242:
219:
141:
116:
1211:, with higher levels in the early evening and lower levels in the morning. ACTH levels, ACTH receptor expression, and MRAP1 expression also demonstrate circadian rhythm, with ACTH secretion and MRAP expression highest in the evening, suggesting that MRAP expression is responsible for CORT secretory regulation. However, with exposure to constant light, the rhythmic expression of the ACTH receptor and MRAP genes reversed, suggesting ACTH-independent signalling pathways for MRAP and ACTH receptor transcription and expression.
500:
493:
248:
147:
1330:(FGD) type 1, in which patients have high levels of serum ACTH and low levels of cortisol. Mutation of the receptor gene causes 25% of FGD, and mutation on the MRAP gene causes 20% of FGD. Mutations of ACTH can also contribute to this pathology: mutation of the "message sequence" inhibits cAMP production when bound to the ACTH receptor, and mutation of the "address sequence" inhibits binding to the receptor altogether.
1239:
has been demonstrated in several types of test animals: rats and hamsters primarily respond to ACTH, rabbits respond to alpha and beta MSH's (therefore not using the ACTH receptor), and guinea pigs responding to both ACTH and other MSH's. In humans, ACTH has little lipolytic effect on adipose tissue.
1104:
The full length sequence of MC2R includes seven hydrophobic domains that are predicted as transmembrane segments. In the third intracellular loop of the receptor a protein kinase A and protein kinase c phosphorylation motifs have been detected. ACTH receptors also require the binding of
1941:
Iwen KA, Senyaman O, Schwartz A, Drenckhan M, Meier B, Hadaschik D, Klein J (March 2008). "Melanocortin crosstalk with adipose functions: ACTH directly induces insulin resistance, promotes a pro-inflammatory adipokine profile and stimulates UCP-1 in adipocytes".
2853:
Roy S, Rached M, Gallo-Payet N (July 2007). "Differential regulation of the human adrenocorticotropin receptor by human MC2R accessory protein isoforms alpha and beta in isogenic human embryonic kidney 293 cells".
1092:
are relatively distantly-related with a sequence identity of approximately 26%, MC2R investigators such as David
Fridmanis have assumed that the folded surfaces of both receptors that are responsible for binding
255:
154:
1073:
family and are the smallest known G-coupled receptors. Both human and bovine ACTH receptors are synthesized as 297 residue long proteins with 81% sequence homology. There are currently no available
2280:
Cone RD, Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Nadeau JH, Johnson KR, Roselli-Rehfuss L, Mortrud MT (May 1993). "Cloning and functional characterization of a family of receptors for the melanotropic peptides".
2680:
Naville D, Barjhoux L, Jaillard C, Saez JM, Durand P, Bégeot M (April 1997). "Stable expression of normal and mutant human ACTH receptor: study of ACTH binding and coupling to adenylate cyclase".
2502:"Localization of the genes encoding the melanocortin-2 (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and melanocortin-3 receptors to chromosomes 18p11.2 and 20q13.2-q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization"
2717:
Penhoat A, Naville D, Jaillard C, Durand P, Bégeot M (May 1997). "Presence of multiple functional polyadenylation signals in the 3′-untranslated region of human corticotropin receptor cDNA".
2746:
Ishii T, Ogata T, Sasaki G, Sato S, Kinoshita EI, Matsuo N (September 2000). "Novel mutations of the ACTH receptor gene in a female adult patient with adrenal unresponsiveness to ACTH".
1988:
Park SY, Walker JJ, Johnson NW, Zhao Z, Lightman SL, Spiga F (May 2013). "Constant light disrupts the circadian rhythm of steroidogenic proteins in the rat adrenal gland".
5887:
5714:
2583:"Demonstration by transfection studies that mutations in the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene are one cause of the hereditary syndrome of glucocorticoid deficiency"
1275:
neutrophils. These profound anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to increase GC's are why ACTH therapy is still used today. It is often used as treatment for
2968:
2420:
Clark AJ, McLoughlin L, Grossman A (February 1993). "Familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with point mutation in the adrenocorticotropin receptor".
2170:
Clark AJ, McLoughlin L, Grossman A (February 1993). "Familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with point mutation in the adrenocorticotropin receptor".
2616:
Naville D, Jaillard C, Barjhoux L, Durand P, Bégeot M (January 1997). "Genomic structure and promoter characterization of the human ACTH receptor gene".
723:
704:
77:
5180:
1251:-dependent and -independent pathways. The GC-dependent pathway activates ACTH receptors to increase levels of cortisol which bind GC receptors. Via
2891:
6538:
6053:
4118:
6563:
6558:
6528:
6078:
6073:
5880:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
1235:. Demonstrated in mice, ACTH promotes lipolysis in response to increased energy demand, notably in times of stress. Lipolytic activity due to
6489:
6357:
6170:
1525:
1507:
6292:
6239:
6553:
6543:
6533:
6523:
6068:
6058:
6048:
6043:
5050:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6190:
6185:
6180:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5440:
5435:
2383:
Mountjoy KG, Robbins LS, Mortrud MT, Cone RD (August 1992). "The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors".
955:
6596:
6337:
6267:
6224:
5979:
5873:
5471:
4816:
2961:
2928:
962:
6431:
6426:
6362:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6282:
6175:
6165:
6145:
5946:
5941:
5431:
4217:
4212:
2032:
1843:"Regions of melanocortin 2 (MC2) receptor accessory protein necessary for dual topology and MC2 receptor trafficking and signaling"
5455:
5137:
5132:
5127:
4093:
2033:"Characterization of murine melanocortin receptors mediating adipocyte lipolysis and examination of signalling pathways involved"
5511:
4381:
4208:
6622:
5122:
4068:
1490:
6632:
4296:
4108:
3578:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
2954:
2785:"Clinical, genetic, and functional characterization of adrenocorticotropin receptor mutations using a novel receptor assay"
2934:
5109:
3758:
2459:"Hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with abnormalities of the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene"
2215:"Hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with abnormalities of the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene"
1469:
5014:
3983:
1640:"Mechanism of corticotropin and cAMP induction of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 system enzymes in adrenal cortex cells"
1327:
241:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
3871:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3292:
2262:
1723:
5465:
5460:
4400:
4395:
3476:
3471:
218:
2820:"Impaired desensitization of a mutant adrenocorticotropin receptor associated with apparent constitutive activity"
5644:
5551:
4405:
3651:
3406:
1494:
1473:
1148:
ligand for MC2R (ACTH receptor). This suggests that there is more protein-related specificity for binding MC2R.
6436:
6244:
6117:
5951:
5500:
5495:
5029:
4270:
4265:
4113:
3962:
3957:
1054:
1043:
768:
5034:
140:
115:
749:
5491:
3831:
3826:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3042:
3037:
3032:
2581:
Naville D, Barjhoux L, Jaillard C, Faury D, Despert F, Esteva B, Durand P, Saez JM, Begeot M (April 1996).
1304:
57:
2500:
Gantz I, Tashiro T, Barcroft C, Konda Y, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Glover T, Munzert G, Yamada T (October 1993).
6411:
6214:
6102:
6033:
5921:
5025:
3592:
3587:
3048:
3028:
2546:
Gantz I, Konda Y, Tashiro T, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Munzert G, Watson SJ, DelValle J, Yamada T (April 1993).
4025:
4020:
3876:
3866:
3861:
3846:
3841:
3814:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3541:
3078:
3073:
3068:
2981:
2903:
2818:
Swords FM, Baig A, Malchoff DM, Malchoff CD, Thorner MO, King PJ, Hunyady L, Clark AJ (December 2002).
2501:
1312:
1085:
254:
153:
2354:
Tatro JB (1997). "Receptor biology of the melanocortins, a family of neuroimmunomodulatory peptides".
1307:. This is problematic long-term and can lead to ACTH-receptor pathway-related side effects including:
6484:
6317:
6160:
6009:
4062:
4057:
4052:
3822:
3708:
3536:
3518:
3499:
3492:
3011:
2946:
247:
146:
44:
5617:
5486:
5446:
5092:
4016:
3978:
3837:
3626:
3550:
3504:
2994:
2921:
1992:. Fifteenth Conference on the Adrenal Cortex (Adrenal 2012) League City, Texas June 19 – 22, 2012.
1232:
1193:
934:
930:
926:
905:
875:
867:
863:
838:
65:
6637:
6397:
6200:
6088:
5907:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4290:
4285:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4048:
3932:
3900:
3895:
3857:
3852:
3763:
3487:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1208:
1074:
938:
901:
871:
842:
6312:
6155:
4003:
3998:
3915:
3910:
3509:
3110:
3105:
2031:
Møller CL, Raun K, Jacobsen ML, Pedersen TÅ, Holst B, Conde-Frieboes KW, Wulff BS (July 2011).
1424:
1389:
1320:
1109:) without which ACTH receptors cannot bind ACTH. Without MRAP, the receptor is degraded in the
1804:"cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of the bovine adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) receptor"
1243:
ACTH receptor activation also influences immune function. Melanocortins, including ACTH, have
5896:
5548:
4386:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4326:
4281:
4178:
4041:
4036:
3988:
3891:
3886:
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3557:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3115:
3100:
2977:
1308:
1236:
1110:
1077:
1070:
1035:
129:
5598:
5256:
4568:
4391:
4376:
3953:
3906:
3583:
3562:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
2392:
2289:
2090:
1300:
1255:
and faster non-genomic pathways, this causes, among other immune responses, a reduction in
619:
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
4242:
4237:
4232:
1589:"ACTH Receptor (MC2R) Specificity: What Do We Know About Underlying Molecular Mechanisms?"
85:
8:
6601:
5421:
4356:
4247:
4031:
3994:
3459:
3088:
3020:
2940:
1141:
2917:
2396:
2293:
2094:
6627:
5899:
5640:
5151:
4975:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4011:
3386:
3359:
3096:
2771:
2705:
2645:
Yang YK, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Dickinson C, Yamada T, Barsh GS, Gantz I (March 1997).
2445:
2313:
2301:
2195:
2114:
2102:
2063:
2013:
1967:
1918:
1893:
1869:
1842:
1615:
1588:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1224:
1220:
1098:
89:
2730:
2693:
2564:
2547:
2483:
2458:
2239:
2214:
1909:
1659:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
556:
551:
546:
541:
5506:
5450:
5096:
4826:
4821:
4276:
3973:
3322:
2871:
2841:
2806:
2763:
2759:
2734:
2697:
2668:
2633:
2604:
2569:
2534:
2488:
2437:
2433:
2408:
2371:
2342:
2305:
2244:
2187:
2183:
2152:
2106:
2055:
2005:
1971:
1959:
1923:
1874:
1823:
1819:
1779:
1705:
1664:
1620:
1566:
1339:
1244:
1156:
Agouti-related protein and Agouti-signaling protein are antagonist peptides to MC2R.
1081:
37:
2709:
2449:
2317:
2199:
2118:
2067:
2017:
1700:
1683:
5865:
4301:
4223:
4073:
2863:
2831:
2796:
2755:
2726:
2689:
2658:
2625:
2594:
2559:
2524:
2516:
2478:
2470:
2429:
2400:
2363:
2334:
2325:
Allolio B, Reincke M (1997). "Adrenocorticotropin receptor and adrenal disorders".
2297:
2234:
2226:
2179:
2144:
2098:
2047:
1997:
1951:
1913:
1905:
1864:
1854:
1815:
1769:
1695:
1654:
1639:
1610:
1600:
1556:
1276:
1256:
1204:
1181:
1165:
1058:
1047:
334:
265:
209:
164:
2775:
69:
5694:
5481:
5290:
4579:
4261:
4228:
3968:
3265:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
309:
93:
6590:
6586:
1545:"ACTH-receptor expression, regulation and role in adrenocortial tumor formation"
1530:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1512:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
6548:
6459:
6272:
6140:
6063:
5974:
5567:
4427:
4255:
3482:
3275:
3270:
3260:
3236:
3206:
3201:
2148:
1894:"The Melanocortin Receptor System: A Target for Multiple Degenerative Diseases"
1248:
1200:
1185:
1173:
1169:
1106:
410:
2599:
2582:
2051:
2001:
6616:
6421:
6416:
6297:
6234:
6219:
6112:
6107:
5936:
5926:
5622:
5271:
5266:
5261:
4123:
3191:
2081:
Boston BA (October 1999). "The role of melanocortins in adipocyte function".
1605:
1114:
528:
2404:
1061:. The ACTH receptor plays a role in immune function and glucose metabolism.
561:
470:
348:
6454:
6262:
6135:
5969:
5544:
3942:
3936:
3546:
3531:
3354:
3121:
2875:
2845:
2810:
2801:
2784:
2767:
2663:
2646:
2629:
2520:
2156:
2110:
2059:
2009:
1963:
1927:
1878:
1859:
1783:
1709:
1624:
1570:
1446:
1268:
499:
492:
327:
106:
2738:
2701:
2672:
2637:
2608:
2573:
2538:
2492:
2441:
2412:
2375:
2346:
2309:
2248:
2191:
1827:
1668:
1561:
1544:
1002:
997:
6277:
2867:
2836:
2819:
2529:
1177:
813:
794:
639:
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
2902:. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from
2647:"Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action"
1955:
1774:
1757:
1223:
when expressed in white adipose cells. When bound to ACTH, a short-term
6582:
5931:
5846:
5762:
4989:
1543:
Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Klink A, Allolio B, Reincke M (March 2001).
1260:
1188:. ACTH receptors are also expressed in the skin, and in both white and
226:
123:
73:
2976:
2474:
2367:
2338:
2230:
6518:
6229:
6038:
5999:
5555:
5476:
2998:
1272:
1228:
1189:
668:
293:
280:
192:
179:
81:
5780:
5758:
1803:
1316:
1264:
1252:
986:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6129:
6125:
6121:
5963:
5959:
5955:
1133:
6287:
4851:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
1145:
1137:
780:
735:
653:
649:
1192:, and is expressed in greater concentrations when adipose cells
1172:. Binding of the receptor by ACTH stimulates the production of
61:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5689:
5634:
5629:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5543:
5426:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5064:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4970:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4811:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4102:
3793:
3616:
3610:
3180:
3175:
3165:
3160:
1758:"60 YEARS OF POMC: Adrenal and extra-adrenal functions of ACTH"
1542:
1429:
1046:
located on the external cell plasma membrane, it is coupled to
970:
690:
508:
2135:
Montero-Melendez T (May 2015). "ACTH: The forgotten therapy".
1637:
6499:
6387:
5829:
5520:
5515:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5278:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5059:
5054:
5044:
5039:
4980:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4132:
4097:
3947:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3645:
3605:
3600:
3523:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3170:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
2719:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
2615:
1940:
1808:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
1724:"ACTH - Clinical: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Plasma"
1434:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
2783:
Flück CE, Martens JW, Conte FA, Miller WL (September 2002).
2716:
2580:
6302:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5202:
5195:
5190:
5185:
4994:
4984:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4251:
4127:
3621:
2679:
1404:
1399:
1288:
1039:
5756:
2817:
2644:
2382:
2030:
1801:
1638:
Hanukoglu I, Feuchtwanger R, Hanukoglu A (November 1990).
1144:, and both activate the other MCR's, but ACTH is the only
5019:
2499:
2279:
1267:
production, especially of cytokine CXCL-1, and increased
2545:
317:
2782:
2457:
Tsigos C, Arai K, Hung W, Chrousos GP (November 1993).
2419:
2213:
Tsigos C, Arai K, Hung W, Chrousos GP (November 1993).
2169:
2456:
2212:
1802:
Raikhinstein M, Zohar M, Hanukoglu I (February 1994).
1159:
1987:
1125:
MCR's have both endogenous agonists and antagonists.
482:
5895:
2852:
2789:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2745:
2587:
The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2548:"Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor"
1688:
Brazilian
Journal of Medical and Biological Research
1586:
2618:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1203:(CORT, cortisol in humans) secretion demonstrate a
1587:Fridmanis D, Roga A, Klovins J (6 February 2017).
1486:
1484:
1482:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1080:structures for the ACTH receptor available in the
264:
163:
6614:
2134:
1740:
1582:
1580:
1479:
1458:
2324:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1491:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045569
5881:
2962:
2900:IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels
1105:melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein-1 (
6549:Tetracosactide (tetracosactrin, cosyntropin)
6064:Tetracosactide (tetracosactrin, cosyntropin)
1577:
614:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
2993:
2206:
2163:
1840:
1790:
1755:
1675:
1536:
1470:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185231
1117:and expressed on the cell plasma membrane.
5888:
5874:
5091:
2969:
2955:
2282:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
2083:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1681:
1631:
2920:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2835:
2800:
2662:
2598:
2563:
2528:
2482:
2238:
1917:
1868:
1858:
1773:
1699:
1658:
1614:
1604:
1560:
1891:
1885:
1214:
1164:ACTH receptor is primarily found in the
1069:ACTH receptors are the shortest of the
16:Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
6615:
4119:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
2080:
1227:-resistance occurs, and it stimulates
5869:
5755:
5542:
5123:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
5090:
2992:
2950:
2463:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
2353:
2263:"GeneCards®: The Human Gene Database"
2219:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
2130:
2128:
1983:
1981:
1898:Current Protein & Peptide Science
1684:"The expression of the ACTH receptor"
1207:, highly regulated by effects of the
593:integral component of plasma membrane
269:
230:
225:
168:
127:
122:
2682:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
2040:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
1990:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
1841:Sebag JA, Hinkle PM (January 2009).
1016:adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor
2552:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1847:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1682:Elias LL, Clark AJ (October 2000).
1647:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1160:Tissue and subcellular localization
552:G protein-coupled receptor activity
13:
2302:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb19694.x
2272:
2125:
2103:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08666.x
1978:
1762:Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
1328:familial glucocorticoid deficiency
1219:The ACTH receptor plays a role in
1084:; while the ACTH receptor and the
14:
6649:
2884:
1910:10.2174/1389203717666160226145330
1549:European Journal of Endocrinology
1326:Mutations in this receptor cause
1247:effects which can be exerted via
1113:, but with MRAP, the receptor is
5472:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
2760:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01040.x
1199:It is well known that levels of
498:
491:
253:
246:
240:
217:
152:
145:
139:
114:
48:, ACTHR, melanocortin 2 receptor
6539:Norleusactide (pentacosactride)
6054:Norleusactide (pentacosactride)
5432:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
2255:
2074:
2024:
1934:
1834:
1728:www.mayomedicallaboratories.com
1701:10.1590/S0100-879X2000001000015
1097:should be very similar and use
1038:(type 2) which is specific for
557:corticotropin receptor activity
4094:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2139:. Resolution of inflammation.
1716:
1518:
1500:
1151:
634:neuropeptide signaling pathway
583:integral component of membrane
542:melanocortin receptor activity
509:More reference expression data
471:More reference expression data
1:
5512:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
4382:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
2731:10.1016/S0167-4889(97)00031-1
2694:10.1016/S0303-7207(97)04043-4
2565:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53088-X
1660:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30545-8
1452:
238:
137:
6623:Genes on human chromosome 18
2434:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90208-X
2184:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90208-X
1944:The Journal of Endocrinology
1820:10.1016/0167-4889(94)90157-0
1338:
1333:
1305:systemic lupus erythematosus
1064:
7:
6633:G protein-coupled receptors
6417:Afamelanotide (melanotan I)
6220:Afamelanotide (melanotan I)
6108:Afamelanotide (melanotan I)
5927:Afamelanotide (melanotan I)
4297:Prolactin-releasing peptide
2982:G protein-coupled receptors
2892:"Melanocortin Receptors: MC
1440:
1184:is stimulated primarily by
1128:
441:subcutaneous adipose tissue
10:
6654:
6602:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
2939:gene details page in the
2149:10.1016/j.smim.2015.02.003
1756:Gallo-Payet N (May 2016).
1593:Frontiers in Endocrinology
1120:
1053:and upregulates levels of
1044:G protein–coupled receptor
562:signal transducer activity
6572:
6554:Tosactide (octacosactrin)
6508:
6396:
6199:
6087:
6069:Tosactide (octacosactrin)
6018:
5906:
5839:
5773:
5769:
5751:
5608:
5566:
5562:
5538:
5412:
5289:
5108:
5104:
5086:
4961:
4578:
4426:
4419:
3925:
3813:
3806:
3571:
3458:
3449:
3285:
3190:
3087:
3019:
3010:
3006:
2988:
2600:10.1210/jcem.81.4.8636348
2052:10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.010
2002:10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.010
1526:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1508:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1176:(GCs)—by contrast,
1001:
996:
992:
985:
969:
950:
923:
919:
898:
894:
887:
860:
856:
835:
831:
824:
811:
807:
792:
788:
779:
766:
762:
747:
743:
734:
721:
717:
702:
698:
689:
674:
667:
663:
647:
527:
523:
506:
490:
481:
468:
417:
408:
355:
346:
316:
308:
304:
287:
274:
237:
216:
207:
203:
186:
173:
136:
113:
104:
100:
55:
52:
42:
35:
30:
26:
21:
5618:Calcium-sensing receptor
5487:Methuselah-like proteins
2922:Medical Subject Headings
1892:Cai M, Hruby VJ (2016).
1606:10.3389/fendo.2017.00013
1321:cardiovascular disorders
1233:hormone sensitive lipase
963:Chr 18: 68.54 – 68.56 Mb
956:Chr 18: 13.88 – 13.92 Mb
6597:N-POMC (NPP, pro-γ-MSH)
3764:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
3652:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
2856:Molecular Endocrinology
2824:Molecular Endocrinology
2651:Molecular Endocrinology
2405:10.1126/science.1325670
1209:suprachiasmatic nucleus
1140:derived from processed
1024:melanocortin receptor 2
5645:Metabotropic glutamate
2802:10.1210/jc.2002-020501
2748:Clinical Endocrinology
2664:10.1210/mend.11.3.9898
2630:10.1006/bbrc.1996.5911
2521:10.1006/geno.1993.1448
2137:Seminars in Immunology
1860:10.1074/jbc.M804413200
1237:melanocortin receptors
453:striated muscle tissue
271:18 E2|18 41.89 cM
5897:Melanocortin receptor
3674:Lysophosphatidic acid
2978:Cell surface receptor
2356:Neuroimmunomodulation
1562:10.1530/eje.0.1440199
1215:Clinical significance
1111:endoplasmic reticulum
1078:X-ray crystallography
1071:melanocortin receptor
1036:melanocortin receptor
232:Chromosome 18 (mouse)
130:Chromosome 18 (human)
6412:ACTH (corticotropin)
6215:ACTH (corticotropin)
6103:ACTH (corticotropin)
6034:ACTH (corticotropin)
5922:ACTH (corticotropin)
5599:Vomeronasal receptor
4569:Vomeronasal receptor
2933:genome location and
2868:10.1210/me.2007-0041
2837:10.1210/me.2002-0099
1301:rheumatoid arthritis
1180:production from the
629:placenta development
437:brown adipose tissue
425:white adipose tissue
367:right adrenal cortex
5492:Parathyroid hormone
3452:signaling molecules
2941:UCSC Genome Browser
2397:1992Sci...257.1248M
2294:1993NYASA.680..342C
2095:1999NYASA.885...75B
1956:10.1677/JOE-07-0299
1775:10.1530/JME-15-0257
1090:adrenergic receptor
624:signal transduction
371:left adrenal cortex
359:right adrenal gland
5641:Glutamate receptor
5026:Protease-activated
1309:Cushing's syndrome
1293:ulcerative colitis
1285:nephrotic syndrome
1281:multiple sclerosis
1221:glucose metabolism
1136:and ACTH are both
1022:also known as the
769:ENSMUSG00000045569
607:Biological process
571:Cellular component
535:Molecular function
457:tibiofemoral joint
383:anterior pituitary
363:left adrenal gland
6610:
6609:
5863:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
4415:
4414:
3802:
3801:
3445:
3444:
2475:10.1172/JCI116853
2391:(5074): 1248–51.
2368:10.1159/000097281
2339:10.1159/000185476
2231:10.1172/JCI116853
1245:anti-inflammatory
1082:Protein Data Bank
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
981:
980:
946:
945:
913:
912:
883:
882:
850:
849:
820:
819:
801:
800:
775:
774:
756:
755:
730:
729:
711:
710:
659:
658:
519:
518:
515:
514:
477:
476:
464:
463:
429:lactiferous gland
402:
401:
300:
299:
199:
198:
6645:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5867:
5866:
5771:
5770:
5753:
5752:
5564:
5563:
5540:
5539:
5106:
5105:
5088:
5087:
4424:
4423:
3811:
3810:
3709:Lysophospholipid
3456:
3455:
3017:
3016:
3012:Neurotransmitter
3008:
3007:
2990:
2989:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2879:
2849:
2839:
2814:
2804:
2779:
2742:
2713:
2676:
2666:
2641:
2612:
2602:
2577:
2567:
2542:
2532:
2506:
2496:
2486:
2453:
2416:
2379:
2350:
2327:Hormone Research
2321:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2242:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2037:
2028:
2022:
2021:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1799:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1753:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1504:
1498:
1488:
1477:
1467:
1277:infantile spasms
1205:circadian rhythm
1190:brown adipocytes
1182:zona glomerulosa
1166:zona fasciculata
1099:conserved motifs
1059:adenylyl cyclase
994:
993:
965:
958:
941:
917:
916:
908:
892:
891:
888:RefSeq (protein)
878:
854:
853:
845:
829:
828:
805:
804:
786:
785:
760:
759:
741:
740:
715:
714:
696:
695:
665:
664:
525:
524:
511:
502:
495:
488:
487:
473:
413:
411:Top expressed in
406:
405:
351:
349:Top expressed in
344:
343:
323:
322:
306:
305:
296:
283:
272:
257:
250:
244:
233:
221:
205:
204:
195:
182:
171:
156:
149:
143:
132:
118:
102:
101:
96:
94:MC2R - orthologs
47:
40:
19:
18:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6613:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6568:
6504:
6401:
6392:
6204:
6195:
6092:
6083:
6023:
6014:
5911:
5902:
5894:
5864:
5851:
5835:
5765:
5739:
5626:
5604:
5558:
5526:
5408:
5285:
5100:
5070:
4957:
4574:
4411:
4017:Cholecystokinin
3921:
3798:
3627:Free fatty acid
3567:
3451:
3450:Metabolites and
3441:
3281:
3186:
3083:
3002:
2984:
2975:
2909:
2907:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2830:(12): 2746–53.
2558:(11): 8246–50.
2504:
2428:(8843): 461–2.
2275:
2273:Further reading
2270:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2211:
2207:
2178:(8843): 461–2.
2168:
2164:
2133:
2126:
2079:
2075:
2035:
2029:
2025:
1996:(1–2): 114–23.
1986:
1979:
1939:
1935:
1890:
1886:
1839:
1835:
1800:
1791:
1754:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1680:
1676:
1653:(33): 20602–8.
1642:
1636:
1632:
1585:
1578:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1489:
1480:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1443:
1343:
1336:
1313:fluid retention
1297:Crohn's disease
1217:
1174:glucocorticoids
1162:
1154:
1131:
1123:
1096:
1089:
1067:
1051:
1031:
1003:View/Edit Mouse
998:View/Edit Human
961:
954:
951:Location (UCSC)
937:
933:
929:
925:
904:
900:
874:
870:
866:
862:
841:
837:
750:ENSG00000185231
643:
602:
588:plasma membrane
566:
547:protein binding
507:
497:
496:
469:
460:
455:
451:
447:
445:muscle of thigh
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
409:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
379:pituitary gland
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
347:
291:
278:
270:
260:
259:
258:
251:
231:
208:Gene location (
190:
177:
169:
159:
158:
157:
150:
128:
105:Gene location (
56:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6651:
6641:
6640:
6638:Human proteins
6635:
6630:
6625:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6460:Modimelanotide
6457:
6452:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6273:Modimelanotide
6270:
6265:
6260:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6208:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6141:Modimelanotide
6138:
6133:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5975:Modimelanotide
5972:
5967:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5893:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5870:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5777:
5775:
5767:
5766:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5712:
5706:
5701:
5692:
5687:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5638:
5632:
5624:
5620:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5573:
5571:
5560:
5559:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5444:
5438:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5295:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5114:
5112:
5102:
5101:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5062:
5057:
5048:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5023:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4978:
4973:
4971:Adrenomedullin
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4433:
4431:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4398:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4363:
4354:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4324:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4259:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4206:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4176:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4091:
4085:
4080:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4055:
4049:Formyl peptide
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4029:
4023:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3992:
3986:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3913:
3904:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3835:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3706:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3649:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3590:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3521:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3480:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3254:
3248:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3119:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3055:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3014:
3004:
3003:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2925:
2915:
2893:
2886:
2885:External links
2883:
2881:
2880:
2862:(7): 1656–69.
2850:
2815:
2795:(9): 4318–23.
2780:
2743:
2714:
2677:
2642:
2613:
2578:
2543:
2497:
2469:(5): 2458–61.
2454:
2417:
2380:
2351:
2333:(4–6): 273–8.
2322:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2254:
2225:(5): 2458–61.
2205:
2162:
2124:
2073:
2023:
1977:
1933:
1884:
1833:
1789:
1768:(4): T135-56.
1739:
1715:
1694:(10): 1245–8.
1674:
1630:
1576:
1555:(3): 199–206.
1535:
1517:
1499:
1478:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1263:infiltration,
1216:
1213:
1201:corticosterone
1186:angiotensin II
1170:adrenal cortex
1161:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1094:
1087:
1066:
1063:
1057:by activating
1049:
1029:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
990:
989:
983:
982:
979:
978:
976:
974:
967:
966:
959:
952:
948:
947:
944:
943:
921:
920:
914:
911:
910:
896:
895:
889:
885:
884:
881:
880:
858:
857:
851:
848:
847:
833:
832:
826:
822:
821:
818:
817:
809:
808:
802:
799:
798:
790:
789:
783:
777:
776:
773:
772:
764:
763:
757:
754:
753:
745:
744:
738:
732:
731:
728:
727:
719:
718:
712:
709:
708:
700:
699:
693:
687:
686:
681:
676:
672:
671:
661:
660:
657:
656:
645:
644:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
610:
608:
604:
603:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
572:
568:
567:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
536:
532:
531:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
504:
503:
485:
479:
478:
475:
474:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:adrenal cortex
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
403:
400:
399:
397:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
352:
340:
339:
331:
320:
314:
313:
310:RNA expression
302:
301:
298:
297:
289:
285:
284:
276:
273:
268:
262:
261:
252:
245:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
201:
200:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
175:
172:
167:
161:
160:
151:
144:
138:
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
111:
110:
98:
97:
54:
50:
49:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6650:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6422:Bremelanotide
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6395:
6389:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6298:Setmelanotide
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:Bremelanotide
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6198:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6113:Bremelanotide
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5937:Bremelanotide
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5891:
5886:
5884:
5879:
5877:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5750:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5600:
5597:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5537:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4420:Miscellaneous
4418:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3933:Anaphylatoxin
3931:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:Prostaglandin
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3448:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:Acetylcholine
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2906:on 2016-03-03
2905:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2754:(3): 389–92.
2753:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:(3): 249–52.
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2657:(3): 274–80.
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2593:(4): 1442–8.
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2530:2027.42/30538
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:(5): 259–84.
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:(1): 342–63.
2287:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2143:(3): 216–26.
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:(1–2): 9–17.
2045:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:(3): 465–72.
1949:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:(5): 488–96.
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:(3): 329–32.
1813:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1194:differentiate
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:of the human
1167:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:is a type of
1033:
1025:
1021:
1020:ACTH receptor
1017:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
988:
984:
977:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
957:
953:
949:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
922:
918:
915:
909:
907:
903:
897:
893:
890:
886:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
855:
852:
846:
844:
840:
834:
830:
827:
825:RefSeq (mRNA)
823:
816:
815:
810:
806:
803:
797:
796:
791:
787:
784:
782:
778:
771:
770:
765:
761:
758:
752:
751:
746:
742:
739:
737:
733:
726:
725:
720:
716:
713:
707:
706:
701:
697:
694:
692:
688:
685:
682:
680:
677:
673:
670:
666:
662:
655:
651:
646:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
609:
606:
605:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
570:
569:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:Gene ontology
526:
522:
510:
505:
501:
494:
489:
486:
484:
480:
472:
467:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:adrenal gland
420:
419:
416:
412:
407:
404:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
345:
342:
341:
338:
336:
332:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
290:
286:
282:
277:
267:
263:
256:
249:
243:
236:
228:
224:
220:
215:
211:
206:
202:
194:
189:
185:
181:
176:
166:
162:
155:
148:
142:
135:
131:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
46:
39:
34:
29:
25:
20:
6580:Propeptides:
6579:
6564:Tridecactide
6559:Tricosactide
6529:Dersimelagon
6515:
6496:
6482:Antagonists:
6481:
6455:Melanotan II
6408:
6384:
6310:Antagonists:
6309:
6263:Melanotan II
6211:
6153:Antagonists:
6152:
6136:Melanotan II
6099:
6079:Tridecactide
6074:Tricosactide
6030:
6019:
6007:Antagonists:
6006:
5970:Melanotan II
5918:
5609:
5576:
5549:Metabotropic
5413:
5298:
5251:
5209:
5175:
5146:
5117:
4962:
4587:
4436:
4387:Urotensin-II
4327:Somatostatin
4282:Prokineticin
4187:
4179:Melanocortin
3882:
3815:Neuropeptide
3754:Oxoglutarate
3596:
3558:Prostacyclin
3527:
3514:
3467:
3355:GHB receptor
3256:
3199:
2935:
2929:
2918:MC2+Receptor
2908:. Retrieved
2904:the original
2899:
2859:
2855:
2827:
2823:
2792:
2788:
2751:
2747:
2722:
2718:
2688:(1): 83–90.
2685:
2681:
2654:
2650:
2621:
2617:
2590:
2586:
2555:
2551:
2515:(1): 166–7.
2512:
2508:
2466:
2462:
2425:
2421:
2388:
2384:
2359:
2355:
2330:
2326:
2285:
2281:
2257:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2140:
2136:
2089:(1): 75–84.
2086:
2082:
2076:
2043:
2039:
2026:
1993:
1989:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1853:(1): 610–8.
1850:
1846:
1836:
1811:
1807:
1765:
1761:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1596:
1592:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1447:melanocortin
1344:
1325:
1269:phagocytosis
1242:
1218:
1198:
1163:
1155:
1132:
1124:
1115:glycosylated
1103:
1068:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1013:
935:NP_001288301
931:NP_001258646
927:NP_001258645
924:
906:NP_001278840
899:
876:NM_001301372
868:NM_001271717
864:NM_001271716
861:
839:NM_001291911
836:
812:
793:
767:
748:
722:
703:
683:
678:
395:right testis
333:
326:
53:External IDs
6490:ML-00253764
6358:ML-00253764
6278:PF-00446687
6171:ML-00253764
5257:Latrophilin
4392:Vasopressin
4377:Thyrotropin
3954:Angiotensin
3907:Neurotensin
3584:Cannabinoid
3563:Thromboxane
2624:(1): 7–12.
1178:aldosterone
1152:Antagonists
375:metanephros
292:68,562,391
279:68,539,978
191:13,915,707
178:13,882,044
31:Identifiers
6617:Categories
6583:Lipotropin
6293:Ro 27-3225
6240:LY-2112688
5932:BMS-470539
5900:modulators
5847:Smoothened
5840:Smoothened
5763:Smoothened
5422:Calcitonin
4357:Tachykinin
4254:, but not
4248:Nociceptin
4114:Kisspeptin
4032:Endothelin
3995:Bradykinin
3883:Neuromedin
3460:Eicosanoid
3089:Purinergic
3021:Adrenergic
2910:2007-07-23
1733:2016-10-25
1497:, May 2017
1476:, May 2017
1453:References
1261:neutrophil
337:(ortholog)
74:HomoloGene
6628:Receptors
6544:Seractide
6534:Giractide
6524:Codactide
6519:Alsactide
6516:Agonists:
6409:Agonists:
6230:BIM-22493
6212:Agonists:
6100:Agonists:
6059:Seractide
6049:Giractide
6044:Codactide
6039:Alsactide
6031:Agonists:
6000:SNAP-7941
5919:Agonists:
5757:Class F:
5556:pheromone
5552:glutamate
4976:Olfactory
4012:Chemokine
3794:Succinate
3579:Bile acid
3387:Melatonin
3360:Histamine
3200:(all but
3192:Serotonin
3097:Adenosine
2999:Rhodopsin
1972:207255622
1340:Paralogue
1334:Evolution
1273:apoptotic
1257:leukocyte
1229:lipolysis
1065:Structure
939:NP_032586
902:NP_000520
872:NM_008560
843:NM_000529
669:Orthologs
578:cytoplasm
82:GeneCards
6509:Unsorted
6497:Unknown:
6475:SHU-9119
6470:SHU-9005
6465:SHU-8914
6385:Unknown:
6378:SHU-9119
6373:SHU-9005
6368:SHU-8914
6353:MCL-0129
6348:MCL-0042
6343:MCL-0020
6191:SHU-9119
6186:SHU-9005
6181:SHU-8914
5995:SHU-9119
5990:SHU-9005
5985:SHU-8914
5781:Frizzled
5774:Frizzled
5759:Frizzled
5601:, type 2
5507:Secretin
5447:Glucagon
5152:Cadherin
5110:Adhesion
5097:Secretin
4430:, bitter
4277:Oxytocin
3974:Bombesin
3622:Estrogen
3323:Dopamine
2876:17456795
2846:12456795
2811:12213892
2768:10971458
2710:24112827
2509:Genomics
2450:11356360
2318:35656702
2200:11356360
2157:25726511
2119:41988113
2111:10816642
2068:31837693
2060:21616121
2018:32479803
2010:23178164
1964:18310442
1928:26916163
1879:18981183
1784:26793988
1710:11004726
1625:28220105
1571:11248736
1493:–
1472:–
1441:See also
1345:Source:
1317:glaucoma
1265:cytokine
1138:peptides
1129:Agonists
1032:receptor
987:Wikidata
648:Sources:
598:membrane
391:testicle
387:appendix
170:18p11.21
6338:JKC-363
6288:PL-6983
6268:MK-0493
6225:AZD2820
5980:PL-8177
5570:, sweet
5545:Class C
5477:PACAPR1
5093:Class B
4302:Relaxin
4224:Motilin
4109:Ghrelin
4074:Galanin
3807:Peptide
2995:Class A
2739:9194567
2702:9175632
2673:9058374
2638:9020063
2609:8636348
2574:8463333
2539:8276410
2493:8227361
2442:8094489
2413:1325670
2393:Bibcode
2385:Science
2376:9218248
2347:9167964
2310:8390157
2290:Bibcode
2249:8227361
2192:8094489
2091:Bibcode
1919:5999398
1870:2610514
1828:8305507
1669:2173715
1616:5292628
1495:Ensembl
1474:Ensembl
1253:genomic
1225:insulin
1146:agonist
1121:Ligands
1075:protein
781:UniProt
736:Ensembl
675:Species
654:QuickGO
312:pattern
38:Aliases
6573:Others
6432:HS-024
6427:HS-014
6363:MPB-10
6333:HS-131
6328:HS-024
6323:HS-014
6283:PG-931
6176:PG-106
6166:HS-014
6146:PG-931
5947:HS-024
5942:HS-014
5761:&
5690:GPRC6A
5427:CALCRL
5291:Orphan
4580:Orphan
4571:type 1
4262:Orexin
4250:&
4229:Opioid
3969:Apelin
2927:Human
2924:(MeSH)
2874:
2844:
2809:
2776:418654
2774:
2766:
2737:
2708:
2700:
2671:
2636:
2607:
2572:
2537:
2491:
2484:288430
2481:
2448:
2440:
2422:Lancet
2411:
2374:
2345:
2316:
2308:
2247:
2240:288430
2237:
2198:
2190:
2172:Lancet
2155:
2117:
2109:
2066:
2058:
2016:
2008:
1970:
1962:
1926:
1916:
1877:
1867:
1826:
1782:
1708:
1667:
1623:
1613:
1599:: 13.
1569:
1430:GPR119
1319:, and
1303:, and
973:search
971:PubMed
814:Q64326
795:Q01718
691:Entrez
483:BioGPS
62:607397
6500:Semax
6388:Semax
5610:Other
5577:TAS1R
5568:Taste
5466:GLP2R
5461:GLP1R
5414:Other
5279:ELTD1
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3468:CysLT
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3237:5-HT2
3207:5-HT1
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2706:S2CID
2505:(PDF)
2446:S2CID
2314:S2CID
2196:S2CID
2115:S2CID
2064:S2CID
2036:(PDF)
2014:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1643:(PDF)
1435:LPAR2
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1415:LPAR3
1410:S1PR5
1395:S1PR3
1385:LPAR1
1380:S1PR2
1375:S1PR1
1370:GPR12
1134:α-MSH
1107:MRAP1
724:17200
684:Mouse
679:Human
650:Amigo
449:ankle
335:Mouse
328:Human
275:Start
210:Mouse
174:Start
107:Human
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6485:ASIP
6318:ASIP
6313:AGRP
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6161:ASIP
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5456:GIPR
5203:CD97
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4852:137B
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4252:Zeta
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3407:TAAR
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2930:MC2R
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