1398:
36:
1578:
437:
1781:, it is impossible to develop a procedure that will swap the values of two parameters if the actual parameters that are passed in are an integer variable and an array that is indexed by that same integer variable. Think of passing a pointer to swap(i, A) in to a function. Now that every time swap is referenced, it is reevaluated. Say i := 1 and A := 2, so every time swap is referenced it will return the other combination of the values (, , and so on). A similar situation occurs with a random function passed as actual argument.
1324:
1643:
1248:
1174:
785:
1138:
749:
1606:
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1212:
1039:
964:
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877:
826:
1834:
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5037:
1004:
1690:
1504:
1294:
1541:
698:
1463:
1103:
1074:
569:
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Peter Naur: "As editor of the ALGOL Bulletin I was drawn into the international discussions of the language and was selected to be member of the
European language design group in November 1959. In this capacity I was the editor of the ALGOL 60 report, produced as the result of the ALGOL 60 meeting in
2199:
in ALGOL. The next three examples are in
Burroughs Extended Algol. The first two direct output at the interactive terminal they are run on. The first uses a character array, similar to C. The language allows the array identifier to be used as a pointer to the array, and hence in a REPLACE statement.
1815:
to generate an infinite set of productions that will recognize a particular ALGOL 68 program; notably, they are able to express the kind of requirements that in many other programming language standards are labelled "semantics" and have to be expressed in ambiguity-prone natural language prose, and
2433:
Below is a version from
Elliott 803 Algol (A104). The standard Elliott 803 used five-hole paper tape and thus only had upper case. The code lacked any quote characters so £ (UK Pound Sign) was used for open quote and ? (Question Mark) for close quote. Special sequences were placed in double
539:
Alan Perlis gave a vivid description of the meeting: "The meetings were exhausting, interminable, and exhilarating. One became aggravated when one's good ideas were discarded along with the bad ones of others. Nevertheless, diligence persisted during the entire period. The chemistry of the 13 was
3787:
This means that the need to transcode GOST-based software and documentation can still arise: legacy numerical algorithms (some of which may be of interest, e.g. for the automatic landing of the Buran shuttle ...) optimized for the non-IEEE floating point representation of BESM-6 cannot be simply
2526:– The Algol 60 language and report included several mathematical symbols which are available on modern computers and operating systems, but, unfortunately, were unsupported on most computing systems at the time. For instance: ×, ÷, ≤, ≥, ≠, ¬, ∨, ∧, ⊂, ≡, ␣ and ⏨.
637:, and it best exhibits its syntactic and semantic purity. Reynolds's idealized ALGOL also made a convincing methodologic argument regarding the suitability of local effects in the context of call-by-name languages, in contrast with the global effects used by
422:). It specified three different syntaxes: a reference syntax, a publication syntax, and an implementation syntax, syntaxes that permitted it to use different keyword names and conventions for decimal points (commas vs periods) for different languages.
2444:
Algol I/O version allowed input from paper tape or punched card. Paper tape 'full' mode allowed lower case. Output was to a line printer. The open and close quote characters were represented using '(' and ')' and spaces by %.
2592:). These became available in the mid-1960s while ALGOL 68 was being drafted. The report was translated into Russian, German, French, and Bulgarian, and allowed programming in languages with larger character sets, e.g.,
555:
that adopted the block structure and lexical scope of ALGOL, also adopted the wording "Revised Report on the
Algorithmic Language Scheme" for its standards documents in homage to ALGOL.
2827:
516:
127:
1845: with: further annotation indicating sources of code samples, as Knowledge disallows presentation of individual editor creations or other original research. You can help by
2377:
An alternative example, using
Elliott Algol I/O is as follows. Elliott Algol used different characters for "open-string-quote" and "close-string-quote", represented here by
2631:
A significant contribution of the ALGOL 58 Report was to provide standard terms for programming concepts: statement, declaration, type, label, primary, block, and others.
291:
of most modern languages is "Algol-like", it was arguably more influential than three other high-level programming languages among which it was roughly contemporary:
579:
406:
ALGOL 68 is substantially different from ALGOL 60 and was not well received, so reference to "Algol" is generally understood to mean ALGOL 60 and its dialects.
1565:
984:
4438:
956:
3933:
3240:
547:
remarked: "Here is a language so far ahead of its time that it was not only an improvement on its predecessors but also on nearly all its successors." The
425:
ALGOL was used mostly by research computer scientists in the United States and in Europe; commercial applications were hindered by the absence of standard
3417:
4429:
4053:
2570:
1968: The "Algol 68 Report" – used extant ALGOL characters, and further adopted →, ↓, ↑, □, ⌊, ⌈, ⎩, ⎧, ○, ⊥, and ¢ characters which can be found on the
1746:
facilities; implementations defined their own in ways that were rarely compatible with each other. In contrast, ALGOL 68 offered an extensive library of
2556:– This character set included the unusual "᛭" runic cross character for multiplication and the "⏨" Decimal Exponent Symbol for floating point notation.
2151:. # b := sin(a); c := cos(a); printf(($ z-d.6d$ ,a,b,c)) # formats output with 1 digit before and 6 after the decimal point. #
3297:, Historical Zuse-Computer Z23, restored by the Konrad Zuse Schule in Hünfeld, for the Computer Museum History Center in Mountain View (California) US
2797:
1158:
1476:
5083:
4023:
3206:
590:
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1166:
1058:
303:. It was designed to avoid some of the perceived problems with FORTRAN and eventually gave rise to many other programming languages, including
1875:(The way the bold text has to be written depends on the implementation, e.g. 'INTEGER'—quotation marks included—for integer. This is known as
1204:
3944:
3835:
The first volume of a two volume set, that includes an introduction from Peter W. O’Hearn and Robert D. Tennent, a report on Algol 60 from
3117:
1066:
909:
4266:
4104:
1669:
1450:
433:). ALGOL 60 did however become the standard for the publication of algorithms and had a profound effect on future language development.
5078:
5041:
3952:
3046:
1281:
2515:
The ALGOLs were conceived at a time when character sets were diverse and evolving rapidly; also, the ALGOLs were defined so that only
5098:
5088:
2029:
The absolute greatest element of the matrix a, of size ⌈a by 2⌈a is transferred to y, and the subscripts of this element to i and k;
3771:
3733:
3114:
1417:
1384:
1196:
3262:
1905:
The absolute greatest element of the matrix a, of size n by m, is copied to y, and the subscripts of this element to i and k;
2777:
948:
2958:
2163:
The variations and lack of portability of the programs from one implementation to another is easily demonstrated by the classic
5103:
3969:
3290:
1425:
GAMS group (ГАМС, группа автоматизации программирования для машин среднего класса), cooperation of
Comecon Academies of Science
354:. Moreover, it was the first programming language which gave detailed attention to formal language definition and through the
4615:
4501:
4353:
3915:
2990:
2734:
4728:
4460:
4412:
4122:
3364:
2763:
2503:
837:
281:
3453:
2619:(Decimal Exponent Symbol) for floating point notation was added to Unicode 5.2 for backward compatibility with historic
4723:
2929:
2835:
2721:
1403:
524:
131:
2349:
An even simpler program using the
Display statement. Note that its output would end up at the system console ('SPO'):
4772:
4652:
4019:
3863:
3820:
3589:
3157:
2585:
1729:
608:
414:
ALGOL was developed jointly by a committee of
European and American computer scientists in a meeting in 1958 at the
5019:
4961:
646:
3990:
3695:
Baumann, R. (December 1961). "ALGOL Manual of the ALCOR Group, Part 2" [ALGOL Manual of the ALCOR Group].
4481:
4097:
3877:
Introduction to ALGOL–A Primer for the Non-Specialist, Emphasizing the
Practical Uses of the Algorithmic Language
3680:
Baumann, R. (October 1961). "ALGOL Manual of the ALCOR Group, Part 1" [ALGOL Manual of the ALCOR Group].
917:
3340:
3236:
2589:
1979:
402:– introduced new elements including flexible arrays, slices, parallelism, operator identification. Revised 1973.
3888:
3714:
Baumann, R. (April 1962). "ALGOL Manual of the ALCOR Group, Part 3" [ALGOL Manual of the ALCOR Group].
3580:
3424:
2641:
2546:
2542:
2101:
Note: lower (⌊) and upper (⌈) bounds of an array, and array slicing, are directly available to the programmer.
1711:
288:
3641:
429:
facilities in its description, and the lack of interest in the language by large computer vendors (other than
3309:"Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization: the Advent of the Recursive Procedure, late 1950s – early 1960s"
2696:
548:
320:
212:
204:
3608:
3354:
Kruseman Aretz, F.E.J. (30 June 2003). "The
Dijkstra-Zonneveld ALGOL 60 Compiler for the Electrologica X1".
645:. The conceptual integrity of the language made it one of the main objects of semantic research, along with
276:
originally developed in 1958. ALGOL heavily influenced many other languages and was the standard method for
2794:
1797:
1758:
4067:
1970:
FLOATING POINT ALGOL TEST' BEGIN REAL A,B,C,D' READ D' FOR A:= 0.0 STEP D UNTIL 6.3 DO BEGIN PRINT
4302:
4198:
657:
To date there have been at least 70 augmentations, extensions, derivations and sublanguages of Algol 60.
552:
296:
5009:
2759:
35:
4597:
4297:
4281:
4234:
4090:
1263:
1113:
Institut d'Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble (IMAG) and Compagnie des Machines Bull
854:
844:
324:
4005:
1975:
5073:
4518:
3387:
3203:
2880:
1435:
1410:
1341:
642:
459:
method of describing programming languages specifically for ALGOL 58. It was revised and expanded by
5014:
3327:
3190:
4491:
4396:
3936:, and one of the early published descriptions of implementing a compiler. For a related paper, see
3926:
2576:
1997:. In ALGOL 68's case tokens with the bold typeface are reserved words, types (modes) or operators.
328:
316:
208:
177:
172:
3737:
583:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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4366:
4062:
2863:
1994:
1876:
1808:
1804:
1700:
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901:
502:
119:
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4012:
History of Informatics in German-Speaking Countries - Programming Languages and Compiler Design
3921:
3867:
3322:
3213:, C.A.R. Hoare, December 1973. Page 27. (This statement is sometimes erroneously attributed to
2823:
1707:
1267:
482:
269:
165:
79:
59:
55:
51:
20:
4872:
4644:
4587:
4496:
4455:
4380:
4291:
3237:"Revised(3) Report on the Algorithmic Language Scheme, (Dedicated to the Memory of ALGOL 60)"
3171:
2859:
2388:
1274:
1231:
1189:
888:
864:
532:
430:
107:
3962:
ALGOL 60 Translation: An ALGOL 60 Translator for the X1 and Making a Translator for ALGOL 60
1846:
3844:
3313:
1812:
1660:
1619:
468:
361:
273:
46:
3788:
recompiled and be expected to work reliably, and some human intervention may be necessary.
3760:
8:
4906:
4562:
4161:
3881:
3524:
2465:
code was published with reserved words typically in lowercase, but bolded or underlined.
2196:
2164:
1964:
1754:
1556:
1130:
1030:
840:
335:
83:
371:
There were three major specifications, named after the years they were first published:
4882:
4662:
4557:
4361:
4245:
4131:
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3826:
3549:
3504:
3266:
3214:
3097:
3015:
2907:
2819:
2661:
1022:
868:
737:
689:
625:
noted, ALGOL was the first language to combine seamlessly imperative effects with the (
512:
95:
4058:
3657:
2951:
2781:
436:
5051:
4887:
4762:
4657:
4577:
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3884:
3875:
3816:
3585:
3541:
3496:
3153:
2899:
2847:
2676:
2538:
1990:
The following code samples are ALGOL 68 versions of the above ALGOL 60 code samples.
1770:
741:
490:
87:
3553:
3508:
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3101:
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4976:
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4007:
Geschichte der Deutschsprachigen Informatik - Programmiersprachen und Übersetzerbau
3917:
ALGOL 60 Implementation: The Translation and Use of ALGOL 60 Programs on a Computer
3840:
3830:
3808:
3533:
3488:
3396:
3332:
3145:
3087:
2983:
2889:
2855:
2729:
1971:
1259:
1186:
1151:
1094:
762:
634:
498:
226:
115:
4072:
3522:
Wippermann, Hans-Wilm (1968) . "Definition von Schrankenzahlen in Triplex-ALGOL".
2911:
4938:
4922:
4914:
4859:
4818:
4743:
4672:
4342:
4054:
The European Side of the Last Phase of the Development of ALGOL 60, by Peter Naur
4001:
3948:
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3668:
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3612:
3294:
3210:
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2801:
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2620:
2507:
2441:
1793:
1496:
630:
528:
506:
347:
123:
103:
74:
2499:
4994:
4813:
4677:
4610:
4582:
4465:
4224:
3871:
3625:
3575:
2851:
2646:
2493:
1953:
y := abs(a); i := p; k := q
1648:
1552:
1492:
1377:
1253:
1179:
818:
790:
777:
723:
714:
586:
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91:
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3812:
3363:. History of Computer Science. Amsterdam: Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica.
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996:
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4718:
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4261:
4228:
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3140:
2903:
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1762:
1611:
1369:
1356:
1239:
1217:
1116:
1044:
969:
930:
895:
882:
831:
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638:
351:
4048:
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478:
The following people attended the meeting in Paris (from 11 to 16 January):
4971:
4966:
4943:
4877:
4851:
4795:
4767:
4708:
4567:
3989:, Historical note SEN, 2, Amsterdam: Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica,
3149:
2831:
2567:
allowed the encoding of 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit and 7-bit characters in ALGOL.
2478:
1789:
1766:
1635:
1329:
796:
626:
622:
520:
464:
426:
356:
99:
19:
This article is about the programming language family. For other uses, see
3401:
3382:
3092:
3075:
2894:
2875:
1800:
and non-local references." This test contains an example of call-by-name.
4956:
4864:
4713:
4690:
4685:
4605:
4572:
4552:
4049:
Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 60 by Peter Naur, et al.
3492:
3232:
1653:
Addition of orthogonal datatypes with intended use as a teaching language
1517:
1143:
941:
802:
754:
719:
452:
161:
156:
3981:
1833:
4782:
4733:
4695:
4194:
4189:
3836:
3638:
3571:
3537:
3121:
2871:
2839:
2564:
1714: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1668:
The Burroughs dialects included special Bootstrapping dialects such as
992:
544:
486:
460:
415:
346:
pairs for delimiting them. It was also the first language implementing
111:
1784:
Call-by-name is known by many compiler designers for the interesting "
4418:
4204:
4184:
4169:
3308:
1803:
ALGOL 68 was defined using a two-level grammar formalism invented by
1534:
938:
was originally contracted as a simulation extension of the Case ALGOL
277:
4082:
3802:
3476:
1974:,££L??' B := SIN(A)' C := COS(A)' PRINT PUNCH(3),
1689:
284:(ACM) in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years.
4832:
4629:
4540:
4424:
Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
4325:
4321:
4151:
4146:
4141:
3218:
2715:
The name of this language family is sometimes given in mixed case (
2651:
2593:
2571:
2457:
2190:
2176:
709:
419:
399:
389:
375:
3913:
2762:
17 October 2011 at Wikiwix Compressed archives of the algorithms.
4317:
4219:
4214:
4209:
3983:
The Dijkstra–Zonneveld ALGOL 60 Compiler for the Electrologica X1
3605:
2691:
2612:
2601:
1627:
1546:
1428:
1348:
1223:
1009:
703:
633:. Perhaps the most elegant formulation of the language is due to
441:
292:
3898:
1258:
Atomic Power Division of English Electric Company. Precursor to
4805:
4330:
4307:
4286:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2537:(Back slash) character added to it in order to support ALGOL's
1656:
1509:
1484:
1468:
1439:
1306:
1299:
1108:
1051:
935:
892:
810:
308:
200:
2533:
character set, then in an early stage of development, had the
4406:
4336:
4312:
4276:
4239:
4174:
3862:
3859:, Kurt Sieber, Vipin Swarup, Uday S. Reddy, and Evan Ireland.
3477:"Algol in France: From Universal Project to Embedded Culture"
3231:
Dybvig, R. K.; et al. Rees, Jonathan; Clinger, William;
2666:
2553:
2530:
2380:
1785:
1583:
1335:
1079:
977:
445:
300:
253:
3452:. Online Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages.
3141:
https://en.wikipedia.org/Association_for_Computing_Machinery
2434:
quotes (e.g. ££L?? produced a new line on the teleprinter).
1676:. The latter is still used for Unisys MCP system software.
4423:
4270:
4256:
4250:
4179:
2605:
2604:
standard and most of them are available in several popular
2597:
2560:
2523:
2195:
Since ALGOL 60 had no I/O facilities, there is no portable
1673:
1593:
1443:
580:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
312:
304:
196:
4068:
A web-enabled ALGOL-F compiler allowing small experiments
4018:(in German). Karlsruhe, Germany: Fakultät für Informatik,
558:
241:
189:
Most subsequent imperative languages (including so-called
2127:# printf(($ pg$ ,"Enter d:")); read(d);
1743:
250:
238:
232:
3761:"Revised proposal to encode the decimal exponent symbol"
2754:
1885:
Absmax(a) Size:(n, m) Result:(y) Subscripts:(i, k);
692:, Heinz Rutishauser, Klaus Samelson, Hermann Bottenbruch
2484:
1993:
ALGOL 68 implementations used ALGOL 60's approaches to
3163:
2984:"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68"
2926:"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 60"
2437:
HIFOLKS' BEGIN PRINT £HELLO WORLD£L??' END'
1148:
Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie
3968:, report MR 35/61, Amsterdam: Mathematisch Centrum,
2818:
2481:
facilities were collectively called the "Transput".
2448:'BEGIN' WRITE TEXT('('HELLO%WORLD')'); 'END'
1796:" to separate compilers that correctly implemented "
1773:. For example, without specifying the parameters as
1588:
Chinese characters, expressed via the Symbol system
256:
244:
235:
5032:^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above
4430:
International Federation for Information Processing
3217:, also involved in implementing the first ALGOL 60
543:ALGOL 60 inspired many languages that followed it.
229:
2775:
1912:p, q; y := 0; i := k := 1;
1769:. Call-by-name has certain effects in contrast to
3803:O'Hearn, Peter; Tennent, Robert D., eds. (1997).
2776:O'Hearn, P. W.; Tennent, R. D. (September 1996).
5065:
3016:"History of ALGOL — Software Preservation Group"
2600:-4. All ALGOL's characters are also part of the
3880:. Automatic Computation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
3515:
3136:"The American side of the development of ALGOL"
652:
416:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich
4269:(ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language (
3566:
3353:
2084:a; i := p; k := q
4098:
2876:"Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60"
2477:In the language of the "Algol 68 Report" the
2039:y := 0; i := ⌊a; k := 2⌊a;
1820:code attached to the formal language parser.
4439:Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics
4078:ALGOL60 compiler of Jan van Katwijk (GitHub)
3581:Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
3474:
3450:"GOGOL – PDP-1 Algol 60 (Computer Language)"
3418:"All I Really Need to Know I Learned in CS1"
4267:Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language
3914:Randell, Brian & L. J. Russell (1964).
3532:(2). Karlsruhe, Germany: Springer: 99–109.
1823:
4105:
4091:
3979:
3807:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: Birkhauser.
3521:
2288:A simpler program using an inline format:
1865:
3925:
3400:
3326:
3091:
2893:
1730:Learn how and when to remove this message
1392:publ. A. Viil, M Kotli & M. Rakhendi,
726:was delivered with an Algol 60 compiler)
609:Learn how and when to remove this message
3958:
3758:
3306:
3263:"The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages"
3108:
3076:"Backus Normal Form vs Backus Naur Form"
2158:
1659:with a subsequent implementation on the
435:
3713:
3694:
3679:
3628:. ICL Technical Publication 3340. 1965.
3481:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
2504:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1963:Here is an example of how to produce a
559:ALGOL and programming language research
5084:Computer-related introductions in 1958
5066:
3204:"Hints on Programming Language Design"
3133:
2996:from the original on 13 September 2014
1742:ALGOL 60 as officially defined had no
5094:Programming languages created in 1958
4502:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4112:
4086:
3596:, Section 7.5, and references therein
3380:
3073:
3040:
3038:
3036:
2506: instead of something like "₁₀" (
4000:
3759:Broukhis, Leonid (22 January 2008).
3456:from the original on 2 February 2018
3243:from the original on 14 January 2010
3224:
3047:"A Politico-Social History of Algol"
2814:
2812:
2810:
2778:"Algol-like languages, Introduction"
2741:). For simplicity this article uses
2485:Timeline of ALGOL special characters
1827:
1712:adding citations to reliable sources
1683:
562:
4413:Association for Computing Machinery
4335:Small Machine ALGOL Like Language (
3996:from the original on 9 October 2022
3975:from the original on 9 October 2022
3953:The Whetstone KDF9 Algol Translator
3839:and colleagues, four chapters from
3415:
3343:from the original on 12 March 2013.
2964:from the original on 9 October 2022
2952:"An ALGOL 60 Translator for the X1"
2888:(5). Copenhagen, Denmark: 299–314.
2728:), and sometimes in all uppercase (
2492:This article contains Unicode 6.0 "
805:, Elliott 503, Elliott 4100 series
551:programming language, a variant of
378:– originally proposed to be called
282:Association for Computing Machinery
13:
3796:
3615:, the manual for Elliott 803 ALGOL
3370:from the original on 4 March 2016.
3230:
3033:
2976:
2508:Decimal Exponent Symbol U+23E8 TTF
2184:
14:
5115:
5079:Algol programming language family
4042:
4020:Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
3777:from the original on 31 July 2015
3626:"ICL 1900 series: Algol Language"
3044:
2932:from the original on 25 June 2007
2807:
2804:, University of Michigan-Dearborn
2471:printf(($ gl$ ,"Hello, world!"))
2170:
2104:floating point algol68 test: (
1816:then implemented in compilers as
1788:" that are used to implement it.
1262:, National Physical Laboratories
5099:Structured programming languages
5089:Procedural programming languages
5046:
5045:
5036:
5035:
4029:from the original on 19 May 2022
3584:(1st ed.). Addison-Wesley.
2795:"The ALGOL Programming Language"
2534:
2181:ALGOL 58 had no I/O facilities.
1832:
1688:
1641:
1604:
1576:
1539:
1502:
1461:
1396:
1362:
1322:
1292:
1246:
1210:
1172:
1136:
1101:
1072:
1037:
1002:
962:
923:
875:
824:
783:
759:First implementation of ALGOL 60
747:
696:
647:Programming Computable Functions
567:
384:International Algebraic Language
225:
34:
3752:
3726:
3707:
3688:
3673:
3662:
3651:
3632:
3618:
3599:
3560:
3468:
3442:
3409:
3374:
3347:
3300:
3281:
3255:
3197:
3127:
3067:
2756:Collected Algorithms of the ACM
1699:needs additional citations for
1014:Implementation of full Algol 60
16:Family of programming languages
5010:ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60
3115:ACM Award Citation: Peter Naur
3008:
2944:
2918:
2788:
2769:
2748:
2709:
2642:Address (programming language)
1374:Proposed successor to ALGOL 60
867:(with participation by Hoare,
368:notation for language design.
1:
5104:Systems programming languages
3475:Mounier-Kuhn, Pierre (2014).
2703:
2697:Scheme (programming language)
2451:
1679:
1338:support, for economical tasks
1334:АЛГЭК, based on ALGOL-60 and
4482:Case Institute of Technology
3980:Kruseman Aretz, Frans E.J.,
3020:www.softwarepreservation.org
2529:1961 September: ASCII – The
974:For ODIN time-sharing system
918:Case Institute of Technology
653:IAL implementations timeline
448:programming language dynasty
7:
5015:ALGOL 68 to other languages
3770:. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2.
3716:Elektronische Rechenanlagen
3697:Elektronische Rechenanlagen
3682:Elektronische Rechenanlagen
3639:How ASCII Got Its Backslash
3383:"The Emperor's Old Clothes"
2634:
2563:– The 1964 Soviet standard
1985:
1870:
1750:(input/output) facilities.
143:; 66 years ago
10:
5120:
3843:, and other chapters from
2455:
2188:
2174:
1807:and which bears his name.
440:Family tree of the Algol,
409:
40:A 1965 manual for ALGOL-20
18:
5027:
5003:
4831:
4804:
4637:
4628:
4596:
4548:
4539:
4532:
4519:Royal Radar Establishment
4511:
4474:
4448:
4395:
4388:
4379:
4352:
4160:
4130:
4121:
3942:Whetstone Algol Revisited
3813:10.1007/978-1-4612-4118-8
3388:Communications of the ACM
3209:15 September 2009 at the
3080:Communications of the ACM
3074:Knuth, Donald E. (1964).
2881:Communications of the ACM
2737:13 September 2014 at the
2626:
1967:using Elliott 803 ALGOL.
1753:ALGOL 60 allowed for two
1273:English Electric Company
904:and their midrange also.
188:
183:
171:
155:
137:
73:
65:
45:
33:
4492:University of St Andrews
4073:An online ALGOL compiler
3947:27 February 2008 at the
3307:Daylight, E. G. (2011).
2864:van Wijngaarden, Adriaan
2395:
2363:"HELLO WORLD!"
2351:
2332:"HELLO WORLD!"
2290:
2250:"HELLO WORLD!"
2202:
2139:a:=step*d; a <= 2*pi
1824:Examples and portability
1809:Van Wijngaarden grammars
1187:English Electric Company
475:Paris in January 1960."
280:description used by the
4791:Adriaan van Wijngaarden
4487:University of Edinburgh
4367:Van Wijngaarden grammar
4063:Computer History Museum
3959:Dijkstra, E. W (1961),
3932:. On the design of the
3868:Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig
3669:Decimal Exponent Symbol
3288:Computer Museum History
3134:Perlis, Alan J (1978).
3054:Computer History Museum
2824:Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig
2596:alphabet of the Soviet
2519:letters were required.
2494:Miscellaneous Technical
1866:Code sample comparisons
1805:Adriaan van Wijngaarden
1525:Triplex-ALGOL Karlsruhe
1017:DASK at Regnecentralen
902:Burroughs Large Systems
503:Adriaan van Wijngaarden
392:– first implemented as
4434:IFIP Working Group 2.1
3901:. ark:/13960/t6qz35p37
3381:Hoare, Antony (1980).
3293:20 August 2010 at the
3150:10.1145/800025.1198352
2860:Wegstein, Joseph Henry
2800:6 October 2016 at the
2588:inserted (such as the
2112:– sends output to the
2108:a,b,c,d; #
1268:English Electric DEUCE
849:Various (see article)
589:by rewriting it in an
483:Friedrich Ludwig Bauer
467:'s suggestion renamed
449:
396:in 1961. Revised 1963.
287:In the sense that the
21:Algol (disambiguation)
4873:Cornelis H. A. Koster
4645:Roland Carl Backhouse
4588:Joseph Henry Wegstein
4497:Manchester University
4456:Burroughs Corporation
3866:; Feliciano, Manuel;
3734:"GOST 10859 standard"
3684:(in German): 206–212.
3402:10.1145/358549.358561
3337:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002
3093:10.1145/355588.365140
2895:10.1145/367236.367262
2159:Timeline: Hello world
1755:evaluation strategies
1551:ALGOL 60 (1963) with
1514:Algol 60 with classes
865:Burroughs Corporation
533:Joseph Henry Wegstein
463:for ALGOL 60, and at
439:
431:Burroughs Corporation
274:programming languages
3845:Christopher Strachey
3805:Algol-like Languages
3644:11 July 2014 at the
3493:10.1109/MAHC.2014.50
3357:Software Engineering
3314:The Computer Journal
3269:on 27 September 2011
2784:on 14 November 2011.
2724:25 June 2007 at the
1813:context-free grammar
1761:passing: the common
1708:improve this article
1622:family of Computers
985:RegneCentralen ALGOL
795:Subject of the 1980
266:Algorithmic Language
4907:Willem van der Poel
4563:Hermann Bottenbruch
3882:Prentice-Hall, Inc.
3611:29 May 2010 at the
3164:https://dl.acm.org/
2820:Backus, John Warner
2197:hello world program
2165:hello world program
1982:,A,B,C' END END'
1557:interval arithmetic
1129:G. van der Mey and
1031:Thomas Eugene Kurtz
957:William M. McKeeman
683:ZMMD-implementation
138:First appeared
30:
5052:Category: ALGOL 60
4883:Charles H. Lindsey
4663:Edsger W. Dijkstra
4558:Friedrich L. Bauer
4246:Dartmouth ALGOL 30
4059:A History of ALGOL
3934:Whetstone Compiler
3920:. Academic Press.
3849:Matthias Felleisen
3576:Ullman, Jeffrey D.
3538:10.1007/BF02277452
3430:on 12 October 2012
3215:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2848:Rutishauser, Heinz
2143:printf($ l$ ); #
1226:compiler compiler
1023:Dartmouth ALGOL 30
858:(Several variants)
738:Edsger W. Dijkstra
708:implementation of
690:Friedrich L. Bauer
641:languages such as
591:encyclopedic style
578:is written like a
513:John Warner Backus
457:Backus normal form
450:
268:") is a family of
28:
5061:
5060:
4990:
4989:
4952:
4951:
4888:Barry J. Mailloux
4827:
4826:
4763:Jacob T. Schwartz
4658:Stephen R. Bourne
4624:
4623:
4578:Heinz Rutishauser
4528:
4527:
4375:
4374:
4004:(7 August 2017).
3321:(11): 1756–1772.
3179:External link in
2856:Vauquois, Bernard
2677:Tron (video game)
2500:rendering support
1863:
1862:
1771:call-by-reference
1740:
1739:
1732:
1666:
1665:
1242:and L. J. Russell
1131:W.L. van der Poel
742:Jaap A. Zonneveld
619:
618:
611:
491:Heinz Rutishauser
350:definitions with
334:ALGOL introduced
218:
217:
157:Typing discipline
5111:
5074:ALGOL 60 dialect
5049:
5048:
5039:
5038:
4982:John C. Reynolds
4927:van Wijngaarden^
4896:Lambert Meertens
4778:Bernard Vauquois
4635:
4634:
4616:Robert M. Graham
4546:
4545:
4537:
4536:
4461:Elliott Brothers
4393:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4128:
4127:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4028:
4017:
3997:
3995:
3988:
3976:
3974:
3967:
3931:
3929:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3864:Baumann, Richard
3841:John C. Reynolds
3834:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3765:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3736:. Archived from
3730:
3724:
3723:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:iron/runic cross
3655:
3649:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3616:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3423:. Archived from
3422:
3416:Koffman, Eliot.
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3362:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3330:
3304:
3298:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3265:. Archived from
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3228:
3222:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3167:
3131:
3125:
3120:2 April 2012 at
3112:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2956:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2897:
2868:Woodger, Michael
2844:Perlis, Alan Jay
2816:
2805:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:. Archived from
2773:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2713:
2623:ALGOL software.
2618:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1858:
1855:
1836:
1828:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1692:
1684:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1270:implementations.
1260:Ferranti Pegasus
1252:
1250:
1249:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1123:Algol Translator
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:, Louis Bolliet
1095:Bernard Vauquois
1078:
1076:
1075:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1008:
1006:
1005:
968:
966:
965:
929:
927:
926:
898:based) computers
881:
879:
878:
830:
828:
827:
789:
787:
786:
763:Electrologica X1
753:
751:
750:
702:
700:
699:
660:
659:
635:John C. Reynolds
614:
607:
603:
600:
594:
571:
570:
563:
499:Bernard Vauquois
469:Backus–Naur form
362:Backus–Naur form
345:
341:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
252:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
151:
149:
144:
75:Designed by
38:
31:
27:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5042:Category: ALGOL
5034:
5023:
5020:ALGOL 68 to C++
4999:
4986:
4948:
4939:Philip Woodward
4923:Michel Sintzoff
4915:Douglas T. Ross
4823:
4819:Kristen Nygaard
4800:
4744:John E. L. Peck
4673:Robert W. Floyd
4620:
4592:
4524:
4507:
4470:
4444:
4398:
4371:
4362:Jensen's device
4348:
4235:Burroughs ALGOL
4156:
4133:
4123:Implementations
4117:
4111:
4045:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4015:
3993:
3986:
3972:
3965:
3949:Wayback Machine
3904:
3902:
3891:
3872:Samelson, Klaus
3857:Albert R. Meyer
3823:
3799:
3797:Further reading
3794:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:www.unicode.org
3763:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3741:
3740:on 16 June 2007
3732:
3731:
3727:
3712:
3708:
3693:
3689:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3652:
3646:Wayback Machine
3637:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3613:Wayback Machine
3604:
3600:
3592:
3565:
3561:
3520:
3516:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3379:
3375:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3328:10.1.1.366.3916
3305:
3301:
3295:Wayback Machine
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3229:
3225:
3211:Wayback Machine
3202:
3198:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3132:
3128:
3113:
3109:
3086:(12): 735–736.
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2852:Samelson, Klaus
2817:
2808:
2802:Wayback Machine
2793:
2789:
2774:
2770:
2753:
2749:
2739:Wayback Machine
2726:Wayback Machine
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2662:Jensen's Device
2637:
2629:
2621:Buran programme
2616:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2498:Without proper
2487:
2475:
2460:
2454:
2449:
2442:ICT 1900 series
2438:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2386:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2193:
2187:
2185:ALGOL 60 family
2179:
2173:
2161:
2156:
2099:
1988:
1983:
1961:
1873:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1843:needs expansion
1837:
1826:
1794:man or boy test
1736:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1705:
1693:
1682:
1642:
1640:
1605:
1603:
1577:
1575:
1553:triplex numbers
1540:
1538:
1503:
1501:
1497:Kristen Nygaard
1462:
1460:
1397:
1395:
1363:
1361:
1323:
1321:
1293:
1291:
1247:
1245:
1211:
1209:
1173:
1171:
1159:Kidsgrove Algol
1137:
1135:
1102:
1100:
1073:
1071:
1038:
1036:
1003:
1001:
963:
961:
924:
922:
876:
874:
857:
855:Burroughs Algol
825:
823:
784:
782:
748:
746:
717:
697:
695:
655:
631:lambda calculus
615:
604:
598:
595:
587:help improve it
584:
572:
568:
561:
529:Alan Jay Perlis
507:Michael Woodger
412:
357:Algol 60 Report
348:nested function
343:
339:
249:
228:
224:
194:
147:
145:
142:
120:van Wijngaarden
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5117:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4995:ALGOL Bulletin
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4933:
4928:
4925:
4920:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4854:
4849:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4814:Ole-Johan Dahl
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4749:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4729:Carroll Morgan
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4678:Jeremy Gibbons
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4611:Bernard Galler
4608:
4602:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4583:Klaus Samelson
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4466:Regnecentralen
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4436:
4427:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4403:
4401:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4232:
4225:Atlas Autocode
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4043:External links
4041:
4040:
4039:
3998:
3977:
3956:
3927:10.1.1.737.475
3911:
3889:
3860:
3821:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3751:
3725:
3706:
3687:
3672:
3661:
3650:
3631:
3617:
3598:
3590:
3568:Aho, Alfred V.
3559:
3514:
3467:
3441:
3408:
3373:
3346:
3299:
3280:
3254:
3223:
3196:
3182:|journal=
3158:
3126:
3107:
3066:
3032:
3007:
2975:
2943:
2917:
2836:McCarthy, John
2806:
2787:
2768:
2747:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2647:Atlas Autocode
2644:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2611:2009 October:
2574:keyboard with
2502:, you may see
2490:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2467:
2456:Main article:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2436:
2396:
2352:
2291:
2203:
2189:Main article:
2186:
2183:
2175:Main article:
2172:
2171:ALGOL 58 (IAL)
2169:
2160:
2157:
2121:printf($ p$ );
2103:
1999:
1987:
1984:
1969:
1946:abs(a) > y
1881:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1840:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1738:
1737:
1696:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1654:
1651:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1499:
1493:Ole-Johan Dahl
1490:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:IBM System/360
1375:
1372:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1256:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1222:A test of the
1220:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
999:
990:
987:
981:
980:
975:
972:
959:
954:
951:
945:
944:
939:
933:
920:
915:
912:
906:
905:
899:
885:
872:
862:
859:
851:
850:
847:
834:
821:
819:Jules Schwartz
816:
813:
807:
806:
800:
793:
780:
778:C. A. R. Hoare
775:
772:
766:
765:
760:
757:
744:
735:
732:
728:
727:
712:
706:
693:
687:
684:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
654:
651:
649:(PCF) and ML.
617:
616:
575:
573:
566:
560:
557:
537:
536:
535:(from the US).
510:
495:Klaus Samelson
455:developed the
411:
408:
404:
403:
397:
387:
366:formal grammar
364:, a principal
216:
215:
186:
185:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
159:
153:
152:
139:
135:
134:
77:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
49:
43:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5116:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5054:
5053:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:Peter O'Hearn
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:Niklaus Wirth
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4844:Susan G. Bond
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Brian Randell
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4739:Maurice Nivat
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:John McCarthy
4722:
4720:
4719:Conor McBride
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Andrey Ershov
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:Organizations
4387:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:Elliott ALGOL
4260:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:Edinburgh IMP
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4025:
4021:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4002:Goos, Gerhard
3999:
3992:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3938:Brian Randell
3935:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3853:Stephen Weeks
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3822:9780817638801
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3789:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3721:
3718:(in German).
3717:
3710:
3702:
3699:(in German).
3698:
3691:
3683:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3593:
3591:0-201-10194-7
3587:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:(in German).
3527:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3377:
3366:
3359:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3159:0-12-745040-8
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3011:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2832:Katz, Charles
2829:
2828:Green, Julien
2825:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2657:Edinburgh IMP
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:APL golf ball
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:" characters.
2495:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2446:
2443:
2435:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2350:
2289:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1968:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1857:
1854:February 2024
1848:
1844:
1841:This section
1839:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:devised the "
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:call-by-value
1760:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1734:
1731:
1723:
1720:February 2024
1713:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1697:This section
1695:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:Chinese Algol
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1358:
1357:Niklaus Wirth
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1241:
1240:Brian Randell
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:Bull Gamma 60
1115:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1000:
998:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
971:
960:
958:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
932:
921:
919:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
887:Basis of the
886:
884:
873:
871:, and others)
870:
866:
863:
860:
856:
853:
852:
848:
846:
842:
839:
835:
833:
822:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
798:
794:
792:
781:
779:
776:
773:
771:
770:Elliott ALGOL
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
756:
745:
743:
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
725:
721:
716:
713:
711:
707:
705:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
661:
658:
650:
648:
644:
640:
639:call-by-value
636:
632:
628:
624:
613:
610:
602:
592:
588:
582:
581:
576:This section
574:
565:
564:
556:
554:
550:
546:
541:
534:
530:
526:
525:John McCarthy
522:
518:
514:
511:
509:(from Europe)
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
443:
438:
434:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
407:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
367:
363:
359:
358:
353:
352:lexical scope
349:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:; short for "
261:
222:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
192:
187:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
140:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
50:
48:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
5050:
5040:
5031:
4972:Ron Morrison
4967:Tony Brooker
4944:Nobuo Yoneda
4878:Peter Landin
4860:Gerhard Goos
4852:Robert Dewar
4796:Mike Woodger
4773:David Turner
4768:Micha Sharir
4756:Rutishauser^
4709:Peter Landin
4682:Julien Green
4653:Richard Bird
4568:Charles Katz
4399:associations
4397:Professional
4113:
4031:. Retrieved
4011:
4006:
3982:
3961:
3916:
3903:. Retrieved
3876:
3804:
3786:
3779:. Retrieved
3767:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3738:the original
3728:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3681:
3675:
3664:
3653:
3634:
3620:
3601:
3579:
3562:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3425:the original
3411:
3395:(2): 75–83.
3392:
3386:
3376:
3356:
3349:
3318:
3312:
3302:
3283:
3271:. Retrieved
3267:the original
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3233:Abelson, Hal
3226:
3199:
3172:cite journal
3162:– via
3139:
3129:
3110:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3053:
3045:Bemer, Bob.
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
3010:
3000:13 September
2998:. Retrieved
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2920:
2885:
2879:
2870:(May 1960).
2790:
2782:the original
2771:
2755:
2750:
2742:
2730:
2717:
2711:
2630:
2610:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2558:
2551:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2491:
2479:input/output
2476:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2439:
2432:
2376:
2348:
2287:
2194:
2180:
2162:
2152:
2148:
2147:- selects a
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:– selects a
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2098:# abs max #
2095:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1980:ALIGNED(1,6)
1962:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:q := 1
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:p := 1
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:n, m, i, k;
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1851:
1847:adding to it
1842:
1817:
1802:
1790:Donald Knuth
1783:
1778:
1774:
1767:call-by-name
1752:
1747:
1741:
1726:
1717:
1706:Please help
1701:verification
1698:
1667:
1636:Ron Morrison
1404:Estonian SSR
1330:Soviet Union
1167:F. G. Duncan
1059:USS 90 Algol
797:Turing Award
675:Description
656:
627:call-by-name
623:Peter Landin
620:
605:
599:January 2024
596:
577:
542:
540:excellent."
538:
521:Charles Katz
517:Julien Green
477:
473:
465:Donald Knuth
456:
451:
427:input/output
424:
413:
405:
393:
383:
379:
370:
355:
333:
286:
265:
220:
219:
190:
25:
4962:John Barnes
4957:Hal Abelson
4865:Michael Guy
4714:Tom Maibaum
4701:Jørn Jensen
4691:Eric Hehner
4686:David Gries
4606:Bruce Arden
4573:Alan Perlis
4553:John Backus
4116:programming
4033:14 November
3648:, Bob Bemer
3606:"803 ALGOL"
3572:Sethi, Ravi
3487:(4): 6–25.
2872:Naur, Peter
2840:Naur, Peter
2586:print heads
2003:abs max = (
1518:UNIVAC 1107
1205:Val Schorre
1144:Netherlands
997:Jørn Jensen
942:UNIVAC 1107
803:Elliott 803
755:Netherlands
734:1960 August
731:X1 ALGOL 60
678:Target CPU
453:John Backus
394:X1 ALGOL 60
360:introduced
336:code blocks
88:Rutishauser
84:Bottenbruch
5068:Categories
5004:Comparison
4783:Eiiti Wada
4734:Peter Naur
4696:Tony Hoare
4512:Government
4354:Formalisms
4195:ALGOL 68RS
4190:ALGOL 68-R
3905:23 October
3890:0134778286
3837:Peter Naur
3781:24 January
3703:: 259–265.
3460:1 February
3273:20 January
3247:20 October
3186:|via=
3122:Archive-It
2704:References
2565:GOST 10859
2541:operators
2080:y :=
1680:Properties
1067:L. Petrone
993:Peter Naur
910:Case ALGOL
545:Tony Hoare
487:Peter Naur
461:Peter Naur
270:imperative
193:languages)
191:ALGOL-like
184:Influenced
60:structured
56:imperative
52:Procedural
4919:Samelson^
4892:McCarthy^
4856:Dijkstra^
4787:Wegstein^
4759:Samelson^
4475:Education
4419:BSI Group
4381:Community
4292:Kidsgrove
4205:ALGOL 68S
4185:ALGOL 68C
4170:ABC ALGOL
4134:standards
4132:Technical
4061:from the
3922:CiteSeerX
3546:0010-485X
3525:Computing
3501:1058-6180
3323:CiteSeerX
3144:: 75–91.
2968:7 January
2904:0001-0782
2582:golf ball
2517:uppercase
2117:stand out
2076:a > y
1995:stropping
1883:procedure
1877:stropping
1798:recursion
1779:reference
1759:parameter
1535:Karlsruhe
1529:1967/1968
1485:Simula 67
1479:computer
1451:ALGOL/ZAM
1232:Whetstone
1088:ALGOL 60
891:(and now
889:Burroughs
843:prior to
278:algorithm
272:computer
4935:Woodger^
4911:Randell^
4833:ALGOL 68
4630:ALGOL 60
4541:ALGOL 58
4449:Business
4326:Napier88
4322:PS-algol
4162:Dialects
4152:ALGOL 68
4147:ALGOL 60
4142:ALGOL 58
4024:Archived
3991:archived
3970:archived
3945:Archived
3899:64-10740
3874:(1964).
3772:Archived
3642:Archived
3609:Archived
3578:(1986).
3554:36685400
3509:16684090
3454:Archived
3365:Archived
3341:Archived
3291:Archived
3241:Archived
3235:(eds.).
3219:compiler
3207:Archived
3118:Archived
3102:47537431
3059:9 August
3025:14 March
2991:Archived
2989:. 1973.
2959:Archived
2957:. 1961.
2930:Archived
2928:. 1963.
2798:Archived
2760:Archived
2735:Archived
2722:Archived
2718:Algol 60
2652:Coral 66
2635:See also
2594:Cyrillic
2577:typeball
2572:IBM 2741
2463:ALGOL 68
2458:ALGOL 68
2452:ALGOL 68
2191:ALGOL 60
2177:ALGOL 58
2149:new line
2125:new page
2119:. # #
1986:ALGOL 68
1976:SAMELINE
1972:PUNCH(3)
1871:ALGOL 60
1748:transput
1438:, later
1436:Minsk-22
1411:Minsk-22
1342:Minsk-22
1282:NU ALGOL
869:Dijkstra
710:ALGOL 58
672:Country
420:ALGOL 58
400:ALGOL 68
390:ALGOL 60
376:ALGOL 58
338:and the
132:McCarthy
116:Vauquois
108:Wegstein
92:Samelson
47:Paradigm
4848:Bourne^
4748:Perlis^
4641:Backus^
4432:(IFIP)
4318:S-algol
4220:ALGOL X
4215:ALGOL W
4210:ALGOL N
3831:6273486
2874:(ed.).
2731:ALGOL68
2692:S-algol
2613:Unicode
2602:Unicode
2539:Boolean
2401:HiFolks
2398:program
2357:DISPLAY
2241:REPLACE
2094:; y
2031:comment
2027:comment
1960:Absmax
1910:integer
1903:comment
1895:integer
1661:Java VM
1628:S-algol
1620:Eclipse
1547:Germany
1475:Polish
1429:Comecon
1349:ALGOL W
1224:META II
1010:Denmark
799:Lecture
718:(later
704:Germany
669:Author
585:Please
442:Fortran
410:History
293:FORTRAN
178:Lexical
146: (
124:Woodger
4869:Hoare^
4840:Bauer^
4806:Simula
4649:Bauer^
4533:People
4441:(GAMM)
4426:(EASC)
4331:Simula
4308:NELIAC
4287:JOVIAL
4014:]
3951:, and
3924:
3897:
3887:
3829:
3819:
3744:5 June
3588:
3552:
3544:
3507:
3499:
3434:20 May
3325:
3156:
3124:, 2005
3100:
2936:8 June
2912:278290
2910:
2902:
2687:Simula
2682:NELIAC
2672:JOVIAL
2627:Legacy
2615:– The
2559:1964:
2552:1962:
2522:1960:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2311:REMOTE
2229:EBCDIC
2223:REMOTE
2110:printf
1889:n, m;
1818:ad hoc
1811:use a
1786:thunks
1765:, and
1657:PDP-11
1646:
1609:
1581:
1544:
1510:Norway
1507:
1469:Poland
1466:
1440:ES EVM
1418:ALGAMS
1401:
1385:MALGOL
1367:
1327:
1307:UNIVAC
1300:Norway
1297:
1251:
1215:
1197:VALGOL
1177:
1141:
1109:France
1106:
1077:
1052:LGP-30
1042:
1033:et al.
1007:
967:
936:Simula
928:
893:Unisys
880:
829:
811:JOVIAL
788:
752:
701:
549:Scheme
531:, and
505:, and
382:, for
327:, and
321:Pascal
309:Simula
299:, and
289:syntax
213:Scheme
205:Pascal
201:Simula
166:strong
162:Static
104:Perlis
96:Backus
66:Family
4903:Peck^
4900:Naur^
4705:Katz^
4521:(RRE)
4504:(MIT)
4415:(ACM)
4409:Group
4407:ALCOR
4345:ALGOL
4337:SMALL
4313:RTL/2
4294:Algol
4277:FLACC
4253:ALGOL
4240:CORAL
4175:ALCOR
4114:ALGOL
4027:(PDF)
4016:(PDF)
4010:[
3994:(PDF)
3987:(PDF)
3973:(PDF)
3966:(PDF)
3827:S2CID
3775:(PDF)
3764:(PDF)
3550:S2CID
3505:S2CID
3428:(PDF)
3421:(PDF)
3368:(PDF)
3361:(PDF)
3098:S2CID
3050:(PDF)
2994:(PDF)
2987:(PDF)
2962:(PDF)
2955:(PDF)
2908:S2CID
2743:ALGOL
2667:ISWIM
2606:fonts
2554:ALCOR
2531:ASCII
2469:begin
2419:world
2416:Hello
2410:print
2407:begin
2354:BEGIN
2317:WRITE
2293:BEGIN
2256:WRITE
2232:ARRAY
2205:BEGIN
2145:$ l$
2137:while
2131:step
2034:begin
2021:i, k)
1965:table
1951:begin
1937:until
1922:until
1907:begin
1891:array
1887:value
1775:value
1670:ESPOL
1584:China
1336:COBOL
1313:ALGEK
1152:ZEBRA
1091:1962
1080:Italy
978:PDP-1
949:GOGOL
774:1960s
666:Year
663:Name
446:COBOL
418:(cf.
340:begin
301:COBOL
221:ALGOL
195:e.g.
173:Scope
128:Green
80:Bauer
69:ALGOL
29:ALGOL
4343:SMIL
4303:Mary
4271:NEWP
4257:DG/L
4251:DASK
4199:ELLA
4180:ALGO
4035:2022
3907:2022
3895:LCCN
3885:ISBN
3817:ISBN
3783:2016
3746:2007
3586:ISBN
3542:ISSN
3497:ISSN
3462:2018
3436:2012
3275:2012
3249:2009
3191:help
3184:and
3154:ISBN
3061:2024
3027:2024
3002:2014
2970:2021
2938:2007
2900:ISSN
2598:BESM
2580:(or
2561:GOST
2545:and
2524:IFIP
2440:The
2385:and
2335:>
2329:<
2305:KIND
2296:FILE
2217:KIND
2208:FILE
2133:from
2114:file
2106:real
2078:then
2066:2⌈a
2062:2⌊a
2060:from
2045:from
2037:real
2023:real
2012:real
2005:real
2001:proc
1948:then
1933:step
1918:step
1899:real
1757:for
1674:NEWP
1672:and
1632:1979
1598:1972
1594:DG/L
1570:1972
1555:for
1495:and
1489:1967
1455:1967
1444:BESM
1422:1967
1389:1966
1353:1966
1316:1965
1286:1965
1275:KDF9
1266:and
1236:1964
1201:1963
1190:KDF9
1163:1963
1126:1962
1063:1962
1027:1962
989:1961
953:1961
914:1961
861:1961
815:1960
740:and
720:Zuse
686:1958
553:Lisp
444:and
313:BCPL
305:PL/I
297:Lisp
211:and
197:PL/I
148:1958
141:1958
112:Naur
100:Katz
4598:MAD
4298:MAD
4282:IMP
3940:'s
3809:doi
3534:doi
3489:doi
3397:doi
3333:doi
3146:doi
3088:doi
2890:doi
2764:ACM
2473:end
2425:end
2369:END
2341:END
2280:END
2129:for
2096:end
2082:abs
2074:abs
2056:for
2051:⌈a
2047:⌊a
2041:for
2019:int
2016:ref
2014:y,
2009:ref
2007:a,
1958:end
1955:end
1929:for
1914:for
1901:y;
1893:a;
1879:.)
1849:.
1777:or
1744:I/O
1710:by
1618:DG
1477:ZAM
1264:ACE
896:MCP
845:Ada
841:HOL
838:DOD
724:Z23
722:'s
715:Z22
621:As
380:IAL
344:end
342:...
325:Ada
5070::
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4022:.
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1944:if
1941:do
1939:m
1935:1
1926:do
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1920:1
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1537:,
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