286:, despite opposition from the newly elected Nehru as the party president, agreed to contest the provincial elections to be held in 1937. The released Congress leaders anticipated the restoration of elections. They now had a stronger standing with their reputation enhanced by the civil disobedience movement under Gandhi's leadership. Through the elections the Congress sought to convert its popular movement into a political organisation. The Congress won 758 out of around 1500 seats in a resounding victory, and went on to form seven provincial governments. The Congress formed governments in United provinces, Bihar, the Central Provinces, Bombay and Madras.
1107:
miscalculated that the separate electorates system, with a larger electorate, would produce good results for the Muslim League. Of the 482 seats reserved for
Muslims the League won just 109. The League won 29 seats in the United Provinces where it had competed for 35 out of the 66 seats for Muslims. The League's top performance was in provinces where Muslims were minorities; there it cast itself as a protector of the community. Its performance in Punjab, where it won just two of the seven seats it vied for, was unsuccessful. It performed a little better in Bengal, capturing 39 of the 117 seats for Muslims, but could not form a government.
174:
27:
1111:
ruled by Hindus but Muslim league would not rule the largest provinces with Muslim majorities: Bengal and Punjab. The
Congress domination over the government made the prospects of federal Muslim politicians appear dismal. Regional parties kept the League out of power in those provinces with Muslim majorities while in the Hindu majority provinces it was unwanted by the Congress. Antagonised by this rebuff the League stepped up its efforts to attract a popular following.
2843:
106:
2079:
99:
92:
1136:
I wish the
Musalmans all over India to observe Friday 22 December as the "Day of Deliverance" and thanksgiving as a mark of relief that the Congress regime has at last ceased to function. I hope that the provincial, district and primary Muslim Leagues all over India will hold public meetings and pass
1123:
declared India to be at war with
Germany alongside Britain. The Congress objected strongly to the declaration of war without prior consultation with Indians. The Congress Working Committee suggested that it would cooperate if a central Indian national government were formed and a commitment were made
269:
increased the number of enfranchised people. Approximately 30 million people, among them some women, gained voting rights. This number constituted one-sixth of Indian adults. The Act provided for a limited adult franchise based on property qualifications such as land ownership and rent, and therefore
1003:
In Assam, the
Congress won 33 seats out of a total of 108 making it the single largest party, though it was not in a position to form a ministry. The Governor called upon Sir Muhammad Sadulla, ex-Judicial Member of Assam and leader of the Assam Valley Muslim Party to form the ministry. The Congress
981:
The Sind
Legislative Assembly had 60 members. The Sind United Party emerged the leader with 21 seats, and the Congress secured 7 seats. Mohammad Ali Jinnah had tried to set up a League Parliamentary Board in Sindh in 1936, but he failed, though 72% of the population was Muslim. Though 34 seats were
298:
The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the
Congress represented Muslims. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. Most
990:
The UP legislature consisted of a
Legislative Council of 52 elected and 6 or 8 nominated members and a Legislative Assembly of 228 elected members: some from exclusive Muslim constituencies, some from "General" constituencies, and some "Special" constituencies. The Congress won a clear majority in
289:
The party's election platform had downplayed communalism and Nehru continued this attitude with the initiation of the March 1937 Muslim mass contact program. But the elections demonstrated that of the 482 Muslim seats the
Congress had contested just 58 of them and won only 26 of those. In spite of
1110:
Muslim preference was to be represented by regional parties which were allied with those non-Muslims who were not supportive of the
Congress. The Congress was victorious throughout India in the open constituencies. Muslim league was confronted with the fact that Hindu majority provinces would be
994:
The Congress refused to form coalition with the League, even though two parties had a verbal understanding to do so. The party offered the Muslim League a role in government if it merged itself into the Congress Party. While this position had a good basis it proved to be a mistake. The Congress
1127:
The government did not come up with any satisfactory response. Viceroy Linlithgow could only offer to form a 'consultative committee' for advisory functions. Thus, Linlithgow refused the demands of the Congress. On 22 October 1939, all Congress ministries were called upon to tender their
1106:
took a nationalist stance and emulated the Congress's electoral campaign and appointed Muslim League Parliamentary Boards for the 1937 elections. Through this he expected to advance the party as a coalition partner for the Congress which they might need to form provincial governments. He
1124:
to India's independence after the war. The Muslim League promised its support to the British, with Jinnah calling on Muslims to help the Empire by "honourable co-operation" at the "critical and difficult juncture", while asking the Viceroy for increased protection for Muslims.
241:
emerged in power in seven of the provinces, Bombay, Madras, the Central Provinces, the United Provinces, the North-West Frontier Province, Bihar, and Orissa. The exceptions were Bengal, where the Congress was nevertheless the largest party, Punjab, Sindh, and Assam. The
299:
of the Muslim seats were won by regional Muslim parties. No Congress Muslim won in Sindh, Punjab, Bengal, Orissa, United Provinces, Central Provinces, Bombay and Assam. Most of the 26 seats the Congress captured were in NWFP, Madras and Bihar.
290:
this poor showing the Congress persisted in its claim that the party was representative of all communities. The Congress ministries did not succeed in attracting their Muslim countrymen. This was largely unintentional.
707:
16, Hindu Party 12, Europeans 3, and independents 5. Jones says, "The most accurate results ... were the official results of the Government of Sindh", namely: Congress 8, Sind United Party 21, Sind Hindu Sabha 10,
1128:
resignations. Both Viceroy Linlithgow and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were pleased with the resignations. On 2 December 1939, Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for Indian Muslims to celebrate 22 December 1939 as a "
3069:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3034:
2999:
3019:
3014:
1137:
the resolution with such modification as they may be advised, and after Jumma prayers offer prayers by way of thanksgiving for being delivered from the unjust Congress regime.
995:
disregarded that even though they had captured the large part of UP's general seats, they had not won any of the reserved Muslim seats, of which the Muslim League had won 29.
1018:
In Bombay, the Congress fell just short of gaining half the seats. However, it was able to draw on the support of some small pro-Congress groups to form a working majority.
3287:
2809:
954:
950:
851:
479:
2231:
699:* The weak party system in Sind made party-wise results unclear. Different sources reported different breakdowns. Schwartzberg states: Congress 7,
1784:
1590:
P. D. Reeves (1971). "Changing Patterns of Political Alignment in the General Elections to the United Provinces Legislative Assembly, 1937 and 1946".
1370:
3150:
3155:
3009:
2624:
2279:
2831:
1884:
504:
3124:
1700:
2067:
2019:
2045:
1041:
1031:
126:
3129:
3109:
3094:
1120:
976:
250:
2539:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
3277:
2839:
2788:
3257:
1961:
1931:
1864:
1827:
1757:
1727:
1684:
1549:
1479:
1410:
1346:
1309:
1267:
1230:
1173:
2684:
2634:
3272:
3226:
3221:
3181:
3134:
3119:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3064:
3054:
3039:
3029:
3024:
2679:
2129:
1502:
1437:
1059:
In Bengal, although the Congress was the single largest party, with 54 seats, it was unable to form a government. The
2824:
2744:
2704:
2629:
1512:
1447:
1203:
991:
the United Provinces, with 133 seats, while the Muslim League won only 27 out of the 64 seats reserved for Muslims.
3252:
3211:
2993:
2774:
2274:
2091:
1851:
1671:
1296:
1254:
1013:
876:
634:
432:
207:
51:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2649:
1988:
1044:
formed the government. Khalsa National Board and Hindu Election Board also gave their support to Unionist Party.
824:
555:
420:
227:
3282:
3216:
3004:
2784:
2779:
2709:
2060:
1793:
1379:
2855:
2759:
2739:
2654:
592:
231:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2817:
2798:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2719:
2694:
2689:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
1092:
1047:
Sikandar Hayat Khan led the government till his death in December 1942. He was succeeded on 30 December by
887:
646:
266:
219:
187:
41:
3191:
3186:
3176:
2729:
704:
1468:
3267:
3262:
2769:
2724:
2714:
2674:
2669:
1129:
2075:
3160:
2734:
2699:
2053:
1048:
3231:
2659:
2644:
2639:
283:
238:
136:
1892:
2664:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2027:
1813:
1396:
1332:
1068:
1037:
567:
243:
146:
141:
1566:
1498:
1433:
1193:
1095:, Congress won 19 out of 50 seats and was able, with minor party support, to form a ministry.
2847:
1747:
1539:
964:
1220:
2793:
1917:
1507:(2nd impression, with additional material ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 222.
376:
1442:(2nd impression, with additional material ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 73.
249:
The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy
8:
2020:"Appeal for the observance of Deliverance Day, issued from Bombay, on 2nd December, 1939"
1989:"Lecture by Prof. Stanley Wolpert: Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah's Legacy to Pakistan"
1103:
1060:
121:
2083:
1947:
1843:
1780:
1663:
1615:
1607:
1366:
1288:
1246:
1071:. In 1941, when the Muslim League took back its support from the KPP, the Congress and
345:
1957:
1927:
1860:
1847:
1823:
1753:
1723:
1680:
1667:
1619:
1572:
1545:
1508:
1475:
1443:
1406:
1342:
1305:
1292:
1263:
1250:
1226:
1199:
1169:
1084:
960:
775:
758:
700:
605:
453:
364:
223:
211:
195:
191:
1599:
1064:
254:
116:
173:
1984:
1951:
1921:
1817:
1400:
1336:
1163:
1072:
709:
613:
529:
203:
800:
746:
395:
333:
215:
199:
1603:
3246:
3205:
1776:
1362:
1088:
183:
1743:
1576:
1535:
1635:
From movement to government: the Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42
1222:
The Indian National Congress and the Raj, 1929–1942: The Penultimate Phase
1749:
The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan
1541:
The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan
1470:
Politics in Sindh, 1907-1940: Muslim identity and the demand for Pakistan
1067:, with 36 seats, formed a coalition government with the support of the
237:
The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. The
1996:
1611:
257:
without consulting the elected representatives of the Indian peoples.
1019:
712:
3, Sind Muslim Political Party 3, Europeans 3, and independents 12.
105:
2842:
982:
reserved for Muslims, the Muslim League could secure none of them.
1091:, the Congress won clear majorities. In the overwhelmingly Muslim
279:
1775:
1361:
1679:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–197.
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
98:
2078:
1842:
1662:
1287:
1245:
963:, the Congress won 74% of all seats, eclipsing the incumbent
1318:
1650:
Congress-Muslim League tussle 1937-40: a critical analysis
2024:
Quaid-i-Azam's Speeches & Messages to Muslim Students
2017:
1859:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 197.
1304:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 196.
1262:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 195.
1161:
91:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
253:'s action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the
1912:
1910:
270:
favored landholders and richer farmers in rural areas.
1878:
1876:
1792:(4th ed.). Routledge. p. 314. Archived from
1497:
1432:
1378:(4th ed.). Routledge. p. 314. Archived from
1977:
1953:
Afghan Frontier: Feuding and Fighting in Central Asia
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1148:
1114:
1923:
From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India
1916:
1907:
955:
Madras Presidency legislative council election, 1937
951:
1937 Madras Presidency legislative assembly election
1873:
1808:
1806:
2011:
1946:
1467:
1419:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1191:
3244:
1803:
1771:
1769:
1632:
1405:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 224–225.
1983:
1940:
1218:
246:failed to form the government in any province.
3288:Provincial Assembly elections in British India
1752:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–27.
1722:. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 17.
1276:
2825:
2061:
1956:. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 232–233.
1766:
1647:
1212:
1742:
1589:
1534:
1474:. Oxford University Press. pp. 73, 81.
1461:
1459:
190:. Elections were held in eleven provinces -
186:in the winter of 1936–37 as mandated by the
1822:. Cambridge University Press. p. 225.
1812:
1395:
1341:. Cambridge University Press. p. 224.
1331:
1198:. Cambridge University Press. p. 154.
1022:became the first Chief Minister of Bombay.
2832:
2818:
2068:
2054:
1544:. Cambridge University Press. p. 28.
1168:. Cambridge University Press. p. 32.
1564:
1456:
1032:1937 Punjab Provincial Assembly election
278:At its 1936 session held in the city of
1493:
1491:
1225:. The Macmillan Press. pp. 57–60.
977:1937 Sind legislative assembly election
3245:
1926:. India: Orient Longman. p. 412.
1889:The British Empire: Fall of the Empire
1119:On 3 September 1939, Viceroy of India
2848:Elections and referendums in Pakistan
2813:
2049:
1717:
1465:
1187:
1185:
1882:
1568:Muslim Politics in Bengal, 1937-1947
1488:
1162:Ian Talbot; Gurharpal Singh (2009).
1004:was a part of the ruling coalition.
944:
273:
985:
13:
1182:
1115:Resignation of Congress ministries
1078:
182:Provincial elections were held in
14:
3299:
1853:A Concise History of Modern India
1673:A Concise History of Modern India
1298:A Concise History of Modern India
1256:A Concise History of Modern India
2841:
2077:
1637:. Sage Publications. p. 60.
1504:A Historical Atlas of South Asia
1439:A Historical Atlas of South Asia
1098:
1014:1937 Bombay Presidency elections
172:
104:
97:
90:
25:
19:1937 Indian provincial elections
2018:Nazaria-e-Pakistan Foundation.
1995:. Humsafar.info. Archived from
1836:
1736:
1718:Arora, Subhash Chander (1990).
1711:
1693:
1656:
1641:
1626:
1583:
1558:
1528:
1083:In three additional provinces,
618:3 (Sind Muslim Political Party)
64:1585 provincial seats contested
1389:
1355:
1239:
464:8 (Muslim Parliamentary Board)
1:
3278:Political history of Pakistan
1141:
1075:formed a coalition with Huq.
260:
3258:Indian independence movement
1819:The Muslims of British India
1402:The Muslims of British India
1338:The Muslims of British India
1093:North-West Frontier Province
505:North West Frontier Province
267:Government of India Act 1935
220:North-West Frontier Province
188:Government of India Act 1935
7:
2625:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2623:See also: Elections in the
1571:. Impex India. p. 89.
1466:Jones, Allen Keith (2002).
515:7 (Hindu-Sikh Nationalists)
10:
3304:
3273:Political history of India
1720:Turmoil in Punjab politics
1701:"Ministry-making in Assam"
1652:. Aakar Books. p. 90.
1192:David Anthony Low (1991).
1029:
1011:
974:
948:
905:
875:
850:
823:
799:
774:
745:
662:
633:
591:
572:14 (Khalsa National Board)
554:
528:
503:
478:
452:
419:
394:
363:
332:
293:
3200:
3169:
3143:
2980:
2854:
2619:
2230:
2090:
1885:"Gandhi - The Great Soul"
1633:Visalakshi Menon (2003).
1604:10.1017/S0026749X00002973
1054:
1049:Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana
1025:
1007:
759:Assam Valley Muslim Party
574:11 (Hindu Election Board)
170:
68:
62:
35:
23:
1219:B. R. Tomlinson (1976).
1040:under the leadership of
998:
970:
692:1585 (1117 Open for all)
239:Indian National Congress
3253:1937 elections in India
3210:See also: Elections in
888:National Agriculturists
786:9 (Krishak Praja Party)
647:National Agriculturists
244:All-India Muslim League
2789:Presidential elections
1648:Abida Shakoor (2003).
1499:Joseph E. Schwartzberg
1434:Joseph E. Schwartzberg
1165:The Partition of India
1139:
303:Legislative assemblies
3283:1937 in British India
2794:Rajya Sabha elections
1134:
835:2 (Democratic Swaraj)
705:Ghulam Husain's party
610:10 (Sind Hindu Sabha)
2981:Provincial elections
1918:Sekhar Bandyopadhyay
1799:on 26 February 2015.
1592:Modern Asian Studies
1385:on 26 February 2015.
716:Legislative Councils
2799:Election Commission
1999:on 27 December 2007
1061:Krishak Praja Party
1042:Sikandar Hayat Khan
377:Krishak Praja Party
127:Sikandar Hayat Khan
122:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
20:
2084:Elections in India
1993:Jinnah of Pakistan
1948:Victoria Schofield
1895:on 16 October 2012
1786:A History of India
1781:Dietmar Rothermund
1705:The Indian Express
1565:Shila Sen (1976).
1372:A History of India
1367:Dietmar Rothermund
1130:Day of Deliverance
1063:of Prime Minister
892:1 (Majlis-e-Ahrar)
837:1 (Majlis-e-Ahrar)
490:21 (Justice Party)
18:
3268:Bombay Presidency
3263:Pakistan Movement
3240:
3239:
2856:General elections
2807:
2806:
2685:Jammu and Kashmir
2635:Arunachal Pradesh
2092:General elections
1987:(22 March 1998).
1963:978-1-86064-895-3
1933:978-81-250-2596-2
1866:978-0-521-86362-9
1829:978-0-521-09783-3
1759:978-0-521-45850-4
1729:978-81-7099-251-6
1686:978-0-521-86362-9
1551:978-0-521-45850-4
1481:978-0-19-579593-6
1412:978-0-521-09783-3
1348:978-0-521-09783-3
1311:978-0-521-86362-9
1269:978-0-521-86362-9
1232:978-1-349-02873-3
1195:Eclipse of empire
1175:978-0-521-85661-4
1132:" from Congress:
1085:Central Provinces
945:Madras Presidency
942:
941:
862:5 (Justice Party)
755:10 (Non-Congress)
697:
696:
606:Sind United Party
454:Central Provinces
350:14 (Non-Congress)
274:Election campaign
212:Bombay Presidency
196:Central Provinces
180:
179:
166:
165:
58:
57:
3295:
3222:Gilgit-Baltistan
2846:
2845:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2680:Himachal Pradesh
2082:
2081:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2026:. Archived from
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1891:. Archived from
1880:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1707:. 13 March 1937.
1697:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1430:
1417:
1416:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1377:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1285:
1274:
1273:
1261:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1159:
1065:A. K. Fazlul Huq
986:United Provinces
877:United Provinces
720:
719:
635:United Provinces
542:6 Unionist Party
433:Ambedkar's party
307:
306:
255:Second World War
208:United Provinces
176:
117:Jawaharlal Nehru
108:
101:
94:
70:
69:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3196:
3165:
3139:
2976:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2808:
2803:
2787:
2615:
2232:State elections
2226:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2030:on 29 July 2007
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1985:Stanley Wolpert
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1915:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1883:Anderson, Ken.
1881:
1874:
1867:
1856:
1844:Barbara Metcalf
1841:
1837:
1830:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1789:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1716:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1676:
1664:Barbara Metcalf
1661:
1657:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1588:
1584:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1431:
1420:
1413:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1330:
1319:
1312:
1301:
1289:Barbara Metcalf
1286:
1277:
1270:
1259:
1247:Barbara Metcalf
1244:
1240:
1233:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1160:
1149:
1144:
1121:Lord Linlithgow
1117:
1101:
1081:
1079:Other provinces
1073:Hindu Mahasabha
1057:
1034:
1028:
1016:
1010:
1001:
988:
979:
973:
957:
949:Main articles:
947:
891:
836:
756:
710:Sind Azad Party
619:
617:
614:Sind Azad Party
611:
609:
577:
575:
573:
571:
541:
465:
438:
437:9 (Non-Brahman)
436:
380:
349:
296:
276:
263:
251:Lord Linlithgow
171:
153:Seats won
63:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
3301:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Madhya Pradesh
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Andhra Pradesh
2627:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2010:
1976:
1962:
1939:
1932:
1906:
1872:
1865:
1848:Thomas Metcalf
1835:
1828:
1802:
1765:
1758:
1735:
1728:
1710:
1692:
1685:
1668:Thomas Metcalf
1655:
1640:
1625:
1598:(2): 111–142.
1582:
1557:
1550:
1527:
1513:
1487:
1480:
1455:
1448:
1418:
1411:
1388:
1354:
1347:
1317:
1310:
1293:Thomas Metcalf
1275:
1268:
1251:Thomas Metcalf
1238:
1231:
1211:
1204:
1181:
1174:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1116:
1113:
1100:
1097:
1080:
1077:
1056:
1053:
1038:Unionist Party
1030:Main article:
1027:
1024:
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
987:
984:
975:Main article:
972:
969:
946:
943:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
884:
882:
879:
873:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
833:
830:
827:
821:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
772:
771:
768:
765:
762:
753:
751:
749:
743:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:Other parties
730:
729:Muslim League
727:
724:
695:
694:
689:
687:468 (Reserved)
684:
679:
674:
671:
666:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
643:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
602:
599:
596:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
568:Unionist Party
564:
561:
558:
552:
551:
548:
546:
543:
538:
535:
532:
526:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
476:
475:
472:
470:
467:
462:
459:
456:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
429:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
385:
382:
373:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
342:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:Other parties
317:
316:Muslim League
314:
311:
295:
292:
284:Congress party
275:
272:
262:
259:
178:
177:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
150:
149:
147:Unionist Party
144:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
110:
109:
102:
95:
88:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
66:
65:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3300:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:British India
3204:¹ As part of
3203:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Uttar Pradesh
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1777:Hermann Kulke
1772:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1688:
1682:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1516:
1514:0-19-506869-6
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1449:0-19-506869-6
1445:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1363:Hermann Kulke
1358:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1205:0-521-45754-8
1201:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1099:Muslim League
1096:
1094:
1090:
1087:, Bihar, and
1086:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1069:Muslim League
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:After result
1033:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1005:
996:
992:
983:
978:
968:
966:
965:Justice Party
962:
956:
952:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
904:
900:
897:
894:
889:
885:
883:
880:
878:
874:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:
849:
845:
842:
839:
834:
831:
828:
826:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
798:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
777:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
754:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
737:
735:Independents
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
713:
711:
706:
702:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
661:
657:
654:
651:
648:
644:
641:
638:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
620:3 (Europeans)
615:
607:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
586:
583:
580:
569:
565:
562:
559:
557:
553:
549:
547:
544:
540:8 Nationalist
539:
536:
533:
531:
527:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
506:
502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
471:
468:
463:
460:
457:
455:
451:
447:
444:
441:
434:
430:
427:
424:
422:
418:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
397:
393:
389:
386:
383:
378:
374:
371:
368:
366:
362:
358:
355:
352:
347:
343:
340:
337:
335:
331:
327:
325:Muslim seats
324:
322:Independents
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
300:
291:
287:
285:
281:
271:
268:
258:
256:
252:
247:
245:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:British India
175:
169:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
112:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
85:
81:
79:Second party
78:
75:
72:
71:
67:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
3212:Azad Kashmir
3170:By-elections
2987:
2970:
2650:Chhattisgarh
2609:
2602:
2595:
2264:
2220:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:the original
2023:
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1992:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1952:
1942:
1922:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:the original
1888:
1852:
1838:
1818:
1794:the original
1785:
1748:
1744:Ayesha Jalal
1738:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1672:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1567:
1560:
1540:
1536:Ayesha Jalal
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1503:
1469:
1438:
1401:
1391:
1380:the original
1371:
1357:
1337:
1297:
1255:
1241:
1221:
1214:
1194:
1164:
1135:
1126:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1082:
1058:
1046:
1035:
1017:
1002:
993:
989:
980:
967:(21 seats).
958:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
715:
714:
701:United Party
698:
691:
686:
681:
676:
668:
663:
576:10 (Akalis)
346:Muslim Party
302:
301:
297:
288:
277:
264:
248:
236:
181:
82:Third party
76:First party
46:
15:
3217:Balochistan
3144:Referendums
2785:West Bengal
2780:Uttarakhand
2710:Maharashtra
2003:11 December
1969:10 December
1814:Peter Hardy
1397:Peter Hardy
1333:Peter Hardy
3247:Categories
2760:Tamil Nadu
2740:Puducherry
2655:Chandigarh
2034:4 December
1899:4 December
1142:References
810:2 (United)
738:Europeans
261:Electorate
2765:Telangana
2750:Rajasthan
2720:Meghalaya
2695:Karnataka
2690:Jharkhand
1783:(2004) .
1746:(1994) .
1620:145663295
1538:(1994) .
1369:(2004) .
1020:B.G. Kher
726:Congress
723:Province
313:Congress
310:Province
2730:Nagaland
1950:(2003).
1920:(2004).
1850:(2006).
1816:(1972).
1670:(2006).
1501:(1992).
1436:(1992).
1399:(1972).
1335:(1972).
1295:(2006).
1253:(2006).
2770:Tripura
2725:Mizoram
2715:Manipur
2675:Haryana
2670:Gujarat
2130:1951–52
1577:2799332
1520:5 April
294:Results
280:Lucknow
113:Leader
87:
73:
3227:Punjab
2755:Sikkim
2745:Punjab
2735:Odisha
2700:Kerala
1960:
1930:
1863:
1826:
1756:
1726:
1683:
1618:
1612:312028
1610:
1575:
1548:
1511:
1478:
1446:
1409:
1345:
1308:
1266:
1229:
1202:
1172:
1104:Jinnah
1089:Orissa
1055:Bengal
1026:Punjab
1008:Bombay
961:Madras
852:Madras
825:Bombay
776:Bengal
741:Total
556:Punjab
530:Orissa
480:Madras
421:Bombay
365:Bengal
328:Total
282:, the
228:Punjab
224:Bengal
218:, the
210:, the
206:, the
204:Orissa
192:Madras
133:Party
3232:Sindh
2660:Delhi
2645:Bihar
2640:Assam
1857:(PDF)
1797:(PDF)
1790:(PDF)
1677:(PDF)
1616:S2CID
1608:JSTOR
1383:(PDF)
1376:(PDF)
1302:(PDF)
1260:(PDF)
999:Assam
971:Sindh
907:Total
801:Bihar
747:Assam
664:Total
595:*
396:Bihar
334:Assam
216:Assam
200:Bihar
3192:2024
3187:2022
3182:2018
3177:2013
3161:2002
3156:1984
3151:1960
3135:2024
3130:2020
3125:2019
3120:2018
3115:2016
3110:2015
3105:2013
3100:2011
3095:2009
3090:2008
3085:2006
3080:2002
3075:2001
3070:1997
3065:1996
3060:1993
3055:1991
3050:1990
3045:1988
3040:1985
3035:1977
3030:1975
3025:1970
3020:1965
3015:1962
3010:1954
3005:1953
3000:1951
2994:1946
2988:1937
2971:Next
2965:2024
2960:2018
2955:2013
2950:2008
2945:2002
2940:1997
2935:1993
2930:1990
2925:1988
2920:1985
2915:1977
2910:1970
2905:1965
2900:1962
2894:1945
2888:1934
2882:1930
2876:1926
2870:1923
2864:1920
2610:2027
2603:2026
2596:2025
2590:2024
2585:2023
2580:2022
2575:2021
2570:2020
2565:2019
2560:2018
2555:2017
2550:2016
2545:2015
2540:2014
2535:2013
2530:2012
2525:2011
2520:2010
2515:2009
2510:2008
2505:2007
2500:2006
2495:2005
2490:2004
2485:2003
2480:2002
2475:2001
2470:2000
2465:1999
2460:1998
2455:1997
2450:1996
2445:1995
2440:1994
2435:1993
2430:1992
2425:1991
2420:1990
2415:1989
2410:1988
2405:1987
2400:1985
2395:1984
2390:1983
2385:1982
2380:1980
2375:1979
2370:1978
2365:1977
2360:1975
2355:1974
2350:1972
2345:1971
2340:1970
2335:1969
2330:1968
2325:1967
2320:1965
2315:1964
2310:1962
2305:1961
2300:1960
2295:1957
2290:1955
2285:1954
2280:1952
2275:1946
2270:1945
2265:1937
2260:1934
2255:1930
2250:1926
2245:1923
2240:1920
2221:Next
2215:2024
2210:2019
2205:2014
2200:2009
2195:2004
2190:1999
2185:1998
2180:1996
2175:1991
2170:1989
2165:1984
2160:1980
2155:1977
2150:1971
2145:1967
2140:1962
2135:1957
2125:1945
2120:1934
2115:1930
2110:1926
2105:1923
2100:1920
2036:2007
2005:2007
1971:2007
1958:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1901:2007
1861:ISBN
1824:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1573:OCLC
1546:ISBN
1522:2012
1509:ISBN
1476:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1306:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1227:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1170:ISBN
953:and
703:17,
658:228
645:22 (
604:21 (
593:Sind
587:175
566:95 (
499:215
474:112
448:175
431:14 (
415:152
390:250
384:113
375:36 (
359:108
344:24 (
265:The
232:Sind
230:and
162:101
159:106
156:711
142:AIML
52:1946
47:1937
42:1934
2665:Goa
1600:doi
959:In
937:257
927:111
901:60
886:4 (
871:54
846:30
819:29
795:63
770:21
757:6 (
682:385
677:387
673:106
669:707
652:47
639:133
629:60
623:12
612:3 (
581:22
550:60
545:10
524:50
518:24
493:26
484:159
469:21
442:42
409:48
387:119
353:27
137:INC
3249::
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932:32
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917:12
912:64
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856:26
829:13
813:16
789:32
655:66
642:26
626:34
584:86
560:18
534:36
521:36
509:19
496:29
458:70
445:30
428:18
425:86
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406:12
400:92
381:10
372:37
369:54
356:34
341:10
338:33
234:.
226:,
222:,
214:,
202:,
198:,
194:,
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780:9
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616:)
608:)
601:0
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578:4
570:)
563:1
537:0
512:0
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466:8
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435:)
403:0
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348:)
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