2011 England riots

13437: 296: 393: 1725: 273:) faced what was described by the media as "copycat violence", with social media playing a role. By 10 August, more than 3,000 arrests had been made across England, with at least 1,984 people facing criminal charges for various offences related to the riots. Initially, courts sat for extended hours. A total of 3,443 crimes across London were linked to the disorder. Along with the five deaths, at least 16 others were injured as a direct result of related violent acts. An estimated £200 million worth of property damage was incurred, and local economic activity – which in many cases was already struggling due to the 856: 13429: 1183: 42: 1561: 698: 2305:, stated that there is "an overwhelming obligation on sentencing courts to do what they can to ensure the protection of the public", that "the imposition of severe sentences, intended to provide both punishment and deterrence, must follow" and that "hose who deliberately participate in disturbances of this magnitude, causing injury and damage and fear to even the most stout-hearted of citizens, and who individually commit further crimes during the course of the riots are committing aggravated crimes". The appeals were dismissed. 771: 867: 488: 2822:, described the riots in part as "an outburst of outrageous behaviour by the criminal classes". He drew attention to the statistic that almost three-quarters of the adults who had been charged with offences related to the disorder already had a criminal record. Clarke characterised this as the legacy of "a broken penal system", one that did not have a good record for preventing reoffending. He said he was proposing radical new measures intended to focus on robust punishment and on delivering reductions in reoffending. 461: 2410: 1736: 409: 2845:, Elster explores the subjective accounts of a group of eighteen 15- to 25-year-olds from Tottenham. This study shows that the media portrayals of the communities associated with the riots were unrecognisable to those actually living in these communities. Its findings also indicate a consensus among the research participants, who were all from the "riot-hit areas", that the UK general public perceive them, and the wider communities in which they live, through media's "riot discourse". 628: 2871: 378:". The crowd stayed in front of the police station hours longer than they originally planned because they were not satisfied with the seniority of the officers available at the time. Rumours that a 16-year-old girl had sustained injuries after attacking police with a champagne bottle began circulating on social media. To date, the girl remains unidentified and the report unconfirmed. However, the rumour alone was sufficient to further fuel tensions in the area. 541: 1138: 2188:, specialist investigators from the Public Order Branch, and police support staff. Detective Superintendent Robin Bhairam, took over the post event investigation, where officers were drawn from all over the MPS, from different business groups, and placed into 10 Investigation Hubs across London. The Deputy Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, Steve Kavanagh, stated that the number of officers deployed tripled between 6 and 7 August. 517: 425: 2857: 1388: 1379: 1370: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1334: 1325: 1316: 1307: 1298: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1262: 1253: 1244: 1235: 1226: 1217: 2690:, removing of funding for courses where the student already has an equal or lower level qualification and trebling of university tuition fees, combined with high youth unemployment has placed the British youth "between a rock and a hard place" alienating and angering the youth population. Proponents of this argument say that Scottish youth did not riot partly because Scottish students do not have to pay tuition fees. 2500:] to water cannon to disperse rioters", 90% agreed that "There is no excuse whatsoever for the violent rioting and looting over the last few days", 61% agreed that "Government ministers failed to return to their desks quickly enough from holidays" and 50% agreed that "The Government's response to the economic crisis (e.g. cuts to services, unemployment, reduced education funding) is helping fuel the rioters". 901:, was destroyed by fire. Initially, because millions of items of stock were lost, including most of PIAS's inventory, it was thought that long-term damage to the British independent music industry might result. On 18 August 2011, PIAS confirmed that their operations were back to normal. On 11 August 2011, London police reported that they had arrested three teenagers in connection with the warehouse fire. 1208: 1199: 1190: 669:, on 8 August. His family denied reports that Ellis, who had come from the Brixton area to Croydon with a group of friends, had been involved in looting. 13 people were arrested in connection with the murder. All were later bailed and then released without action. On 16 December, the eve of Ellis's birthday, detectives opened up a fresh appeal into the murder, asking for witnesses to come forward. 2167: 2838:, examined the relationship between mainstream media and communities affected by the riots. It criticised the portrayal of young people in the media coverage, particularly young black people who were disproportionately singled out as being involved. It also criticised the press in spreading misinformation from unreliable sources and in particular disinformation emanating from the police. 1441:, the Home Secretary, had said that the deployment of water cannon by police forces on the British mainland was an operational decision which had been "resisted until now by senior police officers". On 9 August 2011, May rejected their use and said: "The way we police in Britain is not through use of water cannon. The way we police in Britain is through consent of communities." 1825: 2261:

courts for handing out tough sentences, while some Liberal Democrat MPs and civil rights groups criticised some sentences being handed down. Groups of lawyers complained that Crown Prosecutors were opposing bail in more cases than usual. Empirical evidence suggests tougher sentencing reduced riot-related offences, but that non-riot offences increased.

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watch and jeer at police." CIFW responded by condemning the newspaper saying, "A 1,800 Guardian report doesn't mention the race, ethnicity, or religion of the rioters, somehow found it pertinent to note that some of those who gathered to jeer police were, allegedly, Hasidic Jews." As a result of the negative publicity,

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At a recent meeting with Mayor Johnson I wish he had taken up my offer to come with me to Clarence Rd in Hackney, one of the worst affected areas in the Borough, for a street-reclaiming tea party that had been organised by the rector of Hackney, Fr Rob Wickham and the local community. He also would

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Researchers who study the causes of political instability suggest that the critical common factor is the density of youths. A nation's extent of political unrest, i.e. its vulnerability to riot, war or regime change, is directly associated with the percentage of 15- to 24-year-olds in its population.

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asking what those surveyed believed to be the main cause of the riots. In it, 42% of those polled thought "criminal behaviour" to be the main cause, whilst 26% thought "gang culture" was, 8% thought "government cuts" were, 5% thought "unemployment" was, 5% thought "racial tensions" was and 3% thought

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suggested that race relations in Britain deteriorated in the period following the riots and that prejudice towards ethnic minorities increased. After the hit-and-run incident in Birmingham, in which three Asian men were killed by a black driver, racial tensions between blacks and Asians in Birmingham

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residents who were not involved in the rioting. The content of his report stated, "The make-up of the rioters was racially mixed. Most were men or boys, some apparently as young as 10....But families and other local residents, including some from Tottenham's Hasidic Jewish community, also gathered to

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called on the public to back the police: "... Britain's 2011 riots have become a defining contest between disorder and order. In that contest, important caveats notwithstanding, there is only one right side to be on. The attacks, the destruction, the criminality and the reign of fear must be stopped.

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student Ashraf Haziq was beaten and then robbed twice by looters emptying his rucksack. Footage of the second mugging, which appears to show the second set of muggers pretend to help him then proceed to ransack his rucksack, was uploaded onto YouTube. He suffered a broken jaw, requiring surgery. On 2

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and a jury, Lavinia Desuze was convicted of perverting the course of justice after she destroyed the clothing her son wore on the day of Bowes' death. On 17 April 2012, Mr Justice Saunders sentenced Darrell Desuze to detention for a term of eight years, and Lavinia Desuze to imprisonment for eighteen

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The existence of social media made the 2011 riots unparalleled to any before them in terms of the speed at which issues managed to spread and at which rioters were able to mobilise and organise. Many used sites such as Facebook and Twitter to promote and advertise sites for looting and disorder. As a

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It was reported in mid-August that some courts were advised by senior justice clerks to deal harshly with offences committed during the disturbances. The advice was said to tell the courts that they could ignore existing sentencing guidelines and hand down heavy sentences. David Cameron defended the

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to use against looters, but that none were fired. Metropolitan Police deputy assistant commissioner Stephen Kavanagh confirmed that police in London were considering using baton rounds against rioters, not previously used by mainland police in public order operations (though they were first approved

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and mobile phone were stolen. In September 2011, an accusation of robbery was made against 24-year-old Reece Donovan. The same month, a 17-year-old, Beau Isagba, was accused and in February 2012 convicted of breaking the victim's jaw with an unprovoked punch. In February 2012, John Kafunda and Reece

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Three men killed in a hit-and-run incident in Birmingham, Haroon Jahan, Shazad Ali, and Abdul Musavir Tariq, were described as heroes for dying while attempting to defend their neighbourhood. Tariq Jahan, the father of 21-year-old victim Haroon, gave a speech appealing for calm, social unity and an

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In the evening of Monday 8 August, many areas of London were affected by widespread looting, arson and violence. There were significant outbreaks in parts of Battersea, Brixton, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, East Ham, Hackney, Harrow, Lewisham, Peckham, Stratford, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest,

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The peaceful march on the morning of Saturday 6 August in Tottenham was followed by rioting and looting, first in Tottenham and later in Tottenham Hale Retail Park. Rioting occurred shortly after about 120 people marched from the Broadwater Farm estate to Tottenham Police Station via the High Road.

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Vehicles, homes and shops were attacked and set alight. At least 100 families are thought to have been made homeless by arson and looting. Shopkeepers estimated the damages in their Tottenham Hale and Tottenham branches at several million pounds. The riots caused the irretrievable loss of heritage

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and reportedly filmed on mobile phones by associates of the alleged assailant. The attack on Bowes was witnessed by several police officers, but due to the number of rioters they were unable to come to his aid until riot squad officers pushed back the rioters while being attacked to reach Bowes. A

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and finishing at Tottenham police station. The protest was organised by friends and relatives of Duggan to "demand justice" for the family. The group of some 300 people demanded that a senior local police officer come out to speak to them. When Chief Inspector Ade Adelekan arrived, he was met with

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During the riots, Twitter accounted for four out of every 170 UK Internet visits on Monday 8 August. In addition, citizens also used Twitter to band together, after the destruction with hashtags including "#riotcleanup". Evidence shows that people were tweeting and re-tweeting news related to the

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had similar maps that progressively tracked the damage in the streets as well. The Guardian created both a map and a dataset of events of the riots News channels also were able to utilise this public service to capture live footage on the streets and inform citizens of dangerous or crowded areas.

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providing demographic statistics of the people charged over participation the riots up to 1 February 2012 which revealed that 41% of those brought before the courts identified themselves as being from the White group, 39% from the black ethnic group, 12% from the Mixed ethnic group, 6% the Asian

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Some commentators remarked on the apparently high proportion of black people involved in the riots and took the view that there was a disproportionately high number of rioters who were black, compared to the overall demographics of the United Kingdom. As the Ministry of Justice has admitted "the

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Tens of thousands of users of social networking sites coordinated clean-up operations of their local shopping areas and streets. Some of these groups began being referred to as 'riot wombles', taking up brooms and other tools to clear streets of debris and wreckage, a term that was later used by

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s editorial said: "What we have experienced in London and elsewhere since Saturday night is a wholly new phenomenon: violent disorder whose sole intent is criminal... In such circumstances, there can be only one response if the law-abiding majority is to be protected: the thugs must be taught to

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MP has said that Tottenham has the highest unemployment rate in London and the eighth highest in the United Kingdom. The number of people chasing every one job vacancy in Haringey has been put at 23 and 54 in separate reports, and fears had spread of disorder after youth club closures in recent

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in Libya, called on Cameron to resign over the riots, stating that "Cameron has lost all legitimacy and must go", he also called for an international intervention in the UK against Cameron and accused Cameron of using Irish and Scottish mercenaries against rioters, mocking Cameron's comments on

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She is equally so about historian David Starkey's controversial claim that hip-hop culture and in particular a "particular sort of violent, destructive, nihilistic gangster culture" was to blame for the riots. 'What do you I think of that?' she says. 'Well, in the Queen's English: balderdash.

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Reading the Riots Survey concluded: "Although rioters expressed a mix of opinions about the disorder, many of those involved said they felt like they were participating in explicitly anti-police riots. They cited "policing" as the most significant cause of the riots, and anger over the police

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A woman who had not taken part in the riots received five months for receiving a pair of stolen shorts. The sentence was later reduced on appeal. Greater Manchester Police used Twitter to celebrate the five-month sentence; they later apologised and removed the tweet. A teenager was freed when

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in Tottenham, about 400 metres from where the Mark Duggan protest took place, on 5 January 2012, and was due to run until 15 January. The piece included community leaders Stafford Scott and Martin Sylvester Brown, police constables on duty that night and a former resident of the Carpet-Right

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blamed black gangster culture, saying that it had influenced youths of all races. The BBC received nearly 700 complaints about his statement that the "whites have become black". Cottrell-Boyce, writing in the Youth Justice journal, argued that gangs were constructed as a "suitable enemy" by

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links the riots to a lack of male role models and argues that "Like the overwhelming majority of youth offenders behind bars, these gang members have one thing in common: no father at home." This has been linked further with England's having the "worst record in family breakdown in Europe".

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said that looters are not politically motivated and called the riots "recreational violence". A Manchester rioter said to a BBC correspondent: "Every time I go into town I just think how the shops got smashed up in 2011 by all of us, I just laugh about it every time I go back in now."

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May said: "I condemn utterly the violence in Tottenham... Such disregard for public safety and property will not be tolerated, and the Metropolitan Police have my full support in restoring order." She returned to the UK from holiday early to meet senior police officials on 8 August.

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Much like BBM, activity on social media shaped the London riots. During the Tottenham riots of 1985, citizens had to head into a public place to voice their message. Yet, with access to Twitter as a communication medium, social media was used to rapidly spread messages of the riots.

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cameras to monitor crime and large events, reports indicate that citizen footage contributed more to capturing looters in action than the police force. Beyond the CCTV, looters were filmed and photographed with their faces visible. Police forces and investigators used websites like

2316:) increased the sentence imposed by the Inner London Crown Court on Adam Ahmadzai from four years detention to seven years detention for offences of violent disorder, robbery, burglary and criminal damage committed during the riots on 8 August 2011, following a reference from 951:

Four London buses were set on fire during the riots (two of which were completely destroyed, one suffered serious damage but was subsequently repaired, and one suffered less serious damage and was also repaired) and other buses suffered broken windows and other minor damage.

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Significant debate was generated among political, social, and academic figures about the causes and context of the riots. Attributions for the rioters' behaviour included social factors such as racial tension, class tension, economic decline and its consequent unemployment.

2056:, with as many as 200 to 300 Sikhs from different age groups gathered in various Gurudwaras across Southall to safeguard their places of worship from rioters, some armed with swords and hockey sticks. The Sikhs drew praise from Prime Minister David Cameron for this action. 2220:, the costs to the Metropolitan Police of policing the disorder and disturbances in London were expected to exceed £34 million. This would have been more than their total bill for the policing of all major public disorder events in the year from April 2010 to March 2011. 2581:

stated that the riots were symptomatic of a "wider malaise" including worklessness, illiteracy, and drug abuse but also stated that "Everybody, no matter what their background or circumstances, has the freedom to choose between right and wrong". Former Prime Minister

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appealed for calm, saying that "true justice can only follow a thorough investigation of the facts" and that Tottenham had had its "heart ripped out" by the riots. He said that rioters were not representative of the local community as a whole and insisted that the

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said: "I think this is about sheer criminality. That is what we have seen on the streets. The violence we've seen, the looting we've seen, the thuggery we've seen – this is sheer criminality, and let's make no bones about it." Paul Hobbs, London correspondent for

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The UN children's fund said official figures showing that 45% of all under 18s detained on charges of rioting and looting had no previous criminal history were "very worrying", and represented a possible breach of the 1989 UN convention on the rights of a

1445:, the former London mayor, said "The issue of water cannon would be very useful given the level of arson we are seeing here." Scotland Yard said officers did not have any water cannon and if their use was approved they would have to be brought over from 528:(BBM) service was used by looters to organise their activities, and that inflammatory and inaccurate accounts of Mark Duggan's killing on social media sites may have incited disturbances. One of the many messages shared between users was the following: 1852:

increased significantly overnight. Deputy Assistant Commissioner Stephen Kavanagh stated: "We are already seeing a community kickback. People are angry. This is their neighbourhoods that are at stake." Political commentator and foreign affairs analyst

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The spread of news and rumours about the previous evening's disturbances in Tottenham sparked riots during the night of Sunday 7 August in the London districts of Brixton, Enfield, Islington and Wood Green and in Oxford Circus in the centre of London.

5758: 1667:"looks to have been poor", and that there is "context of mistrust of the police here". The paper added that "it is spurious to draw a connection between that disaffection and specific outbreaks of violence of the sort we have seen in recent days." 2142:, 94% of rioters in court were white, compared to an 88% white population, and 6% of rioters were black, compared to a 2% black population. Additionally, looters from 44 foreign countries were jailed, with Jamaicans representing the largest group. 349:

At lunchtime on 6 August, a meeting was called by police between local community leaders, councillors and members of police advisory groups. In this meeting, police were warned several times that there could possibly be another riot similar to the

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Rioters themselves cited exclusion as a reason for their actions. One person, asked by a journalist if rioting was really the best way to accomplish their objectives, responded: "Yes, because if we weren't rioting, you wouldn't be talking to us."

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Following a greatly increased police presence, London was quiet on Tuesday 9 August, but rioting continued in Nottingham and Birmingham (where, according to the police account, 11 shots were fired at police, including at a police helicopter, and

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Similar riots were reported outside London – most notably in Birmingham, Manchester, Nottingham, Wolverhampton, Liverpool and Bristol. There were reports of unrest on a smaller scale in other parts of the country, including Gillingham and Derby.

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during a speech on the aftermath of the riots on 15 August 2011. Social media sites Twitter and Facebook were also used for reporting information on the riots and to co-ordinate a voluntary citizens' operation to clear up riot-hit areas. In

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Following the shooting, the media widely reported that a bullet was found embedded in a police radio, implying that Duggan fired on the police. Friends and relatives of Duggan said that he was unarmed. The police later revealed that initial

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On 13 August, the IPCC stated that Duggan did not open fire: "It seems possible that we may have verbally led journalists to believe that shots were exchanged." The bullet that had lodged in an officer's radio is believed to have been an

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end to the violence, hours after his son's death. Jahan was hailed as a hero and a patriot for helping to ease tensions in Birmingham; his influence was acknowledged by politicians and the national press, receiving an award at the 2011

757:, Darrel Desuze pleaded guilty to manslaughter, after previously pleading guilty to burglary and violent disorder. The following day the Crown withdrew the murder charge against him. After a trial at the Inner London Crown Court before 2273:

figures showed that of the 1,566 people that had appeared before magistrates on charges connected with the disorder, 1,027 had been in London, 190 in Greater Manchester, 132 in the West Midlands, 67 in Merseyside and 64 in Nottingham.

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condemned the "terrible scenes of people looting, vandalising, thieving, robbing" and told rioters "You will feel the full force of the law. And if you are old enough to commit these crimes, you are old enough to face the punishment."

9732: 8381: 8454: 1680:, in which he blamed the "sense of entitlement" that he sees as being common among Britain's youth as a cause for the riots, and said that British youth are today among "the most unpleasant and violent in the world" as a result. 6919: 4366: 502:

website that showed satellite views of what was happening in the streets during the rioting. James Cridland, the managing director of the free media resources, created a Google Map that tracked verified locations of rioting.

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The causes of the 2011 England riots both immediate and long-term have been the subject of media and academic debate. Several speculations have emerged as to what the likely contributory factors might be for the riots; from

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have also been cited as a cause. Ken Livingstone, the Labour Candidate for Mayor of London in 2012 has argued that "The economic stagnation and cuts being imposed by the Tory government inevitably create social division."

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after a report that one was attacked in Birmingham. On the night of 9–10 August 2011, following violence, arson and rioting in London, members of the Sikh community in Southall volunteered to stand guard at various city

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By 15 August 2011 around 3,100 people had been arrested, of whom over 1,100 had appeared in court. On 25 August the BBC reported that more than 2,000 people had been arrested in connection with the disorder in London.

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The city councils of Manchester and Salford were reported to be investigating their powers for ways of evicting tenants if they, or their children, have been involved in violence or looting in their cities. The

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Increased connectivity among individuals led to a greater ability to organise and execute massive gatherings. This not only occurred during the riots in England, but with other collective gatherings such as the

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These disturbances began on 6 August following the police shooting of Mark Duggan, a black resident of Tottenham, North London. Over the following days, they spread within London and to other English cities....

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members. It was reported that 50 EDL members joined forces with locals to patrol the streets. That same day, a senior police officer said that some vigilante groups were hampering police operations in London.

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months. One report about a citizen's inquiry conducted in the aftermath of the violence noted that in Tottenham there were about 10,000 unemployed residents and only 367 job vacancies when the riots broke.

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noted that 'another sound could be heard above the mêlée, that of laughter. Above the bark of police dogs, and behind the masked and hooded faces of the throng, were smiles, laughter, and shrieks of joy.'

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described Jahan as eloquent and inspiring, and said "His selfless intervention contrasted with the rapacious self-interest of the looters, and was a timely reminder of the obligations of community."

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director David Green attributed the reluctance by police to use force to a fear of disciplinary action. He said that "officers in charge of a riot think it safer to wait for orders from the top".

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They argue that communities with more than 20% of individuals in this age group run the greatest risk of more frequent and more intense political instability. They describe the phenomena as the "

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Rioting has again erupted on the streets of Tottenham almost 26 years after the Broadwater Farm riot. But what lies beneath the latest violent outburst in this chequered corner of north London?

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also reported: "Tottenham riots: police let gangs run riot and loot: Britain's biggest police force is facing criticism after it let looters run riot in north London for almost 12 hours..."

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A 15-year-old was accused in August 2011 of raping a 13-year-old girl while the riots were taking place. The prosecution described the incident as being geographically "close" to the riots.

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reported that an analysis showed that 48,000 local businesses – shops, restaurants, pubs and clubs – had suffered financial losses as a result of the looting and rioting in English streets.

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described Twitter as being an outlet for promoting gang violence. Evidence shows that Twitter is powerful because tweets of individuals were inspired by news content. However, an article in

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said that he thought that speedy prosecutions were more effective as a deterrent than long sentences. Some lawyers involved in the prosecutions criticised what they referred to as "chaos".

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criticised "unprecedented" criminality. On 10 August, he warned: "Hundreds and hundreds of people, we have your image, we have your face, we have your acts of wanton criminality on film."

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The Association of British Insurers said that they expected the industry to pay out in excess of £200 million. Estimated losses in London were indicated to be in the region of £100m.

11579: 10493: 3728: 8210: 7546: 7293: 1408:, the Conservative MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip said: "It's a small minority of people causing the trouble. The events in Ealing brought it home, it's just down the Uxbridge Road." 13410: 9805: 5573: 12348: 3750: 8321: 7966: 4909: 4356: 717:

line of officers then held back the rioters as paramedics arrived. Bowes' wallet and phone had been stolen, and police faced difficulty in identifying him. He died of his injuries at

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Wandsworth, Woolwich, and Wood Green. A man was found shot in Croydon and died later in hospital. Another man who had been assaulted in Ealing died in hospital on Thursday 11 August.

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added: "The rioting in Tottenham last night was utterly unacceptable. There is no justification for the aggression the police and the public faced, or for the damage to property."

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Mr Johnson presented with a Team London Award at the annual Peace Awards ceremony at City Hall, where he also thanked other "unsung heroes" of the recent disorder in the capital.

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Pigswill. What's been going on has no link to hip-hop. Instead of guessing in his suit and tie he should put a pair of jeans on and get out there and walk around with the people.'

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The BBC reported that the Chief Constable of West Midlands Police had stated that he thought that the motivation for rioters targeting the city centre was not anger, but greed.

2494:, in which the question was "do you agree or disagree with these statements about the recent riots?", 90% of those polled agreed that the "Police should be allowed use [ 11289: 7519: 5705: 5440: 178:, a local black man who was shot dead by police on 4 August. Several violent clashes with police followed Duggan's death, along with the destruction of police vehicles, a 13377: 7211: 7180: 5463: 2777:

suggested that moral decay is just as bad at the top of society as it is at the bottom, with the rich and powerful generating anger among the British population. He cited the

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The Ministry of Justice report also noted that rioters brought before the courts were disproportionately male (89%) and young (53% were aged 20 or under, with the number of "

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at 4 o clock sharp!!!!," it began. "Start leaving ur yards n linking up with your niggas. Fuck da feds, bring your ballys and your bags trollys, cars vans, hammers the lot!!"

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Three men were killed in Birmingham in a hit-and-run incident related to the disturbances. Looting and violence continued in two locations around Manchester and Liverpool.

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In a public speech on 15 August, David Cameron blamed a "broken society" in "moral collapse" – broad societal change themes common to his party's election campaign theme

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assigned 450 detectives to hunt for rioters and looters. The list of photographed looters was made available on their website. Assistant Chief Constable Garry Shewan of

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In London, between Monday afternoon and the early hours of Tuesday, 14 people were injured by rioters. These included a 75-year-old woman who suffered a broken hip in

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A petition was submitted to the UK government proposing that any convicted rioters have their benefit payments cut. This petition was signed by over 200,000 people.

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The ethnic makeup of the rioters varied in different cities: 76% of those arrested in Manchester were white, while 29% were white and 39% black in London, and the

1474:, who cut short a holiday in Canada to return to the UK on 9 August, said: "I'm appalled at the scenes of violence and destruction in Tottenham" whilst his deputy 1015:

were all postponed, as they were all situated within a short distance of areas which had seen some of the worst disturbances. There was also uncertainty as to the

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In 2012, the Syrian Ambassador to the UN, Bashar Jaafari compared the situation and government response of the Syrian uprising to that of the 2011 England riots.

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On 4 August 2011, a police officer shot dead 29-year-old Mark Duggan during an intelligence-led, targeted vehicle stop procedure on the Ferry Lane bridge next to

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According to BBC News, a total of 2,584 businesses were attacked and looted, 231 homes were targeted by burglars and vandals, 664 people were robbed or injured.

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There was plenty of breast-beating back then too, and Thatcher came up with prescriptions remarkably similar to the ones that Cameron has lately been offering.

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group of people brought before the courts is only a subset of all people who took part in the public disorder". In February 2012 a report was published by the

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concluded that the major contributory factors were opportunism, perceived social injustice, deprivation, and frustration at the way communities were policed.

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while attempting to protect their neighbourhood from rioters and looters. On 19 April 2012, eight men, each indicted on three counts of murder, were tried at

11587: 10141: 9954: 5263: 5143: 2457:, called for a public inquiry into the wider causes of the riots and has stated that his party would set up such an inquiry if the coalition fails to do so. 472:

Throughout the rioting, many of the rioters failed to cover their faces. Some posed for pictures with stolen goods, posting them on social-networking sites.

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The Metropolitan Police launched Operation Withern, an investigation into the events leading up to and during the riots. The operation was initially led by

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was accused of anti-Semitic incitement by the media monitoring organisation, Comment Is Free Watch (CiFW), after Guardian journalist Paul Lewis singled out

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Bell, Brian, Laura Jaitman, and Stephen Machin. "Crime deterrence: Evidence from the London 2011 riots." The Economic Journal 124, no. 576 (2014): 480–506.

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and many homes and businesses; which rapidly gained the attention of the media. Overnight, looting took place in Tottenham Hale retail park and in nearby

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carrying a stolen box of Adidas trainers, preceded by two men in suits carrying piles of cash, one saying "MP's Expenses" and another "Banker's Bonus".

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to find galleries of the looters to help solve and prevent cases of vandalism and further damage. Facebook pages were also created to identify looters.

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On 8 January 2014, a coroner’s jury concluded that Duggan was lawfully killed. The verdict of lawful killing was upheld by the Court of Appeal in 2017.

13342: 9754: 8874: 7874: 6490: 5855: 4656: 1777:. Pearce was hailed as a heroine for helping to ease tensions in Hackney; her influence was acknowledged by politicians and the national press. MP for 1526:

also stated on its website: "We shall seek the eviction of anyone living in council property if they are found to have been engaged in criminal acts."

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and criminal opportunism. The House of Commons Home Affairs select committee began examining the police response to the riots in late 2011. The then

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prosecutors found evidence he had been wrongly charged with arson. While in prison, his own flat was burned down. The detaining of under-18s without

1591:, was murdered. The disturbances were preceded by calls for better oversight of the Metropolitan Police, repeating observations which go back to the 12883: 11494: 8912: 8750: 2516:

The riots in Tottenham after the death of Mark Duggan were initially blamed on poor relations between the police and the black community. Professor

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of Scotland was set up in the summer of 2011. The reaction caused a public outcry in Scotland and eventually Westminster offered an apology to

338:, converted to fire live ammunition, was recovered from the scene. It was wrapped in a sock, and there was no evidence that it had been fired. 5625: 5565: 3999: 13977: 13288: 12893: 10919: 10794: 8233: 7974: 2290: 1687:. In both cases, the unrest started with the death of a young person during a confrontation with the police. In fact, a television report by 8313: 4901: 11415: 10561: 9052: 7624: 4738: 1182: 9360:

There were no riots in English cities such as Sheffield and Newcastle, and the streets of Welsh and Scottish cities remained equally calm.

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A burnt-out building being doused with water. Built by the London Co-operative Society in 1930 as "Union Point", the building included a

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A 68-year-old man, Richard Mannington Bowes, died on 11 August after he was attacked while attempting to stamp out a litter-bin fire in

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on 18 August 2011. His 31-year-old mother, Lavinia Desuze, was charged with perverting the course of justice. On 12 March 2012 at the

13320: 13125: 10331: 7787: 7511: 7203: 5448: 2450: 1396: 746: 11811: 11285: 8503: 7176: 2138:, the figures revealed that 55% of defendants in court over riot-related charges were black, compared to a 17% Black population; in 13241: 13214: 10351: 9670: 6889: 5230: 3608: 2786: 1123: 308: 10748: 8675: 7153: 7045: 5172: 3969: 3540: 3339: 13204: 13194: 13047: 2294: 1755:(which have been used in Northern Ireland), the use of which has long been resisted by senior police commanders and politicians. 615:

prioritised police requests for information about the phones that were used to plan the riots that hit British cities. Under the

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Chebib, Nadine Kassem; Sohail, Rabia Minatullah (2011). "The reasons social media contributed to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution".

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increased; hostilities were defused by the public appeals for an end to violence by Tariq Jahan, father of one of the victims.

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Many people called for the government to urge the police to deploy anti-riot methods often used outside Great Britain, such as

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There has been much speculation about the causes and meanings of the riots that swept through English cities in August 2011...

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The rule of law in the cities of Britain must not only be defended against delinquent destruction. It must also be enforced."

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Floral tributes at the site of the fatal assault of Richard Mannington Bowes. The flowers at the top spell out the word "why".

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shooting of Mark Duggan, which triggered initial disturbances in Tottenham, was repeatedly mentioned – even outside London."

2340: 836: 312: 11876: 9613: 8857: 7470: 7241: 7071: 6223: 5366: 13574: 13530: 13403: 13120: 13067: 11664: 11641: 6524: 6386: 6001: 5759:"UK Insurance Industry welcomes Prime Minister's Compensation Scheme announcement and pledges help to make the scheme work" 3782: 3495: 2313: 2270: 2134:; however the figures revealed varying demographics in different areas when compared to local populations. For example, in 2126: 449:

in the north-west of England. On 10 August, London remained quiet while hundreds of arrests were being made by the police.

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statistics from June 2012: 89% are listed as male, 53% were twenty or under, and ethnic statistics are given for each area

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was partly to blame for the riots. In September 2011, she was awarded the Team London Award at the annual Peace Awards by

13586: 13580: 13543: 13372: 12219: 11548: 11407: 4543: 4510: 4334: 2950: 2131: 1423: 12248: 11464: 9977: 9919: 9396: 8829: 4451: 2508:", where the "bulge" refers to the fattening of the population pyramid just before the base of the youngest age groups. 2343:. By August 2012, 1,292 rioters had been handed custodial sentences totalling 1,800 years at 16.8 months on an average. 13554: 13524: 13160: 12918: 11376: 9557: 8071: 7716: 7431: 6705: 6669: 4579: 2185: 1161:

service, used by some of the rioters to co-ordinate their activities, to be "temporarily disabled" between 6pm and 6am

1100: 1046: 972: 387: 11786: 11153: 11092: 10038: 8382:"Nile Gardineer, "If British shopkeepers had the right to bear arms, vicious thugs would think twice before looting", 12423: 12206: 11061: 10423: 8619: 8567: 7997: 6602: 6023: 5018: 4772: 4610: 4221: 2531:, the MP for Tottenham, the "cracks that already existed between the police and the community became deep fissures". 1873:

said of him: "Uncomplaining, in control of his emotions, Tariq Jahan reminds us of what it means to be British." The

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In a strongly worded criticism of what he deems to be a misplaced "hyper-sensitivity about race", dating back to the

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games due to be played on 9 and 10 August were postponed after requests from police due to the riots. The games at

825: 794: 681:, Birmingham, three men – Haroon Jahan, 21, and brothers Shahzad Ali, 30, and Abdul Musavir, 31 – were killed in a 134: 12084: 10516: 8351: 5253: 5140: 1457: 13997: 13806: 13767: 13753: 12888: 12855: 11184: 10973: 10642: 5646: 2687: 774:

A burnt-out and vandalised car in Hackney with misspelt graffiti. Arsonists set fire to 12 cars during the riots.

12027: 9023:"David Hardiman, "Deputy Mayor Kit Malthouse condemns Enfield Defence League vigilantes in Enfield last night", 7746: 6088: 5937: 1998:. Conservative MEP Daniel Hannan praised the community for their brave and responsible reactions to the crisis. 13177: 13172: 12320: 12232: 12132:"Youth voices in post-English riots Tottenham: The role of reflexivity in negotiating negative representations" 9858: 3929: 2905: 2815: 1534:

Several countries issued warnings advising caution to travellers visiting the United Kingdom during the riots.

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said that the riots were "completely unacceptable" and described the violence as "needless and opportunistic".

1058: 1042: 932: 11898: 10878: 10167: 9693: 8934: 8136: 6769: 4091: 3458: 14062: 14007: 13686: 13145: 12898: 12538: 11757: 11004: 10455:"Police got the wrong man: Salford teen charged with Miss Selfridge arson during Manchester riots is cleared" 10057: 7485: 7324: 6438: 4646: 3837: 2843:

Youth voices in post-English riots Tottenham: The role of reflexivity in negotiating negative representations

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newspaper, Pearce described the looting and vandalism as being "heart-breaking" and also contrasted people's

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A number of campaigns were launched, aiming to foster greater civic pride in their cities. Pictured is the

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shut Barking, Peckham Rye and Harrow-on-the-Hill and Hackney Central stations. The train operating company

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building, the burned remains now providing a reminder of the events. They were combined with the views of

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suggested that the British Government should prompt a debate which will allow British business owners the

926:. The prosecution said that the victim was punched in the face by one of a group of 100 youths. His bike, 14052: 14042: 13982: 13611: 13040: 12803: 12596: 11441: 10582: 2895: 2656: 1967: 1928: 1927:, but some riot police were on hand. Again, the police did not intervene to stop the looting. The mostly 1858: 1523: 1020: 931:

Donovan were convicted of stealing from Rossli, after being identified on camera pretending to help him.

564: 295: 186:. The following days saw similar scenes in other parts of London, with the worst rioting taking place in 10847: 9150: 8243: 3568: 327:

tests on the bullet recovered from the police radio indicate that it was a "very distinct" police issue

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A series of riots took place between 6 and 11 August 2011 in cities and towns across England, which saw

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Bank workers in Walthamstow observe the destruction which was caused in the early hours of the morning.

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dealt with over 100 serious fires caused by the disturbances. The LFB also reported that eight of its

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of 2011. Links were made to high youth unemployment and general disenfranchisement. A study by The

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was quoted as blaming young people with an "entitlement culture" and being "bereft of discipline".

2477: 2365: 2178: 2084: 1427: 1028: 980: 976: 898: 818: 790: 754: 12626: 10916: 10790: 4249: 855: 13913: 13760: 13738: 13482: 13135: 12999: 12763: 12606: 12358: 8802: 8413:"Birmingham riots: family tributes to three men who died protecting their community from looters" 7936: 2831: 2741:

politicians and the media, obscuring the wider, structural and economic roots of youth violence.

1936: 1894: 1887: 1866: 1849: 840: 682: 10553: 4746: 3928:

Bolesworth, Sarah; Neild, Barry; Beaumont, Peter; Lewis, Paul; Laville, Sandra (7 August 2011).

2524:", particularly of young black men, has caused resentment of the police in the black community. 712:

The attacker inflicted severe head injuries which resulted in a coma. The assault was caught on

14012: 13871: 13305: 13100: 13033: 12994: 12908: 12860: 12601: 12433: 11787:"Panic on the streets of Birmingham? Struggles over space and belonging in the Revanchist City" 6580: 4222:"A look back at the Bristol riots that saw vandalism and looting across the city six years ago" 2970: 2755: 2669: 2327:. The Lord Chief Justice stated that the offences were of the "greatest possible seriousness". 2309: 2077: 2064: 2006: 1664: 1565: 1546: 1173: 1131: 1127: 807: 686: 438: 332: 304: 290: 175: 76: 12913: 12778: 11920: 6308: 2675:

The local government budget had been cut in the past year so Haringey Council, which includes

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The riots were described by one journalist as "the worst disturbances of their kind since the

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must fully establish the circumstances of Mark Duggan's death. Lammy voiced concerns that the

13362: 13337: 13276: 13009: 12948: 12850: 12773: 12715: 12708: 12693: 12616: 10917:"Over 1,000 Arrested in U.K. as Anger over Inequality, Racism Boils Over into 'Insurrection'" 2965: 2717:

atmospheres created through the usual uses of urban space. For example, researchers from the

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result, many online organisers were handed severe sentences for their roles in the violence.

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due to take place on 10 August was cancelled, as well as the international friendly between

13853: 13791: 13635: 13477: 13256: 12867: 12737: 12725: 12662: 12652: 12581: 12543: 10791:"Over 1,000 Arrested in U.K. as Anger over Inequality, Racism Boils Over into Insurrection" 8959: 5909: 4306: 4278: 3783:"The Independent Police Complaints Commission has just announced that there is no evidence" 2900: 2351: 2302: 1983: 1940: 1800: 1786: 1684: 1584: 1508: 1158: 1035: 1024: 960: 936: 927: 742:

was charged with the murder of Bowes, violent disorder and four burglaries. He appeared at

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at half-mast over its town hall and announced the launch of a relief fund in his name, and

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A petition on the UK government website demanding convicted rioters to be banished to the

41: 8: 13992: 13835: 13714: 13619: 12953: 12845: 12835: 12703: 12571: 12533: 12363: 12353: 11803: 9649: 9382: 9117:"Hundreds of Sikh Londoners take to the streets to keep peace in various towns of London" 8747:"London riots: The big community clean up in Clapham after night of looting and violence" 7782: 4361: 3723: 3034: 2940: 2791: 2782: 2642: 2571: 2200: 1955: 1704: 1676: 1615: 1162: 1008: 992: 832: 585: 328: 10348: 9662: 8671: 7145: 7037: 6547:"Spurs v Everton off but Liverpool, Manchester United F.C., QPR and Fulham get go-ahead" 6516: 6464: 6378: 6315: 5220: 5164: 4412: 3959: 3598: 3530: 3329: 2423:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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ethnic group, and 2% the Other ethnic group. These figures were disproportionate to the

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were playing on the London riots and people's fears to advance their political motives.

13332: 12783: 12742: 12698: 12683: 12678: 12657: 12528: 12511: 12489: 12406: 12162: 11850: 9428:"Sir Ian Botham: bring in corporal punishment and ban reality TV to save today's youth" 9218:""London riots: Cameron hails Sikhs for protecting gurdwara". Sify News,11 August 2011" 7998:"David Lammy: "There is a history in Tottenham that involves deaths in police custody"" 7680: 6509: 4828: 3311: 2920: 2910: 2620: 2616:

A journalist on Al Jazeera suggested a similarity to the disenfranchisement behind the

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assisted British police in tracking rioters who used BBM, stating, "We comply with the

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Firefighters dousing a shop and flats destroyed by arson during the initial rioting in

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Cottrell-Boyce, Joseph (December 2013). "Ending Gang and Youth Violence: A Critique".

5534: 5464:"Darrell Desuze sentenced for killing pensioner Richard Mannington Bowes during riots" 4192: 3361: 2830:

A conference held in November 2012 and its subsequent report by Dr Leah Bassel of the

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Haringey has the fourth highest level of child poverty in London and 8.8% unemployed.

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were not attended by any other people. These sentences were affirmed on appeal by the

2063:, police clashed with a bottle-throwing crowd of about 200 vigilantes, including many 922:

A 20-year-old student, Ashraf Haziq, was attacked while cycling along Queen's Road in

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Bell, Brian (10 June 2021). "CRIME DETERRENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE LONDON 2011 RIOTS".

3315: 3303: 2960: 2945: 2925: 2374: 2324: 1959: 1709: 1577: 1560: 1504: 1114: 1072: 1004: 964: 894: 583:, a police official said social media was used to "organize greed and criminality." 179: 8732: 6457: 5674: 5426: 5308: 4941: 4832: 3190: 2672:, made it clear that the government's planned cuts to police budgets will go ahead. 806:, were found guilty of the robbery of Rossli and also violent disorder by a jury at 697: 607:

Other than BlackBerry Messenger and social networking sites, mobile phone operators

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Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6 to 9 August 2011 – February update

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Martin Beckford; James Hall; Christopher Williams; David Millward (9 August 2011).

7685:"Behind England's riots, a violent and entitled generation of British young people" 6401: 5396: 4818: 4691: 3295: 2795:

cartoonist Ingram Pinn depicted a Union Flag being broken through by a looter in a

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A firefighter douses a blaze in Tottenham during the aftermath of the initial riot.

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Other academics have pointed to more prosaic causes of the 2011 riots, citing the

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architecture. It was estimated that retailers lost at least 30,000 trading hours.

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before Mr Justice Flaux; the jury acquitted all of the defendants on all charges.

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published in September 2011 found a strong link between rioting and deprivation.

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The use of BlackBerry Messenger to encourage violent disorder led to arrests – a

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stopped serving Wolverhampton and suburban stops in the Birmingham area (but not

923: 871: 786: 770: 729: 591: 460: 366: 343: 335: 274: 223: 12300: 11695: 9526:"Statistical bulletin on the public disorder of 6th–9th August 2011 full report" 8445:"UK riots: hero's family vow to tell his unborn child he died protecting others" 6634:"Tottenham riot: burned out shops may contain dead bodies, MP David Lammy warns" 4357:"London and England riots: CCTV pictures of suspects are released by the police" 2281:

were given to two males who promoted riots via Facebook. The proposed events in

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later announced that trains were not stopping at many stations in south London.

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on 16 August 2011, where he was remanded in custody until his appearance at the

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Croft, Adrian (8 August 2011). "Spending cuts, police blamed for London riot".

10943:"Camila Batmanghelidjh: Caring costs – but so do riots – Commentators, Opinion" 10928: 10039:"Rapid riot prosecutions more important than long sentences, says Keir Starmer" 6154:"Men guilty of stealing from Malaysian student they pretended to help in riots" 4324: 3818: 3662: 3066:"The night that rioters ruled and police lost control of the streets of London" 2885: 2862: 2807: 2680: 2442: 2381:

and Pastor Nims Obunge. It was received well by all critics, with 4 stars from

2321: 1951: 1932: 1904: 1829: 1791: 1758: 1752: 1646: 1604: 1596: 1515: 1430: 1038: 1000: 504: 171: 72: 12240: 8825: 8352:"London riots: 'People are fighting back. It's their neighbourhoods at stake'" 8170:"UK riots: the heroine of Hackney Pauline Pearce reveals why she took a stand" 6371: 5194: 4022:"London riots – one year on: Owen Jones commences a series of special reports" 3567:

Laville, Sandra; Lewis, Paul; Dodd, Vikram; Davies, Caroline (7 August 2011).

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countered his argument by saying that there is no one single "black culture".

13966: 13895: 13487: 13056: 12499: 12158: 12150: 11846: 11727:"Joblessness and "toxic relations" with police are blamed for Tottenham riot" 10424:"Manchester police say sorry over tweet on woman who accepted looted clothes" 9793: 8449: 8238: 8174: 6132: 5195:"London riots CCTV shows teenager Darrell Desuze fatally attacking pensioner" 4680:"When atoms meet bits: social media, the mobile web and augmented revolution" 4463: 4092:"Tottenham riots: missteps in the dance of police and a frustrated community" 3902:"Mark Duggan family lose appeal against lawful killing verdict 29 March 2017" 3307: 3299: 2737: 2714: 2361: 2096: 2010: 1995: 1963: 1908: 1882: 1870: 1854: 1818: 1810: 1805: 1735: 1600: 1497: 1486: 1475: 1471: 1144: 1062: 732: 408: 371: 84: 59: 10643:"Introducing phase two of Reading the Riots: police, victims and the courts" 9923: 9801: 9561: 9336:

Phillips, Richard Phillips; Frost, Diane; and Singleton, Alex (March 2013).

6826:"UPDATE: Lambeth Council leader "They were looters, not rioters". (from the 4319: 4317: 2445:

causes focusing on unemployment and spending cuts, as well as social media,

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Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests

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Lewis, Paul; Newburn, Tim; Taylor, Matthew; Ball, James (5 December 2011).

10521: 10269: 10062: 10058:"England riots: all-night courts praised, but were they a publicity stunt?" 8504:"Tariq Jahan's is the patriotic voice of a first-generation Muslim migrant" 8417: 8349: 8141: 8132: 8002: 7925: 7923: 6158: 6093: 6089:"UK riots: teenager accused of punching Malaysian student appears in court" 5596:"UK riots: Hundreds of arrests around the country as yobs find new targets" 5258: 4651: 4615: 4548: 4515: 4226: 3906: 3690: 3500: 3463: 3431: 3001: 2774: 2604: 2446: 2378: 2370: 2249: 2170: 2092: 2048: 2044: 1975: 1845: 1774: 1748: 1633: 1608: 1434: 1413: 1154: 1088: 1080: 996: 940: 890: 810:. The convictions were quashed by the Court of Appeal on 29 November 2012. 678: 666: 658: 11524:"Hackney riots: 'The message when youth clubs close is that no one cares'" 11357: 10265:"Facebook riot calls earn men four-year jail terms amid sentencing outcry" 10195:"UK riots: Judges warned by Law Society not to hand down "rushed justice"" 9691: 8905:"Police lose control of streets shop owners form local 'protection units'" 7625:"The Guardian revises story about UK Riots which singled out Hasidic Jews" 6767: 5877: 3630: 2191:

The BBC reported that West Midlands riot police officers were issued with

1607:. The very widespread scale of the violence prompted comparisons with the 1400:

Location of incidents on 6 and 7 August: Red = 6 August, Yellow = 7 August

1137: 13928: 13293: 12518: 12494: 12224: 11946: 11031: 10912: 10908: 10763: 10233: 10114: 10007: 9638: 9583: 9487:"A reckoning – The black community wrestles with the causes of the riots" 9486: 9460: 9371: 9191: 6195: 4314: 4130: 4057: 3868: 3459:"Tottenham riots: a peaceful protest, then suddenly all hell broke loose" 3394: 3248: 3187:"Live Updates From Sky News Team And Twitter: Riots Spread Across London" 3097: 2750: 2698: 2617: 2598: 2578: 2528: 2505: 2454: 2389: 2146: 2114: 2106: 1782: 1766: 1537: 1438: 1118: 724:

Many tributes were paid to Bowes, including Ealing Council, who flew the

640: 580: 560: 499: 434: 195: 12288: 7920: 5816:"Independent record labels fear ruinous stock loss in London Riots Fire" 5698:"The destruction of Tottenham's buildings isn't just a sentimental loss" 4580:"London riots: BlackBerry to help police probe Messenger looting "role"" 1947:, were said to have formed local "protection units" around their shops. 1893:

Manchester City Councillor Pat Karney, the city centre spokesperson for

532:"Everyone in edmonton enfield wood green everywhere in north link up at 13950: 13883: 13783: 13492: 12576: 11549:"Young people have no right to riot, but they have a right to be angry" 10085:"UK riots: magistrates told "ignore the rule book" and lock up looters" 7814:"London riots: send in water cannon to clear streets, Theresa May told" 6121:"Teenager convicted of attacking Malaysian student during London riots" 4851: 4810:

Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

4349: 2876: 2661: 2609: 2583: 2392:

referenced the riots in their song "London Town" from their 2012 album

2298: 2286: 2150: 1924: 1841: 1500:

called the damage caused in the London Borough of Croydon "sickening".

1464: 1169: 1157:

condemned the violence in Brixton and Tottenham. Umunna called for the

750: 725: 540: 446: 324: 270: 266: 242: 199: 183: 80: 7769: 4696: 4679: 4611:"Why BlackBerry Messenger was rioters' communication method of choice" 2105:

TV programme of 12 August. Starkey singled out the influence of black

1974:

and English communities chased down masked youths in several areas of

167:, as well as mass deployment of police and the deaths of five people. 13935: 13901: 13746: 13706: 13229: 10486:"GM Police publish details of riot suspect: His flat gets burnt down" 9397:"British public 'are more prejudiced against minorities after riots'" 8538:"Amid all the bad news, Tariq Jahan made me feel proud to be British" 8271:"London Mayor Boris Johnson praises "Hackney heroine" Pauline Pearce" 6974:"Police could use water cannon to disperse rioters, Theresa May says" 4870:

Adams, Richard; Wells, Matt; Jones, Sam; Owen, Paul (9 August 2011).

4275:"Footage released after shots fired at police in Birmingham disorder" 2825: 2732: 2676: 2356: 2282: 2101: 2040: 1944: 1740: 1696: 882: 814: 612: 516: 492: 262: 258: 211: 47: 9947:"UK riots: More than 1,000 arrests strain legal system to the limit" 9308:"UK riots: More than 1,000 arrests strain legal system to the limit" 7961: 7959: 7352:"UK riots: Gaddafi calls on David Cameron to step down over rioting" 6343: 6341: 6055: 5254:"London riots: Man arrested over murder of Richard Mannington Bowes" 4803:

Tonkin, Emma; Pfeiffer, Heather D.; Tourte, Greg (13 January 2012).

3030:"London riots map: all incidents mapped in London and around the UK" 2870: 424: 365:

On 6 August, a protest was held, initially peacefully, beginning at

13722: 13004: 12411: 12305: 11978:"The moral decay of our society is as bad at the top as the bottom" 10168:"Riot sentences criticised as "out of proportion" – Channel 4 News" 5225: 4936: 4329: 4197: 4135: 3964: 3873: 3635: 3603: 3535: 3399: 3366: 3334: 3253: 3109: 2517: 2166: 2135: 2053: 2026: 2022: 1991: 1770: 1688: 1479: 956: 739: 250: 235: 231: 227: 11662: 11154:"England riots: justice grinds on as courts sit through the night" 9166:"Sikhs stood guard to protect Gurudwaras from rioters in Southall" 8350:

Peter Beaumont; Jasmine Coleman; Sandra Laville (10 August 2011).

8161: 8022: 4647:"UK riots: Mobile phone operators help police to identify looters" 3780:

Jones, Sam; Wells, Matt; Owen, Paul; Quinn, Ben (10 August 2011).

1691:, broadcast in November 2005, showed a visit by a delegation from 354:

of 1985 if local concerns regarding the death were not addressed.

241:

From 8 to 11 August, other towns and cities in England (including

12058:"What the media did wrong in the riots – and how to put it right" 10369:"Croydon riot ringleader Adam Khan Ahmadzai's sentence increased" 10289: 8125: 7956: 7651:"Leading article: The lessons to be drawn from mindless violence" 6338: 6058:"UK Riots: Courts struggle to cope with the roll-call of accused" 5080:"Birmingham riots: intense anger after deaths of three young men" 4964:"Suspected looter shot dead in Croydon named as man from Brixton" 2034: 1482:

reporter that "criminal elements were to blame for the trouble".

1066: 875: 803: 743: 662: 555:

and co-operate fully with the Home Office and UK police forces."

246: 215: 203: 191: 160: 92: 13025: 11122: 9692:

Sam Jones; Paul Lewis; Matthew Taylor; Ben Quinn (8 July 2011).

8225: 6886:"Police reassure residents they are working to keep county safe" 6768:

Sam Jones; Paul Lewis; Matthew Taylor; Ben Quinn (8 July 2011).

6483: 6431: 6260:"Shock and anger as city awakes to worst scenes since the Blitz" 5905:"BPI establishes fund for indie labels impacted by London riots" 595:

magazine suggested that BlackBerry Messenger was more to blame.

13417: 12279:

Tottenham MP David Lammy speaking on the aftermath of the riots

11465:"Nick Clegg: police funding cuts will not change despite riots" 9857:

Sanchez, Raf; Holehouse, Matthew; Willis, Amy (9 August 2011).

8194: 8094: 6316:"West Ham-Aldershot Carling Cup tie postponed on police advice" 2796: 2483: 2472: 2336: 2060: 2030: 2014: 1417: 799: 706: 481: 219: 12028:"Punish the feral rioters, but address our social deficit too" 8137:"UK riots: the stories behind the people who defined the week" 7989: 7932:"A million hits for footage of Hackney woman berating looters" 7375:"Syrian diplomat compares uprising to London riots | ITV News" 5566:"CHINGFORD: Injured police 'were hit by fleeing looter's car'" 4193:"Ealing riot: CCTV of Richard Mannington Bowes attack suspect" 1683:

Some journalists made comparisons between these riots and the

959:

was partly shut down due to damage inflicted along its route.

672: 412:

Rioters facing police on the evening of Saturday 6 August 2011

13859: 13266: 11213: 8262: 6228: 6051: 6049: 5968:"[PIAS] Back in Business For Labels Affected By Fire" 4450:

Rogers, Simon; Rogersa, Simon; Sedghi, Ami (10 August 2011).

3427:"London riots: More than 2,000 people arrested over disorder" 254: 164: 11758:"There is a context to London's riots that can't be ignored" 8826:"Sonal Shah is fundraising for Capital Community Foundation" 8060: 7778:"English Meltdown: Trying to Make Sense of The London Riots" 6738:"David Lammy: Prejudices of the few eclipsed by civic pride" 4987:"First fatality of the riots was decorator with a baby girl" 3927: 2597:

dubbed the riots as "the lumpen rebellion" and example of a

1572:

store in Upper Bull Street, Birmingham, smashed in the riots

11665:"Haringey youth club closures: 'There'll be riots' (video)" 10609: 10517:"Unicef criticises Britain for jailing children over riots" 10508: 9251:"London riots: vigilantes hurl bottles at police in Eltham" 9222: 8875:"E-petition calls for rioters to be sent to Outer Hebrides" 8345: 8343: 8341: 8339: 7867:"Theresa May urged to send in water cannon to tackle riots" 7432:"Police "failed miserably" dead reggae star Smiley Culture" 6943:"Theresa May urged to send in water cannon to tackle riots" 6412: 6056:

Sawer, Patrick; Lusher, Adam; Leach, Ben (19 August 2011).

5441:"Mother who tore up riot killer son's clothes found guilty" 4452:"UK riots: every verified incident. Download the full list" 3960:"Tottenham police shooting: Dead man was minicab passenger" 2594: 713: 476: 428:

Rioters attempt to loot a cycle shop in Chalk Farm, Camden.

9479: 8307: 8305: 8303: 8301: 7402:"Tottenham riot rekindles memories of unrest in the 1980s" 7005:"London riots: Theresa May rejects calls for water cannon" 6080: 6046: 5967: 5279:"Boris pledges millions to help Ealing recover from riots" 5049:"Three killed protecting property during Birmingham riots" 4544:"London riots: how BlackBerry Messenger played a key role" 3751:"'No evidence' that Mark Duggan shot at police, says IPCC" 3661:. Independent Police Complaints Commission. Archived from 3155:"Britain's rioters count cost of unrest as order restored" 2995:

Rogers, Simon; Sedghi, Ami; Evans, Lisa (11 August 2011).

893:, which also acted as the primary distribution centre for 437:

thrown at officers) and spread to Leicester, parts of the

133:

205 (16 members of the public, 186 police officers, and 3

11638:"The toughest places to get a job in the UK: 6. Haringey" 10234:"England riots: Court appearance total rises above 1,500" 9281:"Police clash with vigilantes in Eltham – Channel 4 News" 8672:"Twitter and Facebook users arrange London riot clean-up" 7898:""Hackney speech woman" revealed to be local jazz singer" 7811: 7234:"England riots: Broken society is top priority – Cameron" 6224:"Injured boy mugged in riot to have PSP replaced by SCEE" 6191:"London riots victim to have stolen PSP replaced by Sony" 6146: 5165:"Ealing riot: Richard Mannington Bowes dies after attack" 5141:"Eight men cleared of murder over Birmingham riot deaths" 3599:"Mark Duggan shooting: Bullets results 'within 24 hours'" 3214:"Police warning on vigilante justice after English riots" 3159: 2577:

In a House of Commons debate on the riots Home Secretary

2496: 1708:, Mahir Ali likened the government's response to that of 721:

on 11 August 2011 after being removed from life support.

27:

6–11 August 2011 riots in cities and towns across England

10393:"Riots: Ursula Nevin freed after handling stolen shorts" 10297:"Four years' jail for Facebook post that incited no one" 10192: 10115:"PM defends "tough" riot sentences handed out by courts" 10037:

Bawdon, Fiona; Lewis, Paul; Newburn, Tim (3 July 2020).

8823: 8336: 6517:"Tottenham v Everton match postponed after London riots" 5517:"The Press Association: Two convicted of student attack" 5487:"London riots: YouTube crime victim a Malaysian student" 3531:"Man dead and police officer hurt in Tottenham shooting" 1083:

on 13 August was postponed. The League Two game between

824:

In total, 186 police officers were injured as well as 3

643:

on the ground floor and many flats on the upper storeys.

13525:

Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

11921:"Rioters revel in thrill of seizing Manchester streets" 11804:"Hundreds complain about David Starkey's race comments" 11256:"London riots: Absent fathers have a lot to answer for" 10848:"UK riots: political classes see what they want to see" 10554:"London rioters given jail terms totalling 1,800 years" 8298: 7264:"Rioters identified on CCTV face eviction say councils" 5813: 5277:

Thompson, Jessica; Chakelian, Anoosh (11 August 2011).

4739:"London Riots: Organized via Twitter and Smart phones?" 4390:"Citizen Cameras Capture more Looters than London Cops" 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3330:"Riots in Tottenham after Mark Duggan shooting protest" 3128:"Police staff working rest days to cover riot workload" 10876: 9856: 9531:. Ministry of Justice. 24 October 2011. Archived from 8798: 7889: 7204:"Lions led by donkeys: why the police 'had it coming'" 5878:"Independent record labels detail fire recovery plans" 5221:"Riots: Arrest over death of Richard Mannington Bowes" 4421:"Interactive maps reveal satellite's view of UK riots" 3566: 3059: 3057: 2749:

During the riots, on 9 August 2011, UK Home Secretary

2570:. Various journalists have identified poverty and the 2308:

On 25 April 2012, the Court of Appeal (Lord Judge CJ,

1923:

By 20:00 on 7 August, the major rioting had spread to

1599:. In April 2011 there was a large nonviolent march to 544:

A shop in Tottenham Hale Retail park after the looting

12220:

Documentary on riots on Al Jazeera's People and Power

11663:

Alexandra Topping; Cameron Robertson (31 July 2011).

11580:"A society that is slipping into Dickensian darkness" 11062:"Democracy Live – In full: MPss debate England riots" 10879:"Rioters say anger with police fuelled summer unrest" 9944: 9663:"London riots: Met Police launch major investigation" 9085:"UK Riot Vigilantes Attempt To 'Reclaim The Streets'" 8864:. Epetitions.direct.gov.uk. Retrieved 17 August 2011. 7543:"Tottenham riots: police let gangs run riot and loot" 6579:. Cheltenham Town F.C. 11 August 2011. Archived from 6465:"Ghana versus Nigeria friendly in Watford called off" 5729:"UK retailers lost 30,000 trading hours due to riots" 5632:. London Fire Brigade. 13 August 2011. Archived from 3719:"The street code of vengeance that sparked the riots" 3490: 3488: 3486: 2997:"UK riots: every verified incident – interactive map" 2184:

of the Metropolitan Police, with detectives from the

2117:, who, Starkey asserted, "sounded white". The author 983:

itself) and Manchester (but not Manchester Airport).

939:

after a video of the attack attracted attention, and

11214:

Sally Gainsbury; Natasha Culzac (4 September 2011).

10256: 9782:"London riots: Met admits too few officers deployed" 8314:"Vigilantes join 16,000 police on capital's streets" 8200: 7038:"London riots: Police patrol streets after violence" 6603:"David Lammy Appeals for Calm after Tottenham Riots" 6409:"London riots continue, Birmingham test in jeopardy" 4802: 3569:"Doubts emerge over Duggan shooting as London burns" 3439: 3098:"England riots: YouTube mugging victim 'recovering'" 2852: 299:

Ferry Lane, Tottenham Hale, location of the shooting

10349:"London riots: Croydon rioter's jail term extended" 10008:"London riots arrests reach 2,000, Met Police says" 9755:"Disorder: Updates and Advice from Sunday 7 August" 9461:"'The whites have become black' says David Starkey" 8993:"Foreigners stay calm and carry on in London riots" 8646:"Wombles Needed: How To Help With The Riot Cleanup" 7174: 6912:"Police praised for preventing riots in Hillingdon" 6818: 6792: 5994:"Three teenagers arrested over Sony warehouse fire" 5786:"Insurers say London riot losses "well over £100m"" 5720: 5647:

Families made homeless by riots will be compensated

5078:Butt, Riazat; Wainwright, Martin (10 August 2011). 4869: 4805:"Twitter, information sharing and the London riots" 4449: 3779: 3054: 2339:in October 2011 for possibly breaching the 1989 UN 2269:On 1 September 2011 the BBC reported that official 13343:United Kingdom and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 11696:"Youth service cuts 'could lead to social unrest'" 10036: 9890:"London riots: 450 detectives in hunt for looters" 9584:"England rioters 'poorer, younger, less educated'" 9455: 9453: 7967:"London riots: Woman confronts rioters in Hackney" 7350: 7286: 7032: 7030: 6736: 3781: 3483: 3249:"England rioters "poorer, younger, less educated"" 2826:Mainstream media relationship with the communities 12267:U.K. Citizen Isobel Wiles' Commentary from abroad 12199:The English Riots of 2011: A Summer of Discontent 11693: 11408:"London Sees Twin Perils Converging to Fuel Riot" 11286:"Rioters Are Not 'Scum'! They Are The Fatherless" 9639:BBC News: "England riots: Who's been prosecuted?" 9372:BBC News: "England riots: Who's been prosecuted?" 9143:"Sangat TV switches to Birmingham riots coverage" 8268: 7325:"Libya, Iran revel in mocking Britain over riots" 7094:"London violence: "needless opportunistic theft"" 6253: 6251: 6188: 5761:. Association of British Insurers. Archived from 5276: 2994: 2891:Crisis situations and unrest in Europe since 2000 2511: 2399: 2109:on youths of all races, contrasting contemporary 2080:was the only area where more than 6% were Asian. 1568:" graffiti on boards covering the windows of the 1110:Following the initial disorder in Tottenham, the 498:Several interactive maps were implemented in the 284: 104:Rioting, looting, arson, robbery, assault, murder 13964: 12249:Guardian dataset & map of verified incidents 12085:"Media Coverage Of 2011 Riots 'Was Disgraceful'" 11311:Hemming, Jon; Ambrogi, Stefano (8 August 2011). 10610:Patrick Wintour; James Meikle (12 August 2011). 10079: 10077: 9881: 9828:"Birmingham gangs "not only to blame for riots"" 9299: 9045: 8897: 8851:"Convicted London rioters should loose [ 8595:"U.K. Riot Wombles hit the streets for clean up" 8231: 8028: 7714: 7120:"London riots: David Cameron cuts short holiday" 7096:. Herald de Paris. 8 August 2011. Archived from 6221: 4714:International Journal of Business and Management 13383:2022 vote of confidence in the Johnson ministry 11883: 11826: 11611:"Response to the Comprehensive Spending Review" 11440:. LabourList.org. 7 August 2011. Archived from 11377:"Tottenham riot: The lesson of Broadwater Farm" 10818:"Depraved or deprived? UK split on riot causes" 10764:"London riots: Tensions behind unrest revealed" 9450: 8773:"Hundreds join Manchester clean-up after riots" 8034:"Reactionary "Ideas" are not What London Needs" 7226: 7027: 6706:"Tottenham riot: The lesson of Broadwater Farm" 6379:"Charlton-Reading Carling Cup match called off" 6215: 5902: 5301:"August Riots: Teen Who Killed Pensioner Named" 4932:"Croydon Murder Victim Found Shot in Car Named" 4381: 4250:"Unreported riots – trouble across the country" 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4058:"London riots: Tensions behind unrest revealed" 3814:"Mark Duggan did not fire his weapon at police" 3591: 2113:with the speech patterns of black Tottenham MP 846: 828:. Five police dogs were also reported injured. 520:Stand-off between rioters and police in Croydon 14033:Attacks on buildings and structures in England 12301:David Cameron's full statement on the UK riots 12025: 11832: 11438:"Ken Livingstone statement on Tottenham riots" 11358:"More than 200 thugs arrested in London riots" 11310: 10142:"Coalition split on sentences linked to riots" 10139: 9576: 9558:"Gangs Had No "Pivotal Role" In English Riots" 9550: 9518: 8620:"PM's speech on the fightback after the riots" 8201:Mistry, Mark; Fordham, Craig (9 August 2011). 6800:"Looters cause chaos in Streatham and Brixton" 6248: 5938:"BPI starts fund for labels hurt by PIAS fire" 5478: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5077: 4609:Ball, James; Brown, Symeon (7 December 2011). 3952: 2802: 2520:has argued that the tactical use of frequent " 914: 14038:Attacks on buildings and structures in London 13041: 12321: 11495:"Rolling back the state only fans the flames" 11032:"English riots: The return of the underclass" 10262: 10193:James Meikle; Simon Rogers (12 August 2011). 10074: 10000: 9192:"Southall Sikhs stand against London rioters" 8799:"Riots & Donations (dedicated to the UK)" 8729:"Locals Fight Back With Brooms And Marigolds" 8311: 7812:Tom Whitehead; Andrew Hough (8 August 2011). 7256: 7068:"Nick Clegg: Riots 'completely unacceptable'" 6663: 6661: 6659: 6086: 4577: 4064:. BBC Television Centre, White City, London. 3930:"Tottenham in flames as riot follows protest" 3869:"Tottenham police "could have stopped riots"" 3838:"Tottenham in flames as riot follows protest" 3149: 3147: 3145: 3093: 3091: 2354:in Kilburn presented a piece of new writing, 11462: 10845: 10640: 10226: 9820: 9306:Jones, Sam; Meikle, James (10 August 2011). 8935:"Muslim residents protect their communities" 8501: 7717:"Riots in London and Paris: Plus Ça Change?" 7710: 7708: 7706: 7146:"UK riots: Trouble erupts in English cities" 6016: 5935: 5563: 5419:"Teen Admits Killing Pensioner During Riots" 4847:"A new Goal for Tottenham's old Co-op store" 4710: 4573: 4571: 4114: 3686:"London disturbances – Sunday 7 August" 3631:"Soul searching lies ahead as UK riots cool" 3562: 3560: 3558: 3122: 3120: 2475:poll was carried out on 8–9 August 2011 for 1773:from famous people such as newspaper editor 14028:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2011 13316:Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU 13111:2019 Conservative Party leadership election 12937:George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom 11891:"UK riots: 16,000 police on London streets" 11374: 11005:"Blame for riots turns to UK social system" 10815: 9969: 9305: 9242: 9077: 8477:"The Pride of Britain Awards – Tariq Jahan" 7995: 7673: 7201: 7195: 6625: 5809: 5807: 5783: 5726: 5671:"'Like The Blitz': Riot Eyewitnesses React" 5626:"Busiest time in recent memory for Brigade" 5389:"Teenager Remanded Over Ealing Riot Murder" 5315: 5071: 4766: 4764: 4640: 4638: 4325:"UK riots: What turns people into looters?" 3389: 3387: 3385: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3021: 2693: 1623:respect the law of the land the hard way." 839:had their windscreens smashed and that two 692: 673:Haroon Jahan, Shahzad Ali and Abdul Musavir 315:) said that the planned arrest was part of 13235:Commons Privileges Committee investigation 13048: 13034: 12328: 12314: 12108:"Special report about media and the riots" 12019: 11577: 9945:James Meikle; Sam Jones (10 August 2011). 9685: 8531: 8529: 7836: 7775: 6802:. Yourlocalguardian.co.uk. 8 August 2011. 6761: 6656: 5846:"Labels react to Sony/PIAS warehouse fire" 5570:East London and West Essex Guardian Series 5535:"London riots: "Mugging" verdicts quashed" 5359:"'Witness' found over Richard Bowes death" 4736: 4051: 4049: 3921: 3866: 3830: 3142: 3088: 2988: 2657:coalition government in the United Kingdom 1387: 1378: 1369: 1360: 1351: 1342: 1333: 1324: 1315: 1306: 1297: 1288: 1279: 1270: 1261: 1252: 1243: 1234: 1225: 1216: 1207: 1198: 1189: 40: 11313:"Riots spread on third night of violence" 11151: 10841: 10839: 10641:Lewis, Paul; Newburn, Tim (1 July 2012). 9722: 7703: 7569:"Urban riots: The battle for the streets" 7138: 7002: 6832:. Streathamguardian.co.uk. Archived from 6699: 6697: 6695: 6182: 6024:"Riots hit retail shares "at worst time"" 5838: 5814:Llewellyn Smith, Caspar (9 August 2011). 5673:. Sky News. 7 August 2011. Archived from 5461: 5041: 4863: 4822: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4773:"London Riots: Twitter That Caused Them?" 4695: 4677: 4608: 4602: 4568: 4219: 3992:"Tottenham riots are a disgrace, says MP" 3860: 3555: 3525: 3523: 3117: 2765: 1031:in Birmingham, but the match was played. 14048:August 2011 events in the United Kingdom 13242:Downing Street refurbishment controversy 10901: 8696: 8410: 8131: 7864: 7844:"Kenyans take shelter from London riots" 7545:. London: The Telegraph, 7 August 2011. 7540: 7483: 7399: 7294:"Leader: We will re-build our community" 6940: 5929: 5896: 5804: 5245: 4770: 4761: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4635: 4541: 3496:"Tottenham in flames as protesters riot" 3382: 3362:"London riots: More than 3,000 arrested" 3236: 2293:. Giving the judgment of the court, the 2264: 2255: 2165: 1823: 1734: 1723: 1587:of 1985, during which a police officer, 1559: 1136: 1124:Independent Police Complaints Commission 865: 854: 769: 696: 626: 539: 515: 486: 459: 423: 407: 391: 309:Independent Police Complaints Commission 294: 13353:2022 Conservative Party confidence vote 11608: 11405: 11368: 11007:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10974:"Looting 'fuelled by social exclusion'" 10971: 10846:Chakrabortty, Aditya (10 August 2011). 10788: 10761: 10452: 9975: 9887: 9425: 8699:"Twitter users unite for riot clean-up" 8526: 8495: 8269:Bartholomew, Emma (21 September 2011). 8100: 8066: 7895: 7679: 6667: 6127:. Press Association. 16 February 2012. 5970:(Press release). PIAS. 18 August 2011. 5870: 5484: 5474:from the original on 25 September 2015. 5251: 5019:"Seventh Arrest in Trevor Ellis Murder" 4644: 4247: 4055: 4046: 3683: 3275: 2836:Media and the Riots – A Call For Action 2744: 2295:Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales 2196:for use in England and Wales in 2001). 2149:" ranging from 26% in London to 39% in 511: 346:, having passed through Duggan's body. 14: 13965: 13378:Conservative Party leadership election 12225:Timeline and map of violence from the 12129: 12125: 12123: 11975: 11939: 11675:from the original on 12 September 2013 11292:from the original on 21 September 2011 11228:from the original on 27 September 2011 11216:"Rioting link to deprivation revealed" 11029: 10836: 10551: 10309:from the original on 25 September 2015 10055: 9838:from the original on 25 September 2015 9757:. Metropolitan Police. 7 August 2011. 9426:Kerrins, Suzanne (24 September 2011). 9394: 8779:from the original on 27 September 2018 8535: 8324:from the original on 22 September 2017 8203:"Voice of reason amid London violence" 8167: 7929: 7605:from the original on 22 September 2012 6971: 6953:from the original on 10 September 2014 6922:from the original on 27 September 2011 6692: 6257: 5986: 5708:from the original on 19 September 2015 5695: 5369:from the original on 26 September 2018 5111:"U.K. Ethnic Tensions Stoked by Riots" 5108: 4882:from the original on 30 September 2013 4791: 4659:from the original on 30 September 2013 4034:from the original on 25 September 2015 3940:from the original on 30 September 2013 3899: 3579:from the original on 30 September 2013 3520: 3508:from the original on 27 September 2013 3471:from the original on 27 September 2013 3211: 3042:from the original on 20 September 2017 2223: 1583:Commentators likened the riots to the 647: 617:Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 553:Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 331:. The IPCC later stated that a loaded 62:incidents continued after this period) 13282:Parliamentary second jobs controversy 13029: 12309: 11814:from the original on 23 November 2018 11755: 11724: 11694:Hannah Richardson (22 October 2010). 11546: 11341: 11253: 11090: 10889:from the original on 19 November 2016 10858:from the original on 15 November 2014 10514: 10465:from the original on 11 November 2011 10421: 10244:from the original on 1 September 2011 10205:from the original on 15 November 2014 10018:from the original on 1 September 2011 9779: 9694:"London riots spread south of Thames" 9594:from the original on 11 November 2011 9407:from the original on 16 November 2016 9287:from the original on 1 September 2011 9248: 9163: 8990: 8805:from the original on 5 September 2011 8652:from the original on 16 November 2011 8362:from the original on 22 December 2013 8232:Manzoor, Sarfraz (3 September 2011). 8101:Jardine, Cassandra (12 August 2011). 7996:Hattenstone, Simon (14 August 2011). 7877:from the original on 15 November 2016 7715:J. David Goodman (17 November 2006). 7549:from the original on 13 February 2013 7486:"Londoners: Rioting through the ages" 7363:from the original on 12 January 2022. 7322: 7183:from the original on 24 November 2011 7175:Your Local Guardian (8 August 2011). 6770:"London riots spread south of Thames" 6734: 6703: 6670:"Politicians condemn Tottenham riots" 6644:from the original on 16 February 2017 6631: 6445:from the original on 19 December 2011 6292:. Nationalexpress.com. Archived from 6236:from the original on 10 November 2018 6203:from the original on 10 November 2018 6004:from the original on 14 November 2012 5917:from the original on 1 September 2011 5326: 5252:Topping, Alexandra (12 August 2011). 5090:from the original on 22 December 2013 4737:Adams, Lee, William (8 August 2011). 4725: 4623:from the original on 11 December 2013 4508: 4418: 4002:from the original on 1 September 2011 3881:from the original on 8 September 2011 3867:Stephenson, Wesley (25 August 2011). 3848:from the original on 9 September 2011 3716: 3611:from the original on 26 February 2019 3456: 3076:from the original on 11 November 2012 3063: 3027: 3009:from the original on 15 November 2016 2341:Convention on the Rights of the Child 2001:On 9 August, vigilantes assembled in 1540:, the Deputy Foreign Minister of the 831:Ten firefighters were injured as the 798:March 2012, two men, John Kafunda of 657:Trevor Ellis, a 26-year-old man from 313:Independent Office for Police Conduct 13978:2011 disasters in the United Kingdom 13531:Shadow Minister for Higher Education 13126:Suspension of rebel Conservative MPs 13068:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 12335: 12038:from the original on 6 December 2013 11768:from the original on 3 February 2017 11185:"From the Arab Spring to Liverpool?" 11182: 11093:"Riots Not Caused By Broken Society" 11002: 10984:from the original on 2 December 2016 10972:Topping, Alexandra (8 August 2011). 10612:"Ed Miliband promises riots inquiry" 10277:from the original on 3 December 2013 10121:from the original on 26 October 2017 9988:from the original on 21 October 2011 9723:Holehouse, Matthew (7 August 2011). 9704:from the original on 18 January 2014 9673:from the original on 17 October 2018 9614:"Jailed rioters 'from 44 countries'" 9497:from the original on 25 October 2011 9395:Taylor, Matthew (5 September 2011). 9097:from the original on 12 January 2012 9033:from the original on 18 January 2012 8962:"London riots: residents fight back" 8941:from the original on 20 October 2011 8937:. MuslimMatters.org. 8 August 2011. 8885:from the original on 2 February 2016 8855:] all benefits" from e-petitions 8592: 8213:from the original on 3 February 2014 8149:from the original on 13 January 2014 8103:"Burnt out but not bowed by the mob" 8044:from the original on 12 January 2012 7661:from the original on 17 October 2011 7631:from the original on 17 October 2012 7512:"The criminals who shame our nation" 7460: 7331:from the original on 2 November 2011 7074:from the original on 2 February 2016 6780:from the original on 18 January 2014 6680:from the original on 18 January 2014 6613:from the original on 12 January 2012 6189:Reynolds, Matthew (10 August 2011). 5858:from the original on 30 January 2020 5826:from the original on 5 November 2016 5029:from the original on 17 October 2013 4984: 4912:from the original on 2 February 2012 4902:"Shot man dies after London rioting" 4590:from the original on 2 December 2016 4303: 4163:"Eight officers hurt as riots erupt" 4089: 3794:from the original on 29 January 2022 3342:from the original on 19 January 2012 3167:from the original on 14 January 2012 3132:Public and Commercial Services Union 2403: 1803:. Pearce has since been featured in 986: 12424:1768 Massacre of St George's Fields 12120: 12026:Kenneth Clarke (5 September 2011). 11957:from the original on 10 August 2011 11947:"How rioting spread around England" 11737:from the original on 4 October 2015 11635: 11578:Macwhirter, Iain (18 August 2011). 11559:from the original on 3 October 2015 11505:from the original on 21 August 2011 11475:from the original on 3 October 2015 11387:from the original on 2 October 2013 11195:from the original on 17 August 2011 11164:from the original on 4 October 2015 11133:from the original on 10 August 2019 11072:from the original on 11 August 2011 11042:from the original on 11 August 2011 11011:from the original on 14 August 2011 10953:from the original on 17 August 2011 10797:from the original on 16 August 2011 10789:Seymour, Richard (10 August 2011). 10622:from the original on 3 October 2015 10529:from the original on 1 October 2013 10434:from the original on 3 October 2015 10403:from the original on 24 August 2011 10095:from the original on 16 August 2011 10049: 10045:from the original on 20 April 2020. 10030: 9957:from the original on 2 October 2013 9900:from the original on 3 October 2015 9735:from the original on 13 August 2011 9467:from the original on 15 August 2011 9261:from the original on 11 August 2011 9198:from the original on 11 August 2011 9172:from the original on 23 August 2011 9065:from the original on 22 August 2019 9003:from the original on 12 August 2011 8972:from the original on 10 August 2011 8832:from the original on 7 October 2011 8457:from the original on 14 August 2011 8425:from the original on 13 August 2011 8283:from the original on 4 October 2011 8182:from the original on 14 August 2011 8113:from the original on 15 August 2011 8082:from the original on 12 August 2011 8010:from the original on 3 October 2015 7973:. UK. 9 August 2011. Archived from 7908:from the original on 11 August 2011 7824:from the original on 2 October 2018 7757:from the original on 11 August 2011 7727:from the original on 10 August 2011 7522:from the original on 2 October 2018 7492:from the original on 10 August 2011 7442:from the original on 27 August 2011 7274:from the original on 11 August 2011 7244:from the original on 15 August 2011 7214:from the original on 21 August 2014 7156:from the original on 10 August 2011 7015:from the original on 10 August 2011 6972:Porter, Andrew (12 December 2010). 6866:from the original on 7 October 2011 6806:from the original on 4 October 2012 6716:from the original on 2 October 2013 6557:from the original on 17 August 2011 6527:from the original on 22 August 2019 6419:from the original on 10 August 2011 6389:from the original on 22 August 2019 6222:Garratt, Patrick (10 August 2011). 6170:from the original on 3 October 2015 6101:from the original on 3 October 2015 6034:from the original on 18 August 2011 5974:from the original on 23 August 2011 5948:from the original on 20 August 2011 5739:from the original on 25 August 2011 5606:from the original on 10 August 2011 5497:from the original on 11 August 2011 5329:"Teenager charged with riot murder" 5233:from the original on 7 October 2018 5213: 5175:from the original on 12 August 2011 4645:Garside, Juliette (9 August 2011). 4556:from the original on 5 January 2017 4387: 4337:from the original on 10 August 2011 4267: 4143:from the original on 11 August 2011 3731:from the original on 18 August 2011 3698:from the original on 2 October 2013 3278:"Four days in August: the UK riots" 3224:from the original on 11 August 2011 2736:discussion on 12 August, historian 2632: 2544: 2301:, sitting with Sir John Thomas and 2153:, and very few listed as over 40). 2005:, including several members of the 24: 13427: 13272:Irish Sea Bridge feasibility study 12809:1999 Carnival Against Capital riot 12191: 11706:from the original on 11 March 2012 10770:from the original on 9 August 2011 10564:from the original on 8 August 2012 10496:from the original on 27 April 2015 10483: 10056:Bawdon, Fiona (22 December 2011). 9976:Johnson, Wesley (30 August 2011). 9869:from the original on 9 August 2011 9808:from the original on 9 August 2011 9780:Rojas, John Paul (8 August 2011). 9438:from the original on 27 April 2017 9164:Singh, Tejashdeep (23 July 2011). 8678:from the original on 9 August 2011 8514:from the original on 15 April 2015 7896:Gardham, Duncan (10 August 2011). 7865:Siddique, Haroon (9 August 2011). 7579:from the original on 28 April 2015 7541:Beckford, Martin (7 August 2011). 7463:"The sad truth behind London riot" 7412:from the original on 8 August 2011 7048:from the original on 9 August 2011 6984:from the original on 20 April 2012 6941:Siddique, Haroon (9 August 2011). 6359:from the original on 26 March 2013 6349:"London riots hit sports fixtures" 6087:Walker, Peter (5 September 2011). 5903:Smirke, Richard (15 August 2011). 5576:from the original on 27 April 2015 5485:Wardrop, Murray (10 August 2011). 5266:from the original on 7 April 2017. 5059:from the original on 4 August 2018 4779:from the original on 22 April 2012 4771:Williams, Olivia (8 August 2011). 4248:Clifton, Helen (6 December 2011). 4220:Ballinger, Alex (13 August 2017). 4131:"England riots: Maps and timeline" 4068:from the original on 9 August 2011 3972:from the original on 6 August 2011 3543:from the original on 5 August 2011 3028:Payne, Sebastian (9 August 2011). 2708: 2650: 2186:Homicide and Serious Crime Command 1101:Timeline of the 2011 England riots 388:Timeline of the 2011 England riots 25: 14074: 14003:2010s fires in the United Kingdom 13973:2011 crimes in the United Kingdom 13055: 12213: 11418:from the original on 22 June 2017 11254:Odone, Cristina (9 August 2011). 10653:from the original on 7 April 2017 10140:Michael Settle (18 August 2011). 10070:from the original on 4 July 2020. 9888:Laville, Sandra (9 August 2011). 9761:from the original on 1 April 2012 9318:from the original on 7 April 2017 8753:from the original on 22 July 2013 8536:Hannan, Daniel (11 August 2011). 8168:Butler, Adrian (14 August 2011). 7400:Millward, David (7 August 2011). 7381:from the original on 23 June 2012 6668:Sparrow, Andrew (7 August 2011). 6491:"Four Carling Cup ties postponed" 6439:"Test set to begin despite riots" 6326:from the original on 16 July 2013 6068:from the original on 1 April 2012 4999:from the original on 26 June 2015 4523:from the original on 7 April 2017 4102:from the original on 7 April 2017 3407:from the original on 23 June 2018 2670:Liberal Democrats political party 2572:growing gap between rich and poor 2232: 2173:, Director of Public Prosecutions 2071: 1769:. Its rapid spread was helped by 1657:In its 9 August leading article, 1416:called for the introduction of a 1410:Hackney North and Stoke Newington 826:Police Community Support Officers 277:– was significantly compromised. 153:2,815 homes, businesses attacked 135:police community support officers 13663:Boris: The Rise of Boris Johnson 13513:Leader of the Conservative Party 13435: 13348:2022 State Opening of Parliament 13247:2021 State Opening of Parliament 12889:2011 Stokes Croft riot (Bristol) 12130:Elster, Julius (31 March 2020). 12101: 12074: 12050: 12000: 11976:Oborne, Peter (11 August 2011). 11969: 11913: 11869:"Rioting spirals out of control" 11861: 11796: 11780: 11749: 11718: 11687: 11656: 11629: 11602: 11571: 11540: 11517: 11487: 11456: 11430: 11399: 11350: 11335: 11304: 11278: 11247: 11207: 11176: 11145: 11115: 11103:from the original on 27 May 2015 11084: 11054: 11023: 11003:Ross, Monique (10 August 2011). 10996: 10965: 10935: 10870: 10809: 10782: 10762:Jackson, Peter (7 August 2011). 10755: 10733: 10701: 10665: 10634: 10603: 10576: 10545: 10477: 10453:Keeling, Neal (20 August 2011). 10446: 10415: 10385: 10361: 10341: 10321: 10263:Bowcott, Owen (16 August 2011). 10217: 10186: 10160: 10133: 10107: 9938: 9912: 9850: 9773: 9747: 9716: 9655: 9632: 9606: 9509: 9419: 9388: 9365: 9330: 9273: 9210: 9184: 9157: 9135: 9119:. Sikhsangat.org. Archived from 9109: 9015: 8984: 8953: 8927: 8867: 8844: 8817: 8791: 8765: 8739: 8721: 8690: 8664: 8638: 8612: 8586: 8560: 8469: 8437: 8411:Pettifor, Tom (11 August 2011). 8404: 8374: 8312:Jerome Taylor (10 August 2011). 7858: 7805: 7776:Ali, Mahir (13 September 2011). 7739: 7643: 7617: 7591: 7561: 7534: 7504: 7477: 7454: 7424: 7393: 7367: 7343: 7316: 7300:. 12 August 2011. Archived from 7168: 7112: 7086: 7060: 7003:Whitehead, Tom (9 August 2011). 6996: 6965: 6934: 6904: 6878: 6848: 6728: 6632:Howie, Michael (7 August 2011). 6595: 6569: 6539: 6282: 6113: 5395:. 16 August 2011. Archived from 5339:from the original on 7 July 2018 5327:Evans, Martin (16 August 2011). 5121:from the original on 7 July 2017 4970:. 11 August 2011. Archived from 4940:. 10 August 2011. Archived from 4542:Halliday, Josh (8 August 2011). 4369:from the original on 19 May 2015 4281:. 20 August 2011. Archived from 4056:Jackson, Peter (7 August 2011). 3822:. 10 August 2011. Archived from 3757:. 10 August 2011. Archived from 3290:(1). Thousand Oaks, California: 3212:Wilson, Peter (11 August 2011). 3134:. 12 August 2011. Archived from 2869: 2855: 2408: 1641:During the height of the riots, 1529: 1386: 1377: 1368: 1359: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1314: 1305: 1296: 1287: 1278: 1269: 1260: 1251: 1242: 1233: 1224: 1215: 1206: 1197: 1188: 1181: 602: 360: 117:Reported fatalities and injuries 112:Shops, homes, vehicles destroyed 13807:1987 Bullingdon Club photograph 13754:Boris Johnson Is a Fucking Cunt 13321:Trade and Cooperation Agreement 12894:2011 UK anti-austerity protests 12856:2009 G20 London summit protests 12789:1994 Criminal Justice Bill riot 12349:1189–1190 Massacres of the Jews 12176:from the original on 7 May 2020 11897:. 9 August 2011. Archived from 11875:. 8 August 2011. Archived from 11725:Lewis, Paul (5 February 2012). 11463:James Meikle (11 August 2011). 11406:Somaiya, Ravi (7 August 2011). 11183:Ryan, Yasmin (11 August 2011). 11030:Easton, Mark (11 August 2011). 10682:. 9 August 2011. Archived from 10673:"YouGov/The Sun Survey Results" 10552:Suroor, Hasan (7 August 2012). 10422:Batty, David (13 August 2011). 10174:from the original on 9 May 2015 9978:"Riots to cost Met police £34m" 9149:. 9 August 2011. Archived from 9053:"Fearsome fans take on rioters" 8991:Graff, Peter (11 August 2011). 8911:. 7 August 2011. Archived from 8709:from the original on 6 May 2012 8593:Bell, Melissa (9 August 2011). 8502:Faisal Hanif (11 August 2011). 7850:. 9 August 2011. Archived from 7484:Vallance, Ted (9 August 2011). 7323:Neild, Barry (10 August 2011). 6749:from the original on 1 May 2022 6735:Lammy, David (14 August 2011). 6493:. 9 August 2011. Archived from 6441:. ESPNcricinfo. 9 August 2011. 5960: 5936:Breihan, Tom (17 August 2011). 5777: 5751: 5689: 5663: 5640: 5618: 5588: 5557: 5545:from the original on 6 May 2015 5527: 5509: 5462:Rawlinson, K. (17 April 2012). 5455: 5433: 5425:. 12 March 2012. Archived from 5411: 5381: 5351: 5307:. 13 March 2012. Archived from 5293: 5270: 5187: 5157: 5133: 5102: 5011: 4978: 4956: 4924: 4894: 4839: 4775:. The Huffington Post- Canada. 4704: 4671: 4578:Josh Halliday (8 August 2011). 4535: 4502: 4477: 4443: 4297: 4241: 4213: 4185: 4169:. 7 August 2011. Archived from 4155: 4090:Muir, Hugh (5 September 2011). 4083: 4014: 3984: 3900:Taylor, Diane (29 March 2017). 3893: 3806: 3773: 3743: 3717:Lewis, Jason (13 August 2011). 3710: 3684:Gabbatt, Adam (4 August 2011). 3677: 3651: 3623: 3419: 3354: 3322: 3269: 3064:Milmo, Cahal (10 August 2011). 2725: 2688:Education Maintenance Allowance 2394:Goody Hallett and Other Stories 2243:Director of Public Prosecutions 2237: 2047:urged their viewers to protect 1950:On 8 and 9 August, people from 1674:wrote an opinion piece for the 859:Cash Converters shop in Salford 735:, who described him as a hero. 652: 455: 370:boos and cries of "murderer", " 12779:1992 Hartcliffe riot (Bristol) 12648:1974 Red Lion Square disorders 12592:1932 Old Market riot (Bristol) 11547:Lloyd, Saci (18 August 2011). 11091:Blair, Tony (20 August 2011). 10816:Guy Jackson (12 August 2011). 10515:Malik, Shiv (9 October 2011). 8824:Capital Community Foundation. 8697:Bradshaw, Tim (28 July 2011). 6888:. Essex Police. Archived from 6704:Lammy, David (7 August 2011). 6258:Lydall, Ross (9 August 2011). 5727:Emma Rowley (24 August 2011). 5696:Inglis, Lucy (8 August 2011). 5564:Daniel Binns (8 August 2011). 5109:Chazan, Guy (11 August 2011). 4985:Judd, Terri (12 August 2011). 3205: 3179: 2816:Secretary of State for Justice 2512:Poor relations with the police 2400:Suggested contributory factors 1935:shop owners along Wood Green, 1918: 1663:said the police's handling of 738:16-year-old Darrell Desuze of 285:Police shooting of Mark Duggan 13: 1: 13146:Chancellorship of Rishi Sunak 12899:2011 London anti-cuts protest 12524:1838 Battle of Bossenden Wood 12480:1816 Ely and Littleport riots 12454:1795 Revolt of the housewives 11756:Power, Nina (8 August 2011). 11375:David Lammy (7 August 2011). 10170:. Channel 4. 17 August 2011. 9283:. Channel 4. 11 August 2011. 9249:Hough, Andrew (31 May 2011). 8881:. London. 24 September 2011. 7930:Harper, Tom (9 August 2011). 7202:David Green (9 August 2011). 5784:Alison Lock (9 August 2011). 4872:"A young man shot in his car" 4509:Lewis, Paul (8 August 2011). 3457:Lewis, Paul (7 August 2011). 3276:Bridges, Lee (20 June 2012). 2982: 2789:as setting poor examples. In 2346: 2277:Sentences of four years in a 2161: 1433:called for the deployment of 943:sent him a package of games. 599:riots, not original content. 14058:21st-century riots in London 13537:Shadow Minister for the Arts 13519:Commonwealth Chair-in-Office 13262:Evacuations from Afghanistan 12764:1990 Strangeways Prison riot 12622:1958 Notting Hill race riots 12607:1943 Battle of Bamber Bridge 12539:1866 Hyde Park demonstration 12359:1355 St Scholastica Day riot 11152:Tim Adams (14 August 2011). 8648:. Londonist. 9 August 2011. 7627:. CiF Watch. 9 August 2011. 7177:"Riot Fall Out Hits Croydon" 4855:. April 2003. Archived from 4824:10.1002/bult.2012.1720380212 4427:. TechnoBlog. Archived from 4396:. TechnoBlog. Archived from 2099:in the edition of the BBC's 2095:were discussed by historian 1785:, has invited Pearce to the 1779:Hackney South and Shoreditch 1603:as a result of the death of 1105: 1094: 946: 847:Property and business damage 709:on the evening of 8 August. 524:There were reports that the 7: 13612:Friends, Voters, Countrymen 13368:July 2022 government crisis 12804:1996 Trafalgar Square riots 12602:1936 Battle of Cable Street 12434:1776 Nottingham cheese riot 11537:. Retrieved 17 August 2011. 10741:"On riots and youth bulges" 10358:, BBC News, (25 April 2012) 9859:"London and UK riots: live" 8749:. YouTube. 10 August 2011. 2896:2011 Northern Ireland riots 2848: 2803:Failure of the penal system 2009:, locals and supporters of 1859:right to keep and bear arms 1524:London Borough of Greenwich 1172:man was detained under the 915:Personal attacks and thefts 765: 565:Egyptian revolution of 2011 311:(IPCC, now replaced by the 10: 14079: 13075:Uxbridge and South Ruislip 12597:1932 National Hunger March 12587:1919 Luton Peace Day riots 12262:Videos of the riot cleanup 11636:Goy, Alex (26 June 2011). 10091:. London. 15 August 2011. 9920:"Disorder Suspects Wanted" 9560:. Sky News. Archived from 7747:"UK riots parallel France" 5788:. City A.M. Archived from 4511:"London riots – live blog" 2936:2007 Villiers-le-Bel riots 2906:2013–14 protests in Turkey 2482:"poor policing" was. In a 2279:Young Offender Institution 2083:Research conducted by the 1463:The deputy prime minister 1098: 1061:scheduled for 9 August at 622: 570: 385: 288: 13922: 13829: 13696: 13685: 13654: 13603: 13596: 13553: 13505: 13444: 13425: 13188:Northern Ireland Protocol 13134: 13099: 13090: 13063: 13015:Territorial Support Group 12987: 12971: 12959:2024 United Kingdom riots 12929: 12876: 12828: 12821: 12751: 12731:Murder of Keith Blakelock 12726:1985 Broadwater Farm riot 12671: 12663:1979 Death of Blair Peach 12635: 12582:1919 Battle of Bow Street 12564: 12557: 12462: 12389: 12341: 12272:29 September 2011 at the 12201:. Waterside Press, 2012. 11586:. Glasgow. Archived from 10334:23 September 2015 at the 10302:The Sydney Morning Herald 9652:statistics from June 2012 8860:20 September 2011 at the 7786:. Karachi. Archived from 7208:The Sydney Morning Herald 5660:, Thursday 11 August 2011 3504:. London. 6 August 2011. 3395:"England's week of riots" 3114:Retrieved 11 August 2011. 3103:19 September 2018 at the 2976:2024 United Kingdom riots 2787:the phone hacking scandal 2655:The spending cuts of the 2417:This section needs to be 2388:Australian mod rock band 2247:Crown Prosecution Service 2205:Greater Manchester Police 2156: 1799:with expenditure for the 1730:Manchester Arndale Centre 1719: 1593:death of Stephen Lawrence 149: 141: 129: 121: 116: 108: 100: 66: 54: 39: 34: 13225:Dominic Cummings scandal 12884:2010 UK student protests 12534:1865 Leeds dripping riot 12449:1793 Bristol Bridge riot 12289:Official inquiry website 12151:10.1177/0038026120915706 11984:. London. Archived from 11847:10.1177/1473225413505382 11793:, Vol. 87, No. 1 (2012). 10714:. ComRes. Archived from 10327:Blackshaw, R. v (Rev 1) 9349:The Geographical Journal 8544:. London. Archived from 8055:have met Pauline Pearce. 3659:"What does the IPCC do?" 3300:10.1177/0306396812446564 2719:University of Birmingham 2694:Unemployment and poverty 2451:leader of the Opposition 2366:Bernie Grant Arts Centre 2179:Detective Superintendent 2107:gangster and rap culture 2085:University of Nottingham 1765:video subsequently went 1695:(just outside Paris) to 1555: 1017:Third Test cricket match 981:Birmingham Coach Station 977:National Express Coaches 899:PIAS Entertainment Group 755:Inner London Crown Court 693:Richard Mannington Bowes 475:Although London employs 381: 174:, London, following the 170:The protests started in 13739:Brexit: The Uncivil War 13483:2012 Summer Paralympics 13183:EU withdrawal agreement 13121:Prorogation controversy 12658:1977 Battle of Lewisham 12490:1821 Cinderloo Uprising 12294:27 January 2013 at the 12139:The Sociological Review 12090:21 October 2012 at the 12012:23 October 2013 at the 11873:London Evening Standard 10459:Manchester Evening News 10117:. BBC. 17 August 2011. 9463:. BBC. 12 August 2011. 9338:"Researching the Riots" 9194:. BBC. 10 August 2011. 8775:. BBC. 10 August 2011. 8234:"Fifteen minutes later" 7937:London Evening Standard 6264:London Evening Standard 3755:London Evening Standard 3189:. BSkyB. Archived from 2832:University of Leicester 1895:Manchester City Council 1867:Pride of Britain Awards 1458:Prime Minister's office 1075:'s opening game of the 955:On 9 August, Croydon's 935:offered to replace his 95:and several other areas 13998:2010s crimes in London 13432: 13373:2022 cabinet reshuffle 13306:Great British Railways 13220:contract controversies 13178:2021 cabinet reshuffle 13173:2020 cabinet reshuffle 12909:Killing of Mark Duggan 12861:Death of Ian Tomlinson 12769:1991 Meadow Well riots 12643:1970 Garden House riot 12485:1819 Peterloo Massacre 12429:1769 Spitalfield riots 12397:1710 Sacheverell riots 12381:1668 Bawdy House riots 12007:"Broken Britain Riots" 11123:"The lumpen rebellion" 10922:16 August 2011 at the 10354:7 October 2018 at the 9362: 8674:. BBC. 9 August 2011. 7848:Capital FM News, Kenya 7751:The New Zealand Herald 7070:. BBC. 8 August 2011. 6609:. USA. 7 August 2011. 6290:"Coach Service Update" 6000:. UK. 11 August 2011. 5602:. UK. 10 August 2011. 4678:Jurgenson, N. (2012). 2971:1992 Los Angeles riots 2766:Moral decay at the top 2574:as causative factors. 2174: 2065:English Defence League 2007:English Defence League 1837: 1744: 1732: 1702:Writing in Pakistan's 1573: 1566:Keep Calm and Candy On 1547:First Libyan Civil War 1147: 1077:2011–12 Premier League 878: 860: 808:Wood Green Crown Court 775: 751:Central Criminal Court 702: 687:Birmingham Crown Court 644: 545: 538: 521: 495: 465: 429: 413: 397: 305:Tottenham Hale station 300: 291:Killing of Mark Duggan 176:killing of Mark Duggan 13431: 13363:Chris Pincher scandal 13338:Murder of David Amess 13328:Cost of living crisis 13277:Owen Paterson scandal 13010:Public Order Act 1986 12949:2022 Leicester unrest 12851:2005 Birmingham riots 12774:1991 Handsworth riots 12716:1985 Handsworth riots 12709:1981 Handsworth riots 12694:1981 Chapeltown riots 12612:1944 Park Street riot 12475:1816 Spa Fields riots 12402:1714 Coronation riots 12364:1381 Peasants' Revolt 12284:The View from Hackney 11499:The Belfast Telegraph 11241:registration required 10949:. UK. 9 August 2011. 10820:. AFP. Archived from 10745:Significance Magazine 10709:"London Riots Survey" 10592:12 March 2017 at the 10484:Hundal, Sunny (ed.). 9352: 9343:10 March 2013 at the 8909:The London Daily News 8731:. Sky. Archived from 7657:. UK. 9 August 2011. 7575:. UK. 9 August 2011. 7518:. UK. 9 August 2011. 7327:. CNN International. 5146:21 March 2017 at the 5025:. UK. 15 March 2012. 4906:The Belfast Telegraph 2966:George Floyd protests 2779:MPs' expenses scandal 2666:Deputy Prime Minister 2554:Camila Batmanghelidjh 2492:Independent on Sunday 2265:Trials and sentencing 2256:Sentencing guidelines 2169: 2132:average UK population 1913:Angus Brendan MacNeil 1827: 1738: 1727: 1563: 1140: 869: 858: 802:and Reece Donovan of 773: 700: 638: 543: 530: 519: 490: 463: 427: 411: 395: 298: 14063:Attacks on transport 14008:2011 fires in Europe 13854:Lara Johnson-Wheeler 13761:Can't Stop Christmas 13636:The Churchill Factor 13478:2012 Summer Olympics 13311:Integrated Rail Plan 13257:New Atlantic Charter 12914:House of Reeves fire 12868:2009 Upton Park riot 12794:1995 Manningham riot 12738:1987 Chapeltown riot 12653:1975 Chapeltown riot 12572:1907 Brown Dog riots 12470:1809 Old Price riots 12444:1791 Priestley riots 12113:2 April 2013 at the 12063:7 April 2017 at the 11590:on 30 September 2013 11529:7 April 2017 at the 10587:"The Riots – review" 10374:20 June 2017 at the 10240:. 1 September 2011. 9834:. 6 September 2011. 9644:4 April 2018 at the 9493:. 3 September 2011. 9377:4 April 2018 at the 9123:on 30 September 2011 8735:on 11 February 2012. 7854:on 18 February 2013. 7790:on 15 September 2011 7304:on 29 September 2011 6836:on 30 September 2011 6553:. UK. 30 June 2011. 6296:on 27 September 2011 5652:7 April 2017 at the 5541:. 29 November 2012. 4307:The Economic Journal 4279:West Midlands Police 3761:on 19 September 2012 2931:2008–2009 Oslo riots 2916:2013 Stockholm riots 2901:2016 riots in Sweden 2745:Criminal opportunism 2593:An article from the 2352:The Tricycle Theatre 2303:Lord Justice Leveson 1787:Houses of Parliament 1728:'Peace wall' in the 1685:2005 riots in France 1585:Broadwater Farm riot 1456:A spokesman for the 1397:class=notpageimage| 1159:BlackBerry Messenger 961:Transport for London 928:PlayStation Portable 881:On 8 August 2011, a 683:hit-and-run incident 534:enfield town station 526:BlackBerry Messenger 512:BlackBerry Messenger 352:Broadwater Farm riot 71:Several boroughs of 13916:(great-grandmother) 13910:(great-grandfather) 13904:(great-grandfather) 13836:Allegra Mostyn-Owen 13715:When Boris Met Dave 13620:Seventy-Two Virgins 13411:International trips 13404:Political positions 13390:Resignation Honours 13289:Levelling-up policy 13200:government response 13161:October 2021 budget 12979:1981 Scarman report 12954:2024 Harehills riot 12846:2001 Harehills riot 12836:2001 Bradford riots 12759:1990 Poll Tax riots 12704:1981 Moss Side riot 12617:1945 Aldershot riot 12342:12th–17th centuries 12067:, Greenslade Blog, 11982:The Daily Telegraph 11644:on 1 September 2011 11260:The Daily Telegraph 10824:on 18 February 2014 10600:, 23 November 2011. 9863:The Daily Telegraph 9786:The Daily Telegraph 9729:The Daily Telegraph 9650:Ministry of Justice 9590:. 24 October 2011. 9538:on 19 December 2014 9432:The Daily Telegraph 9383:Ministry of Justice 9351:, Vol. 179, No. 1: 9255:The Daily Telegraph 9168:. Sikhsiyasat.net. 9058:The Daily Telegraph 9025:Enfield Independent 8966:The Daily Telegraph 8879:The Daily Telegraph 8568:"Disunited kingdom" 8542:The Daily Telegraph 8483:on 6 September 2012 8107:The Daily Telegraph 8076:The Daily Telegraph 8072:"Raised to rampage" 7971:The Daily Telegraph 7902:The Daily Telegraph 7818:The Daily Telegraph 7516:The Daily Telegraph 7357:www.telegraph.co.uk 7009:The Daily Telegraph 6978:The Daily Telegraph 6638:The Daily Telegraph 6062:The Daily Telegraph 5733:The Daily Telegraph 5677:on 24 November 2011 5491:The Daily Telegraph 5333:The Daily Telegraph 5139:Press Association, 4974:on 17 October 2013. 4968:Your Local Guardian 4944:on 24 November 2011 4485:"UK RIOT LOCATIONS" 4362:The Daily Telegraph 4167:The Harrow Observer 3724:The Daily Telegraph 3035:The Daily Telegraph 2941:2006 Brussels riots 2792:The Financial Times 2643:The Daily Telegraph 2271:Ministry of Justice 2224:Arrests and charges 2201:Metropolitan Police 2127:Ministry of Justice 1869:. Conservative MEP 1677:New York Daily News 1665:Mark Duggan's death 1654:revised the story. 1616:The Daily Telegraph 1545:Gaddafi during the 1437:. In December 2010 993:Football League Cup 870:The remains of the 833:London Fire Brigade 759:Mr Justice Saunders 648:Deaths and injuries 586:The Daily Telegraph 336:blank-firing pistol 329:hollow-point bullet 14053:Looting in England 14043:August 2011 crimes 13983:2011 England riots 13506:Other offices held 13433: 13333:Rwanda asylum plan 13168:List of departures 12904:2011 England riots 12784:1993 Welling riots 12743:1989 Dewsbury riot 12699:1981 Toxteth riots 12684:1981 England riots 12679:1980 St Pauls riot 12627:1968 student riots 12544:1887 Bloody Sunday 12529:1842 Pottery Riots 12512:1831 Bristol riots 12407:1715 England riots 12354:The revolt of 1196 11810:. 16 August 2011. 11412:The New York Times 11288:. 10 August 2011. 11129:. 31 August 2011. 11068:. 11 August 2011. 10721:on 17 October 2012 10680:today.yougov.co.uk 10583:Michael Billington 10560:. Chennai, India. 10490:Liberal Conspiracy 10399:. 19 August 2011. 10338:, 18 October 2011. 10305:. 17 August 2011. 10014:. 25 August 2011. 9564:on 12 January 2012 9093:. 10 August 2011. 9061:. 10 August 2011. 9029:. 10 August 2011. 8828:. Justgiving.com. 8453:. 14 August 2011. 8135:(12 August 2011). 8070:(10 August 2011). 8032:(16 August 2011). 7944:on 14 January 2013 7721:The New York Times 7683:(10 August 2011). 7473:on 12 August 2011. 7461:Fletcher, Martin. 7359:. 11 August 2011. 7270:. 10 August 2011. 7240:. 15 August 2011. 7152:. 10 August 2011. 6828:Streatham Guardian 6523:. 11 August 2011. 6497:on 21 October 2013 6270:on 9 December 2012 6030:. 12 August 2011. 5792:on 17 January 2012 5636:on 21 August 2011. 5630:London-fire.gov.uk 5365:. 15 August 2011. 5289:on 7 October 2011. 5229:. 12 August 2011. 5171:. 11 August 2011. 5055:. 10 August 2011. 4419:Benedetti, Winda. 4139:. 11 August 2011. 3844:. 19 August 2011. 3826:on 10 August 2011. 3403:. 15 August 2011. 3163:. 12 August 2011. 3138:on 28 August 2011. 2951:2001 England riots 2921:2010 Rinkeby riots 2911:2013 Trappes riots 2668:and leader of the 2621:revolutionary wave 2568:social deprivation 2506:youth bulge theory 2335:was criticised by 2211:Research in Motion 2175: 2119:Dreda Say Mitchell 1838: 1834:Heroine of Hackney 1763:Heroine of Hackney 1745: 1733: 1714:1981 England riots 1672:Theodore Dalrymple 1578:1995 Brixton riots 1574: 1542:Gaddafi government 1148: 1034:The international 969:London Underground 879: 861: 776: 747:Magistrates' Court 719:St Mary's Hospital 703: 645: 549:Research in Motion 546: 522: 496: 491:Burnt-out cars in 466: 443:Greater Manchester 430: 414: 398: 301: 89:Greater Manchester 58:6–11 August 2011 ( 35:2011 England riots 13960: 13959: 13914:H. T. Lowe-Porter 13872:Charlotte Fawcett 13820:Dead cat strategy 13802: 13801: 13681: 13680: 13628:The Dream of Rome 13468:2011 London riots 13398: 13397: 13195:COVID-19 pandemic 13156:March 2021 budget 13023: 13022: 12967: 12966: 12841:2001 Oldham riots 12817: 12816: 12799:1995 Brixton riot 12721:1985 Brixton riot 12689:1981 Brixton riot 12549:1896 Newlyn riots 12507:1831 reform riots 12439:1780 Gordon riots 12376:1517 Evil May Day 12016:, 16 August 2011. 11953:. 9 August 2011. 11901:on 11 August 2011 11344:The Vancouver Sun 11323:on 27 August 2011 10932:, 10 August 2011. 10907:Richard Seymour, 10793:. Democracy now. 10751:on 15 April 2013. 10689:on 11 August 2011 9926:on 10 August 2011 9669:. 7 August 2011. 9620:. 24 October 2011 9618:Belfast Telegraph 9230:on 12 August 2011 9027:, 10 August 2011" 8915:on 4 October 2011 8386:, 10 August 2011" 8040:. New York City. 7977:on 10 August 2011 7753:. 17 March 2011. 7438:. 16 April 2011. 7298:Greenwich Council 7100:on 7 October 2011 7044:. 7 August 2011. 6918:. 9 August 2011. 6892:on 28 August 2011 6862:. 9 August 2011. 6415:. 9 August 2011. 6385:. 8 August 2011. 6355:. 8 August 2011. 6322:. 8 August 2011. 6164:Press Association 5854:. 9 August 2011. 5451:on 30 March 2012. 5445:West London Today 5429:on 15 March 2012. 5311:on 16 March 2012. 4908:. 9 August 2011. 4859:on 25 April 2012. 4697:10.3390/fi4010083 4365:. 9 August 2011. 4333:. 9 August 2011. 4173:on 4 October 2011 3998:. 7 August 2011. 3968:. 5 August 2011. 3665:on 4 October 2011 3607:. 8 August 2011. 3539:. 5 August 2011. 3435:. 25 August 2011. 3370:. 7 November 2011 3338:. 7 August 2011. 3257:. 24 October 2011 3193:on 11 August 2011 2961:1981 Brixton riot 2946:2005 French riots 2926:2009 French riots 2686:Scrapping of the 2466:Reading the Riots 2438: 2437: 2375:Iain Duncan Smith 1828:Still image from 1710:Margaret Thatcher 1505:Macpherson Report 1174:Serious Crime Act 1073:Tottenham Hotspur 1005:Charlton Athletic 987:Sporting fixtures 965:London Overground 895:independent music 677:On 10 August, in 661:was shot dead in 636: 317:Operation Trident 180:double-decker bus 157: 156: 18:2011 London riots 16:(Redirected from 14070: 14018:Arson in England 13908:Elias Avery Lowe 13694: 13693: 13601: 13600: 13473:London Cable Car 13439: 13420: 13413: 13406: 13097: 13096: 13050: 13043: 13036: 13027: 13026: 12826: 12825: 12562: 12561: 12519:1832 Days of May 12495:1830 Swing riots 12369:Treason Act 1381 12336:Riots in England 12330: 12323: 12316: 12307: 12306: 12254:Coverage at the 12241:Coverage at the 12233:Coverage at the 12186: 12185: 12183: 12181: 12175: 12136: 12127: 12118: 12105: 12099: 12078: 12072: 12056:Roy Greenslade, 12054: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12043: 12023: 12017: 12004: 11998: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11988:on 25 March 2016 11973: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11943: 11937: 11936: 11934: 11932: 11917: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11906: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11865: 11859: 11858: 11830: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11819: 11800: 11794: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11753: 11747: 11746: 11744: 11742: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11691: 11685: 11684: 11682: 11680: 11660: 11654: 11653: 11651: 11649: 11640:. 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Archived from 6255: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6166:. 2 March 2012. 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6053: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5900: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5884:. 18 August 2011 5874: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5811: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5667: 5661: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5523:on 5 March 2012. 5519:. Archived from 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5447:. 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Archived from 4734: 4723: 4722: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4642: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4575: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4539: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4400:on 20 April 2012 4388:Popkins, Helen. 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4201:. 11 August 2011 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4127: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4073: 4053: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4030:. 23 July 2012. 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3785: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3639:. 10 August 2011 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3564: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3492: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3454: 3437: 3436: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3391: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3283:Race & Class 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3245: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3151: 3140: 3139: 3124: 3115: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2992: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2865: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2783:bankers' bonuses 2633:Family breakdown 2564:social exclusion 2545:Social exclusion 2539: 2433: 2430: 2424: 2412: 2411: 2404: 2333:criminal records 2318:Attorney General 2245:and Head of the 2059:On 10 August in 2019:Sikh communities 1888:Clapham Junction 1797:relative poverty 1621: 1470:London's mayor, 1447:Northern Ireland 1390: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1372: 1371: 1363: 1362: 1354: 1353: 1345: 1344: 1336: 1335: 1327: 1326: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1300: 1299: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1281: 1273: 1272: 1264: 1263: 1255: 1254: 1246: 1245: 1237: 1236: 1228: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1210: 1209: 1201: 1200: 1192: 1191: 1185: 637: 441:and to parts of 44: 32: 31: 21: 14078: 14077: 14073: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14068: 14067: 14023:Arson in London 13988:2011 in England 13963: 13962: 13961: 13956: 13946:Ken Livingstone 13918: 13866:Stanley Johnson 13825: 13798: 13698: 13688: 13677: 13650: 13592: 13549: 13501: 13498:Jennifer Arcuri 13463:New Routemaster 13440: 13434: 13423: 13416: 13409: 13402: 13394: 13137: 13130: 13102: 13086: 13081:Mayor of London 13059: 13054: 13024: 13019: 13000:Riots in London 12983: 12963: 12925: 12872: 12813: 12747: 12667: 12631: 12577:1919 Epsom riot 12553: 12458: 12419:1766 food riots 12385: 12337: 12334: 12296:Wayback Machine 12274:Wayback Machine 12235:Daily Telegraph 12216: 12197:Daniel Briggs. 12194: 12192:Further reading 12189: 12179: 12177: 12173: 12145:(6): 1386–402. 12134: 12128: 12121: 12115:Wayback Machine 12106: 12102: 12098:, 10 June 2012. 12092:Wayback Machine 12079: 12075: 12071:, 31 July 2012. 12065:Wayback Machine 12055: 12051: 12041: 12039: 12024: 12020: 12014:Wayback Machine 12005: 12001: 11991: 11989: 11974: 11970: 11960: 11958: 11945: 11944: 11940: 11930: 11928: 11919: 11918: 11914: 11904: 11902: 11889: 11888: 11884: 11879:on 4 June 2012. 11867: 11866: 11862: 11831: 11827: 11817: 11815: 11802: 11801: 11797: 11791:Justice Matters 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11754: 11750: 11740: 11738: 11723: 11719: 11709: 11707: 11692: 11688: 11678: 11676: 11661: 11657: 11647: 11645: 11634: 11630: 11620: 11618: 11617:on 25 July 2011 11607: 11603: 11593: 11591: 11576: 11572: 11562: 11560: 11545: 11541: 11531:Wayback Machine 11522: 11518: 11508: 11506: 11493: 11492: 11488: 11478: 11476: 11461: 11457: 11447: 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10532: 10530: 10513: 10509: 10499: 10497: 10482: 10478: 10468: 10466: 10451: 10447: 10437: 10435: 10420: 10416: 10406: 10404: 10391: 10390: 10386: 10380:The Independent 10376:Wayback Machine 10366: 10362: 10356:Wayback Machine 10346: 10342: 10336:Wayback Machine 10326: 10322: 10312: 10310: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10280: 10278: 10261: 10257: 10247: 10245: 10232: 10231: 10227: 10222: 10218: 10208: 10206: 10191: 10187: 10177: 10175: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10151: 10149: 10138: 10134: 10124: 10122: 10113: 10112: 10108: 10098: 10096: 10083: 10082: 10075: 10054: 10050: 10035: 10031: 10021: 10019: 10006: 10005: 10001: 9991: 9989: 9982:The Independent 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9943: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9886: 9882: 9872: 9870: 9855: 9851: 9841: 9839: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9811: 9809: 9778: 9774: 9764: 9762: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9721: 9717: 9707: 9705: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9661: 9660: 9656: 9646:Wayback Machine 9637: 9633: 9623: 9621: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9597: 9595: 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8639: 8629: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8599:Washington Post 8591: 8587: 8577: 8575: 8572:Financial Times 8566: 8565: 8561: 8551: 8549: 8548:on 7 April 2016 8534: 8527: 8517: 8515: 8500: 8496: 8486: 8484: 8475: 8474: 8470: 8460: 8458: 8443: 8442: 8438: 8428: 8426: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8393: 8392:on 4 March 2016 8380: 8379: 8375: 8365: 8363: 8348: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8318:The Independent 8310: 8299: 8286: 8284: 8276:Hackney Gazette 8267: 8263: 8249: 8247: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8199: 8195: 8185: 8183: 8166: 8162: 8152: 8150: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8065: 8061: 8047: 8045: 8038:Huffington Post 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 7994: 7990: 7980: 7978: 7965: 7964: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7928: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7894: 7890: 7880: 7878: 7863: 7859: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7810: 7806: 7793: 7791: 7774: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7745: 7744: 7740: 7730: 7728: 7713: 7704: 7694: 7692: 7678: 7674: 7664: 7662: 7655:The Independent 7649: 7648: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7539: 7535: 7525: 7523: 7510: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7482: 7478: 7459: 7455: 7445: 7443: 7430: 7429: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7321: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7184: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7118: 7117: 7113: 7103: 7101: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7077: 7075: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7036: 7035: 7028: 7018: 7016: 7001: 6997: 6987: 6985: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6939: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6867: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6824: 6823: 6819: 6809: 6807: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6743:The Independent 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6702: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6666: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6607:Huffington Post 6601: 6600: 6596: 6586: 6584: 6583:on 2 April 2012 6575: 6574: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6545: 6544: 6540: 6530: 6528: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6472: 6471:. 9 August 2011 6463: 6462: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6392: 6390: 6377: 6376: 6372: 6362: 6360: 6347: 6346: 6339: 6329: 6327: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6299: 6297: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6256: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6220: 6216: 6206: 6204: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6054: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6028:Financial Times 6022: 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5992: 5991: 5987: 5977: 5975: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5942:Pitchfork Media 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5851:Pitchfork Media 5844: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5812: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5765:on 1 March 2012 5757: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5654:Wayback Machine 5645: 5641: 5624: 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4557: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4468: 4466: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4285:on 28 July 2014 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4129: 4128: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4088: 4084: 4071: 4069: 4054: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4027:The Independent 4020: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3565: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3529: 3528: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3494: 3493: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3455: 3440: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3393: 3392: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3292:SAGE Publishing 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3247: 3246: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3170: 3168: 3153: 3152: 3143: 3126: 3125: 3118: 3105:Wayback Machine 3096: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3070:The Independent 3062: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2956:Ferguson unrest 2875: 2868: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2841:In the article 2828: 2812:Lord Chancellor 2805: 2771:Daily Telegraph 2768: 2747: 2728: 2711: 2709:Rioting for fun 2696: 2653: 2651:Government cuts 2638:Christina Odone 2635: 2626:Financial Times 2559:The Independent 2547: 2537: 2522:stop and search 2514: 2460:A wide-ranging 2434: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2349: 2291:Court of Appeal 2267: 2258: 2240: 2235: 2226: 2218:The Independent 2193:plastic bullets 2164: 2159: 2091:The effects of 2074: 1921: 1881:Prime Minister 1875:Financial Times 1815:hip-hop culture 1722: 1660:The Independent 1619: 1589:Keith Blakelock 1558: 1532: 1494:Croydon Central 1485:Prime Minister 1443:Ken Livingstone 1403: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1383: 1382: 1374: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1347: 1346: 1338: 1337: 1329: 1328: 1320: 1319: 1311: 1310: 1302: 1301: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1283: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1257: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1221: 1220: 1212: 1211: 1203: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1108: 1103: 1097: 1085:Cheltenham Town 1079:season against 1051:Wembley Stadium 1013:West Ham United 989: 949: 917: 906:Financial Times 872:House of Reeves 849: 843:were attacked. 837:fire appliances 768: 730:Mayor of London 695: 675: 655: 650: 627: 625: 605: 573: 514: 458: 390: 384: 367:Broadwater Farm 363: 344:overpenetration 293: 287: 275:Great Recession 96: 50: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14076: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13958: 13957: 13955: 13954: 13948: 13941: 13940: 13932: 13923: 13920: 13919: 13917: 13911: 13905: 13899: 13893: 13890:Edmund Fawcett 13887: 13881: 13878:Rachel Johnson 13875: 13869: 13863: 13857: 13851: 13848:Carrie Johnson 13845: 13842:Marina Wheeler 13839: 13833: 13831: 13827: 13826: 13824: 13823: 13816: 13813:Greased piglet 13809: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13797: 13796: 13788: 13780: 13772: 13768:Spitting Image 13764: 13757: 13750: 13743: 13735: 13727: 13719: 13711: 13702: 13700: 13691: 13683: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13667: 13658: 13656: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13648: 13640: 13632: 13624: 13616: 13607: 13605: 13598: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13590: 13584: 13578: 13572: 13566: 13559: 13557: 13551: 13550: 13548: 13547: 13540: 13534: 13528: 13522: 13516: 13509: 13507: 13503: 13502: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13453:"Boris Island" 13450: 13448: 13442: 13441: 13426: 13424: 13422: 13421: 13414: 13407: 13399: 13396: 13395: 13393: 13392: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13380: 13375: 13365: 13360: 13358:2022 G7 summit 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13324: 13323: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13302: 13301: 13296: 13286: 13285: 13284: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13252:2021 G7 summit 13249: 13244: 13239: 13238: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13192: 13191: 13190: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13164: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13142: 13140: 13132: 13131: 13129: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13116:2019 G7 summit 13113: 13107: 13105: 13094: 13088: 13087: 13085: 13084: 13078: 13071: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13053: 13052: 13045: 13038: 13030: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13017: 13012: 13007: 13002: 12997: 12995:Riots in Leeds 12991: 12989: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12981: 12975: 12973: 12969: 12968: 12965: 12964: 12962: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12945: 12944: 12933: 12931: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12880: 12878: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12870: 12865: 12864: 12863: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12832: 12830: 12823: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12755: 12753: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12712: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12681: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12639: 12637: 12633: 12632: 12630: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12568: 12566: 12559: 12555: 12554: 12552: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12504: 12503: 12502: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12466: 12464: 12460: 12459: 12457: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12404: 12399: 12393: 12391: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12372: 12371: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12345: 12343: 12339: 12338: 12333: 12332: 12325: 12318: 12310: 12304: 12303: 12298: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12264: 12259: 12251: 12246: 12238: 12230: 12222: 12215: 12214:External links 12212: 12211: 12210: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12187: 12119: 12100: 12081:Marc Wadsworth 12073: 12049: 12018: 11999: 11968: 11938: 11912: 11882: 11860: 11841:(3): 193–206. 11825: 11795: 11779: 11748: 11717: 11686: 11655: 11628: 11601: 11570: 11539: 11516: 11486: 11455: 11429: 11398: 11367: 11349: 11334: 11303: 11277: 11246: 11206: 11175: 11144: 11114: 11083: 11053: 11022: 10995: 10964: 10934: 10929:Democracy Now! 10900: 10869: 10835: 10808: 10781: 10754: 10732: 10700: 10664: 10633: 10602: 10575: 10544: 10507: 10476: 10445: 10414: 10384: 10360: 10340: 10329:EWCA Crim 2312 10320: 10288: 10255: 10225: 10216: 10185: 10159: 10132: 10106: 10073: 10048: 10029: 9999: 9968: 9937: 9911: 9880: 9849: 9819: 9772: 9746: 9715: 9684: 9654: 9631: 9605: 9575: 9549: 9517: 9508: 9478: 9449: 9418: 9387: 9364: 9329: 9298: 9272: 9241: 9209: 9183: 9156: 9134: 9108: 9076: 9044: 9014: 8983: 8952: 8926: 8896: 8866: 8843: 8816: 8790: 8764: 8738: 8720: 8689: 8663: 8637: 8611: 8585: 8559: 8525: 8494: 8468: 8436: 8403: 8373: 8335: 8297: 8261: 8224: 8207:The Australian 8193: 8160: 8124: 8093: 8059: 8021: 7988: 7955: 7919: 7888: 7857: 7835: 7804: 7768: 7738: 7702: 7672: 7642: 7616: 7590: 7560: 7533: 7503: 7488:. Al Jazeera. 7476: 7453: 7436:Channel 4 News 7423: 7392: 7366: 7342: 7315: 7285: 7255: 7225: 7194: 7167: 7137: 7111: 7085: 7059: 7026: 6995: 6964: 6933: 6903: 6877: 6847: 6817: 6791: 6760: 6727: 6691: 6655: 6624: 6594: 6568: 6538: 6508: 6482: 6456: 6430: 6400: 6370: 6337: 6307: 6281: 6247: 6214: 6181: 6145: 6112: 6079: 6045: 6015: 5985: 5959: 5928: 5895: 5869: 5837: 5803: 5776: 5750: 5719: 5688: 5662: 5639: 5617: 5587: 5556: 5526: 5508: 5477: 5454: 5432: 5410: 5380: 5350: 5314: 5292: 5283:Ealing Gazette 5269: 5244: 5212: 5199:On Demand News 5186: 5156: 5132: 5101: 5070: 5040: 5010: 4977: 4955: 4923: 4893: 4862: 4838: 4790: 4760: 4724: 4703: 4670: 4634: 4601: 4567: 4534: 4501: 4476: 4442: 4411: 4380: 4348: 4313: 4296: 4266: 4240: 4212: 4184: 4154: 4113: 4082: 4045: 4013: 3996:Channel 4 News 3983: 3951: 3920: 3892: 3859: 3842:Channel 4 News 3829: 3819:The Australian 3805: 3772: 3742: 3709: 3676: 3650: 3622: 3590: 3554: 3519: 3482: 3438: 3418: 3381: 3353: 3321: 3268: 3235: 3218:The Australian 3204: 3178: 3141: 3116: 3087: 3053: 3020: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2886:Broken Britain 2882: 2881: 2880: 2866: 2863:England portal 2850: 2847: 2827: 2824: 2808:Kenneth Clarke 2804: 2801: 2767: 2764: 2746: 2743: 2727: 2724: 2710: 2707: 2695: 2692: 2681:Tottenham Hale 2652: 2649: 2634: 2631: 2546: 2543: 2513: 2510: 2443:socio-economic 2436: 2435: 2416: 2414: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2348: 2345: 2322:Dominic Grieve 2266: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2233:Justice system 2231: 2225: 2222: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2073: 2072:Race relations 2070: 1920: 1917: 1905:Outer Hebrides 1830:Pauline Pearce 1792:The Australian 1789:. Speaking to 1759:Pauline Pearce 1721: 1718: 1647:Hasidic Jewish 1605:Smiley Culture 1597:New Cross Fire 1557: 1554: 1531: 1528: 1516:Broken Britain 1431:Patrick Mercer 1395: 1394: 1385: 1384: 1376: 1375: 1367: 1366: 1358: 1357: 1349: 1348: 1340: 1339: 1331: 1330: 1322: 1321: 1313: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1295: 1294: 1286: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1250: 1249: 1241: 1240: 1232: 1231: 1223: 1222: 1214: 1213: 1205: 1204: 1196: 1195: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1107: 1104: 1096: 1093: 1039:friendly match 1009:Crystal Palace 1001:Bristol Rovers 988: 985: 948: 945: 916: 913: 848: 845: 793:, 20-year-old 767: 764: 694: 691: 674: 671: 654: 651: 649: 646: 624: 621: 604: 601: 572: 569: 513: 510: 505:Channel 4 News 457: 454: 383: 380: 362: 359: 289:Main article: 286: 283: 172:Tottenham Hale 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 70: 68: 64: 63: 56: 52: 51: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14075: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14013:Arson in 2011 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13943: 13942: 13938: 13937: 13933: 13931: 13930: 13925: 13924: 13921: 13915: 13912: 13909: 13906: 13903: 13900: 13898:(grandfather) 13897: 13896:James Fawcett 13894: 13891: 13888: 13885: 13882: 13879: 13876: 13873: 13870: 13867: 13864: 13861: 13858: 13855: 13852: 13849: 13846: 13844:(second wife) 13843: 13840: 13837: 13834: 13832: 13828: 13821: 13817: 13814: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13804: 13794: 13793: 13789: 13786: 13785: 13781: 13778: 13777: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13765: 13762: 13758: 13755: 13751: 13748: 13744: 13741: 13740: 13736: 13733: 13732: 13728: 13725: 13724: 13720: 13717: 13716: 13712: 13709: 13708: 13704: 13703: 13701: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13684: 13673: 13672: 13668: 13665: 13664: 13660: 13659: 13657: 13655:About Johnson 13653: 13646: 13645: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13633: 13630: 13629: 13625: 13622: 13621: 13617: 13614: 13613: 13609: 13608: 13606: 13602: 13599: 13595: 13588: 13585: 13582: 13579: 13576: 13573: 13570: 13567: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13545: 13541: 13538: 13535: 13532: 13529: 13526: 13523: 13520: 13517: 13514: 13511: 13510: 13508: 13504: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13488:Garden Bridge 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13458:"Boris Bikes" 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13447: 13443: 13438: 13430: 13419: 13415: 13412: 13408: 13405: 13401: 13400: 13391: 13388: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13370: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13322: 13319: 13318: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13291: 13290: 13287: 13283: 13280: 13279: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13185: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13144: 13143: 13141: 13139: 13133: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13108: 13106: 13104: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13089: 13082: 13079: 13076: 13072: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13062: 13058: 13057:Boris Johnson 13051: 13046: 13044: 13039: 13037: 13032: 13031: 13028: 13016: 13013: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13003: 13001: 12998: 12996: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12986: 12980: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12970: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12943: 12940: 12939: 12938: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12928: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12906: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12875: 12869: 12866: 12862: 12859: 12858: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12824: 12820: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12750: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12686: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12670: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12638: 12634: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12563: 12560: 12556: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12513: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12505: 12501: 12500:Captain Swing 12498: 12497: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12467: 12465: 12461: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12394: 12392: 12388: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12366: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12346: 12344: 12340: 12331: 12326: 12324: 12319: 12317: 12312: 12311: 12308: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12293: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12257: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12244: 12239: 12237: 12236: 12231: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12217: 12208: 12207:1-9043-8088-3 12204: 12200: 12196: 12195: 12172: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12156: 12152: 12148: 12144: 12140: 12133: 12126: 12124: 12117:, The Latest. 12116: 12112: 12109: 12104: 12097: 12093: 12089: 12086: 12082: 12077: 12070: 12066: 12062: 12059: 12053: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12022: 12015: 12011: 12008: 12003: 11987: 11983: 11979: 11972: 11956: 11952: 11948: 11942: 11926: 11922: 11916: 11900: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11878: 11874: 11870: 11864: 11856: 11852: 11848: 11844: 11840: 11836: 11835:Youth Justice 11829: 11813: 11809: 11805: 11799: 11792: 11788: 11783: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11752: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11721: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11690: 11674: 11670: 11666: 11659: 11643: 11639: 11632: 11616: 11612: 11609:David Lammy. 11605: 11589: 11585: 11581: 11574: 11558: 11554: 11550: 11543: 11536: 11532: 11528: 11525: 11520: 11504: 11500: 11496: 11490: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11459: 11443: 11439: 11433: 11417: 11413: 11409: 11402: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11371: 11363: 11359: 11353: 11346:. p. B4. 11345: 11338: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11307: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11250: 11242: 11227: 11223: 11222: 11217: 11210: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11179: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11148: 11132: 11128: 11124: 11118: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11087: 11071: 11067: 11063: 11057: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11026: 11010: 11006: 10999: 10983: 10979: 10975: 10968: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10938: 10931: 10930: 10925: 10921: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10904: 10888: 10884: 10880: 10873: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10842: 10840: 10823: 10819: 10812: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10769: 10765: 10758: 10750: 10746: 10742: 10736: 10717: 10710: 10704: 10685: 10681: 10674: 10668: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10606: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10588: 10584: 10579: 10563: 10559: 10555: 10548: 10541: 10528: 10524: 10523: 10518: 10511: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10480: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10449: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10418: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10370: 10364: 10357: 10353: 10350: 10344: 10337: 10333: 10330: 10324: 10308: 10304: 10303: 10298: 10292: 10276: 10272: 10271: 10266: 10259: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10229: 10220: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10189: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10147: 10143: 10136: 10120: 10116: 10110: 10094: 10090: 10089:The Telegraph 10086: 10080: 10078: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10059: 10052: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10017: 10013: 10009: 10003: 9987: 9983: 9979: 9972: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9941: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9884: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9853: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9823: 9807: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9776: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9719: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9688: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9658: 9651: 9647: 9643: 9640: 9635: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9534: 9527: 9521: 9512: 9496: 9492: 9491:The Economist 9488: 9482: 9466: 9462: 9456: 9454: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9422: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9391: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9373: 9368: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9350: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9333: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9302: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9245: 9229: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9213: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9171: 9167: 9160: 9152: 9148: 9144: 9138: 9122: 9118: 9112: 9096: 9092: 9091: 9086: 9080: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9032: 9028: 9026: 9018: 9002: 8998: 8994: 8987: 8971: 8967: 8963: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8930: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8900: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8870: 8863: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8847: 8831: 8827: 8820: 8804: 8800: 8794: 8778: 8774: 8768: 8752: 8748: 8742: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8693: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8651: 8647: 8641: 8625: 8621: 8615: 8600: 8596: 8589: 8573: 8569: 8563: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8530: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8498: 8482: 8478: 8472: 8456: 8452: 8451: 8450:Sunday Mirror 8446: 8440: 8424: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8407: 8391: 8387: 8385: 8384:The Telegraph 8377: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8340: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8308: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8294: 8282: 8278: 8277: 8272: 8265: 8258: 8245: 8241: 8240: 8239:The Spectator 8235: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8197: 8181: 8177: 8176: 8175:Sunday Mirror 8171: 8164: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8134: 8133:Williams, Zoe 8128: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8097: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8063: 8056: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8025: 8009: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7976: 7972: 7968: 7962: 7960: 7943: 7939: 7938: 7933: 7926: 7924: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7861: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7789: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7772: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7676: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7646: 7630: 7626: 7620: 7604: 7601:. CiF Watch. 7600: 7594: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7480: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7457: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7411: 7407: 7406:The Telegraph 7403: 7396: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7353: 7346: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7198: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7073: 7069: 7063: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7014: 7010: 7006: 6999: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6968: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6907: 6891: 6887: 6881: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6835: 6831: 6829: 6821: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6764: 6748: 6744: 6739: 6731: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6542: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6512: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6470: 6466: 6460: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6374: 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