671:. On 8 December, D Company located the first major stores dump in a cave at the south of the mountains. It contained approximately 2,500 anti-personnel grenades, 22 anti-tank mines, 22 boxes of anti-watercraft mines and a large quantity of weapons, equipment and explosives. On the same day, B Company, on the north side of the mountain, found the first signs of the hospitals. The following day they discovered a bunker system of 12 bunkers identified as part of K76A Hospital. On 11 December V Company, operating in the south-east, located another hospital with 17 large bunkers large enough to take up to 100 patients and identified it as also part of K76A. By this time all companies were discovering enemy signs and having contacts. On the same day W Company, which was patrolling north-east of the Song Rai River, located a large enemy camp with 25–28 VC and at first light on 12 December attacked the group with one VC killed while the remainder escaped. A Company successfully scaled the western side and were able to establish a fire support base on the summit. On 16 and 17 December D Company located the K76A pharmacy, dental post and orderly room. There they recovered a huge supply of medical drugs. On 19 December, V Company discovered the major part of the hospital, a 200-bed complex complete with underground pharmacy, operating pits and convalescing wards. An enormous cache of medical supplies, food, tools, and equipment were found at the hospital and a large weapons cache was discovered nearby. Over the next week, all rifle companies conducted day and night search and destroy missions in their areas until 29 December 1969. Four Australians were killed with none wounded during the operation. There were no New Zealand casualties. VC killed numbered 22 with 5 wounded and 21 prisoners, 14 of whom had been patients of the K76A Hospital. Between D Company's and V Company's finds, approximately 1.5 tonnes of pharmaceuticals had been captured, thought to be the largest amount ever seized in the war by allied forces.
548:, deploying two battalions of the US 173rd Airborne Brigade and an element of 1 RAR. 5 RAR deployed from Vung Tau the same day and was tasked with clearing any VC found in an area 6,000 metres (6,600 yd) east and north-east of Nui Dat. 1 ATF occupied Nui Dat from 5 June, with Jackson flying-in with his tactical headquarters to take command. The plan to operate independently resulted in significant self-protection requirements and 1 ATF's initial priorities were to establish a base and ensure its own security. Meanwhile, Wilton's decision to occupy Nui Dat rather than co-locate 1 ATF with its logistic support at Vung Tau allowed the task force to have a greater impact, but resulted in additional manpower demands to secure the base. Indeed, the security requirements of an understrength brigade in an area of strong VC activity utilised up to half the force, limiting its freedom of action. As part of the occupation all inhabitants within a 4,000-metre radius had been removed and resettled nearby. A protective security zone was then established, the limit of which was designated Line Alpha, and a
456:, it was close but not adjacent to the main population centres, and would allow 1 ATF to disrupt VC activity in the area. Astride a major communist transit and resupply route, it was close to a VC base area yet near enough to Ba Ria to afford security to the provincial capital and facilitate liaison with the local authorities. Australian doctrine emphasised establishing a base and spreading influence outwards to separate the guerrillas from the population. By lodging at Nui Dat they aimed to form a permanent presence between the VC and the inhabitants. 1 ATF would then focus on destroying VC forces in the province, while security of the towns and villages remained a South Vietnamese responsibility.
638:(PAVN) and VC main force units operating in battalion and regimental strength for the first time in near conventional warfare, ultimately fighting their largest, most hazardous and most sustained battle of the war. During 26 days of fighting Australian casualties included 25 killed and 99 wounded, while PAVN/VC casualties included 267 killed confirmed by body count, 60 possibly killed, seven wounded and 11 captured. Later, from December 1968 to February 1969 two battalions from 1 ATF again deployed away from their base in Phuoc Tuy province, operating against suspected communist bases in the Hat Dich area, in western Phuoc Tuy, south-eastern Bien Hoa and south-western Long Khan provinces during
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checkpoints on the main access routes between the villages, visit local hamlets and offer medical services to those villagers who might need it. All platoons conducted mine clearing and ambushing tasks. After 31 days the operation ended with casualties all from mine detonations. These were
Australian mines which had been uplifted by the VC from the Australian minefield laid in 1967 and relaid or booby trapped. 6 RAR/NZ's casualties were 11 killed (6 New Zealanders, 5 Australians) and 54 wounded (10 New Zealanders, 44 Australians). A particularly disastrous incident on 21 July was the major inspiration for the 1983 pop song
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forces began to move back into Phuoc Tuy following their departure. Ultimately, despite maintaining a reputation for professionalism, the operations of the task force had little impact on the outcome of the war. Between June 1966 and
December 1971, 1 ATF recorded at least 3,370 PAVN/VC killed, the majority in Phuoc Tuy, while an unknown number were wounded. Total Australian Army casualties during the Vietnam War were 478 killed and 3,025 wounded, the bulk of which were sustained by 1 ATF. New Zealand casualties during the war were 37 killed and 187 wounded, the majority of which while serving in 1 ATF.
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setback for the VC, indefinitely forestalling an imminent movement against Nui Dat. Although there were other large-scale encounters in later years, 1 ATF was not fundamentally challenged again. The battle established the task force's dominance over the province, and allowed it to pursue operations to restore government authority. Regardless, during
February 1967 the Australians suffered their heaviest casualties in the war to that point, losing 16 men killed and 55 wounded in a single week, the bulk during
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stronger than the standard
Australian battalion which only had four. New Victor and Whisky companies from RNZIR were again attached to subsequent 4 RAR and 6 RAR rotations during later tours. The ANZAC battalions were commanded by an Australian officer, with a New Zealand officer appointed as deputy commander. All of the New Zealanders were regular soldiers. In late 1968 a
322:(RAN) elements would also be deployed and with all three services total Australian strength in Vietnam was planned to rise to 6,300. Meanwhile, 1 RAR's attachment to US forces had highlighted the differences between Australian and American operational methods. Whereas the Americans relied on massed firepower and mobility in big-unit
533:. Few of its senior personnel had direct experience of counter-insurgency operations, and even less a first-hand understanding of the situation in Vietnam, while it had been unable to train together before departure. Despite these shortfalls 1 ATF had been required to rapidly deploy and commence operations in a complex environment.
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on 9 December 1971. V Company and the New
Zealand medical team were also withdrawn at this time. Meanwhile, D Company, 4 RAR with an assault pioneer and mortar section and a detachment of APCs remained in Vung Tau protect the task force headquarters and 1 ALSG until the final withdrawal of stores and
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On 1 March 1968 the
Australian and New Zealand governments agreed to merge the New Zealand rifle companies into one Australian battalion which resulted in both New Zealand companies integrating with A, B, and C Companies of 2 RAR to become 2 RAR/NZ (ANZAC). With a total of five rifle companies it was
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on 18 August 1966, D Company 6 RAR with considerable artillery support held off and defeated a VC force of at least regimental strength. 18 Australians were killed and 24 wounded, while 245 VC dead were later recovered from the battlefield. A decisive
Australian victory, Long Tan proved a major local
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were also committed. A third troop was created out of the headquarters tanks, and by August the squadron was brought up to its full strength of 26 tanks. Australian and New
Zealand infantry would work very closely with these tank troops for the remainder of their time in Vietnam. Additional Iroquois
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to the US 173rd
Airborne Brigade based at Biên Hòa or joining 1 ATF in Phuoc Tuy. As with 1 RAR, the New Zealand battery had served under US command since June 1965 and was New Zealand's only military contribution to operations in Vietnam at that time. The decision was subsequently made to integrate
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on order. Its principal objective was to secure Route 15 for military movement to ensure allied control of the port at Vung Tau, while politically it sought to extend government authority in Phuoc Tuy. The task force would be based in a rubber plantation at Nui Dat, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north
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Although 1 ATF had been able to dominate its area of operations and successfully reduced the PAVN/VC's ability to "influence and coerce" the population of the province, while affording the South
Vietnamese government some degree of control, this did not last following their withdrawal, and PAVN/VC
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was headquartered. The VC base in the mountains provided logistics and controlled the VC 274th and 275th Regiments as well as local VC guerilla forces. The area was also the location of the K76A Hospital, which was the principal provider of medical services for the regional VC and PAVN forces. All
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One operation which became infamous as it became known to the public was Operation Mundingburra, a mine-clearing action conducted in the Long Hai Hills from 15 July 1969 involving 6 RAR/NZ (ANZAC.) The operation had three objectives: disrupt enemy infiltration into the villages, maintain regular
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on 21 September proved to be the last major battle fought by Australian and New Zealand forces in the war, and resulted in five Australians being killed and 30 wounded. The New Zealand SAS troop was withdrawn in February and the artillery battery in May. Finally, on 16 October Australian forces
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Although primarily operating out of Phuoc Tuy, the 1 ATF was also available for deployment elsewhere in III Corps and with the province progressively coming under control, 1968 saw the Australians spending a significant period of time conducting operations further afield. 1 ATF was subsequently
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was not replaced at the end of its tour of duty. 1 ATF was again reduced to just two infantry battalions, albeit with significant armour, artillery and aviation support remaining. One of the New Zealand infantry companies—W Company—was also withdrawn at this time. Australian combat forces were
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A number of 1 ATF operations resulted in major defeats for the enemy including Operation Marsden in 1969 whereupon enormous caches of weapons and supplies and the main hospital servicing the local Communist forces were discovered and destroyed; and Operation Townsville in April 1970 whereupon
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also supported 1 ATF from Vung Tau. Although 1 ATF was ostensibly independent, US forces provided considerable support including medium and heavy artillery, close air support, helicopter gunships, medium and heavy lift helicopters and additional utility helicopters. Six 155 mm
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had been laid by the Australian engineers within a 100-metre-wide strip of cleared ground between a double row of fences. Security of the minefield proved to be ineffective and the VC thereafter simply uplifted the mines and re-used them against the Australians and New Zealanders.
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border, could be resupplied and, if necessary, evacuated by sea, and enabled them to concentrate their efforts in a single area to achieve greater national recognition. Rather than being attached to a US division, negotiations between senior Australian and US commanders—including
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and consisted of two and later three infantry battalions, with armour, aviation, engineers and artillery support. While the task force was primarily responsible for securing Phuoc Tuy Province, its units, and the Task Force Headquarters itself, occasionally deployed outside its
2024:
Cable, Ross William. An independent command: command and control of the 1st Australian Task Force in Vietnam. Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 2000. Canberra Papers No.
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helicopters were also added. In all a further 1,200 men were deployed, taking the total Australian troop strength to 7,672 combat troops, its highest level during the war. This increase effectively doubled the combat power available to the task force commander.
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troop was also attached to the Australian SAS Squadron. New Zealand strength peaked at 552 troops in 1969. At its height 1 ATF numbered over 8,000 men, including three infantry battalions, armour, artillery, engineers, logistics and aviation units in support.
589:, arrived in December 1967. The New Zealand contribution also increased with a second infantry company added also in December 1967. Whisky Company RNZIR was initially attached to 3 RAR and then came under operational control of 2 RAR, as with Victor Company.
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declared. Although unusual for allied installations in Vietnam, many of which were located near populated areas, the Australians hoped to deny the VC observation of Nui Dat and afford greater security to patrols entering and exiting the area.
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and commanded the AATTV and Australian Army Force Vietnam prior to taking up the appointment. With the new force given less than two months to deploy, hasty preparations began in Australia to ready it. Meanwhile, the headquarters of the
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1 ATF's organisation varied as Australian and New Zealand units rotated through South Vietnam and the total size of the Australian and New Zealand force in South Vietnam changed. The task force typically consisted of:
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What would ultimately prove to be a tactical blunder by 1 ATF Command and account for the majority of Australian and New Zealand casualties throughout the war, was the laying of a minefield over a 10 km area from
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One of the most successful 1 ATF operations which severely weakened the PAVN/VC forces in 1 ATF's area of operations was Operation Marsden (3–28 December 1969) which was a search-and-destroy mission conducted in the
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five infantry companies from 6 RAR/NZ were deployed on 2 December. A Company scaled the mountains, having to make their way through a 200-metre-wide minefield of improvised mines made from unexploded U.S Air Force
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since June 1965, would be replaced at the end of its tour by a two-battalion brigade—the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF)—with armour, aviation, engineers and artillery support; in total 4,500 men. Additional
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deployed since the Second World War, although many of 1 ATF's officers and non-commissioned officers had seen extensive operational service, the task force had been hastily assembled and included many untried
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would be established in VĹ©ng TĂ u with a direct link forward via road. Situated on Route 2, Wilton had selected Nui Dat because its central position offered short
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1 ATF was tasked with dominating its TAOR and conducting operations throughout Phuoc Tuy as required, as well as deploying anywhere in III Corps and neighbouring
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The task force began arriving at Vung Tau between April and June 1966. From 17 May to 15 June, US and Australian forces secured the area around Nui Dat during
472:
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2319:. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. Vol. 8. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
2300:. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975. Vol. 2. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
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Meanwhile, with the war continuing to escalate following further American troop increases, 1 ATF was heavily reinforced. A third infantry battalion,
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While the VC were largely forced to withdraw to the borders of the province by 1968–69, the situation in Phuoc Tuy was challenged during the 1968
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334:—emphasised deliberate patrolling using dispersed companies supported by artillery, armored personnel carriers and helicopters to separate the
852:(1 ACAU) was established in 1967 and worked closely with 1 ATF; however, it was also under the command of AFV. No. 9 Squadron RAAF operating
338:(VC) from the population in the villages, while slowly extending government control. Consequently, 1 ATF which would be allocated its own
565:. 5 RAR and 6 RAR completed their tours in mid-1967 and were replaced by 7 RAR and 2 RAR. The first New Zealand infantry, Victor Company
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Smith, Barry (2002). "The Role and Impact of Civil Affairs in South Vietnam 1965–1971". In Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey (eds.).
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384:. This would allow the force greater freedom of action and the chance to demonstrate the Australian Army's evolving concept for
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deployed astride infiltration routes leading to Saigon in order to interdict communist movement against the capital as part of
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Following US and Australian negotiations, the New Zealand government was given the choice of continuing the attachment of the
353:, Phuoc Tuy had been selected by the Australians because it was an area of significant VC activity, was located away from the
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The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1962–1972. Proceedings of the 2002 Chief of Army's Military History Conference
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569:, arrived in May 1967 from Malaysia and served with the outgoing 6 RAR before and then with the newly arrived 2 RAR.
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were alleged to have referred to it as "the biggest intelligence coup of the war." 1 ATF was withdrawn in late 1971.
844:(AATTV) was separate from 1 ATF and reported directly to the Australian Force Vietnam (AFV) headquarters located in
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One field artillery regiment (with one New Zealand field battery and a US medium artillery battery attached);
2357:. Australian Army Campaigns Series. Vol. 3. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Army History Unit.
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light observation helicopters, and an intelligence detachment. Support arrangements were provided by the
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in May and June 1968. At Fire Support Bases Coral and Balmoral the Australians had clashed with regular
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346:, thereby allowing the Australians to pursue operations more independently using their own methods.
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The Australian withdrawal started in November 1970. As a consequence of the overall US strategy of
507:(1 ALSG) established amid the sand dunes at Vung Tau 30 kilometres (19 mi) south, while eight
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The Search for Tactical Success in Vietnam: An Analysis of Australian Task Force Combat Operations
2132:. Vol. 4. Moorebank, New South Wales: The Corps Committee of the Royal Australian Engineers.
491:, engineers from the 1st Field Squadron and 21st Engineer Support Troop, 103rd Signals Squadron,
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the New Zealand battery into 1 ATF in June 1966, and from 1967 New Zealand infantry and NZSAS.
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which often resulted in heavy casualties on both sides, the Australians—although not eschewing
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to South Vietnam, each with four tanks, plus two tanks with the squadron headquarters. Two
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2483:"Australia's Vietnam War: Exploring the Combat Actions of the 1st Australian Task Force"
2443:. Australian Army History Series. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
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708:, the last Australian infantry battalion in South Vietnam, sailed for Australia onboard
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The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975
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which provided administrative support to all Australian forces in South Vietnam. The
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642:. From May 1969 the main effort of the task force returned to Phuoc Tuy Province.
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In March 1966 the Australian government decided to increase its commitment to the
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used by the VC headquarters. As a result, senior U.S commanders including General
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and with the Australian government keen to reduce its own commitment to the war,
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372:—ensured 1 ATF would be an independent command under the operational control of
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Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; and Jean Bou (2008).
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equipment could be completed, finally returning to Australia on 12 March 1972.
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Australian and New Zealand platoons captured the operational signals codes and
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handed over control of the base at Nui Dat to South Vietnamese forces, while
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utility helicopters was based at Vung Tau and operated in support of 1 ATF.
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New Zealand's Vietnam War: A History of Combat, Commitment and Controversy
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Victor Four Company – 6 RAR/NZ (ANZAC) Battalion, South Vietnam 1969–1970)
305:(1 RAR), which had been serving as the third infantry battalion of the US
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Fighting to the Finish: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1968–1975
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2205:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military Historical Publications.
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Vietnam ANZACs – Australian & New Zealand Troops in Vietnam 1962–72
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2424:. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Cambridge University Press.
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in 1972. Attacks on RF outposts and village incursions also continued.
2153:"Diggers and Kiwis: Australian and New Zealand Experience in Vietnam"
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Other significant Australian actions during this period included the
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380:-level headquarters in Bien Hoa which reported directly to Commander
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1st Australian Task Force Organisation Chart as at 31 December 1966
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On the Offensive: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1967–1968
2186:(Second ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
2033:(Second ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
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were also permanently attached at Nui Dat. The largest Australian
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between 1966 and 1972. 1 ATF was based in a rubber plantation at
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2094:. Vol. 9. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
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further reduced during 1971 as part of a phased withdrawal. The
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To Long Tan: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1950–1966
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In February 1968 the Australian government sent two troops of
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Military units and formations of Australia in the Vietnam War
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Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001
2338:. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Child & Associates.
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Rolling Thunder in a Gentle Land: The Vietnam War Revisited
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Paving the Way: The Royal Australian Engineers 1945 to 1972
1965:
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1714:"W3 Company – Service Stories: Operations Ross and Marsden"
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Order of battle of Australian forces during the Vietnam War
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Initially, 1 ATF consisted of two infantry battalions—the
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warfare, developed in part from its operations during the
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2052:(Second ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
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Duty First: A History of the Royal Australian Regiment
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One engineer support troop: 21 Engineer Support Troop;
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which consisted of one New Zealand and two Australian
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Significant battles conducted by the Task Force were
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1972
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Destroy and Build: Pacification in Phuoc Tuy 1966–72
2260:
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History
2113:. North Sydney, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
2069:
Australia and the Vietnam War: The Essential History
1989:
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994:
284:
Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War
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The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History
1953:
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2262:. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press.
2241:The Battle of Long Tan: The Legend of Anzac Upheld
2151:
1466:. 1 Field Squadron RAE Association. Archived from
2515:Military units and formations established in 1966
2439:Ross, Andrew; Hall, Robert; Griffin, Amy (2015).
2381:. Canberra: Army History Unit. pp. 229–239.
748:One field squadron (engineers): 1 Field Squadron;
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2471:Australian Order of Battle for Vietnam 1962–1972
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814:New Zealand forces attached to 1 ATF included:
2466:Australian War Memorial: Vietnam War 1962–1972
802:Light Observation Helicopters, Cessna 180s, a
477:1st Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery
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818:One to two rifle companies (W and V Company,
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577:to the coast. By June 1967, close to 23,000
246:in 1968. Other significant actions included
790:1st Australian Task Force Logistics Company
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972:"6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment"
417:161st Battery, Royal New Zealand Artillery
2355:Australian Military Operations in Vietnam
1692:"I was only 19 A Walk in the Light Green"
978:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
2505:Ad hoc units and formations of Australia
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2031:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
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1118:"Home – HQ 1st Brigade – Forces Command"
864:The following officers commanded 1 ATF:
587:3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
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522:A Battery, US 2/35th Artillery Battalion
465:6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
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303:1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
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392:. The task force would be commanded by
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2336:Army Australia: An Illustrated History
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412:was subsequently used to raise 1 ATF.
250:in late-December 1968 and early 1969,
214:, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of
35:An Australian soldier in South Vietnam
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1995:
1959:
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842:Australian Army Training Team Vietnam
505:1st Australian Logistic Support Group
2315:McNeill, Ian; Ekins, Ashley (2003).
2224:. Elite Series 103. Oxford: Osprey.
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2086:Ekins, Ashley; McNeill, Ian (2012).
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1718:W3 Company RNZIR Vietnam (1969–1970)
754:One construction engineer squadron:
2485:. Australian Defence Force Academy.
1569:. Army History Unit. Archived from
820:Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment
483:equipped with eighteen 105 mm
13:
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14:
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1120:. Australian Army. Archived from
850:1st Australian Civil Affairs Unit
742:Two or three infantry battalions;
540:Phuoc Tuy Province, South Vietnam
198:-sized formation which commanded
1771:The 6RAR Association, Queensland
1666:"Vietnam War Timeline: Ops 1969"
29:
2071:. Sydney: NewSouth Publishing.
2029:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (2001).
1756:
1731:
1706:
1684:
1658:
1633:
1559:
1537:
1482:
1456:
1110:
932:
615:New Zealand Special Air Service
433:1st Australian Support Compound
340:Tactical Area of Responsibility
326:operations as part of a war of
225:Tactical Area of Responsibility
520:self-propelled howitzers from
288:New Zealand in the Vietnam War
1:
2530:Cold War history of Australia
2017:
1764:"Long Tan to the Nui May Tao"
1494:Australia and the Vietnam War
859:
685:
475:armoured personnel carriers,
423:
349:The southernmost province in
957:
925:
292:
7:
2420:Richardson, Thomas (2017).
2258:McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000).
2160:. Oxford: Osprey. pp.
827:Royal New Zealand Artillery
739:Headquarters Company 1 ATF;
493:161st Reconnaissance Flight
467:. Other units included the
435:, VĹ©ng TĂ u, 3 November 1966
10:
2556:
2156:. In Wiest, Andrew (ed.).
2128:Greville, Phillip (2002).
2111:Australia's War in Vietnam
756:17th Construction Squadron
727:
450:logistics and support base
374:US II Field Force, Vietnam
316:Royal Australian Air Force
281:
277:
99:US II Field Force, Vietnam
63:Free World Military Forces
1694:. Australian War Memorial
1547:. Australian War Memorial
796:161 Reconnaissance Flight
192:1st Australian Task Force
122:
104:
94:
86:
78:
68:
58:
48:
40:
28:
24:1st Australian Task Force
23:
16:Joint military task force
2353:Palazzo, Albert (2006).
1900:Ekins & McNeill 2012
1888:Ekins & McNeill 2012
1864:Ekins & McNeill 2012
1641:"Operation Mundingburra"
1616:Ekins & McNeill 2012
1592:McNeill & Ekins 2003
1517:McNeill & Ekins 2003
1427:McNeill & Ekins 2003
1403:Ekins & McNeill 2012
976:Vietnam, 1962–1972 units
920:
636:People's Army of Vietnam
632:Battle of Coral–Balmoral
244:Battle of Coral–Balmoral
155:Battle of Coral–Balmoral
2334:Odgers, George (1988).
2243:. London: Arrow Books.
2067:Edwards, Peter (2014).
1878:, pp. 171 and 173.
1668:. VSASA. Archived from
1567:"Vietnam War 1962–1972"
772:One Armoured Squadron (
650:by the Australian band
332:conventional operations
236:Battle of Suoi Chau Pha
145:Battle of Suoi Chau Pha
2277:McGibbon, Ian (2010).
541:
454:lines of communication
436:
307:173rd Airborne Brigade
301:, announcing that the
2500:Brigades of Australia
2296:McNeill, Ian (1993).
2239:McAulay, Lex (1986).
2220:Lyles, Kevin (2004).
2109:Frost, Frank (1987).
1545:"1 Armoured Regiment"
1464:"Minefield of Misery"
786:One Signals Squadron;
630:and later during the
598:1st Armoured Regiment
539:
431:
320:Royal Australian Navy
2525:Military task forces
2281:. Auckland: Exisle.
2201:Kuring, Ian (2004).
1604:Coulthard-Clark 2001
579:"jumping jack" mines
370:William Westmoreland
264:one-time cipher pads
256:Battle of Long Khanh
170:Battle of Long Khanh
1974:, pp. 549–550.
1866:, pp. 640–641.
1739:"Operation Marsden"
1672:on 18 February 2011
1645:Victor Four Company
1606:, pp. 288–289.
1573:on 5 September 2006
1534:, pp. 180–181.
1369:, pp. 240–241.
1306:, pp. 206–207.
1258:, pp. 201–202.
1157:, pp. 133–134.
1080:, pp. 194–196.
1027:, pp. 171–172.
1015:, pp. 321–333.
808:Pilatus PC-6 Porter
546:Operation Hardihood
531:National Servicemen
513:No. 9 Squadron RAAF
448:of Ba Ria, while a
403:, and later in the
1470:on 23 October 2019
1145:, pp. 86–140.
678:in June 1969, and
640:Operation Goodwood
558:Battle of Long Tan
542:
437:
360:Lieutenant General
344:Phuoc Tuy Province
324:search and destroy
254:in June 1969, and
248:Battle of Hat Dich
232:Battle of Long Tan
220:Phuoc Tuy Province
206:units deployed to
160:Battle of Hat Dich
135:Battle of Long Tan
113:Phuoc Tuy Province
2450:978-1-107-09844-2
2431:978-1-107-18973-7
2059:978-0-19-551784-2
1926:, pp. 42–43.
1799:Dennis et al 2008
1068:, pp. 38–41.
1054:Dennis et al 2008
982:on 21 August 2008
660:Mây Tà o Mountains
606:bridgelayer tanks
511:helicopters from
485:L5 Pack Howitzers
390:Malayan Emergency
386:counterinsurgency
252:Battle of Binh Ba
185:
184:
165:Battle of Binh Ba
2547:
2486:
2454:
2435:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2391:. Archived from
2380:
2368:
2349:
2330:
2311:
2292:
2273:
2254:
2235:
2216:
2197:
2175:
2155:
2143:
2124:
2105:
2082:
2063:
2044:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1773:. Archived from
1768:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
968:
951:
948:Easter Offensive
936:
909:(1970–1971); and
701:Battle of Nui Le
626:during the 1968
624:Operation Coburg
563:Operation Bribie
489:3rd SAS Squadron
469:1st APC Squadron
401:Second World War
268:Creighton Abrams
240:Operation Coburg
204:New Zealand Army
175:Battle of Nui Le
150:Operation Coburg
140:Operation Bribie
33:
21:
20:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2432:
2415:
2413:Further reading
2410:
2401:
2399:
2398:on 4 April 2015
2395:
2389:
2378:
2365:
2346:
2327:
2308:
2289:
2270:
2251:
2232:
2213:
2194:
2172:
2140:
2121:
2102:
2079:
2060:
2041:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
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1846:
1838:
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1826:
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1720:
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1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
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1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
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1576:
1574:
1565:
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1543:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1498:
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1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1462:
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1457:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1409:
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1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
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1325:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
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1274:
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1254:
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1242:
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1230:
1226:
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1214:
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1197:
1189:
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1177:
1173:
1165:
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1141:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
999:
995:
985:
983:
970:
969:
965:
960:
955:
954:
937:
933:
928:
923:
862:
834:New Zealand SAS
804:Cessna Bird Dog
774:Centurion tanks
732:
726:
724:Order of battle
688:
602:bulldozer tanks
594:Centurion tanks
501:Bell H-13 Sioux
426:
295:
290:
282:Main articles:
280:
188:
181:
53:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2553:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2488:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2460:External links
2458:
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2198:
2192:
2182:, ed. (2008).
2176:
2170:
2144:
2138:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2083:
2077:
2064:
2058:
2045:
2039:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1998:, p. 231.
1988:
1986:, p. 235.
1976:
1964:
1952:
1950:, p. 239.
1940:
1928:
1916:
1914:, p. 539.
1904:
1902:, p. 828.
1892:
1890:, p. 686.
1880:
1868:
1856:
1854:, p. 247.
1844:
1842:, p. 246.
1832:
1830:, p. 563.
1815:
1813:, p. 231.
1803:
1801:, p. 557.
1791:
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1683:
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1632:
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1620:
1618:, p. 727.
1608:
1596:
1594:, p. 303.
1584:
1558:
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1521:
1519:, p. 249.
1506:
1481:
1455:
1453:, p. 187.
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1431:
1429:, p. 126.
1419:
1417:, p. 374.
1407:
1405:, p. 692.
1395:
1393:, p. 183.
1383:
1371:
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1347:
1345:, p. 178.
1335:
1333:, p. 246.
1323:
1321:, p. 326.
1308:
1296:
1294:, p. 275.
1284:
1282:, p. 322.
1272:
1260:
1248:
1246:, p. 145.
1236:
1234:, p. 199.
1224:
1222:, p. 172.
1212:
1195:
1193:, p. 196.
1183:
1181:, p. 238.
1171:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1124:on 8 June 2011
1109:
1107:, p. 191.
1097:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1056:, p. 556.
1029:
1017:
1005:
1003:, p. 177.
993:
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959:
956:
953:
952:
930:
929:
927:
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922:
919:
918:
917:
910:
907:W.G. Henderson
903:
896:
893:C.M.I. Pearson
889:
882:
875:
861:
858:
838:
837:
830:
823:
812:
811:
793:
787:
784:
781:Australian SAS
777:
770:
759:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
725:
722:
692:Vietnamization
687:
684:
682:in June 1971.
550:free-fire zone
509:UH-1B Iroquois
425:
422:
294:
291:
279:
276:
258:in June 1971.
194:(1 ATF) was a
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2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:by Brian Ross
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2394:
2390:
2388:0-642-50267-6
2384:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2366:
2364:1-876439-10-6
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2345:0-86777-061-9
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2299:
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2288:9780908988969
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2269:9780195583762
2265:
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2256:
2252:
2246:
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2237:
2233:
2231:1-84176-702-6
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2193:9781741753745
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:Horner, David
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:Grey, Jeffrey
2145:
2141:
2139:1-876439-74-2
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2101:9781865088242
2097:
2093:
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2084:
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2078:9781742232744
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2010:, p. 45.
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1972:McGibbon 2010
1968:
1962:, p. 17.
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1938:, p. 41.
1937:
1936:Greville 2002
1932:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1912:McGibbon 2010
1908:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1828:McGibbon 2000
1824:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1780:on 5 May 2020
1776:
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1513:
1511:
1495:
1491:
1490:"A Minefield"
1485:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1451:McGibbon 2010
1447:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1381:, p. 57.
1380:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1357:, p. 49.
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1270:, p. 42.
1269:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1244:McGibbon 2010
1240:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1210:, p. 46.
1209:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1169:, p. 39.
1168:
1163:
1156:
1155:McGibbon 2000
1151:
1144:
1143:McGibbon 2010
1139:
1123:
1119:
1113:
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1101:
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1038:
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1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
981:
977:
973:
967:
963:
949:
945:
944:33rd Regiment
941:
940:Tet Offensive
935:
931:
915:
914:B.A. McDonald
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
894:
890:
887:
883:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
866:
865:
857:
855:
854:UH-1 Iroquois
851:
847:
843:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821:
817:
816:
815:
809:
805:
801:
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683:
681:
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672:
670:
669:cluster bombs
665:
662:where the VC
661:
655:
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649:
648:I Was Only 19
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Tet Offensive
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619:
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249:
245:
241:
238:in 1967, and
237:
233:
228:
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221:
217:
213:
209:
208:South Vietnam
205:
201:
197:
193:
187:Military unit
176:
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1967:
1955:
1948:McNeill 1993
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1122:the original
1112:
1105:McNeill 1993
1100:
1095:, p. 7.
1093:McAulay 1986
1078:McNeill 1993
1073:
1066:Palazzo 2006
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1025:McNeill 1993
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996:
984:. Retrieved
980:the original
975:
966:
934:
916:(1971–1972).
902:(1969–1970);
895:(1968–1969);
888:(1967–1968);
874:(1966–1967);
872:O.D. Jackson
863:
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664:5th Division
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95:Part of
18:
1852:Odgers 1988
1840:Odgers 1988
1811:Horner 2008
1698:30 November
1391:Horner 2008
1343:Horner 2008
1319:Kuring 2004
1280:Kuring 2004
1013:Kuring 2004
1001:Horner 2008
886:R.L. Hughes
879:S.C. Graham
497:Cessna 180s
410:1st Brigade
363:John Wilton
318:(RAAF) and
299:Vietnam War
130:Vietnam War
123:Engagements
105:Garrison/HQ
54:New Zealand
2494:Categories
2326:1863733043
2307:1863732829
2250:0099525305
2212:1876439998
2171:184603020X
2120:004355024X
2040:1865086347
2018:References
1996:Smith 2002
1960:Lyles 2004
1784:26 January
1748:26 January
1723:26 January
1676:16 January
1650:16 January
1628:Frost 1987
1577:6 December
1551:26 January
1499:26 January
1474:26 January
912:Brigadier
905:Brigadier
898:Brigadier
891:Brigadier
884:Brigadier
877:Brigadier
860:Commanders
800:Bell Sioux
765:Squadron (
728:See also:
710:HMAS
686:Withdrawal
680:Long Khanh
495:operating
471:operating
424:Operations
405:Korean War
342:(TAOR) in
200:Australian
59:Allegiance
1876:Grey 2006
958:Citations
926:Footnotes
900:S.P. Weir
869:Brigadier
783:Squadron;
596:from its
526:formation
481:batteries
441:Bình Thủy
394:Brigadier
355:Cambodian
351:III Corps
328:attrition
293:Formation
234:in 1966,
52:Australia
44:1966–1972
2150:(2006).
1128:26 April
604:and two
445:IV Corps
336:Vietcong
311:Biên Hòa
242:and the
2402:11 July
2162:156–173
986:1 April
881:(1967);
676:Binh Ba
556:At the
382:US MACV
367:General
278:History
212:Nui Dat
196:brigade
109:Nui Dat
90:Brigade
49:Country
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836:troop.
829:); and
806:and a
712:Sydney
652:Redgum
575:Dat Do
216:Bà Rịa
69:Branch
41:Active
2396:(PDF)
2379:(PDF)
1778:(PDF)
1767:(PDF)
921:Notes
792:; and
767:M-113
706:4 RAR
696:8 RAR
567:RNZIR
378:corps
2445:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2404:2015
2383:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2321:ISBN
2302:ISBN
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2264:ISBN
2245:ISBN
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2096:ISBN
2073:ISBN
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2035:ISBN
2025:134.
1786:2020
1750:2020
1725:2020
1700:2019
1678:2020
1652:2020
1579:2013
1553:2020
1501:2020
1476:2020
1130:2011
988:2009
840:The
832:One
779:One
761:One
518:M109
499:and
473:M113
463:and
365:and
286:and
272:MACV
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461:5th
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