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European Union in terms of natural gas, oil, and coal. Still, relations between the
European Union and Russia have experienced great tension after the position of the European Union and member states on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. According to the Council of the European Union, the EU decided to ban coal imports from Russia in August 2022 and has denied 90% of Russian oil imports since September 2022. The EU has focused 3.5% of its income to oil and gas productions in the beginning of the Ukraine war.
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1073:, in order to lower price levels for Western nations and deprive Russia of its profits. After G7 finance ministers expressed their intention to implement a price cap, a Kremlin spokesman responded, "companies that impose a price cap will not be among the recipients of Russian oil." Energy analysts have also expressed skepticism that a price cap would be realistic because the coalition is "not broad enough";
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further increase by 17% to 323 million in 2022. The two countries together account for almost 30% of global wheat exports and play a key role in global fertiliser supply. Russia's blockade of Black Sea ports disrupted food and other commodity exports from
Ukraine, while the broader military campaign put the 2022 harvest at risk.
1170:—the first of several new German LNG terminals being opened with an abbreviated regulatory process following the Russian invasion of Ukraine—received its first load of LNG in mid-December to initiate the commissioning process of the new terminal. The shipment was of US natural gas that had been carried from the recently opened
277:, diverting supply away from traditional LNG customers in Asia. Because gas frequently sets the price at which electricity is sold, power prices soared as well. Both LNG producers and importers rushed to build new infrastructure to increase LNG export/import capacity, but these costly projects take years to come online.
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current design of the electricity market no longer does justice to consumers. They should reap the benefits of low-cost renewable energy sources. Therefore, we need to separate the dominant influence of gas on the price of electricity. That is why we are undertaking a deep and comprehensive electricity market reform.”
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Power generation companies and companies operating in the fossil fuel sector have enjoyed windfall profits due to the current
European market situation, which has led the European Commission to impose mandatory contributions on these companies as a temporary measure to limit the impact of the crisis.
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In a note highlighting short-term actions that can relieve the energy situation, the president of the EU commission and its members conveyed mission areas in which member states should act. A regulation to fill gas storages, diversify the supply sources of energy and commit to reducing the demand for
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The
European Commission proposed the REPowerEU plan to reduce the EU's dependency on Russian energy supplies by fast-forwarding the clean energy transition of the EU. The Commission outlined a concept that will contribute to the acceleration of the EU energy transition by scaling up the deployment of
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The debate has intensified in Europe on mechanisms to reform the energy and electricity market in the face of this crisis. One proposed solution is separating gas prices from electricity prices. As
European Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen stated in her 2022 State of the Union Address: “The
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In this regard, the
European Union is facing a great challenge and pressure from European consumers and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to find solutions to reduce the effects of this crisis. Therefore, the European Commission proposes measures and urgent actions to reduce the cost of bills
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In 2023, approximately 32% of EU enterprises have invested in new, climate friendly business sectors and technology, to stay up to date with the green transition. When compared to the United States, more
European Union businesses invest in or implement renewable energy and sustainable transportation.
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and mineral fertilizers results in large quantities of indirect energy consumption, with these inputs being highly energy intensive to manufacture. While the share varies considerably between regions—depending on factors such as weather conditions and crop types—direct and non-direct energy costs can
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This contention between Russia and the
European Union has led to an increase in the price of gas and electricity. European citizens pay this higher price to meet their daily needs, and the industrial and commercial enterprises that use energy to produce their products, which will lead to an increase
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Russia is a leading producer and exporter of oil and gas. In 2020, it was the third largest oil producer in the world, behind the United States and Saudi Arabia, with 60% of its oil exports going to Europe. Russia is traditionally the world's second-largest producer of natural gas, behind the United
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Cutting energy consumption is a crucial topic of discussion and debate in Europe. The
European Parliament, alongside other key EU institutions, has pledged to reduce heating to conserve power. For example, offices of the European Commission have reduced their heating and humidification temperatures
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In August 2022, a regulation has passed under which member states agreed to reduce their demand for gas by 15%. This could be implemented with measures suitable to them. Although the adoption of this regulation was voluntary, the
European council can reduce the demand for gas mandatory when running
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and other "friendly" natural gas supplier states for the extremely high prices of their supplies, saying that Europeans are "paying four times more than the price you sell to your industry. That is not exactly the meaning of friendship." For most of the time over the past ten years, the German spot
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The special temporary tax will be calculated on taxable profits during the year 2022 and at the rate of no less than 33% of excess profits in the oil, gas, coal, and refining sectors. These solidarity contributions will help alleviate the severity of the current crisis. These contributions will be
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EU member states have adopted a regulation to fill gas storage and share them in a spirit of solidarity. Although the EU countries face this crisis together as a bloc, the stake is different for each country. Countries with a higher import and use of Russian gas will be affected significantly more
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According to Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega, the director of the energy and climate center at the French institute for international relations, Europe is no longer the continent of stability and peace it once was. It now has the highest energy cost prices compared to the rest of the world, and strategic
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Natural gas prices in Europe reached their highest point in September 2022 at a multiple of roughly 25 compared to two years prior. While gas prices are currently falling quickly on the spot market, the cost to distribute gas in the coming year will still be close to €150 per MWh, or a multiple of
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On 13 July 2022, the Kremlin expressed hope that a visit by President Biden to Saudi Arabia to boost OPEC oil production would not foster anti-Russian sentiments there. Russia is the largest oil and gas exporter after Saudi Arabia and enjoys a highly valued cooperation with the Arab country in the
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The IEA has also published action plans to cut oil use with immediate impact, as well as plans for how Europe can reduce its reliance on Russian gas and how common citizens can reduce their energy consumption. This includes a 10-point action plan to reduce the EU's reliance on Russian Natural Gas.
850:"continues to propose dangerous policies such as the ban on combustible engines in 2035, or carbon allowances for transport and individual housing. Due to improper legislature and speculation, the price of emission allowances has gone out of control, resulting in the surging costs of electricity."
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Energy prices continue to be a key issue for companies in the EU, with many citing it as a factor for potential investment cuts. With the increase in energy prices in the EU (as compared to 30% of US firms experiencing this), it would take over a decade for energy costs to stabilise at low levels.
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in the 2022–2023 winter. With demand for coal increasing in Asia and elsewhere, global coal consumption rose by 1.2% in 2022 to more than 8 billion tonnes for the first time in history; coal-fired power plants have been reopened or had their decommissioning postponed, and coal-production caps have
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In 2023, 64% of firms that took part in a survey on investment were concerned about energy prices, while 46% were concerned about regulatory frameworks and pricing instability. Businesses in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe reported a higher rate of energy consumption increases of 25% or more
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Food prices increased steeply as Covid lockdowns were lifted and rose even higher following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, putting millions of people at risk. According to the World Food Programme, the number of people facing acute food insecurity more than tripled between 2017 and 2021, and could
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Higher energy prices pushed families into poverty, forced some factories to curtail output or even shut down, and slowed economic growth. It was estimated in 2022 that an additional 11 million Europeans could be driven to poverty due to energy inflation. Europe's gas supply is uniquely vulnerable
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In the first collective action following the invasion, agreed on 1 March 2022, IEA member countries committed to release 62.7 million barrels of emergency oil stocks. On 1 April, they agreed to make a further 120 million barrels available from emergency reserves, the largest stock release in the
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Indeed, in April this year, Spain and Portugal obtained preliminary approval from the European Commission to set a maximum gas price of 50 euros/MWh for an entire year. This decision and violation of European market rules were justified because Spain and Portugal can get gas from North African
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has been increased by up to 15% for November 2021, but it was unclear whether this increase would have an immediate effect on the natural gas supply in Europe. Furthermore, such an increase in gas delivery was hindered by a lack of modernization of the Ukrainian gas pipelines, according to the
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Since the last months of 2021 and until now, Europe has experienced an unprecedented increase in gas and energy automation, especially after Russia invaded Ukraine, where Russia has reduced its gas production and exports to EU countries. Russia is considered the most important supplier of the
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On 29 September 2022, Germany presented a €200 billion plan to support industry and households. German Economy Minister Robert Habeck complained that the United States and other "friendly" gas supplier nations were profiting from the Ukraine war with "astronomical prices". He called for more
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Europeans rushed to increase gas imports from producers such as Algeria, Norway and Azerbaijan. EU members also introduced gas storage obligations and agreed on voluntary targets to cut gas and electricity demand by 15% through efficiency measures, greater use of renewables, and support for
655:. The agriculture and food industries use energy for various purposes. Direct energy use includes electricity for automated water irrigation, fuel consumption for farm machinery and energy required at various stages of food processing, packaging, transportation and distribution. The use of
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In general, many residents can no longer pay their energy expenses. Governments throughout Europe have responded—according to Bruegel, €674 billion have been set aside, with €264 billion going to Germany alone, to protect businesses and consumers from rising energy costs.
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An example of the sharp increase in energy and food prices since Russia's invasion of Ukraine is the proportion of energy-poor German households—those that spend more than 10% of their net income on energy bills— which has doubled since 2021 to 41%.
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pipelines and therefore do not depend primarily on Russian gas, which places them in a safe position. Portugal had 1—3% increase in electricity prices, limited partially due to high levels of domestic sources such as hydropower, solar and wind.
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account for 40% to 50% of total variable costs of cropping in advanced economies such as the United States. Higher energy and fertiliser prices therefore inevitably translate into higher production costs, and ultimately into higher food prices.
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In 2023, 70% of EU enterprises expect energy prices to rise by more than a quarter, compared to only 30% of US firms. In the same year, results from a survey showed that 51% of EU enterprises polled invested in energy efficiency.
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in the rate of inflation in Europe, higher prices, a decline in the purchasing power of citizens, and hence the contraction of the European economy. High oil prices have driven a depreciation in the euro and imported inflation.
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According to the IEA, approximately 100 million people with access to clean cooking may switch back to unhealthy cooking, and 75 million people who had recently gained access to electricity may no longer be able to afford it.
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pipeline's certification was later suspended. Russia had already refused to increase exports to Europe before its invasion, and the state reacted to European sanctions by reducing gas deliveries to Germany through the
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European customers have proved that price signals can be useful by voluntarily reducing their gas consumption by 23% in August and 7% overall so far in 2022 compared to the average over the previous three years.
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markets. The crisis was caused by a variety of economic factors, including the rapid post-pandemic economic rebound that outpaced energy supply, and escalated into a widespread global energy crisis following the
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by an astonishing five to ten years". In Europe and the US, the green transition is viewed as a danger by 41% of energy-intensive manufacturers, compared to 31% of enterprises in non-energy heavy industries.
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prices, easing gas taxes, or even lowering the price of carbon dioxide emissions. These short-term solutions lower electricity bills but go exactly in the opposite direction of what is needed to prevent the
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said that "Europe today is too reliant on gas and too dependent on gas imports. The answer has to do with diversifying our suppliers ... and, crucially, with speeding up the transition to clean energy."
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stated that there "is a huge demand from all our customers, and unfortunately we cannot cater for everybody. Unfortunately, in my view, this is due to the market not investing enough in the industry."
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Energy savings and energy efficiency were most often mentioned as responses to the energy shock by businesses in Europe, but they were less likely to renegotiate their energy contracts. (62% vs. 67%).
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States, and has the world's largest gas reserves and is the world's largest gas exporter. In 2021, the country produced 762 bcm of natural gas, and exported approximately 210 bcm via pipeline.
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on Iran's oil and gas industry are lifted, Iran will have every capability to tackle the global energy crisis. The Biden administration was pressed on potential oil deals with Saudi Arabia,
899:. The price of oil was about US$ 80 by October 2021, the highest since 2014. The United States delivered 16 billion cubic meters of LNG to Europe in January 2022, and 6 billion in February.
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692:, this energy crisis has also increased the use of coal in energy production worldwide. Coal use in Europe increased by 14% in 2021, and was expected to rise another 7% in 2022. Soaring
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1047:, part of the economic response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 18 May 2022, the European Union published plans to end its reliance on Russian oil, natural gas and coal by 2027.
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resulted in the pipes becoming inoperable. European Union and NATO officials said the leaks were caused by sabotage, but did not name a responsible party. Other pipelines, such as the
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1008:. The two coordinated drawdowns in 2022 are the fourth and fifth in the history of the IEA, which was created in 1974. Previous collective actions were taken in 1991, 2005 and 2011.
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667:, warned European politicians that if they move away from natural gas production too soon, the price of fertilizers will rise and more people in the world will suffer from hunger.
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The European Commission and the EU member states work together and individually on possible ways to keep gas and energy available in the EU for the winter of 2022 and the future.
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435:+ claimed it is trying to prevent price volatility, although some analysts believe the goal is to increase oil prices, which had decreased over the previous few months.
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and the European Union signed a trilateral agreement to increase natural-gas sales to European countries seeking alternative sources to lessen their dependence on
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called the plan "absurd". Likely the U.S. and the E.U. will attempt to follow through with the plan by limiting Russia's access to Western insurance services.
1039:, one of the world's largest exporters of liquefied natural gas. Habeck said Germany plans to end imports of Russian natural gas by mid-2024. In May 2022, the
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energy by 15 percent EU member states have adopted this winter. With this, the underground gas reserves of the EU are filled to 83 percent of their capacity.
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370:, the drought "reduced hydropower in Norway, threatened nuclear reactors in France and crimped coal transport in Germany." Record droughts in China and
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1545:"2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: Majority of Europeans say the war in Ukraine and high energy prices should accelerate the green transition"
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and protect consumers and businesses. 82% of EU firms are worried about the energy crisis, with 60% of businesses seeing it as a major issue.
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were filled on about 8 November. Norway had increased gas production and lower coal prices in China also helped lower natural gas prices.
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due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, however, have made renewable-energy sources more attractive, and a February 2023 analysis by
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to "offset previous production cuts that OPEC+ imposed during the pandemic until well into 2022." On 28 September 2021, Sullivan met in
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redistributed to all European consumers, including low-income families in the Member States, SMEs, and energy-intensive companies.
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denied that Russia is withholding gas supplies for political reasons. According to the ambassador, delivery of natural gas through
439:'s foreign ministry stated that the OPEC+ decision was "purely economic" and taken unanimously by all members of the conglomerate.
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because of its historic reliance on Russia, while many emerging economies have seen higher energy import bills and fuel shortages.
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However, the European Commission has yet to decide on this issue, despite numerous suggestions from member states such as Greece.
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concept. This plan aims to produce and import 10 million tons of renewable Hydrogen respectively in the EU by 2030 (REPowerEU).
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prices have made coal more competitive in many markets, and some nations have resorted to coal as a substitute for potential
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told the European Parliament in Strasbourg that "about one fifth" of the energy price increase "can be attributed to rising
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3118:"Andrej Babiš: It is absolutely crucial for individual states to choose their own energy mix to achieve carbon neutrality"
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785:, for help during a meeting at the UN General Assembly in September 2021. EU suspended an antitrust investigation into
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4321:"70 million people may not be able to afford electricity; 100 million may give up cooking with clean fuels, warns IEA"
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Priorities of respondents to an EU survey to address the energy and climate crisis in the EU, UK, China and the U.S.
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Additionally, as Europe sought to replace Russian gas, it bid up prices of U.S., Australian, and Qatari ship-borne
1694:"Europe's drought is a problem for coal, nuclear, and hydro plants—but the economic impact goes way beyond energy"
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framework of the OPEC group. But at current levels, major Gulf producers have little to spare, and Russia blames
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4870:"European Energy Crisis Response: Emergency Intervention to Address High Energy Prices & Upcoming Measures"
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price for electricity has been below €40 per MWh. Spot prices have increased to over €200 on average in 2022.
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pipeline, which it fully halted in early September, although the pipelines continued to contain natural gas.
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in 2019–2020 caused a rapid drop in energy demand and a corresponding cut in oil production, and despite the
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225:. The price of natural gas reached record highs, and as a result, so did electricity in some markets.
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1516:"China needs more coal to avert a power crisis — but it's not likely to turn to Australia for supply"
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had serious consequences for hydropower generation and power plant cooling systems. According to the
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983:, energy company profits increased with greater revenues from higher fuel prices resulting from the
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4459:"Emergency intervention to address high energy prices in the EU | Think Tank | European Parliament"
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3943:"Oil from sanctioned Venezuela to help Europe replace Russian crude as soon as next month: report"
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What drives firms' investment in climate change? Evidence from the 2022-2023 EIB Investment Survey
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insisted that there are no plans to backtrack on the bloc's Green Deal, which aims to make the EU
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suggested: "the best answer to this problem today is to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels."
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According to a survey conducted in 2022, significant uncertainty also reduces investment in
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4987:"Extraordinary Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council (Energy), 9 September 2022"
4672:"Europe's decoupling of electricity and gas prices: the crisis is temporary, so why do it?"
3584:"A 10-Point Plan to Reduce the European Union's Reliance on Russian Natural Gas – Analysis"
2544:"Russia is squeezing Europe's gas supplies, sparking a bitter and reluctant return to coal"
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in 2014, and subsequently tightened after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022; the new
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in Glasgow, Czech Prime Minister Babiš denounced the European Green Deal, saying that the
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3671:"Germany Signs Energy Deal With Qatar As It Seeks To reduce Reliance On Russian Supplies"
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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A 10-point plan to reduce the European Union's reliance on Russian natural gas
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4262:"Europe now has so much natural gas that prices just dipped below zero | CNN Business"
2885:"UK seeks long-term gas deal with Qatar, asks to become 'supplier of last resort' -FT"
1992:"Business EU moves to speed up energy investments amid Ukraine war, rising gas prices"
1931:"Oil Market and Russian Supply – Russian supplies to global energy markets – Analysis"
1603:"Brazil's Drought Pressures Power Grid, Boosting Case for Renewables—and Fossil Fuels"
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Net income of the global oil and gas industry reached a record US$ 4 trillion in 2022.
640:. The development of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer has significantly supported global
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in 2021, with much of the globe facing shortages and increased prices in oil, gas and
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712:
683:
641:
251:
213:
7523:
2366:
2331:
Erisman, Jan Willem; MA Sutton, J Galloway, Z Klimont, W Winiwarter (October 2008).
1004:
IEA's history, which coincided with the release of additional barrels from the U.S.
174:
7508:
7005:
6726:
6329:
6247:
6165:
6003:
5884:
5482:
5438:
5195:
4753:"Greeks pitch new electricity market model as fight over market reform intensifies"
4043:
2829:
2354:
1344:
1142:
solidarity by the U.S. to assist energy-pressed allies in Europe. French President
1135:
944:
697:
652:
645:
420:
344:
5090:
4734:"Portuguese consumers barely noticed energy crisis thanks to renewables: official"
3089:"COP26: Babiš to focus on European energy crisis, EU Green Deal's economic impact"
2714:
1433:
7815:
7764:
7638:
7548:
7543:
7513:
7498:
7457:
7238:
7228:
6970:
6721:
6610:
6536:
6339:
6334:
6264:
6232:
6143:
5859:
5418:
4445:
4291:
4116:
3792:
1143:
5045:"EU plans 'solidarity contribution' from oil and gas firms during energy crisis"
3234:"Oil analysts predict a prolonged rally as OPEC resists calls to ramp up supply"
1843:"Extreme drought could cost California half its hydroelectric power this summer"
1198:
by 4 percentage points. This is magnified when climate investments are included.
819:
7681:
7579:
7528:
7467:
7075:
6995:
6985:
6975:
6916:
6891:
6600:
6541:
6472:
6359:
6344:
6153:
6091:
5836:
5250:
4811:"Rising energy prices: European Union countries' views on medium-term policies"
2238:
1995:
1349:
1319:
1093:
807:
On 28 October 2021, natural gas prices in Europe dropped by at least 12% after
511:
4409:"'We got too comfortable': the race to build an LNG terminal in north Germany"
4048:
2466:"Ditching gas to save the planet risks mass starvation, top UN economist says"
2145:
991:
of projects shut down in Russia, and backing off from earlier plans to reduce
7850:
7810:
7795:
7462:
7427:
7422:
7412:
7143:
7100:
7065:
6694:
6575:
6548:
6482:
5874:
5765:
5753:
5499:
5494:
5302:
4057:
3565:
3373:"Soaring gas prices not a crisis, reflect lack of investment -Qatar minister"
2584:
2090:
1727:
1339:
1324:
1297:
1131:
1032:
876:
782:
774:
707:
563:
545:
412:
407:
3431:"Europe's energy crisis: Continent 'too reliant on gas,' says von der Leyen"
3147:"Turning to foreign leaders to fix our energy crisis is a shameful solution"
651:
Rising energy prices are pushing agricultural costs higher, contributing to
7739:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7203:
7133:
7025:
7015:
7010:
7000:
6990:
6876:
6856:
6801:
6585:
6553:
6492:
6389:
6291:
6197:
6074:
6008:
5622:
5148:
5126:
5104:
5082:
4413:
3613:"How gas rationing at Germany's BASF plant could plunge Europe into crisis"
3460:"EU countries look to Brussels for help with 'unprecedented' energy crisis"
2019:
1080:
In June 2022, the United States government agreed to allow Italian company
1066:
996:
951:
896:
888:
835:
702:
436:
348:
226:
3824:"Oil prices jump after EU leaders agree to ban most Russian crude imports"
3285:"Iran ready to resolve global energy crisis if sanctions lifted: minister"
2856:"UK asks Qatar to become gas 'supplier of last resort' amid energy crisis"
431:
In October 2022, OPEC+ cut oil production by two million barrels per day.
7790:
7666:
7173:
7095:
7045:
6866:
6836:
6781:
6771:
6457:
6136:
6119:
6037:
5899:
5869:
5864:
5413:
3761:"The EU just proposed a ban on oil from Russia, its main energy supplier"
3566:"Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?"
2514:"Global coal demand is set to return to its all-time high in 2022 – News"
1028:
786:
693:
502:
7382:
4110:"German minister criticizes U.S. over ‘astronomical’ natural gas prices"
2690:"Is the European Union on track to meet its REPowerEU goals? – Analysis"
1754:"Europe's driest summer in 500 years threatens crops, energy production"
1723:"Droughts rattle Europe's hydropower market, intensifying energy crisis"
867:. Iran has the world's second-largest natural gas reserves after Russia.
331:
in almost a century threatened its electricity supply. Brazil relies on
7830:
7825:
7572:
7223:
7090:
7080:
6846:
6684:
6590:
3882:"Kremlin hopes Biden will not seek to turn Saudi Arabia against Russia"
2079:"Seeking Leverage Over Europe, Putin Says Russian Gas Flow Will Resume"
2015:"Gas prices hit record high again as Ukraine invasion disrupts markets"
1814:"China's Drought Threatens Nation's Energy, Food and Economic Security"
1116:
656:
637:
371:
332:
263:
1092:
to Europe to replace oil imports from Russia. French Finance Minister
811:
announced it would increase supplies to Europe after Russian domestic
7835:
7820:
7805:
7785:
7218:
6949:
6896:
6841:
6831:
6741:
6689:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6595:
6276:
5904:
5831:
5789:
5428:
5423:
4080:"Germany to mobilise €200bn economic 'shield' to field energy crisis"
2402:"Russia-Ukraine war worsens fertilizer crunch, risking food supplies"
2117:"Germany freezes Nord Stream 2 gas project as Ukraine crisis deepens"
988:
910:
872:
470:
290:
204:
4546:"Council formally adopts emergency measures to reduce energy prices"
2358:
1305:
588:
527:
7800:
7780:
7348:
7213:
7193:
7188:
7168:
7163:
6939:
6929:
6851:
6786:
6558:
6286:
6242:
6237:
6101:
5164:
5095:, International Energy Agency, International Energy Agency.
4841:"Analysis: The hardest part is yet to come for gas-hoarding Europe"
4575:"InvestEU supports energy efficiency and social housing in Germany"
4084:
3062:
3031:
2205:"OPEC+ cuts oil production by 2m barrels a day despite US pressure"
1380:
International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
648:
is currently fed as a result of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use.
339:
4900:"Energy savings: How EU governments plan to cut their consumption"
4599:"China's Return From Holiday to Shape Next Phase of Energy Crunch"
2265:"How the energy crisis is exacerbating the food crisis – Analysis"
741:
Overall, the response to this rising crisis has been to return to
7674:
6881:
6871:
6751:
6746:
6661:
5599:
5556:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5388:
4958:"REPowerEU: affordable, secure and sustainable energy for Europe"
4162:"Macron Accuses US of Trade 'Double Standard' Amid Energy Crunch"
3205:"U.S. crude oil price tops $ 80 a barrel, the highest since 2014"
1291:
1115:. In July 2022, the European Commission signed an agreement with
1031:
announced plans to build two new LNG terminals. Economy Minister
955:
808:
797:
746:
598:
328:
296:
178:
Natural gas prices in Europe and United States, 2018 – July 2022
4439:
Germany Welcomes First LNG Carrier At New Wilhelmshaven Terminal
2998:"Russia seen starting to fill Europe's gas storage after Nov. 8"
2915:"Qatar Petroleum no longer in EU antitrust crosshairs – sources"
1902:"Infographic: How much of your country's oil comes from Russia?"
1872:"How the Western drought is pushing the power grid to the brink"
1661:"The Green Brief: Europe's energy price crunch dilemna [
112:
7198:
7085:
7070:
7060:
7020:
6934:
5517:
5393:
5117:, International Energy Agency. International Energy Agency.
4782:"The European Union demand response to high natural gas prices"
4350:"Access to electricity – SDG7: Data and Projections – Analysis"
4200:"How does the energy crisis affect the transition to net zero?"
3058:"Putin promises gas to a Europe struggling with soaring prices"
2796:"Global reaction to energy crisis risks zero carbon transition"
2767:"Can Europe's $ 375 Billion in Relief Keep People Warm Enough?"
1147:
1104:
1085:
1074:
625:
554:
324:
5016:"Council agrees on emergency measures to reduce energy prices"
4379:"To cap or not to cap: the deal Europe needs on energy prices"
3489:"Russia denies withholding gas supplies for political reasons"
3344:"Pariahs no more? US reaches out to oil states as prices rise"
2937:"Sinopec signs huge LNG deals with US producer Venture Global"
1058:
Since the June 2022 G7 meeting, plans had been circulating to
7759:
6980:
6954:
6924:
6886:
6826:
6821:
6816:
5136:
How the energy crisis is exacerbating the food crisis
4517:"EU plans 'emergency intervention' to halt energy price rise"
4002:"EU signs deal with Azerbaijan to double gas imports by 2027"
3176:"Top White House aide discussed oil prices with Saudi Arabia"
1108:
1036:
924:
796:
signed three long-term supply deals with China's state-owned
766:
728:
European enterprises will need to find strategies to cope.
616:
607:
581:
286:
5152:
5130:
5108:
5086:
3853:"EU unveils 210 bln euro plan to ditch Russian fossil fuels"
2176:"Druzhba pipeline leak reduces Russian oil flows to Germany"
7744:
7317:
7208:
7148:
6901:
6379:
5465:
4839:
Twidale, Susanna; Rashad, Marwa; Chow, Emily (2022-12-20).
3793:"Russian oil: EU agrees compromise deal on banning imports"
1207:
1020:
914:
902:
880:
742:
572:
520:
432:
259:
3402:"EU chief says key to energy crisis is pushing Green Deal"
2579:"War and subsidies have turbocharged the green transition"
2572:
2570:
2568:
2234:"Saudi Arabia: OPEC+ oil production cut 'purely economic'"
834:
reported that "Despite the impact of high energy prices,
769:
to seek a long-term gas deal to ensure a stable supply of
7040:
6906:
6679:
3797:
3765:
3731:"Germany seeks to wean itself off Russian energy imports"
3642:"German minister heads to Qatar to seek gas alternatives"
2715:"EIB Investment Report: Transforming for competitiveness"
2406:
1243:
competitors now have an advantage over European players.
1081:
1035:
said Germany reached a long-term energy partnership with
3702:"Qatar Says Talks With Germany on LNG Contracts Ongoing"
3027:"The Green Brief: East-West EU split again over climate"
663:
In May 2022, Máximo Torero, chief economist at the U.N.
636:
Natural gas is a significant key component in producing
27:
Worldwide crisis affected by shortage of energy supplies
6669:
4232:"National fiscal policy responses to the energy crisis"
2565:
2437:"How the energy crisis is exacerbating the food crisis"
822:
blamed a record-breaking surge in energy prices on the
343:
reported that European Commissioner for Climate Action
5691:
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
2333:"How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world"
455:
Regional effects of the 2021–2022 global energy crisis
270:
further stressed the delivery of extracted petroleum.
245:
4292:"Some reflections on current gas market price trends"
3973:"Israel, Egypt, EU sign initial gas export agreement"
3562:● Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in
3527:. International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61.
2968:"Gas prices slump as Putin boosts supplies to Europe"
293:, which was China's largest source of imported coal.
212:
A global energy crisis began in the aftermath of the
7270:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
4133:"Macron Pledges to Talk Tough on Gas When G-7 Meets"
3510:
2641:
EIB Investment Survey 2023 - European Union overview
1287:
800:
to supply liquefied natural gas. China's imports of
3543:
3541:
3341:
1574:"Brazil warns of energy crisis with record drought"
7750:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
7696:The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
5629:Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!
3342:Knickmeyer, Ellen; Bussewitz, Cathy (2022-03-10).
2958:
2577:
4838:
4400:
3314:"Iran Rises Above Russia On The Oil Market Radar"
2825:"Why Boris Johnson's Qatar gas plan is a cop out"
2174:Strzelecki, Marek; Murray, Miranda (2022-10-12).
2138:
1783:"Heat and Drought in Europe Strain Energy Supply"
7848:
7433:Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
4815:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
4786:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
4698:
4696:
4383:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
4236:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4030:Baunsgaard, Thomas; Vernon, Nate (August 2022).
4029:
3538:
2173:
2146:"Why has Russia stopped gas supplies to Europe?"
754:in temperatures, increasing the likelihood of a
285:In December 2020, after months of restrictions,
3937:
3935:
3790:
2115:Chambers, Madeline; Marsh, Sarah (2022-02-22).
2043:
2041:
1227:
644:—it has been estimated that almost half of the
4226:
4224:
4032:"Taxing Windfall Profits in the Energy Sector"
2741:EIB Investment Report 2023/2024 - Key Findings
1632:"Drought squeezes Brazil's electricity supply"
1138:to prevent hindering its further development.
711:found that the invasion had "fast-tracked the
297:Climate abnormality impact on renewable energy
262:responded slowly to the demand recovery under
7333:
5805:
5180:
4693:
4183:
3758:
3550:"Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022"
2114:
2077:Eddy, Melissa; Cohen, Patricia (2022-07-20).
1492:"Recent crises threaten investment in Europe"
478:happened when fertilizer prices spiked then.
5147: This article incorporates text from a
5125: This article incorporates text from a
5103: This article incorporates text from a
5081: This article incorporates text from a
4623:"Ukraine war heats up energy poverty debate"
3932:
2430:
2428:
2383:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2038:
1957:
1955:
1899:
1255:than those with less import and dependency.
1177:
7703:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
5681:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
4432:
4221:
2489:EIB Investment Survey 2023 - CESEE overview
2435:Levi, Peter; Molnar, Gergely (2022-06-14).
2396:
2394:
2070:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1390:2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute
1060:cap the price of Russian energy commodities
1055:for higher energy prices around the world.
426:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7340:
7326:
5812:
5798:
5637:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
5187:
5173:
4289:
3911:"Why The Russian Oil Price Cap Won't Work"
2434:
1270:
1122:In August 2022, policy specialists at the
995:. Record profits sparked public calls for
4708:European Commission - European Commission
4567:
4406:
4047:
2764:
2425:
2076:
1952:
950:In late October 2021, Russian ambassador
943:European Commissioner for Climate Action
905:oil minister Javad Owji said if U.S.-led
266:, causing a supply-demand imbalance. The
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
5151:work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (
5129:work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (
5107:work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (
5085:work. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (
4929:"EU action to address the energy crisis"
4750:
4731:
3263:"Europe Is Running Out Of Space For LNG"
2990:
2738:Bank, European Investment (2024-02-07).
2638:Bank, European Investment (2023-10-12).
2611:Bank, European Investment (2023-04-12).
2541:
2486:Bank, European Investment (2024-01-17).
2391:
2292:
1417:
1335:Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
1231:
1208:Decoupling of gas and electricity prices
1014:
974:
966:
852:
587:
526:
469:
388:Russian military buildup outside Ukraine
300:
173:
137:of all important aspects of the article.
6732:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
4738:Recharge | Latest renewable energy news
4648:"World Energy Transitions Outlook 2022"
4488:"EU sanctions against Russia explained"
2964:
2606:
2604:
2602:
1126:recommended that governments institute
1043:proposed and approved a partial ban on
773:(LNG) to the UK. Former Prime Minister
374:also threatened hydropower generation.
14:
7849:
6606:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
6365:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
5819:
5363:Russian floating nuclear power station
4259:
3970:
3547:
2012:
377:
256:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
133:Please consider expanding the lead to
7730:International Renewable Energy Agency
7321:
5793:
5168:
4897:
2481:
2479:
2049:"What caused the UK's energy crisis?"
1395:2020–2022 world oil market chronology
1100:to replace some Russian oil imports.
1096:said that France negotiated with the
280:
6737:China National Petroleum Corporation
5507:Russia in the European energy sector
5194:
4751:Kurmayer, Nikolaus J. (2022-07-28).
3563:
2912:
2737:
2731:
2637:
2631:
2610:
2599:
2485:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1375:2021–2023 global supply chain crisis
917:that would have them increase their
745:and other polluting energy sources,
677:
459:
268:2021–2022 global supply chain crisis
106:
70:
29:
7408:Global energy crisis (2021–present)
5541:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
671:than the EU average (77% vs. 68%).
396:energy supply from Russia to Europe
335:for two-thirds of its electricity.
246:Slow supply recovery after pandemic
24:
7453:Renewable energy commercialization
6797:National Iranian South Oil Company
6513:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
5531:2007 Russian North Pole expedition
5384:Electric power companies of Russia
5161:, International Energy Agency.
5139:, International Energy Agency.
2476:
1963:"Russia's War on Ukraine – Topics"
25:
7898:
7373:Predicting the timing of peak oil
7265:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
7154:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
6807:Oil & Gas Development Company
5589:2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis
4290:Canestrini, Chiara (2021-12-09).
1479:
1119:to increase natural gas imports.
701:been removed. The high prices of
665:Food and Agriculture Organization
474:Fertilizer prices 1992–2022. The
442:
45:This article has multiple issues.
18:2021–present global energy crisis
7633:A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash
7381:
7302:
7301:
5771:
5759:
5747:
5736:
5735:
5546:Territorial claims in the Arctic
5142:
5120:
5098:
5092:IEA Global Energy Crisis
5076:
5037:
5008:
4979:
4950:
4921:
4891:
4862:
4832:
4803:
4774:
4744:
4725:
4664:
4640:
4615:
4591:
4538:
4509:
4480:
4451:
4407:Oltermann, Philip (2022-08-19).
3572:from the original on 2023-04-22.
3560:from the original on 2023-03-31.
3534:from the original on 2023-08-07.
3273:from the original on 2022-02-19.
3122:Government of the Czech Republic
2925:from the original on 2022-02-20.
2002:from the original on 2022-03-01.
1304:
1290:
1134:in the energy sector, excluding
879:released a statement calling on
765:The UK government has turned to
466:World food crises (2022–present)
423:, largely continued to operate.
311:2020–2023 North American drought
289:fully blocked coal imports from
111:
75:
34:
6812:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
5114:Russia's War on Ukraine
5055:from the original on 2022-12-09
5026:from the original on 2022-12-09
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4469:from the original on 2022-12-09
4448:, OilPrice.com, 3 January 2023.
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2186:from the original on 2023-01-16
2167:
2156:from the original on 2022-09-04
2127:from the original on 2022-04-29
2108:
2097:from the original on 2022-10-01
2059:from the original on 2022-10-17
2027:from the original on 2022-03-06
2006:
1984:
1973:from the original on 2022-12-07
1941:from the original on 2022-10-16
1923:
1912:from the original on 2022-10-17
1893:
1882:from the original on 2022-09-08
1864:
1853:from the original on 2022-09-08
1835:
1824:from the original on 2022-09-08
1806:
1795:from the original on 2022-09-08
1775:
1764:from the original on 2023-01-16
1746:
1735:from the original on 2022-09-08
1715:
1704:from the original on 2022-09-08
1686:
1675:from the original on 2022-07-15
1642:from the original on 2021-11-27
1613:from the original on 2022-02-22
1584:from the original on 2022-02-26
1555:from the original on 2022-11-16
1526:from the original on 2021-11-25
1444:from the original on 2022-12-06
1103:Additionally, on 15 June 2022,
792:In October 2021, U.S. producer
653:increasing food prices globally
125:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
7280:Society of Petroleum Engineers
7051:Port Harcourt Refining Company
6717:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
5664:2021–2023 global energy crisis
4732:Radowitz, Bernd (2024-03-25).
3791:Steve Rosenberg (2022-05-31).
3518:"World Energy Investment 2023"
2965:Millard, Rachel (2021-10-28).
2765:Gillespie, Todd (2022-09-05).
1653:
1624:
1595:
1566:
1537:
1508:
1455:
1146:criticized the United States,
1069:and E.U. Commission President
935:European Commission President
229:hit their highest level since
135:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
7735:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
6226:Production sharing agreements
5686:2024 Lukoil transit sanctions
5471:Russia–Saudi Arabia relations
5276:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
4296:Florence School of Regulation
2666:"Renewable energy statistics"
2296:Green Energy: An A-to-Z Guide
1410:
1400:Strategic natural gas reserve
875:'s national security adviser
404:Russia's annexation of Crimea
7347:
7260:Canadian petroleum companies
7255:American Petroleum Institute
6792:National Iranian Oil Company
6777:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
5153:license statement/permission
5131:license statement/permission
5109:license statement/permission
5087:license statement/permission
3971:Harkov, Lahav (2022-06-15).
3759:Bill Chappell (2022-05-04).
2913:Chee, Foo Yun (2022-02-11).
2744:. European Investment Bank.
2644:. European Investment Bank.
2617:. European Investment Bank.
2542:Meredith, Sam (2022-06-21).
2492:. European Investment Bank.
1228:Electricity demand reduction
1023:was forced to cut production
1019:The German chemical company
731:
187:NBP (UK) natural gas prices
7:
7725:International Energy Agency
7275:International Energy Agency
6260:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
5608:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
4898:Tidey, Alice (2022-08-02).
4260:Cooban, Anna (2022-10-26).
2441:International Energy Agency
1438:International Energy Agency
1283:
1124:International Monetary Fund
1006:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
985:Russian invasion of Ukraine
861:(2018), based on data from
859:natural gas proven reserves
476:2007–2008 world food crisis
417:Gas leaks in late September
275:liquefied natural gas (LNG)
223:Russian invasion of Ukraine
10:
7903:
6862:PTT Public Company Limited
6463:East Midlands Oil Province
6448:List of natural gas fields
6048:Integrated asset modelling
5070:
3548:Bousso, Ron (2023-02-08).
2013:Davies, Rob (2022-03-04).
1434:"IEA Global Energy Crisis"
1405:Lukoil oil transit dispute
1168:Wilhelmshaven LNG terminal
1062:as initially suggested by
979:After recovering from the
842:by 2050." Speaking at the
681:
463:
452:
446:
364:driest summer in 500 years
308:
7773:
7712:
7624:
7557:
7476:
7390:
7379:
7355:
7297:
7247:
7234:Weatherford International
7113:
6963:
6915:
6767:Iraq National Oil Company
6703:
6660:
6645:
6636:
6521:
6438:
6320:
6206:
6100:
6028:
5971:
5930:
5923:
5845:
5827:
5731:
5721:Unfriendly countries list
5669:2021–2023 inflation surge
5649:
5597:
5578:
5554:
5515:
5437:
5376:
5338:
5243:
5202:
4049:10.5089/9798400218736.068
2293:Mulvaney, Dustin (2011).
1370:2021–2023 inflation surge
1178:EU emergency intervention
818:Hungarian Prime Minister
762:efficiency improvements.
449:2021–2023 inflation surge
240:
84:This article needs to be
7882:2023 in economic history
7872:2022 in economic history
7862:2021 in economic history
5490:Germany–Russia relations
5230:Greenhouse gas emissions
4579:European Investment Bank
4204:European Investment Bank
3564:King, Ben (2023-02-12).
2800:climateactiontracker.org
2719:European Investment Bank
1496:European Investment Bank
993:greenhouse gas emissions
891:with Saudi Crown Prince
779:Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
427:OPEC supply restrictions
315:2022 European heat waves
185:National Balancing Point
7285:World Petroleum Council
7159:China Oilfield Services
6216:Petroleum fiscal regime
5915:Western Canadian Select
5910:West Texas Intermediate
5778:Renewable energy portal
5526:Arctic policy of Russia
5454:Energy policy of Russia
5441: and disputes
5346:Electric power industry
5155:). Text taken from
5133:). Text taken from
5111:). Text taken from
5089:). Text taken from
5020:www.consilium.europa.eu
4991:www.consilium.europa.eu
4550:www.consilium.europa.eu
4492:www.consilium.europa.eu
1607:The Wall Street Journal
1312:Renewable energy portal
1271:Solidarity contribution
1174:terminal in Louisiana.
1113:Russian energy supplies
1064:U.S. Treasury Secretary
1053:international sanctions
1045:oil imports from Russia
987:, falling debt levels,
962:
804:will more than double.
736:
400:International sanctions
7615:Twilight in the Desert
6762:Indian Oil Corporation
6248:Submersible pump (ESP)
6193:Underbalanced drilling
6014:of gasoline and diesel
5478:China–Russia relations
5368:Thermal power stations
5358:List of power stations
5339:Electricity generation
4463:www.europarl.europa.eu
1385:2020s commodities boom
1259:Hydrogen known as the
1247:on security supplies.
1236:
1128:windfall profits taxes
1024:
1000:
972:
868:
690:inflationary pressures
629:
585:
524:
402:were introduced after
306:
209:
7755:Post Carbon Institute
7519:James Howard Kunstler
7484:Albert Allen Bartlett
7363:Fossil fuel phase-out
7139:Cameron International
6581:Petrodollar recycling
6564:fossil fuel phase-out
6127:Differential sticking
6080:Reflection seismology
6053:Petroleum engineering
5895:OPEC Reference Basket
5674:2022–2023 food crises
2299:. SAGE. p. 301.
1365:2022–2023 food crises
1360:Fossil fuel phase-out
1235:
1018:
978:
970:
929:Saad Sherida al-Kaabi
856:
771:liquefied natural gas
682:Further information:
591:
530:
512:Triple Superphosphate
473:
453:Further information:
304:
177:
7689:PetroApocalypse Now?
7661:Escape from Suburbia
7566:The Limits to Growth
7036:Occidental Petroleum
6350:1990 oil price shock
6176:Shale oil extraction
6149:Drilling engineering
6132:Directional drilling
6058:Reservoir simulation
4962:commission.europa.eu
4933:commission.europa.eu
1261:Hydrogen accelerator
1098:United Arab Emirates
1084:and Spanish company
1071:Ursula von der Leyen
937:Ursula von der Leyen
844:COP26 climate summit
319:2022 China heat wave
203: United States
7654:The End of Suburbia
7534:Dale Allen Pfeiffer
7494:Kenneth S. Deffeyes
7403:2000s energy crisis
7398:1970s energy crisis
7368:Hubbert peak theory
7184:Naftiran Intertrade
7129:Amec Foster Wheeler
7056:Reliance Industries
6945:Naftiran Intertrade
6757:Hindustan Petroleum
6355:2000s energy crisis
5696:during the invasion
2973:The Daily Telegraph
2351:2008NatGe...1..636E
1330:1970s energy crisis
1041:European Commission
927:'s energy minister
893:Mohammed bin Salman
848:European Commission
824:European Commission
752:1.5 degree increase
378:Russo-Ukrainian war
7720:Energy Watch Group
7587:The Long Emergency
7504:John Michael Greer
7031:Marathon Petroleum
6453:List of oil fields
6063:Reservoir modeling
5821:Petroleum industry
5706:2023 oil sanctions
5701:2022 oil sanctions
5516:Disputes over the
5351:in Imperial Russia
5308:Barents Sea fields
5298:Petroleum industry
5235:Ministry of Energy
4444:2023-01-15 at the
4115:2022-10-18 at the
3977:The Jerusalem Post
2150:Al Jazeera English
2083:The New York Times
1900:Al Jazeera Staff.
1788:The New York Times
1237:
1172:Venture Global LNG
1090:oil from Venezuela
1027:German chancellor
1025:
1001:
973:
869:
864:CIA World Factbook
794:Venture Global LNG
789:in February 2022.
756:climate apocalypse
646:world's population
630:
586:
525:
494:Potassium chloride
362:In 2022, Europe's
307:
281:Coal trade dispute
210:
207:natural gas prices
197:natural gas prices
7887:2023 in transport
7877:2022 in transport
7867:2021 in transport
7844:
7843:
7625:Documentary films
7539:Richard Rainwater
7489:Colin J. Campbell
7418:Export Land Model
7391:Results/responses
7315:
7314:
7293:
7292:
7179:Nabors Industries
7109:
7108:
6307:Well intervention
6282:Petroleum product
6181:Ljungström method
6085:Seismic inversion
6070:Petroleum geology
6024:
6023:
5787:
5786:
5645:
5644:
5536:Continental shelf
5225:Energy superpower
5215:Economy of Russia
4122:. 5 October 2022.
2751:978-92-861-5741-7
2651:978-92-861-5609-0
2624:978-92-861-5537-6
2499:978-92-861-5652-6
2338:Nature Geoscience
2306:978-1-4129-9677-8
2209:www.aljazeera.com
1906:www.aljazeera.com
1355:Energy transition
1196:energy efficiency
981:COVID-19 pandemic
684:Energy transition
678:Energy transition
642:population growth
592:Commodity Prices
460:World food crises
252:COVID-19 pandemic
214:COVID-19 pandemic
170:
169:
162:
152:
151:
105:
104:
68:
16:(Redirected from
7894:
7601:The Party's Over
7509:Richard Heinberg
7385:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7319:
7318:
7305:
7304:
7006:Hess Corporation
6727:Bharat Petroleum
6658:
6657:
6643:
6642:
6330:1967 Oil Embargo
6166:Lost circulation
6004:Posted oil price
5928:
5927:
5885:Isthmus-34 Light
5814:
5807:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5775:
5763:
5751:
5739:
5738:
5651:Ukraine invasion
5513:
5512:
5483:Power of Siberia
5377:Energy companies
5320:Renewable energy
5196:Energy in Russia
5189:
5182:
5175:
5166:
5165:
5146:
5124:
5102:
5080:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5049:www.euractiv.com
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4757:www.euractiv.com
4748:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4521:www.euractiv.com
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4455:
4449:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4196:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4129:
4123:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4051:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3947:Business Insider
3939:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3561:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3522:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3406:Associated Press
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3348:Associated Press
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2830:Evening Standard
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2608:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2581:
2574:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2374:
2369:. Archived from
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1488:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1440:. October 2022.
1430:
1345:Energy democracy
1314:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1136:renewable energy
945:Frans Timmermans
802:U.S. natural gas
713:green transition
698:energy rationing
623:
614:
605:
596:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
537:Food Price Index
534:
518:
509:
500:
491:
482:
421:Druzhba pipeline
345:Frans Timmermans
202:
192:
182:
165:
158:
147:
144:
138:
115:
107:
100:
97:
91:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7902:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7840:
7769:
7765:Transition town
7708:
7620:
7553:
7549:Matthew Simmons
7544:Michael Ruppert
7514:M. King Hubbert
7499:David Goodstein
7472:
7458:Rimini protocol
7386:
7377:
7351:
7346:
7316:
7311:
7289:
7243:
7239:John Wood Group
7229:Valaris Limited
7122:
7119:
7116:
7105:
6971:APA Corporation
6959:
6911:
6710:
6707:
6699:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6638:
6632:
6533:Classification
6517:
6440:
6434:
6370:Nationalization
6340:1979 oil crisis
6335:1973 oil crisis
6316:
6302:Water injection
6270:Steam injection
6265:Gas reinjection
6233:Artificial lift
6202:
6144:Drill stem test
6096:
6020:
5967:
5919:
5841:
5823:
5818:
5788:
5783:
5727:
5653:
5641:
5593:
5574:
5550:
5511:
5442:
5433:
5419:Sakhalin Energy
5372:
5334:
5239:
5220:Energy security
5198:
5193:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5058:
5056:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5029:
5027:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5000:
4998:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4971:
4969:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4942:
4940:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4913:
4911:
4896:
4892:
4883:
4881:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4854:
4852:
4837:
4833:
4824:
4822:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4795:
4793:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4766:
4764:
4749:
4745:
4730:
4726:
4717:
4715:
4702:
4701:
4694:
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4117:Wayback Machine
4108:
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4042:(2022/002): 1.
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2941:Financial Times
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2359:10.1038/ngeo325
2345:(10): 636–639.
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2100:
2098:
2075:
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2047:
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2039:
2030:
2028:
2011:
2007:
1990:
1989:
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1961:
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1953:
1944:
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1413:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1273:
1230:
1210:
1180:
1144:Emmanuel Macron
989:tax write-downs
965:
897:high oil prices
895:to discuss the
871:U.S. President
840:climate neutral
739:
734:
686:
680:
628:
621:
619:
612:
610:
603:
601:
594:
584:
577:
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568:
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541:
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516:
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507:
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498:
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489:
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468:
462:
457:
451:
445:
429:
394:threatened the
390:and subsequent
380:
352:
321:
299:
283:
248:
243:
208:
200:
198:
190:
188:
180:
166:
155:
154:
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120:This article's
116:
101:
95:
92:
89:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7900:
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7869:
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7859:
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7839:
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7757:
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7727:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7706:
7699:
7692:
7685:
7682:The Oil Factor
7678:
7671:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7643:
7636:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7611:
7604:
7597:
7590:
7583:
7580:The End of Oil
7576:
7569:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7529:Jeremy Leggett
7526:
7524:Jean Laherrère
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7480:
7478:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7468:Swing producer
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
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7394:
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7359:
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7313:
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7310:
7309:
7298:
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7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
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7231:
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7221:
7216:
7211:
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7176:
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7141:
7136:
7131:
7125:
7123:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7076:Surgutneftegas
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6996:Eneos Holdings
6993:
6988:
6986:ConocoPhillips
6983:
6978:
6976:Cenovus Energy
6973:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6921:
6919:
6917:Energy trading
6913:
6912:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6713:
6711:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6666:
6664:
6655:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6603:
6601:Swing producer
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6566:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6531:
6525:
6523:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6473:Gulf of Mexico
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6360:2010s oil glut
6357:
6352:
6347:
6345:1980s oil glut
6342:
6337:
6332:
6326:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6212:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6154:Drilling fluid
6151:
6146:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6112:
6106:
6104:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6092:Seismic source
6089:
6088:
6087:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5890:Japan Cocktail
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5837:Primary energy
5834:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5817:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5794:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5769:
5757:
5745:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5660:
5658:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5604:
5602:
5598:Disputes with
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5585:
5583:
5579:Disputes with
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5555:Disputes with
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5450:
5448:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:Climate change
5206:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5140:
5118:
5096:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5051:. 2022-09-13.
5036:
5007:
4978:
4964:. 2022-05-18.
4949:
4920:
4890:
4876:. 2022-10-03.
4861:
4831:
4802:
4773:
4743:
4724:
4704:"Press corner"
4692:
4678:. 2022-09-30.
4663:
4639:
4614:
4590:
4566:
4537:
4523:. 2022-08-30.
4508:
4479:
4450:
4431:
4399:
4385:. 2022-11-25.
4370:
4341:
4327:. 2022-10-27.
4312:
4282:
4252:
4220:
4182:
4168:. 2022-10-21.
4153:
4139:. 2022-09-06.
4124:
4102:
4088:. 2022-09-30.
4071:
4022:
4008:. 2022-07-18.
3993:
3963:
3949:. 2022-06-05.
3931:
3902:
3888:. 2022-07-13.
3873:
3859:. 2022-05-18.
3844:
3830:. 2022-05-31.
3815:
3783:
3751:
3737:. 2022-03-25.
3735:Deutsche Welle
3722:
3708:. 2022-09-21.
3693:
3679:. 2022-03-20.
3662:
3648:. 2022-03-19.
3646:Deutsche Welle
3633:
3619:. 2022-09-16.
3604:
3590:. 2022-03-03.
3575:
3537:
3509:
3495:. 2021-10-17.
3480:
3466:. 2021-10-06.
3451:
3437:. 2021-10-20.
3422:
3408:. 2021-10-20.
3393:
3379:. 2021-09-21.
3364:
3334:
3305:
3291:. 2021-10-05.
3276:
3269:. 2022-02-18.
3254:
3240:. 2021-10-05.
3225:
3211:. 2021-10-08.
3196:
3182:. 2021-10-01.
3167:
3153:. 2021-08-16.
3138:
3124:. 2021-11-01.
3109:
3095:. 2021-11-01.
3080:
3066:. 2021-10-13.
3049:
3035:. 2021-10-20.
3018:
3004:. 2021-10-27.
2989:
2957:
2943:. 2021-10-20.
2928:
2905:
2891:. 2021-11-06.
2876:
2862:. 2021-11-07.
2847:
2833:. 2021-11-17.
2816:
2787:
2757:
2750:
2730:
2706:
2681:
2657:
2650:
2630:
2623:
2598:
2564:
2534:
2520:. 2022-07-28.
2505:
2498:
2475:
2457:
2424:
2410:. 2022-04-12.
2390:
2373:on 2010-07-23.
2323:
2305:
2285:
2271:. 2022-06-14.
2256:
2242:. 2022-10-13.
2239:Deutsche Welle
2225:
2196:
2166:
2152:. 2022-09-04.
2137:
2107:
2069:
2055:. 2021-09-21.
2037:
2005:
1998:. 2022-03-01.
1996:Deutsche Welle
1983:
1951:
1922:
1892:
1878:. 2022-08-16.
1863:
1849:. 2022-06-01.
1834:
1820:. 2022-08-31.
1805:
1791:. 2022-08-18.
1774:
1760:. 2022-08-22.
1745:
1731:. 2022-08-05.
1728:S&P Global
1714:
1700:. 2022-08-05.
1685:
1671:. 2021-09-29.
1652:
1638:. 2021-09-03.
1623:
1609:. 2021-10-11.
1594:
1580:. 2021-09-01.
1565:
1536:
1522:. 2021-10-26.
1507:
1478:
1454:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Energy subsidy
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Price controls
1316:
1315:
1301:
1285:
1282:
1272:
1269:
1251:by 2 °C.
1229:
1226:
1209:
1206:
1179:
1176:
1132:economic rents
1094:Bruno Le Maire
997:windfall taxes
964:
961:
919:oil production
885:oil production
738:
735:
733:
730:
679:
676:
620:
611:
602:
593:
576:
567:
558:
549:
540:
531:
515:
506:
497:
488:
479:
464:Main article:
461:
458:
447:Main article:
444:
443:Global effects
441:
428:
425:
379:
376:
368:New York Times
350:
298:
295:
282:
279:
247:
244:
242:
239:
199:
189:
179:
168:
167:
150:
149:
129:the key points
119:
117:
110:
103:
102:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7899:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7857:Energy crises
7855:
7854:
7852:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7713:Organizations
7711:
7705:
7704:
7700:
7698:
7697:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7658:
7656:
7655:
7651:
7649:
7648:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7616:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7598:
7596:
7595:
7591:
7589:
7588:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7556:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7463:Simple living
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7428:Hirsch report
7426:
7424:
7423:Food vs. fuel
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7413:Energy crisis
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7384:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7343:
7338:
7336:
7331:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7308:
7300:
7299:
7296:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7246:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7112:
7102:
7101:Valero Energy
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7066:Suncor Energy
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6702:
6696:
6695:TotalEnergies
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6644:
6641:
6639:organisations
6637:Companies and
6635:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6576:Petrocurrency
6574:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6549:Oil shale gas
6547:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6530:
6529:Abbreviations
6527:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6488:Permian Basin
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6437:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6425:United States
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6385:Seven Sisters
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:Core sampling
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5875:Indian Basket
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5815:
5810:
5808:
5803:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5766:Energy portal
5762:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5754:Russia portal
5750:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5711:gas price cap
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5648:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5500:Nord Stream 2
5498:
5496:
5495:Nord Stream 1
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:2022 invasion
5440:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5303:Barents Basin
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:Hydroelectric
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5084:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5011:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4653:
4652:www.irena.org
4649:
4643:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4604:
4603:Bloomberg.com
4600:
4594:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4435:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4403:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3755:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3542:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3098:
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3090:
3084:
3069:
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3064:
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3003:
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2993:
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2653:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2587:
2586:
2585:The Economist
2580:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2480:
2472:. 2022-05-17.
2471:
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2298:
2297:
2289:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1844:
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1546:
1540:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1497:
1493:
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7443:Pickens Plan
7438:Permaculture
7204:Schlumberger
7134:Baker Hughes
7026:Marathon Oil
7016:Imperial Oil
7011:Husky Energy
7001:Galp Energia
6991:Devon Energy
6877:Saudi Aramco
6857:Petrovietnam
6802:NNPC Limited
6706:National oil
6586:Petrofiction
6554:Orphan wells
6522:Other topics
6493:Persian Gulf
6420:Saudi Arabia
6390:Standard Oil
6198:Well logging
6075:Petrophysics
5776:
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5623:Kharkiv Pact
5459:Soviet Union
5313:West Siberia
5293:Oil reserves
5288:Oil industry
5266:LNG industry
5157:
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122:lead section
93:
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48:
47:Please help
44:
7774:Other peaks
7356:Core issues
7174:Halliburton
7046:Phillips 66
6867:QatarEnergy
6837:Petrobangla
6772:KazMunayGas
6662:Supermajors
6611:heavy crude
6498:Prudhoe Bay
6478:Niger Delta
6458:Caspian Sea
6221:Concessions
6171:Measurement
6137:Geosteering
6120:Squeeze job
6030:Exploration
5979:Consumption
5938:Consumption
5931:Natural gas
5860:Bonny Light
5414:Rosneftegaz
5271:Natural gas
4676:Energy Post
3093:Czech Radio
2123:. Reuters.
1029:Olaf Scholz
883:+ to boost
787:QatarEnergy
747:subsidizing
694:natural gas
688:Aside from
638:fertilizers
503:Phosphorite
218:electricity
7851:Categories
7816:Phosphorus
7608:Power Down
7594:Out of Gas
7573:Beyond Oil
7224:Transocean
7091:Tullow Oil
7081:TechnipFMC
6847:PetroChina
6685:ExxonMobil
6591:Shale band
6468:East Texas
6441:and fields
6255:Downstream
6208:Production
6115:Completion
6043:Geophysics
5984:Production
5943:Production
5880:Indonesian
5855:Argus Sour
5847:Benchmarks
5613:of 2005–06
5256:Geothermal
5059:2022-12-09
5030:2022-12-09
5001:2022-12-09
4972:2022-12-09
4943:2022-12-09
4914:2022-12-09
4884:2022-12-09
4855:2022-12-23
4825:2022-12-23
4796:2022-12-23
4767:2022-12-09
4718:2022-12-09
4686:2022-12-09
4657:2023-01-25
4633:2023-01-25
4608:2023-01-25
4584:2023-01-25
4560:2022-12-09
4531:2022-12-09
4502:2022-12-09
4473:2022-12-09
4425:2022-10-08
4393:2022-12-23
4364:2022-12-23
4335:2022-12-23
4306:2022-12-23
4276:2022-12-23
4246:2022-12-23
4214:2022-12-23
4176:2022-11-02
4147:2022-11-02
4096:2022-10-01
4016:2022-10-18
4006:Al Jazeera
3987:2022-06-21
3957:2022-06-14
3925:2022-10-01
3896:2022-10-01
3867:2022-07-31
3838:2022-10-18
3809:2022-10-18
3777:2022-05-14
3745:2022-10-01
3716:2022-10-18
3687:2022-06-14
3656:2022-06-14
3627:2022-10-01
3598:2022-12-12
3503:2022-10-01
3474:2021-10-22
3445:2021-10-22
3416:2021-10-22
3387:2021-10-22
3358:2022-03-10
3328:2022-02-21
3299:2021-10-24
3248:2021-10-28
3219:2021-10-28
3190:2021-10-26
3161:2021-10-26
3132:2021-11-03
3103:2021-11-03
3074:2021-10-20
3043:2021-10-20
3012:2021-10-28
2983:2021-10-28
2951:2021-11-03
2899:2021-11-21
2870:2021-11-21
2841:2021-11-21
2810:2022-09-21
2781:2022-09-21
2724:2024-02-12
2700:2023-11-15
2675:2023-11-15
2592:2023-02-15
2558:2022-10-01
2528:2022-10-01
2451:2022-06-16
2418:2022-07-31
2317:2022-07-31
2279:2022-12-12
2250:2022-11-02
2219:2022-10-17
2190:2022-10-17
2160:2022-09-04
2131:2022-02-24
2101:2022-10-01
2063:2022-10-17
2031:2022-05-14
1977:2022-12-12
1945:2022-10-17
1916:2022-10-17
1886:2022-09-08
1857:2022-09-08
1828:2022-09-08
1799:2022-09-08
1768:2022-09-08
1739:2022-09-08
1708:2022-09-08
1679:2021-11-03
1646:2021-11-03
1617:2021-11-03
1588:2021-11-03
1578:Al-Jazeera
1559:2022-11-16
1530:2021-10-28
1501:2023-03-31
1472:2023-03-31
1448:2022-12-06
1411:References
1117:Azerbaijan
1088:to import
828:Green Deal
657:pesticides
372:California
333:hydropower
309:See also:
264:new normal
227:Oil prices
96:March 2022
50:improve it
7219:TC Energy
7120:companies
6950:Trafigura
6897:Sonatrach
6842:Petrobras
6832:Pertamina
6742:Ecopetrol
6708:companies
6652:companies
6650:petroleum
6626:tight oil
6621:oil shale
6616:oil sands
6596:Shale gas
6537:sweet oil
6508:Venezuela
6483:North Sea
6439:Provinces
6430:Venezuela
6277:Midstream
5972:Petroleum
5832:Petroleum
5656:sanctions
5429:Yamal LNG
5424:Transneft
4166:Bloomberg
4137:Bloomberg
4066:252105037
4058:2957-4390
4036:IMF Notes
3706:Bloomberg
2860:Doha News
2771:Bloomberg
2439:. Paris:
2091:0362-4331
1847:The Verge
1636:France 24
911:Venezuela
907:sanctions
873:Joe Biden
732:Responses
327:'s worst
323:In 2021,
291:Australia
205:Henry Hub
127:summarize
56:talk page
7811:Minerals
7640:Collapse
7349:Peak oil
7307:Category
7214:Subsea 7
7194:Petrofac
7189:NOV Inc.
7169:GE Power
7164:Enbridge
7118:services
6940:Mercuria
6930:Glencore
6892:Sonangol
6852:Petronas
6787:Naftogaz
6559:Peak oil
6542:sour oil
6297:Upstream
6292:Refining
6287:Pipeline
6243:Pumpjack
6238:Gas lift
6159:invasion
6102:Drilling
5989:Reserves
5948:Reserves
5742:Category
5443:(before
5439:Politics
5053:Archived
5024:Archived
4995:Archived
4966:Archived
4937:Archived
4908:Archived
4904:euronews
4878:Archived
4849:Archived
4819:Archived
4790:Archived
4761:Archived
4712:Archived
4680:Archived
4627:POLITICO
4554:Archived
4525:Archived
4496:Archived
4467:Archived
4442:Archived
4419:Archived
4387:Archived
4358:Archived
4329:Archived
4300:Archived
4270:Archived
4240:Archived
4208:Archived
4170:Archived
4141:Archived
4120:cnbc.com
4113:Archived
4090:Archived
4085:Euractiv
4010:Archived
3981:Archived
3951:Archived
3919:Archived
3890:Archived
3861:Archived
3832:Archived
3803:Archived
3771:Archived
3739:Archived
3710:Archived
3681:Archived
3650:Archived
3621:Archived
3592:Archived
3570:Archived
3558:Archived
3529:Archived
3497:Archived
3468:Archived
3464:Politico
3439:Archived
3435:Euronews
3410:Archived
3381:Archived
3352:Archived
3322:Archived
3293:Archived
3271:Archived
3242:Archived
3213:Archived
3184:Archived
3155:Archived
3151:The Hill
3126:Archived
3097:Archived
3068:Archived
3063:Politico
3037:Archived
3032:Euractiv
3006:Archived
3002:Euronews
2977:Archived
2945:Archived
2923:Archived
2893:Archived
2864:Archived
2835:Archived
2804:Archived
2775:Archived
2552:Archived
2522:Archived
2470:Politico
2445:Archived
2412:Archived
2367:94880859
2311:Archived
2273:Archived
2244:Archived
2213:Archived
2184:Archived
2154:Archived
2125:Archived
2095:Archived
2057:Archived
2025:Archived
2000:Archived
1971:Archived
1939:Archived
1910:Archived
1880:Archived
1851:Archived
1822:Archived
1818:VOA News
1793:Archived
1762:Archived
1733:Archived
1702:Archived
1673:Archived
1669:Euractiv
1640:Archived
1611:Archived
1582:Archived
1553:Archived
1524:Archived
1442:Archived
1284:See also
959:source.
832:Politico
392:invasion
340:Euractiv
7675:GasHole
6882:Sinopec
6872:Rosneft
6752:Gazprom
6747:Equinor
6675:Chevron
6322:History
6188:Tracers
6110:Blowout
5999:Exports
5994:Imports
5958:Exports
5953:Imports
5618:of 2009
5600:Ukraine
5581:Georgia
5570:of 2007
5565:of 2004
5557:Belarus
5409:Rosneft
5404:Rosatom
5399:Novatek
5389:Gazprom
5283:Nuclear
5244:Sources
5071:Sources
4845:Reuters
3886:Reuters
3857:Reuters
3568:. BBC.
3554:Reuters
3525:IEA.org
3377:Reuters
3180:Reuters
2919:Reuters
2889:Reuters
2347:Bibcode
2180:Reuters
2121:Reuters
1758:Reuters
1698:Fortune
1549:EIB.org
956:Ukraine
903:Iranian
830:plans.
809:Gazprom
798:Sinopec
599:Soybean
555:Cereals
353:pricing
329:drought
86:updated
7791:Copper
7477:People
7248:Others
7199:Saipem
7096:Tüpraş
7086:TNK-BP
7071:Sunoco
7061:Repsol
7021:Lukoil
6964:Others
6935:Gunvor
6569:timing
6503:Russia
6415:Norway
6400:France
6395:Canada
5716:CAATSA
5518:Arctic
5394:Lukoil
5203:Topics
4064:
4056:
2748:
2648:
2621:
2496:
2365:
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