2012–2014 Salvadoran gang truce

974:

registered which seemed to be gang related, and the homicide rate continued to steadily increase throughout May and June 2013. In the first three days of July 2013, 56 homicides were registered. In the first six days of August 2013, 69 homicides were registered, with 29 of them being linked to gang violence; by late August, 208 homicides were registered in the month, a 45 percent increase from August 2012. A total of 176 homicides were registered in the first 17 days of November 2013, compared to only 91 homicides recorded in the same period in November 2012. According to the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML), the Salvadoran government forensic institute, a total of 2,492 homicides were registered in 2013, a 4 percent decrease from 2012 for an average of 7.1 homicides per day. By the end of the truce in May 2014, the country was experiencing an average of 14 homicides per day. El Salvador recorded 3,912 homicides in 2014.

939:, a deputy of the Legislative Assembly from ARENA, recordings and documents leaked in January 2014 allegedly revealed that the government authorized payments to the mediators and the families of gang leaders, as well as gave benefits to incarcerated gang leaders such as nights out of prison, prostitutes, and luxury goods. In 2016, MS-13 released YouTube videos and audio recordings which allegedly showed politicians of both ARENA and the FMLN negotiating with gangs, offering them identity cards and financial support in exchange for the gangs supporting their political campaigns prior to the 2014 presidential election. On 4 June 2021, Muyshondt was arrested for allegedly engaging in electoral fraud and negotiating with the gangs to vote for ARENA in 2014. On 11 November 2022, Quijano himself was ordered to stand trial for allegedly offering the gangs favors in exchange for them voting for him in the 2014 election. 1223:

logic or rational reason for this playing into the hands of the political discussion: 'more police, less crime, eliminating the scourge and the more we kill, the better,' that unfortunately is more popular than building community centers and community policing and focused deterrence as a strategy". Mijango stood trial in August 2017 in the so-called "Truce Trial" but was acquitted as the court ruled that he was "merely following orders". He was acquitted for a second time in May 2019 after prosecutors appealed the case. He was, however, sentenced to 13 years imprisonment in 2018 for conspiring with gang members to extort a food production and distribution company. Mijango died on 28 August 2023 while imprisoned.

1261:

crimes". Following a series of protests against his arrest, Rodríguez was granted "conditional liberty" on 4 August while his legal proceedings continued, but a judge ordered him to return to prison on 6 August. Martínez stated that he would "reveal the truth" of the truce and believed that Rodríguez's arrest would "mark the beginning of revelations of illegality in the truce process". Rodríguez was convicted on 4 September 2014 for bringing cell phones and SIM cards to prisoners and for asking prison authorities to lower the strength of prison phone signal jammers. He was sentenced to serve 30 months in prison, but was released the same day and deported to

443: 1227:"knew of this process for three years" but "did not escape". Munguía's criminal trial began on 26 April 2023, being charged with illicit negotiation and failure to perform his duties. He faces up to eleven years imprisonment if convicted. The attorney general solicited twenty years imprisonment for Munguía. On 29 May 2023, Munguía was sentenced to 18 years imprisonment—8 years for illicit association, 6 years for failure to perform his duties, and 4 years for committing arbitrary actions. Munguía claimed that there were irregularities present during his trial. He added that he believed his sentencing was "a political condemnation" (" 761:. According to Munguía, the mayor and police chief of La Unión stated that the truce was not in force in the city with 31 homicides being recorded since the start of the year. In April 2013, Salvadoran officials requested financial assistance from the United States to fund the truce, which they estimated as requiring US$ 150 million. In June 2013, the US announced that it would spend US$ 91.2 million to fund El Salvador's security programs, but not the truce. In regards to the US, Mijango stated that "the US has not only decided to maintain their distance, they have begun a strong campaign to try to destroy this process". 1202:") to those who collaborated in the truce. The attorney general solicited 16 years imprisonment for Funes. On 29 May 2023, Funes was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment—8 for illicit association and 6 for failure to perform his duties—making him the second former president in Salvadoran history to be sentenced to prison after Saca was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in 2018 for embezzling US$ 300 million. Following his sentencing, he stated that "the sentence, insofar as it refers to me, is illegal, doesn't have legal foundation", claiming that the government failed to prove the charges against him. 887:(GANA) called for an investigation into Mijango's activities after he claimed on 4 July 2013 that the number of homicides would decrease in 72 hours following a significant spike in homicides in the first three days of July. Gallegos claimed that "a person who has knowledge, control, and knows how the gangs act, and says that in 72 hours homicides may drop is also in some way an accomplice". Another politician commented that Mijango appeared to have information regarding the truce which was not available to others. Mijango refuted their claims and stated that the homicides were not part of a plan to 1253:

Anílber Rodríguez, the inspector general of the prison system; and Juan Roberto Castillo, a deputy inspector with the National Civil Police. Colindres and Munguía presented testimony against the defendants, with Munguía testifying that "the truce between gangs was a state policy". Carlos Eduardo Burgos Nuila, a former member of Barrio 18, also testified against the defendants. All 18 defendants were acquitted on 29 August 2017. Salazar stated that the attorney general failed to prove that the defendants acted deliberately, and stated that they were "following their duties as state officials" and "

461: 602: 47: 829:, stated that the gang truce set a "dangerous regional precedent". They stated that truces only lead to a temporary decrease in violence and are difficult to maintain or transform into a long-term solution. They added that the truce emboldened the gangs' political power and that they "may seek to further upset the delicate balance between justice and peace by demanding more concessions this balance may have already tilted too far in the favor gangs". Others have stated that the truce gave gangs political leverage. 661:

internal problems inside these gangs". Nevertheless, he claimed that the decrease in violence was a result of improved police operations and better government security strategy. In mid-April 2012, the government announced a plan to allow tens of thousands of imprisoned gang members to find employment opportunities after being released; the plan was expected to cost around US$ 20 million. Despite the announcement, the government stated that it was difficult to find companies who were willing to participate.

1215: 812:

given the increase in homicides in the past months". On 26 May 2014, four days before the end of his term as president, Funes stated that Barrio 18 had "decided to break the truce". Funes admitted that "the truce has failed, not only because of the decision of those who agreed to it; it is because a state of opinion contrary to it was created; with this, I am not saying that the truce was necessary or the only option". The country at this time averaged 14 homicides per day.

850:

themselves from Colindres, stating that "the truce has not produced any benefits for the honorable and hard-working population". Additionally, many lower ranking Church officials also opposed the truce. According to Colindres himself, he participated in the truce's negotiation without consulting the conference and that he was motivated by the Church's humanitarian imperative. Munguía and Mijango believed that Colindres' participation would help legitimize the truce.

6327: 6339: 970:, from 10 March to 11 April, a total of 209 homicides were recorded. By May 2012, homicides had reportedly decreased by 58 percent from the beginning the truce. On 3 January 2013, the government announced that it had registered 2,576 homicides throughout 2012, a decrease of 1,795 (or 41 percent) from 2011, when 4,371 were killed. Additionally, a few days without a homicide were reported in 2012, something which had not occurred in El Salvador in over thirty years. 6351: 1196:, began; he was charged with illicit association and failure to perform his duties. Funes denied his role in truce, writing on Twitter the day before the trial began that he "never ordered nor authorized any negotiation". During the trial, a former high ranking government employee only referred to as "Franco" testified that Funes secretly authorized US$ 50,000 from the country's reserve fund to be transferred in cash to "necessary sources" (" 1101:

12.6 homicides per day, the country effectively returned to its pre-truce homicide rate. By 24 July 2014, the country recorded 2,098 homicides throughout the year; Mauricio Ramírez Landaverde, the director of the National Civil Police, stated that gang members were responsible for the majority of the homicides, but were also the majority of homicide victims. The country recorded 3,912 homicides in 2014, an average of 10.8 homicides per day.

1014: 986: 1319:. Now they say we give them privileges? Show me a privilege. Only one" and posted images of gang members in cramped conditions from a prison lockdown from April 2020. In another tweet, he stated, "Are they not themselves the ones who have been DENOUNCING US for our treatment of terrorists? 'Someone' is passing them false information". Melara stated that he would investigate the allegations made against the government but 928:

obstacles" to the truce being effective. He believed that the country's political climate was not enough to break the truce; he added, "I told that it's necessary to wait until after the elections, so that , where everyone is so frenzied, passes". He asked the gangs to "stay out of politics"; "we have an agreement that no one in the gangs is even going to wear a party shirt nor form any part of the party structures".

900: 700:

Prohibition Act, the end of police operations in gang-controlled territory, the repeal of a law which provided benefits to individuals in exchange for information about others with criminal connections, and general improvements in the prisoners' quality of life. In November 2012, Mijango and Colindres called upon the Legislative Assembly to repeal the Gang Prohibition Act to further distance the country from the old

452: 1283:

days later, El Salvador reported a day without a murder. In April 2015, spokespeople for MS-13, Barrio 18, Mao Mao, and Mirada Locos 13 announced that they would " instructions for our units to stand down" and work towards "satisfactorily responding to what society hopes of us: less murders, less extortion; and definitely: less violence". They described it as a "gesture of goodwill" and "a gift to

1042:

number of bodies found in shallow graves, with all 20 discovered bodies having been killed in 2012 or 2013. By August 2013, the country registered 949 disappearances; 49 percent were later found alive, 6 percent were later found to have been killed, and the remainder were still missing. A total of 97 bodies were recovered from shallow graves between August 2012 and August 2013.

1163:

con alquién para delinquir. Con quién? La FGR no lo dice. Y para incumplir mis deberes debí haber faltado a mis responsabilidades como Presidente. Qué obligaciones dejé de cumplir en el caso tregua? Estos fiscales deben regresar a la Universidad y el Fiscal General debe dejar de seguir la agenda de la Embajada USA y de la derecha oligárquica. Cada día se desprestigia más.

1109:, stating that they were responsible for "systematic attacks on the lives, security, and personal integrity of the population". Throughout 2015, the government recorded 6,657 homicides, the most the country had seen in a single year since 1983 for a homicide rate of 104 per 100,000 people. Additionally, the rise in homicides in 2014 and 2015 led to the revival of the 657:

groups". He also stated that any concessions from the government would be "within the scope of the law", such as allowing gang members to be visited by their children and increasing the allowed time for visitations. He added, however, that the government was ready to return to stricter anti-gang measures if the negotiations collapsed.

316:

the government removed soldiers from the designated peace zones, the truce again began to break down in February 2013 following an increase in homicides; the truce continued to fall apart throughout 2013 as homicides continued to rise. In May 2014, as the homicide rate reached 14 per day, Funes stated that "the truce has failed".

932:

gangs' support for the election. He stated that the gangs constitute "an elector that can define the result ", and referenced the 60,000 gang members that can be mobilized to vote and sway the election. He described Quijano as a hypocrite for allegedly meeting with the gangs while publicly voicing his opposition to the truce.

876:

who only dedicate themselves to stealing, extorting, and murder". In June 2013, he accused Munguía of suspending fourteen anti-gang operations in San Salvador and leaking information to gang members in October 2012 to help them avoid arrest. He has also referred to the peace zones as "pandillalandia" (literally "gang land").

1132:

perks to gang leaders, stating "the only thing the government did was monitor this agreement through the mediators". He also questioned the validity of the allegations, claiming that as the allegations came from gang members, they were only seeking to shorten their sentences in exchange for making allegations against Funes.

312:

they had negotiated with the gangs and that any truce existed; as the truce resulted in a decrease in crime, the government began to acknowledge its existence, but continued to attribute the decrease in crime to its security policies. The government formally recognized its role in negotiating the truce in September 2012.

1222:

After his arrest Mijango stated, "there was a peace process it pains me that those who are being judged are people who only wanted to contribute to a solution to a problem that is the most serious in the country". Blackwell criticized the arrests being made, stating, "it's all political, there is no

1131:

In February 2016, the office of the Attorney General leaked recordings from gang members who alleged that Funes' government gave money, conjugal visits, and transfers to lower-security prisons to gang leaders in exchange for their participation in the truce. Funes denied that his government ever gave

1045:

Despite the decrease in homicides, extortions increased during the first month of the truce. According to gang member Ludwing Alexander Rivera, extortion would continue until the gangs and their families could make up for the lost revenue from ending the practice. By July 2012, gang-related extortion

951:

in August 2013, 47 percent of respondents believed the truce benefited the gangs, 16 percent believed it benefited the public, and 13 percent believed it benefited the government. The poll also found that 68.1 percent of respondents believed the truce had "political ends" and 50 percent believed that

845:

On 6 March 2013, Spanish priest Antonio Rodríguez claimed that one of his colleagues, Édgar Giovanni Morales, was assassinated by members of Barrio 18. Rodríguez claimed that Morales was assassinated in retaliation for Rodríguez's opposition to the gang truce, and claimed that the truce benefited the

315:

Although fractures in the truce began to manifest in July and August 2012, in November 2012 an effort to establish "peace zones" in Salvadoran municipalities helped restore the truce and reaffirm the gangs' commitments to reduce their criminal activities. Although the gang surrendered its weapons and

1282:

On 17 January 2015, the gang leaders which were moved out of the Zacatecoluca maximum-security prison at the beginning of the truce were returned to Zacatecoluca. That same day, MS-13 and Barrio 18 announced that they had agreed to a new truce without asking for concessions from the government. Five

1278:

In August 2014, the leaders of five gangs—Mara Salvatrucha, 18th Street gang, Mao Mao, Maquina, and Miranda Locos 13—offered to relaunch the truce, promising to avoid "civilian attacks". The gangs described their offer as a "second chance for the country to achieve peace", but Sánchez Cerén rejected

1147:

by the Nicaraguan government, which said the reason for granting him asylum was a result of Funes "fighting in favor of democracy, peace, justice and human rights". Funes denied all the allegations against him, stating, "asylum only seeks to guarantee protection from persecution I have not given up

919:

criticized the truce, and claimed that his party was never the reason that the truce was formed. Funes continued to defend the truce and expressed his support for it. Perdomo stated that the government would continue supporting the truce, but questioned its effectiveness claiming that it allowed the

849:

Despite Colindres' role in forming the truce, three of the Church's top leaders informed the government that they did not want anything to do with the truce. The country's Catholic Conference of Bishops issued a statement on 12 May 2013 questioning the effectiveness of the truce, seeking to distance

797:

Four members of Barrio 18 were killed in Ilopango, the first peace zone, on 6 September 2013. In late September 2013, gang leaders issued a joint statement announcing their desire to continue the truce despite September being the fourth consecutive month of increasing homicides. They described their

752:

on 1 February resulting in four deaths, and in mid-February, three homicides occurred in Ilopango despite the city being a peace zone. Munguía described the shootout in San Miguel as "a chain of revenge" and denied that the homicides in Ilopango undermined the truce, stating that they were committed

642:

The Salvadoran government denied negotiating a deal with the gangs to decrease homicide rates in exchange for better prison conditions. In a press conference, Funes denied that the government ever held negotiations with the gangs, stating "the government did not sit down to negotiate with gangs". He

319:

The truce received criticism from journalists, religious figures, and politicians, who claimed that the truce gave the gangs political legitimacy, that it failed to produce any benefits for the population, and that it failed to solve the overall problem of gang violence in the country. Additionally,

1210:

On 3 May 2016, Attorney General Douglas Meléndez began ordering the arrests of law enforcement officials who were responsible for helping carry out the truce. That month, Mijango and 20 law enforcement officials were arrested and charged with illicit association with gang members. He stated that he

1155:

charges unrelated to the truce. On 21 March 2019, all 15 magistrates of the Supreme Court approved a request from the attorney general to request Funes' extradition to El Salvador to stand trial for embezzlement charges unrelated to the truce. On 26 July 2020, Attorney General Raúl Melara announced

1100:

According to the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML), a total of 1,857 homicides were recorded in the first six months of 2014, a 77 percent increase from the same period in 2013 for an average of 10.3 homicides per day. In June 2014 alone, 378 homicides were recorded; with June's daily average of

872:, a spokesman for the Nationalist Republican Alliance, stated following the announcement of the truce that he might call for an investigation hearing against Munguía, stating that making deals with the gangs would be "a nefarious precedent the government would be offering itself to extortionists". 802:

things are. We, the authorities, do not get involved in this; we restrict ourselves to enforcing the law and stopping violence". Perdomo also believed that the gangs planned to increase homicides in December 2012, which the gangs denied as they accused the government of wanting to return to the old

801:

On 21 November 2013, Perdomo stated that the truce was "all but dead" and that the gangs "are at war, in a process of vengeance and territorial control". He began to distance the government from the truce, stating "I have never mentioned a truce. decide the details of the truce, only they know how

773:

which stated that his appointment to the position as a former military general was unconstitutional. Mijango criticized the ruling, claiming that it was "influenced by enemies of the peace process", while gang members lamented his removal, stating that it "puts the security of Salvadorans at risk".

1226:

On 23 July 2020, Munguía was arrested for his role in organizing the truce. He was charged with illicit association with gangs, abuse of authority, and non-compliance. Munguía's lawyer argued that "there had not been sufficient evidence to make the arrest". After his arrest, Munguía stated that he

1162:

Los fiscales dejan mucho que desear. Hoy resulta que me acusan de los delitos de negociaciones ilícitas y de incumplimiento de deberes por haber sido "facilitador" de la tregua. Entonces con quién negocié y qué dejé de hacer? Para que haya una asociación o negociación ilícita debí haberme asociado

1041:

Although the number of homicides recorded decreased during the truce, the number of missing persons increased. In the first two months of 2012, 99 people were reported missing, while in the same period in 2013, 150 were reported missing. Meanwhile, the police reported an 81 percent increase in the

931:

In September 2013, gang leaders announced they would vote in the 2014 election and that they encouraged other gang members to do the same. In October 2013, Mijango claimed that both Quijano and representatives from the FMLN had met with leaders of both MS-13 and Barrio 18 in an effort to rally the

875:

On 8 May 2013, Attorney General Luis Martínez criticized the truce as "hypocritical". He stated that "this false truce does not really exist, because every day it is demonstrated that there continue to be victims in our country, of working people, of fighting people, not of these lazy gang members

764:

Mauricio Ramírez, the sub-director of the PNC, stated that some arrested gang members have argued that they should not be arrested because they were participating in the truce. Despite the gangs' opposition to the Gang Prohibition Act, Salvadoran prosecutors revealed in May 2013 that they had been

691:

who were connected to the assassinations of three police officers three months prior. In August 2012, Munguía stated that the police were arresting an average of 250 people per day, but announced that the police would begin reducing the number of arrests. He denied the reduction was in response to

647:

also denied the allegations, saying "I want the following statement to be loud and clear the government of the republic is not at any time negotiating with any gang". He said that the prisoners were moved because of the Church's appeals on humanitarian grounds, that they were attempting to escape

311:

in early March 2012, after 30 gang leaders were transferred from a maximum-security prison to a lower-security prison, and confirmed after representatives from the gangs and the Catholic Church admitted that they negotiated a truce with the government. However, the government initially denied that

1252:

known as the "Truce Trial" was held for eighteen of the truce's organizers, who were charged with criminal conspiracy and smuggling prohibited items into prisons. The trial's presiding judge was Godofredo Salazar. Among those on trial were Mijango; Nelson Rauda, the director of the prison system;

1168:

The prosecutors leave a lot to be desired. Today, it turns out that they accuse me of the crimes of illegal negotiations and breach of duty for having been a "facilitator" of the truce. So who did I negotiate with and what did I stop doing? For there to be an illicit association or negotiation, I

965:

In the first 21 days of March 2012, a total of 186 homicides were recorded (or 5 homicides per day), a decrease from 402 in February 2012 and 411 in January 2012 (or 14 homicides per day). Although the number of homicides significantly decreased in March 2012, the gangs were still responsible for

836:

writer José Luis Sanz criticized the truce as violating the Anti-Gang Law, as any negotiations or dealings with gangs violates the law. He also added that 22 mayors across the country have contracted gang members to carry out public works projects, such as resurfacing paved roads, which he argued

718:

where the gangs should aim to eliminate all criminal activities. Gang members would be required to surrender their weapons and make peace with rival gang members, while the police would end night-time operations and the government would implement programs to support gang members by providing them

673:

We have considered making a second gesture of good faith, which consists of declaring all scholarly centers of the country, public and private, as zones of peace; that is to say, they are no longer to be considered disputed territories, which will permit the students and teachers to carry on with

395:

in comparison to its neighboring countries. In the 1960s and 1970s, the rate was 30 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants; from 1994 to 1997, the rate was 80 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Other crimes committed by the gangs included making threats, robbery, motor-vehicle theft, arms trafficking,

335:

The truce resulted in an overall decrease in homicides. The government recorded 2,576 homicides in 2012, a 41 percent decrease from the 4,371 homicides recorded in 2011; in 2013, the government recorded 2,492 homicides, a slight decrease from 2012. With the truce's collapse in mid-2014, homicides

1185:

ordered Funes to stand trial for his role in organizing the truce. He stated that Funes allegedly "granted benefits to gang members who were in prison" and engaged in illicit association with the gangs. Prior to Delgado's order, Funes tweeted that any legal proceedings carried out in his absence

973:

From January 2013 to April 2013, the government recorded 694 homicides, a 45 percent decrease from the 1,224 homicides recorded in the same period in 2012. The figures did not include the number of people recorded missing. In the first eight days of May 2013, however, a spike of 65 homicides was

811:

On 3 March 2014, with 484 homicides being recorded between 1 January and 1 March 2014 (or 8 homicides per day), and with 60 to 70 percent of them being committed by gang members, Rigoberto Pleités, the director of the National Civil Police, announced that "the truce technically no longer exists,

768:

Following a spike of homicides in early May 2013, Munguía claimed that the homicides did not represent a trend. Despite comments and statements from the Church and politicians claiming that the truce has failed, Funes reiterated that "the truce has not failed" and stated that US$ 18 million

695:

According to Miguel Fortin, the director of the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML), the truce began to fracture in August 2012 as homicide rates began to steadily increase, with 58 homicides being recorded in the first week of the month. On 20 August 2012, two leaders of MS-13 were killed in

564:

passed the Gang Prohibition Act in response to an increase in gang violence. The law doubled the maximum prison sentence for minors, allowed authorities to freeze bank accounts and seize assets of gang members, and made gang membership illegal. In February 2012, Funes implemented new anti-gang

1260:

On 29 July 2014, Rodríguez was arrested and charged with bringing illegal objects into the country's prisons, including drugs, money, and cell phones; illicit association with gangs; and influencing trafficking. As a result of his actions, he allegedly "helped gang members continue committing

660:

After the truce's first month, Munguía acknowledged that it existed, saying "I think that this pact between gangs still has not yet been totally fulfilled, and I think it will be difficult to fulfill to perfection there are also other gangs who haven't agreed to the pact, and there are still

656:

In April 2012, the Church announced that it was continuing further negotiations with the gangs to reduce extortion. Munguía stated that the government was willing to facilitate the negotiations but not participate in them, saying that "the government cannot sit down to negotiate with criminal

1062:

announced that they might consider implementing similar agreements with gangs in their countries to reduce crime, seeing the results of the truce in El Salvador. Héctor Mauricio López, the minister of the interior of Guatemala, stated that the truce was "very innovative" and "worthy of being

1104:

In February 2015, as crime began to "skyrocket" in El Salvador, Ricardo Salvador Martínez, the director of police internal affairs, stated that "we're at war" with the gangs. March 2015 marked the deadliest month in El Salvador since the end of the civil war in 1992 with 481 homicides being

927:

Mijango dismissed Quijano's comments, claiming that they were only for show for his presidential campaign, adding that "it would be stupid to end the possibility that this process keeps advancing". He also stated that while Funes' government was supporting the truce, it was also "creat more

699:

In September 2012, the Salvadoran government formally acknowledged its role in organizing the truce, stating that the Ministry of Public Security directly negotiated with the gangs under the oversight of Funes. According to Mijango, some of the gangs' demands included the repeal of the Gang

376:. According to journalist C. Ramos, more violent deaths occurred in the 1990s than during the entirety of the twelve-year civil war. In 2004, there were an estimated 10,000 to 39,000 gang members in El Salvador; by 2012, the estimate was over 60,000. The country's two largest gangs are 597:

suggested that the Salvadoran government had been secretly negotiating with MS-13 and Barrio 18 in an effort to reduce the country's homicide rate. The following day, 12 March, was reportedly "the least violent day the country has seen in three years" when only two people were killed.

340:. In the years following the truce's collapse, several individuals have been arrested, charged, and ordered to stand trial regarding their involvement with the truce, including Funes, Munguía, and Mijango. In 2017 and 2019, Mijango was acquitted of all charges, while in 2023, Funes ( 643:

did, however, state that the government supported the agreement between the gangs and the Church. He added that the transfer of prisoners was "not illegal" and that those being transferred did not receive "preferential treatment" at their new prison. Minister of Public Security

861:, praised Colindres' efforts in forming the truce and called upon Salvadorans to take advantage of the situation to "surpass the intolerable violence", but as the truce was collapsing in March 2014, he stated that the truce was "well intentioned, but did not work". 674:

their educational activities with all normality, and the families of the students will be liberated of all worry when they send their children to school... We also declare that henceforth, all involuntary recruitment of adults and children into our ranks will cease.

793:

that the gangs also used the truce to strengthen their connections with international drug traffickers. An analysis of around 500 weapons surrendered by the gangs revealed the majority of them to be non-functional, raising concerns over the validity of the truce.

846:

gangs while they continued to participate in criminal activities. He later changed his position and supported the truce. According to Mijango, who met Rodríguez shortly after he made his claim, Rodríguez changed his view in part due to fear after Morales' death.

648:

from the prisons, and that they had already served their required ten-year sentence in a maximum-security prison. Police officials denied the allegations of a truce, claiming that the reduce in homicides were a result of "improved coordination and intelligence".

788:

newspaper that the gangs were preparing to end the truce and that they were using it stockpile weapons, acquire vehicles, and diversify their means of obtaining revenue. Additionally, Ricardo Perdomo, who succeeded Munguía as minister of public security, told

4628:[The prosecutors leave a lot to be desired. Today, it turns out that they accuse me of the crimes of illegal negotiations and breach of duty for having been a "facilitator" of the truce. So who did I negotiate with and what did I stop doing?] ( 1086:

when the gangs formally announced that they were committed to ending gang-related violence. Lobo Sosa stated he was willing to support the truce, but Emiliani believed that the truce would not result in a decrease in violence as seen in El Salvador.

639:, a former deputy of the Legislative Assembly, stated that he helped mediate the truce and that the government was fully aware of the truce. Representatives of both MS-13 and Barrio 18 confirmed that a truce between them and the government existed. 1105:

committed. This mark was later surpassed with 622 homicides in May 2015, then 677 homicides in June 2015, and 907 homicides in August 2015. On 25 August 2015, the Supreme Court declared that both MS-13 and Barrio 18 were officially designated as

1046:

reportedly began to decrease, but anonymous extortion was increasing. According to some gang members, they were ordered to not murder or extort people in their territories as to not raise attention but that they were free to do so elsewhere.

798:

desire to continue the truce as "unbreakable". In November 2013, eight mayors of the country's peace zones stated that the truce was failing, while Mijango stated that the gangs were the only ones putting effort into maintaining the truce.

419:(UCA) during the 2000s, 20.8 percent of Salvadorans believed that gangs were the main issue facing the country, 55 percent would support killing a criminal who terrorizes a community, and 40.5 would approve the lynching of a criminal. 5113: 3023: 4738: 4626:"Los fiscales dejan mucho que desear. Hoy resulta que me acusan de los delitos de negociaciones ilícitas y de incumplimiento de deberes por haber sido "facilitador" de la tregua. Entonces con quién negocié y qué dejé de hacer?" 4530: 3894: 765:

using the law to convict 180 gang members during ten of the thirteen months in which the truce was present, following a freedom of information request by the Salvadoran Foundation for Economic and Social Development (FUSADES).

738:

announced that the military would withdraw its forces from the peace zones after confirming that MS-13 and Barrio 18 were surrendering their weapons and ceasing criminal activities. By May 2013, the country had 19 peace zones.

664:

In early May 2012, the gangs agreed to extend the truce to school zones and said that they would end the forced recruitment of members. The announcement, presented by Víctor Antonio García Cerón, a leader of Barrio 18, at the

769:

would be invested in creating programs in the country's peace zones to continue to offer support and opportunities to gang members. Munguía was ousted as minister of public security on 17 May 2013 following a ruling from the

1338:

alleged that the spike in homicides occurred as a result of a breakdown in negotiations between the government and the gangs following the arrest of a high-ranking member of MS-13 in mid-March 2022. As of 12 April 2023, the

6195: 627:

helped mediate a truce between MS-13 and Barrio 18 to end "deadly attacks". He stated that the government had not given the gangs any concessions and that the gangs contacted him to mediate in the truce's negotiations.

5080: 1063:

studied". Pompeyo Bonilla, the minister of security of Honduras, stated that the truce was "a lesson which deserves to be replicated, to attempt it in my country, where we regrettably have the highest homicide rate".

6046: 2282: 5925: 5243: 4692: 573:

to prevent gang members from being in the streets at night. The policies resulted in an increase of homicides, however, and the government blamed the increase on "backlash" from the gangs against the policies.

5006: 747:

Homicides once again began to increase in February 2013, rising from 5.3 homicides per day at the end of 2012 to 6.6 homicides per day in mid-February 2013. A shootout between rival gang members occurred in

3599: 5179: 756:

In March 2013, Salvadoran authorities admitted that the truce was not working in some parts of the country, and that the gangs were unable to enforce some cliques of members to abide by it, especially in

5802: 3340: 1117:

with supposed police connections which targeted and killed gang members. Due to the sharp rise in homicides in 2015, El Salvador was frequently referred to as the "world's deadliest peacetime country".

4930: 4367: 1139:; he claimed to have left because he was working as a consultant. In August 2016, his properties were raided by Salvadoran authorities who were searching for evidence to charge Funes with charges of 1279:

the gangs' appeal, stating that he was developing his own strategy to reduce crime. In November 2014, Martínez stated that the government would not enter any talks with the gangs for another truce.

1211:

would seek to impeach Perdomo and have the Legislative Assembly remove Munguía's immunity from prosecution, as he had since been appointed as the country's minister of defense by Sánchez Cerén.

5103: 1330:

From 25 to 27 March 2022, a spike in homicides in El Salvador left 87 people dead. The government attributed the spike to gang activity, and on 27 March, the Legislative Assembly declared a

1992: 4807: 3033: 2759: 1499: 32: 1257:". He instead stated that Funes and Munguía were responsible for the truce. The prosecutors appealed the decision to a higher court. The defendants were again acquitted on 31 May 2019. 5867: 4886: 4522: 3882: 5426: 3300: 3406: 2398: 613: 499:(Spanish for "The Iron Fist") security policy to combat the gangs and lower the country's homicide rate. Upon assuming office in June 2004, Saca increased the security policies of 6165: 5660: 3668: 3591: 2690: 2323: 3860: 3442: 2127: 5532: 4499: 1240:

Colindres had not been arrested or charged for his role in negotiating the truce. He presented testimony against both Funes and Munguía during their criminal trial in May 2023.

924:

criticized the truce. He claimed that it "did not solve the problem" of violence and that it only served to legitimize the gangs through the government's cooperation with them.

4260: 3963: 4771: 4029: 3827: 3132: 6148: 5835: 5062: 5039: 4194: 3632: 3201: 2061: 719:

work. Some gang leaders accepted the proposal and even proposed ten municipalities where the peace should be established. The peace zones would affect around 900,000 people.

3791: 6024: 4466: 2630: 6007: 4660: 4326: 2290: 5915: 4062: 1749: 1169:

should have associated with whom to commit a crime. With who? The Attorney General does not say. And to fail in my duties, I should have failed in my responsibilities as

5892: 5459: 4970: 4227: 1854: 336:

returned to pre-truce levels and the country recorded 3,912 homicides in 2014. The year after the truce ended, 2015, saw 6,657 homicides, the most since 1983 during the

6249: 5233: 4720: 2028: 1920: 1683: 1173:. What obligations did I stop fulfilling in the truce case? These prosecutors must return to university, and the Attorney General must stop following the agenda of the 6222: 4682: 3165: 2572: 2464: 2160: 1303:

had entered secret negotiations with MS-13 and Barrio 18 to reduce the country's homicide rate, similar to the allegations they presented against Funes in March 2012.

6076: 5352: 3541: 2828: 2431: 1956: 1562: 3986: 3930: 3475: 2966: 2897: 2657: 2094: 5385: 4996: 4842: 2356: 5637: 5492: 4525:[The Attorney General of the Republic Will Request the Extradition of Former President Funes and His Three Relatives Who Are Asylum Seekers in Nicaragua]. 4293: 2933: 4151: 3725: 3363: 2988: 1785: 5169: 5146: 3508: 3326: 5792: 4095: 2795: 1537: 272:

and extortions in exchange for improved prison conditions and certain visitation privileges. The truce's principal negotiators were Minister of Public Security

3234: 1887: 5769: 5703: 5276: 4912: 4349: 2605: 2259: 2864: 2726: 527:

patrols of gang-controlled areas, random searches of suspected gang members, and the ability to arrest individuals on appearance alone. As a result of both

1647: 1606: 4128: 2530: 1716: 1287:". Gang leaders sent a letter to the Salvadoran government in June 2015 calling for them to reinstate the truce, a letter which the government dismissed. 5736: 2226: 3758: 2193: 1411: 4400: 714:

On 22 November 2012, Mijango and Colindres announced that the next phase of the truce would be the implementation of so-called "peace zones", special

4563: 2497: 288: 4599: 3099: 629: 277: 211: 1818: 3267: 1982: 4797: 1156:

that he would issue an arrest warrant for Funes for his role in forming the truce. In response to Melara's announcement, Funes said on Twitter:

2749: 1489: 392: 269: 5963: 5857: 4868: 5408: 6383: 4633: 3290: 3396: 2388: 1143:, illicit negotiations, misuse of funds, illicit enrichment, and influence-trafficking. In September 2016, he and his family were granted 551: 329: 6828: 5572: 5319: 3690: 6465: 5670: 4433: 3658: 2680: 2313: 6770: 3850: 3432: 2117: 1174: 858: 416: 5514: 4489: 6854: 6527: 6396: 6098: 4250: 3953: 4761: 4019: 3817: 3122: 6608: 6138: 5825: 5604: 5029: 4184: 3622: 3191: 2051: 1324: 936: 3781: 4456: 2620: 948: 770: 5997: 4652: 4316: 4052: 1739: 5882: 5449: 4960: 4217: 1844: 6588: 6512: 6239: 5210: 2018: 1910: 1673: 1340: 912: 321: 6212: 3155: 2562: 2454: 2150: 6460: 6066: 5979:

Borgh, Chris van der (January–June 2019). "Government Responses to Gang Power: From Truce to War on Gangs in El Salvador".

5342: 3531: 2818: 2421: 1946: 1575: 1327:

alleged that Bukele was secretly negotiating with gangs to lower the homicide rate, allegations which Bukele again denied.

1312: 591:

maximum-security prison to lower-security prisons with "more relaxed rules on visitors". On 11 March, the online newspaper

4523:"Fiscalía General de la República Solicitará Extradición de Expresidente Funes y Sus Tres Parientes Asilados en Nicaragua" 3996: 3920: 3465: 3066: 2956: 2887: 2653: 2084: 560:. He ended mass raids of gang territory to instead focus on the police's investigation capacities. In September 2010, the 6917: 6912: 6907: 6644: 6598: 6593: 6455: 6450: 5375: 4832: 2346: 1106: 561: 409: 5627: 5482: 4283: 2923: 687:

as a part of a "mega-operation" intended to capture 200 gang members. Additionally, three gang leaders were arrested in

6502: 6445: 4161: 3715: 3373: 2998: 1775: 1307:

alleged that the government promised to repeal laws and relax security in prisons in exchange for the gangs supporting

618: 293: 5136: 3498: 6679: 6664: 6189: 4085: 2785: 1527: 884: 3594:[PNC Captures Ernesto Muyshondt for Misappropriation of Retentions to the Detriment of the Public Finance]. 3224: 1877: 977:

The following graph visualizes the number of homicides recorded in the three calendar years the truce was in force.

6937: 6740: 6649: 6573: 6522: 6376: 5981:

European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe

5266: 1320: 920:

gangs to strengthen their connections with international drug traffickers. Meanwhile, ARENA presidential candidate

5759: 5693: 2595: 2249: 6703: 6417: 2854: 2716: 1075: 735: 405: 325: 1637: 1614: 348:) and Munguía were sentenced to 14 years and 18 years imprisonment, respectively, for their roles in the truce. 6818: 6788: 6760: 6507: 6427: 4118: 2520: 1706: 624: 237: 129: 5726: 3592:"PNC Captura al Ernesto Muyshondt por Apropiación Indebida de Retenciones en Perjuicio de la Hacienda Pública" 2285:[Gang Members Select Municipalities to be Considered "Sanctuaries" in the Second Phase of the Truce]. 2216: 1315:

to bring them to power. Bukele denied the allegations, tweeting, "they accuse us of violating the terrorists'

1151:

On 12 June 2018, Attorney General Jorge Cortéz requested Funes' extradition to El Salvador to stand trial for

6927: 6755: 6517: 6497: 6492: 5106:[Gang Truce Case | "I Knew of this Process for Three Years and Did Not Escape", Says Munguía Payés]. 3748: 2183: 715: 6170:

Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean Subnational Structures, Institutions, and Clientelistic Networks

5172:[Munguía Payés Says its "a Political Condemnation" After He was Declared Liable in the Truce Case]. 1401: 6902: 6897: 6892: 4390: 5918:[El Salvador Reports 192 New Captures and Increases to 67,203 Detains in the State of Exception]. 4553: 2487: 332:(FMLN) secretly negotiated with the gangs prior to the election to persuade them to vote in the election. 6793: 6750: 6730: 6603: 6578: 6563: 6558: 6369: 4589: 3089: 3061: 1114: 1079: 916: 696:

Soyapango by lower-ranking members, supposedly due to the two leaders attempting to undermine the truce.

593: 524: 307: 60: 6166:"5 – The Salvadoran Gang Truce (2012–2014) – Insights on Subnational Security Governance in El Salvador" 6582: 6553: 6440: 6435: 6317: 6173: 5413: 4428: 1808: 666: 3257: 1265:

under the condition that he does not communicate with gangs and does not visit the country's prisons.

6720: 6674: 5916:"El Salvador Reporta 192 Nuevas Capturas e Incrementa a 67,203 los Detenidos en Régimen de Excepción" 5104:"Caso Tregua Entre Pandillas | "Supe de Este Proceso Hace Tres Años y No Escapé", Dice Munguía Payés" 233: 124: 5236:[Bishop Colindres and 24 Other Witnesses Will Testify in the Truce Trial Starting Tuesday]. 1026: 998: 854: 488: 470: 442: 6745: 6735: 6689: 6613: 6568: 6480: 6422: 5862: 3262: 1182: 1170: 727: 644: 605: 273: 191: 5953: 5234:"El Obispo Colindres y Otros 24 Testigos Declararán en el Juicio de la Tregua a Partir del Martes" 758: 6765: 6715: 6541: 4800:[Attorney General Solicits 16 Years Imprisonment for Ex-President Funes for 2012 Truce]. 749: 134: 3563:

Farah, Douglas; Babineau, Kathryn (2017). "The Evolution of MS 13 in El Salvador and Honduras".

6847: 6780: 6684: 6639: 6627: 6404: 6294: 5920: 5238: 5174: 5141: 5034: 3693:[El Salvador Registers Nearly 1,800 Less Homicides than in 2011, According to Police]. 3627: 731: 27: 5554: 5301: 3700: 6808: 6669: 5519: 5170:"Munguía Payés dice es "un Condenado Político" Tras ser Declarado Culpable en el Caso Tregua" 4423: 408:(ARENA), over 50 percent of homicides in the country were committed by gang members, and the 3026:[The President of El Salvador Recognizes the Collapse of the Truce with the Gangs]. 6863: 6823: 6813: 6725: 6654: 6470: 4629: 373: 369: 337: 6299: 5795:[Nayib Bukele Denies Alleged Pact with Gangs to Reduce Homicides in El Salvador]. 5665: 5108: 4869:"Ex-El Salvador President Mauricio Funes Sentenced to 14 Years for Negotiating with Gangs" 4687: 4625: 784: 774:

Funes stated that, although he opposed the court's ruling, he would respect the decision.

384:(Barrio 18), and most of its members arrived in the country after being deported from the 8: 6922: 6803: 4833:"Former El Salvador President Mauricio Funes Sentenced to 14 Years Over Gang Negotiation" 4725: 1570: 825:

Shortly after the truce was announced, Elyssa Pachico and Steven Dudley, two writers for

540: 6659: 5793:"Nayib Bukele Niega Supuesto Pacto con Pandillas para Reducir Homicidios en El Salvador" 5594: 601: 6868: 6798: 6331: 6273: 6120: 6093: 6025:"La Tregua Entre Pandillas Salvadoreñas Hacia un Proceso de Construcción de Paz Social" 5984: 5830: 5271: 4917: 4764:[Mauricio Funes Approved 50,000 Dollars for 2012 Truce, According to Witness]. 3572: 3331: 1467: 1459: 1331: 1249: 1234: 1067: 880: 634: 460: 282: 216: 6185: 6125: 1471: 1361: 1190: 869: 343: 5797: 4255: 3571:(1). Institute for National Strategic Security, National Defense University: 58–73. 6177: 6115: 6107: 6027:[The Salvadoran Gang Truce Was a Process of Construction and Social Peace] 5559: 5306: 5001: 4999:[Attorney General Fails a Second Time in the Judicial Case for the Truce]. 4873: 4802: 4766: 4685:[Mauricio Funes Says that Hearing Against Him in Truce Case is "Illegal"]. 3368: 3056: 2993: 2283:"Pandilleros Eligen Municipios Considerados "Santuarios" en Segunda Fase de Tregua" 1451: 1152: 381: 261: 245: 144: 6164:

Piché, Gaëlle Rivard (14 September 2017). Hilgers, Tina; Macdonald, Laura (eds.).

5202: 1022: 994: 6355: 4354: 3885:[Monthly Report of Conciliated Homicides for the Month of December 2014] 3695: 3059:[The Truce Between the Gangs and the State is in Conflict with the Law]. 1254: 1144: 56: 4798:"Fiscalía Solicita 16 Años de Cárcel para Expresidente Funes por Tregua de 2012" 1284: 6932: 6038: 4997:"Fiscalía Pierde por Segunda Ocasión el juicio en el Caso Conocido como Tregua" 4621: 4395: 1083: 1071: 921: 904: 566: 547: 478: 299: 182: 6181: 1455: 706:

policies, but Funes stated that he would oppose any effort to repeal the law.

6886: 6278: 6244: 6217: 6143: 6071: 6002: 5958: 5887: 5764: 5731: 5698: 5632: 5487: 5454: 5409:"Spanish Priest Known for Rehabbing Gang Members Jailed Again in El Salvador" 5380: 5347: 4965: 4837: 4594: 4554:"El Salvador's Top Court Approves Extradition Request for Ex-President Funes" 4461: 4321: 4222: 4189: 4156: 4123: 4090: 4057: 4024: 3991: 3958: 3925: 3855: 3822: 3786: 3753: 3720: 3691:"El Salvador Registra Casi 1,800 Homicidios Menos que en 2011, Según Policía" 3663: 3536: 3503: 3470: 3437: 3401: 3295: 3229: 3196: 3160: 3127: 3094: 2961: 2928: 2892: 2859: 2823: 2790: 2754: 2721: 2685: 2625: 2600: 2567: 2525: 2492: 2459: 2426: 2393: 2351: 2318: 2254: 2221: 2188: 2155: 2122: 2089: 2056: 2023: 1987: 1951: 1915: 1882: 1849: 1845:"Govt-'Facilitated' Gang Truce in Salvador Sets Dangerous Regional Precedent" 1813: 1780: 1744: 1711: 1678: 1642: 1532: 1494: 1406: 1402:"El Salvador's Prosecutions of Officials Who Negotiated With Gangs Explained" 1334:

and authorized the mass arrests of gang members in the country. In May 2022,

826: 481:(right) each implemented strict anti-gang policies during their presidencies. 385: 23: 1214: 587:

On 9 March 2012, 30 gang leaders of MS-13 and Barrio 18 were moved from the

6129: 5564: 5418: 5311: 5072: 4922: 4878: 4730: 4683:"Mauricio Funes Dice que Audiencia en su Contra en Caso Tregua es "Ilegal"" 4494: 4490:"Former El Salvador President Granted Asylum in Nicaragua, Government Says" 4359: 4288: 1490:"El Salvador Sees Almost 60% Drop in Murders in April, As Gang Truce Holds" 1316: 1308: 1300: 1140: 1110: 684: 588: 494: 474: 432: 401: 6111: 6092:

Katz, Charles M.; Hedberg, E.C.; Amayac, Luis Enrique (1 September 2016).

5063:"Ex-Salvadoran Defense Minister Arrested for Suspected Role in Gang Truce" 6412: 6392: 5568: 5422: 5315: 5076: 4926: 4882: 4762:"Mauricio Funes Aprobó 50,000 Dólares para Tregua de 2012, Según Testigo" 4734: 4363: 3336: 365: 253: 101: 6350: 5988: 3576: 1463: 722:

The peace zone project formally began on 22 January 2013 in the city of

412:(PNC) estimated that the gangs committed over 60 percent of all crimes. 6361: 6343: 6033: 511:("Super Iron Fist") would replace the original policy. The policies of 397: 361: 3024:"Presidente de El Salvador Reconoce Fracaso de Tregua Entre Pandillas" 2217:"El Salvador President Open to Reform But Not Repeal of Anti-Gang Law" 1442:

Hume, Mo (November 2016). "Mano Dura: El Salvador Responds to Gangs".

1021:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

993:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

6042: 5663:[GOES Began Returning the Gang Leaders to Maximum Security]. 4913:"El Salvador Throws Out Gang Truce and Officials Who Put It in Place" 3883:"Reporte Mensual de Homicidios Conciliados del Mes de Diciembre 2014" 3028: 1136: 1055: 888: 688: 249: 111: 6338: 6137:

Muggah, Robert; Carpenter, Ami; McDougal, Topher (5 December 2013).

5205:[The Problem of Not Linking Father Colindres to the Truce]. 3366:[Attorney General: "Gang Truce is False and Hypocritical"]. 3625:[Norman Quijano to Face Trial for Negotiating with Gangs]. 1059: 723: 4284:"Violent Deaths in El Salvador Spiked 70% in 2015, Figures Reveal" 3499:"El Salvador Meetings Raise Question about Gangs' Political Might" 3433:"El Salvador Politicians Demand Investigation into Truce Mediator" 2621:"El Salvador Prosecutors Reveal Use of Anti-Gang Law During Truce" 2596:"El Salvador Gang Members Use Peace Truce to Avoid Arrest: Police" 5067: 4637: 4558: 4317:"Has Gang Violence in El Salvador Sparked a Death Squad Revival?" 3397:"Ex-Minister Accused of Interfering in El Salvador Anti-Gang Ops" 2750:"El Salvador Gangs Using Truce to Strengthen Drug Ties: Official" 2314:"El Salvador 'Peace Zone' Launched in Second Phase of Gang Truce" 2118:"Rise in Murders Could Indicate Cracks in El Salvador Gang Truce" 899: 734:

became peace zones soon after. Additionally, Minister of Defense

46: 5883:"New Revelations Herald Grim Future for El Salvador's Security" 5524: 5139:[Funes and Munguía Payés are Condemned for the Truce]. 4653:"Mauricio Funes Rebelde y Juzgado en Caso Tregua con Pandillas" 4020:"100 Days into Gang Truce, El Salvador Sizes Up Security Gains" 3851:"2 Divergent Views on El Salvador Gang Truce, 1 Sad Conclusion" 3057:"La Tregua Entre Pandillas y el Estado en Conflicto con la Ley" 2681:"Exit of El Salvador Security Minister Puts Gang Truce at Risk" 2151:"Do El Salvador Killings Reflect Danger to the Gangland Truce?" 1237:. Funes stated that Munguía's sentence seemed "unjust" to him. 1148:

on confronting the judicial process nor proving my innocence".

570: 451: 305:

The existence of the truce was alleged by the online newspaper

5483:"El Salvador Investigates both Sets of Gang Truce Negotiators" 5030:"Muere el Exmediador de la Tregua con Pandillas, Raúl Mijango" 4721:"El Salvador Tries Ex-Leader Funes In Absentia for Gang Truce" 3782:"El Salvador Murders Fall Slightly for 2013, but Rising Again" 1674:"El Salvador Truce Mediators Call for Repeal of Anti-Gang Law" 683:

In mid-July 2012, the government arrested 185 gang members in

5858:"El Salvador Declares State of Emergency After Gang Killings" 5661:"GOES Inició Retorno de Jefes Pandilleros a Máxima Seguridad" 5528: 5203:"El Problema de no Vincular al Padre Colindres con la Tregua" 5032:[Ex-Mediator of the Gang Truce, Raúl Mijango, Dies]. 4350:"El Salvador: Inside the World's Deadliest Peacetime Country" 4251:"El Salvador Declara como Grupos Terroristas a las Pandillas" 4185:"New El Salvador Govt Yet to Take Action as Homicides Rocket" 3623:"Norman Quijano Enfrentará Juicio por Negociar con Pandillas" 3123:"Opponents of El Salvador Gang Truce Facing Payback Killings" 3090:"Why El Salvador's Gang Truce Is Illegal, and Why It Matters" 2052:"El Salvador Takes Advantage of Truce to Pursue Street Gangs" 1262: 377: 241: 139: 52: 5343:"El Salvador Gang Truce Was 'State Policy': Trial Testimony" 3954:"Rise in Disappearances Feeds Doubts Over El Salvador Truce" 3192:"El Salvador Catholic Church: Pawn or Player in Gang Truce?" 1343:

has resulted in the arrests of 67,203 alleged gang members.

1177:

and the oligarchic right. Every day, it loses more prestige.

1066:

In May 2013, gang leaders in Honduras called upon President

4457:"Former El Salvador President Denies Giving Perks to Gangs" 3921:"Disappearances, Clandestine Graves on Rise in El Salvador" 3818:"El Salvador Homicides Skyrocket After Gang Truce Unravels" 2855:"El Salvador Gangs Release Joint Statement Promoting Truce" 2563:"Can El Salvador Gang Truce Survive Presidential Campaign?" 6139:"The Inconvenient Truth About Gang Truces in the Americas" 5450:"El Salvador Probes 'Irregularities' in Failed Gang Truce" 5302:"El Salvador Judge Acquits 18 for Role in 2012 Gang Truce" 4253:[El Salvador Declares Gangs as Terrorist Groups]. 4053:"Guatemala, Honduras May Replicate El Salvador Gang Truce" 1911:"El Salvador Church Seeks Gang Agreement to Cut Extortion" 1290: 1189:

On 26 April 2023, a criminal trial against Funes, who was

6022: 5998:"Reporting from Ilopango: El Salvador's First Peace Zone" 5826:"From Bad to Worse: Nayib Bukele's Split with Washington" 5599: 3466:"Is El Salvador's Revamped Truce Plan a Political Stunt?" 1740:"El Salvador Govt Blames Murder Spike on Anti-Gang Drive" 5555:"El Salvador Judge Orders Former Attorney General Freed" 4961:"All Suspects Acquitted in El Salvador Gang Truce Trial" 3532:"Recordings Spark Gang Truce Controversy in El Salvador" 3156:"Priest Critic of El Salvador Gang Truce Switches Sides" 1983:"Govt Tries to Solidify Gains of El Salvador Gang Truce" 1947:"El Salvador Govt Says Truce Will not End Gang Violence" 6136: 4218:"Assessing El Salvador's Gangs in a Post-Truce Context" 2957:"El Salvador Gang Truce 'Technically' Finished: Police" 2819:"El Salvador Gang Truce Shaken by 'Peace Zone' Murders" 2182:

Martínez, Carlos; Sans, José Luis (14 September 2012).

1070:

to agree to a similar truce as was met in El Salvador.

907:

criticized the truce throughout his electoral campaign.

324:. In 2016, the gangs revealed that members of both the 6240:"Peace with Gangs: Colombia's Lessons for El Salvador" 6213:"Are El Salvador's 'Maras' Becoming Political Actors?" 4152:"Homicides in El Salvador Reach Pre-Gang Truce Levels" 3659:"Gangs Gain Most from El Salvador Truce: Opinion Poll" 3530:

Cowley, Marguerite; Bargent, James (23 January 2014).

2455:"Gangs Unable to Enforce Truce in Eastern El Salvador" 2422:"Is Uptick in Murders Eroding El Salvador Gang Truce?" 539:, around 4,000 gang members were arrested, leading to 6315: 2654:"El Salvador Promises More Social Aid for Gang Truce" 2347:"Military to Withdraw from El Salvador 'Peace Zones'" 2085:"El Salvador to Cut Mass Arrests, After Gang Demands" 1135:

Funes left the country in June 2016 and travelled to

1049: 5595:"El Salvador Gangs Announce Re-Launch of 2012 Truce" 5515:"Convicted Priest Says El Salvador Backed Gang Work" 4590:"El Salvador Arrests General Behind 2012 Gang Truce" 3987:"El Salvador Mass Graves Put Pressure on Gang Truce" 3364:"Fiscal: "Tregua de Pandillas es Falsa e Hipócrita"" 3291:"San Salvador Archbishop: Gang Truce 'Did Not Work'" 2924:"El Salvador Gangs 'At War' as Truce Hits the Rocks" 2888:"El Salvador Peace Zone Mayors Say Truce Is Failing" 2786:"Weapons Surrendered by El Salvador's Maras Useless" 966:

about half of the homicides committed; according to

391:

For most of its history, the country has faced high

6067:"Is it Possible to Negotiate with Criminal Groups?" 5954:"El Salvador's Gang Truce: Positives And Negatives" 5376:"El Salvador Arrests Priest Over Gang Negotiations" 5028:Cornejo, Iliana; Cerón, Leonardo (28 August 2023). 3327:"Homicides in El Salvador Dip, and Questions Arise" 3225:"5 Things the El Salvador Gang Truce Has Taught Us" 2679:Silva Ávalos, Héctor; Dudley, Steve (20 May 2013). 372:in 1992, being responsible for the majority of the 5628:"El Salvador Squashes Talk of Dialogue With Gangs" 2678: 298:, and the negotiations were overseen by President 6094:"Gang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador" 6091: 6023:Glenda Tager, Ana; Aguilar Umaña, Isabel (2013). 2389:"Spate of Killings Shakes El Salvador Gang Truce" 1843:Pachico, Elyssa; Dudley, Steven (29 March 2012). 1400:Asmann, Parker; Robbins, Seth (7 February 2020). 782:In July 2013, an anonymous police chief told the 6884: 5880: 5137:"Condenan a Funes y Munguía Payés por la Tregua" 4086:"Honduran Gangs May Replicate El Salvador Truce" 2991:[PNC Director: "The Truce is Failing"]. 2250:"Next Phase of Salvador Gang Truce: Peace Zones" 2019:"El Salvador Gangs Expand Truce to School Zones" 1528:"Church Brokered El Salvador Gang Truce: Bishop" 240:, and the country's two largest criminal gangs, 2521:"US Funds El Salvador Security, Not Gang Truce" 1776:"Is El Salvador Negotiating with Street Gangs?" 1353: 5225: 4862: 4860: 4636:from the original on 27 July 2020 – via 3749:"El Salvador Sees 45% Drop in Murders: Police" 2184:"The New Truth About El Salvador's Gang Truce" 1268: 753:by a gang which was not involved in the deal. 6377: 4958: 4527:Office of the Attorney General of El Salvador 4182: 3891:Office of the Attorney General of El Salvador 3716:"El Salvador Homicides Fell Over 40% in 2012" 3562: 3529: 1842: 1399: 1228: 1197: 1160: 894: 803: 742: 701: 555: 546:Upon assuming office in June 2009, President 534: 528: 518: 512: 506: 500: 492: 423: 72: 5760:"El Salvador Gangs Call for a Renewed Truce" 5658: 5027: 4827: 4825: 4587: 3811: 3809: 3614: 2181: 1838: 1836: 1607:"Mano Dura: Gang Suppression in El Salvador" 1078:(OAS), and Romulo Emiliani, a bishop of the 5694:"'New Gang Truce' Announced in El Salvador" 5128: 4857: 4791: 4789: 4714: 4712: 4710: 2717:"El Salvador Gangs Offering Business Loans" 1878:"El Salvador Denies Negotiating with Gangs" 341: 6384: 6370: 5718: 5340: 5194: 5054: 2997:(in Spanish). 3 March 2014. Archived from 1450:(6). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 739–751. 1321:he was removed by the Legislative Assembly 678: 554:(FMLN) maintained some of the policies of 320:the truce became a major issue during the 45: 16:Government truce with gangs in El Salvador 6119: 6099:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 5913: 5907: 5823: 5751: 5724: 4994: 4959:Cidón Kiernan, María (1 September 2017). 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4906: 4904: 4822: 4454: 4422:Maslin, Sarah Esther (21 November 2016). 4242: 4215: 3806: 3779: 3583: 3496: 3361: 3324: 3032:(in Spanish). 26 May 2014. Archived from 2989:"Director PNC: "Tregua se Está Agotando"" 2954: 2816: 2783: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2280: 1908: 1833: 1233:") and that he considers himself to be a 651: 582: 552:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front 491:of ARENA announced the implementation of 330:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front 6391: 5727:"El Salvador Gangs Want a Peace Process" 5659:Rauda Zablah, Nelson (17 January 2015). 5161: 5060: 4786: 4707: 4614: 4551: 4448: 4347: 4143: 3652: 3650: 3589: 2917: 2915: 2853:Cowley, Marguerite (24 September 2013). 2848: 2846: 2148: 1638:"How 'Mano Dura' is Strengthening Gangs" 1325:United States Department of the Treasury 1213: 952:the truce had not produced any results. 898: 600: 5881:Mistler-Ferguson, Scott (19 May 2022). 5824:McFarland, Stephen (15 December 2021). 5691: 5619: 5480: 5200: 4990: 4988: 4650: 4583: 4581: 4545: 4481: 4388: 4314: 4216:Lohmuller, Michael (30 November 2015). 4119:"5 Questions About Honduras' Gang Pact" 4116: 4083: 4017: 3978: 3951: 3918: 3746: 3463: 3426: 3424: 3394: 3288: 3255: 2921: 2817:Parkinson, Charles (9 September 2013). 2714: 2710: 2708: 2618: 2593: 2560: 2419: 2344: 2214: 1944: 1800: 1671: 1574:. c. 2015. pp. 1–7. Archived from 1311:(NI), Bukele's political party, in the 1291:Alleged negotiations under Nayib Bukele 1095: 949:Technological University of El Salvador 771:Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador 396:drug trafficking, extortion, rape, and 6885: 6471:Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992) 6210: 5995: 5951: 5870:from the original on 23 February 2023. 5817: 5790: 5757: 5706:from the original on 25 September 2022 5685: 5640:from the original on 25 September 2022 5474: 5448:Cowley, Marguerite (29 October 2014). 5447: 5441: 5373: 5341:Albaladejo, Angelika (9 August 2017). 5334: 5296: 5294: 5258: 5101: 5095: 4945: 4901: 4866: 4718: 4421: 4248: 4183:Mejía Giraldo, Camilo (29 July 2014). 4149: 4050: 3912: 3848: 3815: 3780:Lohmuller, Michael (14 January 2014). 3656: 3544:from the original on 26 September 2022 3497:Parkinson, Charles (24 October 2013). 3478:from the original on 26 September 2022 3430: 3409:from the original on 25 September 2022 3343:from the original on 25 September 2017 3325:Archibold, Randal C. (24 March 2012). 3320: 3318: 3249: 3222: 3189: 3168:from the original on 30 September 2022 3153: 3135:from the original on 26 September 2022 3120: 3018: 3016: 2852: 2798:from the original on 30 September 2022 2747: 2545: 2533:from the original on 29 September 2022 2488:"El Salvador to Seek US Truce Funding" 2485: 2386: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2359:from the original on 26 September 2022 2229:from the original on 26 September 2022 2130:from the original on 26 September 2022 1773: 1707:"The Iron Fist Returns to El Salvador" 1635: 1540:from the original on 26 September 2022 1521: 1519: 1517: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1181:On 30 November 2022, Attorney General 911:The truce became a major topic in the 415:According to polling conducted by the 6365: 6237: 6163: 5978: 5966:from the original on 13 February 2023 5895:from the original on 25 February 2023 5874: 5838:from the original on 18 February 2023 5805:from the original on 16 February 2023 5784: 5652: 5625: 5575:from the original on 26 February 2023 5547: 5535:from the original on 26 February 2023 5507: 5406: 5367: 5322:from the original on 26 February 2023 5264: 5231: 5213:from the original on 26 November 2022 5167: 5134: 5116:from the original on 20 December 2021 5083:from the original on 24 February 2023 4973:from the original on 25 December 2022 4795: 4759: 4651:Genoves, Alessia (30 November 2022). 4620: 4588:Silva Ávalos, Héctor (28 July 2020). 4469:from the original on 13 February 2023 4436:from the original on 6 September 2022 4415: 4382: 4341: 4263:from the original on 13 February 2023 4209: 4197:from the original on 23 November 2022 3984: 3900:from the original on 26 February 2023 3842: 3773: 3740: 3657:Cowley, Marguerite (28 August 2013). 3647: 3635:from the original on 24 February 2023 3620: 3602:from the original on 15 February 2023 3556: 3388: 3270:from the original on 26 November 2022 3185: 3183: 3087: 3081: 3048: 2936:from the original on 28 November 2022 2912: 2885: 2843: 2779: 2777: 2693:from the original on 29 November 2022 2651: 2645: 2518: 2512: 2452: 2311: 2281:Rodríguez, Carmen (4 December 2012). 2247: 2196:from the original on 19 December 2022 2082: 2049: 2016: 2012: 2010: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1940: 1938: 1902: 1875: 1821:from the original on 27 November 2022 1806: 1769: 1767: 1737: 1704: 1557: 1555: 1525: 1502:from the original on 29 November 2022 1487: 1414:from the original on 15 February 2023 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1054:In May 2012, government officials in 947:According to a poll conducted by the 6151:from the original on 7 December 2022 6064: 5772:from the original on 9 December 2022 5725:Lohmuller, Michael (24 April 2015). 5587: 5495:from the original on 9 December 2022 5462:from the original on 5 December 2022 5429:from the original on 2 December 2022 5400: 5388:from the original on 9 December 2022 5374:Cowley, Marguerite (4 August 2014). 5355:from the original on 9 December 2022 4985: 4933:from the original on 9 November 2022 4910: 4753: 4695:from the original on 3 November 2022 4663:from the original on 7 December 2022 4644: 4578: 4566:from the original on 8 December 2022 4533:from the original on 21 January 2022 4514: 4502:from the original on 13 October 2022 4487: 4455:Daugherty, Arron (8 February 2016). 4403:from the original on 3 February 2023 4296:from the original on 14 January 2023 4281: 4230:from the original on 9 December 2022 4131:from the original on 2 December 2022 4098:from the original on 1 December 2022 4065:from the original on 9 November 2022 4032:from the original on 2 December 2022 3933:from the original on 2 December 2022 3863:from the original on 2 December 2022 3830:from the original on 9 December 2022 3794:from the original on 1 December 2022 3761:from the original on 9 December 2022 3728:from the original on 4 December 2022 3683: 3621:Cerón, Leonardo (11 November 2022). 3523: 3511:from the original on 9 December 2022 3490: 3421: 3355: 3303:from the original on 6 December 2022 3282: 3237:from the original on 9 December 2022 3102:from the original on 6 December 2022 3069:from the original on 20 January 2022 3054: 2981: 2948: 2900:from the original on 2 December 2022 2879: 2867:from the original on 6 December 2022 2831:from the original on 4 December 2022 2810: 2729:from the original on 9 December 2022 2705: 2608:from the original on 3 October 2022. 2434:from the original on 1 December 2022 2326:from the original on 5 December 2022 2262:from the original on 5 December 2022 2163:from the original on 5 December 2022 2149:Corcoran, Patrick (31 August 2012). 2115: 2097:from the original on 1 December 2022 2064:from the original on 6 December 2022 1909:Faramarzi, Tatiana (12 April 2012). 1890:from the original on 4 December 2022 1869: 1857:from the original on 2 December 2022 1752:from the original on 1 December 2022 1719:from the original on 7 December 2022 1698: 1686:from the original on 1 December 2022 1667: 1665: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1526:Looft, Christopher (21 March 2012). 1483: 1481: 1441: 1243: 1205: 1121: 1007: 979: 840: 400:. According to Salvadoran President 356: 6456:Greater Republic of Central America 6451:Federal Republic of Central America 6079:from the original on 1 October 2022 6010:from the original on 3 October 2022 5996:Cawley, Marguerite (4 April 2013). 5914:Maldonado, Javier (12 April 2023). 5850: 5791:Delcid, Marlin (4 September 2020). 5739:from the original on 6 October 2022 5692:Pachico, Elyssa (26 January 2015). 5291: 5042:from the original on 29 August 2023 4602:from the original on 6 October 2022 4520: 4275: 4176: 3966:from the original on 2 October 2022 3875: 3713: 3707: 3671:from the original on 6 October 2022 3457: 3445:from the original on 3 October 2022 3315: 3204:from the original on 4 October 2022 3121:Cawley, Marguerite (6 March 2013). 3114: 3013: 2969:from the original on 6 October 2022 2955:Lohmuller, Michael (4 March 2014). 2922:Bargent, James (21 November 2013). 2784:McDermott, Jeremy (8 August 2013). 2762:from the original on 6 October 2022 2748:Cowley, Marguerite (19 July 2013). 2672: 2660:from the original on 6 October 2022 2633:from the original on 5 October 2022 2612: 2575:from the original on 6 October 2022 2500:from the original on 6 October 2022 2486:Cawley, Marguerite (5 April 2013). 2479: 2467:from the original on 6 October 2022 2420:Bargent, James (21 February 2023). 2413: 2401:from the original on 6 October 2022 2371: 2345:Pachico, Elyssa (4 February 2023). 2338: 2305: 2274: 2241: 2215:Bargent, James (18 December 2012). 2208: 2142: 2109: 2076: 2050:Looft, Christopher (19 July 2012). 1995:from the original on 6 October 2022 1959:from the original on 6 October 2022 1923:from the original on 1 October 2022 1788:from the original on 6 October 2022 1672:Bargent, James (28 November 2012). 1650:from the original on 3 October 2022 1636:Dudley, Steven (22 November 2010). 1629: 1514: 1426: 1323:in May 2021. In December 2021, the 487:In July 2003, Salvadoran President 59:displaying the gang's name and the 13: 6274:"All About El Salvador Gang Truce" 5944: 5928:from the original on 13 April 2023 5246:from the original on 29 April 2023 4741:from the original on 29 April 2023 4675: 4552:Renteria, Nelson (21 March 2019). 4308: 4110: 4077: 4044: 4011: 3985:Wells, Miriam (10 December 2013). 3945: 3464:Córdoba, Armando (21 April 2014). 3431:Cawley, Marguerite (5 July 2013). 3216: 3180: 3147: 2774: 2741: 2587: 2446: 2248:Stone, Hannah (23 November 2012). 2175: 2043: 2007: 1971: 1935: 1774:Ramsey, Geoffrey (15 March 2012). 1764: 1738:Stone, Hannah (21 February 2012). 1731: 1552: 1378: 1050:Interest in Guatemala and Honduras 903:2014 ARENA presidential candidate 14: 6949: 6266: 6211:Ramsey, Geoffrey (19 July 2012). 6052:from the original on 3 April 2023 5481:Bargent, James (26 August 2014). 5279:from the original on 28 July 2022 5232:Cerón, Leonardo (29 April 2023). 5061:Renteria, Nelson (23 July 2020). 5009:from the original on 29 June 2022 4391:"The Executioners of El Salvador" 4389:Alarcón, Daniel (4 August 2015). 4370:from the original on 28 July 2022 4329:from the original on 4 April 2015 4249:Delcid, Merlid (25 August 2015). 3154:Cawley, Marguerite (7 May 2013). 2886:Wells, Miriam (1 November 2013). 2387:Cawley, Marguerite (9 May 2013). 2312:Wells, Miriam (23 January 2013). 2017:Looft, Christopher (3 May 2012). 1945:Pachico, Elyssa (13 April 2012). 1809:"El Salvador Gangs Confirm Truce" 1705:Stone, Hannah (2 February 2012). 1662: 1593: 1478: 1126: 942: 885:Grand Alliance for National Unity 232:From March 2012 to May 2014, the 6349: 6337: 6325: 6252:from the original on 3 July 2022 6225:from the original on 16 May 2022 6198:from the original on 2 June 2020 6065:Hope, Alejandro (19 July 2012). 5626:Gagne, David (6 November 2014). 5607:from the original on 1 June 2022 5407:Ayala, Edgardo (6 August 2014). 5267:"They Will Have to Answer to Us" 5265:Ahmed, Azam (29 November 2017). 5182:from the original on 29 May 2023 5149:from the original on 29 May 2023 5102:Flores, Ricardo (29 July 2020). 5021: 4995:Marroquín, David (31 May 2019). 4889:from the original on 30 May 2023 4845:from the original on 29 May 2023 4810:from the original on 12 May 2023 4774:from the original on 12 May 2023 4719:Alemán, Marcos (26 April 2023). 4488:Reed, Betsy (6 September 2016). 4348:Buncombe, Andrew (3 June 2016). 4018:Pachico, Elyssa (19 July 2012). 3952:Bargent, James (1 August 2013). 3849:Dudley, Steven (15 April 2014). 3289:Bargent, James (31 March 2014). 3223:Dudley, Steven (12 March 2013). 3055:Sanz, José Luis (4 March 2013). 2594:Bargent, James (25 March 2023). 2031:from the original on 4 July 2022 1273: 1012: 984: 960: 937:Roberto José d'Aubuisson Munguía 459: 450: 441: 6238:Stone, Hannah (8 August 2012). 5952:Alsema, Adriaan (7 June 2013). 5168:Cerón, Leonardo (29 May 2023). 5135:Cerón, Leonardo (29 May 2023). 4796:Lemus, Lissette (12 May 2023). 4691:(in Spanish). 22 October 2022. 4117:Pachico, Elyssa (31 May 2013). 4051:Ramsey, Geoffrey (4 May 2012). 3919:Bargent, James (8 March 2013). 3816:Gurney, Kyra (9 January 2015). 3590:Villarán, Julio (4 June 2021). 3395:Bargent, James (28 June 2013). 3362:Marroquín, David (8 May 2013). 3088:Stone, Hannah (27 March 2013). 2561:Robbins, Seth (5 August 2023). 2453:Wells, Miriam (13 March 2013). 2116:Kane, Michael (9 August 2012). 2083:Stone, Hannah (8 August 2012). 1981:Stone, Hannah (23 April 2012). 1876:Stone, Hannah (19 March 2012). 1807:Stone, Hannah (23 March 2012). 1076:Organization of American States 1036: 614:Fabio Reynaldo Colindres Abarca 422: 406:Nationalist Republican Alliance 374:crimes committed in the country 326:Nationalist Republican Alliance 40:2012–2014 Salvadoran gang truce 5201:Aguilar, Luis (29 July 2020). 4867:Alemán, Marcos (30 May 2023). 4760:Lemus, Lissette (5 May 2023). 4315:Bargent, James (23 May 2014). 4282:Reed, Betsy (4 January 2016). 4084:Bargent, James (27 May 2013). 3714:Fox, Edward (4 January 2013). 3256:Allison, Mike (7 April 2012). 3190:Dudley, Steven (13 May 2013). 2715:Bargent, James (8 July 2013). 2619:Bargent, James (31 May 2013). 2519:Wells, Miriam (17 June 2013). 1082:, were present at a prison in 915:. FMLN presidential candidate 864: 820: 709: 1: 4911:Arce, Alberto (20 May 2016). 3747:Bargent, James (2 May 2013). 2652:Wells, Miriam (14 May 2013). 1563:"El Salvador – Gang Violence" 1371: 569:of the police and a proposed 364:have been a major problem in 351: 93:2 years and 78 days 5758:Tabory, Sam (17 July 2015). 5669:(in Spanish). Archived from 4150:Gurney, Kyra (8 July 2014). 3893:(in Spanish). January 2016. 3699:(in Spanish). Archived from 3372:(in Spanish). Archived from 2289:(in Spanish). Archived from 1488:Stone, Hannah (1 May 2012). 1090: 815: 368:since the conclusion of the 7: 6771:Water supply and sanitation 4521:Cea, Jorge (12 June 2018). 4424:"A Light in the Underworld" 1269:Subsequent revival attempts 777: 417:Central American University 270:country's rate of homicides 159:Truce faltered by May 2014 10: 6954: 6918:2014 crimes in El Salvador 6913:2013 crimes in El Salvador 6908:2012 crimes in El Salvador 6660:pre-dollarization currency 6441:1811 Independence Movement 6174:Cambridge University Press 5414:National Catholic Reporter 4429:Columbia Journalism Review 3258:"El Salvador's Gang Truce" 1605:Wolf, Sonja (March 2011). 1074:, a representative of the 955: 913:2014 presidential election 895:2014 presidential election 859:archbishop of San Salvador 743:Further fracturing in 2013 736:José Atilio Benítez Parada 543:in El Salvador's prisons. 523:included joint police and 430: 322:2014 presidential election 223:acquitted in 2017 and 2019 85:9 March 2012 – 26 May 2014 6841: 6779: 6711: 6702: 6635: 6626: 6549: 6540: 6488: 6479: 6403: 6182:10.1017/9781108140553.006 1456:10.1080/09614520701628121 1313:2021 legislative election 612:On 21 March 2012, Bishop 565:policies to increase the 203: 174: 155: 125:Government of El Salvador 117: 107: 97: 89: 81: 71: 67: 44: 6554:Administrative divisions 6295:"Tregua Entre Pandillas" 1346: 692:demands from the gangs. 577: 6938:Politics of El Salvador 1444:Development in Practice 1299:alleged that President 1255:merely following orders 1107:terrorist organizations 837:also violated the law. 679:Fracturing in late 2012 248:(Barrio 18), came to a 168:3,912 homicides in 2014 165:2,492 homicides in 2013 162:2,576 homicides in 2012 20: 6589:International rankings 6297:[Gang Truce]. 5520:Telegram & Gazette 1341:ensuing gang crackdown 1229: 1219: 1198: 1179: 1161: 917:Salvador Sánchez Cerén 908: 855:José Luis Escobar Alas 804: 702: 676: 652:Continued negotiations 609: 583:Beginning of the truce 556: 535: 529: 519: 513: 507: 501: 493: 489:Francisco Flores Pérez 424: 342: 266:Tregua entre Pandillas 265: 221:(illicit association), 194:(illicit association), 185:(illicit association), 74:Tregua entre pandillas 73: 61:country's coat of arms 33:considered for merging 6461:Military dictatorship 6413:Pre-Columbian history 6112:10.2471/BLT.15.166314 5571:. 12 September 2016. 5531:. 30 September 2014. 3703:on 25 September 2017. 1230:un condenado político 1217: 1158: 902: 879:In July 2013, deputy 671: 604: 410:National Civil Police 234:Salvadoran government 196:18 years imprisonment 187:14 years imprisonment 6928:Crime in El Salvador 6599:Legislative Assembly 2293:on 26 September 2017 1611:Sustainable Security 1359:Tried and sentenced 1186:would be "illegal". 1096:Subsequent homicides 562:Legislative Assembly 370:Salvadoran Civil War 338:Salvadoran Civil War 6903:2014 in El Salvador 6898:2013 in El Salvador 6893:2012 in El Salvador 4726:The Washington Post 3999:on 29 November 2022 1581:on 7 September 2018 1571:Library of Congress 1295:In September 2020, 645:David Munguía Payés 606:David Munguía Payés 274:David Munguía Payés 41: 6680:Telecommunications 6428:Captaincy General 5831:Americas Quarterly 5603:. 30 August 2014. 5318:. 29 August 2017. 5272:The New York Times 4918:The New York Times 3332:The New York Times 3036:on 22 October 2014 1332:state of exception 1248:In August 2017, a 1235:political prisoner 1220: 1199:fuentes necesarias 1068:Porfirio Lobo Sosa 909: 881:Guillermo Gallegos 610: 505:, announcing that 39: 6877: 6876: 6837: 6836: 6741:Gender inequality 6698: 6697: 6650:Coffee production 6622: 6621: 6609:Political parties 6574:Foreign relations 6536: 6535: 6300:La Prensa Gráfica 5866:. 28 March 2022. 5666:La Prensa Gráfica 5109:La Prensa Gráfica 4688:La Prensa Gráfica 4164:on 6 October 2022 1244:Other individuals 1206:Truce negotiators 1122:Legal proceedings 1034: 1033: 1006: 1005: 968:La Prensa Gráfica 870:Ernesto Muyshondt 841:Religious figures 791:La Prensa Gráfica 785:La Prensa Gráfica 726:. Quezaltepeque, 623:claimed that the 357:Criminal activity 230: 229: 6945: 6857: 6850: 6709: 6708: 6640:Bitcoin adoption 6633: 6632: 6547: 6546: 6486: 6485: 6431: 6418:Spanish conquest 6386: 6379: 6372: 6363: 6362: 6354: 6353: 6342: 6341: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6321: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6207: 6205: 6203: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6133: 6123: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6051: 6030: 6019: 6017: 6015: 5992: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5788: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5560:Associated Press 5551: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5307:Associated Press 5298: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5025: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5014: 4992: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4956: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4908: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4874:Associated Press 4864: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4829: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4793: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4716: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4632:) (in Spanish). 4624:(26 July 2020). 4622:Funes, Mauricio 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4160:. Archived from 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3995:. Archived from 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3899: 3888: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3654: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3187: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3020: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2919: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2850: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2712: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2558: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2384: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2179: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2014: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1942: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1840: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1771: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1669: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1633: 1627: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1613:. Archived from 1602: 1591: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1567: 1559: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1523: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1485: 1476: 1475: 1439: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1397: 1365: 1357: 1285:Monsignor Romero 1232: 1218:Mijango in 2023. 1201: 1165: 1153:money laundering 1016: 1015: 1008: 988: 987: 980: 891:the government. 807: 705: 638: 622: 559: 538: 532: 522: 516: 510: 504: 498: 471:Francisco Flores 463: 454: 445: 427: 382:18th Street gang 380:(MS-13) and the 378:Mara Salvatrucha 347: 328:(ARENA) and the 297: 286: 276:, former deputy 268:), to lower the 246:18th Street gang 244:(MS-13) and the 242:Mara Salvatrucha 222: 220: 195: 186: 145:18th Street gang 140:Mara Salvatrucha 77: 76: 68:Native name 49: 42: 38: 36: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6942: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6873: 6860: 6853: 6846: 6833: 6819:Public holidays 6775: 6761:Sex trafficking 6694: 6618: 6594:Law enforcement 6532: 6528:Water resources 6475: 6429: 6399: 6390: 6360: 6348: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6293: 6284: 6282: 6272: 6269: 6264: 6255: 6253: 6228: 6226: 6201: 6199: 6192: 6154: 6152: 6082: 6080: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6028: 6013: 6011: 5969: 5967: 5947: 5945:Further reading 5942: 5941: 5931: 5929: 5912: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5879: 5875: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5841: 5839: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5789: 5785: 5775: 5773: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5723: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5657: 5653: 5643: 5641: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5538: 5536: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5479: 5475: 5465: 5463: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5405: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5300: 5299: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5263: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5199: 5195: 5185: 5183: 5166: 5162: 5152: 5150: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5026: 5022: 5012: 5010: 5002:El Salvador.com 4993: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4957: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4909: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4865: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4841:. 29 May 2023. 4831: 4830: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4803:El Salvador.com 4794: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4767:El Salvador.com 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4717: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4649: 4645: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4586: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4355:The Independent 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4115: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3950: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3917: 3913: 3903: 3901: 3897: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3814: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3712: 3708: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3655: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3588: 3584: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3495: 3491: 3481: 3479: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3429: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3393: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3369:El Salvador.com 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3323: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3188: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3022: 3021: 3014: 3004: 3002: 3001:on 5 March 2014 2994:El Salvador.com 2987: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2920: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2851: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2782: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2713: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2617: 2613: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2559: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2385: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2343: 2339: 2329: 2327: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2213: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2180: 2176: 2166: 2164: 2147: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2081: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2015: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1979: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1943: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1841: 1834: 1824: 1822: 1805: 1801: 1791: 1789: 1772: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1736: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1670: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1603: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1543: 1541: 1524: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1486: 1479: 1440: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1398: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1293: 1276: 1271: 1246: 1208: 1183:Rodolfo Delgado 1129: 1124: 1098: 1093: 1080:Catholic Church 1052: 1039: 1030: 1017: 1013: 1002: 989: 985: 963: 958: 945: 897: 867: 853:In April 2012, 843: 832:In March 2013, 823: 818: 780: 745: 712: 681: 654: 632: 625:Catholic Church 616: 585: 580: 557:Super Mano Dura 536:Super Mano Dura 520:Super Mano Dura 508:Super Mano Dura 485: 484: 483: 482: 466: 465: 464: 456: 455: 447: 446: 435: 429: 359: 354: 291: 289:Fabio Colindres 280: 238:Catholic Church 226: 214: 210: 199: 190: 181: 151: 130:Catholic Church 63: 37: 21: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6951: 6941: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6859: 6858: 6851: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6785: 6783: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6756:Regions by HDI 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6675:Stock exchange 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6513:National parks 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6409: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6389: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6366: 6359: 6358: 6346: 6334: 6314: 6313: 6291: 6268: 6267:External links 6265: 6263: 6262: 6235: 6208: 6190: 6161: 6134: 6106:(9): 660–666. 6089: 6062: 6039:Guatemala City 6037:(in Spanish). 6020: 5993: 5976: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5924:(in Spanish). 5906: 5873: 5849: 5816: 5801:(in Spanish). 5798:CNN en Español 5783: 5750: 5717: 5684: 5673:on 5 July 2015 5651: 5618: 5586: 5546: 5506: 5473: 5440: 5399: 5366: 5333: 5290: 5257: 5242:(in Spanish). 5224: 5209:(in Spanish). 5207:Revista Factum 5193: 5178:(in Spanish). 5160: 5145:(in Spanish). 5127: 5112:(in Spanish). 5094: 5053: 5038:(in Spanish). 5020: 5005:(in Spanish). 4984: 4944: 4900: 4856: 4821: 4806:(in Spanish). 4785: 4770:(in Spanish). 4752: 4706: 4674: 4659:(in Spanish). 4643: 4613: 4577: 4544: 4529:(in Spanish). 4513: 4480: 4447: 4414: 4396:The New Yorker 4381: 4340: 4307: 4274: 4259:(in Spanish). 4256:CNN en Español 4241: 4208: 4175: 4142: 4109: 4076: 4043: 4010: 3977: 3944: 3911: 3874: 3841: 3805: 3772: 3739: 3706: 3682: 3646: 3631:(in Spanish). 3613: 3598:(in Spanish). 3582: 3555: 3522: 3489: 3456: 3420: 3387: 3376:on 23 May 2013 3354: 3314: 3281: 3248: 3215: 3179: 3146: 3113: 3080: 3065:(in Spanish). 3047: 3012: 2980: 2947: 2911: 2878: 2842: 2809: 2773: 2740: 2704: 2671: 2644: 2611: 2586: 2544: 2511: 2478: 2445: 2412: 2370: 2337: 2304: 2273: 2240: 2207: 2174: 2141: 2108: 2075: 2042: 2006: 1970: 1934: 1901: 1868: 1832: 1799: 1763: 1730: 1697: 1682:(in Spanish). 1661: 1628: 1617:on 11 May 2013 1592: 1551: 1513: 1477: 1425: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1292: 1289: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1250:criminal trial 1245: 1242: 1207: 1204: 1128: 1127:Mauricio Funes 1125: 1123: 1120: 1113:, a vigilante 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1084:San Pedro Sula 1072:Adam Blackwell 1051: 1048: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1020: 1018: 1011: 1004: 1003: 992: 990: 983: 962: 959: 957: 954: 944: 943:Public opinion 941: 922:Norman Quijano 905:Norman Quijano 896: 893: 866: 863: 842: 839: 822: 819: 817: 814: 779: 776: 744: 741: 716:municipalities 711: 708: 680: 677: 669:prison, read: 653: 650: 584: 581: 579: 576: 567:militarization 548:Mauricio Funes 479:Mauricio Funes 477:(center), and 468: 467: 458: 457: 449: 448: 440: 439: 438: 437: 436: 431:Main article: 428: 421: 393:homicide rates 362:Criminal gangs 358: 355: 353: 350: 300:Mauricio Funes 256:simply as the 228: 227: 225: 224: 207: 205: 201: 200: 198: 197: 188: 183:Mauricio Funes 178: 176: 172: 171: 170: 169: 166: 163: 157: 153: 152: 150: 149: 148: 147: 142: 135:Criminal gangs 132: 127: 121: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 69: 65: 64: 50: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6950: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6881: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6382: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6333: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6292: 6281: 6280: 6279:InSight Crime 6275: 6271: 6270: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6245:InSight Crime 6241: 6236: 6224: 6220: 6219: 6218:InSight Crime 6214: 6209: 6197: 6193: 6191:9781108141451 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6144:InSight Crime 6140: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6078: 6074: 6073: 6072:InSight Crime 6068: 6063: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6026: 6021: 6009: 6005: 6004: 6003:InSight Crime 5999: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5983:(107): 1–25. 5982: 5977: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5959:InSight Crime 5955: 5950: 5949: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5888:InSight Crime 5884: 5877: 5869: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5853: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5827: 5820: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5787: 5771: 5767: 5766: 5765:InSight Crime 5761: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5732:InSight Crime 5728: 5721: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5699:InSight Crime 5695: 5688: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5633:InSight Crime 5629: 5622: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5556: 5550: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5510: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5488:InSight Crime 5484: 5477: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5455:InSight Crime 5451: 5444: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5381:InSight Crime 5377: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5348:InSight Crime 5344: 5337: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5261: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5228: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5164: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5131: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5098: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5057: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4991: 4989: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4966:InSight Crime 4962: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4907: 4905: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4863: 4861: 4844: 4840: 4839: 4838:TheJournal.ie 4834: 4828: 4826: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4792: 4790: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4678: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4595:InSight Crime 4591: 4584: 4582: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4555: 4548: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4484: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4462:InSight Crime 4458: 4451: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4385: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4344: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4322:InSight Crime 4318: 4311: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4278: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4245: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4223:InSight Crime 4219: 4212: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4190:InSight Crime 4186: 4179: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4157:InSight Crime 4153: 4146: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4124:InSight Crime 4120: 4113: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4091:InSight Crime 4087: 4080: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4058:InSight Crime 4054: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4025:InSight Crime 4021: 4014: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3992:InSight Crime 3988: 3981: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3959:InSight Crime 3955: 3948: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3926:InSight Crime 3922: 3915: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3856:InSight Crime 3852: 3845: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3823:InSight Crime 3819: 3812: 3810: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3787:InSight Crime 3783: 3776: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3754:InSight Crime 3750: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3721:InSight Crime 3717: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3664:InSight Crime 3660: 3653: 3651: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3617: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3537:InSight Crime 3533: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3504:InSight Crime 3500: 3493: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3471:InSight Crime 3467: 3460: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3438:InSight Crime 3434: 3427: 3425: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3402:InSight Crime 3398: 3391: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3319: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3296:InSight Crime 3292: 3285: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3252: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3230:InSight Crime 3226: 3219: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3197:InSight Crime 3193: 3186: 3184: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3161:InSight Crime 3157: 3150: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3128:InSight Crime 3124: 3117: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3095:InSight Crime 3091: 3084: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3019: 3017: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2984: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2962:InSight Crime 2958: 2951: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2929:InSight Crime 2925: 2918: 2916: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2893:InSight Crime 2889: 2882: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2860:InSight Crime 2856: 2849: 2847: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2824:InSight Crime 2820: 2813: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2791:InSight Crime 2787: 2780: 2778: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2755:InSight Crime 2751: 2744: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2722:InSight Crime 2718: 2711: 2709: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2686:InSight Crime 2682: 2675: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2626:InSight Crime 2622: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2601:InSight Crime 2597: 2590: 2574: 2570: 2569: 2568:InSight Crime 2564: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2526:InSight Crime 2522: 2515: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2493:InSight Crime 2489: 2482: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2460:InSight Crime 2456: 2449: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2427:InSight Crime 2423: 2416: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2394:InSight Crime 2390: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2352:InSight Crime 2348: 2341: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2319:InSight Crime 2315: 2308: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2255:InSight Crime 2251: 2244: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2222:InSight Crime 2218: 2211: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2189:InSight Crime 2185: 2178: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2156:InSight Crime 2152: 2145: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2123:InSight Crime 2119: 2112: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2090:InSight Crime 2086: 2079: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2057:InSight Crime 2053: 2046: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2024:InSight Crime 2020: 2013: 2011: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1988:InSight Crime 1984: 1977: 1975: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1952:InSight Crime 1948: 1941: 1939: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1916:InSight Crime 1912: 1905: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1883:InSight Crime 1879: 1872: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1850:InSight Crime 1846: 1839: 1837: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1814:InSight Crime 1810: 1803: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1781:InSight Crime 1777: 1770: 1768: 1751: 1747: 1746: 1745:InSight Crime 1741: 1734: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1712:InSight Crime 1708: 1701: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1679:InSight Crime 1675: 1668: 1666: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1643:InSight Crime 1639: 1632: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1577: 1573: 1572: 1564: 1558: 1556: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1533:InSight Crime 1529: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1495:InSight Crime 1491: 1484: 1482: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1407:InSight Crime 1403: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1364: 1363: 1356: 1352: 1344: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1274:2014 and 2015 1266: 1264: 1258: 1256: 1251: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1203: 1200: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1184: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1119: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1102: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1047: 1043: 1028: 1027:MediaWiki.org 1024: 1019: 1010: 1009: 1000: 999:MediaWiki.org 996: 991: 982: 981: 978: 975: 971: 969: 961:Homicide rate 953: 950: 940: 938: 935:According to 933: 929: 925: 923: 918: 914: 906: 901: 892: 890: 886: 882: 877: 873: 871: 862: 860: 856: 851: 847: 838: 835: 830: 828: 827:InSight Crime 813: 809: 806: 799: 795: 792: 787: 786: 775: 772: 766: 762: 760: 754: 751: 740: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 717: 707: 704: 697: 693: 690: 686: 675: 670: 668: 667:Quezaltepeque 662: 658: 649: 646: 640: 636: 631: 626: 620: 615: 607: 603: 599: 596: 595: 590: 575: 572: 568: 563: 558: 553: 549: 544: 542: 537: 531: 526: 521: 515: 509: 503: 497: 496: 490: 480: 476: 472: 462: 453: 444: 434: 426: 420: 418: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 394: 389: 387: 386:United States 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 349: 346: 345: 339: 333: 331: 327: 323: 317: 313: 310: 309: 303: 301: 295: 290: 287:, and Bishop 284: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 218: 213: 209: 208: 206: 202: 193: 192:David Munguía 189: 184: 180: 179: 177: 173: 167: 164: 161: 160: 158: 154: 146: 143: 141: 138: 137: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 122: 120: 116: 113: 110: 106: 103: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 75: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 48: 43: 34: 30: 29: 28:Infobox event 25: 19: 6879: 6794:Coat of arms 6751:Prostitution 6731:Demographics 6645:Central bank 6579:Human rights 6564:Court system 6559:Constitution 6466:World War II 6446:Mexican rule 6430:(Guatemalan) 6305:. Retrieved 6303:(in Spanish) 6298: 6283:. Retrieved 6277: 6254:. Retrieved 6243: 6227:. Retrieved 6216: 6200:. Retrieved 6169: 6153:. Retrieved 6142: 6103: 6097: 6081:. Retrieved 6070: 6054:. Retrieved 6032: 6012:. Retrieved 6001: 5980: 5968:. Retrieved 5957: 5930:. Retrieved 5919: 5909: 5897:. Retrieved 5886: 5876: 5861: 5852: 5840:. Retrieved 5829: 5819: 5807:. Retrieved 5796: 5786: 5774:. Retrieved 5763: 5753: 5741:. Retrieved 5730: 5720: 5708:. Retrieved 5697: 5687: 5675:. Retrieved 5671:the original 5664: 5654: 5642:. Retrieved 5631: 5621: 5609:. Retrieved 5598: 5589: 5577:. Retrieved 5565:San Salvador 5558: 5549: 5537:. Retrieved 5518: 5509: 5497:. Retrieved 5486: 5476: 5464:. Retrieved 5453: 5443: 5431:. Retrieved 5419:San Salvador 5412: 5402: 5390:. Retrieved 5379: 5369: 5357:. Retrieved 5346: 5336: 5324:. Retrieved 5312:San Salvador 5305: 5281:. Retrieved 5270: 5260: 5248:. Retrieved 5237: 5227: 5215:. Retrieved 5206: 5196: 5184:. Retrieved 5173: 5163: 5151:. Retrieved 5140: 5130: 5118:. Retrieved 5107: 5097: 5085:. Retrieved 5073:San Salvador 5066: 5056: 5044:. Retrieved 5033: 5023: 5011:. Retrieved 5000: 4975:. Retrieved 4964: 4935:. Retrieved 4923:San Salvador 4916: 4891:. Retrieved 4879:San Salvador 4872: 4847:. Retrieved 4836: 4812:. Retrieved 4801: 4776:. Retrieved 4765: 4755: 4743:. Retrieved 4731:San Salvador 4724: 4697:. Retrieved 4686: 4677: 4665:. Retrieved 4657:Contra Punto 4656: 4646: 4616: 4604:. Retrieved 4593: 4568:. Retrieved 4557: 4547: 4535:. Retrieved 4526: 4516: 4504:. Retrieved 4495:The Guardian 4493: 4483: 4471:. Retrieved 4460: 4450: 4438:. Retrieved 4427: 4417: 4405:. Retrieved 4394: 4384: 4372:. Retrieved 4360:San Salvador 4353: 4343: 4331:. Retrieved 4320: 4310: 4298:. Retrieved 4289:The Guardian 4287: 4277: 4265:. Retrieved 4254: 4244: 4232:. Retrieved 4221: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4188: 4178: 4166:. Retrieved 4162:the original 4155: 4145: 4133:. Retrieved 4122: 4112: 4100:. Retrieved 4089: 4079: 4067:. Retrieved 4056: 4046: 4034:. Retrieved 4023: 4013: 4001:. Retrieved 3997:the original 3990: 3980: 3968:. Retrieved 3957: 3947: 3935:. Retrieved 3924: 3914: 3902:. Retrieved 3890: 3877: 3865:. Retrieved 3854: 3844: 3832:. Retrieved 3821: 3796:. Retrieved 3785: 3775: 3763:. Retrieved 3752: 3742: 3730:. Retrieved 3719: 3709: 3701:the original 3694: 3685: 3673:. Retrieved 3662: 3637:. Retrieved 3626: 3616: 3604:. Retrieved 3595: 3585: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3546:. Retrieved 3535: 3525: 3513:. Retrieved 3502: 3492: 3480:. Retrieved 3469: 3459: 3447:. Retrieved 3436: 3411:. Retrieved 3400: 3390: 3378:. Retrieved 3374:the original 3367: 3357: 3345:. Retrieved 3330: 3305:. Retrieved 3294: 3284: 3272:. Retrieved 3261: 3251: 3239:. Retrieved 3228: 3218: 3206:. Retrieved 3195: 3170:. Retrieved 3159: 3149: 3137:. Retrieved 3126: 3116: 3104:. Retrieved 3093: 3083: 3071:. Retrieved 3060: 3050: 3038:. Retrieved 3034:the original 3027: 3003:. Retrieved 2999:the original 2992: 2983: 2971:. Retrieved 2960: 2950: 2938:. Retrieved 2927: 2902:. Retrieved 2891: 2881: 2869:. Retrieved 2858: 2833:. Retrieved 2822: 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2789: 2764:. Retrieved 2753: 2743: 2731:. Retrieved 2720: 2695:. Retrieved 2684: 2674: 2662:. Retrieved 2647: 2635:. Retrieved 2624: 2614: 2599: 2589: 2577:. Retrieved 2566: 2535:. Retrieved 2524: 2514: 2502:. Retrieved 2491: 2481: 2469:. Retrieved 2458: 2448: 2436:. Retrieved 2425: 2415: 2403:. Retrieved 2392: 2361:. Retrieved 2350: 2340: 2328:. Retrieved 2317: 2307: 2295:. Retrieved 2291:the original 2286: 2276: 2264:. Retrieved 2253: 2243: 2231:. Retrieved 2220: 2210: 2198:. Retrieved 2187: 2177: 2165:. Retrieved 2154: 2144: 2132:. Retrieved 2121: 2111: 2099:. Retrieved 2088: 2078: 2066:. Retrieved 2055: 2045: 2033:. Retrieved 2022: 1997:. Retrieved 1986: 1961:. Retrieved 1950: 1925:. Retrieved 1914: 1904: 1892:. Retrieved 1881: 1871: 1859:. Retrieved 1848: 1823:. Retrieved 1812: 1802: 1790:. Retrieved 1779: 1754:. Retrieved 1743: 1733: 1721:. Retrieved 1710: 1700: 1688:. Retrieved 1677: 1652:. Retrieved 1641: 1631: 1619:. Retrieved 1615:the original 1610: 1583:. Retrieved 1576:the original 1569: 1542:. Retrieved 1531: 1504:. Retrieved 1493: 1447: 1443: 1416:. Retrieved 1405: 1360: 1355: 1335: 1329: 1317:human rights 1309:Nuevas Ideas 1304: 1301:Nayib Bukele 1296: 1294: 1281: 1277: 1259: 1247: 1239: 1225: 1221: 1209: 1192: 1188: 1180: 1175:U.S. Embassy 1167: 1159: 1150: 1141:embezzlement 1134: 1130: 1111:Sombra Negra 1103: 1099: 1065: 1053: 1044: 1040: 1037:Other crimes 976: 972: 967: 964: 946: 934: 930: 926: 910: 878: 874: 868: 852: 848: 844: 833: 831: 824: 810: 800: 796: 790: 783: 781: 767: 763: 755: 746: 721: 713: 698: 694: 685:San Salvador 682: 672: 663: 659: 655: 641: 630:Raúl Mijango 611: 592: 589:Zacatecoluca 586: 545: 541:overcrowding 530:La Mano Dura 514:La Mano Dura 502:La Mano Dura 495:La Mano Dura 486: 475:Antonio Saca 433:La Mano Dura 425:La Mano Dura 414: 402:Antonio Saca 390: 360: 334: 318: 314: 306: 304: 278:Raúl Mijango 257: 231: 212:Raúl Mijango 118:Organized by 51:A member of 26: 18: 6583:LGBT rights 6503:Earthquakes 6393:El Salvador 6332:El Salvador 6285:24 February 6256:24 February 6229:24 February 6202:27 February 6176:: 112–131. 6155:25 February 6083:24 February 6014:24 February 5970:24 February 5899:25 February 5842:25 February 5809:25 February 5776:25 February 5743:25 February 5710:25 February 5677:25 February 5644:25 February 5611:25 February 5579:26 February 5569:El Salvador 5539:26 February 5499:25 February 5466:25 February 5433:25 February 5423:El Salvador 5392:25 February 5359:25 February 5326:25 February 5316:El Salvador 5283:25 February 5217:26 February 5087:25 February 5077:El Salvador 5013:25 February 4977:25 February 4937:25 February 4927:El Salvador 4883:El Salvador 4735:El Salvador 4667:25 February 4606:25 February 4570:25 February 4537:25 February 4506:25 February 4473:23 February 4440:26 February 4407:26 February 4374:26 February 4364:El Salvador 4333:26 February 4300:25 February 4267:24 February 4201:25 February 4168:25 February 4135:24 February 4102:24 February 4069:24 February 4036:24 February 4003:25 February 3970:24 February 3937:24 February 3904:25 February 3867:25 February 3834:25 February 3798:25 February 3765:24 February 3732:24 February 3675:24 February 3639:23 February 3606:25 February 3548:25 February 3515:25 February 3482:25 February 3449:24 February 3413:24 February 3380:24 February 3347:24 February 3337:Mexico City 3307:25 February 3274:25 February 3241:24 February 3208:24 February 3172:24 February 3139:24 February 3106:24 February 3073:24 February 3040:25 February 3005:25 February 2973:25 February 2940:25 February 2904:25 February 2871:24 February 2835:24 February 2802:24 February 2766:24 February 2733:24 February 2697:24 February 2664:24 February 2637:24 February 2579:24 February 2537:24 February 2504:24 February 2471:24 February 2438:24 February 2405:24 February 2363:24 February 2330:24 February 2297:24 February 2266:24 February 2233:24 February 2200:24 February 2167:24 February 2134:24 February 2101:24 February 2068:24 February 2035:24 February 1999:24 February 1963:24 February 1927:24 February 1894:24 February 1861:24 February 1825:24 February 1792:24 February 1756:23 February 1723:24 February 1690:24 February 1654:24 February 1621:24 February 1585:24 February 1544:24 February 1506:24 February 1418:25 February 1362:in absentia 1193:in absentia 1115:death squad 1023:Phabricator 995:Phabricator 865:Politicians 821:Journalists 728:Santa Tecla 710:Peace zones 633: [ 617: [ 469:Presidents 366:El Salvador 344:in absentia 292: [ 281: [ 254:El Salvador 252:, known in 215: [ 102:El Salvador 22:‹ The 6923:Ceasefires 6887:Categories 6829:Television 6809:Literature 6721:Corruption 6614:Presidents 6436:Intendancy 6034:Interpeace 5863:Al Jazeera 4234:25 January 3339:, Mexico. 3263:Al Jazeera 1372:References 808:policies. 750:San Miguel 398:kidnapping 352:Background 258:Gang Truce 6746:Languages 6736:Education 6690:Transport 6569:Elections 6523:Volcanism 6481:Geography 6423:New Spain 6043:Guatemala 5046:28 August 3596:La Página 3029:Univision 2287:La Página 1472:144984287 1171:President 1137:Nicaragua 1091:Aftermath 1056:Guatemala 889:blackmail 816:Criticism 805:Mano Dura 732:Sonsonate 703:Mano Dura 689:Soyapango 175:Convicted 31:is being 6864:Category 6766:Religion 6716:Abortion 6655:Currency 6604:Military 6542:Politics 6397:articles 6356:Politics 6307:20 March 6250:Archived 6223:Archived 6196:Archived 6149:Archived 6130:27708471 6077:Archived 6047:Archived 6008:Archived 5989:26764790 5964:Archived 5932:12 April 5926:Archived 5921:El Mundo 5893:Archived 5868:Archived 5836:Archived 5803:Archived 5770:Archived 5737:Archived 5704:Archived 5638:Archived 5605:Archived 5573:Archived 5533:Archived 5493:Archived 5460:Archived 5427:Archived 5386:Archived 5353:Archived 5320:Archived 5277:Archived 5250:29 April 5244:Archived 5239:El Mundo 5211:Archived 5180:Archived 5175:El Mundo 5147:Archived 5142:El Mundo 5120:22 March 5114:Archived 5081:Archived 5040:Archived 5035:El Mundo 5007:Archived 4971:Archived 4931:Archived 4887:Archived 4843:Archived 4808:Archived 4772:Archived 4745:29 April 4739:Archived 4699:22 March 4693:Archived 4661:Archived 4634:Archived 4600:Archived 4564:Archived 4531:Archived 4500:Archived 4467:Archived 4434:Archived 4401:Archived 4368:Archived 4327:Archived 4294:Archived 4261:Archived 4228:Archived 4195:Archived 4129:Archived 4096:Archived 4063:Archived 4030:Archived 3964:Archived 3931:Archived 3895:Archived 3861:Archived 3828:Archived 3792:Archived 3759:Archived 3726:Archived 3669:Archived 3633:Archived 3628:El Mundo 3600:Archived 3577:26470498 3542:Archived 3509:Archived 3476:Archived 3443:Archived 3407:Archived 3341:Archived 3301:Archived 3268:Archived 3235:Archived 3202:Archived 3166:Archived 3133:Archived 3100:Archived 3067:Archived 2967:Archived 2934:Archived 2898:Archived 2865:Archived 2829:Archived 2796:Archived 2760:Archived 2727:Archived 2691:Archived 2658:Archived 2631:Archived 2606:Archived 2573:Archived 2531:Archived 2498:Archived 2465:Archived 2432:Archived 2399:Archived 2357:Archived 2324:Archived 2260:Archived 2227:Archived 2194:Archived 2161:Archived 2128:Archived 2095:Archived 2062:Archived 2029:Archived 1993:Archived 1957:Archived 1921:Archived 1888:Archived 1855:Archived 1819:Archived 1786:Archived 1750:Archived 1717:Archived 1684:Archived 1648:Archived 1538:Archived 1500:Archived 1464:25548280 1412:Archived 1060:Honduras 778:Collapse 759:La Unión 724:Ilopango 608:in 2015. 525:military 473:(left), 98:Location 90:Duration 35:. › 24:template 6848:Outline 6799:Cuisine 6781:Culture 6704:Society 6685:Tourism 6628:Economy 6508:Islands 6405:History 6318:Portals 6121:5034635 6056:3 April 5068:Reuters 4638:Twitter 4559:Reuters 3062:El Faro 1336:El Faro 1305:El Faro 1297:El Faro 1025:and on 997:and on 956:Results 883:of the 834:El Faro 594:El Faro 550:of the 404:of the 308:El Faro 262:Spanish 204:Charges 156:Outcome 55:with a 6869:Portal 6789:Anthem 6670:Mining 6665:Energy 6518:Rivers 6498:Cities 6395: 6188: 6128: 6118: 5987: 5525:Madrid 5186:29 May 5153:29 May 4893:30 May 4849:29 May 4814:12 May 4778:12 May 3575: 1470: 1462: 1191:tried 1145:asylum 857:, the 730:, and 571:curfew 236:, the 57:tattoo 6933:MS-13 6855:Index 6824:Sport 6814:Music 6726:Crime 6493:Biota 6050:(PDF) 6029:(PDF) 5985:JSTOR 5529:Spain 4630:Tweet 3898:(PDF) 3887:(PDF) 3573:JSTOR 3565:PRISM 1579:(PDF) 1566:(PDF) 1468:S2CID 1460:JSTOR 1347:Notes 1263:Spain 637:] 621:] 578:Truce 296:] 285:] 250:truce 219:] 112:Truce 53:MS-13 6804:Flag 6309:2023 6287:2023 6258:2023 6231:2023 6204:2023 6186:ISBN 6157:2023 6126:PMID 6085:2023 6058:2023 6016:2023 5972:2023 5934:2023 5901:2023 5844:2023 5811:2023 5778:2023 5745:2023 5712:2023 5679:2023 5646:2023 5613:2023 5581:2023 5541:2023 5501:2023 5468:2023 5435:2023 5394:2023 5361:2023 5328:2023 5285:2023 5252:2023 5219:2023 5188:2023 5155:2023 5122:2023 5089:2023 5048:2023 5015:2023 4979:2023 4939:2023 4895:2023 4851:2023 4816:2023 4780:2023 4747:2023 4701:2023 4669:2023 4608:2023 4572:2023 4539:2023 4508:2023 4475:2023 4442:2023 4409:2023 4376:2023 4335:2023 4302:2023 4269:2023 4236:2023 4203:2023 4170:2023 4137:2023 4104:2023 4071:2023 4038:2023 4005:2023 3972:2023 3939:2023 3906:2023 3869:2023 3836:2023 3800:2023 3767:2023 3734:2023 3677:2023 3641:2023 3608:2023 3550:2023 3517:2023 3484:2023 3451:2023 3415:2023 3382:2023 3349:2023 3309:2023 3276:2023 3243:2023 3210:2023 3174:2023 3141:2023 3108:2023 3075:2023 3042:2023 3007:2023 2975:2023 2942:2023 2906:2023 2873:2023 2837:2023 2804:2023 2768:2023 2735:2023 2699:2023 2666:2023 2639:2023 2581:2023 2539:2023 2506:2023 2473:2023 2440:2023 2407:2023 2365:2023 2332:2023 2299:2023 2268:2023 2235:2023 2202:2023 2169:2023 2136:2023 2103:2023 2070:2023 2037:2023 2001:2023 1965:2023 1929:2023 1896:2023 1863:2023 1827:2023 1794:2023 1758:2023 1725:2023 1692:2023 1656:2023 1623:2023 1587:2023 1546:2023 1508:2023 1420:2023 1058:and 533:and 517:and 108:Type 82:Date 6344:Law 6178:doi 6116:PMC 6108:doi 5600:BBC 3696:ABC 1452:doi 6889:: 6276:. 6248:. 6242:. 6221:. 6215:. 6194:. 6184:. 6172:. 6168:. 6147:. 6141:. 6124:. 6114:. 6104:94 6102:. 6096:. 6075:. 6069:. 6045:. 6041:, 6031:. 6006:. 6000:. 5962:. 5956:. 5891:. 5885:. 5860:. 5834:. 5828:. 5768:. 5762:. 5735:. 5729:. 5702:. 5696:. 5636:. 5630:. 5597:. 5567:, 5563:. 5557:. 5527:, 5523:. 5517:. 5491:. 5485:. 5458:. 5452:. 5425:. 5421:, 5417:. 5411:. 5384:. 5378:. 5351:. 5345:. 5314:, 5310:. 5304:. 5293:^ 5275:. 5269:. 5079:. 5075:, 5071:. 5065:. 4987:^ 4969:. 4963:. 4947:^ 4929:. 4925:, 4921:. 4915:. 4903:^ 4885:. 4881:, 4877:. 4871:. 4859:^ 4835:. 4824:^ 4788:^ 4737:. 4733:, 4729:. 4723:. 4709:^ 4655:. 4598:. 4592:. 4580:^ 4562:. 4556:. 4498:. 4492:. 4465:. 4459:. 4432:. 4426:. 4399:. 4393:. 4366:. 4362:, 4358:. 4352:. 4325:. 4319:. 4292:. 4286:. 4226:. 4220:. 4193:. 4187:. 4154:. 4127:. 4121:. 4094:. 4088:. 4061:. 4055:. 4028:. 4022:. 3989:. 3962:. 3956:. 3929:. 3923:. 3889:. 3859:. 3853:. 3826:. 3820:. 3808:^ 3790:. 3784:. 3757:. 3751:. 3724:. 3718:. 3667:. 3661:. 3649:^ 3567:. 3540:. 3534:. 3507:. 3501:. 3474:. 3468:. 3441:. 3435:. 3423:^ 3405:. 3399:. 3335:. 3329:. 3317:^ 3299:. 3293:. 3266:. 3260:. 3233:. 3227:. 3200:. 3194:. 3182:^ 3164:. 3158:. 3131:. 3125:. 3098:. 3092:. 3015:^ 2965:. 2959:. 2932:. 2926:. 2914:^ 2896:. 2890:. 2863:. 2857:. 2845:^ 2827:. 2821:. 2794:. 2788:. 2776:^ 2758:. 2752:. 2725:. 2719:. 2707:^ 2689:. 2683:. 2656:. 2629:. 2623:. 2604:. 2598:. 2571:. 2565:. 2547:^ 2529:. 2523:. 2496:. 2490:. 2463:. 2457:. 2430:. 2424:. 2397:. 2391:. 2373:^ 2355:. 2349:. 2322:. 2316:. 2258:. 2252:. 2225:. 2219:. 2192:. 2186:. 2159:. 2153:. 2126:. 2120:. 2093:. 2087:. 2060:. 2054:. 2027:. 2021:. 2009:^ 1991:. 1985:. 1973:^ 1955:. 1949:. 1937:^ 1919:. 1913:. 1886:. 1880:. 1853:. 1847:. 1835:^ 1817:. 1811:. 1784:. 1778:. 1766:^ 1748:. 1742:. 1715:. 1709:. 1676:. 1664:^ 1646:. 1640:. 1609:. 1595:^ 1568:. 1554:^ 1536:. 1530:. 1516:^ 1498:. 1492:. 1480:^ 1466:. 1458:. 1448:17 1446:. 1428:^ 1410:. 1404:. 1380:^ 635:es 619:es 388:. 302:. 294:es 283:es 264:: 217:es 6585:) 6581:( 6385:e 6378:t 6371:v 6320:: 6311:. 6289:. 6260:. 6233:. 6206:. 6180:: 6159:. 6132:. 6110:: 6087:. 6060:. 6018:. 5991:. 5974:. 5936:. 5903:. 5846:. 5813:. 5780:. 5747:. 5714:. 5681:. 5648:. 5615:. 5583:. 5543:. 5503:. 5470:. 5437:. 5396:. 5363:. 5330:. 5287:. 5254:. 5221:. 5190:. 5157:. 5124:. 5091:. 5050:. 5017:. 4981:. 4941:. 4897:. 4853:. 4818:. 4782:. 4749:. 4703:. 4671:. 4640:. 4610:. 4574:. 4541:. 4510:. 4477:. 4444:. 4411:. 4378:. 4337:. 4304:. 4271:. 4238:. 4205:. 4172:. 4139:. 4106:. 4073:. 4040:. 4007:. 3974:. 3941:. 3908:. 3871:. 3838:. 3802:. 3769:. 3736:. 3679:. 3643:. 3610:. 3579:. 3569:7 3552:. 3519:. 3486:. 3453:. 3417:. 3384:. 3351:. 3311:. 3278:. 3245:. 3212:. 3176:. 3143:. 3110:. 3077:. 3044:. 3009:. 2977:. 2944:. 2908:. 2875:. 2839:. 2806:. 2770:. 2737:. 2701:. 2668:. 2641:. 2583:. 2541:. 2508:. 2475:. 2442:. 2409:. 2367:. 2334:. 2301:. 2270:. 2237:. 2204:. 2171:. 2138:. 2105:. 2072:. 2039:. 2003:. 1967:. 1931:. 1898:. 1865:. 1829:. 1796:. 1760:. 1727:. 1694:. 1658:. 1625:. 1589:. 1548:. 1510:. 1474:. 1454:: 1422:. 1029:. 1001:. 260:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.