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1998 Puerto Rican status referendum

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Puerto Rico that established a republican form of self-government. (Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act, P.L. 81-600, 64 Stat. 319). Under current federal law, residents of Puerto Rico enjoy U.S. citizenship, but many contend that the Puerto Rican identity reflects a degree of autonomy that enables the island to remain somewhat separate from, but part of, the United States. On the 1992, "Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies" of President George H.W. Bush, it described the relationship of the Commonwealth to the United States with regard to the administration of federal programs, as follows: "Because Puerto Rico's degree of constitutional self-government, population, and size set it apart from other areas also subject to federal jurisdiction under Article IV, section 3, clause 2 of the Constitution, I hereby direct all federal departments, agencies, and officials, to the extent consistent with the Constitution and the laws of the United States, hence-forward to treat Puerto Rico administratively as if it were a state, except insofar as doing so with respect to an existing federal program or activity would increase or decrease federal receipts or expenditures, or would seriously disrupt the operation of such program or activity." Some support an enhanced or "new" commonwealth status and seek changes in the current relationship to increase the autonomy of Puerto Rico. Aspects of enhanced commonwealth considered but rejected by Congress in 1991 and 2001 included providing the government of Puerto Rico authority to certify that certain federal laws would not be applicable to the commonwealth, mandating that the President consult with the governor on appointments to federal offices in Puerto Rico that require Senate approval, recognizing a permanent relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States that cannot be unilaterally changed, and establishing economic relationships with other nations. Concepts associated with enhanced or new commonwealth have not been published in 2005, but the former governor has reportedly sought additional sovereign authority that would enable Puerto Rico's government officials to negotiate international agreements and establish new intergovernmental fiscal relations with the federal government. The Department of Justice (Raben Letter) found that certain aspects of a "New Commonwealth" proposal described in PDP platform documents could be, or are: "constitutionally unenforceable" or flawed (mutual consent provisions and delegation of powers), of uncertain legality (
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because compacts of free association are legal documents between sovereign nations. Free association could be accompanied by a transition period in which the United States would continue to administer certain services and provide assistance to the island for a period of time specified in the compact. Free association could be annulled at any time by either nation. Negotiations over free association would likely decide issues of trade, defense, currency, and economic aid.
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reviewed by the Department of Justice in response to a congressional request. The history of debate, particularly the 1998 plebiscite, indicates that in the absence of constitutionally valid status options and definitions acceptable to Congress, the debate over status yields few or no conclusive results. The brief summaries of the options analysis on pages 26 and 27 of the report follow:
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above." They asserted that the commonwealth definition on the ballot "failed to recognize both the constitutional protections afforded to our U.S. citizenship and the fact that the relationship is based upon the mutual consent of Puerto Rico and the United States." In the end, a slim majority of voters in that plebiscite selected "none of the above" (50.3%).
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United States or in Puerto Rico. The current unrestricted travel between the United States and the island might end, as would federal benefits (unless specified in the enabling legislation). Puerto Rico would, as a sovereign nation, develop its own economy, form of government, and complete national identity.
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We, the People, in the searches of the power vested upon us by the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, do hereby firmly petition the Congress of the United States, that with all deliberate haste, and after one hundred years of political subordination, the political condition of
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This option would establish Puerto Rico as a sovereign nation separate from, but legally bound (on a terminable basis) to, the United States. As a general practice, free association would be preceded by recognition that Puerto Rico is a self-governing sovereign nation not part of the United States,
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The commonwealth option represents a continuation of the current status of Puerto Rico. The territorial clause of the United States Constitution empowers Congress with the authority to regulate territories. Commonwealth status for Puerto Rico is based on statutory provisions and the Constitution of
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Five alternatives were listed on the ballot: "limited self-government"; "free association"; "statehood"; "sovereignty"; and "none of the above." Disputes arose as to the definition of each of the ballot alternatives; and commonwealth advocates, among others, reportedly urged a vote for "none of the
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Some advocates of independence contend that the cultural identity of Puerto Ricans, and other factors, justify independence. As residents of a sovereign independent nation, Puerto Ricans could develop closer ties to Caribbean nations, but would likely be forced to choose between citizenship in the
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Advocates of statehood contend that the full rights and responsibilities of citizenship should be granted to residents of Puerto Rico. Political stability, particularly as an economic development tool, is seen by some to be one significant advantage of statehood. As residents of a state, Puerto
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states that the "definitions or, more specifically, the lack of definitions of the political status options for Puerto Rico, compound the complexity of the debate." The report stated that constitutional implications of three status options ("new commonwealth," statehood, and independence) were
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Ricans would be entitled to full representation in Congress, would be subject to income taxes, and would be eligible to receive federal assistance like that provided to all of the states. Opponents argue that statehood would result in a loss of national identity.
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the People of Puerto Rico and the scope of the sovereignty of the United States of America be defined in an unequivocal manner in order to resolve the present territorial problem of the island under the following options:
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A referendum on the political status of Puerto Rico was held on December 13, 1998. Voters were given the choice between statehood, independence,
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The resulting political climate after the 1998 plebiscite reflected the need for proper definitions of status options.
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Results of the 1998 Puerto Rican status referendum by municipality
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Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress.
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Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress
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OUP Oxford. p. 552. 5602: 4800: 5630:December 1998 events in North America 4900: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 420: 392: 381: 370: 359: 278: 19:1998 Puerto Rican status referendum 13: 410: 14: 5646: 4794: 4928: 191: 25: 4831: 4822: 229:Congressional Research Service 1: 4787: 216:Definition of status options 66: 7: 5635:Multiple-choice referendums 10: 5651: 5615:Referendums in Puerto Rico 4885:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 4707: 4653: 4599: 4545: 4491: 4437: 4383: 4329: 4275: 4221: 4167: 4113: 4059: 4005: 3951: 3897: 3843: 3789: 3735: 3681: 3627: 3573: 3519: 3465: 3411: 3357: 3303: 3249: 3195: 3141: 3087: 3033: 2979: 2925: 2871: 2817: 2763: 2709: 2655: 2601: 2547: 2493: 2439: 2385: 2331: 2277: 2223: 2169: 2115: 2061: 2007: 1953: 1899: 1845: 1791: 1737: 1683: 1629: 1575: 1521: 1467: 1413: 1359: 1305: 1251: 1197: 1143: 1089: 1035: 981: 927: 873: 819: 765: 711: 657: 603: 549: 495: 269: 5494: 5454: 5259: 5054: 4941: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 438:Territorial commonwealth 403: 393:Registered voters/turnout 355: 344: 333: 322: 311: 300: 289: 284: 281: 190: 181: 166: 156: 151: 143: 138: 128: 123: 113: 108: 98: 94: 90: 80: 75: 63: 39: 23: 5625:Independence referendums 323:Territorial Commonwealth 144:Territorial commonwealth 197:Results by municipality 242:statutory citizenship 5056:Legislative Assembly 5620:1998 in Puerto Rico 5456:Municipal elections 4828:Nohlen, p. 555 417: 371:Invalid/blank votes 275: 20: 426:None of the above 415: 274: 223:In its June 2011, 18: 5597: 5596: 4875:Pages 26 & 27 4815:978-0-19-928357-6 4785: 4784: 435:Free Association 408: 407: 334:None of the above 202: 201: 177: 176: 171: 170: 158:None of the above 54: 53: 5642: 5610:1998 referendums 4933: 4932: 4931: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4884: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4866: 4858: 4843: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4798: 418: 414: 312:Free association 276: 273: 247:Free association 206:free association 195: 186: 185: 130:Free association 88: 87: 82: 81: 70: 69: 59: 58: 47:13 December 1998 41: 40: 35: 34: 30: 29: 28: 21: 17: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5490: 5450: 5255: 5050: 4937: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4895: 4894: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4846: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4799: 4795: 4790: 413: 411:By municipality 272: 218: 198: 184: 183: 182: 173: 172: 164: 149: 136: 121: 106: 71: 57: 56: 55: 33: 32: 31: 26: 24: 12: 11: 5: 5648: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5591: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 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Retrieved 4838: 4833: 4824: 4805: 4796: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4716: 4708: 4659: 4605: 4551: 4497: 4443: 4389: 4335: 4281: 4227: 4173: 4119: 4065: 4011: 3957: 3903: 3899:Santa Isabel 3849: 3795: 3741: 3687: 3633: 3579: 3525: 3471: 3417: 3363: 3309: 3255: 3201: 3147: 3093: 3039: 2985: 2931: 2877: 2823: 2769: 2715: 2661: 2607: 2553: 2549:Barranquitas 2499: 2445: 2391: 2337: 2283: 2229: 2175: 2121: 2067: 2013: 1959: 1955:Quebradillas 1911: 1901:Aguas Buenas 1851: 1803: 1749: 1695: 1641: 1587: 1533: 1479: 1425: 1371: 1317: 1263: 1209: 1155: 1101: 1047: 993: 939: 885: 831: 777: 723: 669: 615: 561: 507: 422:Municipality 301:Independence 254:Independence 236:Commonwealth 227:report, the 224: 222: 219: 210: 203: 115:Independence 46: 15: 5495:Referendums 4061:Hormigueros 3521:Barceloneta 1307:San Lorenzo 821:Las Piedras 382:Total votes 360:Valid votes 5604:Categories 5572:2012 (Nov) 5567:2012 (Aug) 5512:1952 (Nov) 5507:1952 (Mar) 5261:U.S. House 4871:August 14, 4788:References 4277:Guayanilla 3251:San Germán 3197:Las Marías 2279:Juana Díaz 1091:Río Grande 429:Statehood 5464:1899–1900 4780:1,566,270 4547:Naranjito 4169:Cabo Rojo 3737:Vega Baja 3683:Vega Alta 3575:Canóvanas 713:Aguadilla 396:2,197,824 385:1,566,270 363:1,561,424 348:1,561,424 290:Statehood 261:Statehood 100:Statehood 4942:Governor 4881:cite web 4841:page 19. 4804:(2005). 4655:Aibonito 3845:Mayagüez 2813:166,904 2765:San Juan 2711:Patillas 2657:Luquillo 2603:Carolina 2495:Peñuelas 2387:Toa Baja 2333:Toa Alta 1793:Orocovis 875:Adjuntas 767:Guaynabo 659:Villalba 4721:728,157 4713:787,900 4703:12,038 4649:11,989 4595:15,028 4493:Culebra 4487:14,944 4433:11,754 4385:Salinas 4331:Vieques 4271:23,491 4223:Humacao 4217:19,030 4163:11,504 4055:20,710 3893:41,962 3839:18,510 3785:25,117 3731:15,992 3677:21,728 3623:15,818 3569:10,254 3515:27,185 3461:58,149 3407:13,538 3359:Morovis 3305:Guánica 3299:16,557 3191:15,837 3137:68,266 3083:10,650 3035:Naguabo 3029:18,351 2981:Yabucoa 2975:16,403 2927:Guayama 2921:21,220 2873:Isabela 2867:13,929 2651:73,058 2597:13,700 2543:10,960 2489:17,524 2441:Hatillo 2435:35,004 2381:20,772 2327:19,302 2273:10,255 2225:Comerío 2117:Maunabo 2111:14,747 2057:13,219 2003:12,368 1949:12,581 1895:18,453 1841:11,981 1787:12,567 1733:17,433 1685:Corozal 1679:15,780 1625:43,725 1577:Arecibo 1517:13,671 1409:16,937 1355:16,897 1301:14,119 1253:Fajardo 1247:16,991 1193:93,465 1145:Bayamón 1139:18,191 983:Florida 977:18,937 869:14,548 815:40,802 761:26,614 707:10,871 605:Maricao 599:18,183 337:787,900 293:728,157 270:Results 163:  148:  135:  120:  105:  76:Results 4812:  4730:39,838 4439:Dorado 4379:3,930 4325:9,790 4228:13,184 4174:10,252 4109:8,137 4012:11,228 4001:7,323 3953:Rincón 3947:8,711 3857:17,847 3850:22,611 3749:10,801 3742:13,559 3634:11,335 3479:11,973 3472:14,112 3425:25,582 3418:30,388 3413:Caguas 3353:8,965 3245:5,348 3101:31,264 3094:34,690 2878:10,871 2819:Gurabo 2777:77,537 2770:82,427 2759:9,408 2705:7,942 2615:34,151 2608:36,565 2399:16,496 2392:17,324 2338:10,353 2219:5,576 2165:5,875 2009:Añasco 1847:Aguada 1739:Cataño 1631:Utuado 1588:21,528 1581:21,024 1571:8,636 1523:Arroyo 1469:Juncos 1463:8,299 1415:Jayuya 1156:46,435 1149:43,912 1085:9,594 1037:Ciales 1031:5,408 929:Manatí 923:9,038 778:20,935 771:18,332 724:13,787 717:12,167 653:3,416 545:9,498 488:Votes 482:Votes 476:Votes 470:Votes 464:Votes 458:Votes 452:Votes 447:Total 444:Blank 388:100.00 351:100.00 304:39,838 279:Choice 4865:(PDF) 4770:1,890 4760:2,956 4740:4,536 4709:Total 4667:4,396 4660:7,233 4613:4,425 4606:7,257 4559:5,749 4552:8,924 4451:5,887 4444:8,547 4397:4,693 4390:6,726 4343:1,580 4336:2,207 4289:3,934 4282:5,411 4235:9,577 4181:7,839 4127:4,750 4120:6,450 4115:Lajas 4073:3,408 4066:4,407 4019:8,706 4007:Cayey 3965:3,082 3958:4,093 3911:3,702 3904:4,786 3863:1,191 3803:7,879 3796:9,947 3791:Yauco 3695:6,975 3688:8,548 3641:9,499 3587:6,945 3580:8,405 3533:4,501 3526:5,552 3431:1,787 3371:6,036 3364:7,237 3317:4,005 3310:4,659 3263:7,432 3256:8,605 3209:2,411 3202:2,805 3155:7,178 3148:8,344 3143:Coamo 3107:1,830 3089:Ponce 3047:4,878 3040:5,500 2993:8,435 2986:9,451 2939:7,551 2932:8,290 2885:9,844 2831:6,460 2824:7,051 2783:5,490 2723:4,383 2716:4,706 2669:3,699 2662:4,029 2621:1,870 2561:6,404 2554:6,938 2507:5,139 2500:5,314 2453:8,220 2446:8,888 2345:9,794 2291:9,125 2284:9,737 2237:4,869 2230:5,099 2183:2,647 2176:2,782 2171:Ceiba 2129:2,805 2122:2,838 2075:7,033 2068:7,282 2063:Lares 2021:6,334 2014:6,632 1967:5,934 1960:6,095 1912:6,037 1905:5,989 1859:8,885 1852:9,044 1804:5,826 1797:5,917 1750:6,124 1743:6,052 1696:8,533 1689:8,501 1642:7,757 1635:7,688 1534:4,261 1527:4,058 1480:6,769 1473:6,555 1426:4,104 1419:3,961 1372:8,377 1365:7,762 1361:Cidra 1318:8,405 1311:8,067 1264:7,015 1257:6,660 1210:8,442 1203:8,190 1199:Camuy 1163:2,488 1102:9,100 1095:8,546 1048:4,820 1041:4,580 994:2,732 987:2,458 940:9,590 933:8,783 886:4,572 879:4,247 832:7,452 825:6,792 785:1,190 670:5,660 663:4,973 616:1,801 609:1,531 562:9,794 555:7,995 508:5,286 501:3,950 497:Loíza 441:Null 399:71.26 374:4,846 366:99.69 345:Total 340:50.46 315:4,536 296:46.63 282:Votes 167:50.5% 109:46.6% 5588:2024 5582:2020 5577:2017 5562:2005 5557:1998 5552:1994 5547:1993 5542:1991 5537:1970 5532:1967 5527:1964 5522:1961 5517:1960 5502:1951 5485:2024 5479:2020 5474:2016 5469:2012 5445:2024 5439:2020 5434:2016 5429:2012 5424:2008 5419:2004 5414:2000 5409:1996 5404:1992 5399:1988 5394:1984 5389:1980 5384:1976 5379:1972 5374:1968 5369:1964 5364:1960 5359:1956 5354:1952 5349:1948 5344:1944 5339:1940 5334:1936 5329:1932 5324:1928 5319:1924 5314:1920 5309:1917 5304:1914 5299:1912 5294:1910 5289:1908 5284:1906 5279:1904 5274:1902 5269:1900 5250:2024 5244:2020 5239:2016 5234:2012 5229:2008 5224:2004 5219:2000 5214:1996 5209:1992 5204:1988 5199:1984 5194:1980 5189:1976 5184:1972 5179:1968 5174:1964 5169:1960 5164:1956 5159:1952 5154:1951 5149:1948 5144:1944 5139:1940 5134:1936 5129:1932 5124:1928 5119:1924 5114:1920 5109:1917 5104:1914 5099:1912 5094:1910 5089:1908 5084:1906 5079:1904 5074:1902 5069:1900 5064:1898 5045:2024 5039:2020 5034:2016 5029:2012 5024:2008 5019:2004 5014:2000 5009:1996 5004:1992 4999:1988 4994:1984 4989:1980 4984:1976 4979:1972 4974:1968 4969:1964 4964:1960 4959:1956 4954:1952 4949:1948 4887:link 4873:2011 4810:ISBN 4725:46.5 4717:50.3 4670:36.5 4664:60.1 4616:36.9 4610:60.5 4562:38.3 4556:59.4 4541:863 4508:38.9 4454:39.4 4448:57.2 4400:39.9 4394:57.2 4346:40.2 4340:56.2 4292:40.2 4286:55.3 4238:40.8 4232:56.1 4184:41.2 4178:53.9 4130:41.3 4124:56.1 4076:41.9 4070:54.2 4016:54.2 3968:42.1 3962:55.9 3914:42.5 3908:54.9 3860:42.5 3854:53.9 3806:42.6 3800:53.7 3698:43.6 3692:53.5 3644:43.7 3638:52.2 3590:43.9 3584:53.1 3536:43.9 3530:54.1 3476:51.9 3422:52.3 3374:44.6 3368:53.5 3320:44.7 3266:44.9 3212:45.1 3206:52.4 3158:45.3 3152:52.7 3104:45.8 3098:50.8 3050:45.8 3044:51.6 2990:51.5 2936:50.5 2888:46.4 2882:51.2 2834:46.4 2828:50.6 2780:46.5 2774:49.4 2726:46.6 2672:46.6 2666:50.7 2618:46.7 2564:46.7 2558:50.6 2510:46.9 2504:48.5 2456:46.9 2450:50.7 2402:47.1 2396:49.5 2348:47.2 2342:49.8 2294:47.3 2288:50.4 2240:47.5 2234:49.7 2186:47.5 2180:49.9 2132:47.7 2126:48.3 2078:47.7 2072:49.4 2024:47.9 2018:50.2 1964:49.3 1908:47.6 1862:48.1 1808:48.6 1800:49.4 1754:48.7 1746:48.2 1700:48.9 1692:48.8 1646:49.2 1638:48.7 1592:49.2 1584:48.1 1538:49.3 1484:49.5 1476:47.9 1430:49.5 1422:47.7 1376:49.5 1368:45.8 1322:49.7 1314:47.7 1268:49.7 1260:47.2 1214:49.7 1206:48.2 1160:49.7 1052:50.2 1044:47.7 998:50.5 990:45.5 944:50.6 936:46.4 890:50.6 836:51.2 828:46.7 782:51.3 774:44.9 728:51.8 720:45.7 674:52.1 666:45.7 620:52.7 612:44.8 566:53.9 551:Moca 512:55.7 504:41.6 377:0.31 329:0.06 318:0.29 307:2.55 152:0.1% 139:0.3% 124:2.6% 4775:0.1 4765:0.2 4755:0.1 4750:993 4745:0.3 4735:2.5 4700:0.1 4694:0.2 4682:0.2 4676:2.9 4673:354 4646:0.1 4640:0.2 4634:0.1 4628:0.2 4619:238 4592:0.1 4586:0.1 4580:0.1 4574:0.1 4565:298 4538:0.2 4532:0.1 4526:0.5 4514:3.2 4505:336 4498:492 4484:0.1 4478:0.2 4472:0.1 4466:0.2 4460:2.9 4457:426 4430:0.2 4424:0.1 4412:0.2 4406:2.2 4403:259 4376:0.3 4370:0.3 4364:0.1 4358:0.2 4352:2.8 4349:110 4322:0.2 4316:0.2 4304:0.2 4298:3.9 4295:378 4268:0.1 4262:0.2 4256:0.1 4250:0.3 4244:2.4 4241:567 4214:0.1 4208:0.3 4202:0.1 4196:0.3 4190:4.2 4187:796 4160:0.2 4154:0.1 4148:0.1 4142:0.2 4136:2.1 4133:238 4106:0.2 4100:0.1 4094:0.1 4088:0.2 4082:3.3 4079:268 4052:0.2 4046:0.1 4040:0.1 4034:0.3 4025:629 3998:0.2 3992:0.3 3986:0.1 3980:0.2 3974:1.3 3944:0.2 3938:0.1 3932:0.1 3926:0.2 3917:170 3890:0.1 3884:0.2 3878:0.1 3872:0.3 3869:141 3866:2.8 3836:0.2 3830:0.1 3824:0.1 3818:0.3 3809:556 3782:0.1 3776:0.2 3764:0.2 3758:2.5 3755:625 3728:0.1 3722:0.2 3716:0.1 3710:0.3 3704:2.3 3701:362 3674:0.1 3668:0.2 3662:0.1 3656:0.3 3650:3.4 3647:748 3620:0.1 3614:0.3 3608:0.1 3602:0.3 3596:2.2 3593:352 3566:0.1 3560:0.2 3548:0.1 3542:1.5 3539:151 3512:0.1 3506:0.2 3500:0.1 3494:0.4 3491:115 3488:3.3 3485:901 3458:0.1 3452:0.2 3449:116 3446:0.1 3440:0.3 3437:190 3434:3.1 3404:0.2 3398:0.1 3386:0.1 3380:1.5 3377:204 3350:0.1 3344:0.1 3338:0.1 3332:0.2 3326:2.8 3323:250 3296:0.2 3290:0.2 3284:0.1 3278:0.4 3272:2.3 3269:375 3242:0.2 3236:0.1 3224:0.1 3215:105 3188:0.1 3182:0.2 3176:0.1 3170:0.1 3164:1.5 3161:239 3134:0.1 3128:0.2 3125:139 3122:0.1 3116:0.3 3113:204 3110:2.7 3080:0.1 3074:0.3 3062:0.2 3053:208 3026:0.1 3020:0.2 3014:0.1 3008:0.2 3002:1.9 2999:353 2972:0.1 2966:0.3 2960:0.1 2954:0.2 2948:2.7 2945:442 2918:0.2 2912:0.2 2900:0.2 2894:1.8 2891:388 2864:0.1 2858:0.2 2852:0.1 2846:0.3 2840:2.4 2837:334 2810:0.1 2807:135 2804:0.2 2801:309 2798:0.1 2795:135 2792:0.5 2789:871 2786:3.3 2756:0.2 2750:0.2 2744:0.1 2738:0.2 2732:2.7 2729:252 2702:0.1 2696:0.2 2684:0.4 2675:158 2648:0.1 2642:0.2 2639:115 2636:0.1 2630:0.3 2627:253 2624:2.6 2594:0.1 2588:0.2 2582:0.1 2576:0.1 2570:2.2 2567:298 2540:0.2 2534:0.2 2528:0.1 2522:0.3 2516:3.9 2513:429 2486:0.1 2480:0.1 2474:0.1 2468:0.2 2462:1.9 2459:326 2432:0.1 2426:0.2 2420:0.1 2414:0.3 2408:2.7 2405:958 2378:0.1 2372:0.2 2360:0.3 2354:2.5 2351:511 2324:0.2 2318:0.2 2306:0.2 2300:1.7 2297:321 2270:0.1 2264:0.1 2252:0.1 2246:2.4 2243:249 2216:0.2 2210:0.2 2204:0.1 2198:0.3 2192:1.9 2189:107 2162:0.2 2156:0.2 2150:0.1 2144:0.2 2138:3.4 2135:197 2108:0.1 2102:0.1 2090:0.2 2084:2.4 2081:359 2054:0.1 2048:0.1 2036:0.2 2030:1.4 2027:186 2000:0.1 1994:0.2 1982:0.2 1976:2.2 1973:273 1946:0.1 1940:0.1 1928:0.2 1922:3.9 1919:491 1892:0.3 1886:0.2 1874:0.3 1868:2.1 1865:383 1838:0.2 1832:0.3 1826:0.1 1820:0.1 1814:1.4 1811:167 1784:0.1 1778:0.2 1772:0.1 1766:0.3 1760:2.4 1757:303 1730:0.2 1724:0.2 1712:0.1 1706:1.8 1703:308 1676:0.1 1670:0.2 1658:0.2 1652:1.6 1649:248 1622:0.1 1616:0.2 1604:0.2 1598:2.1 1595:915 1568:0.1 1562:0.2 1556:0.1 1550:0.2 1544:3.1 1541:266 1514:0.1 1508:0.2 1502:0.1 1496:0.1 1487:271 1460:0.2 1454:0.2 1448:0.1 1442:0.2 1436:2.2 1433:181 1406:0.1 1400:0.2 1388:0.3 1382:4.1 1379:687 1352:0.2 1346:0.2 1340:0.1 1334:0.2 1328:1.9 1325:313 1298:0.1 1292:0.2 1286:0.1 1280:0.2 1274:2.4 1271:344 1244:0.2 1238:0.2 1232:0.1 1226:0.2 1220:1.5 1217:254 1190:0.1 1184:0.2 1181:174 1178:0.1 1172:0.3 1169:320 1166:2.7 1136:0.1 1130:0.2 1124:0.1 1118:0.3 1112:2.2 1109:409 1082:0.2 1076:0.1 1064:0.1 1058:1.5 1055:146 1028:0.1 1022:0.2 1010:0.3 1004:3.4 1001:186 974:0.1 968:0.2 962:0.1 956:0.3 950:2.3 947:435 920:0.3 914:0.2 908:0.1 902:0.2 896:1.6 893:148 866:0.1 860:0.2 848:0.2 842:1.6 839:226 812:0.1 806:0.2 800:0.1 794:0.5 791:204 788:2.9 758:0.1 752:0.2 746:0.1 740:0.2 734:1.9 731:509 704:0.3 698:0.1 686:0.2 680:1.6 677:169 650:0.3 644:0.3 638:0.1 632:0.2 626:1.6 596:0.1 590:0.2 584:0.1 578:0.2 572:1.6 569:291 542:0.1 536:0.1 530:0.1 524:0.2 518:2.3 515:215 326:993 5606:: 4883:}} 4879:{{ 4847:^ 4697:10 4691:20 4679:22 4643:15 4637:19 4625:27 4589:12 4583:19 4571:18 4511:28 4502:57 4481:10 4475:34 4469:13 4463:27 4427:26 4421:17 4409:28 4373:12 4367:12 4319:24 4313:24 4301:16 4265:26 4259:41 4253:23 4247:73 4211:23 4205:48 4199:10 4193:62 4157:18 4151:15 4139:24 4103:16 4097:12 4085:19 4049:34 4043:29 4037:21 4031:63 4022:42 3995:15 3989:21 3977:11 3971:97 3941:21 3923:21 3887:49 3881:96 3875:27 3833:34 3827:27 3821:18 3815:49 3779:23 3773:50 3767:12 3761:47 3752:43 3746:54 3725:19 3719:38 3707:42 3671:32 3665:43 3659:12 3653:59 3617:15 3611:47 3599:45 3563:11 3557:24 3545:12 3509:21 3503:45 3497:18 3482:44 3455:46 3443:40 3428:44 3401:23 3395:18 3383:17 3341:13 3329:22 3314:52 3293:27 3287:38 3281:17 3275:63 3260:52 3239:12 3185:20 3179:24 3173:11 3167:21 3131:87 3119:52 3077:13 3071:28 3059:19 3023:25 3017:39 3011:16 3005:32 2996:46 2969:23 2963:48 2957:11 2951:38 2942:46 2915:33 2909:37 2897:42 2855:27 2843:39 2753:20 2747:18 2735:22 2720:50 2693:12 2681:33 2645:61 2633:43 2612:50 2591:12 2585:24 2573:17 2537:23 2531:19 2519:28 2483:19 2477:20 2465:42 2429:29 2423:74 2417:24 2411:99 2375:11 2369:41 2357:55 2321:33 2315:45 2303:38 2267:10 2261:12 2249:14 2213:10 2207:10 2195:15 2159:10 2153:10 2105:14 2099:20 2087:35 2051:17 2045:19 2033:28 1997:11 1991:23 1979:29 1970:48 1943:15 1937:17 1925:30 1916:48 1889:49 1883:35 1871:48 1856:49 1835:19 1829:35 1817:11 1781:14 1775:24 1763:43 1727:29 1721:30 1709:24 1673:21 1667:34 1655:25 1619:59 1613:83 1607:20 1601:96 1565:11 1559:20 1547:14 1530:47 1511:19 1505:27 1499:10 1493:20 1457:14 1451:18 1439:16 1403:17 1397:36 1385:50 1349:26 1343:36 1337:11 1331:39 1295:15 1289:32 1283:19 1277:34 1241:32 1235:30 1223:34 1187:80 1175:56 1152:47 1133:22 1127:43 1121:16 1115:55 1106:50 1098:47 1079:21 1073:13 1061:12 1007:15 971:24 965:32 959:12 953:61 917:27 911:15 899:21 882:47 863:15 857:29 845:27 809:32 803:69 797:40 755:24 749:53 743:22 737:52 701:33 695:14 683:19 647:10 641:11 623:54 593:26 587:31 581:11 575:35 558:44 539:11 533:12 521:16 491:% 485:% 479:% 473:% 467:% 461:% 455:% 4920:e 4913:t 4906:v 4889:) 4818:. 4688:0 4685:3 4631:8 4622:2 4577:8 4568:2 4535:2 4529:1 4523:4 4520:0 4517:0 4418:0 4415:5 4361:2 4355:7 4310:0 4307:3 4145:9 4091:7 4028:3 3983:4 3935:6 3929:5 3920:2 3812:3 3770:0 3713:8 3605:9 3554:0 3551:3 3392:0 3389:3 3347:9 3335:7 3233:8 3230:0 3227:1 3221:6 3218:2 3068:0 3065:4 3056:2 2906:0 2903:5 2861:9 2849:9 2741:7 2699:9 2690:0 2687:2 2678:2 2579:7 2525:8 2471:9 2366:0 2363:7 2312:0 2309:3 2258:0 2255:2 2201:5 2147:6 2141:9 2096:0 2093:4 2042:0 2039:3 1988:0 1985:3 1934:0 1931:2 1880:0 1877:9 1823:6 1769:7 1718:0 1715:8 1664:0 1661:7 1610:0 1553:6 1490:2 1445:5 1394:0 1391:8 1229:9 1070:0 1067:2 1025:6 1019:9 1016:0 1013:2 905:8 854:0 851:7 692:0 689:3 635:3 629:6 527:8 285:%

Index

Statehood
Independence
Free association
None of the above

free association
Congressional Research Service
statutory citizenship
Municipality
Loíza
Moca
Maricao
Villalba
Aguadilla
Guaynabo
Las Piedras
Adjuntas
Manatí
Florida
Ciales
Río Grande
Bayamón
Camuy
Fajardo
San Lorenzo
Cidra
Jayuya
Juncos
Arroyo
Arecibo

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