421:
409:
397:
385:
373:
248:
343:
331:
319:
215:
361:
235:
481:). Originally in opposition to price increases and a tax on goods from republics sold in another republic (which heavily affected the export-based Belarusian economy), the protests later turned into a broadly anti-Soviet movement, calling for the resignation of Soviet leadership, a reduction of the economic role of the Soviet government, and fresh elections to the
563:
Another Soviet economic measure which exacerbated tensions was the so-called "Gorbachev tax", a 5% tax on goods sold in one republic which were made in another. With the
Byelorussian SSR having a focus on goods which were exported to other republics, it bore the burden of the "Gorbachev tax" more
645:, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, was additionally opposed to the strikes, though took a much more conciliatory line than the Soviet central government and worked to reduce prices. However, by the time the government did so, the main demands of the strikers had evolved into political ones.
648:
Shushkevich claimed in an address to the protesters that the government was working to bring their demands to fruition, saying, "In truth, we have no dispute that the political questions you raised should be considered. But there is a certain pace. A big wagon cannot be sped up quickly... It is
519:
on the
Belarusian economy. One quarter of Belarusian forests were contaminated by radiation, leading to the evacuation of 137,700 people and the voluntary relocation of an additional 200,000. 479 settlements were abandoned, and in July 1990 the entire republic was declared to be an ecological
621:
publicly expressed their support for the strikes, with the former writing in the BPF's newspaper, "I warmly congratulate the working class of Minsk, which so heroically shows its working solidarity in achieving the nation's goals, in the struggle for bread, democracy and publicity. Only your
511:
had evolved rapidly from agrarianism into industrialism. By 1991, Belarus was producing goods such as tractors, automobiles and computers. However, the economic downturn faced by the Soviet Union meant that there was a decreased demand for such goods, causing massive layoffs.
708:
riot police on the evening of 25 April 1991. As a result, the strikers were dispersed, bringing an end to the strike and a beginning to negotiations. It was eventually determined to accept the economic demands of the strikes, while refusing subsequent political demands.
663:
The day after Antončyk's proposal, Shushkevich declared a closed meeting of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. Ordinary deputies were not permitted to attend, in violation of the Temporary Regulations of the Supreme Soviet, the rules of the Supreme Soviet's functions.
622:
uncompromising struggle can lead to national victory over the predatory measures of the centre and the local party bureaucracy. I wish you unshakable firmness and great determination. God help you! Belarus lives!" In addition to the
Belarusian Popular Front were
309:
655:
430:
297:
607:
145:
285:
582:
649:
impossible to gather deputies for a session in a few days - in this case, they will have to speed up our
Presidium as if the session had not been prepared." However, when BPF deputy
594:
In the days that followed, more industries and cities joined the strike. By the week's end, workers from 98 industries had formed a "strike committee," supported by the anti-Soviet
1610:
520:
disaster area. Damages are estimated as having reached $ 235 billion, 32 times the budget of the
Byelorussian SSR in 1985. Against the backdrop of these economic crises, the
598:. At the same time, the demands quickly morphed from economic to political. The strikers called for the withdrawal of party committees from enterprises, the resignation of
603:
482:
139:
577:
1015:
304:
425:
650:
587:. Over the course of the day, the crowd grew to 50,000, as other factory workers joined the protest, and the group marched from Daŭhrabrodskaja Street to the
292:
1834:
1590:
668:, a BPF member of the presidium, unsuccessfully attempted to bring about the convocation of a new session. The next day, Shushkevich appeared with
280:
1053:
565:
1757:
930:
1458:
557:
2062:
1646:
133:
760:[The union's empty "assembly shop", worker's protests, and deputy Lukashenko: Belarus on the eve of the USSR's collapse].
672:, first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers, on television, where he spoke in opposition to the demands of the strikers.
1762:
1141:
1078:
508:
474:
420:
408:
396:
384:
372:
253:
53:
1854:
1686:
1666:
1641:
1543:
1488:
633:
Opposed to the strikes was the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR, a group of 25 people led by chairman
1706:
1696:
1742:
1073:
533:
2072:
1711:
1538:
985:
970:
735:
2031:
1732:
1716:
990:
1939:
1869:
1620:
1503:
1498:
1104:
923:
833:
762:
34:
2057:
1777:
1068:
1949:
1548:
1533:
126:
30:
576:
on 3 April 1991, workers at the Minsk
Electromechanical Plant walked out on the job and began protesting on
2077:
1859:
1824:
1814:
1772:
1585:
757:
74:
1839:
1752:
1605:
1478:
521:
1904:
1558:
1553:
916:
716:
continued to strike for a month after the end of strikes in Orsha, and resumed strikes in August 1991.
556:) in an effort to resolve the budget deficit caused by the economic crisis. The decree was part of the
463:
2067:
1919:
785:
758:"Пустой "сборочный цех" Союза, протесты рабочих и депутат Лукашенко. Беларусь накануне развала СССР"
2052:
1934:
1884:
1523:
1513:
1282:
1043:
730:
595:
219:
1380:
1985:
1864:
1767:
1691:
1518:
1508:
1287:
1204:
1136:
1048:
588:
546:
536:
issued a decree titled "On the reform of retail prices and social protection of the population" (
494:
1889:
1701:
1272:
1119:
623:
560:. As a result of the decree, prices increased by 2 to five times, in some cases even further.
1990:
1944:
1929:
1894:
1681:
1625:
1214:
980:
638:
634:
401:
389:
1899:
1400:
1395:
1355:
1224:
1209:
883:
684:
had a crippling effect on the Soviet economy. Trains into the
Russian SFSR, including from
669:
627:
1169:
8:
1844:
1819:
1615:
1600:
1199:
939:
680:
In addition to the strikes in Minsk, a strike by railway workers in the northern city of
454:
1330:
1787:
1676:
1671:
1661:
1656:
516:
498:
1146:
665:
1965:
1595:
1483:
1440:
1435:
1385:
1179:
1174:
955:
824:
642:
599:
413:
377:
365:
129:
660:
proposed to vote on convening a session of the
Supreme Soviet, Shushkevich refused.
1914:
1782:
1415:
1320:
1267:
1189:
1124:
1005:
887:
693:
537:
863:
1980:
1970:
1829:
1737:
1058:
1033:
1010:
1325:
2005:
1909:
1425:
1405:
1184:
965:
618:
504:
347:
323:
160:
614:
608:
Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
335:
146:
Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
2046:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1879:
1747:
1430:
1410:
1390:
1370:
1345:
1302:
1244:
1234:
1063:
704:, did not function as a result of the strikes, leading to an intervention by
788:["The stores were empty": How prices were raised in the late USSR].
1874:
1493:
1420:
1375:
1109:
1000:
975:
725:
360:
240:
57:
828:
1473:
1360:
1335:
1277:
1239:
1229:
1099:
1975:
1849:
1463:
1249:
1194:
1164:
1094:
868:
908:
2015:
1809:
1528:
1468:
1350:
960:
790:
713:
1365:
1340:
1297:
1131:
1114:
1038:
701:
1292:
478:
342:
330:
318:
214:
1219:
685:
630:, who called on the government to accept the workers' demands.
697:
689:
681:
604:
Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
553:
O reforme roznichnykh tsen i sotsialnoy zashchite naselennya
483:
Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
140:
Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
705:
786:""Магазины были пусты": как в позднем СССР взвинтили цены"
473:), were a series of nationwide strikes and rallies in the
1016:
Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe
995:
16:
1991 general strike and protests in Belarus, Soviet Union
468:
104:
Cancellation of the 5% tax on goods sold outside Belarus
712:
Despite the strikes' end, workers at potash plants in
602:
and the Cabinet of Ministers, fresh elections for the
551:
542:О реформе розничных цен и социальной защите населения
831:[Why did workers shout down Shushkevich?].
524:began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
122:
End of Communist Party committees within businesses
515:Further worsening matters were the effects of the
2044:
1054:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union
890:[Dictatorship: A Belarusian Variant?].
173:Early demands fulfilled, later demands refused:
44:3 – 25 April 1991 (3 weeks and 1 day)
1835:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria
866:[How Belarusians one went on strike].
924:
566:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
931:
917:
882:
823:
534:Cabinet of Ministers of the Soviet Union
134:Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
1459:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation
938:
495:Pyotr Masherov § Industrialisation
2045:
1142:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1079:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
509:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
475:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
254:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
54:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
1489:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights
912:
675:
449:, also referred to in Belarus as the
858:
856:
854:
852:
829:"Чаму рабочыя асьвісталі Шушкевіча?"
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
752:
750:
13:
14:
2089:
986:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda
971:Criticism of communist party rule
888:"ДИКТАТУРА: БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ВАРИАНТ?"
849:
806:
747:
2032:Human rights in the Soviet Union
991:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc
419:
407:
395:
383:
371:
359:
341:
329:
317:
246:
233:
213:
2063:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1940:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1870:Fall of the inner German border
864:"Как раньше бастовали белорусы"
834:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
763:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
613:Opposition leaders and authors
606:, and the establishment of the
35:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1930:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact
1069:Terrorism and the Soviet Union
876:
872:(in Russian). 2 November 2021.
778:
610:as a constitutional document.
1:
1950:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1549:Inter-regional Deputies Group
1534:National League for Democracy
741:
736:2020–2021 Belarusian protests
564:than any other, save for the
488:
31:Belarusian democracy movement
1860:Alexanderplatz demonstration
1825:Polish Round Table Agreement
1499:People's Movement of Ukraine
766:(in Russian). 25 August 2021
75:1991 Soviet Union referendum
7:
1905:January Events in Lithuania
1840:Hungarian Round Table Talks
1479:Democratic Party of Albania
719:
558:1991 Soviet monetary reform
552:
522:Belarusian national revival
469:
183:Price increases rolled back
101:Restoration of lower prices
10:
2094:
1559:Hungarian Democratic Forum
1554:Alliance of Free Democrats
1544:Union of Democratic Forces
794:(in Russian). 2 April 2021
637:and first deputy chairman
571:
527:
492:
2073:Labor in the Soviet Union
2024:
1958:
1920:1991 protests in Belgrade
1800:
1725:
1634:
1576:
1567:
1449:
1311:
1258:
1155:
1087:
1024:
946:
541:
458:
274:
269:
200:
195:
166:
156:
82:
64:
48:
40:
28:
23:
1910:January Events in Latvia
1900:Reunification of Germany
1885:1990s post-Soviet aliyah
1815:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
1539:National Salvation Front
1524:Belarusian Popular Front
1514:Popular Front of Estonia
1283:Polish underground press
1044:List of socialist states
731:2010 Belarusian protests
596:Belarusian Popular Front
220:Belarusian Popular Front
1986:Economic liberalization
1925:1991 Belarusian strikes
1865:Fall of the Berlin Wall
1519:Public Against Violence
1509:Popular Front of Latvia
1288:Political demonstration
1137:Chinese economic reform
1049:People Power Revolution
470:Krasavickija zabastoŭki
447:1991 Belarusian strikes
24:1991 Belarusian strikes
1120:New political thinking
578:Daŭhrabrodskaja Street
532:On 19 March 1991, the
459:Красавіцкія забастоўкі
2058:Belarusian opposition
1991:Post-Soviet conflicts
1945:Tajikistani Civil War
1895:Revolution on Granite
1855:Monday Demonstrations
1381:Sanjaasürengiin Zorig
1215:Mengistu Haile Mariam
981:Eastern Bloc politics
884:Lukashenko, Alexander
639:Stanislav Shushkevich
635:Mikalay Dzyemyantsyey
626:deputies, among them
402:Stanislav Shushkevich
390:Mikalay Dzyemyantsyey
138:New elections to the
1401:Vytautas Landsbergis
1396:Viacheslav Chornovil
1225:Denis Sassou Nguesso
700:, and from Minsk to
670:Mikhail Myasnikovich
628:Alexander Lukashenko
2078:Protests in Belarus
1845:Pan-European Picnic
1820:1988 Polish strikes
1200:Wojciech Jaruzelski
940:Revolutions of 1989
1205:Slobodan Milošević
1074:Vatican Opposition
825:Navumchyk, Siarhei
676:End of the strikes
517:Chernobyl disaster
503:Under the rule of
499:Chernobyl disaster
2040:
2039:
1966:Colour revolution
1796:
1795:
1763:Congo-Brazzaville
1484:Democratic Russia
1441:Pope John Paul II
1436:George H. W. Bush
1386:Vladimir Bukovsky
1175:Mikhail Gorbachev
1170:Nicolae Ceaușescu
956:Era of Stagnation
651:Siarhiey Antončyk
643:Vyacheslav Kebich
600:Mikhail Gorbachev
550:
467:
443:
442:
414:Vyacheslav Kebich
378:Anatoly Malofeyev
366:Mikhail Gorbachev
305:Viktar Ivaškievič
293:Siarhiey Antončyk
265:
264:
130:Mikhail Gorbachev
2085:
2068:Labor in Belarus
1915:Transnistria War
1574:
1573:
1416:Aung San Suu Kyi
1331:Alexander Dubček
1268:Civil resistance
1125:Sinatra Doctrine
1105:Demokratizatsiya
1006:Shortage economy
933:
926:
919:
910:
909:
904:
903:
901:
899:
892:Narodnaya Gazeta
880:
874:
873:
860:
847:
846:
844:
842:
821:
804:
803:
801:
799:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
754:
659:
589:Government House
586:
555:
545:
543:
472:
462:
460:
434:
426:Eduard Šyrkoŭski
424:
423:
412:
411:
400:
399:
388:
387:
376:
375:
364:
363:
346:
345:
334:
333:
322:
321:
313:
301:
289:
252:
250:
249:
239:
237:
236:
218:
217:
209:Striking workers
202:
201:
186:5% tax cancelled
73:Approval of the
21:
20:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2053:1991 in Belarus
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2020:
1981:Democratization
1971:Decommunization
1954:
1890:Helsinki Summit
1830:April 9 tragedy
1802:
1792:
1721:
1630:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1451:
1445:
1313:
1307:
1260:
1254:
1210:Mathieu Kérékou
1157:
1151:
1083:
1059:Reagan Doctrine
1034:Active measures
1026:
1020:
1011:Totalitarianism
948:
942:
937:
907:
897:
895:
886:(25 May 1991).
881:
877:
862:
861:
850:
840:
838:
837:(in Belarusian)
827:(21 May 2022).
822:
807:
797:
795:
784:
783:
779:
769:
767:
756:
755:
748:
744:
722:
678:
666:Piatro Sadoŭski
653:
580:
574:
530:
501:
493:Main articles:
491:
439:
438:
437:
428:
418:
406:
394:
382:
370:
358:
353:
352:
340:
328:
316:
307:
295:
283:
261:
260:
247:
245:
234:
232:
225:
224:
212:
191:
180:Wages increased
175:
174:
152:
144:Primacy of the
125:Resignation of
117:
116:
109:
93:
92:
70:Price increases
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Post-communism
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1596:Czechoslovakia
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1579:Eastern Europe
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:Isaias Afwerki
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:Zianon Pazniak
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:Erich Honecker
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
966:Anti-communism
963:
958:
952:
950:
944:
943:
936:
935:
928:
921:
913:
906:
905:
875:
848:
805:
777:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
733:
728:
721:
718:
677:
674:
619:Ales Adamovich
573:
570:
529:
526:
505:Pyotr Masherov
490:
487:
441:
440:
436:
435:
416:
404:
392:
380:
368:
355:
354:
351:
350:
348:Ales Adamovich
338:
326:
324:Zianon Pazniak
314:
302:
290:
281:Maryja Alijeva
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
229:
228:
226:
223:
222:
210:
206:
205:
198:
197:
193:
192:
190:
189:
188:
187:
184:
181:
172:
171:
170:
168:
164:
163:
161:General strike
158:
154:
153:
151:
150:
149:
148:
142:
136:
123:
112:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
105:
102:
99:
98:Wage increases
88:
87:
86:
84:
80:
79:
78:
77:
71:
66:
62:
61:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2090:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Yugoslav Wars
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Neo-Stalinism
1999:
1997:
1996:Neo-Sovietism
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Black January
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Ronald Reagan
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:Zhelyu Zhelev
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Boris Yeltsin
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:Joachim Gauck
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1303:Strike action
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:Todor Zhivkov
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Deng Xiaoping
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:Soviet Empire
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1025:International
1023:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
945:
941:
934:
929:
927:
922:
920:
915:
914:
911:
893:
889:
885:
879:
871:
870:
865:
859:
857:
855:
853:
836:
835:
830:
826:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
793:
792:
787:
781:
765:
764:
759:
753:
751:
746:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
717:
715:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
673:
671:
667:
661:
657:
652:
646:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
584:
579:
569:
567:
561:
559:
554:
548:
539:
535:
525:
523:
518:
513:
510:
506:
500:
496:
486:
484:
480:
476:
471:
465:
456:
452:
451:April Strikes
448:
432:
427:
422:
417:
415:
410:
405:
403:
398:
393:
391:
386:
381:
379:
374:
369:
367:
362:
357:
356:
349:
344:
339:
337:
332:
327:
325:
320:
315:
311:
306:
303:
299:
294:
291:
287:
282:
279:
278:
273:
268:
255:
244:
243:
242:
231:
230:
227:
221:
216:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
199:
194:
185:
182:
179:
178:
177:
176:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
147:
143:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
103:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:
91:
85:
81:
76:
72:
69:
68:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1959:Later events
1924:
1875:Malta Summit
1707:Turkmenistan
1651:
1635:Soviet Union
1621:Soviet Union
1601:East Germany
1421:Meles Zenawi
1376:Sali Berisha
1326:Václav Havel
1273:Human chains
1180:Károly Grósz
1110:Khozraschyot
1001:Nomenklatura
976:Eastern Bloc
896:. Retrieved
894:(in Russian)
891:
878:
867:
839:. Retrieved
832:
796:. Retrieved
789:
780:
768:. Retrieved
761:
726:Minsk Spring
711:
679:
662:
647:
632:
612:
593:
575:
562:
531:
514:
502:
477:(modern-day
450:
446:
444:
270:Lead figures
241:Soviet Union
113:
89:
58:Soviet Union
29:Part of the
18:
1935:August Coup
1788:South Yemen
1733:Afghanistan
1577:Central and
1570:by location
1474:Civic Forum
1361:Feng Congde
1336:Ion Iliescu
1321:Lech Wałęsa
1278:Magnitizdat
1240:Zhao Ziyang
1230:Heng Samrin
1190:Miloš Jakeš
1100:Perestroika
898:25 December
841:25 December
798:25 December
770:25 December
654: [
624:independent
615:Vasil Bykaŭ
581: [
429: [
336:Vasil Bykaŭ
308: [
296: [
284: [
167:Resulted in
2047:Categories
1976:Lustration
1850:Baltic Way
1801:Individual
1778:Mozambique
1717:Uzbekistan
1702:Tajikistan
1687:Kyrgyzstan
1682:Kazakhstan
1647:Azerbaijan
1626:Yugoslavia
1504:Solidarity
1464:Charter 77
1450:Opposition
1346:Wu'erkaixi
1312:Opposition
1259:Opposition
1250:Siad Barre
1195:Egon Krenz
1165:Ramiz Alia
1156:Government
1095:Uskoreniye
1027:background
949:background
869:Charter 97
742:References
489:Background
455:Belarusian
2016:Pink tide
1810:Jeltoqsan
1726:Elsewhere
1677:Lithuania
1529:Rastokhez
1469:New Forum
1452:movements
1351:Chai Ling
961:Communism
791:Gazeta.ru
714:Salihorsk
694:Leningrad
547:romanized
464:romanized
127:President
65:Caused by
1773:Mongolia
1768:Ethiopia
1753:Cambodia
1657:Chechnya
1591:Bulgaria
1366:Tank Man
1356:Wang Dan
1341:Liu Gang
1298:Samizdat
1293:Protests
1132:Glasnost
1115:500 Days
1039:Cold War
947:Internal
720:See also
702:Smolensk
132:and the
49:Location
33:and the
2025:Related
1783:Somalia
1712:Ukraine
1692:Moldova
1667:Georgia
1662:Estonia
1652:Belarus
1642:Armenia
1616:Romania
1606:Hungary
1586:Albania
1494:Sąjūdis
1314:leaders
1261:methods
1158:leaders
1147:Đổi Mới
1088:Reforms
692:, from
572:Strikes
549::
538:Russian
528:Prelude
479:Belarus
466::
196:Parties
157:Methods
1803:events
1738:Angola
1697:Russia
1672:Latvia
1611:Poland
1568:Events
1220:Ne Win
686:Moscow
507:, the
497:, and
251:
238:
114:Later:
90:Early:
1758:China
1748:Burma
1743:Benin
698:Odesa
690:Paris
682:Orsha
658:]
585:]
433:]
312:]
300:]
288:]
83:Goals
900:2022
843:2022
800:2022
772:2022
706:OMON
617:and
445:The
41:Date
996:KGB
696:to
688:to
2049::
851:^
808:^
749:^
656:be
641:.
591:.
583:be
568:.
544:,
540::
485:.
461:,
457::
431:be
310:be
298:be
286:be
56:,
932:e
925:t
918:v
902:.
845:.
802:.
774:.
453:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
