858:
451:
634:
166:
965:, but a lack of direction and party infighting caused their poll numbers to plummet, leaving them in danger of being overhauled by both the Liberals and the resurgent Progressive Conservatives. Duceppe, who took over as leader after Gauthier resigned, nonetheless made progress by emphasizing the lack of possibility of constitutional reform. While the party only finished 1.2 percentage points ahead of the Liberals in the province's popular vote, a more efficiently-distributed vote (the Liberal vote was too concentrated in and around
3019:
27:
644:
1049:
3033:
181:
614:
603:
568:
560:
400:
389:
378:
337:
329:
321:
112:
929:, were crossed out, followed by a message saying that Quebec politicians had dominated the federal government for too long and that the Reform Party would end this favoritism towards Quebec. The advertisement was harshly criticized by the other party leaders including accusations that Manning was "intolerant" and a "bigot" for having permitted the advertisement to be aired.
151:
436:
1023:. Elsewhere, like in 1993, their support was too spread out to translate into victories in individual ridings. They only won one seat each in Ontario and Manitoba, and none west of Manitoba. The result, a disappointment for Charest, would lead to his resignation and eventual assumption of leadership of the
1039:
was 79% higher than at the previous election, with its greatest success in
British Columbia, where it received 2% of the vote. The Green Party remained almost entirely off the national media's radar. At 0.43% of the vote, and 1.64% of the vote in the ridings it contested, the Green Party remained a
985:
regained official party status that the party lost in the 1993 Canadian federal election. The party won the fourth largest share of total votes and won 21 seats. Notably, the party made a substantial showing in
Atlantic Canada, a region where it had only elected three MPs in its entire history prior
936:
The results for Reform were a generally considered a minor tactical success. The party won 60 seats to displace the Bloc as
Official Opposition, largely by building on its already heavy concentration of support in Western Canada. Strategically, Reform failed to make inroads into eastern Canada and
915:
31,000 personal expense allowance as leader. Some Reform supporters were frustrated by the party's decision to expand its political base into Quebec, as they continued to believe that the party should represent
English-speaking Canada, and others from the right-wing and populist faction of the party
898:
The Reform Party under
Preston Manning campaigned on preserving national unity through decentralization of multiple federal government powers to all of the provinces, cutting taxes, reducing the size of government, reducing spending, and strongly opposing distinct society status for Quebec. Feeling
889:
On election day, the
Liberals won with a significantly reduced majority. While they lost much of their support in Atlantic Canada, they won all but two seats in Ontario and improved on their numbers in Quebec. They were only assured of a majority when the final numbers came in from Western Canada.
1010:
The
Progressive Conservatives faced multiple difficulties, as the party was not able to apply for federal financial assistance due to it not being an official party. The party's results in their previous bastion of Western Canada remained anemic, and the Reformers remained the dominant conservative
998:
campaigned on securing national unity in Canada by recognizing Quebec as being a distinct society within Canada, along with the proposal of a "New
Covenant" for Canadian confederation to be negotiated between the Federal and Provincial governments. The party's platform included the novelty of being
865:
The
Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien campaigned on promising to continue to cut the federal deficit to allow for a budget surplus, and then to spend one half of the surplus on repaying Canada's national debt and cutting taxes while the other half of the surplus would be used to increase funding to
2861:
1997 was the only election to date in which five different parties won the popular vote in a province or territory (the
Liberals won in Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, the Northwest Territories, Ontario and Prince Edward Island; Reform in Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan; the BQ in
843:
The election was the first to be held with staggered polling hours across the country. Until 1993, polling hours were 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. in each time zone, with a 4.5-hour difference between closing of polls in Newfoundland and those in British Columbia and Yukon, or a three-hour difference between
820:
to dissolve Parliament on April 26, 1997, with an election to be held on June 2 of that year. Chrétien's election call came three years and five months into Parliament's life, short of both the maximum five year duration and the typical four years between elections. This represented the earliest
877:
The Liberals suffered from a number of gaffes in their campaign. In one incident, when Jean Chrétien was questioned by reporters over the cost of the Liberals' election proposal of a national pharmacare program, reporters claimed that Chrétien was unsure of what the cost would be. Chrétien also
906:
Reform's campaign ran into multiple problems. The party was repeatedly accused by other parties and the media of holding intolerant views due to comments made by a number of Reform MPs during the writ period. Critics had accused the party's performance during the 1993–1997 parliament of being
899:
that the general acceptance of deficit reduction at the federal and provincial level had been encouraged by their party, Reform saw a chance to finally make the party a national in scope by making political inroads outside of the west, particularly in Ontario. Their platform was titled the
825:. Opinion polls at the time predicted that the Liberal Party was expected to win a landslide victory capturing at least 180 to 220 of the 301 seats in the House of Commons, with the fragmentation of the opposition meaning that one party was not expected to be able to defeat the government.
3718:
1014:
The Progressive Conservatives won the third largest number of the total votes and improved their situation in the House of Commons, regaining official party status after winning 20 seats. Despite finishing about half a point behind Reform in the nationwide popular vote, their only heavy
2857:
1997 was one of only three elections in Canadian history (the others were 1993 and 2008) where the official Opposition did not have the majority of the opposition's seats. 60 seats were held by the Reform Party, yet 86 seats for the other opposition parties and independents
924:
for outbursts. During the campaign the Reform Party released a controversial television advertisement where the faces of four Quebecers, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe, Progressive Conservative leader Jean Charest, and Premier of Quebec
659:
807:
This was the first time that five political parties held official party status in a single session of Canada's Parliament, and the only time to date that five different parties have won the popular vote in at least one of the provinces and territories of Canada.
3727:
874:. The Liberals attacked the Progressive Conservatives and the Reform Party for prematurely calling for tax cuts while a deficit still remained while attacking the New Democratic Party for proposing to increase government spending while Canada faced a deficit.
3708:
3703:
3594:
3733:
3713:
3698:
932:
Reform began the campaign with Can$ 1.5 million in cash on hand, and had raised a total of Can$ 8 million. In contrast to the other parties, the vast majority of the money came from donations by individuals or small businesses.
3693:
3635:
3543:
3738:
907:
disorganized. Tension between the party's democratic nature and the leader-centric model of modern campaigning led to Manning's leadership abilities being questioned by a number of former members, including
3604:
3107:
3579:
3662:
3651:
500:
3557:
3533:
3619:
3072:
886:. In the televised debates between the five major political parties, Chrétien apologized to Canadians for his government having cut funding for social programs to reduce the deficit.
3092:
3082:
844:
Quebec-Ontario and B.C.-Yukon. With the new staggered hours, it would be three hours between Newfoundland and B.C.-Yukon, but just 30 minutes between Quebec-Ontario and B.C.-Yukon.
3067:
3102:
792:
and that Chrétien might lose his seat. Chrétien narrowly won his riding, and the Liberals maintained a nine-seat majority thanks to gains in Quebec at the expense of the Bloc.
2929:
3564:
3097:
3473:
1011:
political force in the west. Reform also made inroads into rural central and southern Ontario — traditionally the heartland of the Tories' provincial counterparts.
3087:
2862:
Quebec; the NDP in the Yukon Territory; and the PCs in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia). Consequently, it was also the last time the PCs won a province or territory.
3112:
1003:. Charest and the PCs benefited from rapidly rising in popularity amongst all language groups in Quebec, where voters were found to have preferred Charest over
3723:
3077:
3062:
2886:
937:
lost its one seat in Ontario, leaving it effectively perceived as a Western regional party, despite making their first significant inroads into rural Ontario.
99:
78:
2810:
903:. The Reformers ran a full slate of candidates in Quebec, making this the first and last election in which it would run candidates in every region of Canada.
3243:
3436:
969:; elsewhere, they split the vote with the Progressive Conservatives) still allowed them capture a comfortable majority of 44 out of Quebec's 75 seats.
837:
4308:
3586:
2759:
1497:
235:
3466:
3688:
495:
240:
4303:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
2997:
245:
836:
and several others inside the Liberal Party had opposed the timing of the vote, and the poor results prompted Paul Martin's supporters to
788:. The Liberal victory was not in doubt, though some commentators on election night were predicting that the party would be cut down to a
4334:
4298:
4162:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
870:. The Liberal Party was attacked by the opposition parties for failing to keep many of the promises that the party campaigned on in the
3794:
3771:
3046:
255:
3459:
3446:
3658:
3627:
2312:
1275:
785:
485:
4329:
515:
857:
4034:
4280:
3420:
3385:
4275:
510:
4344:
3051:
2958:
3539:
3347:
Andersen, Robert; Fox, John (March 2001). "Pre-election polls and the dynamics of the 1997 Canadian federal election".
2849:
2657:
1423:
4339:
879:
3441:
3247:
1598:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3764:
1082:
871:
828:
The election call was controversial both for being early and for occurring during Manitoba's recovery from the
822:
754:
58:
41:
2916:
2216:
978:
778:
450:
747:
3600:
2873:
2606:
1387:
3674:
1057:
716:
90:
3757:
1905:
2984:
866:
health care, assistance for Canadian children in poverty, and job creation. The platform was called
633:
3500:
3494:
2964:
1088:
724:
720:
265:
73:
3571:
2971:
1928:
1115:
1024:
949:, lost its position of Official Opposition, falling to third place. The party's founding leader,
731:
698:
683:
215:
3643:
2941:
2840:
2024:
1155:
954:
739:
220:
3749:
3136:
4267:
3785:
3549:
3525:
2899:
2831:
2708:
2554:
1910:
1459:
1349:
1036:
829:
801:
4285:
3611:
1900:
1235:
480:
3272:
2990:
2977:
8:
3781:
3514:
3314:
Clarke, Harold D.; Kornberg, Allan;Wearing, Peter. A Polity on the Edge: Canada. Pp. 246.
2120:
1195:
789:
743:
735:
225:
3409:
3400:
3360:
3416:
3381:
3364:
2922:
958:
260:
165:
3356:
2951:
1860:
618:
607:
404:
393:
382:
116:
3575:
1120:
817:
727:
694:
679:
195:
3647:
3615:
3451:
3038:
2905:
2892:
1464:
1240:
1160:
1016:
982:
962:
950:
926:
912:
797:
774:
766:
465:
200:
816:
Prime Minister Jean Chrétien announced his approved request by Governor General
3518:
3404:
1200:
1004:
946:
921:
908:
878:
turned down invitations for interviews by Canada's national media outlets, the
643:
205:
3396:
4323:
3590:
3368:
3024:
2879:
1890:
1502:
150:
769:
to become leader of the Official Opposition, but lost its only seat east of
3631:
3529:
3003:
2934:
1870:
1280:
1048:
995:
793:
470:
435:
3553:
2909:
1895:
1354:
3032:
2947:
917:
833:
782:
883:
1875:
966:
770:
180:
1880:
1865:
758:
3214:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 46 and 118
3779:
3330:
1885:
1611:*: Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.
1020:
1000:
762:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
1915:
638:
Results by electoral district, shaded by winners' vote share
3196:
1595:
3394:
3296:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 120.
3223:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 118.
3205:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 112.
3176:
658:
3305:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 49.
3232:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 112
3193:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 46.
3173:
Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.). 1998. Pp. 45.
753:
The election results closely followed the pattern of the
3244:"Mr. George Hickes (Point Douglas), Member Statements"
3273:"Canada poised for vote that may deadlock parliament"
3014:
765:. Reform made sufficient gains in the West to allow
3481:
3411:Unsteady State: The 1997 Canadian Federal Election
3408:
3057:Articles on parties' candidates in this election:
715:was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members to the
989:
911:, who accused Manning of inappropriately using a
821:election call in a majority Parliament since the
773:. The most significant change was major gains in
4321:
670:
3415:. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press.
3375:
663:The Canadian parliament after the 1997 election
3673:indicates parties with members elected to the
3376:Frizzell, Alan; Pammett, Jon H., eds. (1997).
3765:
3467:
3160:Frizzell, Alan (ed.); Pammett, Jon H (ed.).
3137:"Chrétien sets Canadian election for June 2"
2930:Bonaventure—Gaspé—Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Pabok
2895:, Lib def. François Langlois, BQ by 47 votes
945:The Bloc Québécois, under the leadership of
3346:
3267:
3265:
2404:
2308:
2212:
2116:
2020:
1924:
3772:
3758:
3474:
3460:
3241:
3047:List of Canadian federal general elections
2980:, PC def. Gilbert Fillion, BQ by 317 votes
2937:, BQ def. Patrick Gagnon, Lib by 179 votes
1617:
3131:
3129:
2993:, BQ def. Manon Lecours, Lib by 465 votes
994:The Progressive Conservative Party under
3262:
3246:. Government of Manitoba. Archived from
1614:x: Less than 0.005% of the popular vote
856:
2887:Bellechasse—Etchemins—Montmagny—L'Islet
2882:, NDP def. Ken Streatch, PC by 41 votes
972:
953:, had resigned in the aftermath of the
861:Liberal Party logo during the election.
4322:
4309:Historical federal electoral districts
3126:
3006:, Lib def. Paul Shaw, Ref by 481 votes
1849:
3753:
3455:
3447:Predicting the 1997 Canadian Election
3442:Transcript of English Leader's debate
3378:The Canadian general election of 1997
3162:The Canadian General Election of 1997
2925:, Lib def. Dan Hughes, PC by 99 votes
2866:
1599:History of Federal Ridings since 1867
1064:
916:were angry that Manning punished MPs
2967:, Lib def. Art Bull, PC by 232 votes
1007:, the leader of the Bloc Québécois.
847:
3052:List of political parties in Canada
761:, while the Bloc won a majority in
13:
4335:Canadian federal elections by year
3340:
3164:. Dundurn Press Ltd, 1998. Pp. 45.
2850:Christian Heritage Party of Canada
1047:
1015:concentrations of support were in
14:
4356:
4183:29th (1973–1974; no by-elections)
3430:
940:
880:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
648:Results by province and territory
3031:
3017:
961:. Bouchard had been replaced by
852:
657:
642:
632:
613:
612:
602:
601:
567:
566:
559:
558:
449:
434:
399:
398:
388:
387:
377:
376:
336:
335:
328:
327:
320:
319:
179:
164:
149:
111:
110:
25:
3437:Elections Canada: 1997 election
3308:
3299:
3290:
3235:
1316:Independent and No Affiliation
893:
94:151 seats needed for a majority
4330:1997 Canadian federal election
3483:1997 Canadian federal election
3323:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3167:
3154:
2846:Final appearance before hiatus
1030:
990:Progressive Conservative Party
786:Progressive Conservative Party
713:1997 Canadian federal election
675:Prime Minister before election
19:1997 Canadian federal election
1:
3361:10.1016/S0261-3794(00)00003-2
3119:
901:Fresh Start for all Canadians
811:
690:Prime Minister after election
1040:small but growing movement.
868:Securing Our Future Together
7:
4304:Federal electoral districts
3010:
2959:Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte
10:
4361:
4345:June 1997 events in Canada
3380:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
2546:Parties that won no seats:
2544:
1591:
1058:House of Commons of Canada
1043:
4299:Federal political parties
4294:
4266:
4033:
3793:
3684:
3509:
3489:
3108:Progressive Conservatives
2498:
2407:
2405:
2311:
2309:
2215:
2213:
2119:
2117:
2023:
2021:
1927:
1925:
1856:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1315:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
838:organize against Chrétien
804:in the House of Commons.
668:
655:
628:
410:
123:
105:
98:
87:
69:
35:
23:
4340:1997 elections in Canada
3628:Progressive Conservative
3329:Only contested seats in
2815:
2313:Progressive Conservative
1276:Progressive Conservative
999:publicly distributed on
981:under the leadership of
486:Progressive Conservative
3709:MPs who lost their seat
2874:Sackville—Eastern Shore
1618:Vote and seat summaries
1596:http://www.elections.ca
1025:Liberal Party of Quebec
3714:Newspaper endorsements
3565:Independent candidates
3083:Independent Rhinoceros
2841:Reform Party of Canada
1052:
955:1995 Quebec referendum
862:
2832:Canadian Action Party
1051:
1037:Green Party of Canada
872:1993 federal election
860:
832:earlier in the year.
802:official party status
800:'s NDP both regained
757:. The Liberals swept
1056:Summary of the 1997
979:New Democratic Party
973:New Democratic Party
779:New Democratic Party
4258:44th (2021–present)
3401:Gidengil, Elisabeth
1850:Results by province
1061:
957:in order to become
790:minority government
748:Official Opposition
736:majority government
522:Last election
507:Leader's seat
274:Last election
252:Leader's seat
20:
3719:Other endorsements
3704:MPs who stood down
3699:Results by student
3540:Christian Heritage
3073:Christian Heritage
2985:Frontenac—Mégantic
2954:, NDP by 220 votes
2942:Saskatoon—Humboldt
2867:10 closest ridings
2852:(returned in 2004)
2658:Christian Heritage
1424:Christian Heritage
1055:
1053:
863:
576:Popular vote
533:Seats before
492:Leader since
345:Popular vote
288:Seats before
277:177 seats, 41.24%
232:Leader since
100:Opinion polls
18:
4317:
4316:
3795:General elections
3747:
3746:
3694:Results by riding
3422:978-0-19-541466-0
3387:978-1-55002-300-8
3349:Electoral Studies
3093:Marxist-Leninists
2991:Jean-Guy Chrétien
2923:Lawrence MacAulay
2912:, Lib by 66 votes
2900:Selkirk—Interlake
2822:Number of parties
2807:
2806:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1604:
1603:
1060:election results
986:to the election.
959:Premier of Quebec
848:Political Parties
709:
708:
705:
704:
624:
623:
555:Seat change
316:Seat change
283:54 seats, 13.52%
280:52 seats, 18.69%
261:Calgary Southwest
89:301 seats in the
65:
64:
4352:
4253:43rd (2019–2021)
4248:42nd (2015–2019)
4243:41st (2011–2015)
4238:40th (2008–2011)
4233:39th (2006–2008)
4228:38th (2004–2006)
4223:37th (2000–2004)
4218:36th (1997–2000)
4213:35th (1994–1997)
4208:34th (1988–1993)
4203:33rd (1984–1988)
4198:32nd (1980–1984)
4188:30th (1974–1979)
4184:
4178:28th (1968–1972)
4173:27th (1965–1968)
4168:26th (1963–1965)
4163:25th (1962–1963)
4158:24th (1958–1962)
4153:23rd (1957–1958)
4148:22nd (1953–1957)
4143:21st (1949–1953)
4138:20th (1945–1949)
4133:19th (1940–1945)
4128:18th (1936–1940)
4123:17th (1930–1935)
4118:16th (1926–1930)
4108:14th (1921–1925)
4103:13th (1918–1921)
4098:12th (1911–1917)
4093:11th (1909–1911)
4088:10th (1905–1908)
3774:
3767:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3689:Results overview
3678:
3675:House of Commons
3661:(de-registered,
3603:(Neil Paterson,
3587:Marxist–Leninist
3501:Liberal majority
3495:Liberal majority
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3426:
3414:
3391:
3372:
3334:
3327:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3250:on April 7, 2014
3242:Canadian Press.
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3194:
3191:
3174:
3171:
3165:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3133:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
2952:Dennis Gruending
2837:Final appearance
2828:First appearance
2811:Elections Canada
2760:Marxist–Leninist
1854:
1853:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1498:Marxist–Leninist
1091:
1062:
1054:
1035:Support for the
717:House of Commons
671:
661:
649:
646:
639:
636:
616:
615:
605:
604:
570:
569:
562:
561:
528:2 seats, 16.04%
496:October 14, 1995
453:
438:
402:
401:
391:
390:
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379:
339:
338:
331:
330:
323:
322:
241:November 1, 1987
183:
168:
153:
125:
124:
114:
113:
91:House of Commons
74:outgoing members
54:
52:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4320:
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4290:
4262:
4182:
4083:9th (1901–1904)
4078:8th (1896–1900)
4073:7th (1891–1896)
4068:6th (1887–1891)
4063:5th (1883–1887)
4058:4th (1879–1882)
4053:3rd (1874–1878)
4048:2nd (1873–1874)
4043:1st (1867–1872)
4029:
3789:
3778:
3748:
3743:
3728:by constituency
3724:Opinion polling
3680:
3669:
3648:Preston Manning
3616:Alexa McDonough
3526:Canadian Action
3505:
3485:
3480:
3433:
3423:
3405:Nadeau, Richard
3395:Nevitte, Neil;
3388:
3343:
3341:Further reading
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3068:Canadian Action
3039:Politics portal
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2906:Howard Hilstrom
2893:Gilbert Normand
2869:
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2709:Canadian Action
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1465:Paul T. Hellyer
1460:Canadian Action
1241:Alexa McDonough
1161:Preston Manning
1087:
1046:
1033:
1017:Atlantic Canada
992:
983:Alexa McDonough
975:
963:Michel Gauthier
951:Lucien Bouchard
943:
927:Lucien Bouchard
896:
855:
850:
830:Red River Flood
814:
798:Alexa McDonough
775:Atlantic Canada
767:Preston Manning
721:36th Parliament
697:
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682:
677:
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656:
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629:
544:Seats won
525:9 seats, 6.88%
466:Alexa McDonough
457:
456:
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411:
302:Seats won
267:
201:Preston Manning
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79:elected members
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2121:Bloc Québécois
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2110:
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2018:
2017:
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2011:
2008:
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1977:Popular vote:
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1392:Neil Paterson
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1236:New Democratic
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1203:
1201:Gilles Duceppe
1198:
1196:Bloc Québécois
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1005:Gilles Duceppe
991:
988:
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947:Gilles Duceppe
942:
941:Bloc Québécois
939:
922:David Chatters
909:Stephen Harper
895:
892:
854:
851:
849:
846:
813:
810:
796:'s Tories and
781:(NDP) and the
744:Bloc Québécois
725:Prime Minister
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501:April 29, 1995
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3612:New Democrats
3609:
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3591:Hardial Bains
3588:
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3577:
3576:Jean Chrétien
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3355:(1): 87–108.
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3200:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:New Democrats
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3029:
3026:
3025:Canada portal
3015:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:Peter Stoffer
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:Total seats:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:New Democrats
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1831:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:Hardial Bains
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Jean Chrétien
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:Popular vote
1068:Party Leader
1063:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
987:
984:
980:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
938:
934:
930:
928:
923:
919:
914:
910:
904:
902:
891:
887:
885:
881:
875:
873:
869:
859:
853:Liberal Party
845:
841:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
823:1911 election
819:
818:Roméo LeBlanc
809:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:1993 election
751:
749:
745:
742:replaced the
741:
737:
734:won a second
733:
732:Liberal Party
729:
728:Jean Chrétien
726:
722:
718:
714:
701:
700:
696:
695:Jean Chrétien
691:
688:
686:
685:
681:
680:Jean Chrétien
676:
673:
672:
667:
660:
654:
645:
635:
627:
620:
611:
609:
600:
597:
596:
592:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
575:
574:
565:
557:
554:
553:
549:
546:
543:
542:
538:
535:
532:
531:
527:
524:
521:
520:
517:
514:
512:
509:
506:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
491:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
476:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:
452:
444:
437:
429:
426:
425:
421:
419:Fourth party
418:
415:
414:
409:
406:
397:
395:
386:
384:
375:
372:
371:
367:
364:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
334:
326:
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
304:
301:
300:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
282:
279:
276:
273:
272:
269:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Saint-Maurice
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
236:June 23, 1990
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:Jean Chrétien
194:
191:
190:
182:
174:
167:
159:
152:
144:
141:
140:
136:
134:Second party
133:
130:
127:
126:
122:
118:
108:
104:
101:
97:
92:
86:
81: →
80:
75:
72:←
68:
61: →
60:
57:
55:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
4035:By-elections
4023:
3977:
3670:
3668:
3642:
3632:Jean Charest
3626:
3610:
3570:
3563:
3530:Paul Hellyer
3513:
3482:
3410:
3397:Blais, André
3377:
3352:
3348:
3325:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3280:. Retrieved
3276:
3252:. Retrieved
3248:the original
3237:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3169:
3161:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3140:
3113:Reform Party
3063:Independents
3056:
3004:Paul Bonwick
2996:
2983:
2978:André Harvey
2970:
2957:
2940:
2935:Yvan Bernier
2928:
2915:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2808:
2545:
2538:
1829:Independents
1631:Popular vote
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1328:
1294:
1281:Jean Charest
1254:
1214:
1174:
1134:
1094:
1034:
1013:
1009:
996:Jean Charest
993:
976:
944:
935:
931:
905:
900:
897:
894:Reform Party
888:
876:
867:
864:
842:
827:
815:
806:
794:Jean Charest
752:
740:Reform Party
712:
710:
693:
689:
678:
674:
471:Jean Charest
422:Fifth party
268:Sainte-Marie
137:Third party
131:First party
47:June 2, 1997
46:
15:
4268:Referendums
4193:31st (1979)
4113:15th (1926)
3786:referendums
3601:Natural Law
3554:Joan Russow
3542:(Ron Gray,
3098:Natural Law
2998:Simcoe—Grey
2965:Gerry Byrne
2950:, Ref def.
2910:Jon Gerrard
2908:, Ref def.
2607:Natural Law
1857:Party Name
1751:Seat totals
1388:Natural Law
1355:Joan Russow
1071:Candidates
1031:Green Party
723:of Canada.
587:Percentage
359:Percentage
4324:Categories
3663:candidates
3659:Rhinoceros
3652:candidates
3636:candidates
3620:candidates
3605:candidates
3595:candidates
3580:candidates
3558:candidates
3544:candidates
3534:candidates
3493:Outgoing:
3254:October 8,
3120:References
2972:Chicoutimi
2948:Jim Pankiw
1578:12,985,874
1302:2,446,705
1262:1,434,509
1222:1,385,821
1182:2,513,080
1142:4,994,277
918:Bob Ringma
882:(CBC) and
834:Reg Alcock
812:Background
582:2,446,705
579:1,434,509
516:Sherbrooke
354:1,385,821
351:2,513,080
348:4,994,277
51:1997-06-02
3788:in Canada
3782:elections
3369:0261-3794
3282:April 28,
3146:April 28,
2858:combined.
1428:Ron Gray
1099:% Change
884:MuchMusic
3780:Federal
3739:Timeline
3499:Result:
3407:(2000).
3088:Liberals
3011:See also
2917:Cardigan
2809:Source:
1593:Sources:
1528:+0.05pp
1380:+0.18pp
1342:-0.09pp
1308:+2.80pp
1268:+4.17pp
1259:+133.3%
1228:-2.85pp
1188:+0.66pp
1148:-2.78pp
967:Montreal
771:Manitoba
266:Laurier—
3572:Liberal
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2773:
2770:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2671:
2647:
2644:
2603:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2482:
2476:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:Seats:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:Seats:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2239:
2236:
2227:
2221:Seats:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:Seats:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2029:Seats:
1969:
1957:
1933:Seats:
1929:Liberal
1833:
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1764:Liberal
1726:
1713:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1644:Liberal
1587:
1542:
1536:Vacant
1533:
1522:11,468
1484:17,502
1446:29,085
1410:37,085
1374:55,583
1336:60,759
1333:
1313:
1305:18.84%
1265:11.05%
1225:10.67%
1219:-18.5%
1185:19.35%
1179:+15.4%
1145:38.46%
1139:-12.4%
1116:Liberal
1108:Change
1095:Elected
1089:Dissol.
1044:Results
777:by the
759:Ontario
746:as the
719:of the
699:Liberal
684:Liberal
593:18.84%
590:11.05%
511:Halifax
462:Leader
427:
416:
368:10.67%
365:19.35%
362:38.46%
216:Liberal
192:Leader
142:
128:
109:67.0% (
106:Turnout
49: (
3644:Reform
3419:
3384:
3367:
3331:Quebec
3078:Greens
2764:Vote:
2713:Vote:
2662:Vote:
2611:Vote:
2559:Vote:
2455:Vote:
2408:Other
2361:Vote:
2265:Vote:
2169:Vote:
2073:Vote:
2025:Reform
1920:Total
1798:14.62%
1785:19.93%
1777:Reform
1772:51.50%
1722:Others
1704:10.67%
1691:11.05%
1678:18.84%
1665:19.35%
1657:Reform
1652:38.46%
1607:Notes:
1525:0.09%
1487:0.13%
1449:0.22%
1413:0.29%
1377:0.43%
1339:0.47%
1299:+900%
1156:Reform
1074:Seats
1065:Party
1021:Quebec
1001:CD-ROM
763:Quebec
738:. The
598:Swing
477:Party
373:Swing
221:Reform
212:Party
3550:Green
2932:, QC:
2824:: 10
2816:Notes
2555:Green
2400:18.8
2397:13.9
2394:16.7
2391:36.8
2388:38.3
2385:30.8
2382:35.0
2379:22.2
2376:18.8
2373:17.8
2367:14.4
2304:11.0
2301:28.9
2298:20.9
2295:22.0
2292:15.1
2289:30.4
2286:18.4
2280:10.7
2277:23.2
2274:30.9
2268:18.2
2208:10.7
2187:37.9
2112:19.4
2109:25.3
2106:11.7
2094:13.1
2088:19.1
2085:23.7
2082:36.0
2079:54.6
2076:43.1
2016:38.5
2013:22.0
2010:43.1
2007:37.9
2004:44.8
2001:28.4
1998:32.9
1995:36.7
1992:49.5
1989:34.3
1986:24.7
1983:24.0
1980:28.8
1837:0.33%
1824:6.64%
1811:6.98%
1730:1.20%
1717:0.43%
1709:Green
1573:+2.0%
1553:1,672
1548:Total
1350:Green
913:Can$
4286:1992
4281:1942
4276:1898
4024:Next
4018:2021
4013:2019
4008:2015
4003:2011
3998:2008
3993:2006
3988:2004
3983:2000
3978:1997
3973:1993
3968:1988
3963:1984
3958:1980
3953:1979
3948:1974
3943:1972
3938:1968
3933:1965
3928:1963
3923:1962
3918:1958
3913:1957
3908:1953
3903:1949
3898:1945
3893:1940
3888:1935
3883:1930
3878:1926
3873:1925
3868:1921
3863:1917
3858:1911
3853:1908
3848:1904
3843:1900
3838:1896
3833:1891
3828:1887
3823:1882
3818:1878
3813:1874
3808:1872
3803:1867
3784:and
3671:Bold
3417:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3365:ISSN
3284:2010
3256:2008
3148:2010
3000:, ON
2987:, QC
2974:, QC
2961:, NF
2944:, SK
2919:, PE
2902:, MB
2889:, QC
2876:, NS
2803:0.1
2782:0.1
2779:0.1
2776:0.2
2767:0.1
2752:0.1
2728:0.2
2722:0.3
2701:0.2
2698:1.0
2689:0.2
2677:0.4
2674:0.4
2668:0.1
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2100:1.5
2097:9.7
2091:0.3
1972:155
1948:101
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1165:227
1131:174
1128:177
1125:301
1083:1993
1019:and
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381:2.78
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