217:
forensic examinations, resulting in delays diagnosing the issue. This is confirmed by the fourth day of the trial, where failings of judgement and organisational processes are exposed. For instance, meetings with the security management department were not conducted regularly, and no framework was created to set out appropriate responses to cybersecurity risks or to appoint covering officers if any staff go on leave. A clarification on processes was provided, where a standard operating procedure to escalate incidents was approved by the management in March 2018. It was also revealed the same day that staffers took six more days after 4 July to confirm the data breach as an IHiS employee mistakenly informed colleagues that no data was stolen, only confirmed after further tests are run by the superior finding that data was stolen. The queries were later recreated.
253:
will be held to update employees about the latest cyber threats, with log-in messages strengthened to hone the importance of data protection. Storytelling formats will also be used to explain these concepts. More cyber security exercises simulating data breaches were called for in a subsequent hearing, with these allowing professionals to be more familiar with what to do in case a similar incident happens again. In addition, the expert recommended all data within the system to be encrypted including inactive data. As full encryption would be unfeasible due to operational concerns, personal data could be anonymised instead with 2-factor authentication to de-anonymise it. That same hearing, it was updated that many of the written submissions were found to be useful.
261:
Health's chief data advisor pointed out that
Internet separation resulted in longer wait times for patients, declined productivity, increased staff fatigue and new cyber risks, especially when anti-virus software updates are done only on some computers instead of all within the network. Hence, to continue ISS, these factors would need to be considered. The next day, a security expert recommended having a centralised incident management and tracking system that logs all incidents that occur during a breach to reduce miscommunication, which is one of the causes for delayed reporting. In addition, the usage of different chat platforms meant that crucial details about the attack were lost and hence there was not many linkages to the incident.
236:
bottleneck is not acceptable, adding that there was no written protocol on how to report SingHealth-related cybersecurity incidents should IHiS staff discover any incident. Another pointed out that annual cybersecurity exercises are mandated for critical information infrastructure (CII) operators, so staff should be able to identify advanced persistent threats (APTs). However, these tests were for classroom settings and may not necessarily apply to the SingHealth case, thus defeating the purpose of these exercises if situational awareness was not there. There were also plans for secure
Internet browsing in the healthcare sector by 2018, but it had to be delayed by a year due to technical issues.
201:
attempts to log into the system, which was done with non-existent accounts or accounts that do not have much privileges in the system. Eventually, the cyberattacker successfully gained entry through a coding vulnerability on 26 June, and hence sent SQL queries until 4 July when it was stopped by an administrator. In addition, there were three periods where staff failed to respond or responded after a few days when knowledge of the cyberattack was first known. On the same day, two staff members said that while a framework was in place to report cyberattacks, there is insufficient training on what to do, hence it was unclear to staff about what actions should be taken.
213:. An assistant lead analyst who detected unusual activity investigated further even through that was not his scope, and sent alerts to different divisions to find the staff who can make sense of those queries. The analyst's supervisor told the analyst to continue monitoring the situation and that he assumed there was no medical data until being informed that there was such a leak. As the analyst informed a reporting officer, there was no point in reporting the query himself, asking the analyst to follow up on the queries. Details about reporting procedures and containment measures were mentioned.
228:, thereby being convenient for staff members to approach him in case help was needed. Once the counterparts resigned, there was no one at IHiS present to take over managing the server. Also, the IHiS director was not aware that the server was not managed by the firm in practice, only giving a directive in 2014 that IHiS will not manage research servers. The next day, a security loophole that was not plugged was scruntised. Even though the loophole was flagged by an IHiS employee, there was no action taken. In fact, the employee was dismissed after sending details of the flaw to a rival company.
269:
passwords are supposed to be 15 characters long, but one had a problematic password of eight characters which was unchanged since 2012. Lastly, even if measures were put in place to slow down cyberattacks, it is important to note that the attack was done via an advanced persistent threat (APT). Subsequently, the report was submitted to S. Iswaran on 31 December 2018 with the public version released on 10 January 2019.
126:(IHIS), the public healthcare IT provider, detected unusual activity on one of SingHealth's IT databases on 4 July, and implemented precautions against further intrusions. Network traffic monitoring was enhanced; additional malicious activity was detected after 4 July, but did not result in the theft of any data. Having ascertained that a cyberattack occurred, administrators notified the ministries and brought in the
278:
worse, vulnerabilities in the network and systems are not patched quickly, coupled with the fact that the attackers are well-skilled. As a result, the attackers found it easy to break in. The report did point that if the staff had been adequately trained and vulnerabilities fixed quickly, this attack could have been averted. The report also found that this is the work of an
427:
Bruce Liang. Three employees were commended by IHiS for handling the incident diligently even when not part of their job scope. IHiS has since fast-tracked a suite of 18 measures for enhancing cybersecurity. The next day, the
Personal Data Protection Commission fined IHiS $ 750,000 and SingHealth $ 250,000 for not doing enough to safeguard personal data under the
110:(NRIC) numbers, addresses, dates of birth, race, and gender of patients who visited specialist outpatient clinics and polyclinics between 1 May 2015 and 4 July 2018 were maliciously accessed and copied. Information relating to patient diagnosis, test results and doctors' notes were unaffected. Information on Prime Minister
224:, compared to the normal duration where patches were done several times a month. Besides that, the computer's anti-virus software was too old and need to be reinstalled. The manager was not supposed to manage the server on paper, but in practice, was given the role in 2014 as the server was located at the
170:
A Committee of
Inquiry was convened on 24 July 2018 to investigate the causes of the attack and identify measures to help prevent similar attacks. The four-member committee is chaired by former chief district judge Richard Magnus, and comprise leaders of a cyber-security firm, a healthcare technology
426:
After the report was released, on 16 January 2019, IHiS dismissed two employees and demoted one for being negligent in handling and misunderstanding the attack respectively, with financial penalties imposed on two middle management supervisors, and five members of the senior management including CEO
422:
IHiS has since strengthened public health systems against data breaches. All suspicious IT incidents will have to be reported within 24 hours. 18 other measures are also put in place, including two-factor authentication for all administrators, proactive threat hunting and intelligence, allowing only
268:
The closing submissions were held on 30 November 2018. Proposals to improve cybersecurity were shared, including the "assume breach" mindset in organisations thus taking necessary measures, having the right people and processes to complement those measures. It was also pointed out that administrator
248:
also found similar vulnerabilities in its investigation. Due to this, there will be "three lines of defence", where compliance checks are performed by the operations team, technology team and internal audit team, and training will be stepped up in IHiS so that early detection of attacks are ensured.
200:
being used did not have a patch that prevents attacks by that hacking tool. Between
December 2017 and May 2018, the cyberattacker moved sideways and gained access to a workstation to infect other computers with malware. Other inadequacies identified include not being able to identify multiple failed
142:
on 20 July. The ten-day delay between the discovery of the attack and the public announcement was attributed to time needed to fortify the IT systems, conduct preliminary investigations, identify affected patients and prepare the logistics of the announcement. Text messages were subsequently sent to
369:
officer (MOH CISO) and the director of cybersecurity governance at IHiS will be separated, where the MOH CISO has a dedicated office and reports to the
Permanent Secretary of MOH, while IHiS will have a separate director in charge of cybersecurity governance, with changes at the cluster level. This
277:
On 10 January 2019, the
Committee of Inquiry released a report on the SingHealth breach. The report found that staff are inadequately trained in cybersecurity, thus they are unable to stop the attacks. The key staff did not take immediate action to stop the attacks fearing pressure. To make things
252:
Later in the hearings, SingHealth executives said that they will enhance cyber safety awareness for all employees, as well as roll out new systems to capture patients' data rigorously. It will also allow patients to update their particulars instead of only doing it over the counter. More townhalls
195:
The
Committee of Inquiry hearings began on 21 September 2018. In the first hearing, Solicitor-General Kwek Mean Luck said that a series of staff missteps and gaps in the system contributed to the breach. Some examples mentioned are the EMR system, which was in place since 1999. In addition, it was
264:
On the final day, Cyber
Security Agency chief David Koh suggested changing the way IT staff in the healthcare sector report incidents so that faster response can be ensured during a cyberattack, along with a review of the sector's IT processes and staff training carried out. It was also suggested
231:
Towards the end of the second tranche of hearings on 5 October, it was revealed a second attempt to hack into the servers was done on 19 July via another server. This was stopped immediately as soon as it began. In addition, malware used was customised for the system and evaded detection from top
398:
otherwise. The attack also renewed concerns among some healthcare practitioners regarding ongoing efforts to centralize electronic patient data in
Singapore. Plans to pass laws in late 2018 making it compulsory for healthcare providers to submit data regarding patient visits and diagnoses to the
260:
director suggested having the Government and industry partners work together and share information to learn and update each other about new threats that pop up. That is so as current protection measures are insufficient against ever evolving vulnerabilities. In the same hearing, the Ministry of
235:
The third tranche of hearings started on 31 October. Evidence was shown that managers were reluctant to report the incidents as that would mean an increased amount of work, thereby creating a bottleneck. Meanwhile, the chief information officer told the team to escalate the incident, saying a
216:
On the third day, a cybersecurity employee at IHiS, who was on holiday when the incident happened, did not follow up after having read the emails as it was thought to have been collection of data from workstations for investigation. In addition, only one computer at IHiS was used to carry out
374:. All public healthcare staff will remain on Internet Surfing Separation, which was implemented immediately after the cyberattack, and the mandatory contribution of patient medical data to the National Electronic Health Record (NEHR) system will continue to be deferred.
423:
computers with latest security updates on hospital networks, and a new database activity monitoring. Studies are done to keep Internet Separation Scheme (ISS) permanent in some parts of the healthcare system with a virtual browser being piloted as an alternative.
393:
initiatives and a review of the public sector's cyber-security policies during that time. The review resulted in implementation of additional security measures, and urged public sector administrators to remove Internet access where possible and to use secure
243:
and cloud-based systems was brought up, showing more inadequacies in the systems managed by IHiS. The incident was reported by the operations team as "plugged" to the management without anyone verifying that works to fix these vulnerabilities were done. The
418:
told banks in Singapore to tighten customer verification processes in case leaked data was used to impersonate customers, with additional information requested. Banks are also told to conduct risk assessments and mitigate risks from misuse of information.
130:(CSA) on 10 July to carry out forensic investigations. The agency determined that perpetrators gained privileged access to the IT network by compromising a front-end workstation, and obtained login credentials to access the database, while hiding their
438:
identified a state-sponsored group, known as Whitefly, behind the cyberattack. Although the country is not identified, that group has been found to be behind several related cyberattacks against Singapore-based entities since 2017.
183:. The committee held closed-door and public hearings from 28 August, with another tranche of hearings from 21 September to 5 October. In addition, the Personal Data Protection Commission investigated into possible breaches of the
204:
At the next hearing on 24 September, it was revealed that Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's personal data and outpatient records along with two other unnamed people were searched by hackers who infiltrated into the servers using
356:
announced in Parliament that the Government accepted the recommendations of the report and will fully adopt them. It has also sped up the implementation of the Cybersecurity Act to increase security of CIIs. Separately,
232:
anti-virus software. A tool called PowerShell was used in the process, being disabled on 13 July. Meanwhile, IHiS stepped up security with changing passwords, removing compromised accounts and rebooting servers.
1846:
1877:
548:
249:
As pointed out the next day that even if the weaknesses were found, they may not be fixed as quickly as expected as public healthcare institutions operate around the clock resulting in little downtime.
465:
1750:
370:
will help boost operations and governance of the IT systems. In addition, MOH will establish an enhanced "Three Lines of Defence" system for public healthcare, and pilot a "Virtual Browser" for the
521:
1815:
1781:
2109:
2056:
31:
762:
1568:
688:
365:
announced that changes to enhance governance and operations in Singapore's healthcare institutions and IHiS will be made. The dual role of Ministry of Health's chief
2519:
631:
2004:
2539:
2136:
1838:
1465:
1439:
1413:
1049:
971:
893:
1647:
1335:
1257:
1869:
1595:
945:
1517:
1361:
997:
737:
540:
1309:
285:
In the same report, the Committee of Inquiry made 16 recommendations to boost cybersecurity, separated into priority and additional recommendations. They are:
1925:
1900:
102:
incident initiated by unidentified state actors, which happened between 27 June and 4 July 2018. During that period, personal particulars of 1.5 million
1179:
867:
571:
457:
1758:
1387:
1283:
1127:
1101:
919:
654:
1977:
517:
1231:
265:
that cybersecurity processes be considered as a key instead of it merely existing as an afterthought. The hearings thus concluded on 14 November 2018.
220:
It was also revealed on the fifth day that a server exploited by hackers did not receive security updates in more than a year since May 2017 due to the
1153:
2030:
1811:
1205:
1075:
1023:
1952:
1789:
209:
numbers. The rest of the queries were generally done on patient demographic data, like one that involved the first 20,000 records of such data from
1491:
2162:
2113:
2231:
196:
mentioned that the cyberattacker behind the incident started infecting workstations as early as August 2017 using a hacking tool. The version of
2060:
2205:
386:
from all public healthcare IT terminals with access to the healthcare network, and additional system monitoring and controls were implemented.
815:
428:
184:
180:
179:
to lead evidence, and the Attorney-General's Chambers appointed the Cyber Security Agency to lead the investigations with the support of the
3153:
1621:
1543:
2691:
789:
2509:
2083:
2499:
2453:
353:
160:
135:
605:
1673:"Public Report of the Committee of Inquiry (COI) into the cyber attack on Singapore Health Services Private Limited Patient Database"
841:
1839:"SingHealth cyber attack: Pause on Smart Nation projects lifted; 11 critical sectors told to review untrusted external connections"
487:
3087:
403:
announced on 6 August 2018 that the National Electrical Health Record (NEHR) will be reviewed by an independent group made up of
1672:
167:
to circumvent SingHealth's antivirus and security tools. Iswaran did not name any state in the interest of national security.
2268:
680:
123:
2623:
711:
627:
3037:
2504:
206:
107:
1782:"SingHealth cyberattack: IHiS, public healthcare system to see enhanced governance, changes to organisational structure"
3171:
2654:
2432:
2198:
1232:"SingHealth cyber attack COI: Senior manager reluctant to report attack because he did not want to deal with pressure"
946:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Alarm bells did not ring for key cyber-security employee despite suspicious activity"
3177:
2703:
2664:
2299:
404:
371:
245:
127:
3704:
3237:
3183:
2758:
2649:
2478:
842:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Lack of awareness, tardy response contributed to incident, says Solicitor-General"
225:
3231:
2585:
2422:
2324:
1466:"Longer wait times, declined productivity, higher cyber risks due to Internet separation: MOH chief data adviser"
415:
1128:"SingHealth COI hearing: Former IHiS CEO dismissed staff for ethical breach, didn't probe alleged vulnerability"
3694:
3634:
2644:
2417:
2386:
1901:"National e-records system to undergo 'rigorous' security review before proceeding with mandatory contribution"
1414:"Cyber-security exercises needed to better prepare for cyber attacks: Expert at COI on SingHealth cyber attack"
400:
362:
172:
139:
518:"Singapore health system hit by 'most serious breach of personal data' in cyberattack; PM Lee's data targeted"
3674:
2524:
2437:
2236:
2226:
2191:
411:
before asking doctors to submit all records to the NEHR, even though it was not affected by the cyberattack.
176:
3398:
2788:
2575:
2514:
2473:
2371:
395:
3135:
738:"SingHealth cyber attack hearings resume Sept 21; inquiry committee seeks recommendations from the public"
2893:
2391:
816:"COI for SingHealth cyberattack: IT gaps, staff missteps contributed to incident, says Solicitor-General"
106:
patients and records of outpatient dispensed medicines belonging to 160,000 patients were stolen. Names,
2728:
920:"COI for SingHealth cyberattacks: Officer took initiative to investigate even though it was not his job"
3699:
3582:
2923:
2778:
2570:
2463:
2407:
572:"Personal info of 1.5m SingHealth patients, including PM Lee, stolen in Singapore's worst cyber attack"
458:"Personal info of 1.5m SingHealth patients, including PM Lee, stolen in Singapore's worst cyber attack"
279:
240:
221:
210:
70:
2329:
1544:"SingHealth COI: IHiS' systems were built for business efficiency instead of security, says CSA chief"
3063:
3032:
2659:
2031:"SingHealth cyberattack: IHiS announces measures to protect healthcare sector against online threats"
1154:"SingHealth COI hearing: Employees questioned about their inaction over alleged coding vulnerability"
2618:
1622:"Improve staff awareness of cybersecurity, better incident response proposed as SingHealth COI ends"
3689:
3201:
2768:
2686:
2592:
2565:
1362:"COI on cyber attack: More will be done to deepen cyber-security awareness of SingHealth employees"
1258:"SingHealth data came under attack before plans to strengthen Internet protocols were put in place"
257:
1050:"Exploited server in SingHealth cyber attack did not get security update for 14 months, COI finds"
868:"SingHealth cyber attack: Not all IHiS employees aware of what to do in a cyber-security incident"
3357:
3021:
2494:
2427:
2273:
1596:"Organisations must prepare for cyber breaches, as if already under attack: SingHealth COI chair"
541:"Hackers stole data of PM Lee and 1.5 million patients in 'major cyberattack' on SingHealth"
321:
Enhanced safeguards must be put in place to protect confidentiality of electronic medical records
301:
Perform enhanced security checks, especially on critical information infrastructure (CII) systems
152:
1518:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Change the way security incidents are reported, says CSA chief"
3709:
2918:
2580:
2084:"IHiS sacks 2 employees, slaps financial penalty on CEO over lapses in SingHealth cyber attack"
1388:"SingHealth COI: Management concerned early announcement of breach would affect investigations"
1284:"SingHealth COI: IHiS officer's reluctance to report suspicious IT incidents shown up in court"
408:
26:
2560:
2110:"PDPC fines IHiS, SingHealth combined S$ 1 million for data breach following cyberattack"
3684:
3679:
3419:
3372:
3280:
3207:
2991:
2355:
1870:"Doctors raise concerns again over national e-records system after data breach at SingHealth"
894:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Hackers searched for PM Lee's records using his NRIC number"
2602:
2458:
2137:"SingHealth database hackers have targeted other systems here since at least 2017: Symantec"
1978:"SingHealth cyberattack: MAS orders financial institutions to tighten customer verification"
1725:
1336:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Operational challenges in fixing system weaknesses quickly"
292:
Adopting an enhanced security structure and readiness by IHiS and public health institutions
3016:
2381:
1492:"SingHealth COI: Communication problems hampered data breach response, says expert witness"
1206:"'Customised, uniquely tailored' malware not seen elsewhere used in SingHealth cyberattack"
1076:"COI on SingHealth cyberattack: Exploited server had not been updated for more than a year"
998:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: IHiS staff took six days to discover data had been stolen"
597:
383:
366:
318:
IT security risk assessments and audits must be treated seriously and carried out regularly
239:
The following day, a 2016 audit that found systemic weaknesses in the network link between
1648:"Top-secret report on SingHealth attack submitted to Minister-in-charge of Cyber Security"
8:
3506:
2534:
2350:
1024:"COI on SingHealth cyberattack: IHiS officer hesitated before reporting suspected breach"
2863:
1440:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: US expert calls for collective defence against threats"
1310:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Weaknesses flagged in 2016 internal audit not remedied"
310:
Forge partnerships between industries and the Government to achieve higher cybersecurity
295:
Review online security processes to assess ability to defend and respond to cyberattacks
3644:
3639:
3536:
3165:
2928:
2854:
2544:
2345:
2005:"New measures to strengthen public healthcare systems following SingHealth data breach"
2867:
2376:
3649:
3531:
3501:
3105:
2961:
2319:
2283:
1812:"SingHealth cyberattack: Internet surfing delinked at all public healthcare clusters"
197:
131:
3577:
3429:
3352:
3001:
2938:
2813:
2262:
1699:
304:
Subject privileged administrator accounts to tighter control and greater monitoring
3275:
2057:"SingHealth cyberattack: IHiS sacks 2 employees, imposes financial penalty on CEO"
1102:"COI examines alleged security 'loophole' discovered in 2014 in SingHealth system"
163:, attributed the attack to sophisticated state-linked actors who wrote customized
3587:
3562:
3526:
3454:
3367:
3362:
3006:
2798:
2708:
2412:
1751:"SingHealth cyberattack: Govt to fully adopt COI recommendations, S Iswaran says"
111:
763:"Schedule of Public Hearing Convened by COI into the Cyber Attack on SingHealth"
3326:
3321:
3011:
2996:
2986:
2981:
2913:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2823:
2597:
2278:
655:"4-member Committee of Inquiry convened to investigate SingHealth cyber attack"
435:
2468:
333:
Implement an Internet access strategy that limits exposure to external threats
3668:
3449:
2908:
2859:
1953:"MAS tells financial institutions to tighten customer verification processes"
1926:"MAS directs financial institutions to tighten customer verification process"
1180:"SingHealth COI: Hackers tried to attack network again on July 19 amid probe"
22:
972:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: Failings in judgment, organisation exposed"
3393:
3347:
3147:
3111:
2966:
2956:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2713:
2529:
390:
358:
399:
National Electronic Health Record system were postponed. In addition, the
3629:
3619:
3567:
3475:
3331:
3141:
2971:
2833:
2698:
99:
336:
Clearer guidelines on when and how to respond to cybersecurity incidents
3572:
3557:
3485:
3225:
3129:
3081:
3057:
3045:
2903:
2828:
2818:
2808:
2793:
2753:
2678:
2309:
2183:
1569:"Conclusion of Scheduled Hearings for COI into SingHealth Cyber Attack"
349:
156:
103:
3603:
3480:
3444:
3434:
3306:
3123:
2873:
2803:
2743:
2304:
790:"Singapore's privacy watchdog to investigate SingHealth data breach"
3511:
3439:
3424:
3243:
3219:
3093:
3075:
2976:
2898:
2733:
2718:
339:
Improve competence of computer security incident response personnel
3541:
3414:
3377:
3311:
3290:
3260:
3213:
3195:
3117:
3051:
2748:
2738:
2723:
2163:"Cyber espionage group Whitefly behind SingHealth hack: Symantec"
342:
Consider a post-breach independent forensic review of the network
330:
Implement a software upgrade policy with a focus on cybersecurity
164:
3624:
3516:
3470:
3285:
3099:
3069:
2948:
2933:
2763:
2314:
3249:
3189:
3159:
134:. The attack was made public in a statement released by the
80:
Inadequate training of staff, slow fixing of vulnerabilities
3521:
3316:
628:"Singapore Minister: Major Cyberattack May Be State-Linked"
382:
Following the cyberattack, Internet access was temporarily
2500:
Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident
431:, making it the largest fine imposed for data breaches.
187:
in protecting data and hence determine possible action.
681:"COI hearings on SingHealth cyber attack from Aug 28"
434:
Subsequently, on 6 March 2019, cybersecurity company
1726:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: 16 recommendations"
840:Tham, Irene; Baharudin, Hariz (21 September 2018).
712:"Hearings on SingHealth cyber breach from Sept 21"
389:The attack led to a two-week pause in Singapore's
1698:Tham, Irene; Baharudin, Hariz (10 January 2019).
3666:
1700:"COI on SingHealth cyber attack: 5 key findings"
892:Tan, Tam Mei; Lai, Linette (24 September 2018).
190:
2540:Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections
488:"SingHealth's IT System Target of Cyberattack"
2199:
2055:Mohan, Matthew; Sim, Fann (14 January 2019).
1697:
1074:Sim, Fann; Chia, Lianne (27 September 2018).
1022:Sim, Fann; Chia, Lianne (26 September 2018).
839:
1204:Sim, Fann; Mohan, Matthew (5 October 2018).
16:Patients records were stolen from SingHealth
2510:Democratic National Committee cyber attacks
354:Minister for Communications and Information
327:Implement a robust patch management process
161:Minister for Communications and Information
2454:Office of Personnel Management data breach
2206:
2192:
767:Ministry of Communications and Information
175:respectively. The committee called on the
136:Ministry of Communications and Information
2134:
1779:
1723:
1593:
1515:
1489:
1463:
1437:
1411:
995:
678:
595:
298:Improving staff awareness on cyberattacks
2213:
2054:
1203:
1073:
1021:
324:Improve domain security against attacks
3667:
1780:Abu Baker, Jalelah (15 January 2019).
996:Baharudin, Hariz (26 September 2018).
891:
2187:
2160:
2107:
2028:
1619:
1594:Baharudin, Hariz (30 November 2018).
1516:Baharudin, Hariz (14 November 2018).
1490:Baharudin, Hariz (13 November 2018).
1464:Baharudin, Hariz (12 November 2018).
1438:Baharudin, Hariz (12 November 2018).
1385:
1281:
1151:
1125:
813:
515:
256:Towards the final hearings, a former
124:Integrated Health Information Systems
2081:
2002:
1950:
1898:
1867:
1836:
1724:Baharudin, Hariz (10 January 2019).
1645:
1412:Baharudin, Hariz (9 November 2018).
1359:
1333:
1307:
1229:
1177:
1099:
1047:
969:
943:
917:
865:
787:
736:Wong, Pei Ting (11 September 2018).
735:
709:
652:
569:
535:
533:
531:
511:
509:
455:
272:
122:The database administrators for the
2505:Commission on Elections data breach
1880:from the original on 17 August 2018
1849:from the original on 17 August 2018
1818:from the original on 17 August 2018
1541:
1255:
691:from the original on 17 August 2018
634:from the original on 17 August 2018
630:. Associated Press. 6 August 2018.
608:from the original on 17 August 2018
468:from the original on 22 August 2018
307:Improve incident response processes
108:National Registration Identity Card
13:
2112:. Channel NewsAsia. Archived from
2108:Mohan, Matthew (15 January 2019).
2059:. Channel NewsAsia. Archived from
1386:Mohan, Matthew (5 November 2018).
1152:Kwang, Kevin (28 September 2018).
1126:Kwang, Kevin (28 September 2018).
918:Chia, Lianne (25 September 2018).
866:Chua, Alfred (22 September 2018).
814:Kwang, Kevin (21 September 2018).
679:Baharudin, Hariz (8 August 2018).
596:Baharudin, Hariz (7 August 2018).
524:from the original on 26 July 2018.
143:patients whose data was affected.
14:
3721:
2665:Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident
2135:Baharudin, Hariz (6 March 2019).
1757:. 15 January 2019. Archived from
1620:Kwang, Kevin (30 November 2018).
1100:Tham, Irene (28 September 2018).
1048:Tham, Irene (27 September 2018).
970:Tham, Irene (26 September 2018).
944:Tham, Irene (25 September 2018).
710:Tham, Irene (12 September 2018).
551:from the original on 21 July 2018
528:
506:
372:National University Health System
181:Criminal Investigation Department
3238:Microarchitectural Data Sampling
2474:Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack
2382:Cyberterrorism attack of June 25
1646:Tham, Irene (31 December 2018).
1282:Kwang, Kevin (31 October 2018).
1256:Tan, Tam Mei (1 November 2018).
226:National Cancer Centre Singapore
146:
2586:2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks
2423:2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach
2154:
2128:
2101:
2082:Tham, Irene (14 January 2019).
2075:
2048:
2029:Yusof, Amir (1 November 2018).
2022:
2003:Tham, Irene (1 November 2018).
1996:
1970:
1944:
1918:
1899:Choo, Cynthia (6 August 2018).
1892:
1868:Wong, Pei Ting (23 July 2018).
1861:
1830:
1804:
1773:
1743:
1717:
1691:
1665:
1639:
1613:
1587:
1561:
1535:
1509:
1483:
1457:
1431:
1405:
1379:
1360:Tham, Irene (5 November 2018).
1353:
1334:Tham, Irene (2 November 2018).
1327:
1308:Tham, Irene (1 November 2018).
1301:
1275:
1249:
1230:Tham, Irene (31 October 2018).
1223:
1197:
1171:
1145:
1119:
1093:
1067:
1041:
1015:
989:
963:
937:
911:
885:
859:
833:
807:
781:
755:
729:
703:
416:Monetary Authority of Singapore
2418:2014 celebrity nude photo leak
1542:Sim, Fann (14 November 2018).
1178:Tham, Irene (5 October 2018).
672:
646:
620:
589:
563:
480:
449:
173:National Trades Union Congress
1:
2655:Bulgarian revenue agency hack
2433:Russian hacker password theft
2161:Kwang, Kevin (6 March 2019).
1837:Tham, Irene (3 August 2018).
516:Kwang, Kevin (20 July 2018).
442:
396:Information Exchange Gateways
191:Committee of Inquiry hearings
2789:Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers
2265:(publication of 2009 events)
788:Tham, Irene (24 July 2018).
653:Tham, Irene (24 July 2018).
570:Tham, Irene (20 July 2018).
456:Tham, Irene (20 July 2018).
429:Personal Data Protection Act
377:
185:Personal Data Protection Act
117:
7:
2650:Baltimore ransomware attack
1951:Hong, Jose (24 July 2018).
222:WannaCry ransomware attacks
177:Attorney-General's Chambers
114:was specifically targeted.
96:2018 SingHealth data breach
38:2018 SingHealth data breach
10:
3726:
2924:Tailored Access Operations
2571:WannaCry ransomware attack
2464:Ashley Madison data breach
2408:Anthem medical data breach
2325:PlayStation network outage
280:Advanced Persistent Threat
241:Singapore General Hospital
211:Singapore General Hospital
71:Advanced persistent threat
3612:
3596:
3550:
3494:
3463:
3407:
3386:
3340:
3299:
3268:
3259:
3030:
2947:
2777:
2677:
2660:WhatsApp snooping scandal
2637:
2611:
2553:
2525:Indian Bank data breaches
2487:
2446:
2400:
2364:
2338:
2292:
2255:
2248:
2219:
88:Unidentified state actors
84:
76:
66:
58:
50:
42:
3202:Speculative Store Bypass
2769:Ukrainian Cyber Alliance
2566:2017 Macron e-mail leaks
258:National Security Agency
3705:Healthcare in Singapore
2576:Westminster data breach
2495:Bangladesh Bank robbery
2438:2014 Yahoo! data breach
2428:2014 Sony Pictures hack
2387:2013 Yahoo! data breach
2372:South Korea cyberattack
2274:Operation Olympic Games
2269:Australian cyberattacks
20:
2919:Syrian Electronic Army
2629:SingHealth data breach
2392:Singapore cyberattacks
2330:RSA SecurID compromise
409:PricewaterhouseCoopers
46:27 June to 4 July 2018
32:considered for merging
3695:Internet in Singapore
3208:Lazy FP state restore
2992:Kristoffer von Hassel
2645:Sri Lanka cyberattack
2515:Vietnam Airport Hacks
2356:Operation High Roller
414:On 24 July 2018, the
405:Cyber Security Agency
246:Cyber Security Agency
128:Cyber Security Agency
3675:Hacking in the 2010s
3154:Silent Bob is Silent
2214:Hacking in the 2010s
1814:. Channel NewsAsia.
598:"Ministers' answers"
520:. Channel NewsAsia.
367:information security
348:On 15 January 2019,
151:On 6 August 2018 in
3088:SS7 vulnerabilities
2624:Atlanta cyberattack
2593:Equifax data breach
2351:Stratfor email leak
2300:Canadian government
2279:Operation ShadowNet
2116:on 11 November 2020
769:. 20 September 2018
363:Minister for Health
39:
3537:Petya and NotPetya
3166:ROCA vulnerability
2929:The Shadow Brokers
2855:Iranian Cyber Army
2781:persistent threats
2581:Petya and NotPetya
2545:2016 Bitfinex hack
2520:DCCC cyber attacks
2479:SWIFT banking hack
2063:on 7 November 2020
1575:. 14 November 2018
401:Ministry of Health
140:Ministry of Health
132:digital footprints
37:
3700:2018 in Singapore
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3650:ZeroAccess botnet
2962:Mustafa Al-Bassam
2729:New World Hackers
2692:associated events
2673:
2672:
2469:VTech data breach
2320:Operation AntiSec
2284:Operation Payback
2243:
2242:
2141:The Straits Times
2088:The Straits Times
2009:The Straits Times
1957:The Straits Times
1843:The Straits Times
1792:on 2 October 2020
1761:on 2 October 2020
1730:The Straits Times
1704:The Straits Times
1679:. 10 January 2019
1652:The Straits Times
1600:The Straits Times
1522:The Straits Times
1496:The Straits Times
1470:The Straits Times
1444:The Straits Times
1418:The Straits Times
1366:The Straits Times
1340:The Straits Times
1314:The Straits Times
1262:The Straits Times
1236:The Straits Times
1184:The Straits Times
1106:The Straits Times
1054:The Straits Times
1002:The Straits Times
976:The Straits Times
950:The Straits Times
898:The Straits Times
846:The Straits Times
794:The Straits Times
716:The Straits Times
685:The Straits Times
659:The Straits Times
602:The Straits Times
576:The Straits Times
462:The Straits Times
273:Release of report
198:Microsoft Outlook
92:
91:
3717:
3266:
3265:
2939:Yemen Cyber Army
2263:Operation Aurora
2253:
2252:
2222:
2221:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2167:Channel NewsAsia
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2035:Channel NewsAsia
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1982:Channel NewsAsia
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:. Archived from
1786:Channel NewsAsia
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1755:Channel NewsAsia
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1626:Channel NewsAsia
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1548:Channel NewsAsia
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1392:Channel NewsAsia
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1288:Channel NewsAsia
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1210:Channel NewsAsia
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1158:Channel NewsAsia
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1132:Channel NewsAsia
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1080:Channel NewsAsia
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1028:Channel NewsAsia
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
924:Channel NewsAsia
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
820:Channel NewsAsia
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
547:. 20 July 2018.
537:
526:
525:
513:
504:
503:
501:
499:
484:
478:
477:
475:
473:
453:
40:
36:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3690:Internet events
3665:
3664:
3663:
3654:
3608:
3592:
3546:
3490:
3459:
3403:
3382:
3336:
3295:
3255:
3035:
3033:vulnerabilities
3026:
2943:
2836:(confederation)
2799:Charming Kitten
2780:
2773:
2709:Goatse Security
2669:
2633:
2607:
2598:Deloitte breach
2549:
2535:Dyn cyberattack
2483:
2442:
2413:Operation Tovar
2396:
2360:
2334:
2288:
2249:Major incidents
2244:
2215:
2212:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
994:
990:
980:
978:
968:
964:
954:
952:
942:
938:
928:
926:
916:
912:
902:
900:
890:
886:
876:
874:
864:
860:
850:
848:
838:
834:
824:
822:
812:
808:
798:
796:
786:
782:
772:
770:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
734:
730:
720:
718:
708:
704:
694:
692:
677:
673:
663:
661:
651:
647:
637:
635:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
594:
590:
580:
578:
568:
564:
554:
552:
539:
538:
529:
514:
507:
497:
495:
486:
485:
481:
471:
469:
454:
450:
445:
380:
275:
193:
149:
120:
112:Lee Hsien Loong
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3723:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Black Energy 3
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3327:Metulji botnet
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3281:Black Energy 2
3278:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3136:Broadcom Wi-Fi
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3042:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2997:Junaid Hussain
2994:
2989:
2987:Jeremy Hammond
2984:
2982:Elliott Gunton
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Stealth Falcon
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:PLA Unit 61486
2886:
2884:PLA Unit 61398
2881:
2879:Numbered Panda
2876:
2871:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2826:
2824:Equation Group
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2315:HBGary Federal
2312:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2229:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2153:
2127:
2100:
2074:
2047:
2021:
1995:
1984:. 24 July 2018
1969:
1943:
1932:. 24 July 2018
1917:
1891:
1860:
1829:
1803:
1772:
1742:
1716:
1690:
1664:
1638:
1612:
1586:
1560:
1534:
1508:
1482:
1456:
1430:
1404:
1378:
1352:
1326:
1300:
1274:
1248:
1222:
1196:
1170:
1144:
1118:
1092:
1066:
1040:
1014:
988:
962:
936:
910:
884:
858:
832:
806:
780:
754:
728:
702:
671:
645:
619:
588:
562:
527:
505:
494:. 20 July 2018
479:
447:
446:
444:
441:
379:
376:
346:
345:
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
313:
312:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
274:
271:
192:
189:
148:
145:
119:
116:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3722:
3711:
3710:Data breaches
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Gameover ZeuS
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Rocket Kitten
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2860:Lazarus Group
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2603:Disqus breach
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:Snapchat hack
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:LinkedIn hack
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2239: →
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:←
2224:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1003:
999:
992:
977:
973:
966:
951:
947:
940:
925:
921:
914:
899:
895:
888:
873:
869:
862:
847:
843:
836:
821:
817:
810:
795:
791:
784:
768:
764:
758:
743:
739:
732:
717:
713:
706:
690:
686:
682:
675:
660:
656:
649:
633:
629:
623:
607:
603:
599:
592:
577:
573:
566:
550:
546:
542:
536:
534:
532:
523:
519:
512:
510:
493:
489:
483:
467:
463:
459:
452:
448:
440:
437:
432:
430:
424:
420:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
392:
387:
385:
375:
373:
368:
364:
360:
355:
351:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
314:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
290:
288:
287:
286:
283:
281:
270:
266:
262:
259:
254:
250:
247:
242:
237:
233:
229:
227:
223:
218:
214:
212:
208:
202:
199:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:firm and the
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
147:Investigation
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
29:
28:
27:Infobox event
24:
19:
3685:Cyberattacks
3680:Cyberwarfare
3394:CryptoLocker
3148:DoublePulsar
2967:Cyber Anakin
2957:Ryan Ackroyd
2850:Helix Kitten
2845:Hacking Team
2840:Guccifer 2.0
2714:Lizard Squad
2628:
2530:Surkov leaks
2459:Hacking Team
2170:. Retrieved
2166:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2140:
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2114:the original
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:the original
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:
2024:
2012:. Retrieved
2008:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1842:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:the original
1785:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:the original
1754:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1729:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1676:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1417:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:
1355:
1343:. Retrieved
1339:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1287:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:
965:
953:. Retrieved
949:
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:
913:
901:. Retrieved
897:
887:
875:. Retrieved
871:
861:
849:. Retrieved
845:
835:
823:. Retrieved
819:
809:
797:. Retrieved
793:
783:
771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
745:. Retrieved
741:
731:
719:. Retrieved
715:
705:
693:. Retrieved
684:
674:
662:. Retrieved
658:
648:
636:. Retrieved
622:
610:. Retrieved
601:
591:
579:. Retrieved
575:
565:
553:. Retrieved
544:
496:. Retrieved
491:
482:
470:. Retrieved
461:
451:
433:
425:
421:
413:
391:Smart Nation
388:
381:
359:Gan Kim Yong
347:
315:Additional:
284:
276:
267:
263:
255:
251:
238:
234:
230:
219:
215:
203:
194:
169:
150:
121:
95:
93:
85:Participants
25:
18:
3630:NetTraveler
3568:LogicLocker
3476:Hidden Tear
3373:Red October
3232:Dragonblood
3142:EternalBlue
3106:Stagefright
2972:George Hotz
2949:Individuals
2699:CyberBerkut
2120:3 September
2067:3 September
2014:17 February
1910:3 September
1874:TODAYonline
1796:3 September
1765:3 September
1735:3 September
1709:3 September
1657:17 February
1579:17 February
581:3 September
545:TODAYonline
100:data breach
21:‹ The
3669:Categories
3573:Rensenware
3558:BrickerBot
3486:TeslaCrypt
3276:Bad Rabbit
3226:Foreshadow
3130:Cloudbleed
3082:Row hammer
3064:Shellshock
3058:Heartbleed
3046:Evercookie
3022:The Jester
2904:Red Apollo
2864:BlueNorOff
2834:GOSSIPGIRL
2829:Fancy Bear
2819:Elfin Team
2814:DarkMatter
2809:Dark Basin
2794:Bureau 121
2754:Teamp0ison
2679:Hacktivism
2310:DNSChanger
799:20 January
773:22 January
747:22 January
721:22 January
664:20 January
443:References
350:S. Iswaran
289:Priority:
157:S. Iswaran
153:Parliament
104:SingHealth
3604:VPNFilter
3481:Rombertik
3445:FinFisher
3435:DarkHotel
3399:DarkSeoul
3307:Coreflood
3172:BlueBorne
3124:Dirty COW
3038:disclosed
3036:publicly
2874:NSO Group
2804:Cozy Bear
2744:PayPal 14
2687:Anonymous
2561:SHAttered
2305:DigiNotar
1884:16 August
1853:16 August
1822:16 August
695:16 August
638:16 August
612:16 August
555:2 October
498:13 August
472:2 October
378:Aftermath
118:Discovery
62:Singapore
30:is being
3645:Titanium
3588:XafeCopy
3583:WannaCry
3512:KeRanger
3440:Duqu 2.0
3425:Carbanak
3244:BlueKeep
3220:SigSpoof
3178:Meltdown
3094:WinShock
3076:Rootpipe
2977:Guccifer
2899:Pranknet
2894:PLATINUM
2868:AndAriel
2779:Advanced
2734:NullCrew
2719:LulzRaft
2619:Trustico
2232:Timeline
1878:Archived
1847:Archived
1816:Archived
1683:22 April
689:Archived
632:Archived
606:Archived
549:Archived
522:Archived
492:MOH, MCI
466:Archived
436:Symantec
59:Location
51:Duration
34:. ›
23:template
3542:X-Agent
3532:Pegasus
3415:Brambul
3378:Shamoon
3322:Kelihos
3312:Alureon
3291:Stuxnet
3261:Malware
3214:TLBleed
3196:Exactis
3184:Spectre
3118:Badlock
3052:iSeeYou
3017:Topiary
2749:RedHack
2739:OurMine
2724:LulzSec
384:removed
282:group.
165:malware
3625:Joanap
3578:Triton
3517:Necurs
3507:Jigsaw
3502:Hitler
3471:Dridex
3430:Careto
3353:Dexter
3286:SpyEye
3252:(2019)
3246:(2019)
3240:(2019)
3234:(2019)
3228:(2018)
3222:(2018)
3216:(2018)
3210:(2018)
3204:(2018)
3198:(2018)
3192:(2018)
3186:(2018)
3180:(2018)
3174:(2017)
3168:(2017)
3162:(2017)
3156:(2017)
3150:(2017)
3144:(2017)
3138:(2017)
3132:(2017)
3126:(2016)
3120:(2016)
3114:(2016)
3108:(2015)
3102:(2015)
3100:JASBUG
3096:(2014)
3090:(2014)
3084:(2014)
3078:(2014)
3072:(2014)
3070:POODLE
3066:(2014)
3060:(2014)
3054:(2013)
3048:(2010)
3031:Major
3012:Track2
2934:xDedic
2764:UGNazi
2172:2 July
2146:2 July
2093:3 July
2040:3 July
1988:3 July
1962:3 July
1936:3 July
1631:3 July
1605:3 July
1553:3 July
1527:3 July
1501:3 July
1475:3 July
1449:3 July
1423:3 July
1397:3 July
1371:3 July
1345:3 July
1319:3 July
1293:3 July
1267:3 July
1241:3 July
1215:3 July
1189:3 July
1163:3 July
1137:3 July
1111:3 July
1085:3 July
1059:2 July
1033:2 July
1007:2 July
981:2 July
955:2 July
929:2 July
903:2 July
877:2 July
851:2 July
825:2 July
98:was a
54:8 days
3640:Tinba
3527:Mirai
3455:Regin
3368:Mahdi
3363:Flame
3348:Carna
3332:Stars
3250:Kr00k
3190:EFAIL
3160:KRACK
3112:DROWN
2237:2020s
2227:2000s
1905:Today
872:Today
742:Today
77:Cause
3635:R2D2
3620:Grum
3613:2019
3597:2018
3563:Kirk
3551:2017
3522:MEMZ
3495:2016
3464:2015
3408:2014
3387:2013
3341:2012
3317:Duqu
3300:2011
3269:2010
3007:Sabu
2759:TDO
2704:GNAA
2638:2019
2612:2018
2554:2017
2488:2016
2447:2015
2401:2014
2365:2013
2339:2012
2293:2011
2256:2010
2174:2021
2148:2021
2122:2019
2095:2021
2069:2019
2042:2021
2016:2020
1990:2021
1964:2021
1938:2021
1912:2019
1886:2018
1855:2018
1824:2018
1798:2019
1767:2019
1737:2019
1711:2019
1685:2021
1659:2020
1633:2021
1607:2021
1581:2020
1555:2021
1529:2021
1503:2021
1477:2021
1451:2021
1425:2021
1399:2021
1373:2021
1347:2021
1321:2021
1295:2021
1269:2021
1243:2021
1217:2021
1191:2021
1165:2021
1139:2021
1113:2021
1087:2021
1061:2021
1035:2021
1009:2021
983:2021
957:2021
931:2021
905:2021
879:2021
853:2021
827:2021
801:2020
775:2020
749:2020
723:2020
697:2018
666:2020
640:2018
614:2018
583:2019
557:2018
500:2022
474:2018
407:and
207:NRIC
138:and
94:The
67:Type
43:Date
3358:FBI
3002:MLT
2866:) (
1930:MAS
1677:MCI
1573:MCI
3671::
2165:.
2139:.
2086:.
2033:.
2007:.
1980:.
1955:.
1928:.
1903:.
1876:.
1872:.
1845:.
1841:.
1784:.
1753:.
1728:.
1702:.
1675:.
1650:.
1624:.
1598:.
1571:.
1546:.
1520:.
1494:.
1468:.
1442:.
1416:.
1390:.
1364:.
1338:.
1312:.
1286:.
1260:.
1234:.
1208:.
1182:.
1156:.
1130:.
1104:.
1078:.
1052:.
1026:.
1000:.
974:.
948:.
922:.
896:.
870:.
844:.
818:.
792:.
765:.
740:.
714:.
687:.
683:.
657:.
604:.
600:.
574:.
543:.
530:^
508:^
490:.
464:.
460:.
361:,
352:,
159:,
155:,
2870:)
2862:(
2207:e
2200:t
2193:v
2176:.
2150:.
2124:.
2097:.
2071:.
2044:.
2018:.
1992:.
1966:.
1940:.
1914:.
1888:.
1857:.
1826:.
1800:.
1769:.
1739:.
1713:.
1687:.
1661:.
1635:.
1609:.
1583:.
1557:.
1531:.
1505:.
1479:.
1453:.
1427:.
1401:.
1375:.
1349:.
1323:.
1297:.
1271:.
1245:.
1219:.
1193:.
1167:.
1141:.
1115:.
1089:.
1063:.
1037:.
1011:.
985:.
959:.
933:.
907:.
881:.
855:.
829:.
803:.
777:.
751:.
725:.
699:.
668:.
642:.
616:.
585:.
559:.
502:.
476:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.