72:
159:
152:
79:
832:
278:
1553:
778:
27:
888:'s inevitable retirement, Koivisto was pressured to resign in the spring of 1981. He refused, telling Kekkonen that he would continue as prime minister until a lack of parliamentary support for his government was shown. Koivisto's survival despite Kekkonen's challenge was seen by some observers as the end of an era in which the president had dominated Finnish public life.
891:
In autumn 1981 failing health forced
Kekkonen to resign the presidency, and Koivisto assumed the duties of the office until the presidential election set for January 1982, two years ahead of schedule. He won handily, with the Social Democratic Party receiving 43% of the votes with a turnout of 81.3%
876:. After the war he returned to his native city, and through years of part-time study, earned a doctorate in sociology in 1956. He was active within the moderate wing of the SDP, yet did not seek an elective office. He began his banking career by directing a large employees' savings bank in
883:
Summoned again in 1979 to serve as prime minister, Koivisto retained the public's esteem and became a strong potential candidate for the presidential election scheduled for 1984. Seen by Centre Party politicians as a threat to their party's hold on the presidency after
867:
and, for a short time, as minister of finance, he had won the public's respect for the accuracy of his economic forecasts. His personality and considerable media astuteness also won him a very considerable personal popularity across party lines. Born in 1923 in
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
851:
to be elevated to the country's highest post, and his election meant the full integration of Social
Democrats into Finnish public life and an end to the postwar dominance of the
843:
in
January 1982. The public elected presidential electors to an electoral college on 17 and 18 January. They in turn elected the president. The result was a victory for
896:
candidate, he won, with 167 votes, on the first ballot of the electoral college. His popularity remained high during his first term, and he easily won re-election in
1519:
863:
Koivisto had been a leading public figure since the late 1960s, when he had served as prime minister for two years. During the 1970s, as governor of the
2206:
71:
818:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
549:
544:
539:
1541:
2183:
2238:
831:
456:
451:
2253:
1958:
745:
741:
725:
692:
791:
1496:
1329:
988:
893:
446:
189:
1549:
1355:
1006:
604:
567:
398:
2201:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
627:
527:
522:
517:
301:
434:
2248:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1251:
934:
897:
848:
574:
503:
498:
493:
439:
355:
251:
104:
51:
41:
424:
2243:
811:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1534:
1114:
468:
761:
753:
1966:
1429:
1042:
609:
463:
338:
2145:
804:
718:
1527:
1096:
417:
374:
311:
1780:
673:
351:
1277:
952:
584:
429:
109:
599:
306:
296:
1303:
970:
852:
654:
589:
316:
236:
184:
1565:
393:
1976:
1557:
482:
334:
8:
2097:
1407:
1298:
1024:
268:
169:
158:
1381:
1350:
1060:
635:
368:
1078:
1492:
1324:
174:
1424:
151:
864:
402:
344:
1376:
1402:
1246:
844:
782:
731:
247:
89:
78:
2232:
1484:
1272:
885:
232:
94:
892:--and 145 of the electors. With the support of some electors pledged to the
873:
614:
594:
361:
1509:
277:
579:
2193:
877:
1552:
840:
869:
1513:, Library of Congress Call Number DL1012 .A74 1990.
1215:
2230:
223:
2219:Elections in brackets were not public elections
839:Two-stage presidential elections were held in
1535:
1507:Text from PD source: US Library of Congress:
835:President Koivisto was first elected in 1982.
812:
1542:
1528:
819:
805:
830:
872:, the son of a carpenter, he fought in
2231:
1523:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
917:
1558:Elections and referendums in Finland
1489:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
1206:
13:
1501:
1330:Finnish People's Democratic League
989:Finnish People's Democratic League
894:Finnish People's Democratic League
19:1982 Finnish presidential election
14:
2265:
2239:Presidential elections in Finland
1478:
1551:
776:
276:
157:
150:
77:
70:
25:
908:
762:Politics of the European Union
585:National Coalition Party (KOK)
457:Regional Administrative Courts
1:
2254:January 1982 events in Europe
1471:
858:
575:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
1115:Finnish People's Unity Party
605:Swedish People's Party (RKP)
452:Supreme Administrative Court
7:
1487:& Philip Stöver (2010)
1465:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1200:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
726:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
693:Wellbeing services counties
302:Declaration of Independence
10:
2270:
1097:Constitutional Right Party
903:
847:, the first member of the
2249:1982 elections in Finland
2215:
2192:
2144:
2096:
1975:
1957:
1779:
1564:
1464:
1460:
1443:
1439:
1417:
1199:
1187:Registered voters/turnout
1143:
1129:
926:
923:
920:
228:President before election
221:
141:
62:
35:
23:
2244:1982 elections in Europe
1510:A Country Study: Finland
1430:Finnish Christian League
1278:National Coalition Party
1043:Finnish Christian League
953:National Coalition Party
628:Administrative divisions
610:Christian Democrats (KD)
1566:Parliamentary elections
1252:Social Democratic Party
935:Social Democratic Party
849:Social Democratic Party
1977:Presidential elections
1356:Swedish People's Party
1007:Swedish People's Party
836:
742:Diplomatic missions of
834:
469:Chancellor of Justice
447:Administrative Courts
196:Electoral vote
116:Electoral vote
1781:Municipal elections
1408:Finnish Rural Party
1299:Johannes Virolainen
1212:
1161:Invalid/blank votes
1025:Finnish Rural Party
914:
665:Ekonomiska regioner
615:Movement Now (LIIK)
600:Left Alliance (VAS)
595:Green League (VIHR)
590:Centre Party (KESK)
269:Politics of Finland
170:Johannes Virolainen
20:
2098:European elections
1351:Jan-Magnus Jansson
1211:
913:
837:
783:Finland portal
464:Prosecutor General
207:Popular vote
129:Popular vote
110:National Coalition
47:17–18 January 1982
18:
2226:
2225:
1497:978-3-8329-5609-7
1469:
1468:
1207:Electoral college
1204:
1203:
829:
828:
719:Foreign relations
699:Hyvinvointialueet
568:Political parties
262:
261:
258:
257:
243:Elected President
217:
216:
58:
57:
2261:
1959:County elections
1556:
1555:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1482:
1425:Raino Westerholm
1213:
1210:
915:
912:
821:
814:
807:
785:
781:
780:
779:
706:
687:
668:
649:
580:Finns Party (PS)
435:Courts of Appeal
280:
264:
263:
224:
161:
154:
81:
74:
64:
63:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2211:
2188:
2140:
2092:
1971:
1953:
1775:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1502:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1209:
1079:Ă…land Coalition
911:
906:
865:Bank of Finland
861:
825:
796:
792:Other countries
777:
775:
774:
767:
766:
758:
750:
738:
721:
711:
710:
707:
696:
695:
688:
677:
676:
669:
658:
657:
650:
639:
638:
630:
620:
619:
570:
560:
559:
556:
532:
508:
485:
474:
473:
440:District Courts
420:
410:
409:
403:Jussi Halla-aho
389:
381:
380:
345:Alexander Stubb
330:
322:
321:
312:Law enforcement
292:
271:
250:
245:
235:
230:
222:
142:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2146:Sámi elections
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1500:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1403:Veikko Vennamo
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1325:Kalevi Kivistö
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1247:Mauno Koivisto
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
968:
965:
964:
961:
958:
955:
950:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
932:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
910:
907:
905:
902:
860:
857:
845:Mauno Koivisto
827:
826:
824:
823:
816:
809:
801:
798:
797:
795:
794:
788:
787:
786:
769:
768:
765:
764:
757:
756:
749:
748:
737:
736:
735:
734:
732:Elina Valtonen
722:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
703:Välfärdsområde
691:
689:
674:Municipalities
672:
670:
653:
651:
634:
631:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
555:
554:
547:
542:
535:
533:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
514:Parliamentary:
511:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
492:Presidential:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
460:
459:
454:
444:
443:
442:
437:
432:
425:General Courts
421:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
371:
366:
365:
364:
352:Prime Minister
349:
348:
347:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
273:
272:
267:
260:
259:
256:
255:
248:Mauno Koivisto
240:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
197:
193:
192:
187:
182:
178:
177:
175:Kalevi Kivistö
172:
167:
163:
162:
155:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
130:
126:
125:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
90:Mauno Koivisto
87:
83:
82:
75:
68:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2266:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1485:Dieter Nohlen
1481:
1477:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Harri Holkeri
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1228:
1214:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
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1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
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1111:
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1077:
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1034:
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1021:
1020:
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1013:
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1003:
1002:
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987:
985:
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980:
977:
974:
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966:
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956:
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951:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
930:
916:
901:
899:
895:
889:
887:
886:Urho Kekkonen
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
833:
822:
817:
815:
810:
808:
803:
802:
800:
799:
793:
790:
789:
784:
773:
772:
771:
770:
763:
760:
759:
755:
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751:
747:
743:
740:
739:
733:
729:
728:
727:
724:
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715:
714:
704:
700:
694:
690:
685:
681:
675:
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629:
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586:
583:
581:
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572:
569:
564:
563:
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548:
546:
543:
541:
537:
536:
534:
529:
526:
524:
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519:
516:
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512:
510:
505:
502:
500:
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488:
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484:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
430:Supreme Court
428:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
414:
413:
404:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
391:
385:
384:
376:
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370:
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340:
336:
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326:
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318:
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310:
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305:
303:
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298:
295:
294:
288:
287:
284:
283:
279:
275:
274:
270:
266:
265:
254:
253:
249:
244:
241:
239:
238:
234:
233:Urho Kekkonen
229:
226:
225:
220:
212:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
171:
168:
165:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
145:
140:
136:
134:
131:
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:Harri Holkeri
93:
91:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
2052:
1769:
1508:
1503:
1488:
1480:
1377:Helvi Sipilä
1304:Centre Party
1225:Second round
971:Centre Party
909:Popular vote
890:
882:
874:World War II
862:
853:Centre Party
838:
702:
698:
683:
679:
664:
660:
645:
641:
550:
373:Ministries (
362:Petteri Orpo
307:Human rights
297:Constitution
246:
242:
231:
227:
132:
119:
46:
15:
2194:Referendums
1222:First round
1174:Total votes
1148:Valid votes
754:Ambassadors
661:Seutukunnat
655:Sub-regions
388:Legislative
2233:Categories
1472:References
859:Background
746:in Finland
730:Minister:
538:European:
394:Parliament
369:Government
166:Candidate
86:Candidate
1216:Candidate
1190:3,921,005
1177:3,188,056
1151:3,177,525
1133:3,177,525
939:1,370,314
642:Maakunnat
483:elections
418:Judiciary
335:President
329:Executive
133:1,370,314
1382:Liberals
1061:Liberals
878:Helsinki
684:Kommuner
646:Landskap
317:Military
213:348,359
210:534,515
137:593,271
1491:, p630
1011:121,519
993:348,359
975:534,515
957:593,271
904:Results
841:Finland
636:Regions
481:Recent
399:Speaker
147:
67:
1495:
1456:100.00
1450:100.00
1180:100.00
1164:10,531
1136:100.00
1083:11,119
1065:56,070
1047:59,885
1029:71,947
680:Kunnat
237:Centre
185:Centre
181:Party
101:Party
1444:Total
1337:10.63
1317:17.61
1311:17.61
1291:19.27
1285:19.27
1265:55.48
1259:48.17
1236:Votes
1230:Votes
1219:Party
1193:81.31
1154:99.67
1130:Total
1101:9,532
996:10.96
978:16.82
960:18.67
942:43.13
927:Seats
921:Votes
918:Party
870:Turku
291:State
2207:1994
2202:1931
2184:2023
2179:2019
2174:2015
2169:2011
2164:2007
2159:2003
2154:1999
2136:2024
2131:2019
2126:2014
2121:2009
2116:2004
2111:1999
2106:1996
2088:2024
2083:2018
2078:2012
2073:2006
2068:2000
2063:1994
2058:1988
2053:1982
2048:1978
2043:1968
2038:1962
2033:1956
2028:1950
2022:1946
2015:1943
2008:1940
2002:1937
1997:1931
1992:1925
1986:1919
1967:2022
1949:2021
1944:2017
1939:2012
1934:2008
1929:2004
1924:2000
1919:1996
1914:1992
1909:1988
1904:1984
1899:1980
1894:1976
1889:1972
1884:1968
1879:1964
1874:1960
1869:1956
1864:1953
1859:1950
1854:1947
1849:1945
1844:1936
1839:1933
1834:1930
1829:1928
1824:1925
1819:1924
1814:1923
1809:1922
1804:1921
1799:1920
1794:1919
1789:1918
1770:2027
1764:2023
1759:2019
1754:2015
1749:2011
1744:2007
1739:2003
1734:1999
1729:1995
1724:1991
1719:1987
1714:1983
1709:1979
1704:1975
1699:1972
1694:1970
1689:1966
1684:1962
1679:1958
1674:1954
1669:1951
1664:1948
1659:1945
1654:1939
1649:1936
1644:1933
1639:1930
1634:1929
1629:1927
1624:1924
1619:1922
1614:1919
1609:1917
1604:1916
1599:1913
1594:1911
1589:1910
1584:1909
1579:1908
1574:1907
1493:ISBN
1437:0.00
1415:0.33
1395:0.33
1389:0.33
1369:3.65
1363:3.65
1343:3.65
1167:0.33
1122:0.03
1104:0.30
1086:0.35
1068:1.76
1050:1.88
1032:2.26
1014:3.82
898:1988
551:2024
545:2019
540:2014
528:2023
523:2019
518:2015
504:2018
499:2012
494:2006
375:list
356:list
339:list
190:SKDL
52:1988
42:1978
1453:301
1447:301
1262:167
1256:145
1139:301
1119:994
945:144
252:SDP
202:11
199:53
124:58
120:167
105:SDP
2235::
1366:11
1360:11
1340:11
1334:32
1314:53
1308:53
1288:58
1282:58
1017:11
999:32
981:53
963:58
900:.
880:.
855:.
744:/
701:,
682:,
663:,
644:,
401::
358:)
341:)
2024:)
2020:(
2017:)
2013:(
2010:)
2006:(
1988:)
1984:(
1543:e
1536:t
1529:v
1434:0
1412:1
1392:1
1386:1
1239:%
1233:%
1125:0
1107:0
1089:1
1071:1
1053:0
1035:1
924:%
820:e
813:t
806:v
705:)
697:(
686:)
678:(
667:)
659:(
648:)
640:(
377:)
354:(
337:(
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