1964 split in the Communist Party of India

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the description of India as a 'semi-colonial' country from the party program and instead stated that India had recently won its 'independence and sovereignty'. The CPI now supported the Indian government in its Second Five Year Plan, particularly in regards to development of heavy industries. In regards to the Indian capitalists the party now used a much more conciliatory language, as the 4th CPI Party Congress portrayed the conflict between the forces of imperialism and feudalism on one hand confronting 'the entire Indian people, including the national bourgeoisie' on the other. The new party line called for a national democratic front, including the national capitalists. The language of CPI regarding Indian foreign policy also changed significantly - Nehru was no longer branded as a puppet of US and British imperialism, but on the contrary the non-alignment policies of the Nehru government were lauded. The 4th CPI Party Congress described the non-alignment policy as a 'sentinel for peace' and that 'eutrality expresses the sentiment of the masses for maintenance of their national freedom.' Nevertheless, the Palghat line argued that whilst the party should support progressive policies of Nehru government, the party should also struggle against reactionary policies of same government.

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terms of strategy and tactics. Whilst the 1956 congress had used careful wordings when talking about the potential for peaceful transition to socialism via combined electoral and mass struggles, Amritsar Party Congress used a much more optimistic discourse when talking about a parliamentary path to socialism - by this point the party felt that the 1957 electoral victory in Kerala could be replicated in other Indian states and eventually the same modality would be used to come to power in Delhi. According to Ram (1977) "Amritsar was the culmination of the long retreat from Telangana and from the 1951 tactical line because in its newfound faith in peaceful change, the CPI was repudiating its tactic of combining peasant partisan warfare with the general strike weapon by the peasant-worker class alliance with the working class as a leader. The 1951 tactical line had at best reiterated a theoretical commitment to this tactic because such a struggle was not part of immediate programme. But Amritsar marked the repudiation of even this theoretical commitment".

3736:(1991) 'he Communist Movement was never strong in Gujarat, and the split of 1964 further weakened it.' In the lead-up to the split, the Gujarat State Council and Gujarat State Secretariat of CPI had not confronted Dange directly, but a majority within the bodies espoused criticisms on Dange's leadership and political line. The Dange group was worried about the dominance of Dinkar Mehta and Chiman Mehta in the Gujarat party unit. Dinkar Mehta, CPI Gujarat State Council Secretary and National Council member, had not joined the walk-out at the April 1964 but was identified as a leftist. Mehta's group managed to win the allegiance of Vajubhai Shukla, a founder of the party in Gujarat, who agreed to join the preparatory committee for the left CPI Calcutta Party Congress. Dinkar Mehta attended the Tenali convention, and afterwards organized a special convention in Ahmedabad to present a report from Tenali. For the Dange group this was an act of open defiance of party discipline, and they instructed their loyalists in Gujarat to organize a new State Council. 2561:(SMS, a Maharashtrian regional coalition in which CPI participated) issued a statement calling for a return to the Status Quo of 1954, affirming the McMahon line as the 'natural boundary' between the two countries and accused China of occupying Indian territory. The SMS resolution placed CPI in a dilemma, since the SMS resolution and the CPI September 1959 Calcutta resolution clashed on several key points. The Maharashtrian communists were threatened with expulsion from SMS if they didn't vote in favour of the statement. The Maharashtrian communists voted in favour of the statement, but were notably worried that the action had violated the CPI party line. Per Varkey (1974) it is probable that Dange, who was the chairman of the SMS Parliamentary Board, felt the need to issue a clarifying statement of his own. Dange's statement affirmed that the SMS resolution supported the McMahon line and identified that border violations had been committed, but that the SMS resolution had not sought to portray China as the sole responsible party of the conflict. 6257:(AICCCR), later founding the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI(ML)) in 1969. Per Dutt (1971) after the split "he majority in the CPM leadership was of the view that revisionism had crept into the Soviet Communist Party but it was not prepared to agree that the Soviet Union had ceased to be a socialist country altogether. The CPM also accepted that the Chinese international line was by and large correct but not in its entirety. They were particularly unwilling to accept the Chinese line on India, in particular Peking's advocacy of the strategy of immediate violent revolution. New differences developed within the CPM between the limited and wholesale followers of Peking. The dominant leadership was against total identification with Peking and at its Madurai meeting in September 1967, the CPM criticized the Chinese assessment of the Indian political situation. E. M. S. Namboodripad, whom Peking had once depicted as a true Indian Communist, had now become an arch revisionist and 345:. Per Sharma most studies on the split have ascribed the split to a combination of these 3 factors, albeit in varying degrees. Whilst Sharma agrees that these three factors 'accelerated' the split he seeks to point to other factors often overlooked by commentators, namely the stark regional variations in which CPI operated, leadership rivalry and personality-oriented factionalism. Sharma argues that the role of Dange in the party had been a source of contention even in the 1940s, that tensions grew between his supporters and opponents as he steadily arose in the party hierarchy in the years that followed. In particular in the midst of the April 1964 split ideological and strategic issues were put to the back-burner, and rivalries of personality and power struggles came to the forefront. Mohanty (1977) also indicates that personal and factional rivalries were factors in the lead-up to the split. 3053:. Namboodiripad's document sought to highlight past and current errors, criticizing the rightist leadership for subservience to the Indian National Congress government and calling on CPI to remain neutral in the Sino-Soviet dispute. Namboodiripad's resolution was rejected by the National Council and Namboodiripad resigned from the post as general secretary of the party, citing his concerns with the 'nationalist' postures of the party. P. Sundarayya, Surjeet and Basu also resigned from the CPI Secretariat and CEC. Namboodiripad would later accept to withdraw his resignation, but with P. Sundarayya, Basu and Surjeet out of the picture the rightists had a total control over the Secretariat. Namboodiripad found himself completely isolated in the Secretariat. The rightists used their control over the Secretariat to induct more of their own loyalists at the party headquarters and in state units. 4165:) in the last week of March 1965. At the onset of the convention there was a ruckus, as the leftists delegates protested against the delegate mandates of Benoy Debbbarma and Punjab Debbarma. Both Benoy and Punjab Debbarma would have had the right to delegate credential as they had been delegates to the last state conference, but the two had violated the agreement in the party unit by openly endorsing the Dange-led CPI in the run-up to the convention. In protest against the ruckus caused by the leftists, 13 delegates led by Aghore Debbarma and Jitendra Lal Das walked out of the convention in protest. Thus the party was finalized in Tripura; The group of the 13 delegates that walked out of the Kalyanpur convention would constitute the CPI state unit and the delegates that remained at the Kalyanpur convention would constitute the CPI(M) state unit. 3247:

CPI(Right) would form separate parliamentary groups. By late 1964 the CPI(Right) group had 18 Lok Sabha deputies, CPI Left 11 deputies and 3 deputies remained undecided. According to Crouch (1966), out of 205 state assembly legislators of the undivided CPI 112 had sided with CPI(Right), 72 with CPI(Left) and the remainder being undecided. Out of the 72 CPI(Left) assembly legislators, 63 were from Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. Sharma (1978) argues that there is no evidence that split would have been a clash between the parliamentary or organizational wings of the undivided CPI, as the top leaderships in parliament and legislatures were divided evenly. The CPI(Right) headquarters, however, claimed that out of 170 legislators, only 49 had sided with the CPI(Left). According to

3806: 1542:(held in Moscow in February 1956) relations between the Soviet leadership and the Nehru government had improved significantly. Notably the 20th CPSU congress not only denounced the personality cult around Stalin, furthermore the general declaration of the congress recognized possibility for peaceful transition to socialism. Following the 20th CPSU congress factionalism inside CPI increased. On one side, the endorsement of non-capitalist development and peaceful transition to socialism by the 20th CPSU congress further emboldened the right-wing within CPI. On the other side, the denunciation of Stalin by Khrushchev caused dissent within CPI, which pushed CPI closer to the CCP. In reaction to Khrushchev's statement on Stalin, Ghosh urged CPI members to study the CCP statement 3756: 3634: 4178: 3603:(1973) the drift towards parliamentary politics and projects of alliances with the progressive sectors of the national bourgeoisie led to a "de-emphasis on the multi-national character of the Indian State and an increasing tendency to speak of Hindi as the 'national language’, ignoring the equality of Indian languages. The eagerness to pursue the peaceful road to socialism necessitated an alliance with a section of the all-India ruling classes, i.e. a wing of the Congress and this understanding logically resulted in talk of India as a 'nation' and the need for a national democratic front. The concept of “national unity" and the short shrift given to the Marxist stand on nationalities was one of the differences which the Party split in 1964 highlighted." 191: 4196: 3967: 4111: 4129: 4001: 3723: 4085: 4055: 4028: 3924: 3869: 1924:

leaves. But once he took charge as Chief Minister, he was no longer able to exercise organizational functions at the Delhi party headquarters. Generally Dange had been perceived as the number three in the party hierarchy. But his electoral victory and the role he played as the leader of the largest parliamentary opposition faction significantly increased his political stature. And being present at the parliament in Delhi, in the vicinity of the central party headquarters, enabled Dange to emerge as a potential candidate to act as the replacement for the general secretary during Ghosh's medical absences. Coincidentally, Ghosh had no periods of absence during Namboodiripad's tenure as Chief Minister of Kerala.

3704: 3682: 2638:

on 24 October 1959. The statement was somewhat milder that the public statement done by Dange, it labelled the Chinese action as 'unjustified' and expressed that CPI shared 'the feelings of deep resentment and indignation of the Indian people' regarding the 'heavy loss of life' in the incident. Within the Secretariat there had been two suggestions for amendments to the statement, but both were rejected - Z.A. Ahmed had called expressing stronger disapproval of Chinese action whilst Joshi had proposed highlighting the potential role of provocateurs and imperialist forces in aggravating the crisis. The 'internationalist' trend in the party was dissatisfied with acceptance of McMahon line as party policy.

675:

methods of struggle, rejecting the legacy of Ranadive (who had sought to imitate the Russian revolution) and Rao (who had sought to imitate the Chinese revolution). The convention adopted a new party program, which identified India as 'dependent and semi-colonial country' The 1951 program characterized the Nehru government as a "overnment of landlords and princes and the reactionary big bourgeoisie collaborating with the British imperialists" It outlined that the national bourgeoisie was not part of the governing bloc. The 1951 program temporarily settled the factional conflict inside the party. Subsequently, after the 1951 Calcutta convention CPI began preparations for participating in

3496: 2650:. The Meerut meeting would last for a week. At the Meerut meeting the group hostile towards China began to gain influence in the party. Dange repeated his demand that CPI should recognize the McMahon Line as the Indian border. The meeting adopted the 'nationalist' position for the McMahon line as basis for negotiations between the two countries became party policy, but the meeting also approved the 'internationalist' position that acceptance of territorial claims shouldn't be a precondition for negotiations. The Meerut meeting also censured Dange and two other CPI leaders in Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, S.S. Mirajkar and S.G. Sardesai, for violation of party discipline. 2866:

progressive sector of Indian National Congress within a National Democratic Front led by working class. The Left's position was that the role of the Indian National Congress was not entirely negative, but that it was reactionary and should be opposed. The Left argued that CPI should work for People's Democracy, and build unity among democratic forces under working class leadership. Namboodiripad represented a third position, that bourgeoisie was divided between monopoly capital (foreign and domestic) and an anti-imperialist/anti-feudal sections. Per Namboodiripad the CPI should seek to win over the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal sectors of bourgeoisie.

458: 2568:, another SMS constituent, who called the clarification a 'naive attempt' to reconcile the 'wellknown treachery' of CPI with the position of SMS. On 14 October 1959 the executive of the CPI unit in Maharashtra endorsed the SMS resolution and Dange's clarification, framing the SMS resolution as a compromise between the different parties of the coalition. The 14 October 1959 statement of the CPI Maharashtra executive affirmed that all SMS partners were in favour of peaceful negotiations on the basis of the McMahon line. The explicit acceptance of the McMahon by the Maharashtra CPI unit was an unambiguous deviation of from the central party line. 2512:. Almost immediately as the border conflict emerged, a storm of censure within was directed at CPI as critics sought to portray the party as a fifth column of China. Many local units of CPI sought to downplay the border dispute, arguing in favour of peaceful solution to the border conflict. Following the Longju incident, the CPI CEC resolution sought to take the middle ground, expressing confidence in non-aggressive character of China whilst committing to India's territorial integrity. According to Nossiter, the resolution dissatisfied both the "internationalist Left" and the "nationalist Right" inside the party. And on 7 September 1959 1898: 3281:. In his speech at the convention, the veteran communist leader Muzaffar Ahmad called on the delegates to swear an oath to forge a 'real communist party'. The CPI(Left) branded CPI(Right) as 'revisionist'. The Tenali convention called for making arrangements for a 7th Party Congress in Calcutta in October 1964. The gathering called on the Government of India to communicate directly with the Chinese leadership in order to break the deadlock in the border dispute. Marking a stark difference from the Dangeite right-wing CPI, the Tenali convention was marked by the display of a large portrait of Mao along with the portraits of 2666:'Nationalists' - a group who wanted CPI to 'unequivocally' support the McMahon line as India's border and that the party should support Nehru government in its foreign policy. Per the 'nationalists', it was important to support Nehru on border issue to curb influence of reactionaries in Indian politics. Per Stern the 'nationalists' had the upper hand in the Maharashtra and Kerala, and it had support from leaders from Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh and scattered support in other states. Dange was the most outspoken leader of the group, whilst Namboodiripad wanted to retain criticisms within the internal party forums. 6146:, Inderjit Gupta, Ranen Sen and Raj Bahadur Gour. Dange had the support of 5 out of 7 AITUC Vice Presidents. AITUC President S.S. Mirajkar sided with CPI (Left), albeit mainly due to personality animosity with Dange rather than ideology. Other prominent AITUC leaders that sided with CPI(M) were P. Ramamurthi (AITUC Vice President), Monarajan Roy (AITUC West Bengal Secretary) and Ram Asrey. Only in the West Bengal unit of AITUC did the leftists have a significant influence over the organization. There were also four out of 47 members of the AITUC Working Committee who were neither members of CPI(Right) nor CPI(Left). 4230:

Party District Conference an alternative draft program was brought forth by Parimal Dasgupta (a leading figure of the far-left in the party). Another alternative proposal was presented to the Calcutta Party District Conference by Azizul Haque, but Haque was initially banned from presenting it by the conference organisers. At the Calcutta Party District Conference 42 delegates opposed M. Basavapunniah's official draft program proposal. At the Siliguri Party District Conference, the main draft proposal for a party program was accepted, but with some additional points suggested by the far-left North Bengal cadre

3573:) and significant power of CPI in state politics in states like West Bengal (average land per household 3.86 acres), Kerala (1.91, the lowest in the country) and Madras (3.87). The highest man-land ratio was found in Rajasthan (13.75), Maharashtra (12.22) and Gujarat (11.47), states where CPI was weak. Sharma does however acknowledge that the comparison of man-land ratio doesn't take differences in land distribution into account. But he argues that the failure of CPI to develop a common strategy for the party that would work well in divergent agrarian contexts "gave rise to the worst type of factionalism". 6163:

Vijay Bahadur as general secretary. In Rajasthan the rightists took advantage of the imprisonment of leftist trade unionists like Punamia, Iqbal Singh, Rajbahadur Gaur and Radhaballav Aggarwal 1964–1965, and reconstituted the AITUC state unit. Once the Rajasthan leftist unionists were released from jail, they began functioning as a separate trade union centre. In Kerala there was intense rivalry between the factions in the Travancore Coir Factory Workers Union (TCFWU) until 1966 when pro-CPI(M) majority broke away and formed their own union, the Alleppey Coir Factory Thozhilali Union.

438: 3789:, had sided with the CPI(Left) in the 1964 split (in 1962 elections to a 41-member Territorial Council had been held, which was converted through legislation into a Legislative Assembly on 1 July 1963). CPI(M) failed to retain its presence in the legislature in the 1967 assembly election, its six candidates obtained 3,019 votes (0.39% of the total votes in the state, 4.08% in the six constituencies contested). CPI(M) would remain very marginal force in state politics after the split, its role in Himachal politics would only take off years later with the establishment of 2925:

compromise solution; Namboodiripad was named as the new general secretary whilst Dange was named as party chairman (a new post created as part of the compromise). A new Secretariat was constituted with 3 leftists, 3 rightists and 3 centrists. The inclusion of three additional Secretariat members, P. Sundarayya, Surjeet and Basu, was a concession to the left-wing. Sharma (1978) compared the April 1962 phase in the CPI factional conflict with the May 1922 factional tensions in Soviet Russia, when a collective leadership was formed around Stalin,

450: 1523:

for independent development and an anti-imperialist foreign policy. The CPI rightists proposed simultaneous struggle against government and Indian National Congress whilst seeking cooperation with progressive sectors inside Congress Party. The CPI leftists on the other hand saw the Nehru government as reactionary, and that its supposedly progressive economic policies were deceptive as the government defended feudal interests. Nevertheless, the CPI leftists could agree to support the Nehru government on foreign policy issues.

2823:. Allegedly, Ghosh had instructed the two delegates to stay away from contact with the Chinese delegation at Hanoi. Damodaran refused to meet with Chinese delegation, but Konar met with them and accepted their invitation to visit Peking immediately after the Hanoi congress. In Peking Konar met Mao and other leaders. Upon his return to India he argued for CCP positions on border issue as well as the wider ideological conflict between CPSU and CCP. Per Ray, this was first direct attempt by CCP to gain influence inside the CPI. 3482:. The Bombay Party Congress denounced CCP for 'chauvinistic distortion', and argued that CCP had tried to interfere in the internal affairs of CPI. Dange authored the thesis which the Bombay Party Congress adopted. The documents adopted at the Calcutta and Bombay gatherings differed on almost every major issue - the character of the Indian state, the state of revolution in the country, strategy, positions towards the Indian government, alliance building, etc. C. Rajeshwara Rao was elected general secretary of CPI(Right). 2470:

resistance of the forces of reaction and insure that Parliament becomes an instrument of people's will for effecting fundamental changes in the economic, social and State structure." Furthermore, the Amritsar thesis argued that 'any of the declared policies of the Congress and some of measures are, in today's context, progressive. Moreover, the Amritsar Party Congress outright stated that the 'Communist Party supports the foreign policy of the Indian government and consistently works for strengthening it'.

6285: 2537:

meeting was heated and lasted for 5 days (it had initially been planned to last for 3 days). The rightist Dange, who was encouraged by the Soviet statement of neutrality on the Sino-Indian dispute, criticized Chinese actions and requested that the party should declare support for the Nehru government on the Sino-Indian border issue. Dange's demand included recognition of the McMahon line. The leftists in the CEC argued that Dange's position constituted a violation of the principles of

2669:'Internationalists' - a group who opposed support to Nehru government in confrontation with China on ideological and tactical grounds, arguing that capitulating to Nehru would be used by reactionaries to neutralize CPI in domestic politics. The 'Internationalists' wished to retain the September 1959 Calcutta statement as CPI policy. The 'internationalists' were the dominant faction in the West Bengal party unit. They were also strong in Punjab, and had supporters in all state units. 306:(CCP) has been upheld by a sector in CPI after the split. Some scholars have sought to portray the split as directly linked to divisions in the world communist movement, whilst others have emphasized indigenous causes. Rao (1983) argues that the narrative that CPI supported the Soviet Union and CPI(M) supported China is an oversimplification. Per Mitra el at. (2004) the circumstances leading up to the split were complex, with local, national and international factors intertwined. 3234:

Secretariat members, attended on behalf of the right faction and Basu, Surjeet and Promode Dasgupta on behalf of the left faction. According to Wood (1965), the leftists were ready to accept that Dange as chairman if Namboodiripad was reinstated as general secretary but this offer was rejected by the rightists. Other issues of contention were the rightist demand that the leftists close down their press outlets and the leftist demand that party membership scrutiny be instituted.

2677:'nationalists'. There were several prominent exceptions to this pattern - for example the leftist Ranadive and rightist Joshi were aligned together in 'internationalist' group. The leftist C. Rajeshwara Rao was in 'nationalist' group, although Dange had helped the centrist Ghosh to oust Rao in 1951. And so forth. Per Stern it appeared that CPI leaders involved in mass fronts tended to lean more towards the 'nationalists', with the exception for peasants front. 3837:

prison, the (CPI(M)-aligned) Democratic Conference leaders reorganized their party. A state conference, at which Surjeet participated, was held in Jammu mid-1966. The Jammu meeting decided to set up District Committees across the state, abolishing the position of Provincial Secretaries. The meeting elected Saraf as general secretary of the party and Malik, Sethi, Wani, Nahar Singh and Ved Paul Deep as the remaining members of its State Central Committee.

1882:

economic development and planning policies marked divisions between rightist and leftist trends inside the party. At Palghat, Joshi led a faction that called for a united front with the Indian National Congress. Joshi's grouping gathered about a third of the delegates, according to Namboodiripad. Ranadive represented the opposite extreme at the 1956 Party Congress, 'implacably' opposed to any support to the Indian National Congress.

3560:

proponents of this line argued that it was applicable across the country, creating tensions with the stronger state units. Per Sharma (1978) the 'anti-Congress' line was identified with the CPI left and the 'pro-Congress/anti-extreme-right reaction' line was identified with the CPI right. But there were followers of both positions in all states, meaning each state unit was affected by the power struggle and debates on tactics.

4226:

Leader Konar; as of 1964 the 30 out of the 50 CPI legislators were members of the CPI(Left). Their group also included were six CPI centrists and an independent legislator. Promode Dasgupta became the West Bengal State Committee Secretary of CPI(Left). After the split the CPI(Right) in West Bengal was led by Lahiri and Bhowani Sen. The CPI(Right) retained 12 of the CPI legislators and its legislative group was led by Lahiri.

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the CPI Secretariat (including Namboodiripad) drafted a letter to the communist parties around the world to explain the CPI position on the border conflict. The letter asked the communist parties around the world to pressure the CCP for restraint in the border conflict. Dange travelled to Moscow and to the capitals of other Eastern European countries, to advocate for the CPI position. Before his departure, he met Nehru and

3915:. The leftists also claimed control over the Trivandrum and Allepey District Committees of the party. The rightists had control over the Quilon District Committee. The Trichur and Ernakulam District Committees had not clearly sided with either wing, but the Trichur District Committee reportedly leaned towards the rightists, whilst the Ernakulam District Committee reportedly leaned towards the leftists. 2874:

backing, Dange's line of national democratic front prevailed albeit with modifications. The political resolution and Ghosh's speech were endorsed unanimously. The two alternate drafts where withdrawn, seemingly in exchange for amendments to the main draft (adding anti-Indian National Congress/anti-Nehru wordings). Upon Namboodiripad's suggestion, the party postponed the revision of the party program.

3149:

demanded that the Dange Letters issue be debated first and that Dange should step down from chairing the meeting whilst issue would be discussed. Dange refused to comply, and 12 out of 27 CEC members left the meeting in protest. The nine of the CEC members walking out belonged to the leftist trend (Gopalan, Basavapunniah, Konar, Promode Dasgupta, Sundarayya, Ramamurthi, Venkataraman, Surjeet and

3655:, sided with the CPI(Right). Other key personalities that sided with CPI(Right) in the state included C. Rajeshwara Rao, Ravi Narayana Reddy and N. Rajashekhara Reddy. P. Venkateswarlu would become the Leader of the CPI(Right) group in the Legislative Assembly. The CPI(R) held its state conference in Guntur 18–23 November, which re-elected N. Rajasekhara Reddy as state secretary. 3213:. Of the 32, 7 were from Kerala, 6 from Andhra Pradesh, 6 from West Bengal, 4 from Madras, 4 from Punjab, 2 from Uttar Pradesh, 1 from Rajasthan and 1 from Jammu-Kashmir. Whilst Gupta had earlier resigned from the CPI Secretariat and joined the 9 April 1964 CPI CEC walk-out protest, he stayed with the CPI rightists at this juncture. Furthermore, the publication 6304:

fraternal parties advocating rapprochement between CPI and CPI(M), the two party leaderships met for the first time in Delhi on 13 April 1978, to discuss unity in action on labour, peasants and youth fronts. The 1978 eleventh Party Congress of CPI changed the tactical line of the party, rejecting the authoritarian legacy of the Indira Gandhi government.

3221:

also issued a separate draft of his own. Subsequently, the National Council suspended the 32. Immediately after the suspension of the 32, the National Council dispatched leaders across the country to convince state units to remain loyal. The dissidents were organizing party units across the country, declaring any Dange loyalists expelled from the party.

7031:- became CPI Central Committee member in 1934, CPI general secretary in 1948, in 1950 removed from posts as general secretary and Central Committee member, named Secretary of CPI in Maharashtra in 1955, re-inducted to Central Committee at 1956 Palghat Party Congress, jailed 1962-1966, elected to AITUC general council in 1966, founding president of the 3747:(general strike). Dinkar Mehta took part in mobilizing mill workers to join the strike. After the hartal and strike, Mehta and party leaders were arrested. In their absence the Dange loyalists constituted themselves as the new Gujarat State Secretariat of the party. The Dange-led party headquarters immediately recognized the new State Secretariat. 4143:

the split in the rest of the country. When CPI leaders from Tripura were released from jail in mid-1964 they encountered that the national party had been divided. In the face of the split, the Tripura unit of the party resolved to remain united and neutral until a state level party convention could be held to discuss the future of the party.

1575:

that there was the possibility of moving towards a path of non-capitalist development. The article caused a strong reaction in CPI, and Ghosh publicly protested against it. Following the reaction from CPI the CPSU back-tracked a bit on the topic, but would still pressure the CPI to provide support to Nehru and embrace parliamentary tactics.

3243:

April 1964 walk-out protest only Gupta stayed with the CPI right. In addition to the other eleven CEC members of the 9 April 1964 walk-out protest, the CPI(Left) also counted the CEC member Ranadive, who in jail as of April 1964, among its adherents. 39 out of 107 members of the National Council of the undivided CPI joined the CPI(Left).

3257:

the 422 delegates represented 104,421 party members, i.e. 60% of the total pre-split CPI membership. On the other side, the CPI(Right) claimed to have 107,763 party members arguing that only 30% of the undivided CPI had sided with the CPI(Left). Independent estimates of the size of the memberships of the parties varied widely, with a

2580:(Ladakh) 20–21 October 1959 in which 9 Indian soldiers were killed during a confrontation with the Chinese military. The incident further exposed divisions within CPI. Dange made a statement condemning China, and stated unequivocal support to Nehru in "whatever steps he takes to avert such incidents". Dange's statement was echoed by 2954:. Again, CPI was placed in difficult position. The party chairman Dange and other rightist leaders quickly denounced Chinese action. However, the official CPI statement was delayed for 11 days due to internal discussions. During these 11 days, there were two significant developments in the international sphere - on 25 October 1962 415:, requesting to contest the elections under the name of the Communist Party of India. The ECI refused the petition, as CPI(Left) represented a minority of the parliamentary faction of the undivided CPI. In response the CPI(Left) registered itself as the 'Communist Party of India (Marxist)' with the ECI, and the ECI awarded it the 2836:

received by Mikhail Suslov, who criticized the CPI for its opposition to China on the border issue. At the conference, Ghosh's speech took a conciliatory tone towards both CPSU and CCP, but indicated support for Soviet position in the ideological dispute and criticized the CCP its posture on the Sino-Indian border issue.

518:, held in Calcutta in 1948, there was an abrupt change leadership and political line. The moderate Joshi was replaced by Ranadive as the new general secretary of the party and people's democratic revolution through class struggle and mass upsurge became the new party line. The new party line drew inspiration from the 1909:, which was seen as an affirmation of the peaceful transition line set by the 20th CPSU Congress. The CPI electoral victory in Kerala resulted in the first opposition-run state government in independent India. Namboodiripad was sworn in as Chief Minister. And whilst in the 1952 elections CPI had won 106 seats in the 494:. And as a result, the party was divided on the issue of how to characterize the new political situation after the transfer of power in 1947. Joshi, the party general secretary, argued that Independence was genuine and represented an achievement of the national bourgeoisie. But the two other members of the CPI 3695:. At the meeting disciplinary action were taken against four State Council members; Bhattacharya, Suren Hazarika, Nandeswar Talukdar and Biresh Misra. The four dissidents proceeded to form a State Committee of the CPI(Left), along with some other individuals. Bhattacharya became the State Committee Secretary. 687:

opposition towards him. When Ranadive held the general secretaryship, Joshi and C. Rajeshwara Rao undermined Ranadive's leadership. During 1949-1950 rumours were actively circulated in the party, accusing Dange of being a government agent. Rao, in turn, was undermined by the Ranadive faction during 1950–1953.

4257:, Subhas Bose, Md. Latif, Azizul Haque, Saibal Mitra and others. In December 1964 the CPI(Left) West Bengal State Committee set up a commission to investigate the 'Revolutionary Council', but two out three commission members were arrested soon after its formation. Apart from the Revolutionary Council, 6166:

But the central organization of AITUC remained intact, with CPI(Left)/CPI(M) leaders participating in the AITUC Working Committee meetings and allowing resolutions to be passed unanimously. The CPI(M)/CPI(Right) cohabitation in AITUC would last for six years after the split. CPI(M) began preparing to

3832:

in Jammu Province but boycotted the election in Kashmir Province. During 1963-1964 the party almost entirely dedicated its efforts to try to mobilise the peasantry. By the latter half of 1964, the Democratic Conference sided with the CPI (Left) and became its referent in Jammu-Kashmir. Saraf became a

3619:

Thakurta and Raghuraman (2007) argues that the fact that the majority of the CPI leadership in states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar sided with CPI(Right), which would embark on a long period of decline, would lead to the erosion of left-wing influence in these states. Moreover, the CPI(ML) split a few

2877:

Through Suslov's intervention the party constitution was changed, whereby the number of National Council members increased from 101 to 110 in order to accommodate more leftists. The enlarged National Council included 56 members belonging to the Right, 36 to the Left and 18 aligned with Namboodiripad.

2873:

For the first time the CPSU was represented by a formal delegation at a CPI Party Congress. The Soviet delegate Suslov personally mediated between the groups. Together with Ghosh they managed to get the factions to agree on a policy of 'unity and struggle' towards the Indian government. With Suslov's

2637:

The CPI Secretariat and CEC met in late October 1959, and resolved to accept the McMahon line as the Sino-Indian border. Notably Ghosh in had failed to convince the CCP to commit to de-escalating border tensions during his visit to Peking earlier the same month. A CPI Secretariat statement was issued

2536:

The CPI CEC met in Calcutta in late September 1959. At the Calcutta meeting some parliamentary leaders and regional party leaders from Bombay and Kerala wanted the party to publicly support Nehru's position on the border issue, in particular to reaffirm the McMahon line as the Sino-Indian border. The

336:

According to Sharma (1978) split took place in backdrop of the Sino-Soviet split, the 1962 war and differences on how to assess the economic and political situation India. As a result of the latter, the party failed to articulate a strategic-tactical line of revolution acceptable for both leftist and

309:

Per Nossiter (1982) the Sino-Soviet split had repercussions in CPI, but that the 'fundamental cleavage' in the party predated the rupture between Moscow and Peking. The two key issues debates in CPI in the 1950s, according to him were on one hand the relations with the national bourgeoisie, Nehru and

6249:

Once the CCP had identified Dange as supported by CPSU, they began attacking him ferociously. Whilst the Soviet press opted not to publicize the CPI split, the Chinese press overemphasized it. Regarding the CPI(Left) the CCP was favourably disposed but they felt uncertainties on the alignment of the

3950:

expulsion of the 32 dissident National Council members. A 2-day meeting was convened in Madurai by M.R. Venkataram, gathering forces of the leftist trend of CPI in state. The attendees of this convention established themselves as the state-level unit of the left CPI (i.e. the party later re-baptised

3559:

in Assam) emerging as the challengers. Per Sharma (1978) this trend was particularly strong in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. For the CPI units in these states, the position to align with the Indian National Congress against the 'extreme-right reaction' resonated well. But the

3256:

Gough and Sharma (1973) argues that "the urban elite, most of the intellectual leaders, and the trade union functionaries" sided with the CPI(Right) while "most grassroots leaders who had live links with the masses" sided with the CPI(Left). At the Calcutta Party Congress, the CPI(Left) claimed that

3008:

On 22 November 1962 the Indian government arrested some 1,000 leftists under the Defense of India Ordinance. Most of the detained belonged to the CPI left-wing. Many were held in prison until late 1963. In Kerala, the arrested included five former CPI ministers, among them the centrist Namboodiripad

3000:

reactionaries' had attacked the Soviet Union 1927-1929 and how the Chinese communists had sided with the Soviets against the Chinese reactionaries. Per Dutt, CPI did not appreciate this analogy; neither the comparison between Nehru and the Kuomintang nor in the notion that the Nehru government alone

2936:

However this compromise was inherently unsustainable as Namboodiripad and Dange were strongly opposed to each other. The lack of a defined division of labour between the posts of chairman and general secretariat would increase tensions, as both Dange and Namboodiripad tried to position themselves as

2865:

It had been expected that the Vijayawada Party Congress would be site of confrontation between the CPI factions. The two main factions clashed harshly in the debates. The Right's position was that the Indian National Congress had both progressive and reactionary sections, and that CPI should support

2861:

The Sixth CPI Party Congress was held in Vijayawada in April 1961. In February 1961, ahead of the Vijayawada Party Congress, the CPI National Council endorsed Ghosh's draft political resolution to be presented at the Vijayawada Party Congress, but the National Council also decided to allow a leftist

6275:

sent a message to P. Sundarayya, praising the CPI(M) for its Marxist-Leninist stance, its independent position (a jab at the CPSU and CCP) and sought fraternal relations between the two parties. The emergence of CPI(M) as a major communist party independent from both Moscow and Peking furthered the

6245:

The CPSU openly patronized the Dange faction in the internal dispute in CPI, and Dange in turn was completely loyal to CPSU in its conflict with CCP. According to Ram the split was accelerated by Soviet intervention, as CPSU mistook the leftists as pro-Peking. After the split had occurred, CPSU and

6208:

had been rendered dysfunctional as most of its key leaders and cadres had been jailed. However, by late 1963 and early 1964 most of jailed AIKS leaders and cadres were released from prison. During the 1964 split in CPI, there were efforts to retain AIKS as a united organization. However, there were

6162:

there was strong rivalry between leftist Asrey and rightist S.S. Yusuf, who fought over control of the Suti Mill Mazdoor Sangh (SMMS). When the leftists won control of the SMMS, the rightists launched the rival Kanpur Mazdoor Sabha (KMS). KMS was registered in 1964 with S.C. Kapoor as president and

4241:

Parimal Dasgupta's document was also presented to the leadership at the West Bengal State Conference of the left CPI. Dasgupta and a few other far-left leaders spoke at the conference, demanding the party ought to adopt the class analysis of the Indian state of the 1951 CPI conference. His proposal

3526:

In Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and West Bengal the two largest parties were the Indian National Congress and CPI. In these three states the influence of CPI was growing on the expense of the Indian National Congress, and an 'anti-Congress' line would appear the most electorally opportune choice for CPI.

3321:

The Calcutta Party Congress adopted a new political program. P. Sundarayya was elected general secretary of the party. In total 422 delegates took part in the Calcutta Congress. The Calcutta Party Congress declared "that all those who assembled for the convention are the real representatives of the

3313:

As the CPI(Left) gathered at its Party Congress in Calcutta October–November 1964 and the right CPI held its Party Congress in Bombay in December 1964 the division into two separate parties was cemented. The CPI(Left) Calcutta Party Congress took place 31 October – 7 November 1964, at Tyagraja Hall

3246:

In the Lok Sabha faction its leader Gopalan sided with the CPI(Left) whilst its deputy leader Hirendranath Mukherjee sided with the right CPI. In the Rajya Sabha both the CPI faction leader Gupta and deputy leader M.N Govindan Nair sided with the right CPI. With the 1964 split the CPI(Left) and the

3140:

On 13 March 1964 the CPI Secretariat labelled the documents as a 'deliberate forgery' and accused the CPI leftists of having circulated the documents. The Dange group claimed that the forged documents has been planted in the National Archives by a bourgeois agent. And in response to the controversy

3096:

called on Indian communists to set up a rival organization to the 'Dangeite clique'. The January 1964 CEC meeting (dominated by right-wing) issued a circular to party members to resist attempts by Chinese and Indonesian communist leaders to influence the party. On 27 March 1964 P. Sundarayya and T.

3028:

with lists of leftists, to facilitate the arrests. Per Judge (1992) names of supposedly 'pro-China' party members were provided to the government by indirect means. The arrests aided Dange to strengthen his control over the party organizationally and ideologically. With the leftist leaders in jail,

2844:

The CPI National Council met in January 1961. At the meeting there was a call to withdraw the Meerut resolution, motivated by Suslov's advice in Moscow to revise the anti-China policies of CPI. Ghosh, supported by the right-wing in the National Council, was able to defeat this demand. Following the

2527:

As the central CPI party leadership hadn't confronted the public backlash by issuing a statement unequivocally supporting the Indian government's territorial claims, discontent simmered in the party ranks (in particular among the parliamentary representatives of the party). Initially the dissidents

1574:

made specific reference to India, whereby Nehru and not CPI was described as leading India on path to non-capitalist development, i e. towards socialism. In India, argued Rubinstein, there was a trend towards expansion of the state and co-operative sectors of the economy, which would have indicated

700:

The 3rd Party Congress was held in Madurai between 27 December 1953 and 3 January 1954. 293 delegates participated. At the Madurai Party Congress CPI resolved to continue the path of legal struggles. However, in theory the party still maintained the notion of armed struggle as an option. And whilst

6212:

Among the AIKS grassroots, the majority sided with CPI(M). But the split in the AIKS top leadership was 'somewhat uneven' per Sharma (1978). Its president, Gopalan, went to CPI(M) whilst the general secretary Bhowani Sen sided with CPI(Right). Among key Central Kisan Council members, the ones that

4229:

At the time of the split the CPI(Left) was heterogeneous, with both moderate elements as well as outright pro-Peking tendencies. In West Bengal some of the district conferences of the CPI(Left) became battlegrounds between the most radical elements and the more moderate leadership. At the Calcutta

4225:

In West Bengal most state-level leaders sided with the CPI(Left) in the split. Likewise most of the party rank-and-file and the overwhelming majority of its trade union militants sided with CPI(M). Most of the CPI Legislative Assembly group sided with CPI(Left) including its Leader Basu and Deputy

4142:

than in the rest of India. By late 1962 almost the entire state-level party leadership had been jailed. When the split in CPI occurred in 1964, practically the entire CPI Tripura State Council was lodged at the Hazaribagh Central Jail in Bihar. Party cadres in rural areas were generally unaware of

3568:

Furthermore, Sharma (1978) argues that the sharp discrepancy in influence of CPI in different states at the time could be explained by a demographic and geographic factors. According to his analysis there appeared to exist a correlation between high population density of agrarian areas (i.e. a low

3242:

In the 1964 split 15 out of 27 CEC members sided with the CPI(Right); Dange, Z.A. Ahmed, Gupta, M.N. Govindan Nair, Joshi, N. Rajasekhara Reddy, Bhowani Sen, K. Damodran, Chandra, Josh, Sardesai, Sharma, Bora, C. Rajeshwara Rao and Ram Krishan Patti. Out of the 12 CEC members that had staged the 9

3148:

The CPI CEC met on 9 April 1964. The leftists and centrists wanted to move an agenda point on the Dange Letters. The rightists, in contrast, wanted to move an agenda point on disruptive activities of 'anti-party elements' (i.e. the CPI leftists). As the meeting commenced the leftists and centrists

3080:

During 1963 the CPI left-wing, with Gopalan as one of its key leaders, was building up parallel party structure. And the left-wing was boosted when many of their leaders were released from jail in late 1963. When many of the CPI left-wing leaders were released from jail in 1963, they encountered a

3004:

The 1962 war put the opponents of the pro-Indian National Congress line within CPI in a precarious situation, as they were branded as 'Pro-China'. The group sought to maintain that their opposition to the China policy of the Nehru government was in line with their opposition to the Indian National

2983:

Almost a third of the National Council members had voted against adopting the statement. Many CPI members, especially in West Bengal, opposed to the position of the National Council on the border conflict. Three Secretariat members resigned in protest against the statement, whilst the remainder of

2835:

in Moscow, CPI had to position itself as tensions grew between CCP and CPSU. CPI issued a statement that criticised CCP for 'basically wrong assessment' on situation in India and for not having consulted with CPI. Ghosh led a 5-member CPI delegation at the Moscow conference. The CPI delegation was

2763:

The CPI leftists had accepted Dange as the new leader of the Lok Sabha group. But they did not accept Dange as the tentative successor to Ghosh as the party general secretary. As the Kerala government had been dismissed, Namboodiripad was again available to function as the acting general secretary

2544:

Reportedly Ghosh returned from Moscow in haste to arrive in Calcutta to mediate between the factions. A resolution was adopted which sought to find a balance between the factions in the party, on one hand affirming that CPI would be in the forefront to defend India but also arguing that the crisis

1885:

Per Mohanty (1977) 'he Palghat Congress of the CPI in 1956 put forth the line of peaceful struggle and cooperation with the Nehru government.' The Palghat Party Congress confirmed the legal path of the party, and effectively abandoned the notion of armed struggle The Palghat Party Congress removed

1522:

At the Madurai Party Congress the rightist wing of the party raised opposition to the 1951 party program. The right-wing trend wanted to recognize India as an independent country, and disagreed with the usage of terms like 'semi-colonial' and 'dependent'. The CPI right-wing argued that Nehru stood

674:

The following year the political line was reversed once again. The CPSU instructed CPI to cancel the Telangana struggle. Notably the CPSU had begun to see Nehru as increasingly independent from the US. The party gathered for a convention in Calcutta which changed the party line to opt for peaceful

4101:

Josh emerged as the key leader of CPI(Right). Following the split, CPI(Right) was significantly larger than the CPI(Left) in Punjab, as the latter lacked a strong mass base and lacked support among workers, landless peasants and agricultural labourers. In Punjab most of the industrial workers and

3823:

broke away. In 1960 the majority of the Democratic National Conference re-united with the National Conference, but a small group led by Saraf retained their own party under the name Democratic Conference. Saraf's Democratic Conference aligned with CPI, and Saraf was inducted into the CPI National

3233:

In June 1964 the CPI(Right) offered to lift the suspension of the 32 National Council members, if the leftists dissolve their organizational structures. A last-ditch effort to retain the party united was done on 4 July 1964 at the residence of Gupta. C. Rajeshwara Rao, Adhikari and Gupta, all CPI

3220:

After walking out, the 32 gathered at Gopalan's residence at 4, Windsor Place. The 32 issued an appeal on 14 April 1964, condemning the 'reformist political line' and 'factionalism' of the Dange group. On 15 April 1964 the suspended leftists issued a draft for a new party programme. Namboodiripad

3161:

The CPI National Council met on 11 April 1964. Just as two days earlier, the stage was set for a dispute about the Dange Letters and Dange's role. Dange again refused to vacate his chair during a debate on the letters, and 32 out of the 65 attending National Council members stormed out in protest

2881:

However, in the end the Vijayawada Party Congress was inconclusive and didn't resolve the tensions in the party. The rightists had achieved a majority, but it was a very slim one. Once the new Secretariat was constituted, was Namboodiripad excluded from it. The five members of the post-Vijayawada

2465:

The factional conflicts were temporary solved at the 5th Party Congress, held in Amritsar in 1958. Per Kochanek and Hardgrave (2007) the Amritsar thesis 'set forth the nationalist credentials of the CPI'. The Amritsar Party Congress adopted possibility of peaceful transition to socialism, both in

9206: 3606:

Karat also notes that since after the 1964 split CPI tended to be stronger than CPI(M) in Hindi-speaking states or pro-Hindi states (he counted Gujarat, Maharashtra and Orissa among these states), whilst CPI(M) tended to be stronger than CPI in states with a legacy of strong anti-Hindi movements

3522:

The split in CPI had a lot of regional variations. When split finally occurred in April 1964 CPI had most of its strength concentrated in five states - Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Madras, Punjab and West Bengal. Per Sharma (1978) the influence of the party in other states ranged between marginal and

3037:

The rightists also seized the opportunity of the leftists' absence to push for new resolutions at the February 1963 CPI National Council meeting. At this point out of 108 living National Council members, 48 were in prison or underground. A February 1963 National Council statement again denounced

2869:

The question of election of the party leadership involved complexities regarding the party hierarchy. Namboodiripad was again the identified the default acting general secretary but Dange had a strong position as the Lok Sabha leader of the party. And the leftists threatened to withdraw from the

2680:

Stern's study categorizes the positions on the border issue of 34 prominent CPI politicians based on press citations. In Stern's study Dange (Maharashtra), Sardesai (Maharashtra), C. Rajeshwara Rao (Andhra Pradesh), Bhowani Sen (West Bengal), Gopalan (Kerala), Mirajkar (Maharashtra), Jai Bahadur

1923:

The outcome of the 1957 elections would impact the roles of Dange and Namboodiripad within the party hierarchy. During the period of 1953-1956 Namboodiripad was seen as the number two in the party, and he was accepted by all factions as the default acting general secretary during Ghosh's medical

6225:

membership data of state units in order to increase their influence in the organization. The dispute led to a walk-out from the Central Kisan Council. A few weeks later the CPI faction would constitute a parallel All India Kisan Sabha of its own, by holding an 'All India Kisan Sabha session' at

3304:

The Tenali convention elected an organising committee for the Calcutta Party Congress - consisting of the 32 dissident CPI National Council members as well S.S. Srivastava (Bihar), Bhattacharya (Assam), S.Y. Kolhatkar (Maharashtra), Banamali Das (Orissa) and 'a comrade from Karnatak'. After the

2653:

The resolution of the Meerut meeting sought to reconcile both sides inside the party. All sectors in the party, except the 'internationalist' hardliners in West Bengal, agreed on the agreed with the 'nationalist' position for McMahon line as basis for negotiations. But the Meerut meeting didn't

2473:

The Amritsar Party Congress changed the central leadership structure; the Central Committee and Politburo were replaced by three-tier system with a Secretariat, a Central Executive Committee (CEC) and a 101-member National Council - scrapping the traditional communist nomenclature for bourgeois

2469:

As such, the Party Congress stated that CPI 'strives to achieve full Democracy and Socialism by peaceful means. It considers that by developing a powerful mass movement, by winning a majority in Parliament, and by backing it with mass sanctions, the working class and its allies can overcome the

317:

Per Adamson (1966) the split in 1964 represented a mere formalization of profound and longstanding cleavages within the Communist Party of India. Wood (1965) states that the split in CPI was in many ways atypical for the world communist movement, and shouldn't be reduced to just a confrontation

6303:

and suffered a backlash when Gandhi was defeated in the 1977 elections. CPI(M), by contrast, emerged victorious in 1977 state assembly elections in West Bengal and Tripura. A new factional conflict in the rump CPI emerged between 1978 and 1981. After the 1977 elections, and with CPSU and other

6141:

The 1964 CPI split had a profound effect on the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC). In 1957 Dange, as the AITUC general secretary, had outlined a two pronged approach for 'responsible' unionism - helping build the national economy whilst defending working class interests. The CPI rightists

3937:

had maintained a diplomatic role in the party all through 1951 to 1964. Generally the Tamil communists had been strong supporters of Ghosh's centrist bloc. The leftist trend in the state led by P. Ramamurthi (also known as the 'Madurai group') emerged only after 1961 Vijayawada Party Congress,

3836:

The Dange-led CPI sent Z.A. Ahmed to visit Jammu-Kashmir on multiple occasions, to organize a split in the Democratic Conference and set up a unit of the right CPI there. Many Democratic Conference members, especially in Kashmir Province, broke away and joined the right CPI. Once released from

2794:

In September 1960, following Khruschev's statements in Bucharest, the CPI National Council issued a resolution stating that "China has lost the sympathy of millions of Indians in return for a few miles of worthless territory", whilst also including criticisms of Indian government postures. The

3765:

CPI established a party organization in Himachal Pradesh in 1953, as a district unit of the Punjab state unit of the party. The party was a minor force in Himachal politics, limited to a few pockets of influence among middle and small land owners, landless agricultural workers, apple-growers,

1881:

in April 1956, was influenced by the 20th CPSU Congress, i.e. the policies of peaceful co-existence between socialist and imperialist camps and start of de-Stalinization. At the congress discussions on themes such as the nature of Indian independence, the class character of Indian government,

6224:

By 1967 AIKS was divided into two parallel organizations, as a consequence of the split in the party. At the 28 August 1967 Central Kisan Council meeting in Madurai, differences arose over the membership figures. The CPI(M) faction in AIKS accused the CPI faction of presenting false inflated

3833:

CPI(Left) Central Committee member. The state government responded to the pledge of allegiance of the Democratic Conference to the supposedly 'pro-China' CPI(Left) by arresting Saraf, Sethi, Malik and the Kisan Sabha leader Abdul Kabir Wani. The four leaders remained in jail until June 1966.

3296:

At the Tenali convention a Bengal-based pro-CCP group, representing one of the most radical streams of the CPI left-wing, presented a draft program proposal of their own. These radicals, represented by Suniti Kumar Ghosh, criticised the draft program proposal prepared by M. Basavapunniah for

3144:

In the atmosphere of increased tensions, the group around Dange portrayed the anti-Dange tirade as a destructive move, effectively equating criticism of the chairman with criticism of the party. The rightists began organizing disciplinary processes against leftists, the leftists responded by

2786:

Khruschev called the Chinese actions in the Sino-Indian border conflict a 'stab in the back' against the communist movement in the 'Afro-Asian world'. CPI was represented at Bucharest by M. Basavapunnaiah and Gupta. The Indian delegation took a neutral stand in the Sino-Soviet dispute at the

6387:

responded by issuing an open letter to party members arguing that the split was a disaster for the Indian left movement and that CPI(M) should have prioritized the 75th Kerala party foundation celebration over the 50th split anniversary, inviting a rebuttal from the CPI(M). CPI has proposed

3576:

Sharma found correlation between literacy levels in the different states and strength of CPI, with Kerala having the highest adult literacy levels of the Indian states (38.9%) and Madhya Pradesh the lowest (6.7%). On the other hand, Sharma's study found no indication that caste or religious

3542:

But in the rest of the country the role of CPI was markedly different. CPI was not in a position to defeat the Indian National Congress and claim a stake in forming a state-level government. But the political monopoly of the Indian National Congress was eroding, with right-wing parties like

2924:

In April 1962 the CPI National Council met to decide on how to resolve the general secretary vacancy. There were sharp contradictions at the meeting. The right-wing insisted on Dange as new general secretary, the left-wing refused to accept him. In the end the CPI National Council reached a

2697:(Uttar Pradesh) and Rustom Satin (Uttar Pradesh) were exclusively designated as 'nationalists' (with a declining order of citations - Dange having 31 citations, Satin 1 citation). CPI leaders exclusively designated as 'internationalists' in Stern's study were P. Sundarayya (Andhra Pradesh), 2474:

terminology. By instituting a numerically large National Council, the rightists could strengthen their position as hard-line elements would be diluted. In the Party Congress documents, Dange was listed as no. 2 in the newly elected party leadership whilst Namboodiripad was listed as no. 15.

686:

CPI was heavily factionalized during the years of 1947–1953. The top leadership housed plenty of internal antagonisms; there differences on ideological, strategic and tactical issues but also personal rivalries. During Joshi's period as general secretary, the group around Ranadive organized

2676:

Per Stern there was some correlation between the leftist trend in the party and 'internationalist' posture on the border issue and between the rightist trend and 'nationalist' group, but that it wasn't possible to equate the leftists with the 'internationalists' nor the rightists with the

2528:

managed to remain within the limits of party discipline, but later their dissent turned into an open rebellion. The parliamentary representatives feared that the advances of the party in the 1957 elections would be reverted if the party appeared as siding with China in the border dispute.

4253:, asked why no portrait had been raised of Mao along the portraits of other communist stalwarts. His intervention met with applause from the delegates of the Party Congress. In late 1964 parts of the Bengali far left regrouped as the 'Revolutionary Council', including Parimal Dasgupta, 3595:

to Indian conditions. The 1942 CPI resolution stated that the "free India of tomorrow would be a federation or union of autonomous states of the various nationalities such as Pathans, Hindustanis, Rajasthanis, Gujeratis, Bengalis, Assamese, Beharies, Oriyas, Andhras, Tamils, Karnatiks,

2885:

By contrast to the role played by the Soviet delegation, there was no Chinese delegation at Vijayawada. According to Rai (1990), the Sino-Soviet split played no prominent role in the Vijayawada Party Congress, and that no section within CPI looked for political guidance from the CCP.

406:

After the emergence of two separate parties in 1964, some authors began using the names 'CPI(Right)'/'Right Communist Party' or 'CPI(Left)'/'Left Communist Party'. Both parties insisted that they were the authentic CPI, and simply called themselves 'CPI'. The CPI(Left) approached the

394:

Following the 11 April 1964 CPI National Council meeting the centrist trend was divided into a 'left-centrist' trend, led by Namboodiripad and Basu, and a 'right-centrist' trend led by Gupta. The former sided with the leftists in the split, the latter with the rightist. But per the

2913:

Ghosh died in January 1962, and his death put the question on party leadership to the forefront. Both Dange and Namboodiripad vied for post as general secretary. Effectively campaigning for their respective candidatures, the two leaders made sure to author several articles for the

3713:

In Bihar, most of the party organization and leadership sided with the CPI(Right). Only one CPI State Executive member sided with the CPI(Left). Some 19% of the CPI members went to the CPI(Left). Between 1964 and 1972, CPI(M) membership in Bihar declined from 2,698 to 2,386.

3128:, Dange sought to negotiate terms of his release from jail. Per Sharma (1978) the letters, if authentic, would have indicated that Dange had "offered to act as an agent of the British government in return for remission of his jail sentence". The anti-communist Bombay weekly 3467:

A nine-member Politburo was formed, consisting of P. Sundarayya, Namboodiripad, P. Ramamurthi, Promode Dasgupta, M. Basavapunniah, Gopalan, Surjeet, Basu and Ranadive. A Central Control Commission was elected, consisting of Abdul Halim, Dr. Bhag Singh and C. Venkatraman.

314:(CPSU) and the shifts in CPSU policies (improved Soviet-Nehru relations and peaceful transition to socialism) Furthermore, Nossiter affirms that the Sino-Indian border issue led to the enmeshment of the preexisting internal divisions in CPI and the Sino-Soviet Split. 9520:. As of 1987, Daji was part of the 9-member Central Executive Committee of CPI. As of 1989 Daji was a member of a number of leadership bodies of CPI; Trade Union Department, the committee for the People's Publishing House and the Lawyers' Committee in Madhya Pradesh. 3273:

in July 1964. 146 delegates, 20 of whom represented Kerala, gathered at the Tenali convention held 7–11 July 1964. The delegates claimed to represent some 100,000 party members. The Tenali convention formalized the constitution of the CPI(Left) as a separate party.

3141:

two of Dange's associates, Renu Chakravarty and 'Ferishta' (possibly referring to Chakravarty's husband, Nikhilnath Chakravarty) argued that the letters were forged, since they carried the spelling 'Shripat' whereas Dange had always written his name as 'Shirpad'.

234:. The split had a lot of regional variations. It also impacted other organizations, such as trade union and peasant movements. The split has been studied extensively by scholars, who have sought to analyze the various domestic and international factors involved. 2870:

Party Congress unless they gained more representation in the central leadership bodies. The leftists also demanded that some rightist be excluded from the new CEC. Neither leftists nor rightist wanted to make any concessions on the question of party leadership.

6195:

could not have possibly done a greater damage to the cause of the working class than what the leadership has done now". CITU had a minor role in the trade union movement during its early period - it gathered some 35,000 members, mainly in smaller industries.

2980:, which took an unequivocally 'nationalist' position on the border conflict. The statement branded China as the aggressor, rejected Chinese territorial claims and voiced support for the Nehru government to purchase armaments to confront the Chinese military. 3038:

Chinese 'aggression' and stated that CCP had violated the principles of Marxism-Leninism. Furthermore, Dange presented a resolution on the Sino-Soviet rift and the reorganization of the West Bengal and Punjab units of the party. According to the publication

522:. However the attempt to organize a mass upsurge failed and the party leaders were either jailed or forced to go underground. Between 1949 and 1951 factional conflict virtually paralyzed the party. By mid-1949 Andhra communists had begun advocating that a ' 4014:

sided with the CPI(Right) in the 1964 split. The CPI(M) leader Chattradhari had stayed with the rightists in 1964, and was expelled from CPI much later. After the split the CPI(Right) and CPI(M) state units adopted different interpretations of the role of

11932: 2545:

was being aggravated by Indian reactionaries. The resolution did not affirm the McMahon line as the border between the two countries. Soon after the Calcutta meeting, a five-member delegation led by Ghosh left for Peking to attend the celebrations of the

6250:

new Indian party. When the Government of India ordered the arrest of CPI(Left) cadres on 30 December 1964 (including P. Sundarayya, M. Basavapunniah, Gopalan and P. Ramamurthi), the CCP condemned the arrest and hailed the CPI(Left) as 'revolutionaries'.

3081:

situation where the Dange group had excluded them from their leadership functions. The leftists responded by grouping together and continued building their own parallel party structures. Rightists decried these moves as violations of party discipline.

3777:

obtained 22,173 votes (2.89% of the total votes in the state, 16.76% in the constituencies contested). Most of the party organization in Himachal Pradesh had sided with the CPI right in the 1964 split. The founding leader of CPI in Himachal Pradesh,

3882:

and C. Achutha Menon stayed with CPI. The rightists had a 2/3 majority in both the CPI Kerala State Council and the CPI legislative faction (19 out of 30 assembly members sided with CPI(Right), including the Deputy Leader of the CPI group in the

6382:

The 1964 split remains a bone of contention between CPI and CPI(M), even though the parties are no longer political enemies. In 2014, as CPI(M) announced plans to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the split, CPI Kerala State Council Secretary

4217:

the Leftists, who had the support from most of the party organization. They were opposed to the CPSU and the central CPI leadership and espoused a militant revolutionary line with inspiration from Mao. Their leaders were Promode Dasgupta and

4102:

agricultural labourers sided with CPI in the split, whilst a middle-peasant element sided with CPI(M). CPI(Left) had pockets of support in Mohindergarh and Karnal. Nevertheless, both parties remained overwhelmingly based among the peasantry.

2972:

insisted that the Soviet Union must abandon its friendly relations with the Nehru government. Following this brief interlude the Soviet Union would support the Indian side in the war, boosting Dange position in the conflict within the party.

353:

Different commentators use different ways to describe the factions within CPI in the lead-up to the split. Sharma (1978), for example, portrays a division into in two factions before the split, leftists and rightists. Per his account Dange,

3782:, remained in CPI, and led the party in the state as the Himachal Pradesh State Council Secretary until his death in 2001. CPI would for the most part support the Indian National Congress state governments in the years following the split. 3132:

published the letters on 7 March 1964. The letters caused an outcry in the party, and the CPI leftists and some centrists called for an inquiry into the authenticity of the documents. S.S. Mirajkar, who had been tried and sentenced in the

2633:

Khrushchev expressed regret over the Ladakh incident and called for negotiations between India and China. Khruschev's statement emboldened the CPI rightists to call for revising the Calcutta CEC resolution and condemn the Chinese actions.

2487:, which CPI lost, Namboodiripad affirmed that the party would act as a constructive legislative opposition party but emphasized that the 1959 ousting proved that the Indian National Congress would never allow a peaceful handover of power. 1561: 2882:

Secretariat were Dange, Z.A. Ahmad, M.N. Govindan Nair, Sharma and Gupta. Around this period there was a move to create a new centre around Gupta, which would prioritize revolutionary struggle but not accepting CCP positions completely.

4019:- the CPI Manipur unit maintained that Irabot had favoured integration of a free, socialist Manipur in a free, socialist India, whilst the CPI(M) Manipur state unit would argue that Irabot had favoured complete independence from India. 3938:

previously P. Ramamurthi had been more of a centrist over even rightist in the ideological disputes within the party. The Madras State leftists in CPI National Council were P. Ramamurthi, M.R. Venkataraman, K. Ramani and N. Sankaraiah.

3903:

in the midst of the split, the leftists controlled the Kerala Karshaka Sangham (the state unit of the All India Kisan Sabha) and agricultural workers' movements - organizations that influenced most CPI District Committees in the state.

3941:

On 12 April 1964, i.e. the day after the walk-out at the National Council meeting, the leftist grouping in the CPI Madurai District Council (representing 43 members out of 80 members of the Madurai District Council) held a meeting in

2878:

It was agreed that the election for a new CEC and Secretariat would be deferred for three months and decided by the National Council. The list of elected leaders had Ghosh's name mentioned first, Dange second and Namboodiripad third.

3611:

in the wake of the split, the right-wing CPI sought to emphasize Hindi language to gain patriotic credentials. The CPI(M) on the other hand, whilst maintaining the notion the multinational character of India, removed support for the

3224:

Among those National Council members that remained in CPI (or the CPI(Right) as it became known) there was animosity between followers of Dange, Joshi and Gupta. Both Joshi and Gupta had previously attacked Dange on many occasions.

3898:

back to Kerala to mobilize support for the rightist party leadership. But Namboodiripad and Gopalan had already built up a strong network among the rank and file. Whilst the rightists retained dominance over the Kerala unit of the

2764:

during Ghosh's absences. During the November 1959 CEC and May 1960 National Council meetings, when the issue of Ghosh's medical leaves was discussed, the leftists opposed Dange as being designated as the acting general secretary.

8523: 4045:

some key trade union leaders joined CPI (Left). CPI(Right) built up its state unit from scratch during years following the split, whereas the CPI(M) state unit was plagued with factionalism and went into a period of decline.

2482:

Whilst forming the Kerala state government in 1957 had strengthened the argument for parliamentary politics, the 1959 ousting of the Namboodiripad cabinet refueled debates inside the party on tactics and strategy. After the

477:

Namboodiripad, himself one of the main protagonists in the split, argued that the split had its roots with the transfer of power in 1947 as different leaders developed different views on the new situation. On the eve of the

386:

were leftist leaders. Sharma notes that Gupta vacillated, not taking a clear stand for neither side. Writers like Crouch (1966) and Mallick (1994) describes three factions; leftists, centrists and rightists. The publication

6142:

managed to retain control of AITUC after split, to a large extent due to the personal following Dange had built up within the organization he was leading since 20 years. Prominent AITUC leaders that sided with Dange were

3322:

Communist movement. The Dange group does not have any right to call itself the Communist Party of India." The Calcutta Party Congress adopted a class analysis of the character of the Indian state, that claimed the Indian

2991:

According to Dutt (1971) it appeared that the CCP had expected on that CPI would support its actions in the border conflict, seeing it as confrontation between a socialist state and a non-socialist state. An editorial in

333:, improved Soviet relations with Nehru government and the 1962 Sino-Indian war were factors in the split, the most important factor was the domestic situation, i.e. the stance of CPI towards the Indian National Congress. 4168:

Most of the Tripura cadres joined CPI(M), as they followed Dasrath Deb, Biren Dutta and Nripen Chakraborty in the split. Notably, the main base of the party was tribal and Deb was the foremost leader of their community.

6149:

Unity in AITUC became strained after CPI split in 1964. The split in the party had repercussions in individual AITUC unions, and parallel unions surged in some locations as leftists sought to confront the rightists. At

4744: 3891:. But whilst most of the top leaders in the state sided with CPI, most of the party cadres sided with CPI(M). In the case of T.V. Thomas and K.R. Gowri Amma, the party split placed the two spouses in opposing factions. 701:

the Madurai Party Congress CPI had officially rejected 'Maoist' strategy for revolution in India, a move directly related to Soviet pressure on the party, parts of the party remained inspired by the line of the CCP.

2894:

In November 1961 Nehru issued a new statement alleging further Chinese incursions. Ghosh issued a statement, calling on Chinese to stop such acts and take actions to avoid such situations in the future. In response

17624: 3091:

In January 1964 the leader of CPI in Madras P. Ramamurthi resigned in protest against the decision to support the Indian National Congress in municipal elections. In the same month the Indonesian communist leader

6174:

The split in AITUC finally occurred in May 1970, as CPI(M) leaders at a 28 May 1970 Calcutta rally called for a rupture with the 'revisionists' and 'class collaborators' in the labour movement. CPI(M) set up the

3848:(in which the Democratic Conference contested five seats in Kashmir Province), the party would move towards more radical positions. Saraf was excluded from the CPI(M) Central Committee for voicing support to the 2740:

Basu is described as 'internationalist' (7 citations) and 'centrist' (1 citation). However, Stern notes that Basu voiced support for the Indian government military policy in October 1962, before National Council

9112:

1950-1954, Chairman of Foreign Affairs Commission of the Supreme Soviet from 1954, from 1952 again secretary of the Central Committee and a member of the CPSU Presidium (later Politburo), seen as the CPSU chief

2778:

published the article 'Long Live Leninism!', which sharply attacked CPSU in ideological terms. The tensions between CCP and CPSU further escalated in June 1960, as conferences were held in Peking and Bucharest.

229:

broke out in 1962 Dange's opponents within CPI were jailed, but when they were released they sought to challenge his leadership. In 1964 the party was finally divided into two, with the left faction forming the

7805: 3523:

negligible. The sharp discrepancies in strength of state units fueled the rifts within the party, as differently influential state units tended to prefer different approaches to tactics and alliance-building.

8153:

and became a peasant organiser there. He was one of the nine founding members of the Tamilnad unit of CPI. He played an important role in the Tamil peasant movement from 1935 onward, in spite of not knowing

6307:

In reaction to the CPI(M) electoral advances a new leftist vs. rightist confrontation emerged within CPI. Party leaders like the CPI general secretary C. Rajeshwar Rao, Rajashekhar Reddy (Andhra Pradesh),

3153:), whilst three belonged to the centrist trend (Namboodiripad, Basu and Gupta). Per Mallick (1994), Dange pushed the centrists into the leftist fold by refusing to compromise regarding the meeting agenda. 7444:. Member of the Calcutta District Committee of CPI, and a member of the first CPI Central Committee formed in 1933. Secretary of Bengal Provincial Committee in 1948. Politburo Member 1951-1956. Member of 4205:

According to Roy (1975) three distinct factions had crystallized in the CPI unit in West Bengal in the years leading up to 1964, these three groupings had existed in the party in Bengal since the 1930s;

5797: 5276: 209:. The split was the culmination of decades of tensions and factional infighting. When India became independent in 1947, differences arose of how to adapt to the new situation. As relations between the 6949:

1967-1968, 1969-1970, Member of National Council Central Committee of CPI 1958-1964, Member of Central Committee CPI(M) from its foundation until his death. He was sentenced for 6 years imprisoned in

3824:

Council. Krishen Dev Sethi was the Jammu Province Secretary of the Democratic Conference, Ghulam Mohammed Malik its Kashmir Province Secretary. In mid-1960 the Democratic Conference held a meeting in

526:' strategy for revolution was apt for India, based on their experience from the Telangana armed struggle. In 1950 Ranadive was deposed from his role as general secretary, and the Andhra cadres led by 7359: 6299:

In the years following the split, CPI(M) emerged as the larger and more dynamic of the two parties. The CPI(Right), later generally known as just 'CPI', supported the Indira Gandhi government during

8034: 6167:

build its own labour front around 1968. The delay in split in AITUC was the result of the weakness of CPI(M) in trade union movement. The CPI(M) Politburo called for a boycott of the January 1970

2783: 8158:

upon his arrival in the region. As of 1935 he was the secretary of the Congress Socialist Party in Madras. B. Srinivasa Rao was jailed for having distributed leaflets calling for boycott to the

6253:

The CPI(Left) would come to adopt a policy of equidistance between the CPSU and the CCP, and the pro-CCP insurrectionist wing broke away from the CPI(M) in 1968. The insurrectionists formed the

2795:

resolution caused resentment among sections of the party - the West Bengal unit stated that National Council resolution appeased Indian chauvinism and the Punjab unit called for its withdrawal.

1927:

Furthermore, the Kerala election victory caused party to impose curbs on militant mass movements across the country, leading to resentment in party ranks both in Kerala and other states. At the

12570: 10407: 3585:

During the pre-Independence development of CPI, a time when the party was debating on how to relate to the role of the national bourgeoisie, the struggle against British colonial rule and the

683:

was a compromise candidate who was accepted by all factions in the party. But in the years to come Ghosh would frequently be absent on medical leave, and factional rivalries would re-emerge.

11260: 3607:(Kerala, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu). This dynamic led CPI to be more favourable to the role of Hindi as the national language whilst CPI(M) downplayed its importance. Being more rooted in the 2576:

As Ghosh returned to Delhi, he affirmed to the Indian press that in conversations with Chinese leaders in Peking the latter had committed to a peaceful resolution of the border issue. But a

3958:

As the Tillers Association and Agricultural Labourers Union became controlled by the CPI(Right), the CPI(Left) founded the Tamil Nadu Tillers Association as a mass organization of its own.

2731:

Gupta described as 'nationalist' (1 citation), 'internationalist' (2 citations) and 'centrist' (1 citation). However per Stern, Gupta was 'nationalist' compared to rest of West Bengal unit.

3535:

in Madras). CPI units were divided on whether to align with the Indian National Congress against the regional party, or align with the regional party against the Indian National Congress.

2654:

resolve the dispute in the party, the West Bengal communists maintained their positions whilst the Maharashtra communists refused to endorse the censuring of Dange, Mirajkar and Sardesai.

9271: 8533:- Joined CPI in 1938, elected CPI secretary in Andhra Pradesh in 1961, re-elected CPI Andhra Pradesh secretary in November 1964, in 1971 secretary of the CPI National Council. Brother of 8271: 7617:

in 1941. Secretary of CPI Delhi unit 1944-1971. He was elected to the CPI National Council in 1958. He joined the CPI National Executive in 1974, and the CPI National Secretariat in 1982.

6213:

sided with CPI(M) included Lyallpuri, Parulekar, Konar, C.H. Kanaran and N. Prasad Rao. In the CPI(Right) faction, in the Central Kisan Council key leaders included Manali C. Kandaswami,

2968:

responded to the Soviet olive branch by denouncing Nehru as an imperialist agent and insulted Dange by labeling him as a 'self-styled Marxist-Leninist' who followed Nehru's instructions.

12707: 8747: 7405:. From 1933 onwards he led the 'Official Group' faction in CPI in Punjab. He served as secretary of the Punjab unit of CPI 1942-1943. Editor of the CPI Punjabi-language daily newspaper 6474:, argued for support to the Nehru government on Sino-Indian border conflict, became CPI chairman in 1962, continued as leader of CPI(Right) after 1964 split, expelled from CPI in 1981. 3647:, 31 sided with CPI(Right) But both the Leader of the CPI assembly group, P. Sundarayya, and the Deputy Leader, T. Nagi Reddy, sided with CPI(Left). The Leader of the CPI group in the 679:. The 1951 convention restructured the Central Committee of the party, reducing its membership from 31 (as elected at the 2nd Party Congress) to 21. A new general secretary was named. 8030: 3766:

employees and workers Whilst not having a separate state party unit, CPI managed to articulate demands for retaining statehood for Himachal Pradesh and expanding the state territory.

3666: 9201: 6118: 6209:

tensions between the CPI(M) and CPI factions within AIKS, per Surjeet (1995) a mayor source of tension was the rejection of the rightists to demand release of jailed AIKS leaders.

6171:

session of AITUC. AITUC President Mirajkar refused to obey the instruction of the CPI(M) Politburo, he presided over the Guntur session and was subsequently expelled from CPI(M).

2712:

The remaining 9 CPI leaders covered by Stern's study appear in more than one category on the border issue, conveying the prevailing confusion and fluid nature of the controversy;

3589:, it sought guidance in Marxist-Leninist canon. In 1942 Adhikari authored a resolution, which became the party line on the national question, which sought to apply Stalin's work 2901:

carried an editorial attacking Ghosh; stating that he 'trailed behind Nehru' and that he had not bothered to get the facts of the situation before making a public statement. The

3217:

claimed that at least ten 'leftists' had remained in the National Council meeting to the end, counting among them Dinkar Mehta (Gujarat), Josh (Punjab) and Y.D. Sharma (Delhi).

310:

the Indian National Congress and on the other hand the possibilities to work within the limits of the Indian constitution. These differences were compounded by close links with

17751: 2504:, CPI criticized the Nehru government for being biased in favour of the rebellion. Few months later, in August 1959 Nehru made a statement claiming Chinese troops had entered 6254: 3114:

After years of tensions inside the party, the last straw were the so-called 'Dange Letters'. The letters were encountered by Dwijen Nandi, a CPI leftist and journalist for

3860:

faction led by Sethi disowned the CPI(ML) and returned to the CPI(M) fold. Again Surjeet was acting as the link between the CPI(M) centre and its followers in the state.

3333:

The CPI(Left) claimed that 14 out of 19 state units of CPI had joined the Calcutta Party Congress. No fraternal delegations were present at the Calcutta Party Congress.

2832: 1928: 486:. Under Joshi's tenure as CPI general secretary legal struggles was the main tactical line of the party but the party also led militant mass struggles, most notably the 319: 12086: 12740: 17446:

Las Luchas campesinas y obreras frente a los desafíos del siglo XXI: el porvenir de las sociedades campesinas y la reconstrucción del frente unido de los trabajadores

7290: 2808: 7660:

1957-1960, Member of the Legislative Council of the Bombay State 1958-1960., CPI(M) Central Committee member in 1964., Gujarat State Committee Secretary of CPI(M),

2750:

According to Singh (1994) the split can be divided into three stages; before the 1962 war, the 1962–1964 split and the consolidation of the two parties 1964–1967.

1539: 6246:

other communist parties continued to support the CPI(Right) although the CPSU occasionally made efforts to promote reconciliation between the two Indian parties.

6269: 3662:

most leaders and cadres sided with CPI(Right), except Yella Reddy. However, Yella Reddy switched from CPI(Left) to CPI(Right) only three months after the split.

2186: 8518: 8266:(GKU) 1937-1942, general secretary GKU 1942-1951, expelled from CPI in 1950, readmitted as party member, Member of CPI Central Committee 1953-1956, elected to 6328:(Bihar) formed a leftist bloc that advocated cooperation with CPI(M). Their opponents, the right-wing tendency opposed to reconciliation with CPI(M) included 2546: 4098:

in districts like Bhatinda, Sangrur, Ferozepur and Patiala, stayed in CPI. Notably the 'Red Communists' were strongly opposed to the leadership of Surjeet.

3773:

it managed to recover politically, increasing its number of Legislative Assembly seats from one in 1962 to two in 1967. The eleven candidates of CPI in the

2964:) and voiced support to China against India, calling for repudiation of McMahon Line and urging restraint among Indian progressives. But on 27 October 1962 2862:

alternative document (authored by Ranadive) and a document written by Namboodiripad (criticizing both the leftist and rightist positions) to be circulated.

7800: 4830: 4826: 3845: 1556: 4146:

Whilst Tripura party leaders had agreed on neutrality, it was understood that Aghore Devbarma, Atikul Islam and Jhunu Das were close to the right CPI and

3269:

The Namboodiripad and the leftists campaigned in party organizations and within mass organizations across the country, mobilizing for party convention in

4748: 3955:

April 27–29, 1964 to reorganise their party state-level unit. Manali C. Kandaswami and N.C. Krishanan emerged as leaders of the CPI(Right) in the state.

3774: 3769:

In April 1961 a proper CPI state unit was formed in the state. The 1964 split affected the small party organization adversely, but as CPI supported the

247:

Many scholarly and journalistic works have been dedicated to the split. Scholars that have studied the split include Overstreet and Windmiller, Gelman (

7113:, general secretary CPI 1950-1951, June–December 1964 Secretary of the National Council of CPI, CPI general secretary December 1964-1990. Received the 9370:

1962-1967, elected secretary of the Himachal Pradesh State Committee in 1978, later president of Himachal Pradesh Kisan Sabha, died in the late 1990s.

3060:

revisionist' and called for support to the left-wing within CPI. Dange replied to the CCP comment some six weeks later, in a 30,000 word editorial in

5010: 5006: 4356: 4352: 1889:

In the list of the newly elected Central Committee Ghosh, Namboodiripad and Dange occupied the top three slots, followed by Ranadive, Joshi and Rao.

7534:

1962-1967, 1974-1977. As of the mid-1970s he served as the President of the Uttar Pradesh Trade Union Congress. He served as vice president of the

6946: 5883: 5879: 3599:

But with the shifts in general political line, there were also shifts on how to relate to the national questions and language issues. According to

391:

used the labels 'Rucos' ('Russian Communists'), 'Chicos' ('Chinese Communists') and 'Cencos' ('Centrist Communists') to identity the CPI factions.

13248:

Stern, Robert W. "The Sino-Indian Border Controversy and the Communist Party of India." The Journal of Politics, vol. 27, no. 1, 1965, pp. 66–86.

12139: 3887:

C. Achutha Menon). Among the leaders that went with CPI(M), the most prominent were Namboodiripad (CPI group leader in the assembly), Gopalan and

4037:

During the 1964 split the party was divided evenly between the two parties, but much of top leadership in Mysore State sided with CPI(Left). In

17768: 8742: 8320: 6376: 5973: 5969: 5549: 5545: 5190: 5186: 2181: 14097:

Bose, Shanti Shekar; A Brief Note on the Contents of Documents of the Communist Movement in India. Kolkata: 2005, National Book Agency, p. 37.

4221:

the Centrists, led by Basu and Bhupesh Gupta. They were focused on electoral politics and sought to mediate between the factions in the party.

3318:. Several key leaders of the CPI(Left) were arrested by the West Bengal state government a few days before the opening of the Party Congress. 8315: 8296: 4187:

During the split Kali Shanker Shukla sided with the CPI(Right) whilst Shanker Dayal Tewari emerged as the leader of CPI(Left) in the state.

8301: 7213:/National Council 1933-1948, 1950-1964, CPI(M) Central Committee 1964-1973, jailed for over 20 years and spent over 8 years in underground. 5711: 5707: 3116: 515: 12119: 11816: 6264:

Whilst the CPI(M) took an independent position towards both Moscow and Peking, it sought to break out of its international isolation. The

4094:

Prior to 1964, the Punjab unit of CPI was heavily factionalized. In the split the faction of 'Red Communists', i.e. former members of the

2853:. Dasgupta's document accused Ghosh of surrender to imperialist and bourgeois interests, and called on CPI to follow the lead of the CCP. 17797: 17095: 9475: 9455: 9279: 8944: 6371:

and CPI entered into a seat-sharing agreement. In the same year the followers Dange's pro-Indian National Congress line regrouped as the

3853: 1920:. Dange was elected to the Lok Sabha by wide margin. After the election Dange was elected as the new CPI group leader in the Lok Sabha. 6611:- General Secretary of Bihar State Kisan Sabha 1951—1956, Secretary of CPI in Bihar 1956—1962, CPI National Council member, elected to 5801: 5280: 4676: 4626: 4622: 4154:, Bhanu Ghosh, Saroj Chanda, Kanu Sen, Benu Sen, Samar Chakraborty, Makhan Dutta and Debabrata Chakraborty were close to the left CPI. 15466: 12194: 9267: 8656:

1967-1969, Leader of the Opposition in the Bihar Legislative Assembly during the 1972-1977 term, secretary of CPI in Bihar 1978-1984.

6360: 5621: 5617: 5459: 5455: 5369: 5365: 5100: 5096: 4920: 4916: 2484: 1906: 412: 16977: 14441: 14285:. Anthropological Survey of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Culture, Government of India. p. 146. 13344: 9362: 4536: 4532: 4446: 4442: 3786: 403:

there was also a 'centralist centrist' trend in West Bengal, who appealed for party unity and refused to pick a side in the split.

6229:

in October 1967. Since then two organizations with identical names have existed. The CPI-led AIKS is sometimes referred to as the

12208: 11336:

PADMANABHAN, V. K. "COMMUNIST PARTIES IN TAMILNADU." The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 48, no. 2, 1987, pp. 225–250.

9162: 8162:

Silver Jubilee celebration. After his release from prison he worked with P. Jeevanandham and P. Ramamurthi in setting up various

6942: 6234: 6158:

from the leadership positions in the union. In Bombay some leftists were expelled from an engineering union for indiscipline. In

3539:

argued that CPI (Left) saw the Indian National Congress as its main enemy, since it was their main competitor in state politics.

3088:. Namboodiripad and Basu worked to promote a compromise solution and party unity before and during the January 1964 CEC meeting. 3046:. But Gupta, who otherwise had hostile relations with Dange, 'threw in a somersault' and sided with the majority at the meeting. 337:

rightist factions, in particular on how to relate to the Indian National Congress and the right-wing opposition parties like the

14759:. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. Calcutta: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 51. 12610: 11916: 11896: 12240: 9263: 7530:, sent by CPI to Kanpur in 1936 to organize workers there, became president of the Kanpur Mazdoor Sabha in 1938, Member of the 6568: 6556: 3820: 3124:. In the four letters, allegedly authored by Dange in 1924 whilst he was imprisoned for political reasons and addressed to the 13874: 8021:- Secretariat member of the CPI Telangana Committee (February 1952), youngest member of the CPI Central Committee, elected to 3805: 3305:

Tenali convention the left CPI organised party district and state conferences in preparation for the Calcutta Party Congress.

17728: 17681: 17604: 17551: 17505: 17454: 17391: 17297: 17254: 17208: 17103: 16828: 16372: 16326: 16230: 16198: 16171: 16034: 16000: 15973: 15893: 15863: 15836: 15772: 15712: 15646: 15516: 15433: 15321: 15239: 15190: 15153: 15067: 15040: 14969: 14893: 14675: 14613: 14553: 14408: 14290: 14155: 14121: 13985: 13958: 13854: 13824: 13748: 13722: 13689: 13647: 13620: 13557: 13482: 13116: 13067: 13013: 12938: 12890: 12847: 12820: 12066: 12016: 11967: 11779: 11735: 11703: 11596: 11566: 11241: 11076: 10954: 10798: 10600: 10570: 10540: 10496: 10453: 10243: 10188: 9753: 9716: 9568: 9367: 7952: 3755: 3620:

years later disproportionately affected CPI(M) in the Hindi belt, further marginalizing CPI(M) in the Hindi-speaking region.

3072:

published an article denouncing CCP leadership for "aggressive policy" and for "openly interfering" in CPI internal affairs.

396: 13639:

The Cold War, 1945-1991: Leaders and other important figures in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World

7656:, as of 1936 placed in charge of organising CPI in Gujarat, elected CPI Central Committee member in 1953, vice president of 4214:, Renu Chakravarti and Indrajit Gupta constituted the core of this faction, who all joined the CPI(Right) in the 1964 split. 2725:

Namboodiripad is described as 'nationalist' by 17 citations, 'internationalist' by 2 citations and 'centrist' by 1 citation.

3633: 2937:

the foremost leader of the party. And this precarious balance was upset when war broke out with China later the same year.

4177: 12656: 11542: 11478: 9509: 9091: 8105: 8069: 7915: 7691:- founder of CPI branch in the state, CPI(M) Central Committee member in 1964, CPI(M) Karnataka State Secretariat member. 6789: 6230: 3644: 3253:

in October 1964 legislators in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh overwhelmingly sided with the CPI(Right).

676: 311: 14791:. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1989. p. 27. 14367: 4195: 3966: 14806: 8202: 7531: 7477: 7202: 3648: 3043: 2719:

M. N. Govindan Nair (Kerala) is described as 'nationalist' in 6 citations whilst appearing as 'centrist' in 1 citation.

2597: 2130: 1831: 1479: 647: 231: 11492: 4110: 2905:

editorial inflamed tensions in CPI. Ghosh reacted by pledging CPI support to Nehru to repel Chinese military actions.

1916:

In addition to winning the state assembly election in Kerala, CPI also emerged as the largest opposition party in the

17792: 16108: 15739: 15123: 14838: 13928: 13778: 13439: 13321: 13040: 10918: 10663: 8625: 7355: 6218: 3591: 3556: 2107: 10157:

Wood, John B. "Observations on the Indian Communist Party Split." Pacific Affairs, vol. 38, no. 1, 1965, pp. 47–63.

4128: 4000: 3722: 190: 10002:

Sharma, T.R. (1978). "The Indian Communist Party Split of 1964: The Role of Factionalism and Leadership Rivalry☆".

9309: 8987: 8858: 8854: 7445: 6844: 6572: 4084: 4054: 4027: 3923: 3868: 2788: 2734:

Ranadive is described as 'internationalist' (16 citations), 'centrist' (3 citations) and 'nationalist' (1 citation)

198: 15093:

The Politics of Agricultural Modernization: A Comparative Study of Land Reform in Parkistan, India, Japan and Iran

3703: 3681: 3665:

CPI(M) would suffer a major split in June 1968, when the majority of its members in Andhra Pradesh sided with the

318:

between pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese factions. Per Wood the splits in most other communist parties originate in the

9109: 6345: 6092: 3992:, elected S.Y. Kolhatkar as the State Committee Secretary and the Parulekars as members of the State Secetariat. 3770: 3527:

In Madras and Punjab, the political battle was three-sided - Indian National Congress, CPI and a regional party (

3024:

The arrests further deepened the split in CPI. CPI leftists alleged that the rightists in the party had supplied

3014: 15727: 10085: 7779:

in Malabar along with Namboodiripad, Secretary of the Malabar Provincial Committee of CPI as of 1953, Member of

4210:

the intellectuals (or Rightists) who consistently support the CPSU and the central CPI leadership. Bhowani Sen,

17022: 14653:. Research Institute on Communist Strategy and Propaganda, University of Southern California. 1962. p. 13. 9517: 9287: 9275: 8846: 8073: 7852: 7848: 7737: 7535: 7490: 7453: 7198: 6507: 6356: 6176: 6105: 3900: 3816: 1976: 1608: 1021: 605: 355: 13504:. Research and Reference Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 596. 8849:, was detained and jailed 1964-1965 under Defense of India Rules, CPI(M) Rajasthan State Committee secretary, 6388:

reunification, to which CPI(M) has responded that left unity, not party reunification, should be prioritized.

2728:

Ghosh described as 'centrist' (12 citations), 'nationalist' (1 citation) and 'internationalist' (2 citations).

1526:

The Madurai Party Congress elected a 39-member Central Committee. G. Adhikari defeated the official candidate

8850: 7614: 7032: 6848: 4261:

led a faction of his own, which included Amulya Sen and Sudhir Bhattacharya (better known as Suprakash Roy).

2681:

Singh (Uttar Pradesh), Rai (Uttar Pradesh), Ram Asrey (Uttar Pradesh), Hirendranath Mukherjee (West Bengal),

17008: 17625:

CPI loses its presence in Bihar legislature following retirement of its last two members from state council

12170: 9150: 8983: 8448: 8259: 8255: 8026: 7847:- president of the C.P. and Berar Trade Union Congress 1948–1949, CPI Rajasthan State Secretary, Member of 7351: 6616: 6471: 6364: 3841: 3829: 3790: 3301:

and failing to take a clear pro-Chinese position in the ideological conflict between the CPSU and the CCP.

3261:

source estimating the left CPI membership at around 70,000 and the right CPI membership at around 55,000).

2538: 1917: 470: 408: 10623: 14075: 10562:

Indigenist Mobilization: Confronting Electoral Communism and Precarious Livelihoods in Post-Reform Kerala

9055: 9051: 8267: 8198: 7948: 7255: 7189: 6901: 6840: 6564: 4245:

Parimal Dasgupta's alternative draft program was not circulated at the Calcutta Party Congress. However,

3988:

people there since the pre-Independence period. The 1964 CPI(Left) Maharashtra state conference, held in

3884: 3794: 3613: 3165:

The 32 dissident National Council members that staged the walk-out were P. Sundarayya, M. Basavapunniah,

2976:

On 1 November 1962, after two days of heated debates, the CPI National Council issued a statement titled

2558: 2447: 1678: 1203: 563: 17036: 8986:, trade unionist, CPI Central Committee member 1933-1950, in the CPI Politburo 1948-1950, Member of the 3029:

the rightists seized the opportunity to reorganize the Punjab and West Bengal state units of the party.

2662:

According to Stern, by this point the party was divided into were three factions on the border dispute;

17802: 12136: 8649: 7587: 7566: 7565:- Secretary of the Assam Provincial Committee in 1951, CPI Central Committee member in 1953, Member of 6627:, removed from the CPI National Council and other party posts in 1983 for having carried a letter from 6265: 3121: 2709:(Madras), Jolly Mohan Kaul (West Bengal), N. Prasada Rao (Andhra Pradesh) and Ranen Sen (West Bengal). 2509: 70: 12518: 12175: 11115: 10981: 8853:

Rajasthan President (1970). Expelled from CPI(M) in 1981 Punamia. In 1983 he founded a new party, the

3785:

The left CPI had also supported statehood for Himachal Pradesh. The sole CPI legislator in the state,

3495: 2716:

Z.A. Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) is described as 'nationalist' in 13 citations and 'centrist' in 1 citation.

16956: 12548: 9259: 8653: 8610: 6855:

in 1996 which was rejected by CPI(M), Member of CPI(M) Politburo from its foundation until his death.

6372: 4820: 3809: 3532: 3042:, Dange's resolution was fiercely resisted by Namboodiripad, Gopalan, Dinkar Mehta, Chiman Mehta and 15812:

Multiple Transitions for Tribal Women: A Study of Tribal Women of Palghar Taluka, Maharashtra, India

10866:

Dutt, Gargi (1971). "Peking, the Indian Communists Movement and International Communism 1962-1970".

6079:

CPI leaders contesting as Nutan Maha Gujarat Janta Parishad candidates not included in this estimate

457: 14428: 9216:– Organized CPI whilst Muzaffar Ahmed was jailed 1929-1936, founder of Ganashakti Publishing House. 8452: 8142: 8138: 8061: 7960: 7776: 7649: 7579: 7347: 7110: 6368: 3825: 2804: 1897: 1551: 442: 322:

whilst the history of the CPI split is more profound, running back to the foundation of the party.

218: 206: 57: 16222:

The Spring Thunder and After: A Survey of the Maoist and Ultra-leftist Movements in India, 1962-75

16190:

The Spring Thunder and After: A Survey of the Maoist and Ultra-leftist Movements in India, 1962-75

15615: 11654: 6375:. In 1981 Dange himself was expelled from CPI. CPI joined the West Bengal Left Front ahead of the 17521: 17475: 17098:

series. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. 1987. p. 192.

15575: 13816:

The Annual Register Of Indian Political Parties: Proceedings And Fundamental Texts 1990: Part One

12963: 10380: 7062:(1898 - 1981) - Party theoretician, one of the early Indian Marxists in Europe, sentenced in the 6954: 6892: 6852: 6288: 2501: 2321: 1657: 1259: 933: 379: 303: 302:. The viewpoint that the split was primarily caused by international factors and the role of the 10513: 2672:'Centrists' - a group that worked to maintain party unity. This group was centered around Ghosh. 17787: 17058: 15728:

Francine R. Frankel; Rao M S A; M. S. A. Rao; Madhugiri Shamarao Ananthapadmanabha Rao (1989).

12039: 11525: 9467: 8439: 7402: 7206: 7063: 6945:(1968–1974). Leader of CPI(M) of and Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly 1957-1972, 6619:, as of the early 1980s the leader of the CPI group in the Rajya Sabha, editor of Hindi organs 6355:

As CPI(M) improved its relations with the CPSU cooperation with CPI became easier. In 1980 the

4258: 3980:

unit largely sided with CPI(Left). In the Thane District the party had been led by Shamrao and

3856:

the following year. CPI(M) would regain presence in Jammu-Kashmir politics in May 1971, as the

3739:

The opportunity arrived in August 1964, as on 5 August 1964 the Mahagujarat Janata Parishad of

3150: 3134: 3018: 2585: 2325: 2204: 1996: 506:- argued that the transfer of power was a sham measure by orchestrated by British imperialism. 156: 17495: 17287: 17227: 16904: 16818: 16798: 15990: 15423: 14959: 14543: 14398: 14145: 14111: 13712: 13106: 13084: 13003: 12837: 12673: 12303: 12056: 11989: 11957: 11556: 11506: 11380: 11294: 10560: 10486: 10385:. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1966. pp. 87–92. 10233: 10178: 9706: 17718: 17444: 17244: 16024: 15910: 15762: 15684:

State and Society: Quarterly Journal of the Indian Institute for Regional Development Studies

15491:

Documents of the 29th Conference of All India Kisan Sabha, Kozhikode, Kerala, March 5-8, 1999

15115:

Ideology and Organization in Indian Politics: A Study of Political Parties at the Grass-roots

15030: 14883: 14603: 13975: 13948: 13313:

At the Crossroads: The Sino-Indian Border Dispute and the Communist Party of India, 1959-1963

13057: 12928: 12880: 12810: 12100: 12006: 11833: 11586: 11066: 10944: 9743: 8189: 8167: 6205: 3894:

Immediately after the April 1962 meeting, the CPI National Council sent C. Achutha Menon and

3258: 3249: 3025: 2787:

conference. By contrast Dange fully defended the Soviet party at the World Conference of the

2565: 2055: 1793: 1283: 479: 16994:""The Speaker Made References To The Passing Away Of Shri Girdhari Lal ... on 4 June, 2009"" 15409: 15392: 15375: 10425: 9278:

which became aligned with CPI, editor of Jammu Sandesh, Member of the 1970 Politburo of the

9161:

member in 1948, under his chairmanship PKI membership grew to some 3 million, killed in the

437: 15915:. R.K Sanatomba Memorial Trust, Palace Compound, Imphal. pp. 82–83. GGKEY:H65L13QU0TQ. 13522: 12224: 8812: 8726: 8534: 8334:

1954-1960, suspended from CPI in 1960, joined CPI(M) in 1964, expelled from CPI(M) in 1967.

7657: 6735: 6143: 3101:, accusing the rightists of abusing the arrests to seize control over the party machinery. 2961: 2722:

H.K. Vyas is described both as a 'nationalist' (2 citations) and a 'centrist' (1 citation).

2698: 2577: 2329: 2212: 2165: 1622: 1139: 584: 367: 326: 17704: 17526:. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1978. p. 10. 17023:

STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1972 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA PRADESH

17009:

STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MADHYA PRADESH

16557: 16543: 16403: 16389: 12762: 8170:

1954-1957. He was elected to the CPI National Council at the 1958 Amritsar Party Congress.

4158:

had reportedly stated that he was "internationally pro-Moscow and nationally anti-Dange".

3852:. In 1968 the Democratic Conference broke its links with CPI(M), and would align with the 3137:

along with the Dange, claimed he had seen the letters and vouched for their authenticity.

8: 17480:. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1981. p. 4. 16973: 16859: 16501: 16487: 14449: 13573: 12968:. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1962. p. 6. 12420: 10176: 10086:

Currents and cross currents in the relation between the CPI and the CPI(m) during 1964-85

8698: 8613:

1969-1974, Minister in Bihar state government 1967-1968, Member of Rajya Sabha 1974-1986.

8092: 7586:- became Secretary of the Bombay City Provincial Committee of CPI in 1955, Member of the 7294: 4095: 3670: 3659: 3552: 3544: 2985: 2774: 2686: 2192: 2043: 1814: 1155: 487: 298:

There is a commonly held perception that the split in CPI was merely an extension of the

1931:, held in Moscow, the CCP criticized at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala. 17051: 16887: 16873: 16613: 16599: 15349: 14504: 14496: 13819:. Publication Department, Indian Institute of Applied Political Research. p. 282. 13249: 12400: 11404: 11337: 11158: 11098: 10883: 10744: 10158: 9424: 9413: 8765: 8712: 8570:- Part of the leadership of the Telangana struggle, sided with CPI(Right) in the split. 8479: 8400: 8263: 7991: 7902: 7661: 7058: 6933: 6547: 6384: 6341: 6333: 6151: 6063: 4155: 4073: 3981: 3849: 3652: 3182: 3178: 3084:

In October 1963, a group of 17 CPI National Council members issued a resolution titled

2820: 2368: 2220: 2173: 2067: 2047: 1807: 1767: 1511: 1291: 1229: 976: 503: 383: 359: 325:

Per Gunther (2001) international issues like the Sino-Soviet split, the Soviet line of

264: 133: 16728: 16714: 10643: 2737:

Surjeet is described as 'internationalist' (8 citations) and 'centrist' (4 citations).

449: 17724: 17677: 17600: 17547: 17501: 17450: 17387: 17293: 17250: 17204: 17099: 16824: 16784: 16770: 16672: 16658: 16368: 16322: 16226: 16194: 16167: 16104: 16030: 15996: 15969: 15889: 15859: 15832: 15768: 15735: 15708: 15642: 15512: 15429: 15317: 15235: 15186: 15149: 15119: 15063: 15036: 14965: 14889: 14834: 14671: 14609: 14549: 14508: 14488: 14404: 14286: 14151: 14117: 13981: 13954: 13924: 13850: 13820: 13774: 13744: 13718: 13685: 13643: 13616: 13553: 13478: 13435: 13317: 13112: 13063: 13036: 13009: 12934: 12886: 12843: 12816: 12607: 12062: 12012: 11963: 11775: 11731: 11699: 11592: 11562: 11237: 11236:. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. p. 328. 11181:. E.G. Smith for the U.S. Library of Congress Office, New Delhi. May 1996. p. v. 11072: 10950: 10794: 10736: 10596: 10566: 10536: 10492: 10449: 10239: 10184: 10015: 9749: 9712: 9564: 9154: 8936: 8420: 7486: 7210: 7109:- Joined CPI in 1931, CPI Andhra Provincial Committee secretary 1943-1952, leader of 7101: 6337: 6300: 4042: 3943: 3878:

In Kerala most of the top leadership in CPI, such as M.N. Govindan Nair, T.V.Thomas,

3586: 3536: 3198: 2897: 2690: 2423: 2200: 2035: 2000: 1992: 1636: 1341: 983: 731: 527: 416: 299: 143: 65: 13608: 12779: 12244: 11799: 11461: 11363: 11001: 16845: 16644: 16473: 16459: 16445: 14480: 12322:

VIIIe Congrès syndical mondial: compte-rendu des travaux, Varna, 15-22 octobre 1973

11636:

The Quandary of the Qaum: Indian Nationalism in a Muslim State, Hyderabad 1850-1948

11265: 11150: 10875: 10011: 9739: 9133: 8820:– Secretary of CPI in Punjab in 1948, again serving as CPI Punjab secretary in 1964 8668: 8553: 8384: 8133: 7939: 7514: 7441: 7389: 6743:– Chief Minister of Kerala 1957-1959, 1967-1969, CPI(M) General Secretary 1977-1992 4738: 4254: 3908: 3888: 3779: 3759: 3472: 3286: 3170: 3125: 3010: 2846: 2380: 2317: 2196: 2169: 2115: 2063: 2039: 1760: 1746: 1685: 1437: 1309: 1211: 1187: 991: 871: 633: 519: 491: 128: 17543:

The Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan: Causes, Consequences, and India's Response

16756: 16742: 16700: 16686: 16585: 16571: 16529: 16515: 14863:. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. 14720:. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. 12988:. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. 11554: 4264: 3844:(in which the Democratic Conference contested one seat in Jammu Province) and the 17671: 17654: 17637: 17594: 17574: 17541: 17424: 17407: 17381: 17364: 17345: 17325: 17270: 17198: 17178: 17156: 17140: 17119: 17089: 17073: 16981: 16939: 16923: 16627: 16431: 16417: 16362: 16342: 16316: 16299: 16282: 16263: 16247: 16220: 16188: 16161: 16141: 16125: 16098: 16072: 15963: 15946: 15929: 15883: 15853: 15826: 15810: 15793: 15729: 15702: 15682: 15663: 15636: 15588: 15506: 15489: 15450: 15311: 15290: 15256: 15229: 15213: 15180: 15143: 15113: 15091: 15057: 15008: 14988: 14937: 14920: 14828: 14786: 14734: 14665: 14648: 14629: 14572: 14539: 14351: 14306: 14280: 14263: 14247: 14230: 14214: 14195: 14171: 14079: 14059: 14042: 14026: 14010: 13918: 13894: 13844: 13814: 13794: 13768: 13738: 13708: 13679: 13637: 13610: 13593: 13577: 13547: 13499: 13472: 13455: 13429: 13412: 13395: 13378: 13358: 13311: 13271: 13030: 12863: 12793: 12720: 12690: 12636: 12614: 12583: 12531: 12498: 12482: 12466: 12450: 12434: 12373: 12356: 12337: 12320: 12283: 12269: 12157: 12143: 11897:

STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ASSAM

11882: 11865: 11847: 11769: 11725: 11693: 11667: 11634: 11617: 11421: 11231: 11214: 11195: 11176: 10902: 10817: 10788: 10590: 10530: 10469: 10443: 10216: 10121: 10104: 10029: 9558: 9391: 9225: 8990:

1957-1976, minister in the 1967 and 1969 United Front governments in West Bengal.

8640: 8601: 7741: 6603: 6329: 6325: 6192: 4065: 3548: 3479: 3186: 2951: 2705:(West Bengal), M. Basavapunniah (Andhra Pradesh), Achintya Bhattacharya (Assam), 2606: 2376: 2208: 2111: 2103: 2099: 1838: 1389: 761: 338: 292: 288: 226: 14333: 14028:

Some Documents Relating to Early Indian Communists and Controversies Around Them

12571:

CPI shows pro-Congress elements their place, exposes their minority in the party

11959:

History of People and Their Environs: Essays in Honour of Prof. B.S. Chandrababu

1533: 225:, whose role in the party hierarchy became increasingly controversial. When the 15828:

Agrarian Structure, Movements & Peasant Organisations in India: Maharashtra

13497: 10123:

Nature and Effects of the Split in the Communist Party of India in Kerala State

9505: 9435: 9402: 9082: 9002: 8978: 8963: 8779: 8567: 8530: 8464: 8194: 8155: 8097: 8018: 7907: 7683: 7398: 7394: 7285: 7114: 7106: 6214: 5000: 4346: 4231: 4211: 4069: 3977: 3740: 3637: 3570: 3499: 3478:

At the Bombay Party Congress of the CPI(Right), the CPSU delegation was led by

3298: 3202: 3162:

accusing Dange and his followers of 'anti-unity and anti-Communist policies' .

3056:

CCP responded to the CPI National Council resolution by denouncing Dange as a '

2915: 2702: 2593: 2451: 2289: 2285: 2227: 2216: 2023: 1984: 1980: 1913:

around the country, in the 1957 elections the party won 201 seats nation-wide.

1845: 1800: 1706: 1429: 1397: 1275: 826: 819: 612: 419:

as its election symbol. The CPI(Left) would henceforth be known as the CPI(M).

14770:

Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle

12375:

As Labour Organizes: A Study of Unionism in the Kanpur Cotton Textile Industry

11441: 10408:

CPI central executive for expelling Sripad Amrit Dange from primary membership

10177:

Professor Department of Political Science Richard Gunther (21 December 2001).

6091:

The borders changed significantly between 1962 and 1967 elections, due to the

3068:. In August 1963 Dange visited Moscow as a guest of the CPSU. During his stay 17781: 17537: 16364:

Towards Naxalbari (1953-1967): An Account of Inner-party Ideological Struggle

14916: 14492: 14484: 14423: 14375: 10740: 8940: 8837: 8817: 8538: 8499: 8231: 8159: 8068:

in the 1930s, one of the first female members of CPI, founding leader of the

8057: 7947:– Member of Travancore Cochin Legislative Assembly 1952-1954, elected to the 7728: 7519: 7246: 7023: 6950: 6897: 6780: 6668: 6632: 6628: 6576: 6512: 6317: 6313: 6284: 5873: 5611: 4181: 3951:

as CPI(M)). On the other end of the spectrum, the rightist held a meeting in

3895: 3600: 3511: 3206: 3166: 3086:

The Threatening Disruption and Split of the Party - How to Avert the Disaster

2950:

On 20 October 1962 a new confrontation at border marked the beginning of the

2849:, the West Bengal state secretary of the party, circulated a document titled 2706: 2410: 2364: 2349: 2309: 2249: 2051: 2031: 2004: 1972: 1779: 1739: 1650: 1629: 1405: 1357: 1317: 1301: 1249: 1179: 1013: 925: 864: 839: 654: 626: 591: 499: 371: 363: 330: 166: 138: 118: 17232:. Indian National Congress. All India Congress Committee. 1970. p. 173. 11994:. University of California Press. pp. 389, 392, 542. GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU. 9738: 3518:; the five states where CPI had most of its strength concentrated as of 1964 445:(1946-1951), Andhra communists developed a 'Maoist' line of peasant warfare. 15139: 13770:

The Red Star and the Lotus: The Political Dynamics of Indo-Soviet Relations

12161:, Volume 1991, Edition 2. New Delhi: Michiko & Panjathan , 1979. p. 500 11299:. University of California Press. pp. 360–361, 428. GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU. 10034:. Indian National Congress. All India Congress Committee. 1971. p. 59. 9500: 9186: 9026: 8877: 8460: 8209:

1988-1994, Secretary of Andhra Pradesh State Committee of CPI (M) 1964–1982

7982: 7855:

Rajasthan State Committee Secretary in 1965, editor of the daily newspaper

7763: 7640: 7407: 7338: 6258: 6188: 5090: 4161:

As agreed a convention of Tripura unit of the party was held in Kalyanpur (

4151: 4016: 3934: 3927: 3733: 3190: 3174: 2816: 2682: 2581: 2521: 2399: 2372: 2177: 2149: 2016: 1910: 1732: 1720: 1713: 1267: 1163: 1129: 1107: 1006: 879: 843: 804: 723: 619: 214: 123: 15425:

The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments

12839:

From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42

7360:

Trade Union International of Agricultural, Forestry and Plantation Workers

3049:

Namboodiripad had tabled an alternative resolution at the meeting, titled

2600:) in expressing 'anger and outrage' over Chinese actions. The CPI unit in 16318:

Revolution Unleashed: A History of Naxalbari Movement in India, 1964-1972

14860: 14756: 14717: 12985: 10445:

Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947–1972

9471: 9451: 9447: 9213: 9031: 8459:

1952-1977, Deputy Leader of CPI Group in Lok Sabha 1954-1964, 1967-1970,

8455:

Bengal unit, CPI Bengal Provincial Committee member 1947-1951, Member of

8444: 8331: 8251: 8246: 8206: 8163: 8052: 7956: 7780: 7733: 7605: 7583: 7437: 7263: 7194: 7066:, led CPI during its reorganisation of 1933-1934, cousin of B.T. Ranadive 7028: 6938: 6905: 6836: 6785: 6677: 6673: 6560: 6520: 6516: 6463: 6309: 6276:

development of polycentrism within the international communist movement.

6272: 6240: 6184: 5963: 5539: 5180: 4246: 4199: 4147: 4088: 3970: 3879: 3515: 3327: 3323: 3237: 2589: 2431: 2403: 2257: 2253: 2240: 2134: 2012: 1671: 1527: 1445: 1325: 1028: 856: 789: 16820:

Politics And Governance In Indian States: Bihar, West Bengal And Tripura

16816: 15353: 14957: 14500: 13380:

Political Behaviour in India: A Case Study of the 1962 General Elections

12404: 11341: 11261:"Romesh Chandra, Veteran Communist and Anti-War Campaigner, Passes Away" 2784:

Bucharest Conference of Representatives of Communist and Workers Parties

17440: 17194: 16993: 13253: 11408: 11162: 10887: 10748: 10162: 9560:

Communist Parties and United Front Experience in Kerala and West Bengal

9254: 9145: 8150: 7557: 7251: 7162: 6988: 6831: 6519:

for four terms: 1958–1962, 1966–1972, 1972–1978, 1990-1994, married to

6458: 6292: 4250: 3952: 3608: 3507: 3336:

The Calcutta Party Congress elected a Central Committee consisting of;

3278: 3210: 3093: 2997: 2815:

September 5–12, 1960. The CPI was represented at the Hanoi congress by

2694: 2611: 2513: 2439: 2419: 2356: 2084: 2008: 1988: 1968: 1964: 1901:

Swearing in ceremony of the Namboodiripad cabinet in Kerala, April 1957

1864: 1753: 1699: 1692: 1615: 1596: 1421: 1381: 1371: 1349: 1195: 1147: 1099: 1036: 955: 899: 746: 680: 661: 577: 570: 551: 483: 462: 375: 222: 194: 179: 174: 161: 151: 13104: 9094:(CPSU) 1946-1952, secretary of the Central Committee in charge of the 6847:

1957-1972, 1977-2001, Deputy Chief Minister of West Bengal 1967-1969,

3828:

which elected a State Committee of the party. The party contested the

3471:

In junction with the Calcutta Party Congress a mass rally was held at

1555:

magazine carried an authoritative article of CPSU policy, authored by

12188: 12113: 10790:

Indian communism: opposition, collaboration, and institutionalization

10727:

Crouch, Harold (1966). "AITUC and the Split in the Communist Party".

9529: 9513: 9158: 9099: 9043: 8893: 8842: 8456: 8330:- One of the founders of the communist movement in Kerala, member of 8146: 8101: 8065: 8035:

Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist)

8022: 7911: 7844: 7839: 7688: 7452:

1962-1977. Secretary CPI West Bengal Provincial Committee 1969-1971.

7449: 7432: 7363: 7259: 6612: 6467: 6349: 6321: 6155: 5701: 5359: 4114: 4038: 4031: 3528: 3282: 3194: 3098: 2615: 2443: 2384: 2345: 2337: 2277: 1857: 1643: 1471: 1221: 968: 948: 940: 811: 640: 495: 342: 17720:

Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India

17037:

STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1962 TO THE THIRD LOK SABHA

15731:

Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order

14109: 12209:

General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh

11229: 11154: 10879: 8857:(MCPI). Punamia served as secretary of MCPI. In 1986 he founded the 8272:

Trade Union International of Textile, Leather and Fur Workers Unions

4120:

Around May 1964 a state unit of CPI(Left) was organised by Punamia.

3976:

Most of the CPI Maharashtra unit sided with CPI(Right). But the CPI

2833:

November 1960 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties

15758: 15010:

Probings in the Political Economy of Agrarian Classes and Conflicts

14864: 14773: 14721: 13431:

Sampoorna Swaraj: The Story of Goa's Liberation Struggle, 1928-1961

13089:. University of California Press. pp. 542–. GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU. 12989: 9283: 9095: 9039: 8013: 6226: 6104:

The 1962 CPI figures and the 1967 CPI(M) figures correspond to the

6067: 6062:

Neither CPI nor CPI(M) had any candidates in assembly elections in

3989: 3692: 3315: 2930: 2627: 2059: 1786: 1544:

On the Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat

1115: 15948:

Unions, Politics, and the State: A Study of Indian Labour Politics

14197:

Unions, Politics, and the State: A Study of Indian Labour Politics

13612:

A Documented History of the Communist Movement in India: 1917-1922

13579:

The Communist Revolution in Asia: Tactics, Goals, and Achievements

13393: 13032:

Peasant Movements in India: Mid-nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

12791: 12692:

Unions, Politics, and the State: A Study of Indian Labour Politics

12393:

Ideological Conflict in the Kanpur Trade Union Movement, 1934-1945

11397:

The Politics of States Reorganization in India: The Case of Bombay

10904:

Unions, Politics, and the State: A Study of Indian Labour Politics

8648:- founder-secretary of CPI unit in Bihar 1939-1950, Member of the 8254:- Member Bombay Provincial Congress Committee for 7 years, Member 8031:

Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries

6466:- No. 3 in the CPI hierarchy in the 1950s, Leader of CPI group in 3667:

Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries

3005:

Congress government as it represented interests of class enemies.

17592: 17579:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. April 1982. p. 103. 17180:

Labour Movement in India: Its Past and Present, from 1885 to 1980

15487: 14830:

Under the Banyan Tree: The Communist Movement in India, 1920-1964

14592:

Visalaandhra. కమ్యూనిస్టు యువతకు మహోపాధ్యాయుడు నీలం రాజశేఖరరెడ్డి

13609:

Puran Chandra Joshi; K. Damodaran; Sobhanlal Datta Gupta (2007).

13434:. Directorate of Art and Culture, Government of Goa. p. 51. 12678:. University of California Press. p. 575. GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU. 12308:. University of California Press. p. 569. GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU. 11385:. University of California Press. p. 359. GGKEY:NSY99CAKNFU. 10471:

Indian Parliamentary Companion: Who's who of Members of Lok Sabha

9087: 7987: 7772: 7653: 7645: 7258:

in 1952 whilst in jail, CPI Politburo member in 1953, elected to

5791: 5270: 4670: 4616: 4139: 4132: 4011: 4004: 3726: 3057: 2926: 2619: 2391: 2304:

Gokul Mohan Rai Chudamani, Ramakrishna Patti, Gurucharan Patnaik

2264: 2141: 1878: 1060:

CPI Central Committee elected at the 1953 Madurai Party Congress

998: 886: 796: 509: 15231:

Poverty and Vulnerability in a Globalising Metropolis, Ahmedabad

14471:

Kaul, J.M. (1964). "The Split in the Communist Party of India".

12812:

Britain Through Muslim Eyes: Literary Representations, 1780-1988

12318: 12176:

KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1951 TO THE FIRST LOK SABHA

10528: 3577:

affiliation of leaders would have played any role in the split.

533: 16817:

Subrata Kumar Mitra; Harihar Bhattacharyya (27 February 2018).

16301:

Revolutionary Violence: A Study of the Maoist Movement in India

13397:

Proceedings of the ... Congress of the Communist Party of India

11219:. S. Rangarajan for Kasturi & Sons. July 1994. p. 117. 10218:

Revolutionary Violence: A Study of the Maoist Movement in India

9104: 8327: 7944: 7815: 7811: 7768: 7527: 7343: 6740: 6552: 6168: 6159: 5449: 4910: 4265:

Comparison of electoral performances before and after the split

4162: 4058: 3872: 3744: 3580: 3503: 3270: 2956: 2647: 2505: 2296: 2157: 912: 768: 523: 17652: 17145:. Shri Ram Centre for Industrial Relations. 1967. p. 450. 17053:

Indian voting behaviour: studies of the 1962 general elections

16944:. Shri Ram Centre for Industrial Relations. 1968. p. 115. 16249:

Politics in West Bengal: Institutions, Processes, and Problems

16166:. International School of Dravidian Linguistics. p. 795. 15452:

The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who

14958:

Paranjoy Guha Thakurta; Shankar Raghuraman (4 December 2007).

14105: 14103: 12436:

The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who

11588:

Protest In Democratic India: Authority's Response To Challenge

11423:

The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who

7489:

member of CPI in 1951, in 1973 he became the secretary of the

3277:

A convention had a three-member presidium - Gopalan, Basu and

3185:, Promode Dasgupta, Muzaffar Ahmad, Basu, Abdul Halim, Konar, 2978:

Unite to Defend the Motherland against China's Open Aggression

217:

improved, a faction that sought cooperation with the dominant

17769:

CPI expects unification with CPM in 4-5 years: Sudhakar Reddy

14334:

Assembly pays homage to Saraf, Mansukh, Kochak, Dar and Dubey

13005:

Communist and Socialist Movement in India: A Critical Account

12795:

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Puccalapalli Sundarayya; Harindranath Chattopadhyaya (1972).

11141:

Windmiller, Marshall (April 1954). "Indian Communism Today".

9305: 9035: 8645: 8606: 7610: 7562: 7523: 7482: 6608: 6515:- Secretary of CPI in Uttar Pradesh 1951-1956, Member of the 6352:. The leftists became the dominant faction within the party. 6255:

All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries

4526: 4436: 3985: 3707: 3685: 3290: 3145:

conveying that such measures would split the party into two.

2812: 2623: 2601: 2517: 2122: 2091: 2075: 1940:

CPI National Council elected at 1958 Amritsar Party Congress

1534:

Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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13105:

Stanley A. Kochanek; Robert L. Hardgrave (30 January 2007).

12605:

Communist Party of India (Marxist) State Committee, Kerala.

11548: 10942: 10467: 7254:– One of the founders of CPI branch in Tamilnad, elected to 6154:

the leftists in the AITUC-affiliated union ousted Dange and

16800:

Tripura Administration: The Era of Modernisation, 1870-1972

14278: 14219:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1984. p. 147. 14100: 14031:. sole distributors: Eastern Publishers'. 1972. p. 22. 13595:

An Outline History of the Vietnam Workers' Party, 1930-1975

10488:

Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became 'a Model'

10235:

The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India

8201:

and Andhra State Legislative Assembly 1952–1955, Member of

4064:

Founders of the CPI(Left) in Orissa included Banamali Das,

2058:, T. Satyanarayana, Y.V Krishna Rao, N. Rajasekhara Reddy, 1929:

1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties

320:

1960 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties

17246:

Industrial Relations, Trade Unions, and Labour Legislation

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9516:

1962-1967. As of 1977 the Madhya Pradesh secretary of the

3691:

The CPI Assam State Council met in June 1964 at Krishnai,

17048: 16823:. World Scientific Publishing Company. pp. 226–227. 14110:

Kunal Chakrabarti; Shubhra Chakrabarti (22 August 2013).

13100: 13098: 13096: 12058:

The Mortal God: Imagining the Sovereign in Colonial India

9286:

faction after the disintegration of CPI(ML), founded the

9047: 3032: 2767: 16796: 16146:. Ananda Bazar Patrika, Limited. April 1980. p. 17. 15006: 13498:

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (1957).

13470: 10426:"Rajya Sabha Members' Biographical Sketches 1952 – 2003" 2839: 2657: 2564:

Dange's 'clarification' was immediately rejected by the

1540:

20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

690: 17752:

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17497:

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17343: 16807: 15059:

Documents of the Communist Movement in India: 1992-1993

14997: 14946: 14538: 14147:

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13846:

Communism in Punjab: A Study of the Movement Up to 1967

13714:

Indian foreign policy and the border dispute with China

13707: 13598:. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1978. p. 86. 13549:

Communism in Punjab: A Study of the Movement Up to 1967

12378:. Shri Ram Centre for Industrial Relations. p. 47. 12195:

Memorial sought for martyrs of Telangana armed struggle

12087:

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11727:

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1967-1970, Minister for Agriculture and Electricity in

3197:, Surjeet, Lyallpuri, Dalip Singh Tapiala, Bhag Singh, 3173:, Namboodiripad, Gopalan, A.V. Kunhambu, C.H. Kanaran, 3156: 2646:

In early November 1959 the CPI National Council met in

17176: 16803:. Mittal Publications. p. 255. GGKEY:3YPQWBNAR8D. 16629:

Electoral Politics in Manipur: A Spatio-temporal Study

16066: 15798:. Communist Part of India (Marxist). 2007. p. 27. 15467:"Founding member of HP CPI(M) Mohar Singh passes away" 14396: 14311:. K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press. 1986. p. 19028. 13787: 13093: 13076: 12741:

CPI: A party shake-up in an Indian version of glasnost

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1964: THE YEAR UNDIVIDED CPI SPLIT AND CPI(M) WAS BORN

9556: 6241:

The CPI split and the international communist movement

3238:

Divisions in the national leadership and rank-and-file

1570:. The article, which was reprinted in the CPI monthly 17656:

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16625: 16070: 16064: 16062: 16060: 16058: 16056: 16054: 16052: 16050: 16048: 16046: 15881: 15855:

Documents of the Communist Movement in India: 1994-96

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Administrative Problems of Rural Development in India

15032:

Radical Politics in Meghalaya: Problems and Prospects

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India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation

12930:

The Communist Party of India and the Indian Emergency

12503:. World Federation of Trade Unions. 1973. p. 15. 12471:. World Federation of Trade Unions. 1980. p. 16. 11983: 11981: 11979: 11834:

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10119: 7485:- one of the founders of the CPI Delhi unit in 1944, 2552: 2477: 15696: 15694: 14545:

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14534: 14532: 14530: 14528: 14526: 14524: 14522: 14520: 14518: 13602: 11223: 9708:

Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation

7818:), elected to CPI Central Committee in 1953 and 1956 6233:

and CPI(M)-led AIKS is sometimes referred to as the

3911:

the CPI cadres sided with Gopalan and Namboodiripad

3819:

had emerged in 1957, as the progressive wing of the

3001:

would have been responsible for the border clashes.

17642:. All-India Trade Union Congress. 2003. p. 15. 16245: 15944: 14193: 14189: 14187: 14185: 14183: 13953:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 28. 13572: 13356: 13082: 12688: 12671: 12588:. Institute of Regional Studies. 1984. p. xii. 12487:. All-India Trade Union Congress. 1980. p. 11. 12301: 12292: 12288:. All-India Trade Union Congress. 1972. p. 10. 11987: 11691: 11378: 11369: 11292: 11288: 11286: 11284: 10900: 9711:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 179–183. 6900:- Secretary of CPI in Punjab as of 1952, Member of 6555:- Secretary of CPI in Kerala as of 1957, Member of 4234:. However, Konar forbade the raising of the slogan 3775:

1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

3009:(who was released after one week) and the rightist 2856: 2641: 17599:. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. p. 354. 17323: 17200:Documents of the Communist Movement in India: 1970 17161:. Ananda Bazar Patrika, Limited. 1980. p. 56. 17050: 17042: 16790: 16297: 16043: 15988: 15630: 15628: 15626: 15624: 15089: 14856: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14634:. Council on Foreign Relations. 1968. p. 129. 14272: 14081:Myself and the Communist Party of India, 1920-1929 13799:. Council on Foreign Relations. 1963. p. 337. 12667: 12665: 12371: 12361:. All-India Trade Union Congress. 1982. p. 8. 11976: 11543:Veteran Communist Revolutionary DV Rao Remembered 10214: 8270:1957, member of the Administrative Council of the 8137:(1907-1961). B. Srinivasa Rao was a member of the 2547:10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China 1568:A Non-Capitalist Path for Underdeveloped Countries 16:Conflict between Leftists, Centrists and Rightists 17669: 16314: 16308: 16096: 16022: 15691: 15028: 14515: 14068: 14015:. 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Kanishka Publishers Distributors. p. 58. 15448: 15254: 15111: 14881: 14826: 14657: 14548:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 185–. 14180: 13973: 13967: 13677: 13635: 13372: 13370: 12920: 12918: 12916: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12908: 12906: 12904: 12902: 12878: 12835: 12455:. Indo-Soviet Cultural Society. 1975. p. 8. 12432: 12155:Indian Institute of Applied Political Research. 12054: 12050: 12048: 11917:A Communist Pioneer – Kaka Babu (Muzaffar Ahmad) 11639:. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 558. 11419: 11281: 10946:Indian Communism, Its Role Towards Indian Polity 10664:The Birth Centenary of Comrade HareKrishna Konar 10588: 10524: 10522: 9748:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 79, 100. 7166:(1909 - 1962) - CPI general secretary 1951-1962. 2889: 695: 253:Observations on the Indian Communist Party Split 17588: 17586: 17493: 17422: 17339: 17337: 16909:. 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University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 15. 9700: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9600: 3846:Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election 3623: 3264: 705:Delegations at the 1953 Madurai Party Congress 413:March 1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election 17723:. University of California Press. p. 44. 17416: 17379: 17172: 17170: 17168: 16239: 15955: 15938: 15877: 15875: 15808: 15284: 15282: 15280: 15278: 15276: 15274: 15272: 15270: 15268: 15248: 15107: 15105: 15103: 14822: 14820: 14818: 14816: 14608:. HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 12. 14245: 14176:. Press Institute of India. 1997. p. 513. 14074: 13903: 13673: 13671: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13663: 13661: 13659: 13566: 13376: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13287: 13285: 13283: 12926: 12439:. Bennett, Coleman & Company. p. 675. 12339:India Since Independence: Chronology of Events 12273:. Indo-British Historical Society, 1995. p. 95 11763: 11761: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11747: 11719: 11717: 11715: 10929: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10634: 10632: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10210: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10172: 10170: 9725: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9580: 6320:(Kerala), Vishwanath Mukherjee (West Bengal), 3946:. The Thiruparankundram meeting denounced the 3169:, M. Hanumantha Rao, D.V. Rao, N. Prasad Rao, 3066:Neither Revisionism nor Dogmatism Is Our Guide 2758: 2604:condemned Chinese actions. On 23 October 1959 2578:second border incident occurred at Kongka Pass 510:Second Party Congress and the Zhdanov Doctrine 17536: 17369:. Communist Party of India. 1989. p. 10. 17319: 17317: 17315: 17313: 17311: 17309: 16928:. United India Periodicals. 1970. p. 11. 16287:. United India Periodicals. 1967. p. 13. 16009: 15934:. United India Periodicals. 1979. p. 14. 15908: 15767:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 41. 15764:Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India 15721: 15634: 15316:. Uppal Publishing House. 1986. p. 237. 15288: 15096:. University of Texas at Austin. p. 384. 15024: 15022: 15020: 14915: 14601: 14595: 14239: 14235:. United India Periodicals. 1977. p. 15. 14139: 14137: 14135: 14133: 13942: 13940: 13812: 13808: 13806: 13743:. Progressive Publishers. 2002. p. 143. 13541: 13539: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13531: 13427: 13404: 13387: 13367: 13350: 13345:Communist veteran Hirendranath Mukherjee dead 13309: 13055: 12899: 12872: 12802: 12785: 12725:. Communist Party of India. 1975. p. 68. 12601: 12599: 12597: 12595: 12045: 11837:. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. pp. 39-40 11580: 11578: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11030: 10519: 10484: 8982:(1909-1984) – the sole communist in the 1946 6992:(1907-1980) - CPI general secretary 1943-1947 6179:as its own labour wing. The CPI(Right) organ 2960:reversed its position (reportedly due to the 2753: 534:From armed struggle to parliamentary politics 427: 221:emerged within CPI. This tendency was led by 17646: 17583: 17489: 17487: 17334: 17124:. Communist Party of India. 1989. p. 7. 16351: 16268:. New Left Review Limited. 2011. p. 74. 16155: 16153: 16123: 16092: 16090: 16088: 16086: 16084: 15593:. Siddharta Publications. 1964. p. 519. 15335: 15333: 15218:. Siddharta Publications. 1964. p. 246. 15182:Documents of the Communist Movement in India 15148:. Ajanta Publications (India). p. 243. 15138: 15076: 14902: 14047:. Siddharta Publications. 1964. p. 288. 13946: 13698: 13629: 13421: 13410: 12882:Indian Women and Nationalism, the U.P. Story 12780:Birth and Growth of Communist Party in Delhi 12708:22nd Conference: Proceedings and Resolutions 12426: 12092: 12025: 12004: 11676: 11462:Birth and Growth of Communist Party in Delhi 11028: 11026: 11024: 11022: 11020: 11018: 11016: 11014: 11012: 11010: 10786: 10614: 10612: 10584: 10582: 10554: 10552: 9997: 9995: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9965: 7859:, removed from CPI National Council in 1986. 6571:, Minister for Transport and Electricity in 6131: 4238:('Long live Mao Zedong') at the conference. 3581:Impact of the split on the national question 3490: 3109: 348: 17716: 17222: 17220: 17203:. National Book Agency. pp. 128, 130. 17165: 17096:Yearbook on International Communist Affairs 17091:Yearbook on International Communist Affairs 16898: 16896: 16360: 16214: 16212: 16210: 15872: 15845: 15802: 15753: 15751: 15313:New Challenges of Politics in Indian States 15265: 15258:An Anatomy of Peaceful Industrial Relations 15185:. National Book Agency. 1997. p. 143. 15132: 15100: 15049: 14935: 14877: 14875: 14873: 14813: 14268:. Gulab Singh & Sons. 1981. p. 13. 14200:. South Asian Publishers. pp. 60, 162. 13899:. Siddhartha Publications. 1963. p. 4. 13762: 13760: 13656: 13513: 13511: 13394:Communist Party of India. Congress (1964). 13280: 13049: 13022: 12829: 12792:Communist Party of India. Congress (2005). 12387: 12385: 12365: 12325:. Fédération syndicale mondiale. p. 8. 12312: 11744: 11712: 11558:Telangana People's Struggle and Its Lessons 11255: 11253: 11233:Yearbook on International Communist Affairs 10822:. S. Bhattacharya. 1964. pp. 6, 8, 13. 10793:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60. 10755: 10629: 10558: 10529:Govind Ballabh Pant; Bal Ram Nanda (2002). 10478: 10413: 10231: 10197: 10167: 9963: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9917: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9577: 9476:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 9456:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 9280:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 8945:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 6947:Minister of Land And Land Revenue (Reforms) 6569:2nd Namboodiripad Kerala ministry 1967-1969 6359:(gathering CPI(M), CPI and others) won the 3854:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) 2418:Kali Shanker Shukla, Shankar Dayal Tewari, 17593:Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (2003). 17439: 17429:. Gitanjali Publishing House. p. 287. 17330:. National Book Agency. pp. 236, 354. 17306: 17285: 17236: 17193: 17187: 17135: 17133: 17131: 16918: 16916: 16902: 16619: 15902: 15851: 15815:. International Labour Office. p. 99. 15661: 15488:All India Kisan Sabha. Conference (1999). 15415: 15175: 15173: 15171: 15169: 15167: 15165: 15055: 15017: 14983: 14981: 14929: 14922:Language and Nationality Politics in India 14807:1964 Split in the communist party of India 14752: 14750: 14748: 14746: 14397:Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta (6 December 2012). 14390: 14130: 13937: 13849:. Ajanta Publications. pp. 252, 276. 13803: 13528: 13464: 13335: 13333: 13244: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13236: 13234: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13226: 13224: 13222: 13220: 13218: 13216: 13214: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13206: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13198: 13196: 13194: 13192: 13190: 13188: 13186: 13184: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13164: 13162: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13148: 12995: 12885:. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 95–96. 12641:. Hindi Sahitya Mandir. 1982. p. 243. 12592: 12351: 12349: 12335: 12270:Indo-British Review, Volume 21, Issues 1-2 12219: 12217: 12011:. Bharathi Puthakalayam. pp. 46, 61. 11851:, Vol. 2. Dibrugarh University, 1984. p. 9 11767: 11723: 11632: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11575: 11140: 11092: 11090: 11088: 10992: 10990: 10924:Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey 10722: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10698: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10505: 10113: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9523: 9077: 9075: 9073: 8652:1962-1965, 1969-1977, and a member of the 6344:(Punjab), Renu Chakravarty (West Bengal), 4249:, a delegate from the far-left stronghold 1546:as a foremost appraisal on Stalin's role. 453:Guerrillas of the Telangana armed struggle 17710: 17484: 17470: 17468: 17466: 17433: 17373: 17279: 16974:Biographical Tribute to Comrade Homi Daji 16150: 16081: 15704:Caste, Politics, and Society in Tamilnadu 15677: 15675: 15655: 15511:. Kanishka Publishing House. p. 17. 15442: 15330: 15234:. Manak Publications. 2002. p. 221. 15035:. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 42–43. 14939:Chaos in Nation Formation: Case of Punjab 14724:: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 52-54. 14713: 14711: 14709: 14707: 14631:Political Handbook and Atlas of the World 14588: 14586: 14584: 14429:Naxalism Today; At an Ideological Deadend 14368:"Members of J&K Constituent Assembly" 14324: 14322: 14320: 14318: 14057: 13766: 13146: 13144: 13142: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13028: 12329: 12319:World Federation of Trade Unions (1973). 12264: 12262: 12120:`Projects will change face of Karimnagar' 11998: 11933:பி.எஸ்.ஆரின் நூற்றாண்டு: வாழ்வும் பணியும் 11793: 11791: 11648: 11646: 11626: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11209: 11207: 11190: 11188: 11007: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10682: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10609: 10579: 10549: 10461: 10398: 10396: 10394: 10392: 10098: 10096: 10094: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9268:Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir 7771:– Member of the first communist group in 3669:(APCCCR) led by T. Nagi Reddy, D.V. Rao, 3120:, whilst he was researching files at the 3075: 2584:(Deputy Leader of CPI in the Lok Sabha), 2485:1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election 1907:1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election 17742: 17740: 17569: 17567: 17565: 17563: 17530: 17359: 17357: 17217: 17071: 17065: 16893: 16277: 16275: 16207: 15924: 15922: 15748: 15734:. Oxford University Press. p. 388. 15566: 15564: 15562: 15560: 15558: 15556: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15548: 15498: 15421: 15369: 15367: 15365: 15363: 15306: 15304: 15302: 15208: 15206: 15204: 15202: 15145:Socialist Communist Interaction in India 14870: 14800: 14798: 14705: 14703: 14701: 14699: 14697: 14695: 14693: 14691: 14689: 14687: 14667:Imperialism and revolution in South Asia 14643: 14641: 14567: 14565: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14209: 14207: 14051: 14005: 14003: 14001: 13999: 13997: 13889: 13887: 13885: 13883: 13838: 13836: 13757: 13684:. Congressional Quarterly. p. 320. 13508: 12868:. N. Chakravartty. 2003. pp. 4, 34. 12753: 12751: 12749: 12631: 12629: 12627: 12625: 12623: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12414: 12412: 12382: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11946: 11944: 11942: 11940: 11907: 11905: 11876: 11874: 11859: 11857: 11730:. National Book Agency. pp. 94–95. 11519: 11517: 11515: 11413: 11250: 11109: 11107: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10654: 10652: 8708: 8706: 7522:– trade union organizer in the 1920s in 7205:in 1928, one of the main accused in the 6283: 4194: 4176: 4127: 4109: 4083: 4053: 4026: 3999: 3984:, and the Kisan Sabha had organized the 3965: 3922: 3867: 3840:After a disappointing experience in the 3804: 3754: 3721: 3702: 3680: 3632: 3563: 3494: 3228: 2490: 1896: 456: 448: 436: 432: 242: 189: 17695: 17693: 17659:. Rajya Sabha Secretariat. p. 363. 17653:India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha (2003). 17449:. Editorial El Viejo Topo. p. 52. 17383:Conflict and Violence in Indian Society 17289:Inside India Today (Routledge Revivals) 17249:. Pearson Education India. p. 96. 17128: 17014: 17000: 16913: 16130:. Young Asia Publications. p. 184. 16103:. Progressive Publishers. p. 123. 15989:Bidyut Chakrabarty (13 November 2014). 15962:B. B. Jena; Jaya Krishna Baral (1988). 15788: 15786: 15784: 15546: 15544: 15542: 15540: 15538: 15536: 15534: 15532: 15530: 15528: 15342:The Indian Journal of Political Science 15162: 14978: 14743: 14664:Kathleen Gough; Hari P. Sharma (1973). 14356:. Rabir Publications. 1987. p. 83. 13615:. Sunrise Publications. p. xxxii. 13330: 13111:. Cengage Learning. pp. 352, 360. 12981: 12979: 12977: 12975: 12856: 12842:. SAGE Publications. pp. 35, 180. 12346: 12276: 12214: 11922: 11827: 11825: 11605: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11326: 11136: 11134: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11085: 10987: 10943:Ram Shakal Singh; Champa Singh (1991). 10847: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10829: 10812: 10810: 10535:. Oxford University Press. p. 69. 10375: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10293: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10275: 10225: 10153: 9762: 9495: 9493: 9378: 9376: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9320: 9318: 9298: 9296: 9264:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference 9249: 9247: 9245: 9235: 9233: 9182: 9180: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9070: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8903: 8901: 8807: 8805: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8775: 8773: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8722: 8720: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8664: 8662: 8635: 8633: 8621: 8619: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8416: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8380: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8241: 8239: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8128: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8081: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7018: 6983: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6573:2nd C. Achutha Menon ministry 1971-1977 6542: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6502: 6500: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6235:All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane) 6136: 6087: 6085: 2610:reported discontent among CPI units in 2571: 2272:Thokchom Bira Singh, Thien Meghchandra 1586:elected at 1956 Palghat Party Congress 530:took over the leadership of the party. 205:In 1964, a major split occurred in the 17780: 17463: 17327:A History of the All India Kisan Sabha 17142:Indian Journal of Industrial Relations 17028: 16948: 15672: 15638:Trade Union Movement, a Social History 15606: 15604: 15602: 15600: 15339: 14867:: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 54. 14776:: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 32. 14581: 14315: 14279:B. B. Goswami; Jayanta Sarkar (1997). 14150:. SAGE Publishing India. p. 140. 14093: 14091: 14061:Indian Communism: Split Within a Split 13740:S.A. Dange and Twentieth Century India 13266: 13264: 13262: 13125: 12992:: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 32. 12958: 12956: 12954: 12952: 12950: 12836:Visalakshi Menon (11 September 2003). 12491: 12397:Indian Journal of Industrial Relations 12259: 12229: 11788: 11672:. INFA Publications. 1986. p. 45. 11643: 11561:. Foundation Books. pp. 323–324. 11484: 11435: 11433: 11347: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11204: 11185: 11099:LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF COM.B.T.RANADIVE 10907:. South Asian Publishers. p. 122. 10726: 10669: 10389: 10273: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10151: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10091: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10061: 10001: 9742:; Mike Enskat; Clemens Spiess (2004). 9545: 9474:- Member of the 1970 Politburo of the 9454:- Member of the 1970 Politburo of the 9334: 9332: 9330: 9196: 9194: 9138: 9012: 9010: 8998: 8996: 8973: 8971: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8943:- Member of the 1970 Politburo of the 8889: 8887: 8885: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8761: 8759: 8757: 8596: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8549: 8547: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8475: 8473: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8166:. He served as Joint Secretary of the 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7401:. One of the accused in the 1929-1933 7384: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7241: 7239: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6663: 6661: 6557:Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly 6498: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 3616:when adopting its 1964 party program. 3485: 3033:February 1963 National Council meeting 2772:In April 1960 the Chinese publication 2768:Bucharest and Peking Conferences: 1960 2531: 277:Indian Communism: Split Within a Split 53:Differences on strategic-tactical line 17737: 17560: 17354: 17242: 17149: 16879: 16865: 16851: 16837: 16776: 16762: 16748: 16734: 16720: 16706: 16692: 16678: 16664: 16650: 16636: 16605: 16591: 16577: 16563: 16549: 16535: 16521: 16507: 16493: 16479: 16465: 16451: 16437: 16423: 16409: 16395: 16381: 16272: 15995:. Taylor & Francis. p. 286. 15951:. South Asian Publishers. p. 49. 15919: 15885:Electoral Politics in Northeast India 15410:CPI pays tributes to Kameshwar Pandit 15360: 15299: 15199: 15062:. National Book Agency. p. 676. 14888:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 31. 14795: 14684: 14670:. Monthly Review Press. p. 339. 14638: 14562: 14464: 14339: 14204: 14113:Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis 13994: 13880: 13875:Left Unity : Bengal's Experience 13833: 12933:. SAGE Publications. pp. 19–21. 12815:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 86. 12746: 12620: 12554: 12409: 11937: 11902: 11871: 11854: 11512: 11498: 11452: 11450: 11426:. Times of India Press. p. 1122. 11403:, vol. 25, no. 9, 1956, pp. 129-143. 11104: 11071:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 27–30. 10972: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10649: 10532:Selected Works of Govind Ballabh Pant 10474:. Lok Sabha Secretariat. p. 345. 10468:India. Parliament. Lok Sabha (2003). 10059: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10041: 9460: 9440: 9396: 9368:Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly 8703: 8047: 8045: 8043: 7994:, Chief Minister of Tripura 1993-1998 7977: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7274: 7272: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7201:in 1927, general secretary of Bengal 7184: 7182: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7125: 7123: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7041: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6391: 3551:or regional right-wing outfits (like 2840:January 1961 National Council meeting 2658:Three standpoints on the border issue 2454:, Hare Krishna Konar, Somnath Lahiri 1530:for a seat in the Central Committee. 691:Consolidation of the party: 1953-1959 24:Split in the Communist Party of India 17690: 17386:. Kanishka Publishers. p. 139. 17350:. National Book Agency. p. 122. 17275:. Sameeksha Trust. 1996. p. 40. 17057:. Firma K.L. Mukhopadhayay. p. 17049:Myron Weiner; Rajni Kothari (1965). 16127:CPI-M, Promises, Prospects, Problems 15968:. Print House (India). p. 213. 15858:. National Book Agency. p. 28. 15781: 15525: 14470: 14417: 13980:. Abhinav Publications. p. 37. 13731: 13552:. Ajanta Publications. p. 254. 13008:. Mittal Publications. p. 123. 12972: 12536:. N. Chakravartty. 1990. p. 33. 12399:, vol. 3, no. 3, 1968, pp. 243–268. 12106: 11840: 11822: 11805: 11591:. Taylor & Francis. p. 64. 11536: 11534: 11467: 11121: 11113:Communist Party of India (Marxist). 10865: 10826: 10807: 9490: 9481: 9407: 9373: 9341: 9315: 9293: 9274:1957-1962, general secretary of the 9242: 9230: 9177: 9168: 9116: 9061: 9019: 8924: 8910: 8898: 8802: 8784: 8770: 8731: 8717: 8687: 8673: 8659: 8630: 8616: 8558: 8504: 8425: 8405: 8389: 8337: 8308: 8236: 8212: 8173: 8123: 8111: 8078: 7493:, later becoming its vice president. 7358:, Executive Committee Member of the 7293:1952-1963. General Secretary of the 6525: 6199: 6082: 4138:The split played out differently in 3326:was increasingly collaborating with 3189:, P. Ramamurthi, M.R. Venkataraman, 3157:National Council meeting: April 1964 3051:Revisionism and Dogmatism in the CPI 2826: 1877:The 4th CPI Party Congress, held in 56:Differences over alliances with the 16986: 16962: 15912:Kangla Lanpung: Volume XIII Issue I 15888:. Universities Press. p. 105. 15757: 15597: 15494:. All India Kisan Sabha. p. 9. 15292:Party Politics in a Himalayan State 15261:. N. M. Tripathi. pp. 203–204. 15007:K. Balagopal; G. Haragopal (1988). 14088: 13863: 13259: 13062:. Mittal Publications. p. 31. 12947: 12638:Rajasthan Directory & Who's who 12519:INDIA: Volunteering into the Vacuum 12342:. Sagar Publications. p. 1655. 12181: 11660: 11430: 11303: 10949:. Mittal Publications. p. 86. 10441: 10252: 10130: 10109:. Sterling Publishers. p. 155. 9510:Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly 9429: 9418: 9385: 9327: 9219: 9191: 9092:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 9007: 8993: 8968: 8950: 8882: 8864: 8823: 8754: 8591: 8573: 8544: 8484: 8470: 8357: 8277: 8106:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly 8070:National Federation of Indian Women 7997: 7921: 7916:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly 7886: 7862: 7821: 7786: 7710: 7667: 7572: 7496: 7459: 7369: 7300: 6995: 6960: 6911: 6858: 6790:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly 6683: 6477: 6398: 6231:All India Kisan Sabha (Ajoy Bhavan) 6221:, Z.A. Ahmed and Karyanand Sharma. 3750: 3645:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly 3097:Nagi Reddy issued a statement from 312:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 13: 17798:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 17500:. SAGE Publications. p. 235. 17494:Bappaditya Paul (27 August 2014). 16941:Trade Unions and Politics in India 16304:. Sterling Publishers. p. 74. 15687:. The Institute. 1986. p. 19. 14964:. SAGE Publications. p. 402. 14833:. Allied Publishers. p. 335. 14739:. Peking review. 1965. p. 17. 14602:T.V. Rajeswar (1 September 2015). 14577:. Peking review. 1965. p. 19. 14353:J & K Yearbook & Who's who 14144:Bappaditya Paul (27 August 2014). 14064:. Vikas Publications. p. 183. 13950:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia 13773:. Konark Publishers. p. 298. 13002:Chandrika Singh (1 January 1987). 12475: 12055:Milinda Banerjee (19 April 2018). 11771:Memoirs, a Political Autobiography 11585:Leslie J Calman (16 August 2019). 11526:RAO, SHRI DEVULAPALLI VENKATESWARA 11447: 10963: 10221:. Sterling Publishers. p. 71. 10038: 9272:Jammu-Kashmir Legislative Assembly 9098:Department 1947-1949, chairman of 9054:in the 1957 election, part of the 8203:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council 8104:1952-1957, 1962-66, Member of the 8040: 7966: 7747: 7694: 7620: 7593: 7541: 7532:Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 7414: 7269: 7216: 7169: 7120: 7069: 7038: 6795: 6746: 6638: 6581: 6377:1982 Legislative Assembly election 3649:Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council 2598:Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2553:In the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti 2495: 2478:Dismissal of the Kerala Government 1918:parliamentary (Lok Sabha) election 1549:After the 20th CPSU congress, the 541:at 1951 Calcutta Party Conference 232:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 14: 17814: 17596:NMML Manuscripts: An Introduction 17409:Contributions to Indian Sociology 16797:Banikantha Bhattacharyya (1986). 16193:. South Asia Books. p. 175. 16100:The Communist Movement in Tripura 16029:. Popular Prakashan. p. 73. 15965:Government and Politics in Orissa 15455:. Bennett, Coleman. p. 1193. 15428:. Indus Publishing. p. 260. 13923:. Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 177. 13681:Russia and the Independent States 13471:Pandurang Ganapati Patil (2002). 12927:David Lockwood (7 January 2016). 12657:Rajasthan Opposition leaders held 11531: 11002:Unpublished Letters of P.C. Joshi 9262:– Member of the Executive of the 9058:bloc in the Legislative Assembly. 8033:(APCCCR) in 1968, co-founded the 7356:Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee 7354:, President and Secretary of the 7289:(1919-2016) General Secretary of 3628: 3592:Marxism and the National Question 3557:All Party Hill Leaders Conference 2908: 2798: 2450:, Bhowani Sen, Jolly Mohan Kaul, 1892: 62:Personality-oriented factionalism 17757: 17630: 17613: 17514: 17400: 17344:Harkishan Singh Surjeet (1995). 17263: 17112: 17082: 16932: 16335: 16256: 16225:. South Asia Books. p. 39. 16180: 16134: 16117: 15819: 15641:. CBH Publications. p. 72. 15581: 15459: 15398: 15381: 15222: 14882:Kamran Asdar Ali (27 May 2015). 14779: 14762: 14727: 14622: 14434: 14360: 14299: 14256: 14223: 14164: 14116:. Scarecrow Press. p. 215. 14035: 14019: 13947:Audrey Kahin (29 October 2015). 13586: 13448: 12809:Claire Chambers (30 July 2015). 12768: 12729: 12713: 12699: 12645: 12576: 12540: 12524: 12507: 12459: 12443: 12200: 12164: 12149: 12125: 12075: 12008:P. Ramamurti A Centenary Trubute 11888: 10004:Studies in Comparative Communism 9705:Thomas Johnson Nossiter (1982). 9355: 9310:Marxist Communist Party of India 8988:West Bengal Legislative Assembly 8859:All India Centre of Trade Unions 8855:Marxist Communist Party of India 7446:West Bengal Legislative Assembly 6904:1954-1959, 1967-1972, Member of 6845:West Bengal Legislative Assembly 6111: 6098: 6073: 6056: 4172: 3800: 3013:. In West Bengal, cadres of the 2940: 2857:Sixth Party Congress: Vijayawada 2789:World Federation of Trade Unions 2642:National Council meeting: Meerut 199:Socialist Unity Party of Germany 17546:. Associated Publishing House. 17177:Giriraj Kishore Sharma (1982). 15668:. Nunes Publishers. p. 39. 14788:The Illustrated Weekly of India 14372:Government of Jammu and Kashmir 13477:. Macmillan India. p. 48. 13383:. Manaktalas. pp. 51, 117. 12763:Trade unionist Y.D. Sharma dead 11389: 11169: 11116:Adhikari, Gangadhar 1898 – 1981 11096:Centre of Indian Trade Unions. 10911: 10894: 10565:. Berghahn Books. p. 264. 10435: 10232:Anupama Rao (13 October 2009). 10180:Political Parties and Democracy 9745:Political Parties in South Asia 9557:M. V. S. Koteswara Rao (2003). 9110:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet 7297:in 1953, WPC President in 1977. 6093:Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 3918: 3771:Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 3596:Maharashtrians, Meralas, etc." 3383:Achintya Bhattacharyya (Assam) 3015:Socialist Unity Centre of India 2791:held the same month in Peking. 2248:S.G. Sardesai, Sudam Deshmukh, 677:1951–52 Indian general election 295:(1982; 1988) and Singh (1994). 281:Radical Politics in West Bengal 17717:Amrita Basu (1 October 1994). 17347:The History of the Kisan Sabha 17286:Dilip Hiro (14 October 2013). 17034:Election Commission of India. 17020:Election Commission of India. 17006:Election Commission of India. 16885:Election Commission of India. 16871:Election Commission of India. 16857:Election Commission of India. 16843:Election Commission of India. 16782:Election Commission of India. 16768:Election Commission of India. 16754:Election Commission of India. 16740:Election Commission of India. 16726:Election Commission of India. 16712:Election Commission of India. 16698:Election Commission of India. 16684:Election Commission of India. 16670:Election Commission of India. 16656:Election Commission of India. 16642:Election Commission of India. 16626:Ravindra Pratap Singh (1981). 16611:Election Commission of India. 16597:Election Commission of India. 16583:Election Commission of India. 16569:Election Commission of India. 16555:Election Commission of India. 16541:Election Commission of India. 16527:Election Commission of India. 16513:Election Commission of India. 16499:Election Commission of India. 16485:Election Commission of India. 16471:Election Commission of India. 16457:Election Commission of India. 16443:Election Commission of India. 16429:Election Commission of India. 16415:Election Commission of India. 16401:Election Commission of India. 16387:Election Commission of India. 16071:Harihar Bhattacharyya (1999). 15909:Dr. R.K Nimai (30 June 2019). 15882:Shibani Kinkar Chaube (1985). 15373:Election Commission of India. 14448:. 25 June 2009. Archived from 13974:G.G. Mirchandani (June 2003). 13642:. Gale Research. p. 327. 12418:Election Commission of India. 12206:Election Commission of India. 11894:Election Commission of India. 11880:Election Commission of India. 11863:Election Commission of India. 11695:Jayaprakash Narayan: 1929-1935 10485:Robin Jeffrey (27 July 2016). 10120:Ronald Elwood Adamson (1966). 10022: 9518:All India Trade Union Congress 9288:International Democratic Party 9276:Democratic National Conference 9149:(1923-1965) - Chairman of the 9102:1948-1953, Editor-in-Chief of 9086:(1902 - 1982) - Member of the 8847:All India Trade Union Congress 8451:1938-1939, Joint Secretary of 7853:All India Trade Union Congress 7849:Rajasthan Legislative Assembly 7738:All India Trade Union Congress 7536:All India Trade Union Congress 7491:All India Trade Union Congress 7454:All India Trade Union Congress 7199:All India Trade Union Congress 7035:in 1970, cousin of G. Adhikari 6177:Centre for Indian Trade Unions 6106:Democratic National Conference 4278:Post-Split Assembly elections 4190: 3961: 3901:All India Trade Union Congress 3817:Democratic National Conference 3309:Bombay and Calcutta Congresses 3104: 2946:Sino–Indian War and internment 2596:(Leader of CPI faction in the 1935:Fifth Party Congress: Amritsar 1579:Fourth Party Congress: Palghat 1067:also members of new Politburo 1: 17272:Economic and Political Weekly 15576:Communist Movement in Kashmir 14942:. Odyssey Press. p. 150. 14925:. Orient Longman. p. 66. 13582:. Prentice-Hall. p. 339. 13523:Veteran Communist leader dead 12468:Flashes from the Trade Unions 10729:Economic and Political Weekly 9538: 8851:Centre of Indian Trade Unions 8845:- Rajasthan secretary of the 8145:. He hailed from present-day 7615:All India Students Federation 7033:Centre of Indian Trade Unions 6849:Chief Minister of West Bengal 4275:Pre-Split Assembly elections 3643:Out of 52 CPI members of the 2890:November 1961 border tensions 2809:third national party congress 2588:(Deputy Leader of CPI in the 696:Third Party Congress: Madurai 539:CPI Central Committee elected 422: 17426:Framework of Indian Politics 17412:. Mouton. 1970. p. 137. 16246:Rakhahari Chatterji (1985). 15945:Rakhahari Chatterji (1980). 14194:Rakhahari Chatterji (1980). 13920:Party and Democracy in India 13417:. Pageant Press. p. 74. 13357:Library of Congress (1965). 13273:Indian Recorder & Digest 13083:Marshall Windmiller (2011). 13035:. K.P. Bagchi. p. 172. 12689:Rakhahari Chatterji (1980). 12672:Marshall Windmiller (1994). 12302:Marshall Windmiller (2011). 12171:Election Commission of India 11988:Marshall Windmiller (2011). 11692:Jayaprakash Narayan (2000). 11479:Obituary: Muqimuddin Farooqi 11379:Marshall Windmiller (2011). 11293:Marshall Windmiller (2011). 10901:Rakhahari Chatterji (1980). 10787:Ross Mallick (12 May 1994). 10016:10.1016/0039-3592(78)90003-0 9151:Communist Party of Indonesia 8449:All India Congress Committee 8260:Bombay Municipal Corporation 8256:All India Congress Committee 8027:1957 Indian general election 7352:All India Congress Committee 6472:1957 Indian general election 6279: 6268:would break the ice, as its 4105: 4010:The bulk of party cadres in 3842:1967 Indian general election 3830:1962 Indian general election 3791:Students Federation of India 3624:The split in the state units 3265:Tenali convention: July 1964 2851:Revisionist Trend in the CPI 2745: 2539:proletarian internationalism 471:1952 Indian general election 409:Election Commission of India 285:Communism in Indian Politics 7: 17324:Md. Abdullah Rasul (1989). 16344:Medunarodni Radnicki Pokret 16298:Manoranjan Mohanty (1977). 15090:Charles R. Kennedy (1984). 15013:. Perspectives. p. 22. 14216:Near East/South Asia Report 13363:. The Library. p. 167. 12722:Communist Party Publication 12372:Shiva Mohan Pandey (1970). 12137:CPI Padayatra in Karimnagar 11178:Accessions List, South Asia 10919:Indian Communist Party, 082 10215:Manoranjan Mohanty (1977). 10010:(4, Winter 1978): 388–409. 9308:- General secretary of the 9056:Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti 9052:Bombay Legislative Assembly 8268:Bombay Legislative Assembly 8199:Madras Legislative Assembly 7949:Kerala Legislative Assembly 7658:Maha Gujarat Janta Parishad 7613:- General secretary of the 7256:Madras Legislative Assembly 6902:Punjab Legislative Assembly 6851:1977-2000, offered post as 6841:Bengal Legislative Assembly 6784:(1913 - 1985) - Elected to 6565:Kerala Legislative Assembly 6361:assembly election in Kerala 3885:Kerala Legislative Assembly 3795:Himachal Pradesh University 3614:right to self-determination 2759:An ailing general secretary 2559:Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti 2256:, Chandra Gupta Choudhury, 249:Indian Communism in Turmoil 237: 197:at the 5th congress of the 10: 17819: 17670:G. G. Mirchandani (1981). 17292:. Routledge. p. 121. 16367:. Progressive Publishers. 16315:Amar Bhattacharya (2007). 16252:. World Press. p. 69. 16097:Pradip Kumar Basu (1996). 16023:Paramjit S. Judge (1992). 15029:Susmita Sen Gupta (2009). 14442:"Ram Piara Saraf Obituary" 12500:World Trade Union Movement 11065:Paramjit S. Judge (1992). 10559:Luisa Steur (1 May 2017). 10442:Ali, Kamran Asdar (2015), 10183:. JHU Press. p. 233. 10103:P. Raghunadha Rao (1983). 8650:Bihar Legislative Assembly 7814:- CPI secretary in Utkal ( 7588:Bombay Legislative Council 7567:Assam Legislative Assembly 7203:Workers and Peasants Party 6052: 4277: 4242:was, however, voted down. 4123: 3995: 3717: 3437:Shankar Dayal Tewari (UP) 3122:National Archives of India 2754:Before the Sino-Indian War 2510:North-East Frontier Agency 2235:L.R. Khandkar, B.K. Gupta 710:Provincial Committee (PC) 428:Turbulent years: 1947-1953 366:were rightist leaders and 71:Sino-Indian border dispute 16488:Jammu & Kashhmir 1962 16163:A Handbook of West Bengal 16160:Sanghamitra Saha (1998). 15449:Sir Stanley Reed (1962). 15255:Paresh Majmundar (1973). 15112:Nageshwar Prasad (1980). 14827:Sada Nand Talwar (1985). 14403:. Springer. p. 268. 13717:. Springer. p. 184. 13678:Daniel C. Diller (1993). 13636:Benjamin Frankel (1992). 13501:India, a Reference Annual 13400:. The Party. p. 210. 12879:Visalakshi Menon (2003). 12433:Sir Stanley Reed (1974). 11420:Sir Stanley Reed (1968). 11344:. Accessed 2 August 2020. 10589:Jawaharlal Nehru (1984). 10491:. Springer. p. 178. 9563:. Prajasakti Book House. 9108:1949-1950, Member of the 8654:Bihar Legislative Council 8611:Bihar Legislative Council 7953:1st Namboodiripad cabinet 6373:All India Communist Party 6191:and all their dalals and 6132:In the mass organisations 5601: 4682: 4660: 4655: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4079: 4049: 4022: 3863: 3533:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 3491:Discrepancies in strength 3359: 3110:Dange Letters: March 1964 2458: 1952: 1947: 1944: 1052: 1043:Central Committee Office 776:Prabhakar Balwant Vaidya 461:CPI election campaign in 349:Factions and nomenclature 113: 108: 83: 78: 46: 36: 28: 23: 17793:Communist Party of India 17673:Assembly Elections, 1980 17576:Daily Report: South Asia 17423:M. M. Sankhdher (1983). 17243:Sinha (September 2004). 17183:. Sterling. p. 160. 16502:Jammu & Kashmir 1967 16219:Asish Kumar Roy (1975). 16187:Asish Kumar Roy (1975). 15992:Left Radicalism in India 15701:G. Palanithurai (1994). 15505:Onkar Chand Sud (1992). 14990:Andhra Pradesh Year Book 14605:India: The Crucial Years 14485:10.1177/0974928419640402 14252:. Printwell. p. 67. 13917:S. N. Sadasivan (1977). 13843:Gurharpal Singh (1994). 13546:Gurharpal Singh (1994). 13460:. July 1960. p. 58. 13256:. Accessed 3 August 2020 13059:States Politics in India 12585:Focus on Regional Issues 11698:. Manohar. p. 122. 11442:CPI leader Farooqui dead 11269:. New Delhi. 5 July 2016 10106:History of Modern Andhra 8453:Congress Socialist Party 8258:for 6 years, elected to 8143:Communist Party of India 8139:Congress Socialist Party 8062:Congress Socialist Party 7961:Chief Minister of Kerala 7777:Congress Socialist Party 7650:Congress Socialist Party 7580:Prabhakar Balwant Vaidya 7348:Congress Socialist Party 7111:Telangana armed struggle 3698: 3676: 3409:S.S. Srivastava (Bihar) 3386:N.L. Upadhyaya (Mysore) 3377:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 2805:Workers Party of Vietnam 2070:, M. Chandrasekhara Rao 1091:Unsuccessful candidates 443:Telangana armed struggle 261:Peking and the Indian CP 219:Indian National Congress 207:Communist Party of India 58:Indian National Congress 17705:What is the Left Front? 17380:Biswajeet Guha (1998). 17078:. Ajit Roy. p. 23. 16969:Revolutionary Democracy 16906:Area Handbook for India 16321:. Sampark. p. 30. 15809:Sharayu Mhatre (1981). 15665:Kerala, the Melting Pot 15393:HP CPI Secy Pandit dead 15295:. National. p. 78. 14540:Thomas Johnson Nossiter 14246:P. P. Bhargava (1995). 14084:. National Book Agency. 13709:Willem Frederik Eekelen 13377:V. M. Sirsikar (1965). 12798:. The Party. p. 2. 12705:All India Kisan Sabha. 12613:8 December 2020 at the 12241:"An Exceptional Leader" 11490:Lok Sabha Secretariat. 10644:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 7291:All India Peace Council 6955:Communist Consolidation 6941:- General Secretary of 6893:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 6853:Prime Minister of India 6843:in 1946, Member of the 6365:1980 Lok Sabha election 6289:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 6266:Workers' Party of Korea 3743:organized a state-wide 3475:, presided by Gopalan. 3461:Shiv Kumar Mishra (UP) 3434:Dinkar Mehta (Gujarat) 3403:Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri 2502:1959 rebellion in Tibet 2322:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 2083:Achintya Bhattacharya, 1658:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 1260:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 934:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 380:Harkishan Singh Surjeet 304:Chinese Communist Party 16632:. Concept. p. 32. 15635:N. Raveendran (1992). 15469:. UNI. 12 January 2019 15289:Ranbir Sharma (1977). 15118:. Allied. p. 18. 13813:A. Moin Zaidi (1992). 13428:Rajan Narayan (2012). 13310:Ouseph Varkey (1974). 13056:Sadhna Sharma (1995). 11395:Windmiller, Marshall. 10624:Jyoti Basu (1914-2010) 9468:Sushital Roy Chowdhury 8799:Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri 8537:and brother-in-law of 8440:Hirendranath Mukherjee 7403:Meerut Conspiracy Case 7207:Meerut Conspiracy Case 7064:Meerut Conspiracy Case 6369:West Bengal Left Front 6296: 4272:State/Union Territory 4259:Sushital Roy Chowdhury 4202: 4184: 4135: 4117: 4091: 4061: 4034: 4007: 3973: 3930: 3875: 3815:In Jammu-Kashmir, the 3812: 3762: 3729: 3710: 3688: 3640: 3519: 3412:Banamali Das (Orissa) 3151:Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri 3135:Meerut Conspiracy Case 3076:Anticipating the split 3019:Workers Party of India 2586:Hirendranath Mukherjee 2326:Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri 2205:T.C. Narayanan Nambiar 1997:Hirendranath Mukherjee 1911:Legislative Assemblies 1902: 1666:the Central Committee 600:the Central Committee 474: 454: 446: 273:Kerala: Yenan of India 202: 17676:. Vikas. p. 97. 17523:Problems of Communism 17477:Problems of Communism 16980:22 April 2016 at the 16124:Cāṇakya Sena (1979). 15376:Himachal Pradesh 1967 13411:Leo Lawrence (1963). 12965:Problems of Communism 12549:SHARMA, SHRI YOGENDRA 11652:Parliament of India. 11540:countercurrents.org. 10922:, in Janda, Kenneth. 10382:Problems of Communism 9512:1957-1962, Member of 9504:(1926 – 14 May 2009) 9266:, Member of the 1952 9153:(PKI) 1959-1965, PKI 8588:Achintya Bhattacharya 8565:M. Chandrasekhara Rao 8205:1978–1984, Member of 8168:All India Kisan Sabha 7963:1969-1970, 1970-1977. 7955:1957-1959, Member of 7918:1958-1962, 1972-1977. 7914:1952-1972, Member of 7448:1952-1962, member of 6943:All India Kisan Sabha 6563:1962-1967, Member of 6559:1952-1954, Member of 6357:Left Democratic Front 6324:(Madhya Pradesh) and 6287: 6206:All India Kisan Sabha 4684:State created in 1966 4341:% in seats contested 4326:% in seats contested 4236:Mao Tse-Tung Zindabad 4198: 4180: 4131: 4113: 4087: 4057: 4030: 4003: 3969: 3926: 3871: 3808: 3758: 3725: 3706: 3684: 3636: 3564:Agrarian demographics 3498: 3458:R.P. Saraf (J&K) 3259:U.S. State Department 3229:Last attempt at unity 2566:Praja Socialist Party 2520:didn't recognize the 2491:Border tensions: 1959 2367:, M.R. Venkataraman, 1900: 1584:CPI Central Committee 480:Independence of India 460: 452: 440: 433:Independence of India 243:Research on the split 193: 16361:Pradip Basu (2000). 16074:Communism in Tripura 15616:R P Saraf is no more 14936:T. G. Jacob (1990). 14249:Trade Union Dynamism 13276:. 1959. p. 284. 12142:4 April 2011 at the 11848:North-East Quarterly 11831:Sen Gupta, Susmita. 11493:Comrade A.K. Gopalan 11200:. 1987. p. 130. 11197:World Marxist Review 9382:Manali C. Kandaswami 9157:member in 1947, PKI 9042:scholar, led a 1955 8984:Constituent Assembly 8921:Shankar Dayal Tewari 8813:Avtar Singh Malhotra 8727:P. Balachandra Menon 8535:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 8519:N. Rajasekhara Reddy 8120:Vishwanath Mukherjee 8037:(UCCRI(ML)) in 1975. 7569:1959-1962, 1967-1972 7197:– vice President of 6736:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 6332:and Sharma (Bihar), 6144:P. Balachandra Menon 6137:Trade union movement 3673:and Kolla Venkaiah. 3368:E.M.S Namboodiripad 3021:were also detained. 2962:Cuban Missile Crisis 2699:Avtar Singh Malhotra 2572:Kongka Pass incident 2426:, Jai Bahadur Singh 2332:, Master Hari Singh 2330:Avtar Singh Malhotra 2213:P. Balachandra Menon 2166:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 1623:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 1171:Vishwanath Mukherjee 1140:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 894:Thokchom Bira Singh 585:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 368:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 327:peaceful coexistence 283:, 1971), Sen Gupta ( 157:E.M.S. Namboodiripad 16903:In-sŏp Sin (1970). 16558:Madhya Pradesh 1967 16544:Madhya Pradesh 1962 16404:Andhra Pradesh 1967 16390:Andhra Pradesh 1962 16347:. 1968. p. 82. 15852:Jyoti Basu (1998). 15662:K. C. John (1991). 15056:Jyoti Basu (1998). 14804:Sharma, Tulsi Ram. 14446:The Daily Excelsior 13711:(6 December 2012). 13574:Robert A. Scalapino 12336:Vimla Kaul (1978). 12225:Fighter all the way 11768:Jyoti Basu (1999). 11724:Jyoti Basu (1998). 11633:John Roosa (1998). 11507:GOPALAN, SHRI A. K. 11439:Rediff On The Net. 9740:Subrata Kumar Mitra 8907:Kali Shanker Shukla 8699:P.K. Vasudevan Nair 8463:recipient in 1990, 8262:in 1940, secretary 8093:Ravi Narayana Reddy 7990:- President of the 7736:- President of the 7295:World Peace Council 6788:in 1955, Member of 6577:Lok Sabha 1977-1979 6070:during this period. 4096:Lal Communist Party 3821:National Conference 3671:Chandra Pulla Reddy 3660:Karimnagar District 3553:Ganatantra Parishad 3545:Bharatiya Jan Sangh 3486:Regional variations 3455:Hare Krishna Konar 2986:Lal Bahadur Shastri 2687:P.K. Vasudevan Nair 2532:Calcutta resolution 2193:P.K. Vasudevan Nair 2066:, K.L. Narasimhan, 2044:Ravi Narayana Reddy 1941: 1815:Ravi Narayana Reddy 1774:Gurucharan Patnaik 1587: 1156:Ravi Narayana Reddy 1085:CC members elected 1079:CC members elected 1073:CC members elected 1065:CC members elected, 1061: 920:Gurucharan Patnaik 706: 542: 488:Telangana Rebellion 213:government and the 17639:Trade Union Record 17075:The Marxist Review 16957:Members Bioprofile 16860:Uttar Pradesh 1967 14452:on 1 February 2010 14058:Mohan Ram (1969). 13977:320 Million Judges 13767:S. S. Rai (1990). 13086:Communism in India 13029:Sunil Sen (1982). 12675:Communism in India 12484:Trade Union Record 12421:Uttar Pradesh 1962 12358:Trade Union Record 12305:Communism in India 12285:Trade Union Record 12236:People's Democracy 12035:People's Democracy 12005:N. Rama Krishnan. 11991:Communism in India 11912:People's Democracy 11655:Obituary Reference 11401:Far Eastern Survey 11382:Communism in India 11296:Communism in India 11143:Far Eastern Survey 9425:Nripen Chakraborty 9414:Nagbhushan Patnaik 9163:violent 1965 purge 8766:V.S. Achuthanandan 8480:Makhdoom Mohiuddin 8467:recipient in 1991. 8401:M. Kalyanasundaram 8264:Girni Kamgar Union 7992:Ganamukti Parishad 7903:Baddam Yella Reddy 7801:Gurucharan Patnaik 7662:Mayor of Ahmedabad 7456:president in 1972. 7059:Gangadhar Adhikari 6934:Hare Krishna Konar 6548:M.N. Govindan Nair 6392:Biographical index 6385:Pannyan Raveendran 6342:Jagjit Singh Anand 6334:M. Kalyanasundaram 6297: 6152:Bhilai Steel Plant 6064:Goa, Daman and Diu 4203: 4185: 4156:Nripen Chakraborty 4136: 4118: 4092: 4074:Nagbhushan Patnaik 4062: 4035: 4008: 3982:Godavari Parulekar 3974: 3933:The communists of 3931: 3876: 3850:Naxalbari uprising 3813: 3763: 3730: 3711: 3689: 3653:Makhdoom Mohiuddin 3641: 3520: 3445:V.S. Achutanandan 3417:M. Hanumantha Rao 3400:M.R. Venkataraman 3179:V.S. Achuthanandan 2821:Hare Krishna Konar 2369:M. Kalyanasundaram 2221:V.S. Achuthanandan 2174:M.N. Govindan Nair 2068:Baddam Yella Reddy 2048:Makhdoom Mohiuddin 1939: 1903: 1852:M.R. Venkataraman 1808:Baddam Yella Reddy 1768:M.N. Govindan Nair 1591:General Secretary 1583: 1557:Modeste Rubinstein 1538:Just prior to the 1512:M. Kalyanasundaram 1465:Gurucharan Patnaik 1230:M.N. Govindan Nair 1059: 977:Baddam Yella Reddy 963:M.R. Venkataraman 704: 546:General Secretary 538: 516:2nd Party Congress 504:Gangadhar Adhikari 475: 455: 447: 384:Hare Krishna Konar 360:M.N. Govindan Nair 269:Marxisms—How Many? 257:Boring from Within 203: 178: • 173: • 165: • 160: • 155: • 150: • 142: • 137: • 134:Hare Krishna Konar 132: • 127: • 122: • 117: • 17803:Political schisms 17730:978-0-520-08919-8 17683:978-0-7069-1288-3 17606:978-81-87614-05-0 17553:978-81-7045-006-1 17507:978-93-5150-109-1 17456:978-84-96356-41-2 17393:978-81-7391-260-3 17299:978-1-135-04823-5 17256:978-81-7758-813-2 17210:978-81-7626-018-3 17105:978-0-8179-8651-3 17072:Ajit Roy (1977). 16830:978-981-320-824-7 16374:978-81-86383-76-6 16328:978-81-7768-053-9 16232:978-0-88386-536-1 16200:978-0-88386-536-1 16173:978-81-85692-24-1 16036:978-81-7154-527-8 16002:978-1-317-66804-6 15975:978-81-85009-31-5 15895:978-0-86131-470-6 15865:978-81-7626-039-8 15838:978-81-7827-064-7 15774:978-1-4529-0361-3 15714:978-81-7391-013-5 15648:978-81-85381-16-9 15518:978-81-85475-15-8 15435:978-81-7387-035-4 15422:V. Verma (1995). 15323:978-81-85024-02-8 15241:978-81-7827-031-9 15192:978-81-7626-011-4 15155:978-81-202-0319-8 15069:978-81-7626-038-1 15042:978-81-7835-742-3 14971:978-81-321-0164-2 14895:978-0-85772-675-9 14677:978-0-85345-273-7 14650:Communist Affairs 14615:978-93-5177-287-3 14555:978-0-905838-40-3 14410:978-94-011-9231-6 14400:Jammu and Kashmir 14292:978-81-85579-38-2 14157:978-93-5150-434-4 14123:978-0-8108-8024-5 13987:978-81-7017-061-7 13960:978-0-8108-7456-5 13856:978-81-202-0403-4 13826:978-81-85355-56-6 13750:978-81-8064-023-0 13724:978-94-015-0715-8 13691:978-0-87187-862-5 13649:978-0-8103-8928-1 13622:978-81-87365-52-5 13559:978-81-202-0403-4 13484:978-0-333-93689-4 13118:978-0-495-00749-4 13069:978-81-7099-619-4 13015:978-81-7099-031-4 12940:978-93-5150-579-2 12892:978-81-241-0939-7 12849:978-81-321-0368-4 12822:978-1-137-31531-1 12775:Mainstream Weekly 12247:on 5 October 2007 12068:978-1-316-99638-6 12040:Comrade Ranen Sen 12018:978-81-89909-33-8 11969:978-93-80325-91-0 11781:978-81-7626-054-1 11737:978-81-7626-037-4 11705:978-81-7304-354-3 11619:The Working Class 11598:978-1-00-030844-0 11568:978-81-7596-316-0 11457:Mainstream Weekly 11359:Mainstream Weekly 11243:978-0-8179-1461-5 11078:978-81-7154-527-8 10997:Mainstream Weekly 10977:Business Standard 10956:978-81-7099-294-3 10800:978-0-19-563235-4 10659:Peoples Democracy 10602:978-0-19-566527-7 10572:978-1-78533-383-5 10542:978-0-19-565637-4 10514:M.N.GOVINDAN NAIR 10511:State of Kerala. 10498:978-1-349-12252-3 10455:978-0-19-940308-0 10245:978-0-520-25761-0 10190:978-0-8018-6863-4 9755:978-0-275-96832-8 9718:978-0-905838-40-3 9570:978-81-86317-37-2 9155:Central Committee 9050:, elected to the 8937:Shiv Kumar Mishra 8713:E.K. Imbichi Bava 8421:Renu Chakravartty 8190:M. Hanumantha Rao 8029:, co-founded the 7883:M.R. Venkataraman 7648:- Founder of the 7487:Central Committee 7266:in 1971 and 1977. 7211:Central Committee 7102:C. Rajeshwara Rao 6839:- Elected to the 6270:general secretary 6200:Peasants movement 6129: 6128: 5977: 5887: 5805: 5715: 5625: 5553: 5463: 5373: 5284: 5194: 5104: 5014: 4924: 4834: 4752: 4680: 4630: 4540: 4450: 4360: 4043:Kolar Gold Fields 3944:Thiruparankundram 3587:Pakistan movement 3555:in Orissa or the 3537:Donald S. Zagoria 3465: 3464: 3431:Promode Dasgupta 3391:M. Basavapunniah 3199:Shiv Kumar Mishra 3183:E.K. Imbichi Bava 2827:Moscow Conference 2691:Renu Chakravartty 2463: 2462: 2424:Shiv Kumar Mishra 2201:E.K. Imbichi Bava 2056:M. Hanumantha Rao 2036:C. Rajeshwara Rao 2001:Parvathi Krishnan 1993:Renu Chakravartty 1875: 1874: 1794:M. Hanumantha Rao 1637:C. Rajeshwara Rao 1520: 1519: 1342:C. Rajeshwara Rao 1284:M. Hanumantha Rao 1237:M.R. Venkataraman 1057: 1056: 984:Travancore-Cochin 732:C. Rajeshwara Rao 672: 671: 528:C. Rajeshwara Rao 482:, CPI was led by 417:hammer and sickle 300:Sino-Soviet split 279:, 1969), Franda ( 255:, 1965), Devlin ( 188: 187: 144:M. Basavapunnaiah 104: 103: 66:Sino-Soviet split 17810: 17772: 17761: 17755: 17744: 17735: 17734: 17714: 17708: 17697: 17688: 17687: 17667: 17661: 17660: 17650: 17644: 17643: 17634: 17628: 17617: 17611: 17610: 17590: 17581: 17580: 17571: 17558: 17557: 17534: 17528: 17527: 17518: 17512: 17511: 17491: 17482: 17481: 17472: 17461: 17460: 17437: 17431: 17430: 17420: 17414: 17413: 17404: 17398: 17397: 17377: 17371: 17370: 17361: 17352: 17351: 17341: 17332: 17331: 17321: 17304: 17303: 17283: 17277: 17276: 17267: 17261: 17260: 17240: 17234: 17233: 17224: 17215: 17214: 17191: 17185: 17184: 17174: 17163: 17162: 17153: 17147: 17146: 17137: 17126: 17125: 17116: 17110: 17109: 17086: 17080: 17079: 17069: 17063: 17062: 17056: 17046: 17040: 17032: 17026: 17018: 17012: 17004: 16998: 16997: 16990: 16984: 16966: 16960: 16952: 16946: 16945: 16936: 16930: 16929: 16920: 16911: 16910: 16900: 16891: 16888:West Bengal 1967 16883: 16877: 16874:West Bengal 1962 16869: 16863: 16855: 16849: 16841: 16835: 16834: 16814: 16805: 16804: 16794: 16788: 16780: 16774: 16766: 16760: 16752: 16746: 16738: 16732: 16729:Pondicherry 1969 16724: 16718: 16715:Pondicherry 1964 16710: 16704: 16696: 16690: 16682: 16676: 16668: 16662: 16654: 16648: 16640: 16634: 16633: 16623: 16617: 16614:Maharashtra 1967 16609: 16603: 16600:Maharashtra 1962 16595: 16589: 16581: 16575: 16567: 16561: 16553: 16547: 16539: 16533: 16525: 16519: 16511: 16505: 16497: 16491: 16483: 16477: 16469: 16463: 16455: 16449: 16441: 16435: 16427: 16421: 16413: 16407: 16399: 16393: 16385: 16379: 16378: 16358: 16349: 16348: 16339: 16333: 16332: 16312: 16306: 16305: 16295: 16289: 16288: 16279: 16270: 16269: 16260: 16254: 16253: 16243: 16237: 16236: 16216: 16205: 16204: 16184: 16178: 16177: 16157: 16148: 16147: 16138: 16132: 16131: 16121: 16115: 16114: 16094: 16079: 16078: 16068: 16041: 16040: 16020: 16007: 16006: 15986: 15980: 15979: 15959: 15953: 15952: 15942: 15936: 15935: 15926: 15917: 15916: 15906: 15900: 15899: 15879: 15870: 15869: 15849: 15843: 15842: 15823: 15817: 15816: 15806: 15800: 15799: 15790: 15779: 15778: 15755: 15746: 15745: 15725: 15719: 15718: 15698: 15689: 15688: 15679: 15670: 15669: 15659: 15653: 15652: 15632: 15619: 15608: 15595: 15594: 15585: 15579: 15568: 15523: 15522: 15502: 15496: 15495: 15485: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15474: 15463: 15457: 15456: 15446: 15440: 15439: 15419: 15413: 15402: 15396: 15385: 15379: 15371: 15358: 15357: 15337: 15328: 15327: 15308: 15297: 15296: 15286: 15263: 15262: 15252: 15246: 15245: 15226: 15220: 15219: 15210: 15197: 15196: 15177: 15160: 15159: 15136: 15130: 15129: 15109: 15098: 15097: 15087: 15074: 15073: 15053: 15047: 15046: 15026: 15015: 15014: 15004: 14995: 14994: 14985: 14976: 14975: 14955: 14944: 14943: 14933: 14927: 14926: 14913: 14900: 14899: 14879: 14868: 14858: 14845: 14844: 14824: 14811: 14802: 14793: 14792: 14783: 14777: 14766: 14760: 14754: 14741: 14740: 14731: 14725: 14715: 14682: 14681: 14661: 14655: 14654: 14645: 14636: 14635: 14626: 14620: 14619: 14599: 14593: 14590: 14579: 14578: 14569: 14560: 14559: 14536: 14513: 14512: 14468: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14457: 14438: 14432: 14421: 14415: 14414: 14394: 14388: 14387: 14385: 14383: 14374:. Archived from 14364: 14358: 14357: 14348: 14337: 14326: 14313: 14312: 14303: 14297: 14296: 14276: 14270: 14269: 14265:Democratic World 14260: 14254: 14253: 14243: 14237: 14236: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14211: 14202: 14201: 14191: 14178: 14177: 14168: 14162: 14161: 14141: 14128: 14127: 14107: 14098: 14095: 14086: 14085: 14072: 14066: 14065: 14055: 14049: 14048: 14039: 14033: 14032: 14023: 14017: 14016: 14007: 13992: 13991: 13971: 13965: 13964: 13944: 13935: 13934: 13914: 13901: 13900: 13891: 13878: 13867: 13861: 13860: 13840: 13831: 13830: 13810: 13801: 13800: 13791: 13785: 13784: 13764: 13755: 13754: 13735: 13729: 13728: 13705: 13696: 13695: 13675: 13654: 13653: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13606: 13600: 13599: 13590: 13584: 13583: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13543: 13526: 13515: 13506: 13505: 13495: 13489: 13488: 13468: 13462: 13461: 13452: 13446: 13445: 13425: 13419: 13418: 13414:Nehru Seizes Goa 13408: 13402: 13401: 13391: 13385: 13384: 13374: 13365: 13364: 13354: 13348: 13337: 13328: 13327: 13307: 13278: 13277: 13268: 13257: 13246: 13123: 13122: 13102: 13091: 13090: 13080: 13074: 13073: 13053: 13047: 13046: 13026: 13020: 13019: 12999: 12993: 12983: 12970: 12969: 12960: 12945: 12944: 12924: 12897: 12896: 12876: 12870: 12869: 12860: 12854: 12853: 12833: 12827: 12826: 12806: 12800: 12799: 12789: 12783: 12772: 12766: 12755: 12744: 12733: 12727: 12726: 12717: 12711: 12703: 12697: 12696: 12686: 12680: 12679: 12669: 12660: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12633: 12618: 12603: 12590: 12589: 12580: 12574: 12563: 12552: 12544: 12538: 12537: 12528: 12522: 12511: 12505: 12504: 12495: 12489: 12488: 12479: 12473: 12472: 12463: 12457: 12456: 12447: 12441: 12440: 12430: 12424: 12416: 12407: 12389: 12380: 12379: 12369: 12363: 12362: 12353: 12344: 12343: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12299: 12290: 12289: 12280: 12274: 12266: 12257: 12256: 12254: 12252: 12243:. Archived from 12233: 12227: 12221: 12212: 12204: 12198: 12185: 12179: 12168: 12162: 12153: 12147: 12129: 12123: 12110: 12104: 12096: 12090: 12079: 12073: 12072: 12052: 12043: 12032: 12023: 12022: 12002: 11996: 11995: 11985: 11974: 11973: 11954: 11935: 11926: 11920: 11909: 11900: 11892: 11886: 11878: 11869: 11861: 11852: 11844: 11838: 11829: 11820: 11809: 11803: 11800:C. Achutha Menon 11795: 11786: 11785: 11765: 11742: 11741: 11721: 11710: 11709: 11689: 11674: 11673: 11664: 11658: 11650: 11641: 11640: 11630: 11624: 11623: 11614: 11603: 11602: 11582: 11573: 11572: 11552: 11546: 11538: 11529: 11521: 11510: 11502: 11496: 11488: 11482: 11471: 11465: 11454: 11445: 11437: 11428: 11427: 11417: 11411: 11393: 11387: 11386: 11376: 11367: 11356: 11345: 11334: 11301: 11300: 11290: 11279: 11278: 11276: 11274: 11257: 11248: 11247: 11227: 11221: 11220: 11211: 11202: 11201: 11192: 11183: 11182: 11173: 11167: 11166: 11138: 11119: 11111: 11102: 11094: 11083: 11082: 11062: 11005: 10994: 10985: 10974: 10961: 10960: 10940: 10927: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10898: 10892: 10891: 10863: 10824: 10823: 10814: 10805: 10804: 10784: 10753: 10752: 10724: 10667: 10656: 10647: 10636: 10627: 10616: 10607: 10606: 10586: 10577: 10576: 10556: 10547: 10546: 10526: 10517: 10509: 10503: 10502: 10482: 10476: 10475: 10465: 10459: 10458: 10439: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10422: 10411: 10400: 10387: 10386: 10377: 10250: 10249: 10229: 10223: 10222: 10212: 10195: 10194: 10174: 10165: 10155: 10128: 10127: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10100: 10089: 10081: 10036: 10035: 10026: 10020: 10019: 9999: 9760: 9759: 9736: 9723: 9722: 9702: 9575: 9574: 9554: 9532: 9527: 9521: 9508:- Member of the 9497: 9488: 9487:Raj Bahadur Gour 9485: 9479: 9464: 9458: 9444: 9438: 9433: 9427: 9422: 9416: 9411: 9405: 9400: 9394: 9389: 9383: 9380: 9371: 9359: 9353: 9350: 9339: 9336: 9325: 9322: 9313: 9300: 9291: 9270:, Member of the 9251: 9240: 9237: 9228: 9223: 9217: 9210: 9198: 9189: 9184: 9175: 9172: 9166: 9142: 9136: 9134:Promode Dasgupta 9131: 9114: 9079: 9068: 9067:Jolly Mohan Kaul 9065: 9059: 9034:- CPI leader in 9023: 9017: 9014: 9005: 9000: 8991: 8975: 8966: 8961: 8948: 8933: 8922: 8919: 8908: 8905: 8896: 8891: 8880: 8875: 8862: 8834: 8821: 8809: 8800: 8797: 8782: 8777: 8768: 8763: 8752: 8751: 8740: 8729: 8724: 8715: 8710: 8701: 8696: 8685: 8682: 8671: 8669:Karyanand Sharma 8666: 8657: 8637: 8628: 8626:Jagannath Sarkar 8623: 8614: 8598: 8589: 8586: 8571: 8562: 8556: 8554:Guntur Bapanaiah 8551: 8542: 8527: 8515: 8502: 8497: 8482: 8477: 8468: 8436: 8423: 8418: 8403: 8398: 8387: 8385:M. Basavapunniah 8382: 8355: 8352: 8335: 8324: 8312: 8306: 8305: 8294: 8275: 8243: 8234: 8229: 8210: 8186: 8171: 8134:B. Srinivasa Rao 8130: 8121: 8118: 8109: 8100:- Member of the 8089: 8076: 8049: 8038: 8010: 7995: 7979: 7964: 7940:C. Achutha Menon 7936: 7919: 7899: 7884: 7881: 7860: 7843:(1922 - ?) 7836: 7819: 7809: 7797: 7784: 7775:, leader of the 7760: 7745: 7725: 7708: 7705: 7692: 7680: 7665: 7637: 7618: 7602: 7591: 7576: 7570: 7554: 7539: 7515:Sant Singh Yusuf 7511: 7494: 7474: 7457: 7442:Anushilan Samiti 7429: 7412: 7397:- Active in the 7390:Sohan Singh Josh 7386: 7367: 7346:- Member of the 7335: 7298: 7282: 7267: 7243: 7214: 7186: 7167: 7159: 7118: 7098: 7067: 7055: 7036: 7020: 6993: 6985: 6958: 6953:and founded the 6930: 6909: 6889: 6856: 6828: 6793: 6777: 6744: 6732: 6681: 6665: 6636: 6600: 6579: 6544: 6523: 6504: 6475: 6455: 6348:(Karnataka) and 6338:C.K. Chandrappan 6219:Jagannath Sarkar 6121: 6115: 6109: 6102: 6096: 6089: 6080: 6077: 6071: 6060: 6036: 6029: 6013: 6006: 5990: 5983: 5967: 5946: 5939: 5923: 5916: 5900: 5893: 5877: 5856: 5849: 5833: 5826: 5813: 5795: 5774: 5767: 5751: 5744: 5728: 5721: 5705: 5684: 5677: 5661: 5654: 5638: 5631: 5615: 5589: 5582: 5566: 5559: 5543: 5522: 5515: 5499: 5492: 5476: 5469: 5453: 5432: 5425: 5409: 5402: 5386: 5379: 5363: 5342: 5335: 5319: 5312: 5297: 5290: 5274: 5253: 5246: 5230: 5223: 5207: 5200: 5184: 5163: 5156: 5140: 5133: 5117: 5110: 5094: 5073: 5066: 5050: 5043: 5027: 5020: 5004: 4983: 4976: 4960: 4953: 4937: 4930: 4914: 4893: 4886: 4870: 4863: 4847: 4840: 4824: 4803: 4796: 4780: 4773: 4760: 4742: 4739:Himachal Pradesh 4721: 4714: 4698: 4691: 4674: 4643: 4636: 4620: 4599: 4592: 4576: 4569: 4553: 4546: 4530: 4509: 4502: 4486: 4479: 4463: 4456: 4440: 4419: 4412: 4396: 4389: 4373: 4366: 4350: 4338:% of state vote 4323:% of state vote 4269: 4268: 4255:Kanai Chatterjee 3780:Kameshwar Pandit 3760:Himachal Pradesh 3751:Himachal Pradesh 3339: 3338: 3287:Friedrich Engels 3126:Viceroy of India 3011:C. Achutha Menon 2847:Promode Dasgupta 2381:B. Srinivasa Rao 2318:Sohan Singh Josh 2215:, C.H. Kanaran, 2197:Rosamma Punnoose 2195:, K.K. Warrier, 2190: 2170:C. Achutha Menon 2116:Karyanand Sharma 2108:Jagannath Sarkar 2064:Guntur Bapanaiah 2040:M. Basavapunniah 1942: 1938: 1761:C. Achutha Menon 1747:Sohan Singh Josh 1686:M. Basavapunniah 1664:Other members of 1588: 1582: 1565: 1438:M. Basavapunniah 1310:Sohan Singh Josh 1212:B. Srinivasa Rao 1188:C. Achutha Menon 1062: 1058: 992:C. Achutha Menon 707: 703: 634:Sohan Singh Josh 598:Other members of 543: 537: 520:Zhdanov Doctrine 492:Tebhaga movement 129:Promode Dasgupta 85: 84: 21: 20: 17818: 17817: 17813: 17812: 17811: 17809: 17808: 17807: 17778: 17777: 17776: 17775: 17762: 17758: 17745: 17738: 17731: 17715: 17711: 17698: 17691: 17684: 17668: 17664: 17651: 17647: 17636: 17635: 17631: 17618: 17614: 17607: 17591: 17584: 17573: 17572: 17561: 17554: 17535: 17531: 17520: 17519: 17515: 17508: 17492: 17485: 17474: 17473: 17464: 17457: 17438: 17434: 17421: 17417: 17406: 17405: 17401: 17394: 17378: 17374: 17363: 17362: 17355: 17342: 17335: 17322: 17307: 17300: 17284: 17280: 17269: 17268: 17264: 17257: 17241: 17237: 17229:Socialist India 17226: 17225: 17218: 17211: 17192: 17188: 17175: 17166: 17155: 17154: 17150: 17139: 17138: 17129: 17118: 17117: 17113: 17106: 17088: 17087: 17083: 17070: 17066: 17047: 17043: 17033: 17029: 17019: 17015: 17005: 17001: 16992: 16991: 16987: 16982:Wayback Machine 16967: 16963: 16953: 16949: 16938: 16937: 16933: 16922: 16921: 16914: 16901: 16894: 16884: 16880: 16870: 16866: 16856: 16852: 16842: 16838: 16831: 16815: 16808: 16795: 16791: 16781: 16777: 16767: 16763: 16753: 16749: 16739: 16735: 16725: 16721: 16711: 16707: 16697: 16693: 16683: 16679: 16669: 16665: 16655: 16651: 16641: 16637: 16624: 16620: 16610: 16606: 16596: 16592: 16582: 16578: 16568: 16564: 16554: 16550: 16540: 16536: 16526: 16522: 16512: 16508: 16498: 16494: 16484: 16480: 16470: 16466: 16456: 16452: 16442: 16438: 16428: 16424: 16414: 16410: 16400: 16396: 16386: 16382: 16375: 16359: 16352: 16341: 16340: 16336: 16329: 16313: 16309: 16296: 16292: 16281: 16280: 16273: 16265:New Left Review 16262: 16261: 16257: 16244: 16240: 16233: 16217: 16208: 16201: 16185: 16181: 16174: 16158: 16151: 16140: 16139: 16135: 16122: 16118: 16111: 16095: 16082: 16069: 16044: 16037: 16021: 16010: 16003: 15987: 15983: 15976: 15960: 15956: 15943: 15939: 15928: 15927: 15920: 15907: 15903: 15896: 15880: 15873: 15866: 15850: 15846: 15839: 15825: 15824: 15820: 15807: 15803: 15792: 15791: 15782: 15775: 15756: 15749: 15742: 15726: 15722: 15715: 15699: 15692: 15681: 15680: 15673: 15660: 15656: 15649: 15633: 15622: 15611:Greater Kashmir 15609: 15598: 15587: 15586: 15582: 15569: 15526: 15519: 15503: 15499: 15486: 15482: 15472: 15470: 15465: 15464: 15460: 15447: 15443: 15436: 15420: 15416: 15403: 15399: 15386: 15382: 15372: 15361: 15338: 15331: 15324: 15310: 15309: 15300: 15287: 15266: 15253: 15249: 15242: 15228: 15227: 15223: 15212: 15211: 15200: 15193: 15179: 15178: 15163: 15156: 15137: 15133: 15126: 15110: 15101: 15088: 15077: 15070: 15054: 15050: 15043: 15027: 15018: 15005: 14998: 14987: 14986: 14979: 14972: 14956: 14947: 14934: 14930: 14914: 14903: 14896: 14880: 14871: 14859: 14848: 14841: 14825: 14814: 14803: 14796: 14785: 14784: 14780: 14767: 14763: 14755: 14744: 14733: 14732: 14728: 14716: 14685: 14678: 14662: 14658: 14647: 14646: 14639: 14628: 14627: 14623: 14616: 14600: 14596: 14591: 14582: 14571: 14570: 14563: 14556: 14537: 14516: 14473:India Quarterly 14469: 14465: 14455: 14453: 14440: 14439: 14435: 14422: 14418: 14411: 14395: 14391: 14381: 14379: 14378:on 12 June 2010 14366: 14365: 14361: 14350: 14349: 14340: 14327: 14316: 14305: 14304: 14300: 14293: 14277: 14273: 14262: 14261: 14257: 14244: 14240: 14229: 14228: 14224: 14213: 14212: 14205: 14192: 14181: 14170: 14169: 14165: 14158: 14142: 14131: 14124: 14108: 14101: 14096: 14089: 14073: 14069: 14056: 14052: 14041: 14040: 14036: 14025: 14024: 14020: 14009: 14008: 13995: 13988: 13972: 13968: 13961: 13945: 13938: 13931: 13915: 13904: 13893: 13892: 13881: 13868: 13864: 13857: 13841: 13834: 13827: 13811: 13804: 13796:Foreign Affairs 13793: 13792: 13788: 13781: 13765: 13758: 13751: 13737: 13736: 13732: 13725: 13706: 13699: 13692: 13676: 13657: 13650: 13634: 13630: 13623: 13607: 13603: 13592: 13591: 13587: 13571: 13567: 13560: 13544: 13529: 13516: 13509: 13496: 13492: 13485: 13469: 13465: 13454: 13453: 13449: 13442: 13426: 13422: 13409: 13405: 13392: 13388: 13375: 13368: 13360:Subject Catalog 13355: 13351: 13338: 13331: 13324: 13308: 13281: 13270: 13269: 13260: 13247: 13126: 13119: 13103: 13094: 13081: 13077: 13070: 13054: 13050: 13043: 13027: 13023: 13016: 13000: 12996: 12984: 12973: 12962: 12961: 12948: 12941: 12925: 12900: 12893: 12877: 12873: 12862: 12861: 12857: 12850: 12834: 12830: 12823: 12807: 12803: 12790: 12786: 12773: 12769: 12756: 12747: 12734: 12730: 12719: 12718: 12714: 12704: 12700: 12687: 12683: 12670: 12663: 12650: 12646: 12635: 12634: 12621: 12615:Wayback Machine 12604: 12593: 12582: 12581: 12577: 12564: 12555: 12545: 12541: 12530: 12529: 12525: 12512: 12508: 12497: 12496: 12492: 12481: 12480: 12476: 12465: 12464: 12460: 12449: 12448: 12444: 12431: 12427: 12417: 12410: 12390: 12383: 12370: 12366: 12355: 12354: 12347: 12334: 12330: 12317: 12313: 12300: 12293: 12282: 12281: 12277: 12267: 12260: 12250: 12248: 12239: 12234: 12230: 12222: 12215: 12205: 12201: 12186: 12182: 12169: 12165: 12154: 12150: 12144:Wayback Machine 12130: 12126: 12111: 12107: 12097: 12093: 12080: 12076: 12069: 12053: 12046: 12033: 12026: 12019: 12003: 11999: 11986: 11977: 11970: 11956: 11955: 11938: 11927: 11923: 11910: 11903: 11893: 11889: 11879: 11872: 11862: 11855: 11845: 11841: 11830: 11823: 11817:Phani Bora dead 11810: 11806: 11796: 11789: 11782: 11766: 11745: 11738: 11722: 11713: 11706: 11690: 11677: 11669:India Who's who 11666: 11665: 11661: 11651: 11644: 11631: 11627: 11616: 11615: 11606: 11599: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11553: 11549: 11539: 11532: 11522: 11513: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11485: 11474:The Independent 11472: 11468: 11455: 11448: 11438: 11431: 11418: 11414: 11394: 11390: 11377: 11370: 11357: 11348: 11335: 11304: 11291: 11282: 11272: 11270: 11259: 11258: 11251: 11244: 11228: 11224: 11213: 11212: 11205: 11194: 11193: 11186: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11155:10.2307/3023926 11139: 11122: 11112: 11105: 11095: 11086: 11079: 11063: 11008: 10995: 10988: 10975: 10964: 10957: 10941: 10930: 10916: 10912: 10899: 10895: 10880:10.2307/2642755 10874:(10): 984–991. 10864: 10827: 10816: 10815: 10808: 10801: 10785: 10756: 10725: 10670: 10657: 10650: 10637: 10630: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10587: 10580: 10573: 10557: 10550: 10543: 10527: 10520: 10510: 10506: 10499: 10483: 10479: 10466: 10462: 10456: 10448:, p. 319, 10440: 10436: 10428: 10424: 10423: 10414: 10401: 10390: 10379: 10378: 10253: 10246: 10230: 10226: 10213: 10198: 10191: 10175: 10168: 10156: 10131: 10118: 10114: 10101: 10092: 10082: 10039: 10031:Socialist India 10028: 10027: 10023: 10000: 9763: 9756: 9737: 9726: 9719: 9703: 9578: 9571: 9555: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9535: 9528: 9524: 9498: 9491: 9486: 9482: 9465: 9461: 9445: 9441: 9434: 9430: 9423: 9419: 9412: 9408: 9401: 9397: 9392:Shivaji Patnaik 9390: 9386: 9381: 9374: 9360: 9356: 9351: 9342: 9337: 9328: 9323: 9316: 9303:S.S. Srivastava 9301: 9294: 9252: 9243: 9238: 9231: 9226:Saroj Mukherjee 9224: 9220: 9204: 9199: 9192: 9185: 9178: 9173: 9169: 9143: 9139: 9132: 9117: 9080: 9071: 9066: 9062: 9024: 9020: 9015: 9008: 9001: 8994: 8976: 8969: 8962: 8951: 8934: 8925: 8920: 8911: 8906: 8899: 8892: 8883: 8876: 8865: 8835: 8824: 8810: 8803: 8798: 8785: 8778: 8771: 8764: 8755: 8745: 8741: 8732: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8697: 8688: 8683: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8641:Sunil Mukherjee 8638: 8631: 8624: 8617: 8602:Indradeep Sinha 8599: 8592: 8587: 8574: 8563: 8559: 8552: 8545: 8521: 8516: 8505: 8498: 8485: 8478: 8471: 8437: 8426: 8419: 8406: 8399: 8390: 8383: 8358: 8353: 8338: 8318: 8313: 8309: 8299: 8295: 8278: 8244: 8237: 8230: 8213: 8187: 8174: 8149:, but moved to 8131: 8124: 8119: 8112: 8090: 8079: 8050: 8041: 8011: 7998: 7980: 7967: 7937: 7922: 7900: 7887: 7882: 7863: 7837: 7822: 7803: 7798: 7787: 7761: 7748: 7742:mayor of Bombay 7726: 7711: 7706: 7695: 7681: 7668: 7638: 7621: 7603: 7594: 7577: 7573: 7555: 7542: 7512: 7497: 7475: 7460: 7430: 7415: 7387: 7370: 7336: 7301: 7283: 7270: 7244: 7217: 7187: 7170: 7160: 7121: 7099: 7070: 7056: 7039: 7021: 6996: 6986: 6961: 6937:(1915 – 1974) 6931: 6912: 6890: 6859: 6829: 6796: 6778: 6747: 6733: 6684: 6666: 6639: 6621:Mukti Sangharsh 6604:Yogendra Sharma 6601: 6582: 6545: 6526: 6505: 6478: 6456: 6399: 6394: 6367:the CPI(M)-led 6363:. Ahead of the 6330:Indradeep Sinha 6326:Sunil Mukherjee 6316:(Maharashtra), 6282: 6243: 6204:As of 1963 the 6202: 6139: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6103: 6099: 6090: 6083: 6078: 6074: 6061: 6057: 6037: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6014: 6011: 6007: 6004: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5966: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5901: 5898: 5894: 5891: 5876: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5814: 5811: 5794: 5775: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5752: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5704: 5685: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5614: 5603:Did not contest 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5542: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5500: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5477: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5452: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5362: 5343: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5273: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5208: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5183: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5093: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5064: 5051: 5048: 5044: 5041: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5003: 4984: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4913: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4823: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4761: 4758: 4741: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4673: 4662:Did not contest 4657:Did not contest 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4619: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4529: 4510: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4487: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4439: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4364: 4349: 4310: 4267: 4193: 4175: 4126: 4108: 4082: 4066:Shivaji Patnaik 4052: 4025: 3998: 3964: 3921: 3889:K.R. Gowri Amma 3866: 3803: 3753: 3720: 3701: 3679: 3631: 3626: 3583: 3566: 3549:Swatantra Party 3493: 3488: 3480:Boris Ponomarev 3426:Balsubramanian 3423:S.V. Parulekar 3397:S.Y. Kolhatkar 3380:Muzaffar Ahmed 3342:Andhra Pradesh 3311: 3267: 3240: 3231: 3187:Saroj Mukherjee 3159: 3112: 3107: 3078: 3035: 2952:Sino-Indian War 2948: 2943: 2911: 2892: 2859: 2842: 2829: 2801: 2770: 2761: 2756: 2748: 2693:(West Bengal), 2685:(Maharashtra), 2660: 2644: 2607:Hindustan Times 2574: 2555: 2534: 2498: 2496:Longju incident 2493: 2480: 2377:P. Jeevanandham 2209:K.A. Keraleeyan 2184: 2152:, Chiman Mehta 2112:Sunil Mukherjee 2104:Indradeep Sinha 2100:Yogendra Sharma 1949: 1937: 1895: 1839:Yogendra Sharma 1665: 1585: 1581: 1559: 1536: 1390:Yogendra Sharma 1066: 907:C.D. Chaudhary 834:Sudam Deshmukh 762:Yogendra Sharma 714: 698: 693: 599: 540: 536: 512: 435: 430: 425: 351: 339:Swatantra Party 293:Thomas Nossiter 289:Kaviraj Sudipta 251:, 1963), Wood ( 245: 240: 227:Sino-Indian War 184: 183: 177: 170: 164: 159: 154: 147: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 100: 95: 90: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17816: 17806: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17774: 17773: 17756: 17747:Economic Times 17736: 17729: 17709: 17689: 17682: 17662: 17645: 17629: 17620:Times of India 17612: 17605: 17582: 17559: 17552: 17529: 17513: 17506: 17483: 17462: 17455: 17432: 17415: 17399: 17392: 17372: 17353: 17333: 17305: 17298: 17278: 17262: 17255: 17235: 17216: 17209: 17186: 17164: 17148: 17127: 17111: 17104: 17081: 17064: 17041: 17027: 17013: 16999: 16985: 16961: 16947: 16931: 16912: 16892: 16878: 16864: 16850: 16836: 16829: 16806: 16789: 16785:Rajasthan 1967 16775: 16771:Rajasthan 1962 16761: 16747: 16733: 16719: 16705: 16691: 16677: 16673:Karnataka 1967 16663: 16659:Karnataka 1962 16649: 16635: 16618: 16604: 16590: 16576: 16562: 16548: 16534: 16520: 16506: 16492: 16478: 16464: 16450: 16436: 16422: 16408: 16394: 16380: 16373: 16350: 16334: 16327: 16307: 16290: 16271: 16255: 16238: 16231: 16206: 16199: 16179: 16172: 16149: 16133: 16116: 16109: 16080: 16042: 16035: 16008: 16001: 15981: 15974: 15954: 15937: 15918: 15901: 15894: 15871: 15864: 15844: 15837: 15818: 15801: 15780: 15773: 15747: 15740: 15720: 15713: 15690: 15671: 15654: 15647: 15620: 15596: 15580: 15524: 15517: 15497: 15480: 15458: 15441: 15434: 15414: 15397: 15380: 15359: 15348:(4): 494–505. 15329: 15322: 15298: 15264: 15247: 15240: 15221: 15198: 15191: 15161: 15154: 15131: 15124: 15099: 15075: 15068: 15048: 15041: 15016: 14996: 14977: 14970: 14945: 14928: 14901: 14894: 14869: 14846: 14839: 14812: 14794: 14778: 14768:Basu, Pradip. 14761: 14742: 14726: 14683: 14676: 14656: 14637: 14621: 14614: 14594: 14580: 14561: 14554: 14514: 14479:(4): 372–390. 14463: 14433: 14424:Karat, Prakash 14416: 14409: 14389: 14359: 14338: 14314: 14308:Asian Recorder 14298: 14291: 14271: 14255: 14238: 14222: 14203: 14179: 14163: 14156: 14129: 14122: 14099: 14087: 14076:Muzaffar Ahmad 14067: 14050: 14034: 14018: 13993: 13986: 13966: 13959: 13936: 13929: 13902: 13879: 13862: 13855: 13832: 13825: 13802: 13786: 13779: 13756: 13749: 13730: 13723: 13697: 13690: 13655: 13648: 13628: 13621: 13601: 13585: 13565: 13558: 13527: 13507: 13490: 13483: 13463: 13457:Current Events 13447: 13440: 13420: 13403: 13386: 13366: 13349: 13329: 13322: 13279: 13258: 13124: 13117: 13092: 13075: 13068: 13048: 13041: 13021: 13014: 12994: 12971: 12946: 12939: 12898: 12891: 12871: 12855: 12848: 12828: 12821: 12801: 12784: 12767: 12745: 12728: 12712: 12698: 12681: 12661: 12644: 12619: 12591: 12575: 12553: 12539: 12523: 12506: 12490: 12474: 12458: 12442: 12425: 12408: 12391:Pandey, S. M. 12381: 12364: 12345: 12328: 12311: 12291: 12275: 12258: 12228: 12213: 12199: 12180: 12163: 12148: 12124: 12105: 12091: 12074: 12067: 12044: 12024: 12017: 11997: 11975: 11968: 11936: 11921: 11901: 11887: 11870: 11853: 11839: 11821: 11804: 11797:Niyama Sabha. 11787: 11780: 11743: 11736: 11711: 11704: 11675: 11659: 11642: 11625: 11604: 11597: 11574: 11567: 11547: 11530: 11511: 11497: 11483: 11466: 11446: 11429: 11412: 11388: 11368: 11346: 11302: 11280: 11249: 11242: 11222: 11203: 11184: 11168: 11120: 11103: 11084: 11077: 11006: 10986: 10962: 10955: 10928: 10910: 10893: 10825: 10806: 10799: 10754: 10735:(5): 199–202. 10668: 10648: 10628: 10608: 10601: 10578: 10571: 10548: 10541: 10518: 10504: 10497: 10477: 10460: 10454: 10434: 10412: 10388: 10251: 10244: 10224: 10196: 10189: 10166: 10129: 10112: 10090: 10037: 10021: 9761: 9754: 9724: 9717: 9576: 9569: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9522: 9506:Madhya Pradesh 9489: 9480: 9459: 9439: 9436:Charu Majumdar 9428: 9417: 9406: 9403:D.B.M. Patnaik 9395: 9384: 9372: 9354: 9352:S.V. Parulekar 9340: 9326: 9324:S.Y. Kolhatkar 9314: 9292: 9282:, led his own 9241: 9229: 9218: 9190: 9176: 9167: 9137: 9115: 9083:Mikhail Suslov 9069: 9060: 9018: 9006: 9003:Jharkhande Rai 8992: 8979:Somnath Lahiri 8967: 8964:Indrajit Gupta 8949: 8923: 8909: 8897: 8881: 8863: 8822: 8801: 8783: 8780:B.V. Kakkilaya 8769: 8753: 8730: 8716: 8702: 8686: 8672: 8658: 8629: 8615: 8590: 8572: 8568:Andhra Pradesh 8557: 8543: 8531:Andhra Pradesh 8503: 8483: 8469: 8465:Padma Vibhusan 8424: 8404: 8388: 8356: 8336: 8307: 8276: 8235: 8211: 8195:Andhra Pradesh 8172: 8156:Tamil language 8122: 8110: 8098:Andhra Pradesh 8077: 8060:- Part of the 8056:(1910 - 2003) 8039: 8019:Andhra Pradesh 8017:(1917 - 1984) 7996: 7965: 7943:(1913 – 1991) 7920: 7908:Andhra Pradesh 7885: 7861: 7820: 7785: 7767:(1912 - 1976) 7746: 7709: 7707:Sudam Deshmukh 7693: 7684:N.L. Upadhyaya 7666: 7644:(1907 - 1989) 7619: 7592: 7571: 7561:(1923 – 2004) 7540: 7495: 7481:(1918 - 2004) 7458: 7413: 7399:Akali movement 7368: 7299: 7286:Romesh Chandra 7268: 7215: 7190:Muzaffar Ahmed 7168: 7119: 7115:Order of Lenin 7107:Andhra Pradesh 7068: 7037: 7027:(1904 - 1990) 6994: 6959: 6910: 6896:(1916 - 2008) 6857: 6794: 6745: 6682: 6672:(1914 - 1984) 6637: 6580: 6551:(1910 – 1984) 6524: 6511:(1908 – 1999) 6476: 6462:(1899 – 1991) 6396: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6336:(Tamil Nadu), 6281: 6278: 6242: 6239: 6215:B.V. Kakkilaya 6201: 6198: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6119:People's Front 6110: 6097: 6081: 6072: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6033: 6031: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6010: 6008: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5980: 5978: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5943: 5941: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5920: 5918: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5897: 5895: 5890: 5888: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5830: 5828: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5771: 5769: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5725: 5723: 5718: 5716: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5679: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5658: 5656: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5586: 5584: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5556: 5554: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5501: 5496: 5494: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5473: 5471: 5466: 5464: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5429: 5427: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5383: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5292: 5287: 5285: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5250: 5248: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5227: 5225: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5195: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5160: 5158: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5137: 5135: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5114: 5112: 5107: 5105: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5047: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5017: 5015: 5001:Madhya Pradesh 4997: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4980: 4978: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4957: 4955: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4932: 4927: 4925: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4890: 4888: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4867: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4800: 4798: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4777: 4775: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4718: 4716: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4681: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4640: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4596: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4573: 4571: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4543: 4541: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4506: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4370: 4368: 4363: 4361: 4347:Andhra Pradesh 4343: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4292:CPI (Marxist) 4290: 4287: 4286:Undivided CPI 4283: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4266: 4263: 4232:Charu Majumdar 4223: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212:Somnath Lahiri 4192: 4189: 4174: 4171: 4125: 4122: 4107: 4104: 4081: 4078: 4070:D.B.M. Patnaik 4051: 4048: 4024: 4021: 3997: 3994: 3978:Thane District 3963: 3960: 3920: 3917: 3865: 3862: 3802: 3799: 3752: 3749: 3741:Indulal Yagnik 3719: 3716: 3700: 3697: 3678: 3675: 3638:Andhra Pradesh 3630: 3629:Andhra Pradesh 3627: 3625: 3622: 3582: 3579: 3571:man-land ratio 3565: 3562: 3500:Andhra Pradesh 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3463: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3442:N. Prasad Rao 3439: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3374:P. Ramamurthi 3372: 3371:B.T. Ranadive 3369: 3366: 3365:P. Sundarayya 3362: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3310: 3307: 3299:class struggle 3266: 3263: 3239: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3203:R.N. Upadhyaya 3158: 3155: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3077: 3074: 3034: 3031: 2996:recalled how ' 2994:People's Daily 2970:People's Daily 2966:People's Daily 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2910: 2909:Death of Ghosh 2907: 2903:People's Daily 2898:People's Daily 2891: 2888: 2858: 2855: 2841: 2838: 2828: 2825: 2800: 2799:Hanoi Congress 2797: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2703:Indrajit Gupta 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2659: 2656: 2643: 2640: 2594:Jharkhande Rai 2573: 2570: 2554: 2551: 2533: 2530: 2516:declared that 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2479: 2476: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2452:Indrajit Gupta 2448:Muzaffar Ahmed 2437: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2290:B.V. Kakkilaya 2286:N.L. Upadhyaya 2283: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228:Madhya Pradesh 2224: 2223: 2217:C. Janardhanan 2180:, S. Kumaran, 2163: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2110:, Ali Ashraf, 2097: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2029: 2026: 2024:Andhra Pradesh 2020: 2019: 1985:N. Prasada Rao 1981:Romesh Chandra 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1946: 1936: 1933: 1894: 1893:1957 elections 1891: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1846:N.L. Upadhyaya 1842: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1821:S.G. Sardesai 1818: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1801:N. Prasada Rao 1797: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1727:Sudam Deshmuh 1724: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707:Romesh Chandra 1703: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1679:Muzaffar Ahmed 1675: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1580: 1577: 1535: 1532: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1443: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1400: 1398:Aruna Asaf Ali 1395: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1312: 1307: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1276:Romesh Chandra 1273: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1247: 1244: 1243:Sudam Deshmukh 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1209: 1206: 1204:Muzaffar Ahmed 1201: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1153: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1123:N.L. Upadhyaya 1121: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1102: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1001: 995: 994: 989: 986: 980: 979: 974: 971: 965: 964: 961: 958: 952: 951: 946: 943: 937: 936: 931: 928: 922: 921: 918: 915: 909: 908: 905: 902: 896: 895: 892: 889: 883: 882: 877: 874: 868: 867: 862: 859: 853: 852: 851:L.R. Khandkar 849: 846: 836: 835: 832: 829: 827:Madhya Pradesh 823: 822: 820:N.L. Upadhyaya 817: 814: 808: 807: 802: 799: 793: 792: 787: 784: 778: 777: 774: 771: 765: 764: 759: 756: 750: 749: 744: 741: 735: 734: 729: 726: 720: 719: 716: 711: 697: 694: 692: 689: 670: 669: 665: 664: 658: 657: 651: 650: 644: 643: 637: 636: 630: 629: 623: 622: 616: 615: 613:Romesh Chandra 609: 608: 602: 601: 595: 594: 588: 587: 581: 580: 574: 573: 567: 566: 564:Muzaffar Ahmed 560: 559: 555: 554: 548: 547: 535: 532: 511: 508: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 350: 347: 275:, 1969), Ram ( 271:, 1966), Fic ( 259:, 1964), Ray ( 244: 241: 239: 236: 186: 185: 171: 148: 115: 114: 111: 110: 106: 105: 102: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 81: 80: 76: 75: 74: 73: 68: 63: 60: 54: 48: 44: 43: 40: 38: 34: 33: 30: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17815: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17788:1964 in India 17786: 17785: 17783: 17771: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17741: 17732: 17726: 17722: 17721: 17713: 17707: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17694: 17685: 17679: 17675: 17674: 17666: 17658: 17657: 17649: 17641: 17640: 17633: 17627: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17608: 17602: 17598: 17597: 17589: 17587: 17578: 17577: 17570: 17568: 17566: 17564: 17555: 17549: 17545: 17544: 17539: 17538:Arundhati Roy 17533: 17525: 17524: 17517: 17509: 17503: 17499: 17498: 17490: 17488: 17479: 17478: 17471: 17469: 17467: 17458: 17452: 17448: 17447: 17442: 17436: 17428: 17427: 17419: 17411: 17410: 17403: 17395: 17389: 17385: 17384: 17376: 17368: 17367: 17360: 17358: 17349: 17348: 17340: 17338: 17329: 17328: 17320: 17318: 17316: 17314: 17312: 17310: 17301: 17295: 17291: 17290: 17282: 17274: 17273: 17266: 17258: 17252: 17248: 17247: 17239: 17231: 17230: 17223: 17221: 17212: 17206: 17202: 17201: 17196: 17190: 17182: 17181: 17173: 17171: 17169: 17160: 17159: 17152: 17144: 17143: 17136: 17134: 17132: 17123: 17122: 17115: 17107: 17101: 17097: 17093: 17092: 17085: 17077: 17076: 17068: 17060: 17055: 17054: 17045: 17039: 17038: 17031: 17025: 17024: 17017: 17011: 17010: 17003: 16995: 16989: 16983: 16979: 16976: 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15044: 15038: 15034: 15033: 15025: 15023: 15021: 15012: 15011: 15003: 15001: 14992: 14991: 14984: 14982: 14973: 14967: 14963: 14962: 14954: 14952: 14950: 14941: 14940: 14932: 14924: 14923: 14918: 14917:Karat Prakash 14912: 14910: 14908: 14906: 14897: 14891: 14887: 14886: 14878: 14876: 14874: 14866: 14862: 14857: 14855: 14853: 14851: 14842: 14840:9788170230052 14836: 14832: 14831: 14823: 14821: 14819: 14817: 14809: 14808: 14801: 14799: 14790: 14789: 14782: 14775: 14771: 14765: 14758: 14753: 14751: 14749: 14747: 14738: 14737: 14736:Peking Review 14730: 14723: 14719: 14714: 14712: 14710: 14708: 14706: 14704: 14702: 14700: 14698: 14696: 14694: 14692: 14690: 14688: 14679: 14673: 14669: 14668: 14660: 14652: 14651: 14644: 14642: 14633: 14632: 14625: 14617: 14611: 14607: 14606: 14598: 14589: 14587: 14585: 14576: 14575: 14574:Peking Review 14568: 14566: 14557: 14551: 14547: 14546: 14541: 14535: 14533: 14531: 14529: 14527: 14525: 14523: 14521: 14519: 14510: 14506: 14502: 14498: 14494: 14490: 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10362: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10247: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10228: 10220: 10219: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10201: 10192: 10186: 10182: 10181: 10173: 10171: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10125: 10124: 10116: 10108: 10107: 10099: 10097: 10095: 10088: 10087: 10080: 10078: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10042: 10033: 10032: 10025: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10005: 9998: 9996: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9940: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9757: 9751: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9720: 9714: 9710: 9709: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9691: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9572: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9544: 9531: 9526: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9502: 9496: 9494: 9484: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9463: 9457: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9443: 9437: 9432: 9426: 9421: 9415: 9410: 9404: 9399: 9393: 9388: 9379: 9377: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9358: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9321: 9319: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9299: 9297: 9290:in the 1980s. 9289: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9260:Jammu-Kashmir 9257: 9256: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9236: 9234: 9227: 9222: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9203: 9197: 9195: 9188: 9183: 9181: 9174:A.V. Kunhambu 9171: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9130: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9084: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9064: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9028: 9022: 9013: 9011: 9004: 8999: 8997: 8989: 8985: 8981: 8980: 8974: 8972: 8965: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8946: 8942: 8941:Uttar Pradesh 8939: 8938: 8932: 8930: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8895: 8890: 8888: 8886: 8879: 8874: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8838:Mohan Punamia 8833: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8819: 8815: 8814: 8808: 8806: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8781: 8776: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8737: 8735: 8728: 8723: 8721: 8714: 8709: 8707: 8700: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8670: 8665: 8663: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8642: 8636: 8634: 8627: 8622: 8620: 8612: 8608: 8605:(1914-2003) 8604: 8603: 8597: 8595: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8569: 8566: 8561: 8555: 8550: 8548: 8540: 8539:T. Nagi Reddy 8536: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8520: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8501: 8500:T. Nagi Reddy 8496: 8494: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8481: 8476: 8474: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8422: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8402: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8386: 8381: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8354:S.G. Sardesai 8351: 8349: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8317: 8311: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8242: 8240: 8233: 8232:N. Prasad Rao 8228: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8160:King George V 8157: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8135: 8129: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8075: 8072:, married to 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8058:Uttar Pradesh 8055: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7941: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7904: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7841: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7817: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7802: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7730: 7729:S.S. Mirajkar 7724: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7643: 7642: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7607: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7590:in the 1960s. 7589: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7575: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7520:Uttar Pradesh 7517: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7391: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7340: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7287: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7247:P. Ramamurthi 7242: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7191: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7175: 7173: 7165: 7164: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7024:B.T. Ranadive 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6991: 6990: 6984: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6976: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6956: 6952: 6951:Cellular Jail 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6782: 6781:P. Sundarayya 6776: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6669:Bhupesh Gupta 6664: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6634: 6633:Yuri Andropov 6630: 6629:Indira Gandhi 6626: 6622: 6618: 6617:1967 election 6614: 6610: 6606: 6605: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6513:Uttar Pradesh 6510: 6509: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6389: 6386: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6346:M.S. Krishnan 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6318:N. E. Balaram 6315: 6314:A. B. Bardhan 6311: 6305: 6302: 6301:the Emergency 6294: 6290: 6286: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6262: 6260: 6256: 6251: 6247: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6207: 6197: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6145: 6120: 6114: 6107: 6101: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6076: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5986: 5979: 5975: 5974:1967 election 5971: 5970:1962 election 5965: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5896: 5889: 5885: 5884:1967 election 5881: 5880:1962 election 5875: 5874:Uttar Pradesh 5872: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5852: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5802:1967 election 5799: 5798:1962 election 5793: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5713: 5712:1967 election 5709: 5708:1962 election 5703: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5657: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5623: 5622:1967 election 5619: 5618:1962 election 5613: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5562: 5555: 5551: 5550:1969 election 5547: 5546:1964 election 5541: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5495: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5461: 5460:1967 election 5457: 5456:1961 election 5451: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5428: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5371: 5370:1967 election 5367: 5366:1962 election 5361: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5315: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5282: 5281:1967 election 5278: 5277:1962 election 5272: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5192: 5191:1967 election 5188: 5187:1962 election 5182: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5102: 5101:1967 election 5098: 5097:1962 election 5092: 5089: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5012: 5011:1967 election 5008: 5007:1962 election 5002: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4956: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4922: 4921:1965 election 4918: 4917:1960 election 4912: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4889: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4866: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4832: 4831:1967 election 4828: 4827:1962 election 4822: 4821:Jammu-Kashmir 4819: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4749:1967 election 4746: 4745:1962 election 4740: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4685: 4678: 4677:1967 election 4672: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4658: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4628: 4627:1967 election 4624: 4623:1962 election 4618: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4538: 4537:1967 election 4534: 4533:1962 election 4528: 4525: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4459: 4452: 4448: 4447:1967 election 4444: 4443:1962 election 4438: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4392: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4357:1967 election 4354: 4353:1962 election 4348: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4284: 4270: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4201: 4197: 4188: 4183: 4182:Uttar Pradesh 4179: 4173:Uttar Pradesh 4170: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4141: 4134: 4130: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4103: 4099: 4097: 4090: 4086: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4056: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4029: 4020: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4002: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3936: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3870: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3810:Jammu-Kashmir 3807: 3801:Jammu-Kashmir 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3728: 3724: 3715: 3709: 3705: 3696: 3694: 3687: 3683: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3639: 3635: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3602: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3578: 3574: 3572: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3524: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3483: 3481: 3476: 3474: 3469: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3450:N. Sankariah 3449: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3420:E.K. Nayanar 3419: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3394:A.K. Gopalan 3393: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3360:Other states 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3250:The Statesman 3244: 3235: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3207:Mohan Punamia 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3167:T. Nagi Reddy 3163: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3102: 3100: 3095: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3052: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3030: 3027: 3026:Home Ministry 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2981: 2979: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2941:Cracks appear 2938: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2837: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2765: 2751: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2707:P. Ramamurthi 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2529: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2488: 2486: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2411:Uttar Pradesh 2409: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2365:P. Ramamurthi 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2350:Mohan Punamia 2347: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250:B.T. Ranadive 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:T. Nagi Reddy 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2032:P. Sundarayya 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005:Sajjad Zaheer 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1973:Bhupesh Gupta 1970: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1958:Party Centre 1957: 1956: 1943: 1932: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1780:B.T. Ranadive 1778: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1741: 1740:Bhupesh Gupta 1738: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651:P. Sundarayya 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1630:P. Ramamurthi 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1430:S.G. Sardesai 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1406:Bhupesh Gupta 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1365:L.R. Khandkar 1364: 1361: 1359: 1358:S.S. Mirajkar 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1318:N. Prasad Rao 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1302:P. Ramamurthi 1300: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1250:B.T. Ranadive 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1180:P. Sundarayya 1178: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1014:Uttar Pradesh 1012: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 990: 987: 985: 982: 981: 978: 975: 972: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 957: 954: 953: 950: 947: 944: 942: 939: 938: 935: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 919: 916: 914: 911: 910: 906: 903: 901: 898: 897: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 881: 878: 875: 873: 870: 869: 866: 865:S.S. Mirajkar 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 850: 847: 845: 841: 840:Madhya Bharat 838: 837: 833: 830: 828: 825: 824: 821: 818: 815: 813: 810: 809: 806: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 791: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 775: 772: 770: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 755: 752: 751: 748: 745: 742: 740: 737: 736: 733: 730: 727: 725: 722: 721: 718:PC Secretary 717: 712: 709: 708: 702: 688: 684: 682: 678: 667: 666: 663: 660: 659: 656: 655:P. Sundarayya 653: 652: 649: 646: 645: 642: 639: 638: 635: 632: 631: 628: 627:Bhupesh Gupta 625: 624: 621: 618: 617: 614: 611: 610: 607: 604: 603: 597: 596: 593: 592:P. Ramamurthi 590: 589: 586: 583: 582: 579: 576: 575: 572: 569: 568: 565: 562: 561: 557: 556: 553: 550: 549: 545: 544: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 507: 505: 501: 500:B.T. Ranadive 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 472: 468: 464: 459: 451: 444: 439: 420: 418: 414: 411:ahead of the 410: 404: 402: 398: 392: 390: 385: 381: 377: 373: 372:P. Sundarayya 369: 365: 364:Bhupesh Gupta 361: 357: 346: 344: 340: 334: 332: 331:Western world 328: 323: 321: 315: 313: 307: 305: 301: 296: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 235: 233: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 200: 196: 192: 182: 181: 176: 169: 168: 167:Bhupesh Gupta 163: 158: 153: 146: 145: 140: 139:P. Sundarayya 135: 130: 125: 120: 119:B.T. Ranadive 112: 107: 97: 92: 87: 86: 82: 77: 72: 69: 67: 64: 61: 59: 55: 52: 51: 49: 45: 39: 35: 31: 27: 22: 19: 17767: 17763: 17759: 17750: 17746: 17719: 17712: 17703: 17699: 17672: 17665: 17655: 17648: 17638: 17632: 17623: 17619: 17615: 17595: 17575: 17542: 17532: 17522: 17516: 17496: 17476: 17445: 17435: 17425: 17418: 17408: 17402: 17382: 17375: 17365: 17346: 17326: 17288: 17281: 17271: 17265: 17245: 17238: 17228: 17199: 17189: 17179: 17157: 17151: 17141: 17120: 17114: 17090: 17084: 17074: 17067: 17052: 17044: 17035: 17030: 17021: 17016: 17007: 17002: 16988: 16972: 16968: 16964: 16955: 16950: 16940: 16934: 16924: 16905: 16886: 16881: 16872: 16867: 16858: 16853: 16846:Tripura 1967 16844: 16839: 16819: 16799: 16792: 16783: 16778: 16769: 16764: 16755: 16750: 16741: 16736: 16727: 16722: 16713: 16708: 16699: 16694: 16685: 16680: 16671: 16666: 16657: 16652: 16645:Manipur 1967 16643: 16638: 16628: 16621: 16612: 16607: 16598: 16593: 16586:Madras, 1967 16584: 16579: 16572:Madras, 1962 16570: 16565: 16556: 16551: 16542: 16537: 16528: 16523: 16514: 16509: 16500: 16495: 16486: 16481: 16474:Haryana 1967 16472: 16467: 16460:Gujarat 1967 16458: 16453: 16446:Gujarat 1962 16444: 16439: 16430: 16425: 16416: 16411: 16402: 16397: 16388: 16383: 16363: 16343: 16337: 16317: 16310: 16300: 16293: 16283: 16264: 16258: 16248: 16241: 16221: 16189: 16182: 16162: 16142: 16136: 16126: 16119: 16099: 16073: 16025: 15991: 15984: 15964: 15957: 15947: 15940: 15930: 15911: 15904: 15884: 15854: 15847: 15827: 15821: 15811: 15804: 15794: 15763: 15730: 15723: 15703: 15683: 15664: 15657: 15637: 15614: 15610: 15589: 15583: 15574: 15570: 15507: 15500: 15490: 15483: 15471:. 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Retrieved 11264: 11232: 11225: 11215: 11196: 11177: 11171: 11149:(4): 49–56. 11146: 11142: 11114: 11097: 11067: 11000: 10996: 10980: 10976: 10945: 10923: 10917: 10913: 10903: 10896: 10871: 10868:Asian Survey 10867: 10818: 10789: 10732: 10728: 10662: 10658: 10642: 10639:The Guardian 10638: 10622: 10618: 10591: 10561: 10531: 10512: 10507: 10487: 10480: 10470: 10463: 10444: 10437: 10406: 10402: 10381: 10234: 10227: 10217: 10179: 10122: 10115: 10105: 10084: 10030: 10024: 10007: 10003: 9744: 9707: 9559: 9525: 9501:Homi F. Daji 9499: 9483: 9466: 9462: 9446: 9442: 9431: 9420: 9409: 9398: 9387: 9366:- Member of 9361: 9357: 9302: 9258:(1924-2009) 9253: 9221: 9212:(1901-1966) 9200: 9187:E.K. Nayanar 9170: 9144: 9140: 9103: 9081: 9063: 9030:(1906-1961) 9027:V.D. Chitale 9025: 9021: 8977: 8935: 8878:N. Sankariah 8836: 8816:(1917-2005) 8811: 8743:C.H. Kanaran 8684:Chiman Mehta 8644:(1914-1992) 8639: 8600: 8564: 8560: 8529:(1918-1994) 8517: 8461:Padma Bhusan 8443:(1907-2004) 8438: 8326:(1904-1986) 8314: 8310: 8250:(1911-1972) 8245: 8197:- Member of 8193:(1917-2001) 8188: 8164:trade unions 8132: 8096:(1908-1991) 8091: 8051: 8012: 7986:(1916-1998) 7983:Dasarath Deb 7981: 7959:1968-1970, 7938: 7910:– Member of 7906:(1906-1979) 7901: 7856: 7838: 7799: 7764:K. Damodaran 7762: 7740:1957-1973., 7727: 7682: 7641:Dinkar Mehta 7639: 7609:(1920-1997) 7604: 7578: 7574: 7556: 7513: 7476: 7440:- Member of 7436:(1909–2003) 7431: 7408:Nawan Zamana 7406: 7393:(1898-1982) 7388: 7362:, Member of 7350:, Member of 7342:(1904-1977) 7339:A.K. Gopalan 7337: 7284: 7262:in 1967 and 7250:(1908-1987) 7245: 7193:(1889-1973) 7188: 7161: 7105:(1914-1994) 7100: 7057: 7022: 6987: 6932: 6891: 6835:(1914-2010) 6830: 6779: 6739:(1909–1998) 6734: 6676:- Member of 6667: 6624: 6620: 6602: 6575:, Member of 6546: 6506: 6457: 6381: 6354: 6306: 6298: 6263: 6259:Peking Radio 6252: 6248: 6244: 6223: 6211: 6203: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6148: 6140: 6113: 6100: 6075: 6058: 5602: 4683: 4661: 4656: 4289:CPI (Right) 4244: 4240: 4235: 4228: 4224: 4204: 4186: 4167: 4160: 4152:Dasarath Deb 4145: 4137: 4119: 4100: 4093: 4063: 4036: 4017:Hijam Irabot 4009: 3975: 3957: 3947: 3940: 3935:Madras State 3932: 3928:Madras State 3919:Madras State 3912: 3906: 3896:M.K. Kumaran 3893: 3877: 3857: 3839: 3835: 3814: 3793:unit at the 3784: 3768: 3764: 3738: 3731: 3712: 3690: 3664: 3657: 3642: 3618: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3584: 3575: 3567: 3541: 3525: 3521: 3477: 3470: 3466: 3357:West Bengal 3348:Maharashtra 3335: 3332: 3320: 3314:in southern 3312: 3303: 3297:undermining 3295: 3293:and Stalin. 3276: 3268: 3255: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3191:N. Sankariah 3175:E.K. Nayanar 3171:G. Bapanaiah 3164: 3160: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3115: 3113: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3039: 3036: 3023: 3007: 3003: 2993: 2990: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2949: 2935: 2923: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2843: 2830: 2817:K. Damodaran 2802: 2793: 2781: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2749: 2711: 2683:V.D. Chitale 2679: 2675: 2661: 2652: 2645: 2636: 2632: 2618:, Amritsar, 2605: 2582:A.K. Gopalan 2575: 2563: 2556: 2543: 2535: 2526: 2522:McMahon line 2499: 2481: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2400:Dasarath Deb 2373:N. Sankariah 2182:C. Unni Raja 2178:K. Damodaran 2150:Dinkar Mehta 2017:A.K. Gopalan 1926: 1922: 1915: 1905:CPI won the 1904: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1826:Bhowani Sen 1733:A.K. Gopalan 1721:Dasarath Deb 1714:K. Damodaran 1571: 1567: 1550: 1548: 1543: 1537: 1525: 1521: 1268:Dasarath Deb 1164:Dinkar Mehta 1130:Hajrah Begum 1108:A.K. Gopalan 1007:Dasarath Deb 880:K. Damodaran 805:Dinkar Mehta 699: 685: 673: 620:A.K. Gopalan 513: 476: 405: 400: 393: 388: 352: 335: 324: 316: 308: 297: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 260: 256: 252: 248: 246: 215:Soviet Union 204: 172: 149: 124:A.K. Gopalan 116: 109:Lead figures 18: 16954:Lok Sabha. 16757:Punjab 1967 16743:Punjab 1962 16701:Orissa 1967 16687:Orissa 1961 16530:Kerala 1965 16516:Kerala 1960 15795:The Marxist 15405:The Tribune 15388:The Tribune 14456:19 February 14382:19 February 14329:Early Times 13518:The Tribune 12758:The Tribune 12736:India Today 12566:India Today 12546:Lok Sabha. 12223:Frontline. 12082:India Today 11523:Lok Sabha. 11504:Lok Sabha. 10403:India Today 10083:Lahiri, A. 9472:West Bengal 9452:West Bengal 9448:Souren Basu 9338:Banamli Das 9214:West Bengal 9205: [ 9202:Abdul Halim 9032:Maharashtra 8746: [ 8522: [ 8445:West Bengal 8332:Rajya Sabha 8319: [ 8316:N.C. Sekhar 8300: [ 8297:Bhowani Sen 8252:Maharashtra 8247:S.G. Patkar 8207:Rajya Sabha 8064:nucleus in 8053:Hajra Begum 7957:Rajya Sabha 7804: [ 7781:Rajya Sabha 7734:Maharashtra 7606:M. Farooqui 7584:Maharashtra 7478:Y.D. Sharma 7438:West Bengal 7264:Rajya Sabha 7195:West Bengal 7029:Maharashtra 6939:West Bengal 6906:Rajya Sabha 6837:West Bengal 6786:Rajya Sabha 6678:Rajya Sabha 6674:West Bengal 6561:Rajya Sabha 6521:Hajra Begum 6517:Rajya Sabha 6464:Maharashtra 6310:M. Farooqui 6273:Kim Il Sung 5964:West Bengal 5540:Pondicherry 5181:Maharashtra 4329:Candidates 4314:Candidates 4297:Candidates 4247:Souren Basu 4200:West Bengal 4191:West Bengal 4148:Biren Dutta 3971:Maharashtra 3962:Maharashtra 3880:R. Sugathan 3858:Nukta Nazar 3531:in Punjab, 3516:West Bengal 3406:Jyoti Basu 3328:imperialism 3324:bourgeoisie 3130:The Current 3105:Two parties 3044:Y.D. Sharma 2590:Rajya Sabha 2500:During the 2432:West Bengal 2404:Biren Dutta 2258:G. Adhikari 2254:S.G. Patkar 2241:Maharashtra 2185: [ 2135:M. Farooqui 2131:Y.D. Sharma 2013:Hajra Begum 1832:Y.D. Sharma 1672:G. Adhikari 1560: [ 1528:Hajra Begum 1480:Y.D. Sharma 1453:Bhalchandra 1446:G. Adhikari 1413:N.C. Sekhar 1333:Bhowani Sen 1326:S.G. Patkar 1292:Yella Reddy 1029:West Bengal 857:Maharashtra 790:M. Farooqui 782:Delhi State 769:Bombay City 648:Y.D. Sharma 441:During the 201:, July 1958 50:(disputed) 17782:Categories 17764:First Post 17441:Samir Amin 17366:Party Life 17195:Jyoti Basu 17121:Party Life 16432:Bihar 1967 16418:Bihar 1962 14173:Data India 13870:Ganashakti 12865:Mainstream 12533:Mainstream 11883:Assam 1967 11866:Assam 1962 11364:Ajoy Ghosh 9539:References 9312:as of 1986 9255:R.P. Saraf 9239:Bhag Singh 9146:D.N. Aidit 8074:Z.A. Ahmed 7783:1964-1970. 7664:1966-1967. 7558:Phani Bora 7366:1952-1977. 7252:Tamil Nadu 7163:Ajoy Ghosh 6989:P.C. Joshi 6832:Jyoti Basu 6680:1952-1981. 6607:( - 1990) 6508:Z.A. Ahmed 6470:after the 6459:S.A. Dange 6293:Jyoti Basu 6193:black-legs 6040:2,293,026 5994:2,386,834 4987:1,257,869 4941:3,171,732 4423:1,053,855 4400:1,077,499 4377:2,282,767 4332:Seats won 4317:Seats won 4311:contested 4309:% in seats 4300:Seats won 4251:Darjeeling 3953:Coimbatore 3609:Hindi belt 3279:Shiv Verma 3211:R.P. Saraf 3117:Swadhinata 3094:D.N. Aidit 2998:Kuomintang 2741:statement. 2701:(Punjab), 2695:S.S. Yusuf 2689:(Kerala), 2612:Trivandrum 2514:Zhou Enlai 2440:Jyoti Basu 2420:S.S. Yusuf 2085:Phani Bora 2009:S.V. Ghate 1989:P.C. Joshi 1977:Z.A. Ahmed 1969:S.A. Dange 1965:Ajoy Ghosh 1865:S.S. Yusuf 1754:P.C. Joshi 1700:Phani Bora 1693:Jyoti Basu 1616:S.A. Dange 1609:Z.A. Ahmed 1603:Politburo 1597:Ajoy Ghosh 1422:Z.A. Ahmed 1382:S.A. Dange 1372:P.C. Joshi 1350:S.S. Yusuf 1196:Phani Bora 1148:Jyoti Basu 1100:Ajoy Ghosh 1037:Jyoti Basu 1022:Z.A. Ahmed 900:Marathwada 747:Phani Bora 715:delegates 681:Ajoy Ghosh 662:S.S. Yusuf 606:Z.A. Ahmed 578:S.A. Dange 571:Jyoti Basu 558:Politburo 552:Ajoy Ghosh 484:P.C. Joshi 469:, for the 463:Karol Bagh 423:Background 376:Jyoti Basu 362:, Sharma, 356:Z.A. Ahmed 223:S.A. Dange 195:S.A. Dange 180:P.C. Joshi 175:S.A. Dange 162:Jyoti Basu 152:Ajoy Ghosh 17700:Frontline 17158:New Delhi 16143:New Delhi 15759:Ray, Raka 14509:253473801 14493:0974-9284 12652:The Hindu 12189:The Hindu 12114:The Hindu 11812:The Hindu 11216:Frontline 10741:0012-9976 9530:Mohit Sen 9514:Lok Sabha 9363:Tarachand 9159:Politburo 9113:ideologue 9100:Cominform 9046:march to 9044:satyagrah 9016:Ram Asrey 8894:K. Ramani 8843:Rajasthan 8457:Lok Sabha 8447:- Member 8147:Karnataka 8108:1957-1962 8102:Lok Sabha 8066:Allahabad 8023:Lok Sabha 7912:Lok Sabha 7845:Rajasthan 7840:H.K. Vyas 7689:Karnataka 7687:( -1989) 7450:Lok Sabha 7433:Ranen Sen 7364:Lok Sabha 7260:Lok Sabha 7209:, in CPI 6792:1955-1967 6625:Kamyunist 6613:Lok Sabha 6468:Lok Sabha 6350:Mohit Sen 6322:Homi Daji 6312:(Delhi), 6280:Aftermath 6156:Homi Daji 6028:135 / 280 5982:145 / 252 5892:147 / 430 5702:Rajasthan 4929:108 / 126 4388:104 / 287 4365:136 / 300 4115:Rajasthan 4106:Rajasthan 4039:Mangalore 3787:Tarachand 3529:Akali Dal 3283:Karl Marx 3195:K. Ramani 3099:Hyderabad 2831:Ahead of 2807:held its 2746:The split 2616:Ahmedabad 2444:Ranen Sen 2385:K. Ramani 2346:H.K. Vyas 2338:Rajasthan 1948:No. of NC 1858:H.K. Vyas 1644:Ranen Sen 1566:, titled 1552:New Times 1472:H.K. Vyas 1222:Ranen Sen 969:Telangana 949:H.K. Vyas 941:Rajasthan 641:Ranen Sen 496:politburo 343:Jan Sangh 329:with the 287:, 1972), 263:, 1966), 99:Rightists 94:Centrists 47:Caused by 32:1947–1967 17540:(1987). 17443:(2005). 17197:(1998). 16978:Archived 15761:(2000). 15354:41855333 15142:(1991). 14919:(1973). 14865:Calcutta 14774:Calcutta 14722:Calcutta 14542:(1982). 14501:45069017 14078:(1970). 13576:(1969). 12990:Calcutta 12611:Archived 12608:Founders 12405:27760757 12140:Archived 11342:41855301 11266:The Wire 10819:The Call 9284:Naxalite 9096:Agitprop 9040:Sanskrit 8841:(-1997) 8151:Tamilnad 8141:and the 8014:D.V. 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8646:Bihar 8607:Bihar 8526:] 8323:] 8304:] 7808:] 7611:Delhi 7563:Assam 7524:Delhi 7483:Delhi 6609:Bihar 6185:Tatas 4527:Bihar 4437:Assam 4281:Ref. 3986:Warli 3826:Samba 3708:Bihar 3699:Bihar 3686:Assam 3677:Assam 3601:Karat 3291:Lenin 2813:Hanoi 2624:Delhi 2602:Poona 2518:China 2189:] 2123:Delhi 2092:Bihar 2076:Assam 1564:] 754:Bihar 739:Assam 467:Delhi 265:Feuer 211:Nehru 41:India 17725:ISBN 17678:ISBN 17601:ISBN 17548:ISBN 17502:ISBN 17451:ISBN 17388:ISBN 17294:ISBN 17251:ISBN 17205:ISBN 17100:ISBN 16925:Link 16825:ISBN 16369:ISBN 16323:ISBN 16284:Link 16227:ISBN 16195:ISBN 16168:ISBN 16105:ISBN 16031:ISBN 15997:ISBN 15970:ISBN 15931:Link 15890:ISBN 15860:ISBN 15833:ISBN 15769:ISBN 15736:ISBN 15709:ISBN 15643:ISBN 15513:ISBN 15475:2022 15430:ISBN 15318:ISBN 15236:ISBN 15187:ISBN 15150:ISBN 15120:ISBN 15064:ISBN 15037:ISBN 14966:ISBN 14890:ISBN 14835:ISBN 14672:ISBN 14610:ISBN 14550:ISBN 14489:ISSN 14458:2010 14405:ISBN 14384:2010 14287:ISBN 14232:Link 14152:ISBN 14118:ISBN 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1964 split in the Communist Party of India

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