7576:
leading
Israeli New Historians—particularly Morris, Shlaim, Pappé, and Flapan—extensively examined the issue and revealed the facts. Other accounts have reached the same conclusions. For example, see Ben-Ami, "A War to Start All Wars"; Rashid Khalidi, "The Palestinians and 1948"; Walid Khalidi, "Why Did the Palestinians Leave, Revisited"; Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians; Raz, Bride and the Dowry. Reviewing the evidence marshaled by Morris and others, Tom Segev concluded that "most of the Arabs in the country, approximately 400,000, were chased out and expelled during the first stage of the war. In other words, before the Arab armies invaded the country" (Haaretz, 18 July 2010). Other estimates have varied concerning the number of Palestinians who fled or were expelled before the May 1948 Arab state attack; Morris estimated the number to be 250,000–300,000 (The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, 262); Tessler puts it at 300,000 (A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 279); Pappé's estimate is 380,000 (The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 96). In another recent review of the evidence, the Israeli historian Daniel Blatman estimates the number to be about 500,000 (Blatman, "Netanyahu, This Is What Ethnic Cleansing Really Looks Like"). Whatever the exact number, even Israeli "Old Historians" now admit that during the 1948 war, the Israeli armed forces drove out many of the Palestinians, though they emphasized the action as a military "necessity." For example, see Anita Shapira, Israel: A History, 167–68. In July 2019, the Israeli government sought to cover up the extensive documentary evidence in its state archives that revealed detailed evidence about the extent of the Nakba—even the evidence that had already been published by newspapers and Israeli historians. A Haaretz investigation of the attempted cover-up concluded: "Since early last decade, Defense Ministry teams have scoured local archives and removed troves of historic documents to conceal proof of the Nakba, including Israeli eyewitness reports at the time" (Shezaf, "Burying the Nakba: How Israel Systematically Hides Evidence of 1948 Expulsion of Arabs").”
7153:
conclusions. For example, see Ben-Ami, "A War to Start All Wars"; Rashid
Khalidi, "The Palestinians and 1948"; Walid Khalidi, "Why Did the Palestinians Leave, Revisited"; Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians; Raz, Bride and the Dowry. Reviewing the evidence marshaled by Morris and others, Tom Segev concluded that "most of the Arabs in the country, approximately 400,000, were chased out and expelled during the first stage of the war. In other words, before the Arab armies invaded the country" (Haaretz, 18 July 2010). Other estimates have varied concerning the number of Palestinians who fled or were expelled before the May 1948 Arab state attack; Morris estimated the number to be 250,000–300,000 (The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, 262); Tessler puts it at 300,000 (A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 279); Pappé's estimate is 380,000 (The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 96). In another recent review of the evidence, the Israeli historian Daniel Blatman estimates the number to be about 500,000 (Blatman, "Netanyahu, This Is What Ethnic Cleansing Really Looks Like"). Whatever the exact number, even Israeli "Old Historians" now admit that during the 1948 war, the Israeli armed forces drove out many of the Palestinians, though they emphasized the action as a military "necessity." For example, see Anita Shapira, Israel: A History, 167–68. In July 2019, the Israeli government sought to cover up the extensive documentary evidence in its state archives that revealed detailed evidence about the extent of the Nakba—even the evidence that had already been published by newspapers and Israeli historians. A Haaretz investigation of the attempted cover-up concluded: "Since early last decade, Defense Ministry teams have scoured local archives and removed troves of historic documents to conceal proof of the Nakba, including Israeli eyewitness reports at the time" (Shezaf, "Burying the Nakba: How Israel Systematically Hides Evidence of 1948 Expulsion of Arabs").
5543:
8431:, p. 31, "It is believed that one of the largest operations in this campaign was in the Arab coastal town of Acre, north of Haifa, shortly before it was conquered by the IDF on May 17,1948. According to Milstein, the typhoid epidemic that spread in Acre in the days before the town fell to the Israeli forces was not the result of wartime chaos but rather a deliberate covert action by the IDF—the contamination of Acre's water supply ... The success of the Acre operation may have persuaded Israeli decisionmakers to continue with these activities. On May 23, 1948, Egyptian soldiers in the Gaza area caught four Israeli soldiers disguised as Arabs near water wells ... It seems that many people knew something about these operations, but both the participants and later historians chose to avoid the issue, which gradually became a national taboo ... Despite the official silence, it appears there is little doubt now about the mission of the failed Gaza operation."
5985:(COHRE) and BADIL, Morris's list of affected localities, the shortest of the three, includes towns but excludes other localities cited by Khalidi or Abu Sitta. The six sources compared in Khalidi's study have in common 296 of the villages listed as destroyed or depopulated. Sixty other villages are cited in all but one source. Of the total of 418 localities cited in Khalidi, 292 (70 percent) were completely destroyed and 90 (22 percent) "largely destroyed". COHRE and BADIL also note that other sources refer to an additional 151 localities that are omitted from Khalidi's study for various reasons (for example, major cities and towns that were depopulated, as well as some Bedouin encampments and villages "vacated" before the start of hostilities). Abu Sitta's list includes tribes in Beersheba that lost lands; most of these were omitted from Khalidi's work.
8391:... like the demolitions, was to hamper an Arab return. Over the weeks, the well-poisoning campaign was expanded to regions beyond the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem road and included Jewish settlements captured or about to be captured by Arab troops, and then to inhabited Arab towns, to facilitate their prospective conquest by the Haganah or to hinder the progress of the invading Arab armies ... The Yishuv’s decision to use the bacteriological weapons was taken at the highest level of the government and military and was, indeed, steered by these officers, with Ben-Gurion’s authorization, through the campaign ... The use of the bacteria was apparently fairly limited in Israel/Palestine during April–December 1948, and apart from Acre, seems to have caused no epidemic and few casualties. At least, that is what emerges from the available documentation.";
8419:, pp. 73–4 ("The flame-thrower project was part of a larger unit engaged in developing biological warfare under the directorship of a physical chemist called Ephraim Katzir ... The biological unit he led together with his brother Aharon, started working seriously in February . Its main objective was to create a weapon that could blind people.") and 100–101 ("During the siege typhoid germs were apparently injected into the water. Local emissaries of the International Red Cross reported this to their headquarters and left very little room for guessing whom they suspected: the Hagana. The Red Cross reports describe a sudden typhoid epidemic and, even with their guarded language, point to outside poisoning as the sole explanation for this outbreak ... A similar attempt to poison the water supply in Gaza on 27 May was foiled.");
5413:
by foreign criminals". The
Haganah broadcasts called on the populace to "evacuate the women, the children and the old immediately, and send them to a safe haven". Jewish tactics in the battle were designed to stun and quickly overpower opposition; demoralisation was a primary aim. It was deemed just as important to the outcome as the physical destruction of the Arab units. The mortar barrages and the psychological warfare broadcasts and announcements, and the tactics employed by the infantry companies, advancing from house to house, were all geared to this goal. The orders of Carmeli's 22nd Battalion were "to kill every Arab encountered" and to set alight with fire-bombs "all objectives that can be set alight. I am sending you posters in Arabic; disperse on route."
5658:
8817:
hazards and strategy of the armed conflict between Arabs and Jews in
Palestine. The majority of these refugees have come from territory which, under the Assembly resolution of 29 November, was to be included in the Jewish State. The exodus of Palestinian Arabs resulted from panic created by fighting in their communities, by rumours concerning real or alleged acts of terrorism, or expulsion. It would be an offence against the principles of elemental justice if these innocent victims of the conflict were denied the right to return to their homes while Jewish immigrants flow into Palestine, and, indeed, at least offer the threat of permanent replacement of the Arab refugees who have been rooted in the land for centuries."
5718:, reported that United Nations Observers had recorded extensive looting of villages in Galilee by Israeli forces, who carried away goats, sheep and mules. This looting, United Nations Observers reported, appeared to have been systematic as army trucks were used for transportation. The situation, states the report, created a new influx of refugees into Lebanon. Israeli forces, he stated, have occupied the area in Galilee formerly occupied by Kaukji's forces, and have crossed the Lebanese frontier. Bunche goes on to say "that Israeli forces now hold positions inside the south-east corner of Lebanon, involving some fifteen Lebanese villages which are occupied by small Israeli detachments."
7589:, Vol. 93, Issue 3, p. 511: "Palestinians have long known what happened to them in 1948 and its very human costs. However, the work of the 'new' (or revisionist) Israeli historians from the late 1970s also challenged the official state narrative of a miraculous wartime victory through access to material in the Israeli archives. This has established what Ilan Pappé has summarised as the 'ethnic cleansing of Palestine', a process involving massacres and expulsions at gunpoint. In light of the ever-growing historiography, serious scholarship has left little debate about what happened in 1948. However, Nakba denial remains a political issue of the highest order.
6678:, Yesh Atid party MK, and former education minister of Israel, called for Israel to have all schools include the Nakba in their curriculum. "I'm for teaching the Nakba to all students in Israel. I do not think that a student can go through the Israeli educational system, while 20% of students have an ethos, a story, and he does not know that story." He added that covering the topic in schools could address some of the racial tensions that exist in Israeli society. His comments broke a taboo in the traditional Israeli narrative, and conflicts with efforts on the part of some Israeli lawmakers to defund schools that mark Nakba.
13024:
482:
8375:. University of California Press. 2002. p. 116. "Long afterward Menachem Begin boasted that the panic that descended on the Arabs caused them to flee from the cities of Tiberias and Haifa as well. And indeed, the consequences of this barbaric act of ethnic cleansing were far-reaching. The Deir Yasin Massacre, which was reported on over and over again in all the Arab media, inspired tremendous fear, which led many Arabs to abandon their homes as the Jewish forces drew near. There is no doubt that Deir Yasin was a turning point in the annals of the destruction of the Arab landscape."
8427:, p. 289, "As early as April 1948, Ben Gurion directed one of his operatives in Europe (Ehud Avriel) to seek out surviving East European Jewish scientists who could "either increase the capacity to kill masses or to cure masses: both things are important". At that time, that 'capacity' meant chemical and biological weapons ... These were ultimate weapons that could be used either for offense or defense (and the context of the immediate military operations, as well as those that had preceded it, would be the critical factors in that categorization).";
8423:, "The Zionists injected typhoid in the aqueduct at some intermediate point which passes through Zionist settlements ... The city of Acre, now burdened by the epidemic, fell easy prey to the Zionists. ... Two weeks later, after their "success" in Acre, the Zionists struck again. This time in Gaza, where hundreds of thousands of refugees had gathered after their villages in southern Palestine were occupied. The end however was different. ... The biological crimes perpetrated against the Palestinians in Acre and Gaza in 1948 are still being enacted today.";
5609:
could endanger the supply route advancing eastward... Allon repeated the question: What is to be done with the population? Ben-Gurion waved his hand in a gesture that said: Drive them out!... "Driving out" is a term with a harsh ring... Psychologically, this was one of the most difficult actions we undertook. The population of did not leave willingly. There was no way of avoiding the use of force and warning shots in order to make the inhabitants march the 10 to 15 miles to the point where they met up with the legion. ("Soldier of Peace", pp. 140–141)
5451:
population before the
Haganah/IZL assault... The closer drew the 15 May British withdrawal deadline and the prospect of invasion by Arab states, the readier became commanders to resort to "cleansing" operations and expulsions to rid their rear areas. elatively few commanders faced the moral dilemma of having to carry out the expulsion clauses. Townspeople and villagers usually fled their homes before or during battle... though (Haganah commanders) almost invariably prevented inhabitants, who had initially fled, from returning home...
6858:
8403:, pp. 19–20, "The urbicide of May 1948 directed against the old Crusader city of Acre involved biological warfare, including poisoning of water, Pappé writing that it seems clear from Red Cross reports that the Zionist forces besieging the city injected 'typhoid germs' into the water supply, which led to a 'sudden typhoid epidemic'. There was a similar attempt to 'poison the water supply in Gaza' on 27 May 1948 by injecting typhoid and dysentery viruses into wells; this attempt was fortunately foiled.";
6870:
6312:, but mostly it has added more as it has continued to extend its declared state of emergency. For example, even though the Prevention of Infiltration Law of 1954 is not labelled as an official "Emergency Regulation", it extends the applicability of the "Defence (Emergency) Regulation 112" of 1945 giving the Minister of Defence extraordinary powers of deportation for accused infiltrators even before they are convicted (Articles 30 & 32), and makes itself subject to cancellation when the
6894:
37:
9514:. "The BBC monitored all Middle Eastern broadcasts throughout 1948. The records, and companion ones by a United States monitoring unit, can be seen at the British Museum. There was not a single order or appeal, or suggestion about evacuation from Palestine, from any Arab radio station, inside or outside Palestine, in 1948. There is a repeated monitored record of Arab appeals, even flat orders, to the civilians of Palestine to stay put." Erskine Childers: The Other Exodus
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11959:
11942:
23273:
4864:
11993:
6671:, Morris's scholarship has "veered from the leftwing to the rightwing end" and that "racist undertones" against Arabs and Palestinians has become a characteristic of his work. Of Karsh, Shlaim has written that he gives "a selective and tendentious account designed to exonerate the Jewish side of any responsibility" for some of the events that took place in 1948 and that he engages in "distort and misrepresent the work of his opponents".
6267:
areas and of persons who, although not displaced, are destitute," and the UNRWA additionally noted that "all births are eagerly announced, the deaths wherever possible are passed over in silence," as well as the fact that "the birthrate is high in any case, a net addition of 30,000 names a year." By June 1951, UNRWA had reduced the number of registered refugees to 876,000 after many false and duplicate registrations had been weeded out.
5816:
move, and to move quickly, towards a compromise—born of Arab rejectionism and a deep feeling of humiliation, and of
Israeli drunkenness with victory and physical needs determined largely by the Jewish refugee influx—doomed the "conference" from the start. American pressure on both sides, lacking a sharp, determined cutting edge, failed to budge sufficiently either Jew or Arab. The "100,000 Offer" was a classic of too little, too late.
12010:
8387:, pp. 752–776, " Taken together, these documents revealed that the Acre and Gaza episodes were merely the tip of the iceberg in a prolonged campaign ... But bulldozing or blowing up houses and wells was deemed insufficient. With its back to the wall, the Haganah upped the ante and unleashed a clandestine campaign of poisoning certain captured village wells with bacteria – in violation of the Geneva Protocol ... The aim of
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inhabitants of these neighborhoods generally fled to other parts of the city. Those who could afford to flee further away did so, expecting to return when the troubles were over. By the end of March 1948 thirty villages were depopulated of their
Palestinian Arab population. Approximately 100,000 Palestinian Arabs had fled to Arab parts of Palestine, such as Gaza, Beersheba, Haifa, Nazareth, Nablus, Jaffa and Bethlehem.
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876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
777:
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759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
714:
705:
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588:
579:
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489:
8407:, p. 7, "Israeli biological warfare activities included Operation Shalach, which was an attempt to contaminate the water supplies of Egyptian Army. Egypt reports capture of four 'Zionists' trying to infect wells with dysentery and typhoid. There are also allegations that a typhoid outbreak in Acre in 1948 resulted from a biological attack and that there were attacks in Egypt in 1947 and in Syria in 1948.";
5460:
them... From the surrounding villages and hamlets, during the next two or three days, all the inhabitants were uprooted and set off on the road to
Ramallah... No longer was there any "reasonable persuasion". Bluntly, the Arab inhabitants were ejected and forced to flee into Arab territory... Wherever the Israeli troops advanced into Arab country the Arab population was bulldozed out in front of them.
4728:
4716:
7599:
works by Walid
Khalidi, Simha Flapan, Nafez Nazzal, Benny Morris, Nur Masalha, and Norman Finkelstein, among others. All but one of these authors (Morris) would probably agree with Pappe’s position that what happened to the Palestinians in 1948 fits the definition of ethnic cleansing, and it certainly is not news to Palestinians themselves, who have always known what happened to them."
5706:. It was clear to the villages in the Galilee, that if they left, return was far from imminent. Therefore, far fewer villages spontaneously depopulated than previously. Most of the Palestinian exodus was due to a clear, direct cause: expulsion and deliberate harassment, as Morris writes "commanders were clearly bent on driving out the population in the area they were conquering".
6472:, in his 1948 book "Ma'na al-Nakba" (The Meaning of the Disaster) he wrote "the tragic aspect of the Nakba is related to the fact that it is not a regular misfortune or a temporal evil, but a Disaster in the very essence of the word, one of the most difficult that Arabs have ever known over their long history." The word was used again one year later by the Palestinian poet
5397:
up on the market square a great crowd a great panic took hold. The multitude burst into the port, pushed aside the policemen, charged the boats and began to flee the town", as the official
Haganah history later put it". According to Pappé, this mortar barrage was deliberately aimed at civilians to precipitate their flight from Haifa, while Morris denies this claim.
5526:(previously captured) and to Arab-held territory. The captured women of Tantura were moved to Fureidis, and on 31 May Brechor Shitrit, Minister of Minority Affairs of the provisional Government of Israel, sought permission to expel the refugee women of Tantura from Fureidis as the number of refugees in Fureidis was causing problems of overcrowding and sanitation.
6646:
provides more details on the planning process by a group he calls the "Consultancy". Morris also says that ethnic cleansing took place during the Palestinian exodus, and that "there are circumstances in history that justify ethnic cleansing... when the choice is between ethnic cleansing and genocide—the annihilation of your people—I prefer ethnic cleansing."
5534:
troops, and 1% to their psychological warfare. This leads to a figure of 73% for departures caused directly by the Israelis. In addition, the report attributes 22% of the departures to "fears" and "a crisis of confidence" affecting the Palestinian population. As for Arab calls for flight, these were reckoned to be significant in only 5% of cases...
7876:
by setting fire to the fields of Palestinian villages considered wealthy or by cutting water supply to city neighborhoods). Weitz convinced the Israeli government in May 1948 to confiscate any looted Arab harvest for the needs of the newly born state. This policy of burning fields or confiscating them continued throughout the summer of 1948."
4704:. Other sources speak of 30,000 Palestinian Arabs. Many of these were Palestinian Arab leaders and middle- and upper-class Palestinian Arab families from urban areas. Around 22 March, the Arab governments agreed that their consulates in Palestine would issue entry visas only to old people, women, children and the sick. On 29–30 March the
5522:, the coastal village of Tantura was attacked and occupied by the 33rd Battalion of the Alexandroni Brigade of the Haganah. The village of Tantura was not given the option of surrender and the initial report spoke of dozens of villagers killed, with 300 adult male prisoners and 200 women and children. Many of the villagers fled to
8657:
6729:". Porath contrasts this with what he calls the "national calamity" and "unending personal tragedies" suffered by the Palestinians that resulted in "the collapse of the Palestinian community, the fragmentation of a people, and the loss of a country that had in the past been mostly Arabic-speaking and Islamic".
4783:, the Zionists organised a campaign of threats, consisting of the distribution of threatening leaflets, "violent reconnaissance" and, after the arrival of mortars, the shelling of Arab villages and neighborhoods. Pappé also wrote that the Haganah shifted its policy from retaliation to offensive initiatives.
6433:
field cleared for the 1948 war," while "the Arabs charge that their people were evicted at bayonet-point and by panic deliberately incited by the Zionists." Alternative explanations have focused on the psychological component, suggesting that panic or hysteria swept the Palestinians and caused the exodus.
8253:
Only five days earlier, the entire Arab population of Tiberias, a town by the Sea of Galilee, had panicked and fled, after the defeat of their militia by the Haganah. This was the first instance of a mass Arab evacuation from a town. The Haganah commanders in Haifa were undoubtedly well aware of this
7916:
19 September 2022, pages =1-25 p.8:'The SHAI, in its report from the end of June 1948 on the causes of the Arab flight from Palestine, mentioned 'the typhus epidemic' as 'an exacerbating factor in the evacuation' in certain areas. 'More than the disease itself, it was the panic induced by the rumours
7875:
Pappe, I. (1999). Were they expelled?: The history, historiography and relevance of the Palestinian refugee problem. In G. Karmi & E. Cotran (Eds.), The Palestinian exodus, 1948–1988(pp. 37–61). London: Ithaca Press – "Where expulsion failed, transfer was encouraged, by every possible means (even
7598:
Laila Parsons, McGill University, 2009, Review of Ilan Pappé's 'The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine', "Ilan Pappe has added another work to the many that have already been written in English on the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the expulsion of more than 750,000 Palestinians from their homes. These include
6636:
From the late 1970s onwards, many newspaper articles and scholarly studies, as well as some 1948 war veterans' memoirs, began to present the balanced/critical narrative. This has become more common since the late 1980s, to the point that since then the vast majority of newspaper articles and studies,
5988:
Another study, involving field research and comparisons with British and other documents, concludes that 472 Palestinian habitations (including towns and villages) were destroyed in 1948. It notes that the devastation was virtually complete in some sub-districts. For example, it points out that 96.0%
6640:
The Israeli-Jewish societal change intensified in the late 1980s. The publication of balanced/critical newspaper essays increased, the vast majority, along with balanced 1948 war veterans' memoirs, about a third. At the same time, Israeli NGOs began more significantly to present the balanced and the
6408:
The "Prescription Law, 5718-1958". According to COHRE and BADIL (p. 44), this law, in conjunction with the "Land (Settlement of Title) Ordinance (Amendment) Law, 5720-1960", the "Land (Settlement of Title) Ordinance (New Version), 5729-1969" and the "Land Law, 5729-1969", was designed to revise
5815:
In retrospect, it appeared that at Lausanne was lost the best and perhaps only chance for a solution of the refugee problem, if not for the achievement of a comprehensive Middle East settlement. But the basic incompatibility of the initial starting positions and the unwillingness of the two sides to
5600:
In Flapan's opinion, "in Lydda, the exodus took place on foot. In Ramlah, the IDF provided buses and trucks. Originally, all males had been rounded up and enclosed in a compound, but after some shooting was heard, and construed by Ben-Gurion to be the beginning of an Arab Legion counteroffensive, he
5412:
Throughout the Haganah made effective use of Arabic language broadcasts and loudspeaker vans. Haganah Radio announced that "the day of judgement had arrived" and called on inhabitants to "kick out the foreign criminals" and to "move away from every house and street, from every neighbourhood occupied
5396:
According to Morris, "The Haganah mortar attacks of 21–22 April were primarily designed to break Arab morale in order to bring about a swift collapse of resistance and speedy surrender. But clearly the offensive, and especially the mortaring, precipitated the exodus. The three-inch mortars "opened
10294:
Several methodological problems arise here. The first and most obvious is that the archives of the Arab states, of the main Arab political parties, royal courts, and armies are all closed – all the Arab states are dictatorships of one sort or another and dictatorships, as is well known, do not open
6628:
The dominance in Israel of the willing-flight Zionist narrative of the exodus began to be challenged by Israeli-Jewish societal institutions beginning mainly in the late 1970s. Many scholarly studies and daily newspaper essays, as well as some 1948 Jewish war veterans' memoirs have begun presenting
6619:
presented the Palestinian and the balanced/critical narratives. A number of Jewish scholars living outside of Israel – including Gabbay and Peretz – since the late 1950s also presented a different narrative. According to this narrative, some Palestinians left willingly while others were expelled by
5825:
The expulsion of Palestinians in 1947–49 resulted in the significant depopulation of territory occupied by Israel, in which "about 90 percent of the Palestinians were ethnically cleansed – many by psychological warfare and /or military pressure and a large number at gunpoint." Historic Arabic place
5766:
the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or damage to property which, under principles of
5754:
No settlement can be just and complete if recognition is not accorded to the right of the Arab refugee to return to the home from which he has been dislodged. It would be an offence against the principles of elemental justice if these innocent victims of the conflict were denied the right to return
5376:
writes that not only had half of the Arab community in Haifa community fled the city before the final battle was joined in late April 1948, but another 5,000–15,000 left apparently voluntarily during the fighting while the rest, some 15,000–25,000, were ordered to leave, as was initially claimed by
8791:
UN Progress Report, 16 September 1948, Part 1 Section V, paragraph 6; Part 3 Section I, paragraph 1 to 3. According to Glazer, this observation by Count Folke Bernadotte is frequently cited not only as an example of descriptions of panic, but also as evidence that the Zionists pursued a policy of
5608:
What would they do with the 50,000 civilians in the two cities... Not even Ben-Gurion could offer a solution, and during the discussion at operation headquarters, he remained silent, as was his habit in such situations. Clearly, we could not leave hostile and armed populace in our rear, where it
5592:
According to Flapan (1987, pp. 13–14) in Ben-Gurion's view Ramlah and Lydda constituted a special danger because their proximity might encourage co-operation between the Egyptian army, which had started its attack on Kibbutz Negbah, near Ramlah, and the Arab Legion, which had taken the Lydda
5459:
Israeli vans with loudspeakers drove through the streets ordering all the inhabitants to evacuate immediately, and such as were reluctant to leave were forcibly ejected from their homes by the triumphant Israelis whose policy was now openly one of clearing out all the Arab civil population before
5441:
I believe that during this phase, the eviction of Arab civilians had become an aim of David Ben-Gurion and his government... UN opinion could very well be disregarded. Peace with the Arabs seemed out of the question, considering the extreme nature of the Arab propaganda. In this situation, it was
7029:
It is noteworthy that the aforementioned silk gloves were not invoked when discussing the Palestinian "exodus," i.e., the expulsion and flight of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, which became a pressing concern in the months following the adoption of Plan D (tokhnit dalet) by the Haganah's
6432:
In the first decades after the exodus, two diametrically opposed schools of analysis could be distinguished. Philip Mendes noted of the two sides in 2007 that "Israel claims that the Arabs left because they were ordered to, and deliberately incited into panic, by their own leaders who wanted the
6270:
Today the number who qualify for UNRWA's services has grown to over 4 million, one third of whom live in the West Bank and Gaza; slightly less than one third in Jordan; 17% in Syria and Lebanon (Bowker, 2003, p. 72) and around 15% in other Arab and Western countries. Approximately 1 million
6266:
The final 1949 UNRWA estimate of the refugee count was 726,000, but the number of registered refugees was 914,000. The U.N. Conciliation Commission explained that the number was inflated by "duplication of ration cards, addition of persons who have been displaced from area other than Israel-held
6255:
was adopted. The resolution accepted the definition of Palestinian refugees as "persons of Arab origin who, after 29 November 1947, left territory at present under the control of the Israel authorities and who were Palestinian citizens at that date" and; "Persons of Arab origin who left the said
5854:
Such pictures were known to us. It was the way things had always been done to us, in the Holocaust, throughout the world war, and all the pogroms. Oy, how well we knew those pictures. And here – here, we were doing these awful things to others. We loaded everything onto the van – with a terrible
5558:
from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the UN Secretary-General of 15 May 1948 justifying the intervention by the Arab States, the Secretary-General of the League alleged that "approximately over a quarter of a million of the Arab population have been compelled to leave their
5533:
At least 55% of the total of the exodus was caused by our (Haganah/IDF) operations. To this figure, the report's compilers add the operations of the Irgun and Lehi, which "directly (caused) some 15%... of the emigration". A further 2% was attributed to explicit expulsion orders issued by Israeli
4681:
reverted to their 1937–1939 strategy of indiscriminate attacks by placing bombs and throwing grenades into crowded places such as bus stops, shopping centres and markets. Their attacks on British forces reduced British troops' ability and willingness to protect Jewish traffic. General conditions
8816:
with regard to the return of Arab refugees will be when the final terms of settlement are reached. It is, however, undeniable that no settlement can be just and complete if recognition is not accorded to the right of the Arab refugee to return to the home from which he has been dislodged by the
6381:
The absentee property played an enormous role in making Israel a viable state. In 1954, more than one third of Israel's Jewish population lived on absentee property and nearly a third of the new immigrants (250,000 people) settled in urban areas abandoned by Arabs. Of 370 new Jewish settlements
6262:
was established under UNGA resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949. It defines refugees qualifying for UNRWA's services as "persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948, who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab–Israeli
6256:
territory after 6 August 1924 and before 29 November 1947 and who at that latter date were Palestinian citizens; 2. Persons of Arab origin who left the territory in question before 6 August 1924 and who, having opted for Palestinian citizenship, retained that citizenship up to 29 November 1947"
5628:
Glazer quotes the testimony of Count Bernadotte, the UN mediator in Palestine, who reported that "the exodus of the Palestinian Arabs resulted from panic created by fighting in their communities, by rumours concerning real or alleged acts of terrorism, or expulsion. Almost the whole of the Arab
4692:
embarked on a systematic evacuation of non-combatants from several frontier villages in order to turn them into military strongholds. Arab depopulation occurred most in villages close to Jewish settlements and in vulnerable neighborhoods in Haifa, Jaffa and West Jerusalem. The more impoverished
8185:
the method for taking over an Arab village: Surround the village and search it (for weapons). In case of resistance – … expel the population beyond the border… If there is no resistance, a garrison should be stationed in the village. . . appoint local institutions for administering the village
7575:
Slater, Jerome (2020). Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917-2020. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-19-045908-6. "There is no serious dispute among Israeli, Palestinian, or other historians about the central facts of the Nakba. All of the
7152:
There is no serious dispute among Israeli, Palestinian, or other historians about the central facts of the Nakba. All of the leading Israeli New Historians—particularly Morris, Shlaim, Pappé, and Flapan—extensively examined the issue and revealed the facts. Other accounts have reached the same
6716:
has rejected the comparison, arguing that the ideological and historical significance of the two population movements are totally different and that any similarity is superficial. Porath says that the immigration of Jews from Arab countries to Israel, expelled or not, was from a Jewish-Zionist
5799:
Instead Israel made an offer of allowing 100,000 of the refugees to return to the area, though not necessarily to their homes, including 25,000 who had returned surreptitiously and 10,000 family-reunion cases. The proposal was conditional on a peace treaty that would allow Israel to retain the
5709:
During Operation Hiram in the upper Galilee, Israeli military commanders received the order: "Do all you can to immediately and quickly purge the conquered territories of all hostile elements in accordance with the orders issued. The residents should be helped to leave the areas that have been
7079:
One of the more important consequences of the 1948 war was the expulsion and/or flight of some 750,000 Palestinians from their homes inside Israel, and the refusal of Israel to allow them to return, despite an express UN decision calling on it to do so. ... About 750,000 of the 900,000 strong
6645:
who favored a more critical analysis of Israel's history. The Arab/Palestinian official and historiographical versions hardly changed, and received support from some of the New Historians. Pappé calls the exodus an ethnic cleansing and points at Zionist preparations in the preceding years and
6373:
The Absentees' Property Laws were several laws, first introduced as emergency ordinances issued by the Jewish leadership but which after the war were incorporated into the laws of Israel. As examples of the first type of laws are the "Emergency Regulations (Absentees' Property) Law, 5709-1948
5450:
Undoubtedly, as was understood by IDF intelligence, the most important single factor in the exodus of April–June was Jewish attack. This is demonstrated clearly by the fact that each exodus occurred during or in the immediate wake of military assault. No town was abandoned by the bulk of its
6364:
According to Kirshbaum, the Law has as effect that "no one is allowed in or out without permission from the Israeli Military." "This regulation has been used to exclude a land owner from his own land so that it could be judged as unoccupied, and then expropriated under the 'Land Acquisition
6595:
Beginning in 1949, the dominant Israeli narrative was presented in the publications of various Israeli state institutions such as the national Information Center, the Ministry of Education (history and civic textbooks) and the army (IDF), as well as in Israeli-Jewish societal institutions:
4546:
in neighboring states, is a matter of dispute, although the number is around 700,000, being approximately 80 percent of the Arab inhabitants of what became Israel (half of the Arab total population of Mandatory Palestine). About 250,000–300,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled during the
6451:
is among the few historians who still consider that most of the Arabs who fled left of their own accord or were pressured to leave by their fellow Arabs, despite Israeli attempts to convince them to stay. He says that the expulsions in Lod and Ramle were driven by military necessity.
4790:
with his chief advisors in January 1948, the main point was that it was desirable to "transfer" as many Arabs as possible out of Jewish territory, and the discussion focussed mainly on the implementation. The experience gained in a number of attacks in February 1948, notably those on
7917:
of the spread of the disease in the area that was a factor in the evacuation', stated the report. In its site-by-site breakdown of the Arab flight, the report mentioned 'harassment and the typhus epidemic' as the causes of the partial exodus of the population from Acre on 6 May.'
5613:
Flapan maintains that events in Nazareth, although ending differently, point to the existence of a definite pattern of expulsion. On 16 July, three days after the Lydda and Ramlah evictions, the city of Nazareth surrendered to the IDF. The officer in command, a Canadian Jew named
5555:
6483:
wrote: "How Can I call it but Nakba? When we the Arab people generally and the Palestinians particularly, faced such a disaster (Nakba) that we never faced like it along the centuries, our homeland was sealed, we expelled from our country, and we lost many of our beloved sons."
5989:
of the villages in the Jaffa area were totally destroyed, as were 90.0% of those in Tiberias, 90.3% of those in Safad, and 95.9% of those in Beisan. It also extrapolates from 1931 British census data to estimate that over 70,280 Palestinian houses were destroyed in this period.
7885:
Morris 2004 "While before May, burning Arab crops was mainly a Haganah means of retaliation for Arab attacks, during May–June the destruction of the fields hardened into a set policy designed to demoralise the villagers, hurt them economically and, perhaps, precipitate their
6377:
According to COHRE and BADIL (p. 41), unlike other laws that were designed to establish Israel's "legal" control over lands, this body of law focused on formulating a "legal" definition for the people (mostly Arabs) who had left or been forced to flee from these lands.
5697:
in March 1949, completed the capture of the Negev (the Negev had been allotted to the Jewish State by the United Nations) these operations were met with resistance from the Palestinian Arabs who were to become refugees. The Israeli military activities were confined to the
8654:
4819:
lacked the resources to mount a full-scale assault on the Yishuv, and restricted himself to sanctioning minor attacks and to tightening the economic boycott. The British claimed that Arab rioting might well have subsided had the Jews not retaliated with firearms.
11563:
9113:
4745:
On 18 December 1947, the Haganah approved an aggressive defense strategy, which in practice meant a limited implementation of "Plan May"; this, also known as "Plan Gimel" or "Plan C", produced in May 1946, was the Haganah master plan for the defence of the
5648:
extend Israel's biological warfare operations abroad, beginning with the poisoning of Cairo's water network with toxic bacteria. Both this and other projects to take similar measures in Syria and Lebanon, for a variety of reasons, were never activated.
4776:, south of Haifa, where Palestinian Arabs were evicted and their houses destroyed on 19–20 February 1948. In attacks that were not authorised in advance, several communities were expelled by the Haganah and several others were chased away by the Irgun.
5636:
alerted Ben-Gurion to the problem of masses of Palestinians endeavouring to return to their land in Israel or to lands Israel was about to take control of. On being asked how to deal with the problem, Weitz advocated a policy of endless 'harassment'
8399:, p. 145, "Some BW programs relied on extremely crude methods, about as sophisticated as those employed by some terrorist groups or criminals ... The same was true of the reported activities associated with the early Israeli program in 1948.";
5804:, and, contrary to Israel's UN acceptance promise, on the Arab states absorbing the remaining 550,000–650,000 refugees. The Arab states rejected the proposal on both legal, moral and political grounds, and Israel quickly withdrew its limited offer.
12852:
5725:, "In a matter of seven months, five hundred and thirty one villages were destroyed and eleven urban neighborhoods emptied The mass expulsion was accompanied by massacres, rape and imprisonment of men in labor camps for periods over a year."
6770:
has pointed out that the archives of the Arab states, including those of the main Arab political parties, royal courts, and armies, all remain closed. Consequently, historians are forced to rely primarily on Western and Israeli documentation.
10317:
closed. They haven't opened anything. So, here they are criticizing Israel for having opened certain documents and then having closed them again while the Arabs and the Palestinians have closed everything and have been hiding everything from
7115:
as scores of historical documentation has since revealed, the Yishuv encouraged the flight or directly forced 750,000 Palestinians (more than 80 percent of the population at the time) from their homeland in 1948 and destroyed 531 Palestinian
7214:
Israeli historians generally believe they are both ideologically and empirically impartial, and that the only reliable sources for the reconstruction of the 1948 war are in Israeli official documents and the archives of the Israel Defense
5870:
Several authors have conducted studies on the number of Palestinian localities that were abandoned, evacuated or destroyed during the 1947–1949 period. Based on their respective calculations, the table below summarises their information.
4618:
The history of the Palestinian exodus is closely tied to the events of the war in Palestine, which lasted from 1947 to 1949, and to the political events preceding it. The first phase of that war began on 30 November 1947, a day after the
6637:
and a third of the veterans' memoirs, have presented a more balanced narrative. Since the 1990s, also textbooks used in the educational system, some without approval of the Ministry of Education, began to present the balanced narrative.
5601:
stopped the arrests and ordered the speedy eviction of all the Arabs, including women, children, and the elderly." In explanation, Flapan cites that Ben-Gurion said that "those who made war on us bear responsibility after their defeat."
6746:, a government minister and an active Zionist in Iraq, adamantly opposed the analogy: "I don't regard the departure of Jews from Arab lands as that of refugees. They came here because they wanted to, as Zionists." In a Knesset hearing,
4831:—attacks or fear of impending attack" but that only "an extremely small, almost insignificant number of the refugees during this early period left because of Haganah or IZL or LHI expulsion orders or forceful 'advice' to that effect."
9931:, 48 (2), 235–248; Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2012); Podeh, Eli. (2002). "The Arab-Israeli conflict in history textbooks (1948–2000)." Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey. Overview of the Israeli memory of the Palestinian refugee problem.
7052:
By 1948, the majority of Palestinians, about 700,000 to 800,000 people from 500 to 600 villages, were displaced. They were either expelled or fled from their homes for fear of being killed, as had actually taken place in a number of
6392:
However, al-Husseini, Palestinian governor of East Jerusalem in the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), has said that the Israeli law "is racist and imperialistic, which aims at seizing thousands of acres and properties of lands".
10295:
archives. This means that anyone interested in understanding the Arab side in the 1948 War is forced, in the main, to view it through the eyes and documentation of Western and Israeli diplomats, analysts, and intelligence officers.
6641:
Palestinian narratives more significantly in their publications. Moreover, Israel opened up part of its archives in the 1980s for investigation by historians. This coincided with the emergence of various Israeli historians, called
6763:, an expert on Arab oral history, has argued that the often "excessive or even exclusive reliance on Israeli archives", even by the New Historians, with the exception of Ilan Pappé, has "limited their narratives and conclusions".
5400:
The Haganah broadcast a warning to Arabs in Haifa on 21 April: "that unless they sent away 'infiltrated dissidents' they would be advised to evacuate all women and children, because they would be strongly attacked from now on".
5392:
intercepts of radio broadcasts from the region, concluded that no orders or instructions were given by the Arab Higher Committee. Benny Morris agrees with Karsh, while also acknowledging "an undercurrent of expulsive thinking."
5353:
in April, poisoning the water supplies of certain villages, including a successful operation that caused a typhoid epidemic in Acre in early May, and an unsuccessful attempt in Gaza that was foiled by the Egyptians in late May.
7558:: "Meanwhile, the subsequent May 1948 outbreak of regional war between the newly declared state of Israel and the Arab states, beginning the prolonged Arab-Israeli conflict, was contemporaneously explained by Arab League chief
9155:
Q) Is UNRWA involved in the Middle East peace negotiations and in the discussions on a solution to the refugee issue? A) No. UNRWA is a humanitarian agency and its mandate defines its role as one of providing services to the
6750:
stated emphatically: "I have this to say: I am not a refugee." He added: "I came at the behest of Zionism, due to the pull that this land exerts, and due to the idea of redemption. Nobody is going to define me as a refugee."
6549:
introduced a bill that would outlaw all Nakba commemorations, with a three-year prison sentence for such acts of remembrance. Following public criticism the bill draft was changed, the prison sentence dropped and instead the
5622:(then a brigadier general, later IDF chief of staff). The agreement assured the civilians that they would not be harmed, but the next day, Laskov handed Dunkelman an order to evacuate the population, which Dunkelman refused.
12845:
8021:
5968:
7084:
Petersen-Overton, Kristofer J.; Schmidt, Johannes D.; Hersh, Jacques (27 September 2010). "3. Retooling Peace Philosophy: A Critical Look at Israel's Separation Strategy". In Carter, Candice C.; Kumar, Ravindra (eds.).
8811:
Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine Submitted to the Secretary-General for Transmission to the Members of the United Nations Part 1 Section V para 6. "It is not yet known what the policy of the
8998:
6564:
writes that the Israeli version of history is that the "Palestinians left voluntarily or under orders from their leaders and that Israelis had no responsibility, material or moral, for their plight." She also finds a
5425:". A systematic destruction of Arab housing in certain areas, which had been planned before the War, was implemented by Haifa's Technical and Urban Development departments in cooperation with the IDF's city commander
5794:
Noting furthermore the declaration by the State of Israel that it "unreservedly accepts the obligations of the United Nations Charter and undertakes to honour them from the day when it becomes a member of the United
5538:
According to Morris's estimates, 250,000 to 300,000 Palestinians left Israel during this stage. "Keesing's Contemporary Archives" in London place the total number of refugees before Israel's independence at 300,000.
5511:, being on the coast, gave the Carmel villages access to the outside world and so was chosen as the point to surround the Carmel villages as a part of the Coastal Clearing offensive operation in the beginning of the
4811:
instructions were: In case of resistance, the population of conquered villages was to be expelled outside the borders of the Jewish state. If no resistance was met, the residents could stay put, under military rule.
9097:
12838:
8357:
On the 25th or 26th of April, the people knew in Jaffa there was no hope. Also, the massacre in Deir Yassin or some other villages made panic among the Arab Palestinians. They started preparing for immigration.
9466:
4593:
passed by the first Israeli government prevented Arabs who had left from returning to their homes or claiming their property. They and many of their descendants remain refugees. The existence of the so-called
6374:(December)", which according to article 37 of the "Absentees Property Law, 5710-1950" was replaced by the latter; the "Emergency Regulations (Requisition of Property) Law, 5709-1949", and other related laws.
11843:
11693:
10629:
9093:
4950:
6629:
the more balanced narrative (at times called onwards a "post-Zionist"). According to this narrative, some Palestinians left willingly (due to calls of Arab or their leadership to partially leave, fear, and
12861:
427:
6587:
The approach of the State of Israel and of Israeli-Jews to the causes of the exodus are divided into two main periods: 1949 – late 1970s, late 1970s – present (a period characterized by the advent of the
8489:
1961 Correspondence in "The Spectator" on "Why the Refugees Left" Originally Appendix E of Khalidi, Walid, "Plan Dalet Revisited: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine" in 18 no. 1, (Aut. 88): 51–70.
4670:
resulted in Palestinian Arab retaliation and condemnation. Jewish reprisal operations were directed against villages and neighborhoods from which attacks against Jews were believed to have originated.
8605:
Morris, 2004, p. 247; unsigned short report on Tantura Operation, IDFA 922/75//949, and Ya'akov B.,' in the name of the deputy OC "A" company "Report on Operation Namal" 26 May 1948, IDFA 6647/49//13.
9126:
This was the definition accepted by the drafters of the resolution 194 for the purposes of defining the entire group of Palestinians who were entitled to the protection of the International Community
8482:
6759:
An ongoing scholarly critique of the Israeli narratives about the events of 1948 is the overreliance of Israeli historians on Israeli official documents and archival sources. American historian
6418:
The Israeli government has systematically scoured Israeli archives to remove documents evidencing Israeli massacres of Palestinian villagers in 1947 and 1948 that led to the Palestinian exodus.
4673:
The retaliations were more damaging than the provoking attack and included killing of armed and unarmed men, destruction of houses and sometimes expulsion of inhabitants. The Zionist groups of
10349:
8055:
8001:
9552:
9601:
9490:
6353:
The first challenge facing Israel was to transform its control over land into legal ownership. This was the motivation underlying the passing of several of the first group of land laws.
5992:
In another study, Abu Sitta shows the following findings in eight distinct phases of the depopulation of Palestine between 1947 and 1949. His findings are summarized in the table below:
6389:
and the Palestinian exodus, as advocacy groups have suggested that there are strong ties between the two processes and some of them even claim that decoupling the two issues is unjust.
20831:
8411:, "A unit had been formed to develop biological weapons, and there is evidence that these were used during 1948 to poison the water supplies of Akka and Gaza with typhoid bacteria.";
6170:& BADIL, May 2005, p. 34. The source being: Abu Sitta, Salman (2001): "From Refugees to Citizens at Home". London: Palestine Land Society and Palestinian Return Centre, 2001.
5755:
to their homes while Jewish immigrants flow into Palestine, and indeed, offer the threat of permanent replacement of the Arab refugees who have been rooted in the land for centuries.
22732:
5625:
Additionally, widespread looting and several cases of rape took place during the evacuation. In total, about 100,000 Palestinians became refugees in this stage according to Morris.
5542:
8186:
internal affairs. The text clarified unequivocally that expulsion concerned only those villages that would fight against the Hagana and resist occupation and not all Arab hamlets.
8018:
5442:
easy for people like Ben-Gurion to believe the capture of uninhabited territory was both necessary for security reasons and desirable for the homogeneity of the new Hebrew state.
8912:
Progress Report of the United Nations Mediator on Palestine Submitted to the Secretary-General for Transmission to the Members of the United Nations see part 1 section V para 6.
11529:
11524:
9291:
9189:
8905:
8859:
8804:
10136:
6293:, many Palestinians tried, in one way or another, to return to their homes. For some time these practices continued to embarrass the Israeli authorities until they passed the
5437:
According to Glazer (1980, p. 111), from 15 May 1948 onwards, expulsion of Palestinians became a regular practice. Avnery (1971), explaining the Zionist rationale, says,
5380:
Karsh concludes that there was no Jewish grand design to force this departure, and that in fact the Haifa Jewish leadership tried to convince some Arabs to stay, to no avail.
432:
133:
9578:
8995:
22166:
5529:
A report from the military intelligence SHAI of the Haganah titled "The emigration of Palestinian Arabs in the period 1/12/1947-1/6/1948", dated 30 June 1948, affirms that:
10227:
6518:. Countless books, songs and poems have been written about the Nakba. The exodus is usually described in strongly emotional terms. For example, at the controversial 2001
6342:
of land and property, a process that it had begun decades earlier. For the first few years of Israel's existence, many of the new laws continued to be rooted in earlier
5488:. On 11 May 1948 Ben-Gurion convened the "Consultancy"; the outcome of the meeting is confirmed in a letter to commanders of the Haganah Brigades telling them that the
10158:
9406:
8686:
PDF copy of Cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations: S/745: 15 May 1948: Retrieved 6 June 2012
6473:
5786:, on 12 May 1949, Israel agreed in principle to allow the return of all Palestinian refugees. At the same time, Israel became a member of the U.N. upon the passage of
9463:
22792:
10609:
10289:
7728:
7623:
4606:. The status of the refugees, and in particular whether Israel will allow them the right to return to their homes, or compensate them, are key issues in the ongoing
4586:
epidemics in some areas caused by Israeli well-poisoning, and the collapse of Palestinian leadership including the demoralizing impact of wealthier classes fleeing.
10107:
7759:
7685:
4815:
Palestinian belligerency in these first few months was "disorganised, sporadic and localised and for months remained chaotic and uncoordinated, if not undirected".
4574:, although some disagree. Factors involved in the exodus include direct expulsions by Israeli forces, destruction of Arab villages, psychological warfare including
9270:
5038:
9382:
7294:
7248:
5573:
Israeli operations labeled Dani and Dekel that broke the truce were the start of the third phase of expulsions. The largest single expulsion of the war began in
6829:
that deals with a young woman going to Israel in the present day and using her visit to investigate her soldier grandfather's part in the post-war phase of the
22999:
22392:
9234:
11430:
10166:
6447:, with Israeli documents from 1948 themselves using the term "to cleanse" when referring to uprooting Arabs. Not all historians accept this characterization.
22927:
22780:
21017:
9851:
9995:
7566:: "The massacre of Deir Yassin was to a great extent the cause of the wrath of the Arab nations and the most important factor for sending the Arab armies."
6409:
criteria related to the use and registration of Miri lands—one of the most prevalent types in Palestine—and to facilitate Israel's acquisition of such land.
4566:
Although the causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus remain a significantly controversial topic in public and political discourse, with a prominent amount of
22871:
20448:
6297:, which defines offenses of armed and non-armed infiltration to Israel and from Israel to hostile neighboring countries. According to Arab Israeli writer
5834:
As towns and villages were either conquered or abandoned in the conflict, looting by Jewish forces and residents was so widespread that, in the aftermath,
5426:
4512:
9876:, 62 (4), 653–670; Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2011). "Origins of the Palestinian refugee problem: Changes in the historical memory of Israelis/Jews 1949–2004."
11916:
11686:
8627:
Morris, Benny (1986): "The Causes and Character of the Arab Exodus from Palestine: The Israel Defense Forces Intelligence Branch Analysis of June 1948".
6184:
4987:
233:
20496:
11826:
9927:, 62 (4), 653–670; Nets-Zehngut, R. (2011). "Origins of the Palestinian refugee problem: Changes in the historical memory of Israelis/Jews 1949–2004".
8146:
5033:
4758:
8479:
6511:
carried by so many Palestinian refugees, the "collective memory of that experience has shaped the identity of the Palestinian refugees as a people".
22804:
7272:
6785:(1997), a documentary film by Benny Brunner and Alexandra Jansse that follows the events surrounding the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem.
12830:
9260:"Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine". COHRE & BADIL, May 2005, p. 37.
8059:
7171:
5746:, was involved in the conflict from the very beginning. In the autumn of 1948 the refugee problem was a fact and possible solutions were discussed.
22151:
21678:
20428:
10339:
10025:
7998:
6667:
as "the most classical" and "the most mainstream" of the New Historians—has been critical of Benny Morris, saying that, since the beginning of the
6309:
5644:
in order to wrest control over part, or all, of the West Bank where the latter was entrenched. It was in this context that Ben-Gurion then ordered
4570:, most scholarship today agrees that expulsions and violence, and the fear thereof, were the primary causes. Scholars widely describe the event as
8931:
22318:
19995:
11759:
9527:
9449:
6952:
6579:
writes that "the Nakba was so swift and catastrophic that no Palestinian political organization of any kind existed for over a decade after it."
5568:
138:
11177:
10513:
9614:
9487:
8742:
4590:
4555:
on 14 May 1948. The desire to prevent the collapse of the Palestinians and to avoid more refugees were some of the reasons for the entry of the
23296:
23205:
22678:
22672:
22472:
22237:
19746:
19555:
11733:
11669:
8415:, p. 191, "Egyptian Ministry of Defense and, later, Israeli historians, contend that Israeli soldiers contaminated Acre’s water supply.";
6252:
5787:
5023:
4548:
196:
101:
8017:
Amnesty International. "Israel's Apartheid against Palestinians: A Cruel System of Domination and a Crime against Humanity," 1 February 2022.
22975:
22891:
22859:
22666:
5739:
5013:
9060:
4765:, placing the blame on other Arab leaders, but in practice few resources were devoted to the project, and the only attempted killing was of
22939:
22886:
22881:
22876:
22227:
10592:
7545:, the Arab governments' primary goal was preventing the Palestinians' total ruin and the flooding of their own countries by more refugees."
7292:
Ghanim, Honaida (March 2009). "Poetics of Disaster: Nationalism, Gender, and Social Change Among Palestinian Poets in Israel After Nakba".
6927:
6682:
6386:
4507:. The expulsion and flight was a central component of the fracturing, dispossession, and displacement of Palestinian society, known as the
10083:
6554:
would have the authority to reduce state funding for Israeli institutions that hold the commemorations. The new draft was approved by the
5762:, passed on 11 December 1948 and reaffirmed every year since, was the first resolution that called for Israel to let the refugees return:
23193:
22708:
22201:
21088:
11648:
11202:
10402:
7932:
6570:
6405:
The "Land (Acquisition for Public Purposes) Ordinance (1943)". To authorise the confiscation of lands for Government and public purposes.
5865:
5801:
4823:
Overall, Morris concludes that during this period the "Arab evacuees from the towns and villages left largely because of Jewish—Haganah,
4624:
4516:
4475:
78:
11003:
10647:"Instrumentalising the Holocaust: Israel, Settler-Colonialism, Genocide (Creating a Conversation between Raphaël Lemkin and Ilan Pappé)"
10196:
7517:
23005:
22377:
22191:
18098:
17212:
10615:
9906:
Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2011). "Origins of the Palestinian refugee problem: Changes in the historical memory of Israelis/Jews 1949–2004".
9893:
Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2011). "Origins of the Palestinian refugee problem: Changes in the historical memory of Israelis/Jews 1949–2004".
9760:
6781:
4742:
The Haganah was instructed to avoid spreading the conflagration by stopping indiscriminate attacks and provoking British intervention.
4682:
deteriorated: the economic situation became unstable, and unemployment grew. Some Palestinian Arab leaders sent their families abroad.
17:
9747:, Durban (South Africa), 28 August 2001. World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerances.
8877:
6545:. It is traditionally observed as an important day of remembrance. In May 2009 the political party headed by Israeli foreign minister
5468:
had been harassing the Jewish traffic on the main road to Haifa. A decision was made on 9 May 1948 to expel or subdue the villages of
23011:
22828:
22280:
19198:
18340:
11869:
11628:
11195:"The Battlefield Use of Chemical, Biological and Nuclear Weapons from 1945 to 2008: Structural Realist Versus Normative Explanations"
10676:
9288:
9186:
8902:
8856:
8801:
6962:
6263:
conflict" and also covers the descendants of persons who became refugees in 1948. The UNRWA mandate does not extend to final status.
4871:
10313:
The first thing I would say is that those who say this are completely hypocritical, because when you look at Arab archives they are
10048:
9711:
Honaida Ghanim (2009). "Poetics of Disaster: Nationalism, gender, and social change among Palestinian poets in Israel after Nakba".
22232:
20265:
19352:
9331:
9142:
4552:
83:
9648:
9574:
21668:
20312:
17809:
17017:
11909:
8688:
5492:
offensive should not distract their troops from the principal tasks: "the cleansing of Palestine remained the prime objective of
4899:
4654:
became volatile, although throughout this period both Arab and Jewish leaders tried to limit hostilities. According to historian
4532:
208:
11569:
iNakba is a mobile app enabling users to locate, learn and contribute information about Palestinian localities destroyed in 1948
6845:
about a Palestinian girl's experience during the Nakba, based on a true story she was told as a child about a girl named Radieh.
22738:
22161:
20433:
18740:
18373:
18053:
17908:
17499:
10219:
5982:
5331:. Combined with the fear inspired by Deir Yassin, each of these military actions resulted in panicked Palestinian evacuations.
5275:
22786:
5417:
By mid-May there were only ~4,000 Palestinians in Haifa. This remaining Arab population was relocated to the neighbourhood of
22451:
22382:
22156:
20091:
19778:
17245:
12873:
11511:
11493:
11468:
11387:
11366:
11348:
11330:
11312:
11287:
11269:
11229:
11125:
11104:
11082:
11075:
11047:
11030:
10940:
10903:
10854:
10804:
10790:
10776:
10762:
10745:
10727:
10623:
10544:
10537:
10468:
10454:
10440:
10426:
10396:
9107:
8751:
8206:
8178:
7947:
7860:
7722:
7679:
7511:
7461:
7288:
7199:
7145:
7108:
7072:
7045:
7022:
6488:
also used the term Nakba in the title of his book "Sir al Nakba" (The Secret behind the Disaster) written in 1955. After the
6427:
23035:
21179:
11235:
10308:
9403:
6857:
5581:
14 July when 60,000 inhabitants of the two cities (nearly 8.6% of the whole exodus) were forcibly expelled on the orders of
20998:
20923:
20583:
20183:
9531:
8837:
8543:– "In July, Haifa's remaining inhabitants, some 3,500, were packed into a ghetto in the downtown Wadi Nisnas neighborhood."
7906:
4658:, the period was marked by Palestinian Arab attacks and Jewish defensiveness, increasingly punctuated by Jewish reprisals.
10692:
Esber, Rosemarie M. (May 2005). "Rewriting The History of 1948: The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Question Revisited".
9923:
Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2008). "The Israeli National Information Center and collective memory of the Israeli-Arab conflict".
9872:
Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2008). "The Israeli national Information Center and collective memory of the Israeli-Arab conflict".
7615:
6893:
6709:
to "pair any explicit reference to Palestinian refugees with a similar reference to Jewish or other refugee populations".
23131:
22993:
22311:
22196:
20603:
19736:
11623:
10104:
9807:
9170:
7756:
6335:
5855:
trembling of the hands. And that wasn't because of the weight. Even now my hands are shaking, just from writing about it.
5289:
121:
19845:
19773:
9740:
9274:
6401:
A number of Israeli laws were enacted that enabled the further acquisition of depopulated lands. Among these laws were:
23301:
22285:
21638:
20733:
19711:
19596:
19550:
19545:
19491:
11902:
11864:
11595:
5759:
5550:
cablegram stating the expulsion of, at that point, 250,000 Palestinians, as a reason for their entry into the territory
15955:
9374:
8511:
Benny Morris (1988). "Haifa’s Arabs: Displacement and Concentration, July 1948". Middle East Journal, 42(2), 241–259.
7600:
5657:
3413:
23321:
22915:
22896:
21370:
20933:
20203:
20144:
12860:
11874:
11260:
8527:
8458:
6869:
6821:
6606:
4974:
19941:
9910:, 48 (2), 235–248; Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2012). "Overview of the Israeli memory of the Palestinian refugee problem".
9238:
8766:
8552:
Azoulay, Ariella. "Declaring the State of Israel: Declaring a State Of". Critical Inquiry 37, no. 2 (2011): 265–85.
7651:
22969:
21073:
21068:
20563:
20526:
20255:
19701:
19337:
12865:
11415:
10962:
8844:
8813:
7913:
7354:
7241:
7182:
the overwhelming majority of Palestinian Arabs, perhaps 700,000 to 800,000 people, had either fled or been expelled
7126:
The Nakba is a catastrophe describing "the expulsion and flight of the Palestinians which reached its peak in 1948"
6932:
4607:
20751:
20613:
20297:
15550:
9880:, 48 (2), 235–248; Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2012). Overview of the Israeli memory of the Palestinian refugee problem.
6301:, the purpose of the law was to prevent Palestinians from returning to Israel, those who did so being regarded as
4638:
existed outside Israel, with about one-quarter of the estimated 160,000 Palestinian Arabs remaining in Israel as "
3008:
23247:
23217:
22347:
21793:
21174:
21103:
21003:
20881:
20653:
20643:
20230:
19617:
15649:
8935:
7037:
Clinical Care for Homeless, Runaway and Refugee Youth: Intervention Approaches, Education and Research Directions
6519:
5307:
and the rumours that followed it spread fear among the Palestinians. Next, the Haganah defeated local militia in
5065:
3107:
460:
400:
20568:
20455:
20443:
13534:
9987:
8556:– " the ghetto in Wadi Nisnas that had been established for them after they had been expelled from their homes."
992:
23235:
22933:
22304:
21224:
20993:
20573:
20475:
20208:
19652:
19647:
16783:
13516:
13498:
11894:
10846:
10260:
8140:
7714:
7255:
6329:
6294:
6280:
5721:
According to Morris, 200,000–230,000 Palestinians fled during Operation Hiram and Operation Yoav. According to
5053:
4979:
4928:
4241:
974:
956:
22357:
20893:
20623:
20134:
19906:
15838:
15658:
14992:
13723:
8056:"General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine"
7120:
Natour, Ghaleb (2015). "The Nakba—Flight and Expulsion of the Palestinians in 1948". In Hoppe, Andreas (ed.).
3296:
3116:
2450:
1181:
23316:
23253:
23229:
23017:
22816:
22171:
21186:
21139:
20903:
20826:
20558:
16180:
14956:
14632:
14623:
14434:
13741:
10611:
Ruling Palestine: A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
9307:
Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
9030:
Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
9018:
Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
8968:
Masalha, Nur (2009). "Rosemary M. Esber, Under the Cover of War: The Zionist Expulsion of the Palestinians".
8129:
Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
6469:
6308:
According to Kirshbaum, over the years the Israeli Government has continued to cancel and modify some of the
6164:
Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
5955:
Ruling Palestine, A History of the Legally Sanctioned Jewish-Israeli Seizure of Land and Housing in Palestine
4720:
3638:
2414:
2090:
2081:
1892:
1199:
20618:
20327:
20250:
19921:
16738:
16027:
15775:
15766:
15739:
15451:
15415:
15361:
13975:
11554:
9785:
6365:(Validation of Acts and Compensation) Law (1953)'. Closures need not be published in the Official Gazette."
4196:
3485:
3233:
3224:
3197:
2909:
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2819:
1433:
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16603:
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15910:
15298:
14758:
14704:
14695:
13750:
13705:
10914:
10863:
10861:
Kapeliouk, Amnon (1987). "New Light on the Israeli-Arab Conflict and the Refugee Problem and Its Origins".
10813:
9348:
8640:
Kapeliouk, Amnon (1987). "New Light on the Israeli–Arab Conflict and the Refugee Problem and Its Origins".
6551:
5973:
Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992, App. IV, pp. xix, 585–586; and Sitta, Salman Abu:
5518:
On the night of 22–23 May 1948, one week and one day after the declaration of Independence of the State of
5144:
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179:
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14407:
14254:
13939:
13732:
13165:
7976:
7269:
7238:
Poetics of Disaster: Nationalism, Gender, and Social Change Among Palestinian Poets in Israel After Nakba,
5640:). Later on the same day, his cabinet turned down his proposal that Israel launch an invasion against the
4367:
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3431:
3314:
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3098:
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2900:
2747:
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2108:
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13903:
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13543:
13201:
11885:
11718:
11664:
10559:
10480:
10128:
8587:
Morris, 2004, p. 246; Summary meeting of the Arab Affairs Advisor in Netanya 9 May 1948 IDF 6127/49//109.
5783:
5777:
5743:
4894:
4599:
4457:
4385:
4331:
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3512:
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2144:
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1361:
1055:
1001:
659:
184:
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15127:
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14911:
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14461:
14011:
13993:
13894:
13885:
13624:
13561:
13282:
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has written in an article entitled "Hitching A Ride on the Magic Carpet" published in the Israeli daily
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4007:
3971:
3917:
3188:
3170:
3152:
2585:
2495:
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2333:
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1919:
1469:
1451:
1352:
1343:
1082:
1019:
740:
22013:
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20151:
19954:
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16945:
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16081:
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15073:
15028:
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14776:
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13984:
13804:
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13048:
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11503:
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11117:
11096:
8344:
8292:
8240:
7852:
6881:
6706:
5268:
4957:
4909:
4880:
4531:
and properties were looted to prevent Palestinian refugees from returning. Other sites were subject to
4403:
4178:
4133:
4079:
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2009:
1901:
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785:
506:
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2801:
2792:
2567:
2522:
2513:
2432:
2342:
2207:
2036:
1982:
1775:
1145:
1028:
911:
866:
23306:
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23119:
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13030:
11925:
11674:
11379:
11139:
10475:
10388:
7585:
Abu-Laban, Yasmeen; Bakan, Abigail B. (July 2022). "Anti-Palestinian Racism and Racial Gaslighting".
7503:
7014:
6290:
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allowing for immigration and naturalization of any Jewish person and their family to Israel, while a
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128:
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13615:
13525:
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13489:
13363:
13147:
13084:
7080:
Palestinian population were expelled, or fled, all completely terrorized and fearing for their lives
6698:
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13210:
13174:
13120:
11397:
10891:
9841:
9428:
9218:. Vol. 11, No. 1, 10th Anniversary Issue: Palestinians under Occupation. (Autumn, 1981), pp. 67–92.
8653:
Intelligence report "Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs between December 1, 1947, and June 1, 1948".
6722:
6717:
perspective the fulfilment of "a national dream" and of Israeli national policy in the form of the
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4187:
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2126:
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2054:
1946:
1829:
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1721:
1703:
1568:
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1415:
1307:
1298:
1280:
1244:
938:
893:
803:
668:
632:
578:
375:
21608:
16855:
16792:
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16486:
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15082:
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14497:
14380:
14191:
14137:
14128:
14056:
14038:
13831:
13552:
13192:
13129:
13102:
10377:"A Quantitative Overview of Biological Weapons: Identification, Characterization, and Attribution"
9757:
9067:
6338:, Israel designed a system of law that legitimised both a continuation and a consolidation of the
5767:
international law or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or authorities responsible.
4313:
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13588:
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13300:
13255:
13237:
13111:
13066:
13057:
11708:
9944:
Nets-Zehngut, Rafi. (2012). "Overview of the Israeli memory of the Palestinian refugee problem".
8539:
Finkelstein, Norman. "Myths, Old and New". Journal of Palestine Studies 21, no. 1 (1991): 66–89.
7421:
7137:
6937:
6485:
5346:
regards Deir Yassin as "a turning point in the annals of the destruction of the Arab landscape".
5227:
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in the event that, the moment the British were gone, new troubles broke out. Plan Gimel included
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11405:
Palestine: The Collective Destruction of Palestinian Villages and Zionist Colonisation 1882–1982
11023:
Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882–1948
8455:""Middle East Source Documents – Haifa – British Police Report Regarding Flight of Arabs – 1948"
6685:, which involved the departure, flight, migration, and expulsion of 800,000–1,000,000 Jews from
6657:
refers to Pappé's assertion of a master plan by Jews to expel Arabs, as contrived. On his part,
6541:
In the Palestinian calendar, the day after Israel declared independence (15 May) is observed as
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10554:
10071:
8596:
Yehuda Slutzky, ""Summary of the Hagana Book"", pp. 486–7. Cited from Ilan Pappé, 2006, p. 128.
7749:
Benny Morris (21 February 2008). "Benny Morris on fact, fiction, & propaganda about 1948".
6702:
6436:
6361:
Among the more important initial laws was article 125 of the "Defence (Emergency) Regulations"
5747:
5446:
Based on research of numerous archives, Morris provides an analysis of Haganah-induced flight:
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116:
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13354:
13156:
13039:
10957:
10376:
10283:
7927:
7708:
7449:
7131:
7060:
Remembering and Imagining Palestine: Identity and Nationalism from the Crusades to the Present
7058:
7035:
6443:
noted in 2010 that the events of the Nakba were by that point "widely described" as involving
4634:
In September 1949, the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated 711,000
4169:
4034:
3989:
3980:
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3710:
3449:
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3341:
3305:
2729:
2702:
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1811:
1784:
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1604:
1550:
1523:
1325:
929:
857:
830:
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614:
497:
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21013:
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20553:
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20245:
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19629:
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19162:
18510:
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17963:
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16990:
16846:
16684:
16639:
16585:
16189:
16036:
15919:
15829:
15577:
15496:
15478:
15280:
15235:
15136:
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14614:
14587:
14533:
14479:
14452:
14389:
14209:
14155:
14074:
13966:
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13921:
13912:
13876:
13813:
13795:
13759:
13714:
13678:
13417:
13309:
13138:
12656:
12628:
11859:
11322:
9609:
9338:, Presented at the 14 Jewish Studies Conference Melbourne March 2002. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
7669:
7497:
7191:
7166:
up to 750,000 Palestinians who had lived on that land fled or were expelled from their homes.
6996:
6789:
5261:
4944:
4709:
4504:
4448:
4304:
4142:
4097:
4043:
3647:
3494:
3377:
3287:
3035:
2954:
2936:
2738:
2693:
2594:
2288:
2072:
2045:
1991:
1937:
1910:
1847:
1667:
1613:
1532:
1424:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1334:
1271:
1253:
1217:
1172:
1136:
875:
767:
596:
370:
16774:
16234:
14560:
14200:
10188:
7279:, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights; Cleveland, William L.
6801:, a Palestinian village that was captured and depopulated by Israeli forces in the 1948 war.
4232:
3692:
2018:
1658:
23163:
23099:
22909:
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22510:
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18272:
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17603:
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17536:
12565:
12525:
12505:
11754:
8881:
8737:
8306:
7563:
7542:
6957:
6805:
6721:. He notes the efforts of Israeli agents working in Arab countries, including those of the
6385:
The absentee property law is directly linked to the controversy of parallelism between the
6180:
5404:
Commenting on the use of "psychological warfare broadcasts" and military tactics in Haifa,
5304:
5251:
5207:
5159:
5028:
4967:
4919:
4689:
4603:
4579:
4539:
167:
111:
11568:
10646:
8676:: "Keesing's Contemporary Archives" (London: Keesing's Publications, 1948–1973). p. 10101.
6653:
says that Pappé's research is flecked with inaccuracies and characterized by distortions.
8:
23075:
23055:
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22610:
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22018:
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20608:
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20332:
20302:
20280:
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20056:
19783:
19706:
19676:
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19453:
18977:
18325:
17956:
17524:
17275:
17270:
12961:
12200:
11713:
11618:
10040:
7352:(19 September 2022). "'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War".
6515:
6286:
5500:
5212:
5202:
5188:
5169:
4807:
was the master plan for the expulsion of the Palestinians. However, according to Gelber,
4651:
4635:
4492:
453:
73:
20963:
20876:
11500:
The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Socialism, and the Making of the Jewish State
9464:"Burying the Nakba: How Israel Systematically Hides Evidence of 1948 Expulsion of Arabs"
9328:
9138:
7530:
In 1948 half of Palestine's ... Arabs were uprooted from their homes and became refugees
6596:
newspapers, memoirs of 1948 war veterans, and in the studies of the research community.
6569:
among Israelis that Palestinians bear the blame for the Nakba by not accepting the UN's
23169:
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22645:
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20703:
20678:
20673:
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20235:
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19386:
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19230:
19220:
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18668:
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18226:
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17649:
17183:
12946:
12728:
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11638:
11169:
11018:
10995:
10880:
10830:
10750:
10584:
10505:
9688:
9640:
9329:"THE FORGOTTEN REFUGEES: the causes of the post-1948 Jewish Exodus from Arab Countries"
7476:
7371:
7327:
7319:
7092:
7064:
6508:
6507:" (the barefoot child always drawn from behind), and the symbolic key for the house in
6347:
6317:
5678:
5350:
5242:
5232:
5124:
5085:
4887:
4524:
4495:'s predominantly Arab population – were expelled or fled from their homes, at first by
4484:
213:
143:
92:
21958:
21787:
8440:
Karsh, E. "Nakbat Haifa: Collapse and Dispersion of a Major Palestinian Community" in
7157:
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22951:
22853:
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22275:
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11173:
11161:
11135:
11121:
11100:
11078:
11071:
11043:
11040:
The Palestine Nakba: Decolonising History, Narrating the Subaltern, Reclaiming Memory
11026:
10987:
10979:
10953:
10936:
10899:
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10800:
10786:
10772:
10758:
10741:
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8309:
outside Jerusalem only ten days before increasing their fear and panic as Haifa fell.
8202:
8174:
7943:
7899:
7856:
7718:
7675:
7541:
Gelber 2006, p. 137: "Drawn into the war by the collapse of the Palestinians and the
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7195:
7141:
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6546:
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5969:
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
5839:
5597:, under which the two towns were seized, revealed that no such co-operation existed.
4863:
4792:
4773:
4639:
330:
22252:
21923:
10999:
10769:
Records of Dispossession: Palestinian Refugee Property and the Arab-Israeli Conflict
9671:
Teveth, Shabtai (April 1990). "The Palestine Arab Refugee Problem and Its Origins".
6813:
that tells the story of the exodus and return of a small Palestinian village called
23241:
23157:
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19808:
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191:
12862:
Palestinian Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
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22053:
22028:
21973:
21738:
21706:
21598:
21558:
21320:
21315:
21255:
21196:
20928:
20806:
20633:
20598:
20506:
20501:
20225:
20119:
19793:
19726:
19716:
19681:
19637:
19624:
19576:
19381:
19369:
19066:
18936:
18755:
18602:
18486:
18304:
18240:
18066:
17946:
17792:
17710:
17685:
17618:
17551:
17418:
17304:
17169:
17164:
17051:
12921:
12575:
12344:
12312:
12072:
11558:
11546:
11411:
11219:
10797:
Palestine 1948. War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem.
10715:
10344:
10111:
9846:
9744:
9494:
9470:
9410:
9335:
9295:
9235:"Israeli Emergency Regulations & The Defense (Emergency) Regulations of 1945"
9193:
9174:
9002:
8909:
8863:
8841:
8808:
8770:
8692:
8661:
8486:
8168:
8150:
8025:
8005:
7936:
7910:
7763:
7751:
7655:
7276:
7259:
7245:
7133:
Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917-2020
6947:
6842:
6826:
6760:
6733:
6713:
6668:
6356:
6339:
6271:
refugees have no form of identification other than an UNRWA identification card.
5690:
5682:
5665:
This period of the exodus was characterized by Israeli military accomplishments;
5473:
5197:
5129:
5078:
4816:
4762:
350:
36:
20220:
12809:. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
11924:
10921:
Khalidi, Walid (1961). "Plan Dalet, Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine".
10618:(COHRE) / BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency & Refugee Rights.
9968:
8996:'Jewish soldiers and civilians looted Arab neighbors' property en masse in '48,'
8834:
8170:
Palestine 1948: War, Escape And The Emergence Of The Palestinian Refugee Problem
7903:
7419:
Bardi, Ariel Sophia (March 2016). "The "Architectural Cleansing" of Palestine".
5669:, in October, this cleared the road to the Negev, culminating in the capture of
5661:
IDF operation order for the destruction of Palestinian villages in November 1948
4723:, near Jerusalem, overlooking Kibbutz Zova, which was built on the village lands
22945:
22834:
22822:
22635:
22414:
22387:
22083:
22008:
21998:
21993:
21853:
21593:
21382:
21305:
21033:
20938:
20688:
20628:
20260:
20178:
20081:
20041:
20011:
19911:
19866:
19458:
19410:
19332:
19167:
19073:
19013:
18919:
18907:
18865:
18831:
18780:
18699:
18465:
18187:
17936:
17844:
17766:
17558:
17517:
17484:
17202:
17109:
17078:
17032:
12926:
12748:
12364:
12160:
12082:
11633:
11371:
10928:
10555:"Israel and chemical/biological weapons: History, deterrence, and arms control"
9837:
9167:
7493:
6686:
6642:
6589:
6576:
5875:
Abandoned, evacuated or destroyed Palestinian localities (comparative figures)
5694:
5666:
5594:
5324:
5101:
4766:
4620:
4520:
446:
285:
238:
11534:
10572:
10476:"A century of biological-weapons programs (1915–2015): reviewing the evidence"
9815:
9684:
8981:
7307:
5996:
Information on the depopulation of Palestinian towns and villages (1947–1949)
5618:, had signed the surrender agreement on behalf of the Israeli army along with
4803:
detailing how enemy population centers should be handled. According to Pappé,
23290:
23125:
23111:
22921:
22650:
22630:
22525:
22247:
22093:
21988:
21953:
21938:
21898:
21440:
21270:
21008:
20918:
20781:
20761:
20648:
20409:
20387:
20352:
19931:
19926:
19881:
19803:
19763:
19512:
19213:
19174:
19100:
19095:
19061:
19006:
18807:
18785:
18498:
18123:
18021:
17893:
17849:
17773:
17630:
17364:
17282:
17258:
17235:
17157:
17152:
17123:
17104:
17061:
17046:
12991:
12981:
12936:
12911:
12906:
12515:
12495:
12384:
12180:
12092:
12031:
11790:
11165:
10983:
10672:
10580:
10501:
10419:
Refugees into Citizens: Palestinians and the End of the Arab–Israeli Conflict
9764:
9737:
9530:, "A historical controversy: the causes of the Palestinian refugee problem",
9429:"Palestinians warn of executing Israeli "absentee property" law in Jerusalem"
7315:
6942:
6743:
6663:
6654:
6531:
6530:
referred to the Palestinians as "...a nation in captivity held hostage to an
6527:
5686:
5615:
5586:
5422:
5381:
4595:
405:
395:
290:
11805:
10912:, July 1959. Reprinted as "Why Did the Palestinians Leave Revisited". 2005,
10707:
8523:
8154:
6534:, as the most intricate and pervasive expression of persistent colonialism,
5859:
5838:
remarked on 24 July 1948: 'It turns out that most of the Jews are thieves.'
5800:
territory it had captured which had been allocated to the Arab state by the
4780:
305:
22446:
22421:
22033:
21983:
21913:
21903:
21757:
21745:
21732:
21538:
21365:
20866:
20114:
19964:
19823:
19818:
19813:
19519:
19446:
19303:
19257:
19157:
19105:
19030:
18994:
18897:
18872:
18748:
18609:
18597:
18561:
18451:
18175:
18168:
18133:
18073:
18016:
17985:
17980:
17876:
17799:
17780:
17756:
17715:
17474:
17433:
17376:
17176:
17147:
17116:
17085:
17039:
13001:
12738:
12467:
12457:
12329:
12282:
12240:
12130:
12062:
11815:
11800:
11785:
11775:
11703:
11478:
11131:
11109:
11088:
10991:
10975:
9375:"Lyn Julius: Recognising the plight of Jewish refugees from Arab countries"
8826:
8266:
8037:
7972:
7895:
7844:
7345:
7176:
6837:
6810:
6767:
6650:
6601:
6566:
6480:
6448:
6440:
6298:
5715:
5711:
5703:
5645:
5504:
5465:
5405:
5384:
disputes this account, saying that two independent studies, which analysed
5373:
5339:
4904:
4855:
4828:
4796:
4678:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4567:
4488:
320:
300:
280:
270:
243:
10664:
8454:
7100:
22714:
22530:
22078:
21683:
21653:
21508:
21498:
21397:
21260:
21053:
20542:
20372:
20357:
20168:
20016:
19984:
19871:
19686:
19591:
19530:
19150:
18965:
18858:
18843:
18765:
18713:
18583:
18439:
18432:
18410:
18348:
18299:
18192:
18128:
18033:
18004:
17839:
17834:
17829:
17725:
17700:
17690:
17661:
17577:
17489:
17386:
17334:
17314:
17263:
17253:
17128:
12768:
12758:
12718:
12585:
12322:
12250:
12112:
11795:
11780:
11280:
11060:
11052:
11035:
10550:
10380:
9516:
The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict
8763:
8733:
8336:
8284:
8232:
7975:. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA).
7648:
7559:
6561:
6500:
6489:
6343:
5641:
5633:
5619:
5547:
5489:
5418:
5174:
4751:
4732:
4712:
was no longer approving exit permits for fear of panic in the country."
4685:
4556:
310:
295:
275:
10288:(Speech). The Second Annual Professor William Prusoff Honorary Lecture.
10189:"House members seek recognition for Jewish refugees from Arab countries"
10159:"Jewish refugees bill being considered by U.S. House of Representatives"
7323:
7236:
6693:
between 1948 and the 1970s. In three resolutions between 2007 and 2012 (
6203:
4.9 million (Registered with UNRWA—including descendants and re-settled)
5629:
population fled or was expelled from the area under Jewish occupation."
4839:
22585:
22580:
21837:
21548:
21518:
21472:
21387:
21355:
21347:
21290:
20978:
20693:
20382:
20270:
19876:
19432:
19422:
19252:
19037:
18912:
18902:
18848:
18836:
18819:
18802:
18760:
18706:
18614:
18503:
18491:
18444:
18386:
18358:
18182:
17931:
17637:
17512:
17445:
17438:
17292:
17287:
17230:
17225:
17140:
12708:
12646:
12447:
12424:
12394:
12302:
12102:
11947:
11820:
11643:
10884:
10834:
9692:
7499:
Palestinian identity: the construction of modern national consciousness
7434:
6675:
6658:
6649:
Pappé's scholarship on the issue has been subject to severe criticism.
6213:
5722:
5493:
5096:
4808:
4804:
4800:
325:
106:
20491:
12802:
8743:
Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question
8512:
7158:"Why Nakba is the Palestinians' most sombre day, in 100 and 300 words"
5372:
en masse, in one of the most notable flights of this stage. Historian
4515:
targeting Arabs were conducted by Israeli military forces and between
23061:
22774:
22133:
21978:
21827:
21800:
21613:
21568:
21477:
21445:
21425:
21417:
20746:
20536:
19391:
19291:
19240:
18931:
18853:
18578:
18549:
18458:
18403:
18363:
18330:
18197:
18161:
18154:
18140:
18088:
17926:
17921:
17861:
17817:
17654:
17403:
17344:
17324:
17297:
12971:
12697:
12677:
12595:
12404:
12374:
12292:
12220:
12190:
11964:
11810:
11698:
11460:
11304:
10385:
Terrorism, War, or Disease?: Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons
7939:
6747:
6633:), while others were expelled by the Jewish/Israeli fighting forces.
6542:
6217:
5728:
5670:
5481:
5469:
5377:
an Israeli source, on the instructions of the Arab Higher Committee.
5296:
5091:
4575:
360:
315:
248:
11194:
10958:"Biological Weapons in the Twentieth Century: A Review and Analysis"
10876:
10826:
10371:. London: Palestine Land Society and Palestinian Return Centre, 2001
10250:
9544:
8764:"Ari Shavit—Survival Of The Fittest? An Interview With Benny Morris"
7252:
7086:
5966:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987; Khalidi, Walid (ed.):
5846:
to the classic behavior seen by their oppressors during anti-Jewish
5292:, nearly 175,000 Palestinians (approximately 25%) had already fled.
23272:
22798:
22535:
21712:
21553:
21450:
21325:
21144:
21048:
20188:
20046:
19500:
19374:
19310:
19119:
19054:
18926:
18792:
18631:
18542:
18427:
18415:
18284:
17888:
17871:
17824:
17720:
17673:
17642:
17408:
17381:
17349:
17220:
17195:
17073:
12996:
12956:
12941:
12931:
12901:
12896:
12891:
12260:
12210:
12170:
12150:
10461:
Palestinian Refugees: Mythology, Identity, and the Search for Peace
7251:
March 2009 Vol. 22, No. 1 pp.23-39 p.37 Stern, Yoav (13 May 2008).
7161:
6814:
6611:
5843:
5523:
5308:
5300:
365:
20832:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
11140:"'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War"
11057:
The Politics of Denial: Israel and the Palestinian Refugee Problem
8540:
6382:
established between 1948 and 1953, 350 were on absentee property.
27:
Expulsion and flight of Palestinians during the 1948 Palestine war
21658:
21543:
21533:
21482:
21023:
19768:
19225:
19126:
19047:
18970:
18960:
18955:
18877:
18824:
18812:
18797:
18730:
18694:
18520:
18479:
18393:
18267:
18262:
18009:
17997:
17975:
17761:
17565:
17546:
17450:
17413:
17391:
17339:
17066:
12976:
12966:
11998:
11551:
10720:
Under the Cover of War: The Zionist Expulsion of the Palestinians
10309:"Covering and uncovering history: An interview with Benny Morris"
10255:
9005:
8878:"Calling a Spade a Spade: The 1948 Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine"
8615:
8553:
8332:
8307:
massacred many of the inhabitants of a village called Deir Yassin
8280:
8228:
7264:
6988:
6798:
6738:
6616:
6555:
6504:
6313:
5847:
5699:
5508:
5485:
5319:
including psychological warfare a mass flight followed. Finally,
5134:
4705:
4583:
4496:
355:
11564:
Institute for Palestine Studies publishes 1937 Ben-Gurion letter
11540:
United Nations Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People
11199:
American Political Science Association 2010 Annual Meeting Paper
9781:
9352:
8835:'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War
8373:
Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948
7904:'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War
7710:
Sacred landscape: the buried history of the Holy Land since 1948
6681:
The 1948 Palestinian exodus has also drawn comparisons with the
5826:
names were replaced with Hebrew names, based on biblical names.
4627:, which split the territory into Jewish and Arab states, and an
22595:
21726:
21528:
21467:
20402:
19427:
19320:
19284:
19235:
19131:
19083:
19078:
19042:
18999:
18892:
18770:
18687:
18680:
18675:
18658:
18624:
18566:
18554:
18527:
18078:
18026:
17898:
17695:
17608:
17479:
17398:
17329:
17309:
17097:
13006:
12642:
12481:
12340:
12126:
12042:
12027:
12015:
10433:
Original Sins: Reflections on the History of Zionism and Israel
8328:
8276:
8224:
8053:
6726:
6725:
in various Arab countries since the 1930s, to assist a Jewish "
6523:
6514:
The events of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War greatly influenced the
6251:
On 11 December 1948, 12 months prior to UNRWA's establishment,
6233:
5962:: For information on methodologies; see: Morris, Benny (1987):
5519:
5334:
The significance of the attacks by underground military groups
4747:
4736:
4697:
4568:
denialism regarding the responsibility of Israeli/Yishuv forces
4500:
10843:
Birthing the Nation: Strategies of Palestinian Women in Israel
22847:
22211:
22167:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
21673:
21456:
19535:
19415:
19342:
19245:
19206:
18882:
18718:
18653:
18648:
18619:
18537:
18532:
18353:
18311:
18294:
18257:
18250:
18245:
18207:
18202:
18118:
18113:
18083:
18043:
17941:
17854:
17613:
17369:
17354:
17319:
17188:
17133:
12986:
12916:
12535:
11981:
11604:
8083:
Flapan, 1987, p. 95; also quoted by Finkelstein, 1995, p. 82.
7483:. Institute for Palestine Studies, this edition 2001, p. 175.
6992:
6461:
6259:
6221:
6167:
5578:
5477:
5369:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5217:
5008:
5003:
4914:
4727:
4701:
4674:
4663:
4650:
In the first few months of the civil war, the climate in the
4508:
201:
49:
22326:
11539:
10908:
Khalidi, Walid (1959). "Why Did the Palestinians Leave?" in
8322:
8270:
8218:
7929:
The Post-Imperial Age: The Great Powers and the Wider World,
7083:
5842:, a Palmach commander likened the pillaging she observed in
5589:
in events that came to be known as the "Lydda Death March".
4715:
21751:
21633:
19525:
19469:
18643:
18398:
12881:
9228:
9226:
9224:
8567:
Israel Without Zionism: A Plan for Peace in the Middle East
8340:
8288:
8236:
8119:
Morris, 2004, p. 137, quoting Haganah Archive (HA) 105\257.
6320:
upon which all of the Emergency Regulations are dependent.
4602:
has been denied, has been cited as evidence for the charge
8498:"British Proclamation in Haifa Making Evacuation Secure",
7997:
Human Rights Watch. "A Threshold Crossed," 27 April 2021.
7616:"Memories and maps keep alive Palestinian hopes of return"
22206:
22186:
22181:
18571:
10811:
Glazer, Steven (1980). "The Palestinian Exodus in 1948".
10311:(Interview). Interviewed by Niram Ferretti. L'informale.
10105:"Ex-education minister calls for Nakba studies in school"
9196:, Report of the Director of the UNRWA, 28 September 1951.
7649:"Survival of the Fittest? An Interview with Benny Morris"
7450:"The Consequences of Counterterrorist Policies in Israel"
5860:
Abandoned, evacuated and destroyed Palestinian localities
5574:
5389:
5385:
4824:
4772:
The only authorised expulsion at this time took place at
11573:
11319:
The Case For Palestine: An International Law Perspective
11091:(2001). "Revisiting the Palestinian exodus of 1948". In
9488:"Nakba, Even as Israel Cuts Them Off From Their Sources"
9221:
8732:
Kidron, Peretz (1988). "Truth Whereby Nations Live". In
8199:
A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time
6350:. These laws were later amended or replaced altogether.
5685:, at the end of October, resulted in the capture of the
5342:
on Deir Yassin is underscored by accounts on all sides.
11844:
Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus
11070:, Vol III. 1998 (English). University Press of America
9724:
9722:
9713:
International Journal of Political and Cultural Science
9706:
9704:
9702:
7295:
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society
7253:"Palestinian refugees, Israeli left-wingers mark Nakba"
7249:
International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society
5964:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949
23000:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
11114:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
9099:
International law and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7849:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
6825:(2011), a British mini-series written and directed by
5809:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
5464:
After the fall of Haifa the villages on the slopes of
22928:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
22781:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
5295:
The fighting in these months was concentrated in the
4582:
which caused many to flee out of fear, crop burning,
11355:
The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948
11353:
Rogan, Eugene L., & Shlaim, Avi (Eds.). (2007).
11337:
The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948
11335:
Rogan, Eugene L., & Shlaim, Avi (Eds.). (2001).
11093:
The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948
9719:
9699:
8305:
The Arabs for their part recalled that the Jews had
6908:
6754:
5820:
5559:
homes and emigrate to neighbouring Arab countries."
12795:
11475:
My Promised Land. The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel
9041:
Saleh, Abdul Jawad and Walid Mustafa (1987): p. 30.
7172:"A 'Catastrophe' That Defines Palestinian Identity"
6599:There were some exceptions: the independent weekly
6496:, but the term Nakba is reserved for the 1948 war.
6185:
Estimates of the Palestinian Refugee flight of 1948
5593:police station. However, the author considers that
4843:
Arabs leaving Haifa as Jewish forces enter the city
11827:The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem
11525:The Peel Commission Report from the United Nations
11407:. London: Jerusalem Centre for Development Studies
11221:Palestinian Culture and the Nakba: Bearing Witness
10755:Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict
9518:, (1969) rev.ed. Pelican, 1970 pp. 179–188 p. 183.
8054:United Nations General Assembly (23 August 1951).
7456:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. p. 356.
7122:Catastrophes Views from Natural and Human Sciences
6538:, racism, and victimization" (original emphasis).
5729:Contemporary mediation and the Lausanne Conference
11277:The Making of the Arab Israeli Conflict 1947–1951
10935:, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997.
10340:"Traces of Poison–Israel's Dark History Revealed"
9575:"Book Review: Palestine Betrayed by Efraim Karsh"
8502:, London, 22 April 1948; p. 4; Issue 51052; col D
7609:
7607:
6479:In his encyclopedia published in the late 1950s,
6274:
23288:
22152:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
11416:"Hiroshima, al-Nakba: Markers of New Hegemonies"
11376:Nakba: Palestine, 1948, and the Claims of Memory
10129:"Congress considers recognizing Jewish refugees"
9061:"Total Registered Refugees per Country and Area"
8932:"United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194"
7447:
4761:, a scheme to assassinate leaders affiliated to
433:Estimates of the number of Palestinians who fled
20589:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
19996:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
10532:. Westview Press; Third Edition (22 July 2004)
9214:Jiryis, Sabri (1981): "Domination by the Law".
8963:
8961:
8959:
8957:
8655:Scan of Hebrew original and English translation
8480:Erskine Childers, Walid Khalidi, and Jon Kimche
7839:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7813:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7791:
7706:
7011:Dear Palestine A Social History of the 1948 War
6157:* Other sources put this figure at over 70,000.
5569:1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
4499:paramilitaries, and after the establishment of
22679:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
22673:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
9710:
9187:Assistance To Palestine Refugees UN Doc A/1905
8719:"Peretz Kidron interview with Ben Dunkelman".
7789:
7787:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7771:
7604:
7185:
6623:
6620:the Jewish and later Israeli fighting forces.
6253:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194
5977:. London: The Palestinian Return Centre, 2000.
5788:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 273
5771:
5455:Edgar O'Ballance, a military historian, adds,
5024:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority
4708:Intelligence Service (HIS) reported that "the
22860:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
22667:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
22312:
19485:
12846:
11910:
11589:
11403:Saleh, Abdul Jawad and Walid Mustafa (1987):
9985:
9131:
8042:1948: A History of the First Arab–Israeli War
7959:Kodmani-Darwish, p. 126; Féron, Féron, p. 94.
7283:, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 270.
6899:Old and young in the entrance of a tent, 1948
6526:, prominent Palestinian scholar and activist
6464:" was first applied to the events of 1948 by
6413:
5740:United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
5738:The United Nations, using the offices of the
5269:
4645:
454:
22982:Violence against Hindus in independent India
22228:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
19779:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
10374:
9966:
8954:
8412:
7405:
6928:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
6841:(2022), a historical drama film directed by
6683:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
6387:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
5652:
23194:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
22709:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
21089:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
11130:
11025:. Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies.
10896:Battleground: Fact and Fantasy in Palestine
9448:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
9092:
8875:
8702:
8700:
8384:
7768:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7385:
7344:
7033:
6953:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
6368:
5866:Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel
5802:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
5421:, in a process that has been described as "
22319:
22305:
22192:United States involvement in regime change
19747:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
19492:
19478:
12853:
12839:
11917:
11903:
11596:
11582:
11530:UN report on pre-war non-Jewish population
10952:
10616:The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
9758:"Israeli legislation raises loyalty issue"
8424:
8324:Al-Nakba: The Palestinian Catastrophe 1948
8272:Al-Nakba: The Palestinian Catastrophe 1948
8220:Al-Nakba: The Palestinian Catastrophe 1948
7671:Aftershock: anti-zionism and anti-semitism
7556:The 1948 Massacre at Deir Yassin Revisited
6782:Al-Nakba: The Palestinian Catastrophe 1948
6573:of Palestine into separate ethnic states.
6357:Initial "Emergency Laws" and "Regulations"
5957:. COHRE & BADIL, May 2005, p. 34.
5276:
5262:
4578:, massacres such as the widely publicized
4549:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
461:
447:
22829:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
11629:Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine
11301:Palestinian Refugees in Jordan, 1948–1957
10860:
10334:
9102:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 38, 19.
8618:to Ben-Gurion 31 May 1948 ISA MAM 302/48.
8420:
7643:
7641:
7613:
6963:Palestinian exodus from Kuwait (Gulf War)
6863:Makeshift school for Palestinian refugees
6323:
4754:for assaults on Jewish houses and roads.
4696:Some had left the country altogether, to
10783:The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities
9836:
8847:19 September 2022, pages =1-25 pp.16-18.
8697:
8631:. Vol. 22, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 5–19.
7967:
7965:
7382:
7186:McDowall, David; Palley, Claire (1987).
6455:
6004:No. of destroyed/depopulated localities
5656:
5541:
4838:
4786:During the "long seminar", a meeting of
4726:
4714:
84:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
22793:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
20318:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
11374:& Abu-Lughod, Lila (Eds.). (2007).
11068:History of Israel's War of Independence
10248:
8967:
8644:. Vol. 16, No. 3. (Spring 1987). p. 21.
8254:precedent as their own battle unfolded.
8019:Israel's Apartheid against Palestinians
7674:. Dundurn Press Ltd. pp. 555–558.
7492:
7008:
6793:(2002), a documentary film directed by
6310:Defence (Emergency) Regulations of 1945
6174:
5499:The attention of the commanders of the
5327:fired mortars on the infrastructure in
4533:Hebraization of Palestinian place names
209:Hebraization of Palestinian place names
14:
23289:
22739:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
22162:Russian espionage in the United States
20434:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
12610:
12439:
11423:Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies
11410:
11218:Nashef, Hania A.M. (30 October 2018).
11217:
11192:
10945:Lehn, Walter & Davis, Uri (1988).
10810:
10644:
10607:
10306:
10281:
10217:
10086:from the original on 24 September 2021
10069:
10038:
9670:
9066:. UNRWA. 31 March 2005. Archived from
8674:A History of the Arab–Israeli Conflict
8578:O'Ballance, Edgar (1956) pp. 147, 172.
8569:. New York: Collier Books, pp. 224–25.
8444:, Volume 37, Number 4/ 1 October 2001.
8408:
8404:
8400:
8392:
8173:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 306.
8166:
7843:
7638:
7448:Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie (2010).
7291:
7129:
7119:
7056:
6032:(Tiberias, Jaffa, Haifa, Safed, etc.)
5983:Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
5811:, summarizes it from his perspective:
428:List of depopulated towns and villages
23297:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
22988:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
22300:
22157:Soviet espionage in the United States
20313:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
20092:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
19757:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
19473:
12834:
11898:
11682:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
11577:
11257:
10714:
10691:
10549:
10473:
10375:Ackerman, Gary; Asal, Victor (2008).
10251:"Hitching a Ride on the Magic Carpet"
9788:from the original on 27 February 2021
9638:
9309:. COHRE & BADIL, May 2005, p. 41.
9145:from the original on 6 September 2013
9083:Refugees Per Country & Area; 2005
9032:. COHRE & BADIL, May 2005, p. 35.
9020:. COHRE & BADIL, May 2005, p. 34.
8428:
8416:
8396:
8347:from the original on 18 November 2021
8295:from the original on 18 November 2021
8243:from the original on 18 November 2021
8131:. COHRE & BADIL, May 2005, p. 27.
8044:, p. 77, Yale University Press, 2008.
7962:
7667:
7626:from the original on 20 November 2021
7418:
7169:
7040:. Springer International Publishing.
6428:Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus
5790:on 11 May 1949, which read, in part,
4757:In early January the Haganah adopted
22233:Soviet Union–United States relations
20584:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
11928:locations and populations as of 2015
11436:from the original on 30 January 2024
11296:. Washington: Middle East Institute.
11238:from the original on 14 January 2023
11180:from the original on 18 January 2024
10640:– via humanitarianlibrary.org.
10632:from the original on 20 October 2021
10595:from the original on 23 January 2024
10516:from the original on 30 January 2024
10405:from the original on 8 February 2024
10352:from the original on 29 January 2024
10263:from the original on 26 October 2021
10230:from the original on 24 October 2015
9532:Australian Jewish Democratic Society
8461:from the original on 10 October 2021
8395:, p. 143 n. 4 (quoting Pappe 2006);
7520:from the original on 14 January 2023
7454:The Consequences of Counterterrorism
6875:Palestinian woman, a child and a jug
6582:
6492:in 1967, Zureiq wrote another book,
6208:Regions with significant populations
5562:
5288:By 1 May 1948, two weeks before the
4731:Ruins of the former Arab village of
4719:Ruins of the Palestinian village of
23132:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
23082:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
22994:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
22787:Christianization of the Sámi people
22197:Soviet involvement in regime change
11624:Israeli Declaration of Independence
10530:A History of the Modern Middle East
10360:– via Palestine Land Society.
10249:Shenhav, Yehouda (15 August 2003).
10072:"A Totalitarian Concept of History"
9998:from the original on 9 October 2021
9385:from the original on 29 August 2021
8513:http://www.jstor.org/stable/4327736
7281:A History of the Modern Middle East
5290:Israeli Declaration of Independence
5112:Religion / religious sites
4799:, was used in the development of a
122:Israeli Declaration of Independence
24:
22238:Soviet Union–United States summits
19712:1947 Polish parliamentary election
19597:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
11264:. Oxford: One World Books. (2006)
11205:from the original on 19 March 2024
11006:from the original on 19 March 2024
10740:. Paris. Editions du Felin. 2001.
10449:. University of California Press.
10028:from the original on 4 March 2021.
9555:from the original on 19 March 2023
8938:. 11 December 1948. Archived from
8866:UN Press Release, 6 November 1948.
5829:
5760:UN General Assembly Resolution 194
5677:that same month which cleared the
4834:
4591:a series of land and property laws
4559:into the country, which began the
4553:termination of the British Mandate
4478:– i.e. the source of the refugees
25:
23338:
22976:Violence against Muslims in India
22970:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
22916:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
20999:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
20934:United States invasion of Grenada
20204:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
20145:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
11518:
11261:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
10369:From Refugees to Citizens at Home
10282:Morris, Benny (3 February 2009).
9651:from the original on 22 July 2014
9602:"Were the Palestinians Expelled?"
9599:
9545:"Survival of the Fittest (Cont.)"
9426:
9404:"A different kind of catastrophe"
9289:Absentees' Property Law 5710-1950
8528:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
8201:. New York: Knopf. 1976. p. 332.
8143:The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
6755:Criticism of the Israeli approach
6705:), the US Congress called on the
6421:
5821:Results of the Palestinian exodus
5432:
23271:
21074:United States invasion of Panama
20924:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
20564:1971 Turkish military memorandum
20527:Communist insurgency in Thailand
20497:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
20429:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
20256:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
20184:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
19702:Restatement of Policy on Germany
16998:
16989:
16980:
16971:
16962:
16953:
16944:
16935:
16926:
16917:
16908:
16899:
16890:
16881:
16872:
16863:
16854:
16845:
16836:
16827:
16818:
16809:
16800:
16791:
16782:
16773:
16764:
16755:
16746:
16737:
16728:
16719:
16710:
16701:
16692:
16683:
16674:
16665:
16656:
16647:
16638:
16629:
16620:
16611:
16602:
16593:
16584:
16575:
16566:
16557:
16548:
16539:
16530:
16521:
16512:
16503:
16494:
16485:
16476:
16467:
16458:
16449:
16440:
16431:
16422:
16413:
16404:
16395:
16386:
16377:
16368:
16359:
16350:
16341:
16332:
16323:
16314:
16305:
16296:
16287:
16278:
16269:
16260:
16251:
16242:
16233:
16224:
16215:
16206:
16197:
16188:
16179:
16170:
16161:
16152:
16143:
16134:
16125:
16116:
16107:
16098:
16089:
16080:
16071:
16062:
16053:
16044:
16035:
16026:
16017:
16008:
15999:
15990:
15981:
15972:
15963:
15954:
15945:
15936:
15927:
15918:
15909:
15900:
15891:
15882:
15873:
15864:
15855:
15846:
15837:
15828:
15819:
15810:
15801:
15792:
15783:
15774:
15765:
15756:
15747:
15738:
15729:
15720:
15711:
15702:
15693:
15684:
15675:
15666:
15657:
15648:
15639:
15630:
15621:
15612:
15603:
15594:
15585:
15576:
15567:
15558:
15549:
15540:
15531:
15522:
15513:
15504:
15495:
15486:
15477:
15468:
15459:
15450:
15441:
15432:
15423:
15414:
15405:
15396:
15387:
15378:
15369:
15360:
15351:
15342:
15333:
15324:
15315:
15306:
15297:
15288:
15279:
15270:
15261:
15252:
15243:
15234:
15225:
15216:
15207:
15198:
15189:
15180:
15171:
15162:
15153:
15144:
15135:
15126:
15117:
15108:
15099:
15090:
15081:
15072:
15063:
15054:
15045:
15036:
15027:
15018:
15009:
15000:
14991:
14982:
14973:
14964:
14955:
14946:
14937:
14928:
14919:
14910:
14901:
14892:
14883:
14874:
14865:
14856:
14847:
14838:
14829:
14820:
14811:
14802:
14793:
14784:
14775:
14766:
14757:
14748:
14739:
14730:
14721:
14712:
14703:
14694:
14685:
14676:
14667:
14658:
14649:
14640:
14631:
14622:
14613:
14604:
14595:
14586:
14577:
14568:
14559:
14550:
14541:
14532:
14523:
14514:
14505:
14496:
14487:
14478:
14469:
14460:
14451:
14442:
14433:
14424:
14415:
14406:
14397:
14388:
14379:
14370:
14361:
14352:
14343:
14334:
14325:
14316:
14307:
14298:
14289:
14280:
14271:
14262:
14253:
14244:
14235:
14226:
14217:
14208:
14199:
14190:
14181:
14172:
14163:
14154:
14145:
14136:
14127:
14118:
14109:
14100:
14091:
14082:
14073:
14064:
14055:
14046:
14037:
14028:
14019:
14010:
14001:
13992:
13983:
13974:
13965:
13956:
13947:
13938:
13929:
13920:
13911:
13902:
13893:
13884:
13875:
13866:
13857:
13848:
13839:
13830:
13821:
13812:
13803:
13794:
13785:
13776:
13767:
13758:
13749:
13740:
13731:
13722:
13713:
13704:
13695:
13686:
13677:
13668:
13659:
13650:
13641:
13632:
13623:
13614:
13605:
13596:
13587:
13578:
13569:
13560:
13551:
13542:
13533:
13524:
13515:
13506:
13497:
13488:
13479:
13470:
13461:
13452:
13443:
13434:
13425:
13416:
13407:
13398:
13389:
13380:
13371:
13362:
13353:
13344:
13335:
13326:
13317:
13308:
13299:
13290:
13281:
13272:
13263:
13254:
13245:
13236:
13227:
13218:
13209:
13200:
13191:
13182:
13173:
13164:
13155:
13146:
13137:
13128:
13119:
13110:
13101:
13092:
13083:
13074:
13065:
13056:
13047:
13038:
13029:
13022:
12008:
11991:
11974:
11957:
11940:
11552:The Nakba in Eilaboun (Eilabun)"
11535:Sands of Sorrow—Film on refugees
11294:Israel and the Palestinian Arabs
10963:Critical Reviews in Microbiology
10918:, XXXIV, No. 2., pp. 42–54.
10679:from the original on 10 May 2021
10421:. Council on Foreign Relations.
10307:Morris, Benny (21 August 2019).
10300:
10275:
10242:
10211:
10181:
10169:from the original on 26 May 2021
10151:
10139:from the original on 12 May 2021
10121:
10098:
10063:
10051:from the original on 3 July 2024
10032:
10010:
9979:
9960:
9951:
9938:
9917:
9900:
9887:
9866:
9830:
9808:"Denial and the future of peace"
9800:
9774:
9750:
9731:
9663:
9632:
9593:
9567:
9537:
9521:
9504:
9480:
9456:
9420:
9271:"Absentees' Property Law (1950)"
9116:from the original on 3 July 2024
8814:Provisional government of Israel
8239:. 1998. Event occurs at 13:09.
7979:from the original on 17 May 2021
7731:from the original on 3 July 2024
7688:from the original on 3 July 2024
7208:
6911:
6892:
6880:
6868:
6856:
6468:, a professor of history at the
6162:: The table data was taken from
5953:: The table data was taken from
5807:Benny Morris, in his 2004 book,
4862:
4735:, inside the green line west of
4517:400 and 600 Palestinian villages
4456:
4447:
4438:
4429:
4420:
4411:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4366:
4357:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4231:
4222:
4213:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4168:
4159:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4123:
4114:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4024:
4015:
4006:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3961:
3952:
3943:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3907:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3844:
3835:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
685:
676:
667:
658:
649:
640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
541:
532:
523:
514:
505:
496:
487:
480:
35:
23248:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
23218:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
21794:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
21175:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
21104:Fall of the inner German border
21004:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
20654:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
20644:Spanish transition to democracy
20604:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
20231:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
19737:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
19618:Occupation of the Baltic states
10218:Porath, Ada (16 January 1986).
10199:from the original on 7 May 2021
9854:from the original on 1 May 2021
9715:. Vol. 22. pp. 33–39.
9581:from the original on 1 May 2021
9534:, retrieved on 1 November 2007.
9397:
9367:
9341:
9321:
9312:
9300:
9281:
9263:
9254:
9208:
9199:
9180:
9161:
9086:
9053:
9044:
9035:
9023:
9011:
8988:
8936:United Nations General Assembly
8924:
8915:
8896:
8869:
8850:
8820:
8795:
8785:
8776:
8757:
8726:
8713:
8679:
8666:
8647:
8634:
8621:
8608:
8599:
8590:
8581:
8572:
8559:
8546:
8541:https://doi.org/10.2307/2537366
8533:
8517:
8505:
8492:
8473:
8447:
8434:
8378:
8362:
8314:
8259:
8211:
8191:
8160:
8134:
8122:
8113:
8104:
8095:
8086:
8077:
8047:
8031:
8011:
7991:
7953:
7920:
7889:
7879:
7869:
7743:
7700:
7661:
7592:
7579:
7569:
7548:
7535:
6938:1967 Palestinian exodus (Naksa)
6615:and the socialist organisation
6520:World Conference Against Racism
6494:The New Meaning of the Disaster
6396:
6285:Following the emergence of the
6068:(Lydda/Ramleh, Nazareth, etc.)
5733:
4604:that Israel practices apartheid
401:Palestinian genocide accusation
23236:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
23206:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
22940:Communist Romanian persecution
20574:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
20209:Mozambican War of Independence
19648:Indonesian National Revolution
11760:Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
10847:University of California Press
10767:Fischbach, Michael R. (2003).
10722:. Arabicus Books & Media.
10070:Shlaim, Avi (September 1996).
9967:Benny Morris (21 March 2011).
9177:UNRWA's operational definition
8554:https://doi.org/10.1086/657293
8157:. Oneworld Publications, 2006.
7715:University of California Press
7614:Ian Black (26 November 2010).
7486:
7470:
7441:
7412:
7338:
7229:
7170:Ibish, Hussein (14 May 2018).
7034:Warf, C.; Charles, G. (2020).
7002:
6981:
6809:(2007), a documentary film by
6330:Israeli land and property laws
6295:Prevention of Infiltration Law
6281:Prevention of Infiltration Law
6275:Prevention of Infiltration Law
5710:conquered." (31 October 1948,
5368:Palestinians fled the city of
5054:Governorates of the Gaza Strip
139:Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle
13:
1:
23254:2024 Istanbul church shooting
23230:Christchurch mosque shootings
23018:Religious violence in Nigeria
23012:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
22172:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
21187:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
21140:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
20862:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
20827:Seven Days to the River Rhine
20559:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
19846:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
19774:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
11158:10.1080/00263206.2022.2122448
10771:. Columbia University Press.
10494:10.1080/10736700.2017.1385765
10431:Beit-Hallahmi, Benny (1993).
9986:Ephraim Karsh (Winter 2006).
9168:"Who is a Palestine Refugee?"
7481:Expulsion of the Palestinians
7452:. In Crenshaw, Martha (ed.).
7368:10.1080/00263206.2022.2122448
6969:
6470:American University of Beirut
6086:(Galilee and southern areas)
5546:Clause 10 of the 15 May 1948
23144:War crimes in the Kosovo War
22934:Communist Polish persecution
22805:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
22733:Crusades against schismatics
21165:Fall of communism in Albania
21135:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
21084:Polish Round Table Agreement
20424:1968 Polish political crisis
20241:Eritrean War of Independence
20007:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
19902:East German uprising of 1953
19834:Chinese Communist Revolution
19499:
12700:(Martyr Azmi el-Mufti camp)
11870:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
11448:Schechtman, Joseph B (1963)
10915:Journal of Palestine Studies
10864:Journal of Palestine Studies
10814:Journal of Palestine Studies
10738:Palestine(s): Les déchirures
10463:. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
9738:Address by Ms. Hanan Ashrawi
9641:"Rewriting Israel's History"
9486:Dina Kraft (20 April 2018).
9462:Hagar Shezaf (4 July 2019).
9216:Journal of Palestine Studies
8642:Journal of Palestine Studies
7222:
7030:general staff in March 1948.
6933:1949–1956 Palestinian exodus
6831:British Mandate of Palestine
6050:(an additional 90 villages)
5714:) The UN's acting Mediator,
5681:from pockets of resistance;
5604:Rabin wrote in his memoirs:
5315:, after the Haganah waged a
5145:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
4625:Partition Plan for Palestine
4608:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
180:Palestinian return to Israel
7:
21039:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
20767:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
20512:Corrective Movement (Syria)
20476:New People's Army rebellion
20471:Sino-Soviet border conflict
20199:Angolan War of Independence
20062:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
19942:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
19587:Jamaican political conflict
11886:The Holocaust and the Nakba
11719:Palestinian right of return
10841:Kanaaneh, Rhoda A. (2002).
10560:The Nonproliferation Review
10481:The Nonproliferation Review
10383:; Martin, Susan B. (eds.).
10039:Shlaim, Avi (31 May 2008).
9639:Karsh, Efraim (June 1996).
8876:Pappe, Ilan (Spring 2006).
7707:Benvenis'tî, Mêrôn (2002).
6904:
6707:Barack Obama administration
6661:—who has been described by
6624:Changes from the late 1970s
5784:Lausanne Conference of 1949
5778:Lausanne Conference of 1949
5772:Lausanne Conference of 1949
5744:Mixed Armistice Commissions
5702:and the sparsely populated
5503:was turned to reducing the
4600:Palestinian right of return
10:
23343:
21235:Sino-Indian border dispute
21064:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
20994:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
20752:1976 Argentine coup d'état
20664:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
20614:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
20298:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
20266:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
19955:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
19722:Asian Relations Conference
13013:
12767:
12757:
12747:
12737:
12727:
12717:
12707:
12696:
12686:
12676:
12665:
12655:
12645:
12627:
12617:
12604:
12594:
12584:
12574:
12564:
12554:
12544:
12534:
12524:
12514:
12504:
12494:
12484:
12466:
12456:
12446:
12433:
12423:
12413:
12403:
12393:
12383:
12373:
12363:
12353:
12343:
12328:
12321:
12311:
12301:
12291:
12281:
12270:
12259:
12249:
12239:
12229:
12219:
12209:
12199:
12189:
12179:
12169:
12159:
12149:
12139:
12129:
12111:
12101:
12091:
12081:
12071:
12061:
12051:
12041:
12030:
11504:Princeton University Press
11455:Schulz, Helena L. (2003).
11394:Israel: The Embattled Ally
11359:Cambridge University Press
11341:Cambridge University Press
11254:. London: Faber and Faber,
11250:O'Ballance, Edgar (1956):
11118:Cambridge University Press
11097:Cambridge University Press
10327:
10220:"What about Jewish Nakba?"
9840:(November–December 2015).
8343:. Event occurs at 23:27.
8291:. Event occurs at 13:33.
7853:Cambridge University Press
7757:reported by Jeff Weintraub
7194:Report no 24. p. 10.
7088:Peace Philosophy in Action
6887:Refugees in the open, 1948
6849:
6425:
6414:Israeli purge of documents
6327:
6278:
6178:
6119:5 Nov. 1948 – 18 Jan. 1949
6010:Jewish/Israeli lands (km)
5975:The Palestinian Nakba 1948
5863:
5775:
5566:
5361:
4958:All-Palestine Protectorate
4662:wrote that attacks by the
4646:December 1947 – March 1948
4613:
4542:, many of whom settled in
18:1948 Palestinian expulsion
23268:
23176:South Thailand insurgency
23152:Walisongo school massacre
23120:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
22769:Expulsion of the Moriscos
22745:European wars of religion
22659:
22503:
22338:
22271:
22220:
22142:
22119:William Appleman Williams
22064:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
21846:
21818:
21767:
21699:
21692:
21626:
21491:
21416:
21346:
21339:
21248:
21195:
21127:
20840:
20579:Bangladesh Liberation War
20569:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
20484:
20456:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
20444:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
20107:
19882:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
19859:
19569:
19507:
19351:
19197:
18739:
18372:
18339:
18097:
18052:
17907:
17808:
17498:
17244:
17211:
17016:
12872:
12787:
11933:
11883:
11852:
11836:
11768:
11742:
11657:
11611:
11603:
11450:The Refugees in the World
11380:Columbia University Press
11357:, 2nd edition. New York:
11317:Quigley, John B. (2005).
11252:The Arab–Israeli War 1948
11193:Martin, Susan B. (2010).
10933:La Diaspora Palestinienne
10608:Dajani, Souad R. (2005).
10573:10.1080/10736700108436862
10445:Benvenisti, Meron (2002)
10389:Stanford University Press
9992:The Middle East Quarterly
9929:Journal of Peace Research
9908:Journal of Peace Research
9895:Journal of Peace Research
9878:Journal of Peace Research
9685:10.1080/00263209008700816
9645:The Middle East Quarterly
9050:Abu Sitta, Salman (2001).
8982:10.3366/E1474947509000614
8672:Quoted in Mark Tessler's
7504:Columbia University Press
7308:10.1007/s10767-009-9049-9
7015:Stanford University Press
6244:
6239:
6232:
6227:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6015:29 Nov. 1947 – Mar. 1948
5653:October 1948 – March 1949
5349:Israel began engaging in
5066:Legislative Council (PLC)
4544:Palestinian refugee camps
160:1948 expulsion and flight
23322:Ethnic cleansing in Asia
22566:Extrajudicial punishment
20894:1980 Turkish coup d'état
20729:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
20699:1978 Somali coup attempt
20659:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
20624:1973 Chilean coup d'état
20449:Revolutionary Government
20343:South African Border War
20135:1960 Turkish coup d'état
20052:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
19907:1953 Iranian coup d'état
19887:1952 Egyptian revolution
17463:al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya
11837:Related categories/lists
11498:Sternhell, Zeev (1999).
11486:1949: The first Israelis
11457:The Palestinian Diaspora
11398:Harvard University Press
11224:. Taylor & Francis.
10947:The Jewish National Fund
9469:28 November 2021 at the
9381:. London. 25 June 2008.
9205:Bowker, 2003, pp. 61–62.
9001:23 November 2021 at the
8921:Bowker, 2003, pp. 97–98.
8769:5 September 2021 at the
8413:Ackerman & Asal 2008
7654:5 September 2021 at the
7124:. Springer. p. 81.
6974:
6774:
6474:Burhan al-Deen al-Abushi
6369:Absentees' Property Laws
5554:In Clause 10.(b) of the
5357:
4980:National Authority (PNA)
4529:Operation Cast Thy Bread
4519:were destroyed. Village
376:March of Return (Israel)
23259:Crocus City Hall attack
23006:Persecution of Tibetans
22763:French Wars of Religion
22685:Yellow Turban Rebellion
21099:Fall of the Berlin Wall
21044:People Power Revolution
21029:Central American crisis
20969:1986 Black Sea incident
20619:1973 Afghan coup d'état
20517:Western Sahara conflict
20328:1966 Syrian coup d'état
20251:1963 Syrian coup d'état
20194:Portuguese Colonial War
20157:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
19922:1954 Syrian coup d'état
19799:Annexation of Hyderabad
19742:1947–1949 Palestine war
17470:al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya
17458:al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya
11926:Palestine refugee camps
11709:Palestine refugee camps
11665:1947–1949 Palestine war
11557:1 February 2020 at the
10929:Kodmani-Darwish, Bassma
10799:Sussex Academic Press.
10708:10.3366/hls.2005.4.1.55
10474:Carus, W. Seth (2017).
10459:Bowker, Robert (2003).
10435:. Oliver Branch Press.
10417:Arzt, Donna E. (1997).
9925:The Middle East Journal
9874:The Middle East Journal
9493:8 November 2021 at the
9334:5 December 2008 at the
8385:Morris & Kedar 2023
8141:Excerpts from the book
7762:7 December 2008 at the
7587:The Political Quarterly
7422:American Anthropologist
7244:6 November 2021 at the
7138:Oxford University Press
7130:Slater, Jerome (2020).
6742:regarding this issue. "
6486:Muhammad Nimr al-Hawari
4629:international Jerusalem
44:Part of a series on the
23212:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
23188:Maspero demonstrations
23036:Huế Phật Đản shootings
21393:Neoclassical economics
20904:Gulf of Sidra incident
20461:1969 Libyan revolution
20152:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
19937:1954 Geneva Conference
19697:Turkish straits crisis
19692:Corfu Channel incident
17532:Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri
17429:al-Masmiyya al-Saghira
12020:355,500 UNRWA refugees
12003:188,850 UNRWA refugees
11986:319,958 UNRWA refugees
11969:188,150 UNRWA refugees
11952:518,000 UNRWA refugees
11145:Middle Eastern Studies
10976:10.1080/20014091096774
10528:Cleveland, William L.
10165:. JTA. 2 August 2012.
10135:. JTA. 2 August 2012.
10041:"No sentiments in war"
9673:Middle Eastern Studies
8845:Middle Eastern Studies
8708:On the Way to the City
8706:Oren, Elhanan (1976):
8691:7 January 2014 at the
8629:Middle Eastern Studies
8442:Middle Eastern Studies
7935:8 October 2022 at the
7914:Middle Eastern Studies
7554:Matthew Hogan (2001).
7355:Middle Eastern Studies
7009:Hazkani, Shay (2019).
6324:Land and property laws
6245:Islam and Christianity
6137:19 Jan. – 20 July 1949
6083:19 July – 24 Oct. 1948
6065:12 June – 18 July 1948
5857:
5818:
5797:
5769:
5757:
5750:said on 16 September:
5748:Count Folke Bernadotte
5662:
5611:
5551:
5536:
5462:
5453:
5444:
5415:
5364:Battle of Haifa (1948)
5303:area, On 9 April, the
5208:Costume and embroidery
5150:Church of the Nativity
5140:Cave of the Patriarchs
5061:National Council (PNC)
5046:Gaza Strip governance
4844:
4739:
4724:
4538:The precise number of
102:Civil war in Palestine
23302:1948 Arab–Israeli War
23182:Boko Haram insurgency
22841:Pontic Greek genocide
22751:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
22561:Extrajudicial killing
22328:Religious persecution
22243:Russia–NATO relations
22124:Jonathan Reed Winkler
21408:Democratic capitalism
21403:Supply-side economics
21371:American conservatism
21170:Breakup of Yugoslavia
21059:Bougainville conflict
20974:South Yemen civil war
20909:Martial law in Poland
20772:Nicaraguan Revolution
20747:Dirty War (Argentina)
20554:1971 JVP insurrection
20368:Years of Lead (Italy)
20246:North Yemen civil war
20164:Berlin Crisis of 1961
20140:Albanian–Soviet split
20072:1959 Tibetan uprising
20037:Syrian Crisis of 1957
19892:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
19752:1948 Arab–Israeli War
19163:al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta
17971:al-Jammasin al-Sharqi
17964:al-Jammasin al-Gharbi
17424:al-Masmiyya al-Kabira
11865:Arab–Israeli conflict
11675:1948 Arab–Israeli War
11323:Duke University Press
11299:Plascov, Avi (1981).
11042:. London: Zed Books,
10949:. London: Kegan Paul.
10795:Gelber, Yoav (2006).
10781:Flapan, Simha (1987)
10665:10.3366/hls.2012.0027
10645:Docker, John (2012).
10076:Middle East Quarterly
10024:. 26 September 2009.
9957:Khalidi, Walid (1961)
9409:18 April 2021 at the
9173:6 August 2009 at the
8773:, Logos, Winter 2004.
8485:19 March 2009 at the
8167:Gelber, Yoav (2006).
8004:28 April 2021 at the
7668:Matas, David (2005).
7192:Minority Rights Group
7101:10.1057/9780230112995
6790:500 Dunam on the Moon
6456:Palestinian narrative
6291:1948 Arab–Israeli war
6101:24 Oct. – 5 Nov. 1948
6047:15 May – 11 June 1948
5852:
5813:
5792:
5764:
5752:
5693:in December 1948 and
5660:
5606:
5567:Further information:
5545:
5531:
5513:1948 Arab–Israeli War
5457:
5448:
5439:
5410:
5362:Further information:
5317:day-and-a-half battle
4945:Arab Higher Committee
4842:
4730:
4718:
4561:1948 Arab–Israeli War
4476:depopulated locations
4474:Clickable map of the
371:Great March of Return
23317:Palestinian diaspora
23164:September 11 attacks
23100:1984 anti-Sikh riots
22964:Rawalpindi massacres
22910:White Terror (Spain)
22721:Massacre at Ayyadieh
22606:Population cleansing
21664:Non-Aligned Movement
21286:Peaceful coexistence
21240:North Borneo dispute
21155:German reunification
21150:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
20848:Salvadoran Civil War
20797:Grand Mosque seizure
20792:Yemenite War of 1979
20684:Mozambican Civil War
20639:Carnation Revolution
20594:Yemenite War of 1972
20532:1970 Polish protests
20363:1967 Hong Kong riots
20338:Argentine Revolution
20288:Guatemalan Civil War
20216:Cuban Missile Crisis
20130:Bay of Pigs Invasion
20002:1956 Poznań protests
19980:Geneva Summit (1955)
19582:Hukbalahap Rebellion
19561:Non-Aligned Movement
17604:al-Ghubayya al-Tahta
17597:al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa
11875:Gaza–Israel conflict
11755:Deir Yassin massacre
11473:Shavit, Ari (2013).
11292:Peretz, Don (1958).
11258:Pappé, Ilan (2006).
11138:(3 September 2023).
11066:Milstein Uri (1998)
10391:. pp. 186–213.
9756:Boudreaux, Richard.
9743:4 March 2021 at the
9728:Bowker, 2003, p. 96.
9192:7 April 2014 at the
8840:5 March 2023 at the
8782:Glazer 1980, p. 109.
8738:Christopher Hitchens
8565:Avnery, Uri (1971).
8321:E. Toubassi (1998).
8024:20 July 2023 at the
7909:5 March 2023 at the
7717:. pp. 124–127.
7658:. Logos. Winter 2004
7564:Deir Yassin incident
7275:12 June 2008 at the
6958:Palestinian diaspora
6806:The Sons of Eilaboun
6193:Palestinian refugees
6181:Palestinian refugees
6175:Palestinian refugees
5782:At the start of the
5311:. On 21–22 April in
5305:Deir Yassin massacre
5252:List of Palestinians
5160:Great Mosque of Gaza
4951:Depopulated villages
4690:Arab Liberation Army
4652:Mandate of Palestine
4636:Palestinian refugees
4580:Deir Yassin massacre
4540:Palestinian refugees
4527:programme codenamed
4487:, more than 700,000
168:Palestinian refugees
112:Deir Yassin massacre
59:Precipitating events
23076:Bangladesh genocide
23056:Cultural Revolution
23048:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
22811:Circassian genocide
22697:Rhineland massacres
22611:Population transfer
22576:Forced displacement
22383:Jehovah's Witnesses
22109:Alex von Tunzelmann
22099:Vladimir Tismăneanu
22024:Thomas J. McCormick
22019:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
21919:Robert Hugh Ferrell
21782:Crusade for Freedom
21579:Illiberal democracy
21463:Ho Chi Minh Thought
21266:Eisenhower Doctrine
21119:Peaceful Revolution
21114:Romanian Revolution
21094:Revolutions of 1989
21079:1988 Polish strikes
20989:Operation INFEKTION
20984:1987 Lieyu massacre
20889:Eritrean Civil Wars
20872:Peruvian Revolution
20822:1979 Herat uprising
20812:Sino-Vietnamese War
20777:Uganda–Tanzania War
20757:Egyptian–Libyan War
20724:Third Indochina War
20719:Sino-Albanian split
20709:Ethiopian Civil War
20609:Eritrean Civil Wars
20549:Ping-pong diplomacy
20522:Cambodian Civil War
20348:Korean DMZ Conflict
20333:Cultural Revolution
20303:Dominican Civil War
20281:Tlatelolco massacre
20067:1959 Mosul uprising
20057:1958 Lebanon crisis
19784:Al-Wathbah uprising
19707:First Indochina War
19677:Iran crisis of 1946
17957:Ijlil al-Shamaliyya
17276:al-Batani al-Sharqi
17271:al-Batani al-Gharbi
11714:Palestinian refugee
11670:1947–1948 civil war
11649:1947 partition plan
11619:Mandatory Palestine
11545:4 July 1997 at the
11484:Segev, Tom (1998).
10751:Finkelstein, Norman
10379:. In Clunan, Anne;
10116:The Times of Israel
10018:"Distilled history"
9842:"The House of Zion"
9620:on 24 February 2014
9294:9 June 2012 at the
9277:on 28 October 2009.
9232:Kirshbaum, David A.
8908:9 June 2012 at the
8862:9 June 2012 at the
8807:9 June 2012 at the
8710:. Hebrew, Tel Aviv.
8660:16 May 2021 at the
7999:A Threshold Crossed
7258:17 May 2021 at the
7057:Gerber, H. (2008).
6552:Minister of Finance
6516:Palestinian culture
6287:Palestinian refugee
6194:
5997:
5876:
5501:Alexandroni Brigade
4850:Part of a series on
4521:wells were poisoned
4513:Dozens of massacres
4493:Mandatory Palestine
79:1947 partition plan
74:Mandatory Palestine
23170:2002 Gujarat riots
23094:Cambodian genocide
23088:Lebanese Civil War
22866:Soviet persecution
22703:Jerusalem massacre
22616:Sectarian violence
22601:Political violence
22263:Russian Revolution
22059:Mary Elise Sarotte
22044:William B. Pickett
21969:Patrick J. Hearden
21949:Gabriel Gorodetsky
21944:Timothy Garton Ash
21929:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
21524:Ethnic nationalism
21276:Hallstein Doctrine
21160:Yemeni unification
20949:1985 Geneva Summit
20914:Casamance conflict
20817:New Jewel Movement
20802:Iranian Revolution
20787:Chadian–Libyan War
20734:Cambodian conflict
20714:Lebanese Civil War
20704:Western Sahara War
20679:June 1976 protests
20674:Cambodian genocide
20439:17 July Revolution
20393:Nigerian Civil War
20308:Rhodesian Bush War
20293:Colombian conflict
20236:Ramadan Revolution
19975:Bandung Conference
19851:Operation Valuable
19732:Partition of India
19338:al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'
19221:Ghuwayr Abu Shusha
19113:al-Shawka al-Tahta
18669:Sarafand al-Kharab
18039:al-Shaykh Muwannis
11729:Transfer Committee
11275:Pappé Ilan (1992)
11136:Kedar, Benjamin Z.
11095:(pp. 37–59).
10954:Leitenberg, Milton
10110:1 May 2021 at the
9969:"The Liar as Hero"
9948:, 24 (2), 187–194.
9935:. 24 (2), 187–194.
9914:, 24 (2), 187–194.
9897:, 48 (2), 235–248.
9884:. 24 (2), 187–194.
9551:. 8 January 2004.
9510:Erskine Childers.
9241:on 28 October 2009
9139:"Q/A Final Status"
8197:Sachar, Howard M.
8149:9 May 2021 at the
7496:(September 1998).
7435:10.1111/aman.12520
7350:Kedar, Benjamin Z.
7093:Palgrave Macmillan
7065:Palgrave Macmillan
6712:Israeli historian
6571:proposed partition
6318:State of Emergency
6289:problem after the
6192:
6029:Apr. – 13 May 1948
5995:
5874:
5679:Jerusalem Corridor
5663:
5552:
5351:biological warfare
4845:
4740:
4725:
4525:biological warfare
4485:1948 Palestine war
344:Symbols and memory
144:Transfer Committee
93:1948 Palestine war
23284:
23283:
23224:Rohingya genocide
22952:Direct Action Day
22904:Šahovići massacre
22854:Armenian genocide
22848:Assyrian genocide
22735:(13th–15th cent.)
22729:(12th–16th cent.)
22727:Northern Crusades
22571:Forced conversion
22521:Cultural genocide
22516:Communal violence
22393:post–Cold War era
22378:Eastern Orthodoxy
22294:
22293:
22281:List of conflicts
22129:Rudolph Winnacker
22074:Giles Scott-Smith
22049:Ronald E. Powaski
22004:Melvyn P. Leffler
21934:John Lewis Gaddis
21909:Robert D. English
21874:Warren H. Carroll
21864:Michael Beschloss
21833:Nuclear arms race
21814:
21813:
21720:Neues Deutschland
21622:
21621:
21604:White nationalism
21574:Liberal democracy
21311:Ulbricht Doctrine
21301:Brezhnev Doctrine
21109:Velvet Revolution
20853:Soviet–Afghan War
20669:Angolan Civil War
20466:Goulash Communism
20323:ASEAN Declaration
20276:Mexican Dirty War
20174:Annexation of Goa
20125:1960 U-2 incident
20099:Sino-Soviet split
20077:Laotian Civil War
19917:Bricker Amendment
19897:Mau Mau rebellion
19841:Malayan Emergency
19829:Chinese Civil War
19789:Tito–Stalin split
19643:Division of Korea
19467:
19466:
19189:al-Zuq al-Tahtani
19182:al-Zuq al-Fawqani
18990:Mansurat al-Khayt
18951:Kirad al-Ghannama
18776:Arab al-Shamalina
17952:Ijlil al-Qibliyya
17788:Wa'arat al-Sarris
17583:Daliyat al-Rawha'
17360:Iraq al-Manshiyya
12828:
12827:
12782:
12781:
12777:
12776:
12637:
12636:
12486:Bourj el-Barajneh
12476:
12475:
12335:
12334:
12121:
12120:
11892:
11891:
11853:Related templates
11512:978-0-691-00967-4
11494:978-0-8050-5896-3
11469:978-0-415-26821-9
11388:978-0-231-13579-5
11367:978-0-521-87598-1
11349:978-0-521-79476-3
11331:978-0-8223-3539-9
11313:978-0-7146-3120-2
11288:978-1-85043-819-9
11270:978-1-85168-467-0
11231:978-1-351-38749-1
11126:978-0-521-00967-6
11105:978-0-521-79476-3
11083:978-0-7618-0769-8
11076:978-0-7618-0769-8
11048:978-1-84813-971-8
11031:978-0-88728-235-5
10941:978-2-13-048486-8
10923:Middle East Forum
10910:Middle East Forum
10904:978-0-933503-03-8
10898:. Shapolsky Pub.
10855:978-0-520-22944-0
10805:978-1-84519-075-0
10791:978-0-394-55888-2
10777:978-0-231-12978-7
10763:978-1-85984-442-7
10757:. 2nd Ed. Verso.
10746:978-2-86645-391-6
10729:978-0-9815131-7-1
10695:Holy Land Studies
10652:Holy Land Studies
10625:978-92-95004-29-0
10545:978-0-8133-4048-7
10538:978-0-8133-4048-7
10469:978-1-58826-202-8
10455:978-0-520-23422-2
10441:978-1-56656-131-0
10427:978-0-87609-194-4
10398:978-0-8047-7981-4
10365:Abu Sitta, Salman
10336:Abu Sitta, Salman
9769:Los Angeles Times
9109:978-0-415-57322-1
8970:Holy Land Studies
8831:Benjamin Z. Kedar
8752:978-1-85984-340-6
8723:. 9 January 1980.
8207:978-0-679-76563-9
8180:978-1-84519-075-0
8065:on 22 August 2011
7948:978-1-317-89293-9
7926:J.P.D. Dunbabin,
7900:Benjamin Z. Kedar
7862:978-0-521-81120-0
7724:978-0-520-23422-2
7681:978-1-55002-553-8
7513:978-0-231-10515-6
7463:978-0-87154-073-7
7289:978-0-8133-4047-0
7201:978-0-946690-42-8
7147:978-0-19-045908-6
7110:978-0-230-11299-5
7074:978-0-230-58391-7
7047:978-3-030-40675-2
7024:978-1-5036-2766-6
6795:Rachel Leah Jones
6732:Israeli academic
6631:societal collapse
6583:Israeli narrative
6547:Avigdor Lieberman
6466:Constantin Zureiq
6249:
6248:
6171:
6154:
6153:
5981:According to the
5978:
5947:
5946:
5840:Netiva Ben-Yehuda
5632:On 26 September,
5563:July–October 1948
5286:
5285:
4988:political parties
4968:Fedayeen militias
4640:internal refugees
4489:Palestinian Arabs
471:
470:
331:Constantin Zureiq
197:UN Resolution 194
16:(Redirected from
23334:
23307:Forced migration
23276:
23275:
23242:2020 Delhi riots
23158:Kosheh massacres
23138:Bosnian genocide
22958:1946 Bihar riots
22621:Social cleansing
22546:Ethnic cleansing
22321:
22314:
22307:
22298:
22297:
22039:David S. Painter
21964:John Earl Haynes
21894:Nicholas J. Cull
21879:Adrian Cioroianu
21859:Thomas A. Bailey
21806:Voice of America
21697:
21696:
21609:White separatism
21589:Social democracy
21584:Guided democracy
21564:Authoritarianism
21514:Ultranationalism
21504:Anti-imperialism
21431:Marxism–Leninism
21344:
21343:
21331:Kinmen Agreement
21296:Johnson Doctrine
21281:Kennedy Doctrine
21197:Frozen conflicts
21180:1991 August Coup
21069:Afghan Civil War
20964:Reykjavík Summit
20959:Somali Rebellion
20899:Ugandan Bush War
20877:Gdańsk Agreement
20398:Protests of 1968
20378:War of Attrition
20087:Cuban Revolution
20023:We will bury you
19990:Cyprus Emergency
19970:Kashmir Princess
19960:Jebel Akhdar War
19809:Western betrayal
19494:
19487:
19480:
19471:
19470:
19440:Wadi al-Hawarith
18944:Kirad al-Baqqara
18664:Sarafand al-Amar
18148:Bayt Umm al-Mays
17525:Arab al-Nufay'at
17002:
16993:
16984:
16975:
16966:
16957:
16948:
16939:
16930:
16921:
16912:
16903:
16894:
16885:
16876:
16867:
16858:
16849:
16840:
16831:
16822:
16813:
16804:
16795:
16786:
16777:
16768:
16759:
16750:
16741:
16732:
16723:
16714:
16705:
16696:
16687:
16678:
16669:
16660:
16651:
16642:
16633:
16624:
16615:
16606:
16597:
16588:
16579:
16570:
16561:
16552:
16543:
16534:
16525:
16516:
16507:
16498:
16489:
16480:
16471:
16462:
16453:
16444:
16435:
16426:
16417:
16408:
16399:
16390:
16381:
16372:
16363:
16354:
16345:
16336:
16327:
16318:
16309:
16300:
16291:
16282:
16273:
16264:
16255:
16246:
16237:
16228:
16219:
16210:
16201:
16192:
16183:
16174:
16165:
16156:
16147:
16138:
16129:
16120:
16111:
16102:
16093:
16084:
16075:
16066:
16057:
16048:
16039:
16030:
16021:
16012:
16003:
15994:
15985:
15976:
15967:
15958:
15949:
15940:
15931:
15922:
15913:
15904:
15895:
15886:
15877:
15868:
15859:
15850:
15841:
15832:
15823:
15814:
15805:
15796:
15787:
15778:
15769:
15760:
15751:
15742:
15733:
15724:
15715:
15706:
15697:
15688:
15679:
15670:
15661:
15652:
15643:
15634:
15625:
15616:
15607:
15598:
15589:
15580:
15571:
15562:
15553:
15544:
15535:
15526:
15517:
15508:
15499:
15490:
15481:
15472:
15463:
15454:
15445:
15436:
15427:
15418:
15409:
15400:
15391:
15382:
15373:
15364:
15355:
15346:
15337:
15328:
15319:
15310:
15301:
15292:
15283:
15274:
15265:
15256:
15247:
15238:
15229:
15220:
15211:
15202:
15193:
15184:
15175:
15166:
15157:
15148:
15139:
15130:
15121:
15112:
15103:
15094:
15085:
15076:
15067:
15058:
15049:
15040:
15031:
15022:
15013:
15004:
14995:
14986:
14977:
14968:
14959:
14950:
14941:
14932:
14923:
14914:
14905:
14896:
14887:
14878:
14869:
14860:
14851:
14842:
14833:
14824:
14815:
14806:
14797:
14788:
14779:
14770:
14761:
14752:
14743:
14734:
14725:
14716:
14707:
14698:
14689:
14680:
14671:
14662:
14653:
14644:
14635:
14626:
14617:
14608:
14599:
14590:
14581:
14572:
14563:
14554:
14545:
14536:
14527:
14518:
14509:
14500:
14491:
14482:
14473:
14464:
14455:
14446:
14437:
14428:
14419:
14410:
14401:
14392:
14383:
14374:
14365:
14356:
14347:
14338:
14329:
14320:
14311:
14302:
14293:
14284:
14275:
14266:
14257:
14248:
14239:
14230:
14221:
14212:
14203:
14194:
14185:
14176:
14167:
14158:
14149:
14140:
14131:
14122:
14113:
14104:
14095:
14086:
14077:
14068:
14059:
14050:
14041:
14032:
14023:
14014:
14005:
13996:
13987:
13978:
13969:
13960:
13951:
13942:
13933:
13924:
13915:
13906:
13897:
13888:
13879:
13870:
13861:
13852:
13843:
13834:
13825:
13816:
13807:
13798:
13789:
13780:
13771:
13762:
13753:
13744:
13735:
13726:
13717:
13708:
13699:
13690:
13681:
13672:
13663:
13654:
13645:
13636:
13627:
13618:
13609:
13600:
13591:
13582:
13573:
13564:
13555:
13546:
13537:
13528:
13519:
13510:
13501:
13492:
13483:
13474:
13465:
13456:
13447:
13438:
13429:
13420:
13411:
13402:
13393:
13384:
13375:
13366:
13357:
13348:
13339:
13330:
13321:
13312:
13303:
13294:
13285:
13276:
13267:
13258:
13249:
13240:
13231:
13222:
13213:
13204:
13195:
13186:
13177:
13168:
13159:
13150:
13141:
13132:
13123:
13114:
13105:
13096:
13087:
13078:
13069:
13060:
13051:
13042:
13033:
13026:
13025:
12887:Arab al-Samniyya
12855:
12848:
12841:
12832:
12831:
12819:
12818:
12816:
12814:
12799:
12657:Jabal el-Hussein
12643:
12482:
12441:Unofficial camps
12341:
12127:
12028:
12021:
12014:
12012:
12011:
12004:
11997:
11995:
11994:
11987:
11980:
11978:
11977:
11970:
11963:
11961:
11960:
11953:
11946:
11944:
11943:
11936:
11935:
11919:
11912:
11905:
11896:
11895:
11724:Present absentee
11598:
11591:
11584:
11575:
11574:
11445:
11443:
11441:
11435:
11420:
11412:Sayigh, Rosemary
11272:
11247:
11245:
11243:
11214:
11212:
11210:
11189:
11187:
11185:
11015:
11013:
11011:
10925:, November 1961.
10888:
10838:
10736:Féron, Valerie.
10733:
10711:
10688:
10686:
10684:
10641:
10639:
10637:
10604:
10602:
10600:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10488:(1–2): 129–153.
10447:Sacred Landscape
10414:
10412:
10410:
10361:
10359:
10357:
10321:
10320:
10304:
10298:
10297:
10279:
10273:
10272:
10270:
10268:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10215:
10209:
10208:
10206:
10204:
10195:. 31 July 2012.
10185:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10174:
10155:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10144:
10125:
10119:
10118:. 24 March 2015.
10102:
10096:
10095:
10093:
10091:
10067:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10056:
10036:
10030:
10029:
10014:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10003:
9983:
9977:
9976:
9964:
9958:
9955:
9949:
9942:
9936:
9921:
9915:
9904:
9898:
9891:
9885:
9870:
9864:
9863:
9861:
9859:
9834:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9823:
9814:. Archived from
9804:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9778:
9772:
9754:
9748:
9735:
9729:
9726:
9717:
9716:
9708:
9697:
9696:
9667:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9656:
9636:
9630:
9629:
9627:
9625:
9619:
9613:. Archived from
9606:
9597:
9591:
9590:
9588:
9586:
9571:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9560:
9541:
9535:
9525:
9519:
9512:The Other Exodus
9508:
9502:
9484:
9478:
9460:
9454:
9453:
9447:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9424:
9418:
9401:
9395:
9394:
9392:
9390:
9371:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9360:
9351:. Archived from
9345:
9339:
9327:Mendes, Philip.
9325:
9319:
9316:
9310:
9304:
9298:
9285:
9279:
9278:
9273:. Archived from
9267:
9261:
9258:
9252:
9250:
9248:
9246:
9237:. Archived from
9230:
9219:
9212:
9206:
9203:
9197:
9184:
9178:
9165:
9159:
9158:
9152:
9150:
9135:
9129:
9128:
9123:
9121:
9090:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9078:
9072:
9065:
9057:
9051:
9048:
9042:
9039:
9033:
9027:
9021:
9015:
9009:
8992:
8986:
8985:
8965:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8928:
8922:
8919:
8913:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8891:
8889:
8880:. Archived from
8873:
8867:
8854:
8848:
8824:
8818:
8799:
8793:
8789:
8783:
8780:
8774:
8761:
8755:
8730:
8724:
8717:
8711:
8704:
8695:
8683:
8677:
8670:
8664:
8651:
8645:
8638:
8632:
8625:
8619:
8612:
8606:
8603:
8597:
8594:
8588:
8585:
8579:
8576:
8570:
8563:
8557:
8550:
8544:
8537:
8531:
8521:
8515:
8509:
8503:
8496:
8490:
8477:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8466:
8451:
8445:
8438:
8432:
8382:
8376:
8369:Meron Benvenisti
8366:
8360:
8359:
8354:
8352:
8318:
8312:
8311:
8302:
8300:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8250:
8248:
8215:
8209:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8164:
8158:
8138:
8132:
8126:
8120:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8102:
8099:
8093:
8090:
8084:
8081:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8064:
8058:. Archived from
8051:
8045:
8035:
8029:
8015:
8009:
7995:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7984:
7969:
7960:
7957:
7951:
7924:
7918:
7893:
7887:
7883:
7877:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7841:
7766:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7665:
7659:
7645:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7611:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7583:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7562:in terms of the
7552:
7546:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7525:
7506:. pp. 21–.
7490:
7484:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7416:
7410:
7409:Ilan Pappé, 2006
7407:
7380:
7379:
7342:
7336:
7335:
7235:Honaida Ghanim,
7233:
7216:
7212:
7206:
7205:
7188:The Palestinians
7184:
7168:
7155:
7128:
7118:
7082:
7055:
7032:
7006:
7000:
6985:
6921:
6919:Palestine portal
6916:
6915:
6914:
6896:
6884:
6872:
6860:
6719:One Million Plan
6691:Muslim countries
6609:'s daily/weekly
6445:ethnic cleansing
6198:Total population
6195:
6191:
6156:
6104:(Galilee, etc.)
6007:No. of refugees
5998:
5994:
5949:
5877:
5873:
5836:David Ben-Gurion
5675:Operation Ha-Har
5583:David Ben-Gurion
5344:Meron Benvenisti
5278:
5271:
5264:
5223:
5155:Dome of the Rock
5049:
4891:
4890:
4866:
4847:
4846:
4759:Operation Zarzir
4572:ethnic cleansing
4491:– about half of
4460:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4406:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4235:
4226:
4217:
4208:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4154:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3947:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3659:
3650:
3641:
3632:
3623:
3614:
3605:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3551:
3542:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3209:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3119:
3110:
3101:
3092:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
484:
483:
463:
456:
449:
192:Present absentee
129:Arab–Israeli War
39:
32:
31:
21:
23342:
23341:
23337:
23336:
23335:
23333:
23332:
23331:
23287:
23286:
23285:
23280:
23270:
23264:
23200:Yazidi genocide
23106:Revival Process
23042:Thích Quảng Đức
23030:Buddhist crisis
23024:Istanbul pogrom
22892:1970–1987
22887:1958–1964
22882:1928–1941
22877:1921–1928
22872:1917–1921
22757:Goa Inquisition
22691:Battle of Tours
22681:(c.550–c. 1200)
22675:(c. 324–c. 491)
22655:
22556:Ethnic violence
22551:Ethnic conflict
22499:
22498:
22497:
22452:minority Muslim
22334:
22325:
22295:
22290:
22267:
22258:Second Cold War
22216:
22144:
22138:
22114:Odd Arne Westad
22104:Patrick Vaughan
22089:Athan Theoharis
22069:Ellen Schrecker
22054:Yakov M. Rabkin
22029:Timothy Naftali
21974:Tvrtko Jakovina
21959:Jussi Hanhimäki
21842:
21820:
21810:
21788:Paix et Liberté
21763:
21707:Active measures
21688:
21618:
21599:White supremacy
21559:Totalitarianism
21487:
21412:
21335:
21321:Reagan Doctrine
21316:Carter Doctrine
21256:Truman Doctrine
21244:
21191:
21123:
21018:Soviet reaction
20929:Ndogboyosoi War
20836:
20807:Saur Revolution
20634:1973 oil crisis
20599:Munich massacre
20507:Alcora Exercise
20502:Black September
20480:
20226:Sino-Indian War
20120:Simba rebellion
20103:
19947:Capture of the
19855:
19794:Berlin Blockade
19727:May 1947 crises
19717:Truman Doctrine
19682:Greek Civil War
19671:Blacklist Forty
19638:Gouzenko Affair
19625:Cursed soldiers
19577:Morgenthau Plan
19565:
19503:
19498:
19468:
19463:
19382:Ghabat Kafr Sur
19370:Bayyarat Hannun
19347:
19193:
19067:al-Ras al-Ahmar
18937:Khiyam al-Walid
18735:
18487:Dayr Abu Salama
18368:
18335:
18093:
18048:
17903:
17804:
17552:Balad al-Sheikh
17494:
17240:
17207:
17012:
17011:
17010:
17009:
17008:
17007:
17006:
17005:
17004:
17003:
16995:
16994:
16986:
16985:
16977:
16976:
16968:
16967:
16959:
16958:
16950:
16949:
16941:
16940:
16932:
16931:
16923:
16922:
16914:
16913:
16905:
16904:
16896:
16895:
16887:
16886:
16878:
16877:
16869:
16868:
16860:
16859:
16851:
16850:
16842:
16841:
16833:
16832:
16824:
16823:
16815:
16814:
16806:
16805:
16797:
16796:
16788:
16787:
16779:
16778:
16770:
16769:
16761:
16760:
16752:
16751:
16743:
16742:
16734:
16733:
16725:
16724:
16716:
16715:
16707:
16706:
16698:
16697:
16689:
16688:
16680:
16679:
16671:
16670:
16662:
16661:
16653:
16652:
16644:
16643:
16635:
16634:
16626:
16625:
16617:
16616:
16608:
16607:
16599:
16598:
16590:
16589:
16581:
16580:
16572:
16571:
16563:
16562:
16554:
16553:
16545:
16544:
16536:
16535:
16527:
16526:
16518:
16517:
16509:
16508:
16500:
16499:
16491:
16490:
16482:
16481:
16473:
16472:
16464:
16463:
16455:
16454:
16446:
16445:
16437:
16436:
16428:
16427:
16419:
16418:
16410:
16409:
16401:
16400:
16392:
16391:
16383:
16382:
16374:
16373:
16365:
16364:
16356:
16355:
16347:
16346:
16338:
16337:
16329:
16328:
16320:
16319:
16311:
16310:
16302:
16301:
16293:
16292:
16284:
16283:
16275:
16274:
16266:
16265:
16257:
16256:
16248:
16247:
16239:
16238:
16230:
16229:
16221:
16220:
16212:
16211:
16203:
16202:
16194:
16193:
16185:
16184:
16176:
16175:
16167:
16166:
16158:
16157:
16149:
16148:
16140:
16139:
16131:
16130:
16122:
16121:
16113:
16112:
16104:
16103:
16095:
16094:
16086:
16085:
16077:
16076:
16068:
16067:
16059:
16058:
16050:
16049:
16041:
16040:
16032:
16031:
16023:
16022:
16014:
16013:
16005:
16004:
15996:
15995:
15987:
15986:
15978:
15977:
15969:
15968:
15960:
15959:
15951:
15950:
15942:
15941:
15933:
15932:
15924:
15923:
15915:
15914:
15906:
15905:
15897:
15896:
15888:
15887:
15879:
15878:
15870:
15869:
15861:
15860:
15852:
15851:
15843:
15842:
15834:
15833:
15825:
15824:
15816:
15815:
15807:
15806:
15798:
15797:
15789:
15788:
15780:
15779:
15771:
15770:
15762:
15761:
15753:
15752:
15744:
15743:
15735:
15734:
15726:
15725:
15717:
15716:
15708:
15707:
15699:
15698:
15690:
15689:
15681:
15680:
15672:
15671:
15663:
15662:
15654:
15653:
15645:
15644:
15636:
15635:
15627:
15626:
15618:
15617:
15609:
15608:
15600:
15599:
15591:
15590:
15582:
15581:
15573:
15572:
15564:
15563:
15555:
15554:
15546:
15545:
15537:
15536:
15528:
15527:
15519:
15518:
15510:
15509:
15501:
15500:
15492:
15491:
15483:
15482:
15474:
15473:
15465:
15464:
15456:
15455:
15447:
15446:
15438:
15437:
15429:
15428:
15420:
15419:
15411:
15410:
15402:
15401:
15393:
15392:
15384:
15383:
15375:
15374:
15366:
15365:
15357:
15356:
15348:
15347:
15339:
15338:
15330:
15329:
15321:
15320:
15312:
15311:
15303:
15302:
15294:
15293:
15285:
15284:
15276:
15275:
15267:
15266:
15258:
15257:
15249:
15248:
15240:
15239:
15231:
15230:
15222:
15221:
15213:
15212:
15204:
15203:
15195:
15194:
15186:
15185:
15177:
15176:
15168:
15167:
15159:
15158:
15150:
15149:
15141:
15140:
15132:
15131:
15123:
15122:
15114:
15113:
15105:
15104:
15096:
15095:
15087:
15086:
15078:
15077:
15069:
15068:
15060:
15059:
15051:
15050:
15042:
15041:
15033:
15032:
15024:
15023:
15015:
15014:
15006:
15005:
14997:
14996:
14988:
14987:
14979:
14978:
14970:
14969:
14961:
14960:
14952:
14951:
14943:
14942:
14934:
14933:
14925:
14924:
14916:
14915:
14907:
14906:
14898:
14897:
14889:
14888:
14880:
14879:
14871:
14870:
14862:
14861:
14853:
14852:
14844:
14843:
14835:
14834:
14826:
14825:
14817:
14816:
14808:
14807:
14799:
14798:
14790:
14789:
14781:
14780:
14772:
14771:
14763:
14762:
14754:
14753:
14745:
14744:
14736:
14735:
14727:
14726:
14718:
14717:
14709:
14708:
14700:
14699:
14691:
14690:
14682:
14681:
14673:
14672:
14664:
14663:
14655:
14654:
14646:
14645:
14637:
14636:
14628:
14627:
14619:
14618:
14610:
14609:
14601:
14600:
14592:
14591:
14583:
14582:
14574:
14573:
14565:
14564:
14556:
14555:
14547:
14546:
14538:
14537:
14529:
14528:
14520:
14519:
14511:
14510:
14502:
14501:
14493:
14492:
14484:
14483:
14475:
14474:
14466:
14465:
14457:
14456:
14448:
14447:
14439:
14438:
14430:
14429:
14421:
14420:
14412:
14411:
14403:
14402:
14394:
14393:
14385:
14384:
14376:
14375:
14367:
14366:
14358:
14357:
14349:
14348:
14340:
14339:
14331:
14330:
14322:
14321:
14313:
14312:
14304:
14303:
14295:
14294:
14286:
14285:
14277:
14276:
14268:
14267:
14259:
14258:
14250:
14249:
14241:
14240:
14232:
14231:
14223:
14222:
14214:
14213:
14205:
14204:
14196:
14195:
14187:
14186:
14178:
14177:
14169:
14168:
14160:
14159:
14151:
14150:
14142:
14141:
14133:
14132:
14124:
14123:
14115:
14114:
14106:
14105:
14097:
14096:
14088:
14087:
14079:
14078:
14070:
14069:
14061:
14060:
14052:
14051:
14043:
14042:
14034:
14033:
14025:
14024:
14016:
14015:
14007:
14006:
13998:
13997:
13989:
13988:
13980:
13979:
13971:
13970:
13962:
13961:
13953:
13952:
13944:
13943:
13935:
13934:
13926:
13925:
13917:
13916:
13908:
13907:
13899:
13898:
13890:
13889:
13881:
13880:
13872:
13871:
13863:
13862:
13854:
13853:
13845:
13844:
13836:
13835:
13827:
13826:
13818:
13817:
13809:
13808:
13800:
13799:
13791:
13790:
13782:
13781:
13773:
13772:
13764:
13763:
13755:
13754:
13746:
13745:
13737:
13736:
13728:
13727:
13719:
13718:
13710:
13709:
13701:
13700:
13692:
13691:
13683:
13682:
13674:
13673:
13665:
13664:
13656:
13655:
13647:
13646:
13638:
13637:
13629:
13628:
13620:
13619:
13611:
13610:
13602:
13601:
13593:
13592:
13584:
13583:
13575:
13574:
13566:
13565:
13557:
13556:
13548:
13547:
13539:
13538:
13530:
13529:
13521:
13520:
13512:
13511:
13503:
13502:
13494:
13493:
13485:
13484:
13476:
13475:
13467:
13466:
13458:
13457:
13449:
13448:
13440:
13439:
13431:
13430:
13422:
13421:
13413:
13412:
13404:
13403:
13395:
13394:
13386:
13385:
13377:
13376:
13368:
13367:
13359:
13358:
13350:
13349:
13341:
13340:
13332:
13331:
13323:
13322:
13314:
13313:
13305:
13304:
13296:
13295:
13287:
13286:
13278:
13277:
13269:
13268:
13260:
13259:
13251:
13250:
13242:
13241:
13233:
13232:
13224:
13223:
13215:
13214:
13206:
13205:
13197:
13196:
13188:
13187:
13179:
13178:
13170:
13169:
13161:
13160:
13152:
13151:
13143:
13142:
13134:
13133:
13125:
13124:
13116:
13115:
13107:
13106:
13098:
13097:
13089:
13088:
13080:
13079:
13071:
13070:
13062:
13061:
13053:
13052:
13044:
13043:
13035:
13034:
13011:
12868:
12859:
12829:
12824:
12823:
12822:
12812:
12810:
12803:"Camp Profiles"
12801:
12800:
12796:
12783:
12778:
12638:
12576:Burj el-Shemali
12477:
12336:
12272:Ein Beit al-Ma'
12122:
12019:
12018:
12009:
12007:
12002:
12001:
11992:
11990:
11985:
11984:
11975:
11973:
11968:
11967:
11958:
11956:
11951:
11950:
11941:
11939:
11929:
11923:
11893:
11888:
11879:
11848:
11832:
11769:Notable writers
11764:
11750:Battle of Haifa
11738:
11653:
11607:
11602:
11559:Wayback Machine
11547:Wayback Machine
11521:
11516:
11439:
11437:
11433:
11418:
11392:Safran, Nadav.
11372:Sa'di, Ahmad H.
11241:
11239:
11232:
11208:
11206:
11183:
11181:
11009:
11007:
10877:10.2307/2536786
10827:10.2307/2536126
10730:
10716:Esber, Rosemary
10682:
10680:
10635:
10633:
10626:
10598:
10596:
10519:
10517:
10408:
10406:
10399:
10381:Lavoy, Peter R.
10355:
10353:
10345:Al-Ahram Weekly
10330:
10325:
10324:
10305:
10301:
10285:"1948 as Jihad"
10280:
10276:
10266:
10264:
10247:
10243:
10233:
10231:
10216:
10212:
10202:
10200:
10193:Yedioth Ahronot
10187:
10186:
10182:
10172:
10170:
10157:
10156:
10152:
10142:
10140:
10127:
10126:
10122:
10112:Wayback Machine
10103:
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10064:
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10037:
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10016:
10015:
10011:
10001:
9999:
9984:
9980:
9965:
9961:
9956:
9952:
9943:
9939:
9922:
9918:
9905:
9901:
9892:
9888:
9871:
9867:
9857:
9855:
9847:New Left Review
9838:Anderson, Perry
9835:
9831:
9821:
9819:
9812:Al-Ahram Weekly
9806:
9805:
9801:
9791:
9789:
9780:
9779:
9775:
9763:7 July 2012 at
9755:
9751:
9745:Wayback Machine
9736:
9732:
9727:
9720:
9709:
9700:
9668:
9664:
9654:
9652:
9637:
9633:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9604:
9600:Karsh, Efraim.
9598:
9594:
9584:
9582:
9573:
9572:
9568:
9558:
9556:
9543:
9542:
9538:
9526:
9522:
9509:
9505:
9495:Wayback Machine
9485:
9481:
9471:Wayback Machine
9461:
9457:
9441:
9440:
9433:
9431:
9425:
9421:
9417:, 23 June 2008.
9411:Wayback Machine
9402:
9398:
9388:
9386:
9373:
9372:
9368:
9358:
9356:
9355:on 17 July 2012
9347:
9346:
9342:
9336:Wayback Machine
9326:
9322:
9317:
9313:
9305:
9301:
9296:Wayback Machine
9287:See article 37
9286:
9282:
9269:
9268:
9264:
9259:
9255:
9244:
9242:
9233:
9231:
9222:
9213:
9209:
9204:
9200:
9194:Wayback Machine
9185:
9181:
9175:Wayback Machine
9166:
9162:
9148:
9146:
9137:
9136:
9132:
9119:
9117:
9110:
9091:
9087:
9076:
9074:
9073:on 23 July 2008
9070:
9063:
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9054:
9049:
9045:
9040:
9036:
9028:
9024:
9016:
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9003:Wayback Machine
8993:
8989:
8966:
8955:
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8930:
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8925:
8920:
8916:
8910:Wayback Machine
8901:
8897:
8887:
8885:
8874:
8870:
8864:Wayback Machine
8857:UN Doc. PAL/370
8855:
8851:
8842:Wayback Machine
8825:
8821:
8809:Wayback Machine
8800:
8796:
8790:
8786:
8781:
8777:
8771:Wayback Machine
8762:
8758:
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8727:
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8693:Wayback Machine
8684:
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8662:Wayback Machine
8652:
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8522:
8518:
8510:
8506:
8497:
8493:
8487:Wayback Machine
8478:
8474:
8464:
8462:
8453:
8452:
8448:
8439:
8435:
8425:Leitenberg 2001
8383:
8379:
8367:
8363:
8350:
8348:
8320:
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8315:
8298:
8296:
8265:
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8212:
8196:
8192:
8181:
8165:
8161:
8151:Wayback Machine
8139:
8135:
8127:
8123:
8118:
8114:
8110:Glazer, p. 104.
8109:
8105:
8101:(Gelber, p. 79)
8100:
8096:
8091:
8087:
8082:
8078:
8068:
8066:
8062:
8052:
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8026:Wayback Machine
8016:
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8006:Wayback Machine
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7937:Wayback Machine
7925:
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7911:Wayback Machine
7894:
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7874:
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7863:
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7769:
7764:Wayback Machine
7752:The Irish Times
7748:
7744:
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7705:
7701:
7691:
7689:
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7666:
7662:
7656:Wayback Machine
7646:
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7584:
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7549:
7540:
7536:
7523:
7521:
7514:
7494:Khalidi, Rashid
7491:
7487:
7475:
7471:
7464:
7446:
7442:
7417:
7413:
7408:
7383:
7343:
7339:
7277:Wayback Machine
7260:Wayback Machine
7246:Wayback Machine
7234:
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7225:
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7213:
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7202:
7164:. 15 May 2018.
7156:
7148:
7111:
7075:
7048:
7025:
7007:
7003:
6986:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6948:Ethnic conflict
6917:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6900:
6897:
6888:
6885:
6876:
6873:
6864:
6861:
6852:
6843:Darin J. Sallam
6827:Peter Kosminsky
6777:
6761:Rosemarie Esber
6757:
6734:Yehouda Shenhav
6714:Yehoshua Porath
6695:H.Res. 185
6674:In March 2015,
6669:Second Intifada
6626:
6607:Communist Party
6585:
6558:in March 2011.
6458:
6430:
6424:
6416:
6399:
6371:
6359:
6340:nationalisation
6332:
6326:
6283:
6277:
6190:
6187:
6179:Main articles:
6177:
6158:
6138:
6120:
6102:
6084:
6066:
6048:
6030:
5958:
5868:
5862:
5832:
5830:Economic damage
5823:
5780:
5774:
5736:
5731:
5691:Operation Horev
5683:Operation Hiram
5655:
5571:
5565:
5435:
5427:Ya'akov Lublini
5366:
5360:
5282:
5221:
5088:
5070:
5047:
4993:
4947:
4886:
4885:
4837:
4835:April–June 1948
4763:Amin al-Husayni
4688:wrote that the
4648:
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2014:
2013:
2005:
2004:
1996:
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1987:
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1978:
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1969:
1968:
1960:
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1951:
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987:
979:
978:
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969:
961:
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943:
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916:
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861:
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852:
844:
843:
835:
834:
826:
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799:
798:
790:
789:
781:
780:
772:
771:
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762:
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736:
735:
727:
726:
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717:
709:
708:
700:
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691:
690:
682:
681:
673:
672:
664:
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655:
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645:
637:
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628:
627:
619:
618:
610:
609:
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600:
592:
591:
583:
582:
574:
573:
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564:
556:
555:
547:
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538:
537:
529:
528:
520:
519:
511:
510:
502:
501:
493:
492:
467:
438:
437:
423:
422:
413:
412:
391:
390:
381:
380:
351:Palestinian key
346:
345:
336:
335:
266:
265:
264:Notable writers
256:
255:
229:
228:
219:
218:
185:Right of return
163:
162:
151:
150:
117:Battle of Haifa
88:
61:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
23340:
23330:
23329:
23327:1940s in Islam
23324:
23319:
23314:
23309:
23304:
23299:
23282:
23281:
23269:
23266:
23265:
23263:
23262:
23256:
23251:
23245:
23239:
23233:
23227:
23226:(2016–ongoing)
23221:
23220:(2014–ongoing)
23215:
23209:
23208:(2014–ongoing)
23203:
23197:
23191:
23185:
23184:(2009–ongoing)
23179:
23178:(2004–ongoing)
23173:
23167:
23161:
23155:
23149:
23148:
23147:
23141:
23135:
23123:
23117:
23116:
23115:
23103:
23097:
23091:
23085:
23084:(1971–ongoing)
23079:
23073:
23072:
23071:
23065:
23053:
23052:
23051:
23045:
23039:
23027:
23021:
23020:(1953–ongoing)
23015:
23009:
23008:(1950–ongoing)
23003:
23002:(1949–ongoing)
22997:
22991:
22985:
22984:(1947–ongoing)
22979:
22978:(1947–ongoing)
22973:
22972:(1947–ongoing)
22967:
22961:
22955:
22949:
22946:Noakhali riots
22943:
22937:
22931:
22925:
22919:
22913:
22907:
22901:
22900:
22899:
22894:
22889:
22884:
22879:
22874:
22863:
22857:
22851:
22845:
22844:
22843:
22835:Greek genocide
22832:
22826:
22823:Adana massacre
22820:
22814:
22808:
22802:
22796:
22790:
22784:
22778:
22772:
22766:
22760:
22754:
22748:
22742:
22736:
22730:
22724:
22718:
22712:
22706:
22700:
22694:
22688:
22687:(c.184–c. 205)
22682:
22676:
22670:
22663:
22661:
22657:
22656:
22654:
22653:
22648:
22643:
22638:
22636:State religion
22633:
22628:
22623:
22618:
22613:
22608:
22603:
22598:
22593:
22588:
22583:
22578:
22573:
22568:
22563:
22558:
22553:
22548:
22543:
22541:Discrimination
22538:
22533:
22528:
22523:
22518:
22513:
22507:
22505:
22501:
22500:
22496:
22495:
22493:Zoroastrianism
22490:
22485:
22480:
22475:
22470:
22469:
22468:
22458:
22457:
22456:
22455:
22454:
22449:
22444:
22439:
22434:
22419:
22418:
22417:
22415:Untouchability
22412:
22402:
22397:
22396:
22395:
22390:
22385:
22380:
22375:
22365:
22360:
22355:
22350:
22344:
22343:
22342:
22340:
22336:
22335:
22332:discrimination
22324:
22323:
22316:
22309:
22301:
22292:
22291:
22289:
22288:
22283:
22278:
22272:
22269:
22268:
22266:
22265:
22260:
22255:
22250:
22245:
22240:
22235:
22230:
22224:
22222:
22218:
22217:
22215:
22214:
22209:
22204:
22199:
22194:
22189:
22184:
22179:
22174:
22169:
22164:
22159:
22154:
22148:
22146:
22140:
22139:
22137:
22136:
22131:
22126:
22121:
22116:
22111:
22106:
22101:
22096:
22091:
22086:
22084:Timothy Snyder
22081:
22076:
22071:
22066:
22061:
22056:
22051:
22046:
22041:
22036:
22031:
22026:
22021:
22016:
22014:Vojtech Mastny
22011:
22009:Geir Lundestad
22006:
22001:
21999:Walter Laqueur
21996:
21994:Walter LaFeber
21991:
21986:
21981:
21976:
21971:
21966:
21961:
21956:
21951:
21946:
21941:
21936:
21931:
21926:
21924:André Fontaine
21921:
21916:
21911:
21906:
21901:
21896:
21891:
21886:
21881:
21876:
21871:
21866:
21861:
21856:
21854:Gar Alperovitz
21850:
21848:
21844:
21843:
21841:
21840:
21835:
21830:
21824:
21822:
21816:
21815:
21812:
21811:
21809:
21808:
21803:
21797:
21796:
21791:
21784:
21779:
21771:
21769:
21765:
21764:
21762:
21761:
21754:
21749:
21742:
21735:
21730:
21723:
21716:
21709:
21703:
21701:
21694:
21690:
21689:
21687:
21686:
21681:
21676:
21671:
21666:
21661:
21656:
21651:
21646:
21641:
21636:
21630:
21628:
21624:
21623:
21620:
21619:
21617:
21616:
21611:
21606:
21601:
21596:
21594:Third-Worldism
21591:
21586:
21581:
21576:
21571:
21566:
21561:
21556:
21551:
21546:
21541:
21536:
21531:
21526:
21521:
21516:
21511:
21506:
21501:
21495:
21493:
21489:
21488:
21486:
21485:
21480:
21475:
21470:
21465:
21460:
21453:
21448:
21443:
21438:
21433:
21428:
21422:
21420:
21414:
21413:
21411:
21410:
21405:
21400:
21395:
21390:
21385:
21383:Libertarianism
21380:
21375:
21374:
21373:
21363:
21361:Chicago school
21358:
21352:
21350:
21341:
21337:
21336:
21334:
21333:
21328:
21323:
21318:
21313:
21308:
21306:Nixon Doctrine
21303:
21298:
21293:
21288:
21283:
21278:
21273:
21268:
21263:
21258:
21252:
21250:
21249:Foreign policy
21246:
21245:
21243:
21242:
21237:
21232:
21227:
21222:
21217:
21212:
21207:
21201:
21199:
21193:
21192:
21190:
21189:
21184:
21183:
21182:
21172:
21167:
21162:
21157:
21152:
21147:
21142:
21137:
21131:
21129:
21125:
21124:
21122:
21121:
21116:
21111:
21106:
21101:
21096:
21091:
21086:
21081:
21076:
21071:
21066:
21061:
21056:
21051:
21046:
21041:
21036:
21034:Operation RYAN
21031:
21026:
21021:
21011:
21006:
21001:
20996:
20991:
20986:
20981:
20976:
20971:
20966:
20961:
20956:
20951:
20946:
20941:
20939:Able Archer 83
20936:
20931:
20926:
20921:
20916:
20911:
20906:
20901:
20896:
20891:
20886:
20885:
20884:
20874:
20869:
20864:
20855:
20850:
20844:
20842:
20838:
20837:
20835:
20834:
20829:
20824:
20819:
20814:
20809:
20804:
20799:
20794:
20789:
20784:
20779:
20774:
20769:
20764:
20759:
20754:
20749:
20744:
20736:
20731:
20726:
20721:
20716:
20711:
20706:
20701:
20696:
20691:
20689:Oromo conflict
20686:
20681:
20676:
20671:
20666:
20661:
20656:
20651:
20646:
20641:
20636:
20631:
20629:Yom Kippur War
20626:
20621:
20616:
20611:
20606:
20601:
20596:
20591:
20586:
20581:
20576:
20571:
20566:
20561:
20556:
20551:
20546:
20539:
20534:
20529:
20524:
20519:
20514:
20509:
20504:
20499:
20494:
20488:
20486:
20482:
20481:
20479:
20478:
20473:
20468:
20463:
20458:
20453:
20452:
20451:
20441:
20436:
20431:
20426:
20421:
20412:
20407:
20406:
20405:
20395:
20390:
20385:
20380:
20375:
20370:
20365:
20360:
20355:
20350:
20345:
20340:
20335:
20330:
20325:
20320:
20315:
20310:
20305:
20300:
20295:
20290:
20285:
20284:
20283:
20273:
20268:
20263:
20261:Aden Emergency
20258:
20253:
20248:
20243:
20238:
20233:
20228:
20223:
20218:
20213:
20212:
20211:
20206:
20201:
20191:
20186:
20181:
20179:Papua conflict
20176:
20171:
20166:
20161:
20160:
20159:
20149:
20148:
20147:
20137:
20132:
20127:
20122:
20117:
20111:
20109:
20105:
20104:
20102:
20101:
20096:
20095:
20094:
20084:
20082:Kitchen Debate
20079:
20074:
20069:
20064:
20059:
20054:
20049:
20044:
20042:Sputnik crisis
20039:
20034:
20026:
20019:
20014:
20012:Polish October
20009:
20004:
19999:
19992:
19987:
19982:
19977:
19972:
19967:
19962:
19957:
19952:
19944:
19939:
19934:
19929:
19924:
19919:
19914:
19912:Pact of Madrid
19909:
19904:
19899:
19894:
19889:
19884:
19879:
19874:
19869:
19867:Bamboo Curtain
19863:
19861:
19857:
19856:
19854:
19853:
19848:
19843:
19838:
19837:
19836:
19826:
19821:
19816:
19811:
19806:
19801:
19796:
19791:
19786:
19781:
19776:
19771:
19766:
19761:
19760:
19759:
19754:
19749:
19739:
19734:
19729:
19724:
19719:
19714:
19709:
19704:
19699:
19694:
19689:
19684:
19679:
19674:
19666:
19658:
19650:
19645:
19640:
19635:
19627:
19622:
19621:
19620:
19615:
19607:
19594:
19589:
19584:
19579:
19573:
19571:
19567:
19566:
19564:
19563:
19558:
19553:
19548:
19543:
19538:
19533:
19528:
19523:
19516:
19508:
19505:
19504:
19497:
19496:
19489:
19482:
19474:
19465:
19464:
19462:
19461:
19456:
19451:
19449:
19444:
19442:
19437:
19435:
19430:
19425:
19420:
19418:
19413:
19408:
19403:
19401:
19396:
19394:
19389:
19384:
19379:
19377:
19372:
19367:
19365:
19360:
19357:
19355:
19349:
19348:
19346:
19345:
19340:
19335:
19330:
19325:
19323:
19318:
19313:
19308:
19306:
19301:
19299:
19294:
19289:
19287:
19282:
19277:
19272:
19267:
19262:
19260:
19255:
19250:
19248:
19243:
19238:
19233:
19228:
19223:
19218:
19216:
19211:
19209:
19203:
19201:
19195:
19194:
19192:
19191:
19186:
19184:
19179:
19177:
19172:
19170:
19168:al-Zanghariyya
19165:
19160:
19155:
19153:
19148:
19143:
19141:
19136:
19134:
19129:
19124:
19122:
19117:
19115:
19110:
19108:
19103:
19098:
19093:
19091:
19086:
19081:
19076:
19071:
19069:
19064:
19059:
19057:
19052:
19050:
19045:
19040:
19035:
19033:
19028:
19026:al-Nabi Yusha'
19023:
19018:
19016:
19014:Mughr al-Khayt
19011:
19009:
19004:
19002:
18997:
18992:
18987:
18985:
18980:
18975:
18973:
18968:
18963:
18958:
18953:
18948:
18946:
18941:
18939:
18934:
18929:
18924:
18922:
18920:Khan al-Duwayr
18917:
18915:
18910:
18905:
18900:
18895:
18890:
18885:
18880:
18875:
18870:
18868:
18863:
18861:
18856:
18851:
18846:
18841:
18839:
18834:
18832:al-Dirbashiyya
18829:
18827:
18822:
18817:
18815:
18810:
18805:
18800:
18795:
18790:
18788:
18783:
18781:Arab al-Zubayd
18778:
18773:
18768:
18763:
18758:
18753:
18751:
18745:
18743:
18737:
18736:
18734:
18733:
18728:
18723:
18721:
18716:
18711:
18709:
18704:
18702:
18697:
18692:
18690:
18685:
18683:
18678:
18673:
18671:
18666:
18661:
18656:
18651:
18646:
18641:
18636:
18634:
18629:
18627:
18622:
18617:
18612:
18607:
18605:
18600:
18595:
18593:
18588:
18586:
18581:
18576:
18574:
18569:
18564:
18559:
18557:
18552:
18547:
18545:
18540:
18535:
18530:
18525:
18523:
18518:
18513:
18508:
18506:
18501:
18496:
18494:
18489:
18484:
18482:
18477:
18475:
18470:
18468:
18463:
18461:
18456:
18454:
18449:
18447:
18442:
18437:
18435:
18430:
18425:
18420:
18418:
18413:
18408:
18406:
18401:
18396:
18391:
18389:
18384:
18378:
18376:
18370:
18369:
18367:
18366:
18361:
18356:
18351:
18345:
18343:
18337:
18336:
18334:
18333:
18328:
18323:
18321:
18316:
18314:
18309:
18307:
18302:
18297:
18292:
18287:
18282:
18280:Ras Abu 'Ammar
18277:
18275:
18270:
18265:
18260:
18255:
18253:
18248:
18243:
18238:
18236:
18231:
18229:
18224:
18222:
18217:
18212:
18210:
18205:
18200:
18195:
18190:
18188:Dayr al-Shaykh
18185:
18180:
18178:
18173:
18171:
18166:
18164:
18159:
18157:
18152:
18150:
18145:
18143:
18138:
18136:
18131:
18126:
18121:
18116:
18111:
18109:
18103:
18101:
18095:
18094:
18092:
18091:
18086:
18081:
18076:
18071:
18069:
18064:
18058:
18056:
18050:
18049:
18047:
18046:
18041:
18036:
18031:
18029:
18024:
18019:
18014:
18012:
18007:
18002:
18000:
17995:
17990:
17988:
17983:
17978:
17973:
17968:
17966:
17961:
17959:
17954:
17949:
17944:
17939:
17934:
17929:
17924:
17919:
17913:
17911:
17905:
17904:
17902:
17901:
17896:
17891:
17886:
17881:
17879:
17874:
17869:
17864:
17859:
17857:
17852:
17847:
17845:Deir al-Dubban
17842:
17837:
17832:
17827:
17822:
17820:
17814:
17812:
17806:
17805:
17803:
17802:
17797:
17795:
17790:
17785:
17783:
17778:
17776:
17771:
17769:
17764:
17759:
17754:
17749:
17747:
17742:
17740:
17735:
17733:
17728:
17723:
17718:
17713:
17708:
17703:
17698:
17693:
17688:
17683:
17678:
17676:
17671:
17666:
17664:
17659:
17657:
17652:
17647:
17645:
17640:
17635:
17633:
17628:
17626:
17621:
17616:
17611:
17606:
17601:
17599:
17594:
17592:
17587:
17585:
17580:
17575:
17573:
17568:
17563:
17561:
17559:Barrat Qisarya
17556:
17554:
17549:
17544:
17539:
17534:
17529:
17527:
17522:
17520:
17518:Arab al-Fuqara
17515:
17510:
17504:
17502:
17496:
17495:
17493:
17492:
17487:
17485:Tall al-Turmus
17482:
17477:
17472:
17467:
17465:
17460:
17455:
17453:
17448:
17443:
17441:
17436:
17431:
17426:
17421:
17416:
17411:
17406:
17401:
17396:
17394:
17389:
17384:
17379:
17374:
17372:
17367:
17362:
17357:
17352:
17347:
17342:
17337:
17332:
17327:
17322:
17317:
17312:
17307:
17302:
17300:
17295:
17290:
17285:
17280:
17278:
17273:
17268:
17266:
17261:
17256:
17250:
17248:
17242:
17241:
17239:
17238:
17233:
17228:
17223:
17217:
17215:
17209:
17208:
17206:
17205:
17200:
17198:
17193:
17191:
17186:
17181:
17179:
17174:
17172:
17167:
17162:
17160:
17155:
17150:
17145:
17143:
17138:
17136:
17131:
17126:
17121:
17119:
17114:
17112:
17110:Kawkab al-Hawa
17107:
17102:
17100:
17095:
17090:
17088:
17083:
17081:
17079:al-Ghazzawiyya
17076:
17071:
17069:
17064:
17059:
17054:
17049:
17044:
17042:
17037:
17035:
17033:Arab al-Bawati
17030:
17028:
17026:Arab al-'Arida
17022:
17020:
17014:
17013:
16997:
16996:
16988:
16987:
16979:
16978:
16970:
16969:
16961:
16960:
16952:
16951:
16943:
16942:
16934:
16933:
16925:
16924:
16916:
16915:
16907:
16906:
16898:
16897:
16889:
16888:
16880:
16879:
16871:
16870:
16862:
16861:
16853:
16852:
16844:
16843:
16835:
16834:
16826:
16825:
16817:
16816:
16808:
16807:
16799:
16798:
16790:
16789:
16781:
16780:
16772:
16771:
16763:
16762:
16754:
16753:
16745:
16744:
16736:
16735:
16727:
16726:
16718:
16717:
16709:
16708:
16700:
16699:
16691:
16690:
16682:
16681:
16673:
16672:
16664:
16663:
16655:
16654:
16646:
16645:
16637:
16636:
16628:
16627:
16619:
16618:
16610:
16609:
16601:
16600:
16592:
16591:
16583:
16582:
16574:
16573:
16565:
16564:
16556:
16555:
16547:
16546:
16538:
16537:
16529:
16528:
16520:
16519:
16511:
16510:
16502:
16501:
16493:
16492:
16484:
16483:
16475:
16474:
16466:
16465:
16457:
16456:
16448:
16447:
16439:
16438:
16430:
16429:
16421:
16420:
16412:
16411:
16403:
16402:
16394:
16393:
16385:
16384:
16376:
16375:
16367:
16366:
16358:
16357:
16349:
16348:
16340:
16339:
16331:
16330:
16322:
16321:
16313:
16312:
16304:
16303:
16295:
16294:
16286:
16285:
16277:
16276:
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12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
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12876:
12870:
12869:
12858:
12857:
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12843:
12835:
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12793:
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12765:
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12761:
12755:
12754:
12751:
12745:
12744:
12741:
12735:
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12731:
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12721:
12715:
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12705:
12704:
12701:
12694:
12693:
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12684:
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12680:
12674:
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12670:
12663:
12662:
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12591:
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12551:
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12528:
12522:
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12518:
12512:
12511:
12508:
12502:
12501:
12498:
12492:
12491:
12488:
12480:
12478:
12474:
12473:
12470:
12464:
12463:
12460:
12454:
12453:
12450:
12444:
12443:
12437:
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12434:
12431:
12430:
12427:
12421:
12420:
12417:
12411:
12410:
12407:
12401:
12400:
12397:
12391:
12390:
12387:
12381:
12380:
12377:
12371:
12370:
12367:
12361:
12360:
12357:
12351:
12350:
12347:
12339:
12337:
12333:
12332:
12326:
12325:
12319:
12318:
12315:
12309:
12308:
12305:
12299:
12298:
12295:
12289:
12288:
12285:
12279:
12278:
12275:
12268:
12267:
12264:
12263:(Beit Jibrin)
12257:
12256:
12253:
12247:
12246:
12243:
12237:
12236:
12233:
12227:
12226:
12223:
12217:
12216:
12213:
12207:
12206:
12203:
12197:
12196:
12193:
12187:
12186:
12183:
12177:
12176:
12173:
12167:
12166:
12163:
12157:
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12143:
12137:
12136:
12133:
12125:
12123:
12119:
12118:
12115:
12109:
12108:
12105:
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12098:
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12089:
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12085:
12079:
12078:
12075:
12069:
12068:
12065:
12059:
12058:
12055:
12049:
12048:
12045:
12039:
12038:
12035:
12026:
12023:
12022:
12005:
11988:
11971:
11954:
11934:
11931:
11930:
11922:
11921:
11914:
11907:
11899:
11890:
11889:
11884:
11881:
11880:
11878:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11856:
11854:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11846:
11840:
11838:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11830:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11772:
11770:
11766:
11765:
11763:
11762:
11757:
11752:
11746:
11744:
11740:
11739:
11737:
11736:
11734:Resolution 194
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11690:
11689:
11679:
11678:
11677:
11672:
11661:
11659:
11655:
11654:
11652:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11634:New Historians
11631:
11626:
11621:
11615:
11613:
11609:
11608:
11601:
11600:
11593:
11586:
11578:
11572:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11549:
11537:
11532:
11527:
11520:
11519:External links
11517:
11515:
11514:
11496:
11488:. Henry Holt.
11482:
11471:
11453:
11446:
11429:(1): 151–169.
11408:
11401:
11390:
11369:
11351:
11333:
11315:
11297:
11290:
11273:
11255:
11248:
11230:
11215:
11190:
11152:(5): 752–776.
11128:
11107:
11086:
11064:
11050:
11033:
11016:
10970:(4): 267–320.
10950:
10943:
10926:
10919:
10906:
10889:
10858:
10839:
10808:
10793:
10779:
10765:
10748:
10734:
10728:
10712:
10689:
10642:
10624:
10605:
10547:
10526:
10471:
10457:
10443:
10429:
10415:
10397:
10372:
10362:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10323:
10322:
10299:
10274:
10241:
10210:
10180:
10150:
10120:
10097:
10062:
10031:
10009:
9978:
9959:
9950:
9937:
9916:
9899:
9886:
9865:
9829:
9818:on 5 June 2011
9799:
9784:. 4 May 2011.
9773:
9771:, 26 May 2009.
9749:
9730:
9718:
9698:
9679:(2): 214–249.
9662:
9631:
9592:
9566:
9536:
9528:Mendes, Philip
9520:
9503:
9479:
9455:
9419:
9396:
9366:
9340:
9320:
9318:Peretz, (1958)
9311:
9299:
9280:
9262:
9253:
9220:
9207:
9198:
9179:
9160:
9130:
9108:
9085:
9052:
9043:
9034:
9022:
9010:
9008:2 October 2020
8987:
8976:(2): 245–247.
8953:
8942:on 2 July 2015
8923:
8914:
8895:
8884:on 27 May 2007
8868:
8849:
8819:
8794:
8784:
8775:
8756:
8725:
8712:
8696:
8678:
8665:
8646:
8633:
8620:
8614:Morris, 2004;
8607:
8598:
8589:
8580:
8571:
8558:
8545:
8532:
8516:
8504:
8491:
8472:
8446:
8433:
8421:Abu Sitta 2003
8389:Cast Thy Bread
8377:
8361:
8313:
8258:
8210:
8190:
8179:
8159:
8133:
8121:
8112:
8103:
8094:
8092:Gelber, p. 75.
8085:
8076:
8063:(OpenDocument)
8046:
8030:
8010:
7990:
7961:
7952:
7919:
7888:
7878:
7868:
7861:
7767:
7742:
7723:
7699:
7680:
7660:
7637:
7603:
7591:
7578:
7568:
7547:
7534:
7512:
7485:
7469:
7462:
7440:
7429:(1): 165–171.
7411:
7381:
7337:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7207:
7200:
7146:
7109:
7095:. p. 49.
7073:
7046:
7023:
7001:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6834:
6818:
6802:
6786:
6776:
6773:
6756:
6753:
6703:H.R. 6242
6699:S.Res. 85
6643:New Historians
6625:
6622:
6590:New Historians
6584:
6581:
6577:Perry Anderson
6567:form of denial
6499:Together with
6457:
6454:
6426:Main article:
6423:
6422:Historiography
6420:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6410:
6406:
6398:
6395:
6370:
6367:
6358:
6355:
6334:Following its
6328:Main article:
6325:
6322:
6279:Main article:
6276:
6273:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6210:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6188:
6176:
6173:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6140:(Negev, etc.)
6134:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6122:(Negev, etc.)
6116:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5864:Main article:
5861:
5858:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5776:Main article:
5773:
5770:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5695:Operation Uvda
5667:Operation Yoav
5654:
5651:
5595:Operation Dani
5564:
5561:
5434:
5433:Further events
5431:
5359:
5356:
5325:Menachim Begin
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5102:East Jerusalem
5099:
5094:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4941:
4940:
4932:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4859:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4836:
4833:
4767:Nimr al Khatib
4700:, Lebanon and
4647:
4644:
4621:United Nations
4615:
4612:
4470:
4469:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4445:
4437:
4436:
4428:
4427:
4419:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4392:
4391:
4383:
4382:
4374:
4373:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4211:
4203:
4202:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4122:
4121:
4113:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4005:
4004:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3968:
3960:
3959:
3951:
3950:
3942:
3941:
3933:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3915:
3914:
3906:
3905:
3897:
3896:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3843:
3842:
3834:
3833:
3825:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3807:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3726:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3698:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3680:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3555:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3482:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3464:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3411:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3204:
3203:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
999:
998:
990:
989:
981:
980:
972:
971:
963:
962:
954:
953:
945:
944:
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
881:
873:
872:
864:
863:
855:
854:
846:
845:
837:
836:
828:
827:
819:
818:
810:
809:
801:
800:
792:
791:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
756:
755:
747:
746:
738:
737:
729:
728:
720:
719:
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
683:
675:
674:
666:
665:
657:
656:
648:
647:
639:
638:
630:
629:
621:
620:
612:
611:
603:
602:
594:
593:
585:
584:
576:
575:
567:
566:
558:
557:
549:
548:
540:
539:
531:
530:
522:
521:
513:
512:
504:
503:
495:
494:
486:
485:
479:
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
472:
469:
468:
466:
465:
458:
451:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
424:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
398:
392:
388:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
347:
343:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
286:Rashid Khalidi
283:
278:
273:
267:
263:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
252:
251:
241:
239:New Historians
236:
230:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
211:
206:
205:
204:
194:
189:
188:
187:
177:
176:
175:
164:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
147:
146:
141:
136:
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
98:
97:
96:
87:
86:
81:
76:
70:
69:
68:
62:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
23339:
23328:
23325:
23323:
23320:
23318:
23315:
23313:
23310:
23308:
23305:
23303:
23300:
23298:
23295:
23294:
23292:
23279:
23274:
23267:
23260:
23257:
23255:
23252:
23249:
23246:
23243:
23240:
23237:
23234:
23231:
23228:
23225:
23222:
23219:
23216:
23213:
23210:
23207:
23204:
23201:
23198:
23195:
23192:
23189:
23186:
23183:
23180:
23177:
23174:
23171:
23168:
23165:
23162:
23159:
23156:
23153:
23150:
23145:
23142:
23139:
23136:
23133:
23130:
23129:
23127:
23126:Yugoslav Wars
23124:
23121:
23118:
23113:
23112:Big Excursion
23110:
23109:
23107:
23104:
23101:
23098:
23095:
23092:
23089:
23086:
23083:
23080:
23077:
23074:
23069:
23066:
23063:
23060:
23059:
23057:
23054:
23049:
23046:
23043:
23040:
23037:
23034:
23033:
23031:
23028:
23025:
23022:
23019:
23016:
23013:
23010:
23007:
23004:
23001:
22998:
22995:
22992:
22989:
22986:
22983:
22980:
22977:
22974:
22971:
22968:
22965:
22962:
22959:
22956:
22953:
22950:
22947:
22944:
22941:
22938:
22935:
22932:
22929:
22926:
22923:
22922:The Holocaust
22920:
22917:
22914:
22911:
22908:
22905:
22902:
22898:
22895:
22893:
22890:
22888:
22885:
22883:
22880:
22878:
22875:
22873:
22870:
22869:
22867:
22864:
22861:
22858:
22855:
22852:
22849:
22846:
22842:
22839:
22838:
22836:
22833:
22830:
22827:
22824:
22821:
22818:
22817:Dungan Revolt
22815:
22812:
22809:
22806:
22803:
22800:
22797:
22794:
22791:
22788:
22785:
22782:
22779:
22776:
22773:
22770:
22767:
22764:
22761:
22758:
22755:
22752:
22749:
22746:
22743:
22740:
22737:
22734:
22731:
22728:
22725:
22722:
22719:
22716:
22713:
22710:
22707:
22704:
22701:
22698:
22695:
22692:
22689:
22686:
22683:
22680:
22677:
22674:
22671:
22668:
22665:
22664:
22662:
22658:
22652:
22649:
22647:
22644:
22642:
22639:
22637:
22634:
22632:
22631:State atheism
22629:
22627:
22624:
22622:
22619:
22617:
22614:
22612:
22609:
22607:
22604:
22602:
22599:
22597:
22594:
22592:
22589:
22587:
22584:
22582:
22579:
22577:
22574:
22572:
22569:
22567:
22564:
22562:
22559:
22557:
22554:
22552:
22549:
22547:
22544:
22542:
22539:
22537:
22534:
22532:
22529:
22527:
22526:Deprogramming
22524:
22522:
22519:
22517:
22514:
22512:
22509:
22508:
22506:
22502:
22494:
22491:
22489:
22486:
22484:
22481:
22479:
22478:Protestantism
22476:
22474:
22471:
22467:
22464:
22463:
22462:
22459:
22453:
22450:
22448:
22445:
22443:
22440:
22438:
22435:
22433:
22430:
22429:
22428:
22425:
22424:
22423:
22420:
22416:
22413:
22411:
22408:
22407:
22406:
22403:
22401:
22398:
22394:
22391:
22389:
22388:LDS or Mormon
22386:
22384:
22381:
22379:
22376:
22374:
22371:
22370:
22369:
22366:
22364:
22361:
22359:
22356:
22354:
22351:
22349:
22346:
22345:
22341:
22337:
22333:
22329:
22322:
22317:
22315:
22310:
22308:
22303:
22302:
22299:
22287:
22284:
22282:
22279:
22277:
22274:
22273:
22270:
22264:
22261:
22259:
22256:
22254:
22251:
22249:
22248:War on terror
22246:
22244:
22241:
22239:
22236:
22234:
22231:
22229:
22226:
22225:
22223:
22219:
22213:
22210:
22208:
22205:
22203:
22200:
22198:
22195:
22193:
22190:
22188:
22185:
22183:
22180:
22178:
22175:
22173:
22170:
22168:
22165:
22163:
22160:
22158:
22155:
22153:
22150:
22149:
22147:
22143:Espionage and
22141:
22135:
22132:
22130:
22127:
22125:
22122:
22120:
22117:
22115:
22112:
22110:
22107:
22105:
22102:
22100:
22097:
22095:
22094:Andrew Thorpe
22092:
22090:
22087:
22085:
22082:
22080:
22077:
22075:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22065:
22062:
22060:
22057:
22055:
22052:
22050:
22047:
22045:
22042:
22040:
22037:
22035:
22032:
22030:
22027:
22025:
22022:
22020:
22017:
22015:
22012:
22010:
22007:
22005:
22002:
22000:
21997:
21995:
21992:
21990:
21989:Gabriel Kolko
21987:
21985:
21982:
21980:
21977:
21975:
21972:
21970:
21967:
21965:
21962:
21960:
21957:
21955:
21954:Fred Halliday
21952:
21950:
21947:
21945:
21942:
21940:
21939:Lloyd Gardner
21937:
21935:
21932:
21930:
21927:
21925:
21922:
21920:
21917:
21915:
21912:
21910:
21907:
21905:
21902:
21900:
21899:Norman Davies
21897:
21895:
21892:
21890:
21887:
21885:
21884:John Costello
21882:
21880:
21877:
21875:
21872:
21870:
21867:
21865:
21862:
21860:
21857:
21855:
21852:
21851:
21849:
21845:
21839:
21836:
21834:
21831:
21829:
21826:
21825:
21823:
21819:Technological
21817:
21807:
21804:
21802:
21799:
21798:
21795:
21792:
21790:
21789:
21785:
21783:
21780:
21778:
21777:
21773:
21772:
21770:
21766:
21760:
21759:
21755:
21753:
21750:
21748:
21747:
21743:
21741:
21740:
21736:
21734:
21731:
21729:
21728:
21724:
21722:
21721:
21717:
21715:
21714:
21710:
21708:
21705:
21704:
21702:
21700:Pro-communist
21698:
21695:
21691:
21685:
21682:
21680:
21677:
21675:
21672:
21670:
21667:
21665:
21662:
21660:
21657:
21655:
21652:
21650:
21647:
21645:
21642:
21640:
21637:
21635:
21632:
21631:
21629:
21627:Organizations
21625:
21615:
21612:
21610:
21607:
21605:
21602:
21600:
21597:
21595:
21592:
21590:
21587:
21585:
21582:
21580:
21577:
21575:
21572:
21570:
21567:
21565:
21562:
21560:
21557:
21555:
21552:
21550:
21547:
21545:
21542:
21540:
21537:
21535:
21532:
21530:
21527:
21525:
21522:
21520:
21517:
21515:
21512:
21510:
21507:
21505:
21502:
21500:
21497:
21496:
21494:
21490:
21484:
21481:
21479:
21476:
21474:
21471:
21469:
21466:
21464:
21461:
21459:
21458:
21454:
21452:
21449:
21447:
21444:
21442:
21441:Eurocommunism
21439:
21437:
21434:
21432:
21429:
21427:
21424:
21423:
21421:
21419:
21415:
21409:
21406:
21404:
21401:
21399:
21396:
21394:
21391:
21389:
21386:
21384:
21381:
21379:
21376:
21372:
21369:
21368:
21367:
21364:
21362:
21359:
21357:
21354:
21353:
21351:
21349:
21345:
21342:
21338:
21332:
21329:
21327:
21324:
21322:
21319:
21317:
21314:
21312:
21309:
21307:
21304:
21302:
21299:
21297:
21294:
21292:
21289:
21287:
21284:
21282:
21279:
21277:
21274:
21272:
21271:Domino theory
21269:
21267:
21264:
21262:
21259:
21257:
21254:
21253:
21251:
21247:
21241:
21238:
21236:
21233:
21231:
21228:
21226:
21225:South Ossetia
21223:
21221:
21218:
21216:
21213:
21211:
21208:
21206:
21203:
21202:
21200:
21198:
21194:
21188:
21185:
21181:
21178:
21177:
21176:
21173:
21171:
21168:
21166:
21163:
21161:
21158:
21156:
21153:
21151:
21148:
21146:
21143:
21141:
21138:
21136:
21133:
21132:
21130:
21126:
21120:
21117:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21107:
21105:
21102:
21100:
21097:
21095:
21092:
21090:
21087:
21085:
21082:
21080:
21077:
21075:
21072:
21070:
21067:
21065:
21062:
21060:
21057:
21055:
21052:
21050:
21047:
21045:
21042:
21040:
21037:
21035:
21032:
21030:
21027:
21025:
21022:
21019:
21015:
21012:
21010:
21009:8888 Uprising
21007:
21005:
21002:
21000:
20997:
20995:
20992:
20990:
20987:
20985:
20982:
20980:
20977:
20975:
20972:
20970:
20967:
20965:
20962:
20960:
20957:
20955:
20954:Iran–Iraq War
20952:
20950:
20947:
20945:
20942:
20940:
20937:
20935:
20932:
20930:
20927:
20925:
20922:
20920:
20919:Falklands War
20917:
20915:
20912:
20910:
20907:
20905:
20902:
20900:
20897:
20895:
20892:
20890:
20887:
20883:
20880:
20879:
20878:
20875:
20873:
20870:
20868:
20865:
20863:
20859:
20856:
20854:
20851:
20849:
20846:
20845:
20843:
20839:
20833:
20830:
20828:
20825:
20823:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20813:
20810:
20808:
20805:
20803:
20800:
20798:
20795:
20793:
20790:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20782:NDF Rebellion
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20762:German Autumn
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20742:
20737:
20735:
20732:
20730:
20727:
20725:
20722:
20720:
20717:
20715:
20712:
20710:
20707:
20705:
20702:
20700:
20697:
20695:
20692:
20690:
20687:
20685:
20682:
20680:
20677:
20675:
20672:
20670:
20667:
20665:
20662:
20660:
20657:
20655:
20652:
20650:
20649:Metapolitefsi
20647:
20645:
20642:
20640:
20637:
20635:
20632:
20630:
20627:
20625:
20622:
20620:
20617:
20615:
20612:
20610:
20607:
20605:
20602:
20600:
20597:
20595:
20592:
20590:
20587:
20585:
20582:
20580:
20577:
20575:
20572:
20570:
20567:
20565:
20562:
20560:
20557:
20555:
20552:
20550:
20547:
20545:
20544:
20540:
20538:
20535:
20533:
20530:
20528:
20525:
20523:
20520:
20518:
20515:
20513:
20510:
20508:
20505:
20503:
20500:
20498:
20495:
20493:
20490:
20489:
20487:
20483:
20477:
20474:
20472:
20469:
20467:
20464:
20462:
20459:
20457:
20454:
20450:
20447:
20446:
20445:
20442:
20440:
20437:
20435:
20432:
20430:
20427:
20425:
20422:
20420:
20418:
20413:
20411:
20410:Prague Spring
20408:
20404:
20401:
20400:
20399:
20396:
20394:
20391:
20389:
20388:Al-Wadiah War
20386:
20384:
20381:
20379:
20376:
20374:
20371:
20369:
20366:
20364:
20361:
20359:
20356:
20354:
20353:12-3 incident
20351:
20349:
20346:
20344:
20341:
20339:
20336:
20334:
20331:
20329:
20326:
20324:
20321:
20319:
20316:
20314:
20311:
20309:
20306:
20304:
20301:
20299:
20296:
20294:
20291:
20289:
20286:
20282:
20279:
20278:
20277:
20274:
20272:
20269:
20267:
20264:
20262:
20259:
20257:
20254:
20252:
20249:
20247:
20244:
20242:
20239:
20237:
20234:
20232:
20229:
20227:
20224:
20222:
20219:
20217:
20214:
20210:
20207:
20205:
20202:
20200:
20197:
20196:
20195:
20192:
20190:
20187:
20185:
20182:
20180:
20177:
20175:
20172:
20170:
20167:
20165:
20162:
20158:
20155:
20154:
20153:
20150:
20146:
20143:
20142:
20141:
20138:
20136:
20133:
20131:
20128:
20126:
20123:
20121:
20118:
20116:
20113:
20112:
20110:
20106:
20100:
20097:
20093:
20090:
20089:
20088:
20085:
20083:
20080:
20078:
20075:
20073:
20070:
20068:
20065:
20063:
20060:
20058:
20055:
20053:
20050:
20048:
20045:
20043:
20040:
20038:
20035:
20033:
20032:
20027:
20024:
20020:
20018:
20015:
20013:
20010:
20008:
20005:
20003:
20000:
19997:
19993:
19991:
19988:
19986:
19983:
19981:
19978:
19976:
19973:
19971:
19968:
19966:
19963:
19961:
19958:
19956:
19953:
19951:
19950:
19945:
19943:
19940:
19938:
19935:
19933:
19932:Domino theory
19930:
19928:
19927:Petrov Affair
19925:
19923:
19920:
19918:
19915:
19913:
19910:
19908:
19905:
19903:
19900:
19898:
19895:
19893:
19890:
19888:
19885:
19883:
19880:
19878:
19875:
19873:
19870:
19868:
19865:
19864:
19862:
19858:
19852:
19849:
19847:
19844:
19842:
19839:
19835:
19832:
19831:
19830:
19827:
19825:
19822:
19820:
19817:
19815:
19812:
19810:
19807:
19805:
19804:Madiun Affair
19802:
19800:
19797:
19795:
19792:
19790:
19787:
19785:
19782:
19780:
19777:
19775:
19772:
19770:
19767:
19765:
19764:Marshall Plan
19762:
19758:
19755:
19753:
19750:
19748:
19745:
19744:
19743:
19740:
19738:
19735:
19733:
19730:
19728:
19725:
19723:
19720:
19718:
19715:
19713:
19710:
19708:
19705:
19703:
19700:
19698:
19695:
19693:
19690:
19688:
19685:
19683:
19680:
19678:
19675:
19673:
19672:
19667:
19665:
19664:
19659:
19657:
19656:
19651:
19649:
19646:
19644:
19641:
19639:
19636:
19634:
19633:
19628:
19626:
19623:
19619:
19616:
19614:
19613:
19608:
19606:
19605:
19600:
19599:
19598:
19595:
19593:
19590:
19588:
19585:
19583:
19580:
19578:
19575:
19574:
19572:
19568:
19562:
19559:
19557:
19554:
19552:
19549:
19547:
19544:
19542:
19539:
19537:
19534:
19532:
19529:
19527:
19524:
19522:
19521:
19517:
19515:
19514:
19513:United States
19510:
19509:
19506:
19502:
19495:
19490:
19488:
19483:
19481:
19476:
19475:
19472:
19460:
19457:
19455:
19452:
19450:
19448:
19445:
19443:
19441:
19438:
19436:
19434:
19431:
19429:
19426:
19424:
19421:
19419:
19417:
19414:
19412:
19409:
19407:
19404:
19402:
19400:
19397:
19395:
19393:
19390:
19388:
19385:
19383:
19380:
19378:
19376:
19373:
19371:
19368:
19366:
19364:
19361:
19359:
19358:
19356:
19354:
19350:
19344:
19341:
19339:
19336:
19334:
19331:
19329:
19328:al-'Ubaydiyya
19326:
19324:
19322:
19319:
19317:
19314:
19312:
19309:
19307:
19305:
19302:
19300:
19298:
19295:
19293:
19290:
19288:
19286:
19283:
19281:
19278:
19276:
19273:
19271:
19268:
19266:
19263:
19261:
19259:
19256:
19254:
19251:
19249:
19247:
19244:
19242:
19239:
19237:
19234:
19232:
19229:
19227:
19224:
19222:
19219:
19217:
19215:
19214:al-Dalhamiyya
19212:
19210:
19208:
19205:
19204:
19202:
19200:
19196:
19190:
19187:
19185:
19183:
19180:
19178:
19176:
19173:
19171:
19169:
19166:
19164:
19161:
19159:
19156:
19154:
19152:
19149:
19147:
19146:al-'Urayfiyya
19144:
19142:
19140:
19139:al-'Ulmaniyya
19137:
19135:
19133:
19130:
19128:
19125:
19123:
19121:
19118:
19116:
19114:
19111:
19109:
19107:
19104:
19102:
19101:al-Sanbariyya
19099:
19097:
19094:
19092:
19090:
19087:
19085:
19082:
19080:
19077:
19075:
19072:
19070:
19068:
19065:
19063:
19062:al-Qudayriyya
19060:
19058:
19056:
19053:
19051:
19049:
19046:
19044:
19041:
19039:
19036:
19034:
19032:
19029:
19027:
19024:
19022:
19019:
19017:
19015:
19012:
19010:
19008:
19007:al-Muftakhira
19005:
19003:
19001:
18998:
18996:
18993:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18984:
18981:
18979:
18976:
18974:
18972:
18969:
18967:
18964:
18962:
18959:
18957:
18954:
18952:
18949:
18947:
18945:
18942:
18940:
18938:
18935:
18933:
18930:
18928:
18925:
18923:
18921:
18918:
18916:
18914:
18911:
18909:
18906:
18904:
18901:
18899:
18896:
18894:
18891:
18889:
18888:al-Husayniyya
18886:
18884:
18881:
18879:
18876:
18874:
18871:
18869:
18867:
18864:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18850:
18849:al-Farradiyya
18847:
18845:
18842:
18840:
18838:
18835:
18833:
18830:
18828:
18826:
18823:
18821:
18818:
18816:
18814:
18811:
18809:
18808:al-Buwayziyya
18806:
18804:
18801:
18799:
18796:
18794:
18791:
18789:
18787:
18786:Ayn al-Zaytun
18784:
18782:
18779:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18767:
18764:
18762:
18759:
18757:
18754:
18752:
18750:
18747:
18746:
18744:
18742:
18738:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18720:
18717:
18715:
18712:
18710:
18708:
18705:
18703:
18701:
18698:
18696:
18693:
18691:
18689:
18686:
18684:
18682:
18679:
18677:
18674:
18672:
18670:
18667:
18665:
18662:
18660:
18657:
18655:
18652:
18650:
18647:
18645:
18642:
18640:
18637:
18635:
18633:
18630:
18628:
18626:
18623:
18621:
18618:
18616:
18615:al-Nabi Rubin
18613:
18611:
18608:
18606:
18604:
18601:
18599:
18596:
18594:
18592:
18589:
18587:
18585:
18582:
18580:
18577:
18575:
18573:
18570:
18568:
18565:
18563:
18560:
18558:
18556:
18553:
18551:
18548:
18546:
18544:
18541:
18539:
18536:
18534:
18531:
18529:
18526:
18524:
18522:
18519:
18517:
18514:
18512:
18511:al-Duhayriyya
18509:
18507:
18505:
18502:
18500:
18499:Dayr Muhaysin
18497:
18495:
18493:
18490:
18488:
18485:
18483:
18481:
18478:
18476:
18474:
18471:
18469:
18467:
18464:
18462:
18460:
18457:
18455:
18453:
18450:
18448:
18446:
18443:
18441:
18438:
18436:
18434:
18431:
18429:
18426:
18424:
18421:
18419:
18417:
18414:
18412:
18409:
18407:
18405:
18402:
18400:
18397:
18395:
18392:
18390:
18388:
18385:
18383:
18380:
18379:
18377:
18375:
18371:
18365:
18362:
18360:
18357:
18355:
18352:
18350:
18347:
18346:
18344:
18342:
18338:
18332:
18329:
18327:
18324:
18322:
18320:
18317:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18308:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18298:
18296:
18293:
18291:
18288:
18286:
18283:
18281:
18278:
18276:
18274:
18271:
18269:
18266:
18264:
18261:
18259:
18256:
18254:
18252:
18249:
18247:
18244:
18242:
18239:
18237:
18235:
18232:
18230:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18221:
18218:
18216:
18213:
18211:
18209:
18206:
18204:
18201:
18199:
18196:
18194:
18191:
18189:
18186:
18184:
18181:
18179:
18177:
18174:
18172:
18170:
18167:
18165:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18156:
18153:
18151:
18149:
18146:
18144:
18142:
18139:
18137:
18135:
18132:
18130:
18127:
18125:
18122:
18120:
18117:
18115:
18112:
18110:
18108:
18105:
18104:
18102:
18100:
18096:
18090:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18075:
18072:
18070:
18068:
18065:
18063:
18060:
18059:
18057:
18055:
18051:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18037:
18035:
18032:
18030:
18028:
18025:
18023:
18020:
18018:
18015:
18013:
18011:
18008:
18006:
18003:
18001:
17999:
17996:
17994:
17993:al-Mas'udiyya
17991:
17989:
17987:
17984:
17982:
17979:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17965:
17962:
17960:
17958:
17955:
17953:
17950:
17948:
17945:
17943:
17940:
17938:
17935:
17933:
17930:
17928:
17925:
17923:
17920:
17918:
17917:al-'Abbasiyya
17915:
17914:
17912:
17910:
17906:
17900:
17897:
17895:
17892:
17890:
17887:
17885:
17882:
17880:
17878:
17875:
17873:
17870:
17868:
17865:
17863:
17860:
17858:
17856:
17853:
17851:
17850:Dayr Nakhkhas
17848:
17846:
17843:
17841:
17838:
17836:
17833:
17831:
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17819:
17816:
17815:
17813:
17811:
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17798:
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17774:Umm ash Shauf
17772:
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17380:
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17375:
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17368:
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17365:Iraq Suwaydan
17363:
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17353:
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17237:
17236:Auja al-Hafir
17234:
17232:
17229:
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17224:
17222:
17219:
17218:
17216:
17214:
17210:
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17182:
17180:
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17159:
17158:Tall al-Shawk
17156:
17154:
17151:
17149:
17146:
17144:
17142:
17139:
17137:
17135:
17132:
17130:
17127:
17125:
17124:Masil al-Jizl
17122:
17120:
17118:
17115:
17113:
17111:
17108:
17106:
17103:
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17099:
17096:
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17072:
17070:
17068:
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17063:
17060:
17058:
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17050:
17048:
17047:al-Ashrafiyya
17045:
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17038:
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17034:
17031:
17029:
17027:
17024:
17023:
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13995:
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13599:
13590:
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13509:
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13374:
13365:
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13338:
13329:
13320:
13311:
13302:
13293:
13284:
13275:
13266:
13257:
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13239:
13230:
13221:
13212:
13203:
13194:
13185:
13176:
13167:
13158:
13149:
13140:
13131:
13122:
13113:
13104:
13095:
13086:
13077:
13068:
13059:
13050:
13041:
13032:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12982:al-Sumayriyya
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12962:al-Nabi Rubin
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12912:al-Ghabisiyya
12910:
12908:
12907:Dayr al-Qassi
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12879:
12877:
12875:
12871:
12867:
12863:
12856:
12851:
12849:
12844:
12842:
12837:
12836:
12833:
12808:
12804:
12798:
12794:
12791:
12786:
12772:
12770:
12766:
12762:
12760:
12756:
12752:
12750:
12746:
12742:
12740:
12736:
12732:
12730:
12726:
12722:
12720:
12716:
12712:
12710:
12706:
12702:
12699:
12695:
12691:
12689:
12685:
12681:
12679:
12675:
12671:
12668:
12664:
12660:
12658:
12654:
12650:
12648:
12644:
12640:
12632:
12630:
12626:
12622:
12620:
12619:Tel al-Zaatar
12616:
12613:
12609:
12606:
12603:
12599:
12597:
12593:
12589:
12587:
12583:
12579:
12577:
12573:
12569:
12567:
12563:
12559:
12557:
12553:
12549:
12547:
12543:
12539:
12537:
12533:
12529:
12527:
12523:
12519:
12517:
12516:Nahr al-Bared
12513:
12509:
12507:
12503:
12499:
12497:
12496:Ain al-Hilweh
12493:
12489:
12487:
12483:
12479:
12471:
12469:
12465:
12461:
12459:
12455:
12451:
12449:
12445:
12442:
12438:
12435:
12432:
12428:
12426:
12422:
12418:
12416:
12412:
12408:
12406:
12402:
12398:
12396:
12392:
12388:
12386:
12382:
12378:
12376:
12372:
12368:
12366:
12362:
12358:
12356:
12352:
12348:
12346:
12342:
12338:
12331:
12327:
12324:
12320:
12316:
12314:
12310:
12306:
12304:
12300:
12296:
12294:
12290:
12286:
12284:
12280:
12276:
12273:
12269:
12265:
12262:
12258:
12254:
12252:
12248:
12244:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12232:
12228:
12224:
12222:
12218:
12214:
12212:
12208:
12204:
12202:
12198:
12194:
12192:
12188:
12184:
12182:
12178:
12174:
12172:
12168:
12164:
12162:
12158:
12154:
12152:
12148:
12144:
12142:
12141:Ein as-Sultan
12138:
12134:
12132:
12128:
12124:
12116:
12114:
12110:
12106:
12104:
12100:
12096:
12094:
12090:
12086:
12084:
12080:
12076:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12064:
12060:
12056:
12054:
12053:Deir al-Balah
12050:
12046:
12044:
12040:
12036:
12033:
12029:
12025:
12024:
12017:
12006:
12000:
11989:
11983:
11972:
11966:
11955:
11949:
11938:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11920:
11915:
11913:
11908:
11906:
11901:
11900:
11897:
11887:
11882:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11851:
11845:
11842:
11841:
11839:
11835:
11829:
11828:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11791:Walid Khalidi
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11773:
11771:
11767:
11761:
11758:
11756:
11753:
11751:
11748:
11747:
11745:
11743:Key incidents
11741:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11688:
11685:
11684:
11683:
11680:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11667:
11666:
11663:
11662:
11660:
11658:Main articles
11656:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
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11617:
11616:
11614:
11610:
11606:
11599:
11594:
11592:
11587:
11585:
11580:
11579:
11576:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11556:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11544:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11522:
11513:
11509:
11505:
11501:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11487:
11483:
11480:
11476:
11472:
11470:
11466:
11462:
11458:
11454:
11451:
11447:
11432:
11428:
11424:
11417:
11413:
11409:
11406:
11402:
11399:
11395:
11391:
11389:
11385:
11381:
11377:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11364:
11360:
11356:
11352:
11350:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11334:
11332:
11328:
11324:
11320:
11316:
11314:
11310:
11306:
11302:
11298:
11295:
11291:
11289:
11285:
11282:
11279:Published by
11278:
11274:
11271:
11267:
11263:
11262:
11256:
11253:
11249:
11237:
11233:
11227:
11223:
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11175:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11146:
11141:
11137:
11133:
11132:Morris, Benny
11129:
11127:
11123:
11119:
11115:
11111:
11110:Morris, Benny
11108:
11106:
11102:
11098:
11094:
11090:
11089:Morris, Benny
11087:
11084:
11080:
11077:
11073:
11069:
11065:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11045:
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11017:
11005:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10989:
10985:
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10977:
10973:
10969:
10965:
10964:
10959:
10955:
10951:
10948:
10944:
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10938:
10934:
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10927:
10924:
10920:
10917:
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10911:
10907:
10905:
10901:
10897:
10893:
10890:
10886:
10882:
10878:
10874:
10870:
10866:
10865:
10859:
10856:
10852:
10848:
10844:
10840:
10836:
10832:
10828:
10824:
10821:(4): 96–118.
10820:
10816:
10815:
10809:
10806:
10802:
10798:
10794:
10792:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10778:
10774:
10770:
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10760:
10756:
10752:
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10717:
10713:
10709:
10705:
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10697:
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10690:
10678:
10674:
10670:
10666:
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10658:
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10648:
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10631:
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10617:
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10606:
10594:
10590:
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10582:
10578:
10574:
10570:
10566:
10562:
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10556:
10552:
10548:
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10542:
10539:
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10531:
10527:
10515:
10511:
10507:
10503:
10499:
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10491:
10487:
10483:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10470:
10466:
10462:
10458:
10456:
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10444:
10442:
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10101:
10085:
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10042:
10035:
10027:
10023:
10022:The Economist
10019:
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9913:
9909:
9903:
9896:
9890:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9869:
9853:
9849:
9848:
9843:
9839:
9833:
9817:
9813:
9809:
9803:
9787:
9783:
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7845:Morris, Benny
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7346:Morris, Benny
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7302:(1): 23–39 .
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6766:In response,
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6744:Shlomo Hillel
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6532:ongoing Nakba
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5687:Upper Galilee
5684:
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5587:Yitzhak Rabin
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5423:ghettoization
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5382:Walid Khalidi
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5180:Rachel's Tomb
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5165:Joseph's Tomb
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5019:Islamic Jihad
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4779:According to
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4596:Law of Return
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4551:, before the
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406:Gaza genocide
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396:Ongoing Nakba
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33:
30:
19:
23312:Palestinians
23128:(1991–2001)
23108:(1984–1989)
23068:Famen Temple
23058:(1966–1976)
22987:
22868:(1922–1991)
22837:(1913–1922)
22368:Christianity
22358:Baháʼí Faith
22253:Brinkmanship
22145:intelligence
22034:Marius Oprea
21984:Harvey Klehr
21914:Herbert Feis
21904:Willem Drees
21869:Archie Brown
21786:
21774:
21756:
21746:Trybuna Ludu
21744:
21737:
21733:Radio Moscow
21725:
21718:
21711:
21539:Anti-Zionism
21455:
21378:Keynesianism
21366:Conservatism
21230:Transnistria
21210:China-Taiwan
20867:Gera Demands
20740:
20541:
20416:
20221:El Porteñazo
20115:Congo Crisis
20030:
19965:Algerian War
19948:
19824:Western Bloc
19819:Eastern Bloc
19814:Iron Curtain
19756:
19670:
19662:
19654:
19631:
19611:
19603:
19520:Soviet Union
19518:
19511:
19447:Wadi Qabbani
19406:al-Manshiyya
19304:al-Samakiyya
19280:Nasir al-Din
19270:al-Manshiyya
19158:Yarda, Safad
19089:al-Salihiyya
18978:al-Manshiyya
18756:al-'Abisiyya
18749:Abil al-Qamh
18603:al-Muzayri'a
18598:al-Mukhayzin
18562:al-Kunayyisa
18176:Dayr al-Hawa
18134:Bayt Naqquba
18074:Ayn al-Mansi
18017:al-Safiriyya
17986:al-Khayriyya
17889:az-Zakariyya
17877:Tell es-Safi
17781:Umm az-Zinat
17757:al-Sindiyana
17716:al-Rihaniyya
17434:al-Muharraqa
17377:al-Jaladiyya
17148:al-Samiriyya
17117:al-Khunayzir
17086:al-Hamidiyya
17040:Arab al-Safa
13002:Umm al-Faraj
12947:al-Manshiyya
12811:. Retrieved
12806:
12797:
12789:
12612:Former camps
12611:
12440:
12355:Khan al-Shih
12274:(Camp No. 1)
12131:Aqabat Jaber
12034:(Beach camp)
11860:Palestinians
11825:
11816:Avraham Sela
11801:Benny Morris
11786:Efraim Karsh
11776:Aref al-Aref
11704:Nakba denial
11681:
11499:
11485:
11479:Random House
11477:. New York:
11474:
11456:
11449:
11438:. Retrieved
11426:
11422:
11404:
11393:
11375:
11354:
11336:
11318:
11300:
11293:
11276:
11259:
11251:
11240:. Retrieved
11220:
11207:. Retrieved
11198:
11182:. Retrieved
11149:
11143:
11113:
11092:
11067:
11056:
11039:
11022:
11019:Masalha, Nur
11008:. Retrieved
10967:
10961:
10946:
10932:
10922:
10913:
10909:
10895:
10892:Katz, Shmuel
10871:(3): 16–24.
10868:
10862:
10842:
10818:
10812:
10796:
10785:. Pantheon.
10782:
10768:
10754:
10737:
10719:
10702:(1): 55–72.
10699:
10693:
10681:. Retrieved
10656:
10650:
10634:. Retrieved
10610:
10597:. Retrieved
10567:(3): 27–53.
10564:
10558:
10551:Cohen, Avner
10529:
10518:. Retrieved
10485:
10479:
10460:
10446:
10432:
10418:
10407:. Retrieved
10384:
10368:
10354:. Retrieved
10343:
10318:researchers.
10314:
10312:
10302:
10293:
10284:
10277:
10265:. Retrieved
10254:
10244:
10232:. Retrieved
10223:
10213:
10203:22 September
10201:. Retrieved
10192:
10183:
10173:22 September
10171:. Retrieved
10162:
10153:
10143:22 September
10141:. Retrieved
10132:
10123:
10115:
10100:
10088:. Retrieved
10082:(3): 52–55.
10079:
10075:
10065:
10053:. Retrieved
10045:The Guardian
10044:
10034:
10021:
10012:
10000:. Retrieved
9991:
9988:"Pure Pappe"
9981:
9972:
9962:
9953:
9946:Peace Review
9945:
9940:
9933:Peace Review
9932:
9928:
9924:
9919:
9912:Peace Review
9911:
9907:
9902:
9894:
9889:
9882:Peace Review
9881:
9877:
9873:
9868:
9858:15 September
9856:. Retrieved
9850:(96): 5–37.
9845:
9832:
9820:. Retrieved
9816:the original
9811:
9802:
9790:. Retrieved
9776:
9768:
9752:
9733:
9712:
9676:
9672:
9665:
9653:. Retrieved
9644:
9634:
9622:. Retrieved
9615:the original
9608:
9595:
9583:. Retrieved
9569:
9557:. Retrieved
9548:
9539:
9523:
9515:
9511:
9506:
9498:
9482:
9474:
9458:
9432:. Retrieved
9422:
9415:The Guardian
9414:
9399:
9387:. Retrieved
9379:The Guardian
9378:
9369:
9357:. Retrieved
9353:the original
9349:"Jimena Faq"
9343:
9323:
9314:
9306:
9302:
9283:
9275:the original
9265:
9256:
9243:. Retrieved
9239:the original
9215:
9210:
9201:
9182:
9163:
9154:
9147:. Retrieved
9133:
9125:
9118:. Retrieved
9098:
9088:
9077:23 September
9075:. Retrieved
9068:the original
9055:
9046:
9037:
9029:
9025:
9017:
9013:
8990:
8973:
8969:
8944:. Retrieved
8940:the original
8926:
8917:
8903:UN Doc A/648
8898:
8886:. Retrieved
8882:the original
8871:
8852:
8827:Benny Morris
8822:
8797:
8787:
8778:
8759:
8741:
8728:
8721:Haolam Hazeh
8720:
8715:
8707:
8681:
8673:
8668:
8649:
8641:
8636:
8628:
8623:
8610:
8601:
8592:
8583:
8574:
8566:
8561:
8548:
8535:
8519:
8507:
8499:
8494:
8475:
8463:. Retrieved
8449:
8441:
8436:
8388:
8380:
8372:
8364:
8356:
8349:. Retrieved
8323:
8316:
8304:
8297:. Retrieved
8271:
8267:Benny Morris
8261:
8252:
8245:. Retrieved
8219:
8213:
8198:
8193:
8184:
8169:
8162:
8142:
8136:
8128:
8124:
8115:
8106:
8097:
8088:
8079:
8067:. Retrieved
8060:the original
8049:
8041:
8038:Benny Morris
8033:
8013:
7993:
7981:. Retrieved
7955:
7928:
7922:
7896:Benny Morris
7891:
7881:
7871:
7848:
7750:
7745:
7733:. Retrieved
7709:
7702:
7690:. Retrieved
7670:
7663:
7628:. Retrieved
7620:The Guardian
7619:
7594:
7586:
7581:
7571:
7555:
7550:
7537:
7529:
7522:. Retrieved
7498:
7488:
7480:
7477:Masalha, Nur
7472:
7453:
7443:
7426:
7420:
7414:
7362:(5): 1–25 .
7359:
7353:
7340:
7299:
7293:
7280:
7263:
7237:
7231:
7210:
7187:
7181:
7177:The Atlantic
7175:
7165:
7151:
7132:
7125:
7121:
7114:
7087:
7078:
7059:
7051:
7036:
7028:
7010:
7004:
6983:
6836:
6820:
6811:Hisham Zreiq
6804:
6788:
6780:
6768:Benny Morris
6765:
6758:
6737:
6731:
6711:
6680:
6673:
6662:
6651:Benny Morris
6648:
6639:
6635:
6627:
6610:
6602:Haolam Hazeh
6600:
6598:
6594:
6586:
6575:
6560:
6540:
6535:
6513:
6498:
6493:
6481:Aref al-Aref
6478:
6459:
6449:Efraim Karsh
6441:The Guardian
6435:
6431:
6417:
6400:
6397:Laws enacted
6391:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6363:
6360:
6352:
6333:
6307:
6303:infiltrators
6299:Sabri Jiryis
6284:
6269:
6265:
6258:
6250:
6189:Ethnic group
6163:
6159:
6155:
6147:>804,000
6139:
6129:>754,000
6121:
6111:>730,000
6103:
6093:>664,000
6085:
6075:>628,000
6067:
6057:>500,000
6049:
6039:>400,000
6031:
6021:>22,600*
5991:
5987:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5948:
5869:
5853:
5833:
5824:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5798:
5793:
5781:
5765:
5758:
5753:
5737:
5734:UN mediation
5720:
5716:Ralph Bunche
5712:Moshe Carmel
5708:
5704:Negev desert
5664:
5646:Yigael Yadin
5638:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5620:Chaim Laskov
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5591:
5572:
5553:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5517:
5505:Mount Carmel
5498:
5466:Mount Carmel
5463:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5416:
5411:
5406:Benny Morris
5403:
5399:
5395:
5379:
5374:Efraim Karsh
5367:
5348:
5333:
5294:
5287:
5218:
5120:Christianity
5034:Governorates
4996:
4937:
4872:Demographics
4856:Palestinians
4822:
4814:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4756:
4744:
4741:
4695:
4684:
4672:
4660:Simha Flapan
4656:Benny Morris
4649:
4633:
4623:adopted the
4617:
4588:
4565:
4537:
4505:its military
4482:
4471:
321:Avraham Sela
301:Benny Morris
281:Efraim Karsh
271:Aref al-Aref
244:Nakba denial
159:
91:
65:
29:
23214:(2014–2017)
23202:(2014–2017)
23196:(2013–2016)
23134:(1992–1996)
23096:(1975–1979)
23090:(1975–1990)
22996:(1948–1980)
22942:(1945–1989)
22936:(1945–1989)
22930:(1941–1945)
22924:(1939–1945)
22912:(1936–1975)
22897:legislation
22862:(1917–1990)
22856:(1915–1923)
22850:(1914–1924)
22831:(1912–1913)
22819:(1862–1877)
22801:(1857–1858)
22795:(1789–1801)
22783:(1683–1922)
22777:(1673–1829)
22771:(1609–1614)
22765:(1562–1598)
22759:(1561–1812)
22753:(1526–1791)
22747:(1522–1712)
22741:(1500–1526)
22717:(1184–1908)
22715:Inquisition
22626:Segregation
22591:Intolerance
22531:Desecration
22473:Neopaganism
22466:Persecution
22427:Persecution
22410:Persecution
22373:Catholicism
22353:Exclusivism
22079:Shen Zhihua
21889:Michael Cox
21821:competition
21768:Pro-Western
21758:Soviet Life
21684:Safari Club
21654:Warsaw Pact
21509:Nationalism
21499:Imperialism
21398:Reaganomics
21261:Containment
21054:Perestroika
20543:Realpolitik
20373:Six-Day War
20358:Greek junta
20169:Berlin Wall
20017:Suez Crisis
19985:Vietnam War
19872:McCarthyism
19687:Baruch Plan
19632:Unthinkable
19592:Dekemvriana
19531:Warsaw Pact
19454:al-Zabadida
19151:al-Wayziyya
18966:Al-Malkiyya
18908:Kafr Bir'im
18859:Ghabbatiyya
18714:Wadi Hunayn
18584:Majdal Yaba
18440:Bayt Shanna
18433:Bayt Nabala
18411:al-Barriyya
18382:Abu al-Fadl
18349:al-Mujaydil
18300:Sheikh Badr
18193:Deir Yassin
18129:Bayt Mahsir
18034:al-Sawalima
18005:al-Muwaylih
17937:Biyar 'Adas
17840:al-Dawayima
17835:Bayt Nattif
17830:Bayt Jibrin
17726:al-Sarafand
17691:Naghnaghiya
17578:al-Butaymat
17315:Dayr Sunayd
17254:Arab Suqrir
17129:al-Murassas
12866:subdistrict
12415:Khan Danoun
12201:Deir 'Ammar
11796:Nur Masalha
11781:Yoav Gelber
11281:I.B. Tauris
11061:Pluto Press
11053:Nur Masalha
11036:Nur Masalha
10659:(1): 1–32.
10234:19 February
9822:7 September
9782:"חוק הנכבה"
9245:13 November
9094:Susan Akram
8734:Edward Said
8409:Sayigh 2009
8405:Martin 2010
8401:Docker 2012
8393:Nashef 2018
8337:Netherlands
8285:Netherlands
8233:Netherlands
7950:pp.256-258.
7630:10 December
7560:Azzam Pasha
6822:The Promise
6562:Ghada Karmi
6501:Naji al-Ali
6490:Six-Day War
6348:British law
6220:, Lebanon,
5850:in Europe:
5642:Arab Legion
5634:Yosef Weitz
5548:Arab League
5419:Wadi Nisnas
5228:Handicrafts
5175:Nabi Samwil
4881:Definitions
4752:retaliation
4733:Bayt Jibrin
4686:Yoav Gelber
4557:Arab League
311:Edward Said
296:Nur Masalha
276:Yoav Gelber
23291:Categories
22711:(643–1526)
22586:Iconoclasm
22581:Hate crime
22511:Censorship
22400:Falun Gong
21847:Historians
21838:Space Race
21739:Rudé právo
21693:Propaganda
21549:Neo-Nazism
21519:Chauvinism
21473:Trotskyism
21388:Monetarism
21356:Liberalism
21348:Capitalism
21340:Ideologies
21291:Ostpolitik
21014:Solidarity
20979:Toyota War
20882:Solidarity
20739:Operation
20694:Ogaden War
20383:Dhofar War
20271:Shifta War
20029:Operation
19877:Korean War
19669:Operation
19661:Operation
19653:Operation
19630:Operation
19610:Operation
19602:Operation
19433:Umm Khalid
19423:Raml Zayta
19333:Wadi Hamam
19321:al-Tabigha
19316:al-Shajara
19275:al-Mansura
19096:al-Sammu'i
18983:al-Mansura
18913:al-Khalisa
18903:Jubb Yusuf
18837:al-Dirdara
18820:al-Dawwara
18803:al-Butayha
18707:Umm Kalkha
18639:al-Qubayba
18591:al-Mansura
18516:al-Haditha
18504:Dayr Tarif
18492:Dayr Ayyub
18473:al-Buwayra
18445:Bayt Susin
18387:Abu Shusha
18364:Saffuriyya
18183:Dayr Rafat
18124:Bayt 'Itab
17932:Bayt Dajan
17867:al-Qubayba
17762:al-Tantura
17745:al-Sawamir
17681:al-Mansura
17650:al-Kasayir
17638:al-Kafrayn
17542:Ayn Ghazal
17513:Abu Zurayq
17508:Abu Shusha
17293:Bayt Jirja
17288:Bayt Daras
17283:Bayt 'Affa
17231:al-Khalasa
17226:al-Jammama
17184:Umm Sabuna
17141:al-Sakhina
12952:al-Mansura
12937:Kafr 'Inan
12790:References
12448:Ein Al-Tal
12425:Qabr Essit
12073:Khan Yunis
11948:Gaza Strip
11821:Avi Shlaim
11806:Ilan Pappé
11644:Plan Dalet
11612:Background
11459:. London:
11452:(New York)
11440:8 February
11303:. London:
11209:8 February
11184:8 February
11059:. London,
11010:8 February
10683:8 February
10599:8 February
10520:8 February
10409:8 February
10356:30 January
9610:Commentary
9149:30 October
9120:29 October
8792:expulsion.
8524:Ilan Pappé
8429:Cohen 2001
8417:Pappe 2006
8397:Carus 2017
8351:4 December
8299:4 December
8247:4 December
8155:Ilan Pappé
7983:29 October
7973:"Overview"
6970:References
6676:Shai Piron
6659:Avi Shlaim
6460:The term "
6216:, Jordan,
6214:Gaza Strip
5931:Abu Sitta
5880:Reference
5723:Ilan Pappé
5494:Plan Dalet
5238:Literature
5170:Lot's Tomb
5097:Gaza Strip
4963:Government
4809:Plan Dalet
4805:plan Dalet
4788:Ben-Gurion
4781:Ilan Pappé
326:Avi Shlaim
306:Ilan Pappé
107:Plan Dalet
66:Background
23062:Four Olds
22775:Test Acts
22641:Terrorism
22483:Rastafari
22432:Ahmadiyya
22134:Ken Young
21979:Tony Judt
21828:Arms race
21801:Red Scare
21669:NN States
21614:Apartheid
21569:Autocracy
21478:Stalinism
21446:Guevarism
21436:Castroism
21426:Communism
21418:Socialism
20944:Star Wars
20537:Koza riot
19663:Beleaguer
19655:Masterdom
19399:al-Majdal
19392:Kafr Saba
19387:al-Jalama
19292:al-Nuqayb
19265:al-Manara
19258:al-Majdal
19241:Kafr Sabt
19031:al-Na'ima
19021:al-Muntar
18932:al-Khisas
18898:al-Ja'una
18873:al-Hamra'
18726:Zakariyya
18610:al-Na'ani
18579:al-Maghar
18567:al-Latrun
18550:al-Khayma
18459:Bir Salim
18452:Bir Ma'in
18404:Barfiliya
18331:al-Walaja
18319:al-Tannur
18273:al-Qastal
18251:al-Maliha
18215:Ism Allah
18198:Ayn Karim
18169:Dayr 'Amr
18162:Dayr Aban
18155:al-Burayj
18141:Bayt Thul
18099:Jerusalem
17981:Kafr 'Ana
17927:Abu Kishk
17922:Abu Kabir
17862:Mughallis
17731:al-Sarkas
17669:al-Manara
17655:Khubbayza
17624:al-Jalama
17419:al-Khisas
17404:Karatiyya
17325:al-Faluja
17298:Bayt Tima
17213:Beersheba
17203:al-Zawiya
17177:Umm 'Ajra
12972:al-Ruways
12807:unrwa.org
12749:Al-Hassan
12669:(Wihdat)
12667:Amman New
12596:Rashidieh
12556:Mieh Mieh
12546:Mar Elias
12293:Nur Shams
12231:Al-Arroub
11965:West Bank
11811:Tom Segev
11699:Nakba Day
11639:Palestine
11461:Routledge
11305:Routledge
11174:252389726
11166:0026-3206
10984:1040-841X
10673:1474-9475
10589:219623831
10581:1073-6700
10510:148814757
10502:1073-6700
9655:10 August
9156:refugees.
9141:. UNRWA.
8500:The Times
7940:Routledge
7376:252389726
7332:144148068
7316:0891-4486
7223:Citations
7053:villages.
6748:Ran Cohen
6543:Nakba Day
6536:apartheid
6509:Palestine
6437:Ian Black
6316:ends the
6228:Languages
6218:West Bank
6132:12,366.3
6114:10,099.6
5886:Villages
5795:Nations".
5671:Beersheba
5556:cablegram
5482:Qalansuwa
5470:Kafr Saba
5297:Jerusalem
5092:West Bank
5086:Palestine
4888:Palestine
4576:terrorism
361:Nakba Day
316:Tom Segev
249:Nakba Law
227:Discourse
23278:Religion
22799:Utah War
22669:(64–313)
22646:Violence
22536:Domicide
22488:Yazidism
22405:Hinduism
22363:Buddhism
22339:By group
22286:Timeline
22276:Category
22221:See also
21713:Izvestia
21554:Islamism
21451:Hoxhaism
21326:Rollback
21205:Abkhazia
21145:Gulf War
21049:Glasnost
20419:incident
20189:Sand War
20047:Ifni War
19556:Rio Pact
19501:Cold War
19375:Fardisya
19363:Bayt Lid
19311:al-Samra
19231:al-Hamma
19199:Tiberias
19120:al-Shuna
19055:Qaytiyya
18793:Baysamun
18632:al-Qubab
18543:Kharruba
18428:Bayt Jiz
18423:Bayt Far
18416:Bashshit
18341:Nazareth
18326:al-'Umur
18067:al-Mazar
18062:al-Jawfa
17947:al-Haram
17884:Umm Burj
17825:Barqusya
17793:Wadi Ara
17752:al-Shuna
17721:Sabbarin
17686:al-Mazar
17674:al-Mansi
17643:Kafr Lam
17590:al-Dumun
17547:Ayn Hawd
17409:Kawfakha
17382:al-Jiyya
17350:Hulayqat
17221:al-Imara
17093:al-Hamra
17074:al-Fatur
12997:Tarbikha
12942:Kuwaykat
12932:al-Kabri
12902:al-Damun
12897:al-Birwa
12892:al-Bassa
12773: ?
12763: ?
12753: ?
12629:Nabatieh
12385:Jaramana
12211:Dheisheh
12181:Qalandia
12171:Jalazone
12093:Nuseirat
12032:Al-Shati
11555:Archived
11543:Archived
11431:Archived
11414:(2009).
11236:Archived
11203:Archived
11178:Archived
11112:(2004).
11055:(2003).
11038:(2012).
11021:(1992).
11004:Archived
11000:33988479
10992:11791799
10956:(2001).
10753:(2003).
10718:(2008).
10677:Archived
10636:27 March
10630:Archived
10593:Archived
10553:(2001).
10514:Archived
10403:Archived
10367:(2001).
10350:Archived
10338:(2003).
10267:24 April
10261:Archived
10228:Archived
10224:YnetNews
10197:Archived
10167:Archived
10137:Archived
10108:Archived
10090:26 March
10084:Archived
10055:26 March
10049:Archived
10026:Archived
9996:Archived
9852:Archived
9792:24 April
9786:Archived
9761:Archived
9741:Archived
9649:Archived
9624:6 August
9585:24 April
9579:Archived
9559:24 April
9553:Archived
9491:Archived
9467:Archived
9444:cite web
9434:24 April
9407:Archived
9383:Archived
9332:Archived
9292:Archived
9190:Archived
9171:Archived
9143:Archived
9114:Archived
9096:(2011).
8999:Archived
8906:Archived
8860:Archived
8838:Archived
8805:Archived
8767:Archived
8754:, p. 87.
8740:(Eds.).
8689:Archived
8658:Archived
8483:Archived
8465:24 April
8459:Archived
8345:Archived
8327:(film).
8293:Archived
8275:(film).
8269:(1998).
8241:Archived
8223:(film).
8147:Archived
8022:Archived
8002:Archived
7977:Archived
7933:Archived
7907:Archived
7886:exodus."
7847:(2004).
7760:Archived
7735:19 March
7729:Archived
7692:19 March
7686:Archived
7652:Archived
7624:Archived
7524:19 March
7518:Archived
7479:(1992).
7324:40608203
7273:Archived
7270:Nakba 60
7256:Archived
7242:Archived
7162:BBC News
7116:villages
6905:See also
6817:in 1948.
6815:Eilaboun
6799:Ayn Hawd
6612:Kol HaAm
6240:Religion
6096:7,719.6
6078:5,224.2
6060:3,943.1
6042:3,363.9
6024:1,159.4
5914:Khalidi
5844:Tiberias
5742:and the
5524:Fureidis
5507:pocket.
5408:writes:
5309:Tiberias
5301:Tel Aviv
5233:Language
5029:Enclaves
4938:Previous
4929:Politics
4920:Diaspora
366:Land Day
134:Timeline
23032:(1963)
22789:(1700s)
22504:Methods
22461:Judaism
22447:Sunnism
22437:Shi'ism
22348:Atheism
21776:Amerika
21659:Comecon
21544:Fascism
21534:Zionism
21483:Titoism
21024:Contras
20492:Détente
19769:Comecon
19353:Tulkarm
19253:Ma'dhar
19226:Hadatha
19127:Taytaba
19074:Sabalan
19048:Qaddita
19038:Qabba'a
18971:Mallaha
18961:Madahil
18956:Lazzaza
18927:Karraza
18878:Harrawi
18866:Ghuraba
18825:Dayshum
18813:Dallata
18798:Biriyya
18761:'Akbara
18731:Zarnuqa
18700:al-Tira
18695:al-Tina
18521:Idnibba
18480:Daniyal
18466:al-Burj
18394:Ajanjul
18359:Ma'alul
18268:Qalunya
18263:al-Qabu
18241:al-Lawz
18227:al-Jura
18010:Rantiya
17998:al-Mirr
17976:Jarisha
17767:al-Tira
17711:Qumbaza
17706:Qisarya
17571:al-Burj
17566:Burayka
17451:Qastina
17446:Ni'ilya
17414:Kawkaba
17392:al-Jura
17340:Hiribya
17259:Barbara
17170:al-Tira
17165:al-Taqa
17067:Farwana
17052:al-Bira
13007:az-Zeeb
12992:al-Tall
12977:Suhmata
12967:al-Nahr
12922:Iribbin
12739:Talbieh
12692:104,000
12633: ?
12623: ?
12566:Beddawi
12526:Shatila
12506:El Buss
12472:148,500
12468:Yarmouk
12458:Latakia
12345:Sabinah
12330:Birzeit
12313:Shu'fat
12283:Tulkarm
12107:104,000
12083:Maghazi
12067:110,000
12063:Jabalia
11999:Lebanon
11242:2 April
10894:(1973)
10885:2536786
10835:2536126
10328:Sources
10256:Haaretz
10163:Haaretz
10133:Haaretz
9693:4283366
9549:Haaretz
9499:Haaretz
9475:Haaretz
9427:F_404.
9359:21 July
9006:Haaretz
8746:Verso.
8616:Shitrit
8333:Germany
8281:Germany
8229:Germany
7265:Haaretz
7215:Forces.
6989:Haganah
6987:Namely
6850:Gallery
6739:Haaretz
6617:Matzpen
6556:Knesset
6505:Handala
6344:Ottoman
6314:Knesset
6150:20,350
6001:Phase:
5897:Morris
5889:Tribes
5848:pogroms
5700:Galilee
5509:Tantura
5486:Tantura
5474:al-Tira
5222:(dance)
5213:Cuisine
5189:Culture
5135:Al-Aqsa
5130:Judaism
5048:(Hamas)
4997:Current
4895:History
4817:Husayni
4793:Qisarya
4774:Qisarya
4706:Haganah
4614:History
4589:Later,
4584:typhoid
4497:Zionist
4483:In the
389:Ongoing
356:Handala
23261:(2024)
23250:(2023)
23244:(2020)
23238:(2019)
23232:(2019)
23190:(2011)
23172:(2002)
23166:(2001)
23160:(2000)
23154:(2000)
23146:(1999)
23140:(1995)
23122:(1990)
23114:(1989)
23102:(1984)
23078:(1971)
23070:(1966)
23064:(1966)
23050:(1963)
23044:(1963)
23038:(1963)
23026:(1955)
23014:(1950)
22990:(1948)
22966:(1947)
22960:(1946)
22954:(1946)
22948:(1946)
22918:(1933)
22906:(1924)
22825:(1909)
22813:(1864)
22807:(1860)
22723:(1191)
22705:(1099)
22699:(1096)
22660:Events
22596:Pogrom
22442:Sufism
21727:Pravda
21529:Racism
21468:Maoism
21220:Kosovo
20741:Condor
20417:Pueblo
20403:May 68
20031:Gladio
19949:Tuapse
19612:Jungle
19604:Priboi
19459:Zalafa
19428:Tabsur
19297:Samakh
19285:Nimrin
19236:Hittin
19175:Zawiya
19132:Tulayl
19106:Sa'sa'
19084:Saliha
19079:Safsaf
19000:Meiron
18893:Jahula
18854:Fir'im
18771:Ammuqa
18688:Shilta
18681:Shahma
18676:Saydun
18659:Salbit
18625:Qazaza
18555:Khulda
18528:Innaba
18220:Jarash
18089:Zir'in
18079:Lajjun
18027:Saqiya
18022:Salama
17899:Zikrin
17818:'Ajjur
17810:Hebron
17738:Sa'sa'
17696:Qannir
17631:Kabara
17609:Hawsha
17537:'Atlit
17480:Summil
17475:Simsim
17399:Jusayr
17330:Hamama
17310:Burayr
17305:Bil'in
17098:Jabbul
17057:Beisan
17018:Beisan
12927:Jiddin
12813:2 July
12769:Sokhna
12759:Madaba
12733:53,000
12723:24,000
12719:Jerash
12713:25,000
12703:22,000
12688:Baqa'a
12682:20,000
12672:51,500
12661:29,000
12651:20,000
12600:31,478
12586:Dbayeh
12580:22,789
12570:16,500
12510:11,254
12500:54,116
12490:17,945
12462:10,000
12429:23,700
12419:10,000
12399:10,000
12389:18,658
12379:22,000
12369:20,500
12365:Nayrab
12359:20,000
12349:22,600
12323:Silwad
12317:11,000
12307:16,000
12287:18,000
12255:23,600
12251:Balata
12245:15,900
12235:10,400
12215:13,000
12195:10,500
12191:Am'ari
12185:11,000
12175:11,000
12161:Fawwar
12117:closed
12113:Canada
12097:66,000
12087:24,000
12077:72,000
12057:21,000
12047:34,000
12043:Bureij
12037:87,000
12016:Jordan
12013:
11996:
11979:
11962:
11945:
11687:causes
11510:
11492:
11481:(2013)
11467:
11386:
11365:
11347:
11329:
11311:
11286:
11268:
11228:
11172:
11164:
11124:
11103:
11081:
11074:
11046:
11029:
10998:
10990:
10982:
10939:
10902:
10883:
10853:
10833:
10803:
10789:
10775:
10761:
10744:
10726:
10671:
10622:
10587:
10579:
10543:
10536:
10508:
10500:
10467:
10453:
10439:
10425:
10395:
10002:29 May
9691:
9106:
8946:6 June
8750:
8530:(2006)
8329:Israel
8277:Israel
8225:Israel
8205:
8177:
7946:
7859:
7721:
7678:
7510:
7460:
7374:
7330:
7322:
7314:
7287:
7198:
7144:
7107:
7071:
7044:
7021:
6995:, and
6797:about
6727:aliyah
6605:, the
6524:Durban
6234:Arabic
6160:Source
5951:Source
5892:Total
5883:Towns
5520:Israel
5323:under
5203:Cinema
5039:Cities
4910:Origin
4905:People
4797:Sa'sa'
4748:Yishuv
4737:Hebron
4698:Jordan
4501:Israel
234:Causes
22693:(732)
22422:Islam
22212:Stasi
21679:SAARC
21674:ASEAN
21639:SEATO
21492:Other
21457:Juche
21215:Korea
21128:1990s
20841:1980s
20485:1970s
20108:1960s
19860:1950s
19570:1940s
19551:NEATO
19546:SEATO
19536:ANZUS
19416:Qaqun
19411:Miska
19343:Yaquq
19246:Lubya
19207:Awlam
19043:Qadas
18995:Marus
18883:Hunin
18741:Safad
18719:Yibna
18654:Sajad
18649:Ramla
18620:Qatra
18572:Lydda
18538:Jimzu
18533:Jilya
18374:Ramle
18354:Indur
18312:Sufla
18295:Sataf
18290:Saris
18285:Sar'a
18258:Nitaf
18246:Lifta
18234:Kasla
18208:Islin
18203:Ishwa
18119:Artuf
18114:Aqqur
18107:Allar
18084:Nuris
18054:Jenin
18044:Yazur
17942:Fajja
17909:Jaffa
17894:Zayta
17872:Ra'na
17855:Kudna
17800:Yajur
17619:Jaba'
17614:Ijzim
17500:Haifa
17490:Yasur
17387:Julis
17370:Isdud
17355:Ibdis
17335:Hatta
17320:Dimra
17264:Barqa
17196:Zab'a
17189:Yubla
17153:Sirin
17134:Qumya
17105:Kafra
17062:Danna
12987:Suruh
12957:Mi'ar
12917:Iqrit
12743:8,000
12729:Marka
12709:Irbid
12647:Zarqa
12590:4,351
12560:5,250
12540:8,806
12536:Wavel
12530:9,842
12520:5,857
12452:6,000
12409:8,000
12395:Daraa
12303:Jenin
12297:9,000
12277:6,750
12266:1,000
12261:'Azza
12241:Askar
12225:4,700
12205:2,400
12165:8,000
12155:7,600
12151:Far'a
12145:1,900
12135:6,400
12103:Rafah
11982:Syria
11694:UNRWA
11605:Nakba
11434:(PDF)
11419:(PDF)
11170:S2CID
10996:S2CID
10881:JSTOR
10831:JSTOR
10585:S2CID
10506:S2CID
10290:ISGAP
9689:JSTOR
9618:(PDF)
9605:(PDF)
9389:6 May
9071:(PDF)
9064:(PDF)
8888:3 May
8069:3 May
7942:2014
7372:S2CID
7328:S2CID
7320:JSTOR
6993:Irgun
6975:Notes
6838:Farha
6775:Films
6462:Nakba
6260:UNRWA
6222:Syria
6168:COHRE
5579:Ramla
5575:Lydda
5478:Qaqun
5370:Haifa
5358:Haifa
5336:Irgun
5329:Jaffa
5321:Irgun
5313:Haifa
5243:Music
5219:Dabke
5125:Islam
5009:Hamas
5004:Fatah
4915:Nakba
4702:Egypt
4675:Irgun
4664:Irgun
4523:in a
4509:Nakba
4503:, by
421:Lists
202:UNRWA
173:Camps
50:Nakba
22330:and
21752:TASS
21644:METO
21634:NATO
20860:and
20858:1980
20415:USS
19541:METO
19526:NATO
18844:Fara
18766:Alma
18644:Qula
18399:Aqir
18305:Suba
17701:Qira
17439:Najd
17246:Gaza
12882:Amqa
12874:Acre
12815:2015
12698:Husn
12678:Souf
12405:Hama
12375:Homs
12221:Aida
11508:ISBN
11490:ISBN
11465:ISBN
11442:2024
11384:ISBN
11363:ISBN
11345:ISBN
11327:ISBN
11309:ISBN
11284:ISBN
11266:ISBN
11244:2021
11226:ISBN
11211:2024
11186:2024
11162:ISSN
11122:ISBN
11101:ISBN
11079:ISBN
11072:ISBN
11044:ISBN
11027:ISBN
11012:2024
10988:PMID
10980:ISSN
10937:ISBN
10900:ISBN
10851:ISBN
10801:ISBN
10787:ISBN
10773:ISBN
10759:ISBN
10742:ISBN
10724:ISBN
10685:2024
10669:ISSN
10638:2022
10620:ISBN
10601:2024
10577:ISSN
10541:ISBN
10534:ISBN
10522:2024
10498:ISSN
10465:ISBN
10451:ISBN
10437:ISBN
10423:ISBN
10411:2024
10393:ISBN
10358:2024
10269:2016
10236:2012
10205:2012
10175:2012
10145:2012
10092:2022
10057:2022
10004:2018
9973:SPME
9860:2016
9824:2010
9794:2016
9669:cf.
9657:2014
9626:2014
9587:2016
9561:2016
9450:link
9436:2016
9391:2010
9361:2010
9247:2010
9151:2011
9122:2020
9104:ISBN
9079:2009
8948:2011
8890:2007
8748:ISBN
8736:and
8467:2016
8353:2012
8341:Arte
8301:2012
8289:Arte
8249:2012
8237:Arte
8203:ISBN
8175:ISBN
8071:2007
7985:2011
7944:ISBN
7857:ISBN
7737:2016
7719:ISBN
7694:2016
7676:ISBN
7632:2016
7526:2016
7508:ISBN
7458:ISBN
7312:ISSN
7285:ISBN
7196:ISBN
7142:ISBN
7105:ISBN
7069:ISBN
7067:UK.
7042:ISBN
7019:ISBN
6997:Lehi
6689:and
6687:Arab
6503:'s "
6346:and
6183:and
6144:531
6126:481
6108:465
6090:418
6072:378
6054:290
6036:199
5960:Note
5943:531
5937:419
5926:418
5920:400
5909:369
5903:342
5585:and
5577:and
5484:and
5388:and
5340:Lehi
5338:and
5074:Flag
5014:PFLP
4900:Name
4801:plan
4795:and
4721:Suba
4679:Lehi
4677:and
4668:Lehi
4666:and
22651:War
22207:KGB
22202:MVD
22187:MI6
22182:MI5
22177:CIA
21649:EEC
17662:Lid
17345:Huj
12864:by
12550:662
11154:doi
10972:doi
10873:doi
10823:doi
10704:doi
10661:doi
10569:doi
10490:doi
10315:all
9681:doi
8978:doi
8153:by
7543:ALA
7431:doi
7427:118
7364:doi
7304:doi
7097:doi
6592:).
6522:in
6439:at
6018:30
5940:99
5934:13
5923:17
5906:17
5900:10
5496:."
5390:BBC
5386:CIA
5198:Art
5079:Law
4975:PLO
4829:LHI
4827:or
4825:IZL
4710:AHC
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