805:. The reforms of 2008 reduced this number to 500. The problems with this began when the search started for alternative owners. Mostly the local councils were obliged to take them over but this created problems that made local councils reluctant. There was no decent oversight over the residents, many towns contained large criminal or destitute people that the local law enforcement was unable to touch, since the closed establishment was under military jurisdiction. The residential and infrastructure was in a poor condition and locals councils did not have resources to repair. As long as these towns were under the control of the military, residents from these establishments could make written complaints. Most complaints disappeared, were ignored or simply received no reply. Complaining was useless and responsible people with power to change anything were not reachable. Local councils, who after Serdyukov's reforms had to take over, are reachable. Considering the residents of these towns also gained right to participate local elections after military's withdrawal, most of the local councils management did not want to take them over.
744:, who was appointed as the new Commander-in-Chief of the VDV in May 2009 and who generally supported the reform programme, cancelled all cuts and changes in the VDV and announced that the airborne troops would be reinforced. Serdyukov announced that he did not see the need to create independent rapid-reaction forces. "The Armed Forces already have such units in the VDV. They will be strengthened, and each military district will have an Airborne brigade to carry out urgent missions and operations under unpredictable circumstances." The divisions were strengthened and there are now four independent airborne/air-assault brigades.
124:('Urgent Tasks for the Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation'), the latter of which was very similar to the 2008 programme, as it emphasised the need for reductions in personnel strength, a gradual decrease in the use of conscripts in favour of professional soldiers, the creation of a professional NCO corps and drastic changes to officer training and education. The 2003 program moved at a very slow pace, mainly due to the unwillingness of the military to reform.
1585:
683:(VMF) units were to be cut almost by half, from 240 to 123 units. The navy's fighting capability would be bolstered by bringing various units to their full wartime strength. Other planned changes were the offloading of non-military assets such as housing, the outsourcing of some jobs to civilian contractors and a reduction of the number of non-combat officers. The Fleets were subordinated to the new Operational Strategic Commands, the
793:
facilities would become affiliates of these ten centers; decisions regarding potential closures were to be taken later. Serdyukov affirmed that the entire faculty of military institutes would be preserved and absorbed into the new system and that only the managerial layer would be reduced. He also said that many formerly military specialisations, such as lawyers, would now be educated at civilian facilities.
19:
838:. Since 1991, there had been many plans to reform the Russian military to post-Soviet level and make it more suitable for Russian national defence needs but resistance from the General Staff and existing structures, most of them were implemented only by name. The reforms of 2008 was the first clearly implemented reform where the General Staff's resistance was broken.
362:
sergeants into the system would take not 3 to 4 years as envisaged, but at least 10 to 15. This delay could undermine reform by creating problems with management and the manning of those combat arms where a relatively high percentage of officers are involved in the direct operation of military equipment, such as the submarine fleet and air defence forces.
563:. The number of military units and formations in the Ground Forces were to be reduced from 1,890 to 172 within three years. The original four-link command and control system (military district – army – division – regiment) was replaced by a three-link system (military district – operational command – brigade).
792:
schools – and institutes) would be reduced by 2012 to just ten "systemic institutions", three research and teaching centers, six academies and one university. The new institutions would train officers and conduct research. They would be established according to territory, not combat arm. For now, all
722:
and the support units were reorganised into 13 air bases, which were merged into territorially integrated structures in a second stage. As is the case for the reformed Air Force, each new air base consisted of an HQ, support units, and one or more aviation groups (the former air bases). Several units
862:
that did have a risk occurring once in a while. Before the 2008 reforms
Russian military industry used 150,000 tons of ammunition a year. By 2011, there were 4.5 million tons of obsolete ammunition in storage at ammunition depots. Some of the obsolete ammunition in storage were made in the 1920s for
706:
Under the State
Armament Program, 100 warships would be procured by 2020. The purchase of 20 submarines, 35 corvettes, and 15 frigates was planned. The Navy's schools and research institutes were merged into a territorially distributed Naval Academy Research and Training Center which consists of the
542:
and
Tajikistan, and 12 independent brigades. Out of those 24 divisions, only 5 motorised rifle-divisions were at full strength in 2008. Only about 13 per cent of the army units could be deemed permanently combat-ready. It was announced that every tank or motorised rifle division would be split, as a
516:
up for sale, e.g., Moscow MD headquarters (Polina
Osipenko Street, Moscow), Far East MD headquarters (Seryshev Street, Khabarovsk). The initial asking prices for these buildings and land will be several billion U.S. dollars. As long planned, proceeds from these sales, along with the sale of the Navy
356:
An important element of the reforms was the creation of a professional NCO corps. Such a corps would serve as the basis for soldier training and military discipline. The NCO corps was to consist of specialists with almost 3 years (2 years and 10 months) of training. The first new NCO Training Centre
857:
led the investigation and concluded
Ekaterinburg "did not unload the ammunition set for repair: there were torpedoes on it, and regular ballistic missiles". Part of the reason for Moscow's dissatisfaction was that funds had been released to remove the armaments from Ekaterinburg for the duration of
727:
changed their status. The 61st
Separate Naval Infantry Brigade of the Northern Fleet became a regiment, the 810th Regiment of the Black Sea Fleet became a brigade, the 55th Division of the Pacific Fleet was disbanded and replaced by the 155th Separate Naval Infantry Brigade and the 77th Brigade of
666:
All the air defence divisions and corps of the Air
Defence Forces (PVO), which were part of the Air Force since 1998, were disbanded and replaced by 13 aerospace defence brigades. These new brigades were distributed among the seven commands and consist of fighter aviation air bases, SAM regiments,
813:
Despite significant increases in defence spending before
Serdyukov became defence minister, the better funding was not visible because it had vaporised. Apparently Serdyukov's first task was to establish control over finance, explaining why he created a financial control department in the MoD and
132:
An essential part of the military reform was the reduction in the size of the armed forces. By the beginning of the reform, there were about 1.13 million active personnel in the
Russian Armed Forces. The planned reduction to 1 million servicemen was to be advanced from 2016 to 2022. Most of the
361:
Institute for
Airborne Troops. The future NCOs would occupy the posts of commanders and deputy commanders of motor rifle, reconnaissance, airborne and motor transport platoons, as well as company and battery first sergeants. It was planned to have 2,000 candidates annually. The introduction of
343:
On April 4, 2011, General-Colonel Vasily Smirnov, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, said that the reformed forces would consist of 220,000 officers, 425,000 contract servicemen and 300,000 conscript soldiers. The cutting of the officer corps later contributed to officer shortages during the
867:
tanks, that had been retired. By the end of 2012, Russian military training fields had been blown up with 3.6 million tons of this ammo. Russia's military industry, which had been responsible for storing this ammunition, did not like this since it proved to be a detriment to their business.
853:. As per some date, three fires happened on that day and the last one went out of control, creating a dangerous incident with the weaponry on board, including nuclear weapons. Officials initially claimed that all weaponry was moved from the Ekaterinburg beforehand but Deputy Prime Minister
579:(those with 24 combat aircraft per regiment). The new organisation of the VVS established the Air Base as the basic structural element. Each air base would include an HQ, 1 to 7 air squadrons (or aviation groups), an airfield service battalion and communication units. The
547:
near Moscow. By the end of 2009, 23 of the 24 divisions had been disbanded and their elements were used to create 4 tank brigades, 35 motorised rifle brigades (10 of which were existing) and one "fortifications" brigade. All the brigades are permanent-readiness forces.
517:
Main Staff, military educational institutions, and other military establishments in Moscow, are supposed to fund construction of housing for servicemen as well as military garrison infrastructure in new army deployment locations.
591:
64:
Significant reforms of the Russian military were announced in October 2008 under Serdyukov and structural reorganisation began in early 2009. The aims of the reform were to reorganise the structure and the
425:
In mid 2010, a reorganisation was announced which would consolidate military districts and the navy's fleets into four Joint Strategic Commands (OSK). Geographically divided, the four commands would be
776:
The centralisation and cutting of the military education system was closely related to reductions to the officer corps. The Russian military education system had been based upon the previous set of
834:
style of cutting power from the General Staff. Serdyukov's next step was to reduce massive maintenance costs since the Russian military before the reforms was essentially a smaller version of the
641:
740:(VDV) into 7 to 8 air-assault brigades, among a number of other cuts and changes which drew fierce protests from reserve and active airborne troopers who feared a loss of status. General
1427:
819:
1195:
133:
reductions fell on the officer corps. They used to account for about one third of the total strength of the Armed Forces, this was to be reduced to 15 per cent.
575:(VVS) were to be reduced from 340 to 180. The number of air bases would be reduced from 245 to 52. The Air Force planned to eliminate the reduced, two-squadron
1209:
885:
1610:
1246:
1291:
1452:
1376:
1016:
1170:
655:
544:
1321:
651:
631:
621:
500:
1347:
1139:
842:
535:
858:
repairs but these most likely disappeared. Another issue was ammunition storage and ammunition dump explosions, such as the
1498:
841:
There were multiple samples of the mismanagement of funds under the General Staff. The most famous incident was with the
801:
When Serdyukov became Minister of Defence, Russia had 27,000 fortified settlements–military bases, that were in practice
556:
534:, 3 tank divisions, 16 motorised rifle divisions and 5 machine-gun artillery divisions, as well as two division-strength
1493:
1371:
1407:
1402:
109:
1477:
1432:
576:
400:
394:
1383:
967:
117:
991:
1555:
941:
1503:
1419:
1388:
1314:
1274:"Russian Military Reform as a Large-Scale Military Reform: Internal Balancing and State-Building (1991-2017)"
412:
889:
671:
and Zhukovskiy air force academies were merged into the new Zhukovskiy–Gagarin Air Force Academy in Monino.
1341:
1109:
1630:
711:, the Higher Special Officer Courses, five naval research institutes, three MOD research institutes, the
615:
539:
382:
1457:
1354:
1227:
827:
446:
418:
406:
822:
further since traditionally everything defence related was under the General Staff's control. General
1640:
1635:
1447:
1052:
777:
668:
476:
465:
431:
555:(separate), with several units retaining the "Guards" honorific. The only remaining division is the
82:
centralising officer training from 65 military schools into 10 'systemic' military training centres;
1625:
1588:
1307:
815:
388:
86:
1467:
1620:
1615:
785:
753:
737:
708:
595:
1549:
831:
826:'s dismissal from the General Staff, implementing reforms in 2008 and the promotion of General
724:
719:
700:
484:
232:
808:
1472:
1285:
789:
712:
527:
371:
1174:
587:
HQs were disbanded. The Air Bases receive their orders from the seven new Aviation Commands
995:
859:
765:
756:(RVSN) were to be reduced to eight missile divisions in place of twelve missile divisions.
580:
58:
1084:
8:
835:
531:
345:
1521:
1437:
196:
543:
rule, into two brigades. This process began in October 2008 with the splitting of the
1135:
741:
584:
572:
375:
250:
54:
22:
781:
696:
458:
435:
66:
46:
34:
1330:
1210:"Russia's "New Look" Military Reforms and Their Impact on Russian Foreign Policy"
823:
692:
454:
1574:
854:
684:
492:
121:
1604:
1394:
645:
635:
609:
605:
599:
560:
469:
450:
113:
1560:
809:
Bringing finances under control and reducing the power of the General Staff
802:
688:
680:
659:
625:
439:
303:
214:
513:
512:
Serdyukov's Defense Ministry will also be putting some soon-to-be-vacant
504:
1156:
480:
323:
268:
138:
101:
reorganising the reserves; reorganising the army into a brigade system;
818:. This strained already explosive relations between Serdyukov and the
495:
more autonomy was made and a fifth strategic command was established,
1462:
1196:"You Won't Believe How Close Russia Came to Nuclear Disaster in 2011"
104:
reorganising air forces into an air base system instead of regiments.
1273:
1299:
1529:
178:
159:
25:
is widely regarded as an ideologist of the 2008 military reform.
1247:"If New Looks could kill: Russia's military capability in 2022"
942:"Russia To Continue Military Conscription For Next 10-15 Years"
358:
76:
reducing the armed forces to a strength of one million by 2012;
108:
There had previously been several reform attempts such as the
850:
736:
Initially it was planned to change the four divisions of the
18:
136:
The enlisted men were to be reduced according to the table:
72:
Elements of the reforms announced in October 2008 included:
864:
507:), the Northern Fleet is the main component of the command.
784:(15 academies, four universities, 46 colleges – including
846:
886:"Reforming The Russian Military: Problems And Prospects"
95:
introducing more civilian logistics and auxiliary staff;
1157:"Vene armee, milleks? ‹ Ajaleht KesKus koduleht"
699:
are part of the Southern Military District, and the
1017:
Winners and Losers in Organizing New MDs and Armies
1278:Master's Thesis on International Strategic Studies
1228:"Russian army not fit for modern war: top general"
1171:"Diivanikaupmees seljatas kindrali – Diplomaatia"
1602:
992:"Russian Military Plans New NCO Training Center"
771:
691:are part of the Western Military District, the
57:, was a major structural reorganisation of the
715:in St. Petersburg, and the Naval Cadet Corps.
644:of the Joint Strategic Command Center (former
321:
284:
248:
212:
176:
69:in the Russian Army and to reduce it in size.
1315:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
654:of the Joint Strategic Command South (former
592:Operative-Strategic Aerospace Defence Command
1272:Dall', Augusto César (January 2019).
1271:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
863:artillery and there was also ammunition for
796:
634:of the Joint Strategic Command East (former
624:of the Joint Strategic Command West (former
1290:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1130:Åslund A., Guriev S. and Kuchins A. (2010)
1085:"Russian Navy to procure 100 ships by 2020"
1322:
1308:
1144:
1057:
747:
703:is part of the Eastern Military District.
545:2nd Guards Tamanskaya Motor Rifle Division
1022:
903:
98:elimination of cadre-strength formations;
92:reducing the size of the central command;
53:) after its originator, Defence Minister
849:, Ekaterinburg caught fire while in the
782:military institutions of higher learning
357:was established in December 2009 at the
17:
1611:21st-century military history of Russia
1132:Russia after the global economic crisis
150:
147:
144:
1603:
1074:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2011 p. 18-22
1043:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2010 p. 22–24
965:
931:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2009 p. 18-20
922:Moscow Defense Brief #4, 2008 p. 21-24
764:The number of units/formations of the
652:4th Air and Air Defence Forces Command
642:3rd Air and Air Defence Forces Command
632:2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command
622:1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command
501:Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command
1303:
843:Russian submarine Ekaterinburg (K-84)
768:(KV) were to be reduced from 7 to 6.
365:
127:
728:the Caspian Flotilla was disbanded.
1329:
845:. On 29 December 2011 around 12:20
557:18th Machine Gun Artillery Division
551:Almost all brigades are now called
39:2008 Реформа Вооружённых сил России
13:
1264:
1134:The Russia Balance Sheet Project.
1110:"Shurygin on the VDV's Discontent"
968:"Why Russia Keeps Losing Generals"
780:. Serdyukov announced that the 65
731:
491:In 2014, the decision to give the
14:
1652:
464:Joint Strategic Command Center –
1584:
1583:
1214:The International Affairs Review
1207:
814:staffed it with people from the
521:
499:Joint strategic Command North –
445:Joint Strategic Command South –
401:North Caucasus Military District
79:reducing the number of officers;
1188:
1163:
1124:
1102:
1077:
759:
475:Joint Strategic Command East –
430:Joint Strategic Command West –
140:
1453:Amendments to the Constitution
1046:
1009:
984:
959:
934:
925:
878:
618:Command (former 61st Air Army)
1:
1348:37th Prime Minister of Russia
1015:Russian Defence Policy blog,
966:Wright, Austin (2024-05-22).
871:
583:uses the same structure. All
566:
413:Far Eastern Military District
772:Reform of military education
526:Before the 2008 reform, the
395:Volga–Ural Military District
351:
300:
266:
230:
194:
157:
41:), often referred to as the
31:2008 Russian military reform
7:
1428:List of international trips
616:Military Transport Aviation
606:Long Range Aviation Command
571:The number of units in the
383:Leningrad Military District
10:
1657:
1556:2017–2018 Russian protests
1458:Skolkovo Innovation Center
1372:2008 presidential election
946:asian-defence.blogspot.com
828:Nikolay Yegorovich Makarov
447:Southern Military District
419:Kaliningrad Special Region
407:Siberian Military District
1569:
1541:
1514:
1486:
1418:
1364:
1337:
1053:Gagarin Air Force Academy
797:Closure of military towns
778:Soviet military academies
667:and radar regiments. The
477:Eastern Military District
466:Central Military District
432:Western Military District
142:Category of military men
141:
50:
38:
1589:Category:Dmitry Medvedev
1478:Anti-corruption campaign
816:Federal Taxation Service
389:Moscow Military District
374:were divided into seven
153:
85:creating a professional
1342:3rd President of Russia
1270:Dall'Agnol, Augusto C.
754:Strategic Rocket Forces
748:Strategic Rocket Forces
738:Russian Airborne Troops
674:
596:Special Purpose Command
442:and Kaliningrad region;
370:From 1992 to 2010, the
112:under defence minister
1550:He Is Not Dimon to You
1399:Legislative elections
851:floating drydock PD-50
832:salami slicing tactics
725:Russian Naval Infantry
519:
26:
1353:Vice Chairman of the
713:Nakhimov Naval School
528:Russian Ground Forces
510:
372:Russian Ground Forces
21:
1438:War in South Ossetia
1365:Political activities
996:Jamestown Foundation
860:Severomorsk Disaster
766:Russian Space Forces
581:Belarusian Air Force
61:that began in 2009.
59:Russian Armed Forces
1198:. 27 February 2018.
836:Soviet Armed Forces
346:Russo-Ukrainian War
1631:Military of Russia
1575:← Vladimir Putin →
1522:Svetlana Medvedeva
577:aviation regiments
421:. (formed in 1997)
376:military districts
366:Military districts
197:Lieutenant colonel
145:September 1, 2008
128:Personnel strength
27:
1598:
1597:
1468:Time zones reform
1448:2008–09 recession
1140:978-0-88132-497-6
742:Vladimir Shamanov
585:Aviation Division
573:Russian Air Force
483:), including the
453:), including the
438:), including the
341:
340:
286:Officers in total
251:Senior lieutenant
151:Planned for 2012
148:December 1, 2009
55:Anatoly Serdyukov
51:Реформа Сердюкова
23:Anatoly Serdyukov
1648:
1641:Reform in Russia
1636:Military reforms
1587:
1586:
1534:
1526:
1355:Security Council
1324:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1173:. Archived from
1167:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1142:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1020:
1019:, 25 August 2010
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
901:
900:
898:
897:
888:. Archived from
882:
697:Caspian Flotilla
459:Caspian Flotilla
436:Saint Petersburg
139:
67:chain of command
52:
43:Serdyukov reform
40:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1626:Dmitry Medvedev
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1565:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1510:
1482:
1443:Military reform
1414:
1360:
1333:
1331:Dmitry Medvedev
1328:
1283:
1282:
1267:
1265:Further reading
1255:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
990:
989:
985:
976:
974:
964:
960:
950:
948:
940:
939:
935:
930:
926:
921:
904:
895:
893:
884:
883:
879:
874:
824:Yuri Baluyevsky
811:
799:
774:
762:
750:
734:
732:Airborne Troops
693:Black Sea Fleet
677:
569:
524:
455:Black Sea Fleet
368:
354:
130:
12:
11:
5:
1654:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1621:2009 in Russia
1618:
1616:2008 in Russia
1613:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1504:Pension reform
1499:Second Cabinet
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1393:Leadership of
1391:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1243:
1224:
1208:Kyle, Joseph.
1202:
1201:
1187:
1162:
1143:
1123:
1112:. Nov 12, 2010
1101:
1076:
1056:
1045:
1021:
1008:
983:
972:Foreign Policy
958:
933:
924:
902:
876:
875:
873:
870:
855:Dmitry Rogozin
810:
807:
798:
795:
773:
770:
761:
758:
749:
746:
733:
730:
720:Naval Aviation
679:The number of
676:
673:
664:
663:
660:5th Air Armies
649:
639:
629:
619:
613:
603:
568:
565:
536:military bases
523:
520:
509:
508:
493:Northern Fleet
489:
488:
473:
462:
443:
423:
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
386:
367:
364:
353:
350:
339:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
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313:
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283:
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265:
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258:
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247:
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114:Igor Sergeyev
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1561:Tandemocracy
1548:
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1442:
1384:Inauguration
1286:cite journal
1277:
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1250:
1236:. Retrieved
1234:. 2008-12-16
1231:
1217:. Retrieved
1213:
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1175:the original
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890:the original
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760:Space Forces
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525:
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304:Praporshchik
302:
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1487:Premiership
1350:(2012–2020)
1344:(2008–2012)
1089:rusnavy.com
514:real estate
505:Severomorsk
154:Difference
1605:Categories
1420:Presidency
1389:Presidency
1256:2022-06-04
1238:2022-06-04
1219:2022-06-04
1181:2020-06-19
977:2024-05-17
896:2011-08-12
872:References
567:Air Forces
481:Khabarovsk
324:Midshipman
269:Lieutenant
1463:New START
553:otdelnaya
532:divisions
352:NCO corps
110:1997 plan
1542:See also
1525:(spouse)
1377:campaign
790:Nakhimov
685:Northern
608:(former
594:(former
116:and the
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1357:(2020–)
1296:(2019).
1232:Reuters
1116:Aug 15,
1094:Aug 15,
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951:Aug 15,
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723:of the
669:Gagarin
559:on the
540:Armenia
503:(HQ in
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289:365,000
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179:Colonel
160:General
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359:Ryazan
337:−100%
328:50,000
318:−100%
309:90,000
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237:90,000
224:30,000
219:99,550
201:19,300
183:15,365
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297:−61%
281:+30%
263:+17%
245:−56%
227:−70%
215:Major
209:−61%
206:7,500
191:−80%
188:3,114
173:−22%
164:1,107
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1403:2016
1292:link
1251:IISS
1136:ISBN
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1096:2022
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865:T-34
788:and
752:The
718:The
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