576:
765:
1004:
962:
757:
1117:
1138:
1075:
1165:
749:
298:
781:
941:
1096:
983:
1033:
1054:
29:
290:
773:
610:. The radar first flew in the third airframe, designated P2V-2S, which was the first developed for the anti-submarine role. It proved effective at identifying large surface ships up to 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) away but was ineffectual when tracking periscopes. Subsequently, the airframe was adopted by a range of operators, from the
409:
Later versions expanded the capability. The AN/APS-20F extended the range against aircraft to 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi), while the larger AN/APS-20E could detect an aerial 1 m (11 sq ft) target at 115 nautical miles (213 km; 132 mi). Initially deployed in
439:
The first aircraft equipped with the AN/APS-20 was a converted TBM-3 Avenger, designated XTBM-3W, which first flew on 5 August 1944. The radar was mounted in a radome under the forward fuselage. A series of aircraft were converted from existing TBM-3 airframes by the
422:, with a wide selection of PRFs and pulse widths in each band. It also included automatic target indication, three choices of heading reference and stabilization, selectable azimuth and elevation beam widths, selectable output and receiver radiated gain and
207:
aircraft. Similarly, although developed for detecting aircraft, it saw extensive service in anti-submarine and maritime patrol roles and was one of the first radars to be used in researching extreme weather like hurricanes by agencies like the
2345:
507:
procured fifty examples of the AD-3W as the
Skyraider AEW.1. This was the first use of the radar the a non-US operator. Meanwhile, in an attempt to extend endurance, in 1954 the USN ordered the installation of the radar in a
499:(USAF) that it ordered it into service as the EC-121 Warning Star. Following a test between 24 February and 23 March 1953, the USAF used their aircraft to mount a near-continuous monitor of potential incursion by the
195:, the radar was developed to be carried by aircraft to extend the sensor range of ships by placing a radar at altitude. Although developed for carrier-borne operation, first being installed in the single-engined
682:, which offered similar capabilities to the AN/APS-20 but added continuous 360Β° area search coverage, replaced the radar in the anti-submarine role from 1961. The Canadians finally replaced their AN/APS-20 with
560:(NOAA). Aircraft operated by these agencies were also made available to universities, and therefore the radar was also used as a tool for academic research where its attributes proved invaluable in the study of
248:
From the early days of its development, radar had been used to detect aircraft. Early apparatus was large and required substantial power, and so was limited to fixed locations and ships. However, during
516:, later redesigned ZPG-2W and then, in 1962, EZ-1B. The last example retired in October 1962, not only ending the use of the radar in airships but also all lighter than air operations by the service.
536:. The first trials of the radar took place in 1946 with a PB-1W and on 15 September 1953 the newly created weather squadron VJ2 flew the first aircraft equipped with an APS/AN-20 into a hurricane,
587:
V fitted with ASV.13 to see if the radar could also be used to identify surface ships, but the peak power was deemed too high and the pulse length too long for the application. Nonetheless, the
457:
aircraft were converted from B-17G Flying
Fortresses to become the first land-based aircraft equipped with the radar. They were especially designed to combat the increasing threat of Japanese
240:) and a ship at 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi). This was improved, so that later versions had a range against aerial targets of 115 nautical miles (213 km; 132 mi).
694:
maritime patrol aircraft. Re-entering service in 1972 with the RAF with the designation AEW.2, the aircraft continued to operate until July 1991 in the airborne early warning role.
305:
The solution to the problem of detecting objects beyond the horizon lay in developing a dedicated airborne early warning radar. On 2 February 1942, the USN commissioned the
2553:
187:
developed in the United States in the 1940s. Entering service in 1945, it served for nearly half a century, finally being retired in 1991. Initially developed at
2285:
2459:
281:
radars proved inadequate for the task. Optimised for aerial combat, they were too short ranged to fulfil the necessary long-range aerial surveillance role.
690:(RAF), which had previously used it between 1952 and 1957. When the Royal Navy retired their last AN/APS-20, they were refurbished and fitted to retiring
454:
469:(CIC) Officer supported by two radio operators. The latter team was able to direct aircraft to the target, adding the ability of the aircraft to control
2558:
629:, where the radar's long range enabled it to be used in tracking and other tasks. It was particularly used to help find returning space capsules after
2320:
1223:
575:
390:
was 1 MW. The AN/APS-20B, designed to be carried by larger aircraft, differed in size and capability. It had a peak power of 2 MW and a horizontal
1181:
557:
678:
aboard their
Warning Stars. In the meantime, the USN introduced the AN/APS-82 on board carriers in the airborne early warning role in 1959. The
2543:
2528:
1175:
553:
209:
2533:
675:
671:
495:. Both also saw service outside the USN. The latter, which could carry up to 32 servicemen for long trips, so impressed the newly formed
325:. The team grew rapidly from 37, including 10 officers, in May 1943 to 138 at the end of the War. The outcome of the development was an
253:, increasingly smaller radar sets were developed that could be more installed in smaller platforms like aircraft. At the same time, the
2393:
Shannon, John G. (January 2014). "A History of U.S. Navy
Airborne and Shipboard Periscope Detection Radar Design and Development".
465:, a single Radar Operator (RO). The larger size of the PB-1W allowed for two ROs, an Electronics Technician and, critically, a
2498:
2448:
2429:
2275:
2256:
2214:
2173:
2135:
2103:
2084:
2065:
2024:
310:
188:
2374:
489:
441:
212:(ESSA). As well as the United States, the radar was used by a large number of services in other countries, including the
474:
473:
and enabling operation independent of shipboard or ground-based control. This capability was later developed into the
2412:
2311:
2239:
1064:
524:
Alongside these developments, new uses of the radar were explored. One arena where the radar broke new ground was in
378:
in the S band. Later a slightly smaller 8 ft (2.4 m) antenna was used. The scanner had two speeds, 3 and 6
217:
2051:
Fine, Frederick (1976). VHF-UHF Aircraft
Antenna (Report). Vol. 8012. Washington DC: Naval Research Laboratory.
2538:
1217:
480:
Post-war, the USN quickly accelerated a program to get the radar into service. The AN/APS-20 was installed in the
2523:
145:
200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi) against surface ships, 65 nmi (120 km; 75 mi) (APS/AN-20B)
2347:
Dictionary of
American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 2: The History of VP, VPB, VP(H) and VP(AM) Squadrons
674:, which provided target height data, in 1956 but waited until after 1962 before replacing the radar with the
2096:
U.S. Naval
Weapons: Every Gun, Missile, Mine, and Torpedo Used by the U.S. Navy from 1883 to the Present Day
2328:
1085:
873:
867:
545:
541:
485:
340:. Simultaneously, the need for a version for larger land-based aircraft was recognised. Under the guise of
1127:
801:
649:
615:
345:
972:
907:
383:
106:
795:
638:
466:
2518:
1212:
1199:
1016:
592:
588:
306:
225:
406:) against low flying aircraft and 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) against shipping.
333:, the initial platform, was to be carrier-based and the first radar was to be fitted to converted
2548:
1187:
716:
Initial version developed for land-based aircraft with additional command and control capability.
496:
606:. Of greater impact, however, was the improved AN/APS-20E subsequently used in the role in the
599:
537:
423:
379:
258:
176:
172:
72:
261:
were the largest threat to their warships and protecting these ships became more dependent on
2406:
2305:
2233:
925:
825:
819:
807:
789:
595:
481:
359:
200:
180:
54:
2373:(Report). Miami: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami.
2151:. Washington DC: Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air Warfare), Naval Air Systems Command.
1106:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
607:
270:
764:
722:
Improved version to equip both large four-engine and carrier-borne single-engine aircraft.
706:
Initial version developed for carrier-based aircraft with single 12 in (305 mm)
8:
1022:
993:
861:
855:
849:
813:
603:
334:
265:
and their squadrons. Shipborne radar did not have sufficient range to identify attacking
196:
1193:
919:
913:
656:
645:
569:
254:
2494:
2491:
Airborne
Maritime Surveillance Radar: Volume 2, Post-war British ASV Radars 1946-2000
2470:
2444:
2425:
2271:
2252:
2210:
2169:
2152:
2131:
2099:
2080:
2061:
2020:
529:
500:
448:
318:
756:
602:
aircraft, commissioning
Grumman to use it in the design which eventually became the
707:
533:
470:
445:
355:
262:
50:
2183:
Howard, Peter J. (August 1972). "The
Lockheed Neptune in R.A.F. Service: Part 1".
2146:
2035:
1148:
691:
687:
664:
626:
584:
221:
204:
76:
670:
Replacement of the radar took many decades. The USAF trialled the more advanced
394:
of 1.5Β° and vertical of 6Β°. Pulse width remained 2 ΞΌs. Range was extended to 65
2367:
1228:
951:
611:
583:
Meanwhile, in 1948, the UK evaluated a PB-1W equipped with AN/APS-20 against a
462:
337:
199:, it was also used in larger four-engined airframes, the last being a fleet of
313:(MIT) to explore an airborne radar design dedicated to seeking aircraft under
2512:
2474:
2156:
843:
837:
660:
561:
513:
395:
391:
278:
274:
229:
184:
80:
831:
641:
565:
387:
348:
250:
228:(RCAF). Early versions of the radar could see a low-flying aircraft at 65
1043:
748:
652:
525:
363:
213:
297:
1154:
780:
630:
622:
504:
683:
679:
399:
233:
116:
544:
from 1956, the squadron frequently flew up to three times a week on
492:
458:
1304:
1302:
548:. At the same time, VW-1 was providing a similar service tracking
477:(AWACS). The war ended before either aircraft became operational.
2268:
Naval Institute Guide to the Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet
2148:
Kite Balloons to Airships: The Navy's Lighter-than-air Experience
1611:
1609:
1607:
1565:
549:
329:
radar designated AN/APS-20. Development continued in two guises.
2353:. Washington DC: Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy
734:
Version with smaller antenna and less range than the AN/APS-20E.
564:. It was used in a wide range of airframes, including converted
1299:
1009:
419:
415:
411:
326:
289:
266:
98:
94:
90:
28:
1847:
1604:
1373:
598:. The USN also looked to mount the radar on its carrier-borne
461:
attacks. The crew of the Avenger consisted of, as well as the
509:
375:
371:
322:
33:
AN/APS-20 at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester
1979:
1670:
1668:
1592:
2368:
Radar Hurricane Research 1 September 1968 to 31 August 1969
2166:
Airborne Early Warning: Design, Development, and Operations
2113:
Grier, Paul (April 2005). "The Fall of the Warning Stars".
634:
403:
367:
237:
2321:"Storm Hunters: The Navy's Hurricane Reconnaissance Units"
1405:
1403:
1218:
Radar picket Β§ Converted and purpose-built submarines
772:
633:. For example, the radar was installed aboard aircraft of
362:. The first version, the AN/APS-20A, had, initially, an 8-
1871:
1859:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1665:
1653:
1390:
1388:
1837:
1835:
1760:
1758:
1582:
1580:
1432:
1430:
1346:
1344:
503:
of American continental airspace. At the same time, the
444:
and designated TBM-3W, with initial training aboard the
1526:
1400:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1787:
1785:
1680:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1445:
1415:
1385:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1314:
552:
in the Pacific. Other users of the radar included the
277:. The solution lay in placing a radar in an aircraft.
257:(USN) was aware that attacks from the aircraft of the
2196:
Hunt, Jack (April 1963). "They Hunt the Hurricanes".
2036:
BOMEX Temporary Archive Description of Available Data
1895:
1883:
1832:
1755:
1707:
1577:
1555:
1553:
1427:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1246:
728:
Larger antenna version optimised for maritime patrol.
1967:
1955:
1820:
1626:
1624:
1270:
2284:
2249:
U.S. Experimental & Prototype Aircraft Projects
2223:
1991:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1797:
1782:
1770:
1636:
1571:
1509:
1488:
1476:
1457:
1442:
1356:
1308:
621:The AN/APS-20 was also briefly used as part of the
1550:
1326:
1287:
1258:
1621:
1538:
1224:List of military electronics of the United States
453:starting in May 1945. At the same time, 31 large
2510:
686:in 1981. The last operator of the radar was the
2554:Military equipment introduced from 1945 to 1949
2366:Senn, Harry V.; Courtright, Charles L. (1969).
2033:
1615:
1379:
1182:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
558:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2365:
1985:
1598:
864:β 156 built, including one XTB3F-1S prototype.
386:(PRF) of 300 Hz, a pulse length of 2 ΞΌs.
374:) antenna and operated on a frequency of 2850
1176:Environmental Science Services Administration
554:Environmental Science Services Administration
210:Environmental Science Services Administration
2422:Canadian Warbirds of the Post-War Piston Era
822:β 367 built, including one XAD-1W prototype.
488:, a specialised platform developed from the
1213:Radar picket Β§ Replacement by aircraft
868:Lockheed PO-2W / WV-2 / EC-121 Warning Star
2467:Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal
2460:"Maritime Patrol in the Piston Engine Era"
2074:
2055:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1701:
1674:
1659:
27:
2559:Military electronics of the United States
2395:U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics
2144:
1532:
519:
434:
354:The production radar was manufactured by
284:
2438:
2224:"Navymen Go Where the Wild Winds Blow".
2207:B-29 Superfortress in Detail & Scale
2093:
1409:
1394:
1350:
1320:
1252:
779:
771:
763:
755:
747:
574:
296:
288:
2419:
2392:
2343:
2125:
1901:
1841:
1713:
1689:
1421:
906:β 287 built, including 48 assembled by
900:β 424 built, including 52 Neptune MR.1.
894:β 51 built, including P2V-2S prototype.
2511:
2265:
2246:
2182:
1889:
1764:
1586:
1436:
1281:
637:that were involved in the recovery of
484:, which replaced the Avenger, and the
2544:Radars of the United States Air Force
2493:. San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool.
2488:
2457:
2318:
2204:
2163:
2112:
2019:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
2014:
1997:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1826:
1814:
1791:
1776:
1647:
1544:
1520:
1503:
1482:
1470:
1451:
1367:
1335:
1293:
1264:
579:AN/APS-20E radome on a Japanese P2V-7
311:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
189:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2529:Military radars of the United States
2195:
2098:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2050:
1630:
1559:
2534:Equipment of the United States Navy
2286:"Project Cast: Radar Learns to Fly"
932:
874:Lockheed WV-3 / WC-121 Warning Star
490:Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation
475:Airborne Warning and Control System
153:8 ft (2.4 m) (APS/AN-20A)
13:
2380:from the original on June 11, 2020
410:1953, the E model operated in the
14:
2570:
2441:World Electronic Warfare Aircraft
2319:Reade, David (15 December 2011).
2251:. North Branch: Specialty Press.
1065:Japan Maritime Self Defense Force
351:was to be fitted with the radar.
218:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
2424:. San Jose: Writers Club Press.
2209:. Blue Ridge Summit: Tab Books.
1163:
1136:
1115:
1094:
1073:
1052:
1031:
1002:
981:
960:
939:
862:Grumman TB3F-1S / AF-2W Guardian
442:Naval Aircraft Modification Unit
121:1.5Β° (horizontal), 6Β° (vertical)
2145:Grossnick, Roy A., ed. (1987).
2034:De la Moriniere, Terry (1972).
2007:
738:
591:(RCAF) used the radar in their
2270:. Annapolis: Naval Institute.
540:. Equipped with the dedicated
1:
2411:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2310:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2238:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1239:
1234:
904:Lockheed P2V-7 / P-2H Neptune
898:Lockheed P2V-5 / P-2E Neptune
892:Lockheed P2V-4 / P-2D Neptune
850:General Motors TBM-3W Avenger
820:Douglas AD-W / EA-1 Skyraider
572:which served into the 1970s.
556:(ESSA) and its successor the
243:
197:General Motors TBM-3W Avenger
2077:Lockheed Aircraft since 1913
2075:Francillon, RenΓ© J. (1987).
2056:Francillon, RenΓ© J. (1989).
1200:United States Weather Bureau
1086:Dutch Naval Aviation Service
568:airliners and the dedicated
546:tropical cyclone observation
346:Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress
335:General Motors TBM-3 Avenger
269:in time to launch defensive
7:
2420:Skaarup, Harold A. (2001).
2130:. London: Chartwell Books.
2058:Grumman Aircraft Since 1929
2015:Chant, Christopher (1980).
1206:
1128:Republic of China Air Force
743:
697:
616:Republic of China Air Force
486:Lockheed PO-2W Warning Star
10:
2575:
2038:(Report). Washington: NOAA
1986:Senn & Courtright 1969
1599:Senn & Courtright 1969
973:Royal Australian Air Force
429:
384:Pulse Repetition Frequency
344:, it was decided that the
203:which were converted from
2439:Streetly, Martin (1984).
2344:Roberts, Michael (2000).
2094:Friedman, Norman (1985).
796:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
467:Combat Information Center
157:
149:
141:
133:
125:
115:
105:
86:
68:
60:
46:
38:
26:
2247:Norton, William (2008).
2205:Lloyd, Alwyn T. (1987).
1572:Naval Aviation News 1955
1309:Naval Aviation News 1946
1017:Royal Canadian Air Force
589:Royal Canadian Air Force
528:, particularly with the
426:amongst other features.
382:. The radar worked at a
226:Royal Canadian Air Force
2539:General Electric radars
2266:Polmar, Norman (1997).
1188:United States Air Force
886:Lockheed P2V-3W Neptune
880:Lockheed P2V-2S Neptune
826:Douglas Skyraider AEW.1
760:Douglas AD-3W Skyraider
497:United States Air Force
482:Douglas AD-3W Skyraider
2524:Anti-submarine warfare
2228:: 14β17. January 1955.
2126:Gunston, Bill (1977).
2017:The World's Air Forces
856:Grumman Avenger Mk.3W2
785:
777:
776:Lockheed P2V-5 Neptune
769:
761:
753:
580:
520:Expanding capabilities
435:Trials and initial use
424:automatic gain control
380:revolutions per minute
302:
294:
285:Design and development
259:Imperial Japanese Navy
173:airborne early warning
73:Airborne early warning
39:Country of origin
2489:Watts, Simon (2018).
790:Avro Shackleton AEW.2
783:
775:
767:
759:
751:
593:maritime surveillance
578:
301:The radar in a TBM-3W
300:
293:General Motors TBM-3W
292:
201:Avro Shackleton AEW.2
181:maritime surveillance
16:Airborne search radar
2458:Tyack, Bill (2005).
2164:Hirst, Mike (1983).
1856:, pp. 278, 281.
1616:De la Moriniere 1972
1380:De la Moriniere 1972
1107:Portuguese Air Force
920:Lockheed WP-3A Orion
914:Lockheed EP-3E Orion
692:Avro Shackleton MR.2
608:Lockheed P2V Neptune
570:Lockheed WP-3A Orion
307:Radiation Laboratory
271:interceptor aircraft
2325:Naval Aviation News
2290:Naval Aviation News
2226:Naval Aviation News
2198:Naval Aviation News
1023:Royal Canadian Navy
994:Brazilian Air Force
814:Fairey Gannet AEW.3
808:Canadair Argus Mk.1
768:Fairey Gannet AEW.3
604:Grumman S2F Tracker
596:Canadair Argus Mk.1
93:(APS/AN-20A), plus
23:
2443:. London: Jane's.
2191:(8): 284β289, 294.
2168:. London: Osprey.
2128:Helicopters at War
2115:Air Force Magazine
2079:. London: Putnam.
2060:. London: Putnam.
1220:- Project Migraine
1194:United States Navy
786:
778:
770:
762:
754:
657:Mercury-Redstone 4
646:Mercury-Redstone 3
581:
317:, named after the
303:
295:
255:United States Navy
21:
2500:978-1-64327-073-9
2450:978-0-71060-166-7
2431:978-0-59518-420-0
2292:: 1β4. April 1946
2277:978-1-55750-686-3
2258:978-1-58007-109-3
2216:978-0-83068-035-1
2175:978-0-85045-532-8
2137:978-0-70260-020-3
2105:978-0-87021-735-7
2086:978-0-85177-805-1
2067:978-0-85177-835-8
2026:978-0-71537-690-4
1122:Republic of China
784:Sikorsky HR2S-1W
542:WV-3 Warning Star
534:tropical cyclones
530:hurricane hunters
501:Soviet Air Forces
319:Cadillac Mountain
263:aircraft carriers
165:
164:
161:1 MW (APS/AN-20A)
2566:
2504:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2464:
2454:
2435:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2327:. Archived from
2315:
2309:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2281:
2262:
2243:
2237:
2229:
2220:
2201:
2192:
2179:
2160:
2141:
2122:
2109:
2090:
2071:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1795:
1789:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1634:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1507:
1501:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1354:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1008:
1006:
1005:
987:
985:
984:
966:
964:
963:
945:
943:
942:
933:Former operators
926:Sikorsky HR2S-1W
526:weather research
471:fighter aircraft
446:aircraft carrier
356:General Electric
315:Project Cadillac
193:Project Cadillac
81:weather research
51:General Electric
31:
24:
20:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2519:Aircraft radars
2509:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2451:
2432:
2404:
2403:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2334:
2332:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2278:
2259:
2231:
2230:
2217:
2176:
2138:
2106:
2087:
2068:
2041:
2039:
2027:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1878:Francillon 1987
1876:
1872:
1866:Francillon 1987
1864:
1860:
1854:Francillon 1989
1852:
1848:
1840:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1798:
1790:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1750:Francillon 1987
1748:
1744:
1738:Francillon 1989
1736:
1732:
1726:Francillon 1989
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1702:Francillon 1989
1700:
1696:
1688:
1681:
1675:Francillon 1987
1673:
1666:
1660:Francillon 1989
1658:
1654:
1646:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1401:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1357:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1209:
1164:
1162:
1149:Royal Air Force
1137:
1135:
1116:
1114:
1095:
1093:
1074:
1072:
1053:
1051:
1032:
1030:
1003:
1001:
982:
980:
961:
959:
940:
938:
935:
852:β 27 converted.
844:Goodyear ZPG-3W
838:Goodyear ZPG-2W
804:β 32 converted.
792:β 12 converted.
746:
741:
700:
688:Royal Air Force
665:Mercury-Atlas 8
627:Project Mercury
585:Vickers Warwick
538:Hurricane Dolly
532:that flew into
522:
437:
432:
338:torpedo bombers
287:
246:
222:Royal Air Force
205:maritime patrol
77:maritime patrol
53:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Weather radars
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2486:
2455:
2449:
2436:
2430:
2417:
2390:
2363:
2341:
2331:on 9 July 2020
2316:
2282:
2276:
2263:
2257:
2244:
2221:
2215:
2202:
2193:
2180:
2174:
2161:
2142:
2136:
2123:
2110:
2104:
2091:
2085:
2072:
2066:
2053:
2048:
2031:
2025:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1976:, p. 126.
1966:
1964:, p. 113.
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1892:, p. 379.
1882:
1880:, p. 265.
1870:
1868:, p. 320.
1858:
1846:
1831:
1829:, p. 191.
1819:
1796:
1781:
1769:
1767:, p. 285.
1754:
1752:, p. 413.
1742:
1740:, p. 404.
1730:
1728:, p. 317.
1718:
1706:
1704:, p. 278.
1694:
1692:, p. 213.
1679:
1677:, p. 264.
1664:
1662:, p. 554.
1652:
1635:
1620:
1618:, p. 177.
1603:
1591:
1589:, p. 537.
1576:
1564:
1549:
1537:
1533:Grossnick 1987
1525:
1508:
1487:
1475:
1456:
1441:
1439:, p. 214.
1426:
1424:, p. 212.
1414:
1412:, p. 253.
1399:
1384:
1382:, p. 210.
1372:
1370:, p. 8-7.
1355:
1340:
1325:
1323:, p. 146.
1313:
1298:
1286:
1284:, p. 213.
1269:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1229:List of radars
1226:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1143:United Kingdom
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1012:
998:
997:
990:
989:
977:
976:
969:
968:
956:
955:
952:Argentine Navy
948:
947:
934:
931:
930:
929:
923:
922:β 4 converted.
917:
916:β 2 converted.
911:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
876:. 8 converted.
871:
865:
859:
858:β 8 delivered.
853:
847:
841:
835:
834:β 2 converted.
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
798:β 3 converted.
793:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
704:
699:
696:
659:and Commander
612:Argentine Navy
600:anti-submarine
521:
518:
436:
433:
431:
428:
396:nautical miles
286:
283:
245:
242:
230:nautical miles
177:anti-submarine
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2571:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2476:
2472:
2469:(33): 67β89.
2468:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2401:(1): 203β231.
2400:
2396:
2391:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:Air Pictorial
2181:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2000:, p. 65.
1999:
1994:
1988:, p. 24.
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1952:, p. 92.
1951:
1946:
1940:, p. 28.
1939:
1934:
1928:, p. 19.
1927:
1922:
1916:, p. 17.
1915:
1910:
1904:, p. 59.
1903:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1844:, p. 41.
1843:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1823:
1817:, p. 62.
1816:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1794:, p. 63.
1793:
1788:
1786:
1779:, p. 87.
1778:
1773:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1716:, p. 46.
1715:
1710:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1656:
1650:, p. 34.
1649:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1601:, p. 25.
1600:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1574:, p. 14.
1573:
1568:
1562:, p. 14.
1561:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1535:, p. 70.
1534:
1529:
1523:, p. 72.
1522:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1506:, p. 66.
1505:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1485:, p. 78.
1484:
1479:
1473:, p. 64.
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1454:, p. 61.
1453:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1410:Friedman 1985
1406:
1404:
1397:, p. 36.
1396:
1395:Streetly 1984
1391:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1353:, p. 58.
1352:
1351:Streetly 1984
1347:
1345:
1338:, p. 60.
1337:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:Friedman 1985
1317:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1296:, p. 59.
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1267:, p. 58.
1266:
1261:
1255:, p. 95.
1254:
1253:Friedman 1985
1249:
1245:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:United States
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
991:
979:
978:
974:
971:
970:
958:
957:
953:
950:
949:
937:
936:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:
782:
774:
766:
758:
750:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
705:
702:
701:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
661:Wally Schirra
658:
654:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:, supporting
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
586:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
562:precipitation
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
517:
515:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:
447:
443:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
299:
291:
282:
280:
279:Night fighter
276:
275:radar horizon
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:weather radar
182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
42:United States
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2466:
2440:
2421:
2407:cite journal
2398:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2355:. Retrieved
2346:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:the original
2324:
2306:cite journal
2294:. Retrieved
2289:
2267:
2248:
2234:cite journal
2225:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2184:
2165:
2147:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2095:
2076:
2057:
2040:. Retrieved
2016:
2008:Bibliography
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1902:Gunston 1977
1897:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1842:Skaarup 2001
1822:
1772:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1714:Roberts 2000
1709:
1697:
1690:Shannon 2014
1655:
1633:, p. 1.
1594:
1567:
1540:
1528:
1478:
1422:Shannon 2014
1417:
1375:
1316:
1311:, p. 4.
1289:
1260:
1248:
870:. 232 built.
832:Douglas DC-6
802:Boeing PB-1W
752:Boeing PB-1W
739:Applications
669:
642:Alan Shepard
620:
582:
566:Douglas DC-6
523:
479:
455:Boeing PB-1W
449:
438:
408:
353:
349:heavy bomber
341:
330:
314:
304:
251:World War II
247:
192:
191:(MIT) under
168:
166:
101:(AN/APS-20E)
47:Manufacturer
18:
1890:Polmar 1997
1765:Howard 1972
1587:Polmar 1997
1437:Norton 2008
1282:Norton 2008
1080:Netherlands
1044:French Navy
888:β 30 built.
828:β 50 built.
816:β 44 built.
810:β 13 built.
653:Gus Grissom
370:(2.54
342:Cadillac II
273:due to the
214:French Navy
2513:Categories
2357:17 October
2296:17 October
1998:Hirst 1983
1974:Chant 1980
1962:Chant 1980
1950:Chant 1980
1938:Chant 1980
1926:Chant 1980
1914:Chant 1980
1827:Chant 1980
1815:Chant 1980
1792:Lloyd 1987
1777:Tyack 2005
1648:Chant 1980
1545:Reade 2011
1521:Hirst 1983
1504:Hirst 1983
1483:Grier 2005
1471:Hirst 1983
1452:Hirst 1983
1368:Watts 2018
1336:Hirst 1983
1294:Hirst 1983
1265:Hirst 1983
1240:Citiations
1235:References
1155:Royal Navy
928:β 2 built.
882:β 1 built.
846:β 4 built.
840:β 5 built.
731:AN/APS-20F
725:AN/APS-20E
719:AN/APS-20C
713:AN/APS-20B
703:AN/APS-20A
684:AN/APS-115
631:splashdown
623:Space Race
505:Royal Navy
402:; 75
398:(120
392:beam width
388:Peak power
331:Cadillac I
244:Background
236:; 75
232:(120
224:(RAF) and
126:Pulsewidth
61:Introduced
2475:1361-4231
2157:606396280
1631:Fine 1976
1560:Hunt 1963
967:Australia
946:Argentina
680:AN/APS-80
676:AN/APS-95
672:AN/APS-82
639:Commander
360:Hazeltine
220:(JMSDF),
169:AN/APS-20
117:Beamwidth
87:Frequency
55:Hazeltine
22:AN/APS-20
2375:Archived
2200:: 14β17.
2121:: 78β79.
1207:See Also
1101:Portugal
908:Kawasaki
744:Aircraft
710:display.
698:Variants
550:typhoons
493:airliner
459:Kamikaze
150:Diameter
2480:11 June
2384:11 June
2335:11 June
2042:11 June
650:Captain
614:to the
514:ZP2N-1W
430:Service
309:at the
267:bombers
171:was an
2497:
2473:
2447:
2428:
2274:
2255:
2213:
2172:
2155:
2134:
2102:
2083:
2064:
2023:
1168:
1141:
1120:
1099:
1078:
1057:
1038:France
1036:
1010:Canada
1007:
988:Brazil
986:
965:
944:
512:, the
450:Ranger
420:X band
416:S band
412:L band
327:S-Band
137:3 or 6
111:300 Hz
99:X Band
91:S Band
2463:(PDF)
2378:(PDF)
2371:(PDF)
2351:(PDF)
1059:Japan
663:from
655:from
644:from
510:blimp
463:pilot
323:Maine
158:Power
142:Range
2495:ISBN
2482:2020
2471:ISSN
2445:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2413:link
2386:2020
2359:2020
2337:2020
2312:link
2298:2020
2272:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2240:link
2211:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2153:OCLC
2132:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2044:2020
2021:ISBN
635:VP-5
418:and
368:inch
364:foot
358:and
183:and
167:The
129:2 ΞΌs
97:and
69:Type
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