304:, organized a relief team of 34 soldiers, and was on an emergency committee for responding. He was charged with overseeing the restoration of railroads and water to the city, and chaired a food relief committee that provided 24,000 rations daily by April 24. The American Red Cross initially provided $ 10,000 towards relief, before increasing the amount to $ 100,000. People from Mexico and Panama, as well as other Central American countries, were sent to assist in relief and rebuilding efforts. America flew in medical supplies, working to prevent the outbreak of various diseases.
39:
60:
27:
46:
279:
The earthquake caused a large fire, which burned for five days, destroying 33 blocks in "the richest and most important area of the city". Around 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) of the city were seriously damaged and a further 23 square kilometres (8.9 sq mi) saw "minor damage".
318:
reported that "the
Nicaraguan capital Is slowly emerging from ruins caused by 1931 earthquake". Rents fell by 40% in the year following the earthquake, and the city had slowly been rebuilding. Efforts were hampered by a lack of funding. The city was eventually rebuilt in the
271:
The earthquake hit
Managua at 10:10 or 10:19 AM on 31 March, and caused cracks to spread throughout the western side of the city. East Managua was largely untouched. The main quake's duration was around 5 to 6 seconds. The quake was largely centered in Managua.
284:
and most of the nation's archives were destroyed. The city, which at the time had a population of around 60,000 people, saw the vast majority—an estimated 35,000 or 45,000 left homeless. Ernest J. Swift, the director of relief efforts undertaken by the
263:). Between 1,000 and 2,450 people were killed. A major fire started and destroyed thousands of structures, burning into the next day. At least 45,000 were left homeless and losses of $ 35 million were recorded.
281:
289:, estimated damages at around $ 15 million, though other estimates range as high as $ 30 or $ 35 million. The most deaths occurred in the city's penitentiary.
772:
38:
296:
immediately began working to restore order in
Managua. American navy soldiers established a hospital while army soldiers fought the fire.
744:
218:
1097:
256:
765:
628:
161:
726:
1103:
644:"MANAGUA DELAYED BY LACK OF MONEY: But the Nicaraguan Capital Is Slowly Emerging From Ruins Caused by 1931 Earthquake".
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Kates, Robert W.; Haas, J. Eugene; Amaral, Daniel J.; Olson, Robert A.; Ramos, Reyes; Olson, Richard (1973).
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822:
804:
413:
618:
586:
386:
1170:
1112:
1032:
910:
740:
89:
727:
American
Assistance Following The Destruction Of Managua By The Earthquake Of March 31, 1931
563:
536:
795:
478:
8:
1201:
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518:
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314:
297:
286:
273:
682:
624:
542:
510:
494:
425:
1257:
672:
522:
486:
417:
661:"De-centring Managua: post-earthquake reconstruction and revolution in Nicaragua"
490:
706:""A Wet, Nasty Job": Army Engineers and the Nicaragua Canal Survey of 1929–1931"
421:
677:
660:
1241:
686:
498:
176:
163:
588:
The United States and
Nicaragua: A Survey of the Relations from 1909 to 1932
750:
514:
565:
Engineering Report on the
Managua Earthquake of 23 December 1972: A Report
363:
506:
466:
26:
410:
The
Seismicity of Central America – A Descriptive Catalogue 1898–1995
248:
196:
620:
The Savage Wars Of Peace: Small Wars And The Rise Of
American Power
252:
541:. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. 1973. p. 7.
365:
ISC-GEM Global
Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2013)
255:
on 31 March. It had a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum
600:
598:
280:
All major government buildings in the city except for the
736:
595:
591:. United States Department of State. 1932. p. 112.
1225:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
947:(8.2 & 7.7 & 7.0, June 3 & 18 & 22)
464:
538:Managua, Nicaragua Earthquake of December 23, 1972
59:
1239:
561:
1230:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
444:
442:
440:
404:
766:
713:Society for History in the Federal Government
780:
562:Sozen, Mete Avni; Matthiesen, R. B. (1975).
437:
380:
378:
266:
773:
759:
568:. National Academy of Sciences. p. 6.
300:, an American soldier who was leading the
25:
676:
357:
355:
353:
137:
703:
604:
467:"Human Impact of the Managua Earthquake"
398:
375:
1240:
350:
754:
616:
581:
579:
577:
575:
460:
458:
456:
454:
384:
658:
361:
13:
737:International Seismological Centre
370:International Seismological Centre
16:March 1931 earthquake in Nicaragua
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1279:
720:
572:
451:
338:List of earthquakes in Nicaragua
58:
44:
37:
697:
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610:
393:United States Geological Survey
211:
45:
731:University of Wisconsin System
555:
529:
1:
704:Brodhead, Michael J. (2013).
343:
321:Spanish Colonial architecture
307:
623:. Basic Books. p. 248.
491:10.1126/science.182.4116.981
388:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
7:
659:Lee, David Johnson (2015).
448:Toronto Star, April 1, 1931
333:List of earthquakes in 1931
326:
10:
1284:
422:10.1142/9781848160118_0001
385:USGS (September 4, 2009),
282:National Bank of Nicaragua
1220:
1183:
1152:
1088:
1051:
987:
935:
856:
786:
678:10.1017/S0963926815000577
292:American marines and the
245:1931 Nicaragua earthquake
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210:
202:
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155:
151:15 km (9.3 mi)
147:
131:
123:
108:
95:
82:
71:
33:
24:
20:1931 Nicaragua earthquake
1248:Earthquakes in Nicaragua
781:Earthquakes in the 1930s
617:Boot, Max (2014-03-11).
267:Earthquake and aftermath
408:; Adams, R. D. (2000),
112:31 March 1931
414:Imperial College Press
302:Nicaragua Canal Survey
1098:Erdek–Marmara Islands
391:, Version 2008_06.1,
483:1973Sci...182..981K
173: /
78:1931-03-31 16:02:19
21:
1063:(8.0, January 15)
745:authoritative data
646:The New York Times
315:The New York Times
287:American Red Cross
276:, was unaffected.
274:Granada, Nicaragua
19:
1268:March 1931 events
1263:1931 in Nicaragua
1235:
1234:
648:. March 20, 1932.
630:978-0-465-03866-4
607:, pp. 28–29.
477:(4116): 981–990.
241:
240:
237:45,000 displaced
1275:
1253:1931 earthquakes
1104:Shinchiku-Taichū
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298:Daniel I. Sultan
294:Guardia Nacional
251:'s capital city
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1084:
1081:(6.6, March 12)
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779:
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312:In March 1932,
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177:12.57°N 87.45°W
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1215:
1214:
1210:(7.8, Dec 27)
1205:
1199:
1195:(7.9, Jan 25)
1189:
1187:
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1178:
1177:
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1164:(7.3, Jul 26)
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1149:
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1140:
1134:
1128:
1124:(7.7, May 31)
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1101:
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1076:
1070:
1057:
1055:
1049:
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1030:
1026:(7.7, Jun 24)
1021:
1017:(6.4, Apr 23)
1012:
1008:(6.4, Mar 10)
1003:
993:
991:
985:
984:
982:
981:
977:(7.6, Dec 25)
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969:Cedar Mountain
966:
962:(7.0 Sept 26)
957:
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939:
933:
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917:
913:(7.9, Aug 10)
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892:(5.6, Mar 31)
887:
878:
872:
868:(7.8, Jan 15)
862:
860:
854:
853:
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850:
841:
837:(7.3, Nov 26)
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820:
816:(6.6, July 3)
811:
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721:External links
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928:(7.3, Sep 25)
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909:
907:(6.1, June 7)
906:
903:
901:(6.5, Apr 27)
900:
897:
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883:(7.8, Feb 3)
882:
879:
877:(7.6, Jan 28)
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825:(7.1, July 3)
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1139:(6.1, Nov 1)
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1100:(7.4, Jan 4)
1075:(7.6, Mar 5)
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362:ISC (2017),
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203:Total damage
1137:Timiskaming
881:Hawke's Bay
247:devastated
220:MSK-64 VI (
180: /
86: event
1242:Categories
1042:Baffin Bay
1006:Long Beach
829:Senigallia
344:References
308:Rebuilding
232:Casualties
116:1931-03-31
75: time
905:North Sea
890:Nicaragua
875:Myitkyina
835:North Izu
687:0963-9268
499:0036-8075
249:Nicaragua
214:intensity
197:Nicaragua
156:Epicenter
132:Magnitude
1208:Erzincan
1073:Pahiatua
960:Ierissos
899:Zangezur
515:17833779
327:See also
1258:Managua
1193:Chillán
1162:Orizaba
1143:Sumatra
1024:Sumatra
997:Sanriku
975:Changma
945:Jalisco
926:Sumatra
814:Irpinia
743:and/or
523:4651162
507:1737804
479:Bibcode
471:Science
323:style.
259:of VI (
253:Managua
168:87°27′W
165:12°34′N
114: (
52:Managua
1131:Helena
1122:Quetta
954:Eureka
866:Oaxaca
823:Dhubri
805:Salmas
739:has a
685:
627:
545:
521:
513:
505:
497:
428:
261:Strong
222:Strong
103:ComCat
90:906694
1113:Digor
1061:Bihar
1033:Diexi
920:Texas
911:Fuyun
709:(PDF)
519:S2CID
503:JSTOR
148:Depth
127:10:02
96:USGS-
1185:1939
1171:Heze
1154:1937
1090:1935
1053:1934
989:1933
937:1932
858:1931
796:Bago
788:1930
735:The
683:ISSN
625:ISBN
543:ISBN
511:PMID
495:ISSN
426:ISBN
243:The
212:Max.
135:6.1
98:ANSS
1202:Oga
1015:Kos
844:Pyu
673:doi
487:doi
475:182
418:doi
84:ISC
73:UTC
1244::
1212:†‡
1175:†‡
1126:†‡
1037:†‡
964:†‡
915:†‡
809:†‡
729:–
711:.
681:.
669:42
667:.
663:.
597:^
574:^
517:.
509:.
501:.
493:.
485:.
473:.
469:.
453:^
439:^
424:,
412:,
377:^
352:^
1228:‡
1223:â€
1197:â€
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839:â€
818:â€
800:â€
774:e
767:t
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689:.
675::
633:.
551:.
525:.
489::
481::
420::
224:)
140:w
138:M
118:)
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