiction 1700: 1698: 1696: 999:In the alternate history short story 719: 614:National Sailors' and Firemen's Union 261:The Subsidised Mineowner—Poor Beggar! 4404:Social history of the United Kingdom 3652: 3369:London Platinum and Palladium Market 2054:. Manchester University Press, 2012. 1994:A Very British Strike: 3–12 May 1926 1883:(Cambridge University Press, 2015). 1510:Nine days in May: the general strike 1464:, University of Warwick, The Library 1439:(London: Cresset Press, 1957) p. 158 1374:https://doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/8.2.165 1316: 1276: 3699:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 1987:Britain between the wars: 1918–1940 1001:If the General Strike Had Succeeded 849:The failure of the strike inspired 618:Chancery Division of the High Court 597:was derailed by striking miners at 392:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 341:Miners' Federation of Great Britain 13: 2213:Lessons of the 1926 General Strike 2156: 2109:. Remember 1926, Coventgarden 1976 2102:Lawrence and Wishardt, London 1976 1815: 1693: 1386:"Nottinghamshire NUM Area History" 1372:8#2 (1997) pp.165–193, at p. 172. 1084:. London: Routledge. p. 206. 375:report if other parties also did. 31:1926 United Kingdom general strike 14: 4440: 3599:Confederation of British Industry 2794:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes 2457:Department for Business and Trade 2452:Competition and Markets Authority 2267:Churchill & The Gold Standard 2227: 1913:during the 1926 General Strike." 1872:The Capitalism of the Proletariat 1370:Twentieth Century British History 616:applied for an injunction in the 498:from John o' Groats to Land's End 378:A previous royal commission, the 351:government, under Prime Minister 4366: 4354: 4342: 4330: 3651: 3642: 3641: 2494:Office for Budget Responsibility 2047:by a leading economics professor 1834:(Pen and Sword Transport, 2023) 1750:"Ellen Wilkinson's first novel, 1223:(2000). "IV Post War, 1918–22". 773:A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle 493:to maintain essential supplies. 138:Government of the United Kingdom 131: 105: 4394:1926 labor disputes and strikes 2430:Governor of the Bank of England 2269:, UK Parliament Living Heritage 2245:, digitised documents from the 2078:The Yearbook of English Studies 2068:67#3 (1994), pp. 105–121. 2032:(1977) 20#4 pp. 1001–1012 1979:(1976) 479 pp; detailed history 1790: 1769: 1744: 1719: 1675: 1662: 1635: 1588: 1575: 1536: 1527: 1500: 1467: 1455: 1442: 1429: 1404: 1378: 1362: 1349: 1340: 1310: 819:The strike forms the climax of 3609:Federation of Small Businesses 1648:. Manchester UP. p. 103. 1231: 1213: 1204: 1191: 1178: 1156: 1124: 1106: 1071: 976:is set amongst coal miners in 650:and district wage agreements. 637:of their assets by employers. 1: 4119:Colliery Officials and Staffs 3703:National Union of Mineworkers 3379:Alternative Investment Market 3359:London Interbank Offered Rate 3315:List of UK building societies 2361:Economy of the United Kingdom 2316:The CP and the General Strike 671:National Union of Mineworkers 4414:British trade unions history 3594:British Chambers of Commerce 3589:British Bankers' Association 2204:60#199, (1975), pp. 224–27. 1959:vol. 11, (1986), pp. 19–26. 1199:History of the NPA 1906–2006 1064: 1013:If It Had Happened Otherwise 644: 601:, a short distance North of 359:, under the chairmanship of 7: 2482:Chancellor of the Exchequer 2462:Financial Conduct Authority 2178:36#143 (1926), pp. 375–93. 2114:The Reign of King George V, 1902:(Sept 2007) 44#2 pp 169–192 1895:(July 2011) 50#3 pp 758–759 1893:Journal of British Studies, 1727:The Gate of a Strange Field 1583:The First Industrial Nation 791:The Gate of a Strange Field 300:chancellor of the Exchequer 10: 4445: 4399:1926 in the United Kingdom 3629:UK Payments Administration 2581:New Imperialism 1830s–1945 2405:Government-owned companies 2288:at Sheffield City Council. 2107:Remember 1926. A book list 2090:29#3 (1967), pp. 387–406. 1937:The General Strike of 1926 1708:. London, Routledge, 2013 1645:The General Strike of 1926 857:" (published 1938), which 265:Trade Union Unity Magazine 18: 4272: 4096: 4061: 3978: 3817: 3710: 3637: 3572: 3389: 3288: 3153: 3146: 3062: 2992: 2919: 2894: 2742: 2731: 2704:National champions policy 2699:Recessions and recoveries 2676: 2616:1979 Winter of Discontent 2551:1659–1849 Navigation Acts 2543: 2534: 2526:UK Trade & Investment 2435:Monetary Policy Committee 2413: 2367: 2223:, Marxism festival, 1996. 2166:no. 5, (1978), pp. 8–11. 2066:Anthropological Quarterly 2050:Saltzman, Rachelle Hope. 2043:(1926) 36#143 pp 375–393 2010:23#3 (1978), pp. 333–56. 1844:(Brill, 2017) pp.168–190. 1507:Patrick, Renshaw (1975). 1046:The fourth series of the 1041:miners' strike of 1984–85 996:is devoted to the strike. 665:and the agreement of the 491:Emergency Powers Act 1920 251: 198: 193: 161: 156: 97: 92: 84: 74: 66: 58: 50: 35: 30: 2641:2009 bank rescue package 2636:2008 bank rescue package 2601:1929–39 Great Depression 2472:HM Revenue & Customs 2380:Employee-owned companies 2275:in Autumn 2006 issue of 2254:at Spartacus Educational 2185: 2100:The General Strike 1926. 1543:Goodhart, A. L. (1927). 1513:. Taylor & Francis. 771:poem of the same year, " 556:to combat the strikers. 398:General strike, May 1926 4149:Lancashire and Cheshire 2809:List of counties by GVA 2591:1873–79 Long Depression 2556:Agricultural Revolution 2521:UK Statistics Authority 2324:International Socialism 2310:International Socialism 1969:14#1 (1969), pp. 1–21. 1642:Keith Laybourn (1993). 1210:Robertson, D. H. p. 377 970:Robert Rae's 2012 film 631:Trade Disputes Act 1906 480:Francis Cardinal Bourne 292:reparations for the war 21:1926 Binny Mills strike 3619:Institute of Directors 3584:Business organisations 3509:Science and technology 3402:International students 3114:Working Time Directive 2487:Debt Management Office 2145:The History Press 2007 2088:The Review of Politics 2080:50.1 (2020): 166–180. 1416:wdc.contentdm.oclc.org 1166:. Claverton-energy.com 1078:Hopkins, Eric (2000). 917:Series Five, episode 9 507: 441: 411: 336: 268: 3614:Industry trade groups 3374:London Stock Exchange 3364:London Metal Exchange 3131:Trades Union Congress 2824:East London Tech City 2668:Cost-of-living crisis 2606:1948–52 Marshall Plan 2561:Industrial Revolution 2238:Trades Union Congress 1917:60.3 (2019): 193–202. 1672:(2001) 8#2 pp 97–103. 1186:The Economic Journal 911:devoted an episode, " 503: 439: 405: 345:Trades Union Congress 334: 259: 112:Trades Union Congress 4238:Mid and West Lothian 4233:Mid and East Lothian 4097:Affiliates and areas 3408:Entertainment & 2631:Late-2000s recession 2626:1992 Black Wednesday 2566:Financial Revolution 2395:FTSE Fledgling Index 2191:The 1975 BBC series 2176:The Economic Journal 1779:. Glendaruel, 1999, 1775:Christopher Harvie, 1683:"Pentonville voices" 1549:The Yale Law Journal 1288:Rodney Mace (1999). 1118:claverton-energy.com 913:The Nine Days Wonder 908:Upstairs, Downstairs 871:Brideshead Revisited 863:The Bells of Rhymney 861:made into the song " 825:Lewis Grassic Gibbon 783:oot..." (line 1119). 713:Winter of Discontent 591:On 11 May 1926, the 4168:North Staffordshire 3979:General Secretaries 3104:Equal opportunities 2709:Economic liberalism 2611:1974 Three-Day Week 2596:1926 general strike 2400:FTSE SmallCap Index 2286:General Strike 1926 2036:, on historiography 1983:Mowat, Charles Loch 983:The fourth part of 951:The House of Eliott 868:In the 1945 novel, 853:to write "Bells of 716:control inflation. 603:Newcastle upon Tyne 554:Rotha Lintorn-Orman 421:The leaders of the 302:, reintroduced the 3519:Telecommunications 2684:Economic geography 2302:The General Strike 2258:The General Strike 2252:The General Strike 2234:The General Strike 2116:(1936) pp 351–368. 2098:Skelley, Jeffrey. 2030:Historical Journal 1977:The General Strike 1975:Morris, Margaret. 1926:(2008) pp 115–142. 1796:Lynda G. Adamson, 1733:. Springer, 1992. 1479:The New York Times 1452:(8 May 1926), p. 4 1437:The General Strike 1239:The General Strike 980:during the strike. 941:, a 2007 novel by 865:" (recorded 1958). 843:Goodbye, Mr. Chips 750:, a 1928 novel by 720:In popular culture 545:special constables 442: 412: 384:David Lloyd George 361:Sir Herbert Samuel 337: 269: 231:British government 144:Conservative Party 118:Miners' Federation 4318: 4317: 3665: 3664: 3568: 3567: 3347:Lloyd's of London 3058: 3057: 3030:Industrialisation 2944:Industrialisation 2727: 2726: 2656:COVID-19 pandemic 2576:1815–46 Corn Laws 2141:Turnbull, Tommy. 1989:(1955) pp 284–338 1922:Hattersley, Roy. 1900:Northern History, 1333:978-0-09-952078-8 1294:Sutton Publishing 1225:England 1914–1945 1007:contained in the 929:You Rang, M'Lord? 833:series of novels. 460:transport workers 410:during the strike 380:Sankey Commission 368:Samuel Commission 296:Winston Churchill 215: 214: 211: 210: 152: 151: 122:Sympathy strikers 88:Strike called off 4436: 4373:Organised labour 4371: 4370: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4347: 4346: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4326: 4254:South Derbyshire 4223:Fife and Kinross 4159:Midland Counties 3692: 3685: 3678: 3669: 3668: 3655: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3604:Co-operatives UK 3194:Hydroelectricity 3169:Renewable energy 3151: 3150: 3035:Renewable energy 3016: 2964:Renewable energy 2752:Atlantic Gateway 2740: 2739: 2571:Panic of 1796–97 2541: 2540: 2354: 2347: 2340: 2331: 2330: 2132:Taylor, Robert. 2112:Somervell, D.C. 2041:Economic Journal 1952: 1940: 1830:Brandon, David. 1821:Barron, Hester. 1809: 1794: 1788: 1773: 1767: 1748: 1742: 1723: 1717: 1706:Popular Fictions 1702: 1691: 1690: 1679: 1673: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1618: 1592: 1586: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1446: 1440: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1382: 1376: 1366: 1360: 1355:David Sinclair, 1353: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1285: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1248: 1242: 1235: 1229: 1228: 1221:Taylor, A. J. P. 1217: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1197:Griffiths, D. A 1195: 1189: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1075: 1050:television show 892:Raymond Williams 757:The Forsyte Saga 754:that is part of 706:Pentonville Five 682:sympathy strikes 656:Second World War 520: 357:Royal Commission 306:. This made the 204:1.5–1.75 million 200: 199: 136: 135: 110: 109: 108: 99: 98: 40: 28: 27: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4424:May 1926 events 4379: 4378: 4377: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4268: 4209:Nottinghamshire 4092: 4057: 3974: 3818:Vice-Presidents 3813: 3706: 3696: 3666: 3661: 3633: 3576: 3574: 3564: 3472:Pharmaceuticals 3385: 3300:Baltic Exchange 3291: 3284: 3156: 3142: 3064: 3054: 3010: 2988: 2915: 2897: 2890: 2735: 2733: 2723: 2719:Nationalisation 2672: 2530: 2425:Bank of England 2417: 2415: 2409: 2363: 2358: 2230: 2188: 2159: 2157:Primary sources 2105:Smith, Harold. 1999:Phillips, G A. 1992:Perkins, Anne. 1949: 1931:Laybourn, Keith 1907:British Gazette 1818: 1816:Further reading 1813: 1812: 1795: 1791: 1777:Travelling Scot 1774: 1770: 1749: 1745: 1724: 1720: 1703: 1694: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1640: 1636: 1620: 1619: 1607: 1593: 1589: 1580: 1576: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1521: 1505: 1501: 1491: 1489: 1473: 1472: 1468: 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King 936: 933: 920: 899: 896:Border Country 894:'s 1960 novel 889: 879: 866: 847: 840:'s 1934 novel 834: 827:, part of his 817: 804: 799:'s 1929 novel 794: 789:'s 1929 novel 784: 761: 745: 733: 721: 718: 697:Keith Laybourn 646: 643: 607:British Worker 570:British Worker 533:British Worker 514:, 6 May 1926, 502: 416:general strike 399: 396: 312:interest rates 253: 250: 239:heavy industry 223:general strike 213: 212: 209: 208: 206: 203: 196: 195: 191: 190: 178: 166:Walter Citrine 163: 162: 159: 158: 154: 153: 150: 149: 147: 146: 128: 126: 124: 123: 120: 102: 95: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 79:General strike 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4441: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4262: 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3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3310:List of banks 3308: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3287: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3204:North Sea oil 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3126:Trades unions 3124: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2918: 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2505: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2375:Co-operatives 2373: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2325: 2321: 2320:Duncan Hallas 2317: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2222: 2221:Duncan Hallas 2218: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2151: 2150:History Today 2147: 2144: 2143:A Miners Life 2140: 2139: 2136:(2000) 313 pp 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2049: 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Retrieved 1478: 1469: 1457: 1449: 1444: 1436: 1431: 1419:. Retrieved 1415: 1406: 1394:. Retrieved 1390:the original 1380: 1369: 1364: 1356: 1351: 1342: 1322: 1318:Pugh, Martin 1312: 1289: 1267:, retrieved 1255: 1246: 1238: 1237:Renshaw, P. 1233: 1224: 1215: 1206: 1198: 1193: 1185: 1180: 1168:. Retrieved 1158: 1139: 1126: 1117: 1108: 1080: 1073: 1051: 1034: 1017: 1011: 1000: 993:Days of Hope 991: 971: 965:William Boyd 958: 949: 938: 927: 906: 881: 876:Evelyn Waugh 869: 851:Idris Davies 841: 838:James Hilton 828: 820: 807: 800: 790: 755: 747: 735: 730:Philip Gibbs 725: 710: 702:Ernest Bevin 694: 675: 660: 652: 648: 639: 611: 606: 592: 590: 578:London Docks 575: 569: 567: 560: 558: 538: 531: 525: 523: 515: 508: 504: 495: 484: 476:steelworkers 453: 446: 443: 427: 423:Labour Party 420: 413: 388: 377: 365: 349:Conservative 338: 320: 316: 285: 273:participated 270: 264: 260: 243: 218: 216: 179: 164: 157:Lead figures 129: 103: 25: 4259:South Wales 4228:Lanarkshire 4204:North Wales 4070:En. 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Jones 3743:Richards 3647:Category 3575:business 3541:Aviation 3514:Internet 3420:Gambling 3327:The City 3292:services 3273:Forestry 3256:Scottish 3247:Fishing 3189:Fracking 3121:Pensions 2929:Aberdeen 2921:Scotland 2896:Northern 2866:Somerset 2774:Cornwall 2734:regions, 2732:Nations, 2516:Taxation 2045:in JSTOR 2034:in JSTOR 1933:(1993). 1808:. p. 256 1269:27 April 1257:BBC News 1134:(1983). 1100:48138212 1033:'s book 987:'s film 586:Plymouth 550:fascists 464:printers 449:George V 181:George V 4323:Portals 4273:Strikes 4178:Pelsall 4114:Cokemen 4104:Bristol 4076:Abraham 4053:Kitchen 4041:Vacant? 4017:Paynter 3958:Stanley 3934:McGahey 3892:Lawther 3832:Smillie 3791:Gormley 3767:Lawther 3731:Smillie 3719:Pickard 3657:Commons 3624:Make UK 3531:Tourism 3497:Housing 3477:Exports 3440:Theatre 3305:Banking 3251:English 3147:Sectors 3092:Poverty 3045:Tourism 3040:Swansea 3025:History 3020:Fishing 3007:Cardiff 2974:Tourism 2954:History 2949:Fishing 2906:Belfast 2898:Ireland 2876:Tourism 2851:Reading 2799:Fishing 2779:Croydon 2769:Bristol 2744:England 2536:History 2509:Coinage 2202:History 2082:excerpt 1957:Saothar 1741:. p. 46 1421:20 June 1048:BBC Two 926:sitcom 905:series 855:Rhymney 775:". 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Index

1926 Binny Mills strike

Tyldesley
General strike
Trades Union Congress
Miners' Federation
United Kingdom
Government of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party
Walter Citrine
A. J. Cook
Jessie Eden
George V
Stanley Baldwin
general strike
General Council of the Trades Union Congress
British government
coal miners
heavy industry
sympathy strike

participated
World War I
seams
Dawes Plan
reparations for the war
Winston Churchill
chancellor of the Exchequer
gold standard
British pound

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