117:
592:
1161:. On 18 January 1938, less than a month after the elections, Goga asked Carol to dissolve Parliament. Carol granted the request, with a view toward holding fresh elections that winter. However, Carol became alarmed with overtures being made by the National Christian Party towards the Iron Guard, and on 10 February 1938 he sacked Goga after only 45 days in office, suspended the constitution, cancelled the elections, and seized emergency powers. Later that year Carol pushed through
328:
1403:
25:
335:
110:
446:
258:
248:
237:
227:
436:
604:
The members of the
Chamber of Deputies were elected from multi-member constituencies with between two and twenty seats. Seats were allocated on a proportional basis, unless a party received over 40% of the vote nationally. If this happened, the party in question was awarded half of the seats in each
559:
remained the largest party, winning 152 of the 387 seats in the
Chamber of Deputies and 97 of the 112 the Senate seats. However, unlike all previous elections organised by partisan governments, the results did not give the governing party a majority. The National Liberals' unexpectedly poor showing
560:
prevented it from creating a government on its own (obtaining 40% of the vote would have automatically awarded them a large parliamentary majority). They ruled out a coalition with their arch-rivals, the second-placed
2153:
551:
was elected on 20 December, whilst the Senate was elected in three stages on 22, 28 and 30 December. Voting was by universal male vote, making them the last elections held before female suffrage was introduced.
2098:
2148:
608:
The Senate was elected on a plurality basis. Voters had to be at least 21 to vote in the
Chamber elections and 25 to vote in Senate elections. Candidates for both bodies had to be at least 40 years old.
1437:
2221:
2216:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2181:
1512:
1507:
2163:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
1432:
2211:
2158:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1462:
1457:
1452:
2053:
1997:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1482:
1467:
1369:
2292:
2277:
605:
constituency, with the other half divided proportionally amongst the all parties (including the victorious one), with an electoral threshold of 2%.
889:
2287:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
1391:
2328:
1330:
2282:
2257:
2297:
2272:
2267:
2247:
2237:
2206:
1073:
679:
556:
512:
144:
784:
2252:
2172:
1253:
1223:
1165:
that concentrated all power in his hands, effectively codifying his emergency powers and turning his government into a royal
1399:
1723:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
910:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1767:
2343:
1185:
1177:
2323:
2262:
2196:
1384:
2242:
2119:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1522:
1442:
1427:
1173:
484:
478:
467:
461:
450:
419:
409:
394:
300:
294:
281:
275:
262:
241:
215:
205:
185:
175:
56:
39:
2338:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1917:
1912:
1447:
1189:
548:
70:
1162:
1158:
617:
The campaign was marred by violent clashes between the two fascist groups, the
National Christian Party's
1377:
1296:
1088:
700:
639:
561:
149:
642:, to count the entire country as one district, rather than use smaller districts, as had been the norm.
638:
After the vote, the
Electoral Commission surprised observers by deciding, in its allocation of seats by
1181:
805:
520:
501:
116:
2333:
2302:
742:
577:
530:
365:
508:
345:
1118:
868:
847:
763:
1419:
1734:
1407:
826:
1345:
Kurt W. Treptow (1996) "Alegerile din decembrie 1937 şi instaurarea dictaturii regale" in
8:
2064:
569:
1249:
1219:
440:
415:
405:
390:
252:
231:
211:
198:
181:
171:
75:
1292:
632:
128:
1334:
2317:
1300:
1211:
573:
526:
350:
591:
1166:
585:
581:
1172:
As a result, the elections were the last free multi-party elections until
1157:
The elections were the last elections held under the nominally democratic
327:
134:
619:
1103:
721:
624:
565:
360:
1794:
334:
1411:
1402:
544:
109:
628:
1188:, the country had passed through two more dictatorships and
1246:
Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe Before the
Holocaust
1184:. By the time of the first elections after World War II in
1331:
Romanians Hope Free
Elections Mark Revolution's Next Stage
1248:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 159.
635:, when four were killed and which led to 300 arrests.
595:
Results of the 1937 general elections at county level
2315:
496:
1320:, Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. 288-289
627:. During the first round, clashes occurred at
1385:
1392:
1378:
1281:Background and Precursors to the Holocaust
1243:
590:
1305:Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band I: Europa
1267:
1265:
2316:
650:
1373:
1059:
1026:
1013:
1000:
987:
659:
568:'s Everything for the Country Party.
1349:, Centrul de Studii Româneşti, Iaşi
1262:
1216:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
1207:
1205:
1180:featured a single list from Carol's
580:finished fourth and had an avowedly
599:
13:
2329:Parliamentary elections in Romania
14:
2355:
1228:
1202:
576:to form a government, though his
1401:
1362:"Cabinet Aims to Rule Rumania",
1286:
1104:Everything for the Country Party
722:Everything for the Country Party
588:was formed on 29 December 1937.
445:
444:
434:
333:
326:
257:
256:
247:
246:
236:
235:
226:
225:
115:
108:
23:
1307:, Zweiter Halbband, pp1062–1064
1234:Nohlen & Stöver, p1610-1611
785:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
543:General elections were held in
1323:
1310:
1274:
1237:
435:
17:1937 Romanian general election
1:
1303:& Klaus Landfried (1978)
1195:
1152:
7:
1214:& Philip Stöver (2010)
1192:was rapidly consolidating.
1146:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
640:proportional representation
612:
564:, or with the third-placed
10:
2360:
1355:"4 Die as Rumania Votes",
1271:Nohlen & Stöver, p1582
1244:Brustein, William (2010).
1182:National Renaissance Front
645:
45:20 December 1937
2344:1937 elections in Romania
2230:
2108:
2063:
1793:
1733:
1418:
1408:Elections and referendums
1145:
1141:
1130:
1065:
1062:
1050:
1039:
1035:
1027:Registered voters/turnout
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
966:
671:
668:
665:
662:
494:
306:
89:
81:
67:
33:
21:
2324:1937 elections in Europe
1347:Romania and World War II
1089:National Peasants' Party
743:National Christian Party
701:National Peasants' Party
578:National Christian Party
562:National Peasants' Party
1420:Parliamentary elections
1359:, 21 December 1937, p18
1190:a fourth, Communist one
890:Social Democratic Party
806:Radical Peasants' Party
346:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
1735:Presidential elections
1366:, 24 December 1937, p4
1074:National Liberal Party
1044:., Nohlen & Stöver
680:National Liberal Party
596:
557:National Liberal Party
547:in December 1937. The
594:
74:All 113 seats in the
69:All 387 seats in the
2339:December 1937 events
1176:. Elections held in
1040:Source: Sternberger
827:Agrarian Union Party
572:invited the fascist
1056:
1001:Invalid/blank votes
656:
651:Chamber of Deputies
549:Chamber of Deputies
383:Last election
167:Last election
71:Chamber of Deputies
18:
2065:European elections
1364:The New York Times
1357:The New York Times
1329:Reaves, Joseph A.
1163:a new constitution
1055:
655:
597:
509:Gheorghe Tătărescu
457:Popular vote
372:Leader since
269:Popular vote
156:Leader since
16:
2311:
2310:
1255:978-0-52177-478-9
1224:978-3-8329-5609-7
1159:1923 constitution
1150:
1149:
1048:
1047:
586:Goga's government
541:
540:
537:
536:
490:
489:
426:Seat change
222:Seat change
63:
62:
2351:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1293:Dolf Sternberger
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1209:
1057:
1054:
657:
654:
600:Electoral system
497:
448:
447:
438:
437:
337:
330:
260:
259:
250:
249:
239:
238:
229:
228:
119:
112:
91:
90:
52:
50:
35:
34:
28:
27:
26:
19:
15:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2334:1937 in Romania
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2226:
2109:Other elections
2104:
2059:
1795:Local elections
1789:
1729:
1414:
1400:
1398:
1350:
1342:
1341:
1335:Chicago Tribune
1328:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1155:
1053:
931:Traders Council
653:
648:
615:
602:
529:
524:
511:
506:
504:before election
495:
401:Seats won
307:
192:Seats won
73:
68:
48:
46:
29:
24:
22:
12:
11:
5:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1322:
1316:Michael Mann,
1309:
1297:Bernhard Vogel
1285:
1273:
1261:
1254:
1236:
1227:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
911:People's Party
908:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
887:
884:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
866:
863:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
845:
842:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
824:
821:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
803:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
782:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
761:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
740:
737:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
719:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
698:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
677:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
652:
649:
647:
644:
614:
611:
601:
598:
539:
538:
535:
534:
521:Prime Minister
516:
502:Prime Minister
492:
491:
488:
487:
481:
475:
471:
470:
464:
458:
454:
453:
432:
427:
423:
422:
412:
402:
398:
397:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
373:
369:
368:
363:
358:
354:
353:
348:
343:
339:
338:
331:
324:
320:
319:
316:
313:
309:
308:
304:
303:
297:
289:
285:
284:
278:
270:
266:
265:
244:
223:
219:
218:
208:
193:
189:
188:
178:
168:
164:
163:
160:
157:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
125:
121:
120:
113:
106:
102:
101:
98:
95:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
65:
64:
61:
60:
54:
42:
31:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2356:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
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1351:(in Romanian)
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1337:, 1990-03-30.
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1301:Dieter Nohlen
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1212:Dieter Nohlen
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950:Other parties
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636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:
610:
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593:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:Octavian Goga
571:
570:King Carol II
567:
563:
558:
553:
550:
546:
533:
532:
528:
527:Octavian Goga
523:
522:
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351:Octavian Goga
349:
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318:Fourth party
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129:Dinu Brătianu
126:
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118:
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111:
107:
104:
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100:Second party
99:
96:
93:
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88:
84:
80:
77:
72:
66:
59: →
58:
55:
53:
43:
41:
38:←
37:
36:
32:
20:
2177:
2169:Transylvania
2168:
2124:
2115:
2097:
2052:
1782:
1722:
1617:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1245:
1239:
1230:
1215:
1171:
1167:dictatorship
1156:
1119:Magyar Party
1041:
869:German Party
848:Jewish Party
764:Magyar Party
637:
618:
616:
607:
603:
582:anti-Semitic
554:
542:
525:
518:
507:
500:
429:
315:Third party
291:
272:
202:
195:
127:
97:First party
44:
2231:Referendums
1014:Total votes
988:Valid votes
633:Târgu Mureş
474:Percentage
288:Percentage
135:Iuliu Maniu
2318:Categories
2283:2007 (Nov)
2278:2007 (May)
2258:1941 (Nov)
2253:1941 (Mar)
2154:1857 (Sep)
2149:1857 (Jul)
2116:Bessarabia
1513:1888 (Oct)
1508:1888 (Jan)
1438:1866 (Nov)
1433:1866 (Apr)
1196:References
625:Iron Guard
584:platform.
566:Iron Guard
49:1937-12-20
2178:Wallachia
1153:Aftermath
1030:4,649,163
1017:3,071,695
991:3,026,140
970:3,026,140
684:1,103,353
273:1,103,353
2125:Moldavia
1318:Fascists
1218:, p1591
623:and the
620:Lăncieri
613:Campaign
519:Elected
466:281,167
460:478,378
280:626,612
1412:Romania
1283:, p. 26
789:119,361
768:136,139
747:281,167
726:478,378
705:626,612
646:Results
545:Romania
477:15.81%
342:Leader
323:
312:
299:20.71%
124:Leader
105:
94:
82:Turnout
47: (
1252:
1222:
1051:Senate
1020:100.00
1004:45,555
973:100.00
953:16,912
915:25,567
894:28,840
873:43,612
852:43,681
831:52,101
810:69,198
483:9.29%
357:Party
292:36.46%
174:/ 300
141:Party
85:66.07%
76:Senate
1131:Total
1063:Seats
1060:Party
1042:et al
1033:66.07
994:98.52
967:Total
934:1,219
729:15.81
708:20.71
687:36.46
669:Seats
663:Votes
660:Party
629:Orhei
418:/ 39
408:/ 66
393:/ 18
378:1935
375:1933
214:/ 86
184:/ 29
162:1937
159:1934
2303:2019
2298:2018
2293:2012
2288:2009
2273:2003
2268:1991
2263:1986
2248:1938
2243:1866
2238:1864
2222:1861
2217:1860
2212:1859
2207:1857
2202:1846
2197:1842
2192:1841
2187:1836
2182:1831
2173:1918
2164:1860
2159:1858
2144:1847
2139:1842
2134:1837
2129:1832
2120:1917
2099:2029
2093:2024
2088:2019
2083:2014
2078:2009
2073:2007
2054:2028
2048:2024
2043:2020
2038:2016
2033:2012
2028:2008
2023:2004
2018:2000
2013:1996
2008:1992
2003:1987
1998:1985
1993:1982
1988:1980
1983:1977
1978:1975
1973:1969
1968:1967
1963:1965
1958:1963
1953:1961
1948:1958
1943:1956
1938:1953
1933:1950
1928:1938
1923:1937
1918:1936
1913:1930
1908:1926
1903:1914
1898:1912
1893:1911
1888:1907
1883:1905
1878:1901
1873:1899
1868:1895
1863:1891
1858:1890
1853:1888
1848:1884
1843:1883
1838:1879
1833:1876
1828:1874
1823:1871
1818:1870
1813:1869
1808:1866
1803:1864
1784:2024
1778:2019
1773:2014
1768:2009
1763:2004
1758:2000
1753:1996
1748:1992
1743:1990
1724:2024
1718:2020
1713:2016
1708:2012
1703:2008
1698:2004
1693:2000
1688:1996
1683:1992
1678:1990
1673:1985
1668:1980
1663:1975
1658:1969
1653:1965
1648:1961
1643:1957
1638:1952
1633:1948
1628:1946
1623:1939
1618:1937
1613:1933
1608:1932
1603:1931
1598:1928
1593:1927
1588:1926
1583:1922
1578:1920
1573:1919
1568:1918
1563:1914
1558:1912
1553:1911
1548:1907
1543:1905
1538:1901
1533:1899
1528:1895
1523:1892
1518:1891
1503:1884
1498:1883
1493:1879
1488:1878
1483:1877
1478:1876
1473:1875
1468:1874
1463:1871
1458:1870
1453:1869
1448:1868
1443:1867
1428:1864
1250:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1186:1946
1178:1939
1174:1990
1007:1.48
956:0.56
937:0.04
918:0.84
897:0.95
876:1.44
855:1.44
834:1.72
813:2.29
792:3.94
771:4.50
750:9.29
693:–148
631:and
555:The
240:148
170:105
57:1939
40:1933
1410:in
1169:.
1134:113
1111:New
1096:+10
1066:+/–
976:387
882:New
777:+11
756:+21
735:New
714:+57
690:152
672:+/–
531:PNC
513:PNL
449:21
430:New
366:PNC
361:TpȚ
261:57
251:10
210:10
203:152
150:PNȚ
145:PNL
2320::
2180::
2171::
2127::
2118::
1333:.
1299:,
1295:,
1264:^
1204:^
1137:+5
1126:–1
1093:10
1081:–8
1078:97
840:–5
819:+3
798:+6
795:16
774:19
753:39
732:66
711:86
443:/
439:0
414:0
404:4
389:0
386:–
255:/
234:/
230:8
201:/
196:97
180:0
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1258:.
1123:2
1108:4
979:0
962:–
959:0
943:0
940:0
924:0
921:0
903:0
900:0
879:0
861:0
858:0
837:0
816:9
666:%
485:D
479:D
468:D
462:D
451:D
441:S
420:D
416:S
410:D
406:S
395:D
391:S
301:D
295:D
282:D
276:D
263:D
253:S
242:D
232:S
216:D
212:S
206:D
199:S
186:D
182:S
176:D
172:S
51:)
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