174:, a Quaker physician and botanist who had known the Parkinson family in Edinburgh. Fothergill approached Banks and proposed and later witnessed an agreement between Banks and Parkinson's siblings. Banks paid £500 (equivalent to £80,000 in 2023) as outstanding salary and as compensation for the collections and papers, a settlement that did not satisfy Stanfield. Banks allowed him to borrow some of his brother's papers after Fothergill had made a strict promise that they would not be misused. Despite this promise, Stanfield arranged for a copy to be made and decided to publish the journal, attempting to pre-empt the official publication of Cook's and Banks's journals, which was edited by the writer
320:
162:(now Jakarta, Indonesia), together with most of his shipmates. After his death on 26 January 1771, his employer Joseph Banks took care of his possessions. Banks announced the death of Parkinson to his brother Stanfield Parkinson, an upholsterer, after the ship had returned to England. Stanfield asserted that his brother's collections and journals and everything done in his spare time should be among the inheritance, and that only the botanical artwork was included in Parkinson's contract with Banks.
1757:
103:
22:
225:
407:, rejected the names in Parkinson's book because they contained hyphens, but accepted the same names without hyphens as validly published in a 1774 German translation by an author known as "Z" of the chapter on plants. Other authors consider the question of hyphens to be just a typographical error. The identity of "Z" was unknown until 2006, when he was identified as Friedrich August Zorn von Plobsheim (1711–1789).
1182:"Review of A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas; Captain Cook's Second Voyage: The Journals of Lieutenants Elliott and Pickersgill; In the Wake of Cook: Exploration, Science & Empire, 1780–1801; Autobiographical Narrative of Residence and Exploration in Australia 1832–1839 by Edward John Eyre; Journals of the Central Australian Expedition, 1844-5"
343:, a spear-throwing device. The holes in the shield are featured in Parkinson's descriptions, not in his known drawings. The posture and stance of the warriors in the engraving are similar to heroic figures of classical antiquity, unlike those in any of Parkinson's drawings of indigenous peoples, and are likely due to Chambers.
189:, had appeared in 1773. These troubles played a part in the decline of Stanfield Parkinson's mental and physical health; he was committed to an insane asylum and died in 1776. The publication of the preface had been against Quaker rules, but Stanfield was declared insane before he could be excluded from the Westminster
149:
Parkinson kept a journal of the voyage from the start until he fell ill in
January 1771. Unlike the ship's officers, Parkinson was not under orders to yield his journals to the Admiralty or to keep silent about details of the journey. According to his shipmates, his journal was substantial and "much
243:
The book is structured roughly chronologically and broken up in three main parts: the first describes the voyage from
England to Tahiti and contains chapters about plants, language, and tools that Parkinson had observed in Tahiti. The second part is concerned mostly with New Zealand; the third with
140:
on his first voyage, he took
Parkinson with him as part of his entourage, for a salary of £80 per year, equivalent to £10,000 in 2023. Before embarking on the journey, Parkinson had made a will leaving all his belongings to his brother and sister. While at sea, typically Banks and the botanist
2111:
193:, the Quaker congregation where Fothergill was also a member. Several of the engravings in Hawkesworth's book were based on Parkinson's drawings, but this was not acknowledged. While Fothergill had asked for such an acknowledgment, Banks himself had written to Hawkesworth advising against it.
85:
The book is organised chronologically and mainly describes the voyage from
England to Tahiti, the time spent there, and the encounters with New Zealand and Australia. It contains Parkinson's vocabularies of several Pacific languages and also many plant names given by
332:
Besides a portrait of
Parkinson, the book contains 27 engravings based on Parkinson's drawings, by various engravers. In some copies of the 1784 edition, they were hand coloured. Some may include alterations by the engraver; for example, Thomas Chambers's engraving
248:
are all from Sydney
Parkinson or whether his brother or Kenrick inserted their own ideas. However, the work of Kenrick has been described as "quickly and competently done". The linguistic knowledge displayed in the book was unprecedented in a voyage narrative.
169:
was to receive his brother's journal. This was based on a misunderstanding between Banks and Daniel
Solander, who later clarified that the dying Parkinson had just asked that James Lee should be allowed to read his papers. The quarrel was finally mediated by
244:
Australia, the voyage to
Batavia and the languages encountered on this part of the journey. A very brief fourth part recounts the return voyage after Parkinson's death. It is not certain whether the comments in the
145:
worked together on the plant specimens collected on land excursions, with
Parkinson drawing the plants, and Solander writing the descriptions and noting the plant name on the back side of Parkinson's drawings.
65:
for
Parkinson's brother Stanfield, who quarrelled with Banks about his brother's papers and belongings and attacked Banks and others in the book's preface. A legal injunction prevented the publication of the
182:
was engaged as editor for Parkinson's papers, and added a preface attacking both Banks and Fothergill. A legal injunction obtained by Hawkesworth prevented the publication until after the latter's book,
94:. The book is illustrated by engravings based on Sydney Parkinson's drawings. It has been praised for its authenticity but criticised by botanists for the low quality of the botanical content.
216:, another Quaker botanist. This second edition contains some more additional material including maps showing all three of Cook's voyages and outlines of several recent voyages of exploration.
200:
appeared on 12 June 1773, two days after Hawkesworth's book. Fothergill, angry about attacks on him made in the preface, responded at some point between 1773 and 1777 with the publication of
270:
of Tahitian plant species together with their indigenous names. They are not arranged in any systematic order, and the names and descriptions were all given by Daniel Solander. Seven of the
357:
explained the controversy around the first edition and praised the book, noting the authenticity of its observations. The illustrations and the word lists are mentioned as giving the
165:
A lengthy dispute ensued, and when Banks was slow to hand over Sydney's property, Stanfield became increasingly suspicious of Banks, especially because he heard rumours that
1238:. Vol. One. The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771. New Haven and London: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press.
383:, while calling the fact that the journal was published "on the whole, fortunate", dismissed the quality of the botanical content, stating "It is clear that Parkinson
335:
324:
376:
praises Parkinson and states "he would have produced a better book had he lived", and gives the same assessment as Beaglehole on the authority of the book.
2104:
2052:
1970:
252:
The journal contains some elements not found in other accounts of the voyage. For example, in the description of the near-fatal shipwreck when
1703:
462:
1562:"A Royal Society Appointment with Venus in 1769: The Voyage of Cook and Banks in the 'Endeavour' in 1768–1771 and Its Botanical Results"
1730:
2011:
1895:
648:
629:
613:
582:
551:
204:, denouncing Stanfield Parkinson's "treacherous behaviour". After the latter's death, Fothergill bought 400 remaining copies of the
2138:
2022:
263:
in June 1770 and all pumps had to be continuously manned, Parkinson notes that everyone, including even the captain, took part.
2032:
1676:
2037:
1653:
1418:
1390:
2112:
A catalogue of the different specimens of cloth collected in the three voyages of Captain Cook, to the Southern Hemisphere
2059:
387:... did not realize what he was doing when he recorded the Solander generic and specific names, and his brother Stanfield
2227:
2027:
1950:
1920:
372:
describes the book as a "primary authority for the voyage". Reviewing the 1984 reprint edition, the maritime historian
150:
admired", but no continuous version or "fair copy" has ever been found. On the return voyage, Parkinson fell ill with
1243:
212:
were added to the remaining copies. After Fothergill's 1780 death, a second edition was published in 1784, edited by
1413:. Ruggell, Liechtenstein; Königstein, Germany: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag ; Distributed by Koeltz Scientific Books.
2151:
1696:
1321:
The botany of Cook's voyages and its unexpected significance in relation to anthropology, biogeography, and history
2222:
2212:
2189:
2047:
1985:
1910:
2128:
2042:
658:
642:
623:
595:
561:
472:
175:
75:
1611:"The scientific names in the German edition of Parkinson's plants of use for food, medicine etc., in Otaheite"
2217:
2156:
2090:
1157:
312:
2146:
1765:
1736:
1689:
1035:
1008:
353:
319:
307:
171:
79:
1980:
1900:
1845:
1741:
1726:
274:
and 46 binomials were new, but most lack a precise botanical description and are not accepted names in
107:
54:
1161:
229:
The Head of a Chief of New Zealand, the face curiously tattaowd, or mark'd, according to their Manner.
2076:
1855:
185:
71:
2181:
2097:
179:
62:
1540:
1507:
1030:
1885:
1404:
340:
303:
2173:
1995:
275:
271:
166:
50:
1090:
1071:
202:
Explanatory Remarks on the Preface to Sydney Parkinson's Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas
1821:
1437:
398:
267:
1965:
1670:
1805:
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1773:
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8:
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110:. Parkinson participated until he died at sea shortly after the departure from Indonesia.
1076:. Sydney: Trustees of Public Library of N.S.W. in association with Angus and Robertson.
1940:
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1547:. Vol. 2. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
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1498:
1310:
292:—"just enough information to make its acceptance controversial". The competing name
1935:
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1274:
1193:
1121:
990:
42:
25:
1645:
Picturing the Pacific: Joseph Banks and the shipboard artists of Cook and Flinders
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231:
1773 engraving by T. Chambers based on a 1769 drawing by Parkinson, depicting a
1975:
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1865:
994:
373:
260:
91:
78:, had appeared. A second edition appeared in 1784 with explanatory remarks by
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38:
A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas, in His Majesty's ship, the Endeavour
1523:
1428:
1253:
1021:
1915:
1860:
1840:
1756:
1577:
1439:
A journal of a voyage to the South Seas in His Majesty's ship the Endeavour
1302:
1278:
1141:
1110:"Tangled compositions: Botany, agency, and authorship aboard HMS Endeavour"
1109:
133:
46:
1054:
The Journals of Captain James Cook: The Voyage of the Endeavour, 1768–1771
1052:
1990:
1945:
1408:
1233:
982:
136:
and worked for him on natural history drawings. When Joseph Banks joined
1473:
1324:. Chronica botanica. Vol. 14. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co.
368:
In his edition of Cook's journals of the first voyage, the Cook scholar
102:
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294:
279:
137:
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1294:
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236:
1681:
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The Forsters and the botany of the Second Cook Expedition (1772–1775)
403:. This suggestion was not followed by all authors. Another botanist,
155:
1197:
391:... was even less informed", and went on to suggest that the entire
21:
1263:"A Letter from Sydney Parkinson in Batavia to Dr John Fothergill"
224:
159:
151:
122:
1057:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : Hakluyt Society.
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751:
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57:. Parkinson died at sea in 1771 on the return voyage, and the
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presents them with dart and sword, although Parkinson drew a
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1186:
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies
859:
847:
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1382:
Captain Cook Rediscovered: Voyaging to the Icy Latitudes
714:
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572:
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a "superiority over those of contemporary voyagers, who
132:, where Parkinson taught drawing and was introduced to
919:
907:
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799:
435:
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431:
336:
Two of the Natives of New Holland, Advancing to Combat
325:
Two of the Natives of New Holland, Advancing to Combat
288:, its description containing—in the words of botanist
883:
709:
685:
328:. Engraving by Thomas Chambers after Parkinson, 1773.
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823:
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601:
567:
445:
1031:"Impartial and Critical Review of New Publications"
529:
527:
478:
428:
958:
416:
365:... have departed from the simplicity of Nature."
2105:Observations Made During a Voyage Round the World
2204:
1566:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
1267:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
871:
775:
524:
1399:
1224:Captain James Cook; a bibliographical excursion
1073:The Endeavour journal of Joseph Banks 1768–1771
940:
90:, but most of these have not been accepted as
16:1773 book about the first voyage of James Cook
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518:
351:The reviewer of the 1784 second edition for
987:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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283:
1731:1769 transit of Venus observed from Tahiti
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1615:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1472:
1435:
1368:Journal of the Friends Historical Society
1232:Joppien, Rüdiger; Smith, Bernard (1985).
889:
1608:
1508:"Quakerism and Visual Culture 1650–1800"
1378:
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484:
318:
223:
101:
20:
2084:A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas
1672:A Journal of A Voyage to the South Seas
1538:
1505:
1457:""Z": The Breadfruit Author Identified"
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114:Sydney Parkinson was born in Edinburgh
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1677:New Zealand Electronic Text Collection
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41:is a 1773 book based on the papers of
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1095:. London: Adam & Charles Black.
1028:
877:
2060:Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar
1642:Taylor, James (20 September 2018).
1364:"Sydney Parkinson and his Drawings"
1107:
1002:Anderson, A. W. (16 January 1954).
989:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
781:
13:
1627:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1972.tb00697.x
1609:St. John, Harold (December 1972).
1545:Australian Dictionary of Biography
14:
2244:
1664:
1235:The Art of Captain Cook's Voyages
981:Allen, D.E. (23 September 2004).
2152:Puhi Kai Iti / Cook Landing Site
1755:
1541:"Parkinson, Sydney (1745–1771)"
1108:Bil, Geoff (22 December 2020).
1092:The life of Captain James Cook
1:
2091:Characteres generum plantarum
410:
395:be considered outlawed as an
313:Characteres generum plantarum
126:
115:
28:, engraving by James Newton,
298:was described in 1775/76 by
7:
1560:Stearn, William T. (1969).
1436:Parkinson, Sydney (1984) .
1379:Nicandri, David L. (2020).
1362:Miller, William F. (1911).
1331:"The Tree on One Tree Hill"
941:Nicolson & Fosberg 2004
308:second voyage of James Cook
125:family and moved to London
10:
2249:
2038:Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne
1318:Merrill, Elmer D. (1954).
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219:
98:Background and publication
55:first voyage of James Cook
2228:English non-fiction books
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2121:
2077:An Account of the Voyages
2068:
2004:
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1764:
1753:
1719:
1648:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1442:. London: Caliban Books.
1089:Beaglehole, J. C (1974).
1070:Beaglehole, J. C (1962).
306:, the naturalists on the
208:from the family, and his
186:An Account of the Voyages
70:until after the official
2182:Voyage on a Dinner Table
2098:A Voyage Round the World
1506:Pointon, Marcia (1997).
1261:Lysaght, Averil (1981).
1227:. New York, B. Franklin.
1221:Holmes, Maurice (1968).
1180:Gough, Barry M. (1987).
1126:10.1177/0073275320971109
1036:The Gentleman's Magazine
1009:The Gardeners' Chronicle
866:Joppien & Smith 1985
854:Joppien & Smith 1985
842:Joppien & Smith 1985
758:Joppien & Smith 1985
680:Joppien & Smith 1985
519:Joppien & Smith 1985
354:The Gentleman's Magazine
72:account of Cook's voyage
1886:Johann Reinhold Forster
1524:10.1111/1467-8365.00069
1455:Pieper, Harald (2006).
304:Johann Reinhold Forster
2223:English-language books
2213:1773 non-fiction books
2174:Stormy Was the Weather
2139:James Cook Collection:
1578:10.1098/rsnr.1969.0007
1539:Rienits, Rex (2006) .
1329:Merwin, W. S. (1991).
1279:10.1098/rsnr.1981.0005
995:10.1093/ref:odnb/21377
397:
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276:botanical nomenclature
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399:opus utique oppressum
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266:The book contains 74
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51:botanical illustrator
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2218:British travel books
706:, pp. 418, 431.
347:Reception and legacy
214:John Coakley Lettsom
2043:St Kilda, Melbourne
1876:Alexander Dalrymple
1474:10.3372/wi.36.36155
1405:Fosberg, F. Raymond
1049:Beaglehole, John C.
983:"Parkinson, Sydney"
760:, pp. 166–167.
548:, pp. 264–265.
210:Explanatory Remarks
108:Cook's first voyage
2190:Captain James Cook
1941:Nathaniel Portlock
1713:Captain James Cook
1114:History of Science
1004:"Sydney Parkinson"
381:Elmer Drew Merrill
330:
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112:
45:, who accompanied
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2142:Australian Museum
2129:Birthplace Museum
2048:Hyde Park, Sydney
1655:978-1-4729-5544-9
1420:978-3-906166-02-5
1392:978-0-7748-6222-6
1016:. London: 24–25.
796:, pp. 64–65.
504:, p. ccliii.
290:William T. Stearn
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2033:The Mall, London
1936:Sydney Parkinson
1856:Alexander Buchan
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172:John Fothergill
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92:botanical names
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80:John Fothergill
63:William Kenrick
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1916:John Ledyard
1861:James Burney
1841:Joseph Banks
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1742:Third voyage
1727:First voyage
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30:frontispiece
18:
2157:Cook Island
1991:John Webber
1946:Edward Riou
1551:21 November
1512:Art History
1461:Willdenowia
1341:(1): 1–19.
1169:The Linnean
1162:"Editorial"
965:Pieper 2006
830:Stearn 1969
770:Merwin 1991
746:Holmes 1968
719:Miller 1911
577:Taylor 2018
471:, pp.
457:Miller 1911
440:Holmes 1968
282:appears as
130: 1766
119: 1745
32:of the book
2233:James Cook
2207:Categories
2166:Depictions
2012:Zoffany's
1986:John Watts
1911:James King
1834:Associates
1824:Resolution
902:Gough 1987
657:, p.
641:, p.
622:, p.
594:, p.
560:, p.
534:Allen 2004
411:References
295:Artocarpus
280:breadfruit
138:James Cook
2023:Anchorage
1896:John Gore
1822:HMS
1814:HMS
1808:Grenville
1806:HMS
1800:Endeavour
1798:HMS
1790:HMS
1784:Discovery
1782:HMS
1776:Adventure
1774:HMS
1635:0024-4066
1602:143709486
1586:0035-9149
1532:1467-8365
1483:0511-9618
1448:165711349
1347:1045-7909
1287:0035-9149
1206:0095-1390
1175:(3): 1–7.
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1134:0073-2753
1101:480115019
1082:222980498
1063:223185477
1051:(1968) .
878:Anon 1785
473:33–34, 36
256:Endeavour
254:HMS
235:man with
167:James Lee
156:dysentery
2053:Victoria
2019:Statues
2005:Artworks
1816:Pembroke
1499:85738541
1429:55731186
1407:(2004).
1311:30253081
1303:11610946
1254:12544694
1142:33349078
1022:12835111
782:Bil 2020
285:Sitodium
2122:Related
1766:Vessels
1720:Voyages
1675:in the
1491:3997733
1355:4228566
1214:4050425
974:Sources
393:Journal
359:Journal
341:woomera
259:struck
246:Journal
220:Content
206:Journal
198:Journal
191:meeting
160:Batavia
152:malaria
121:into a
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59:Journal
53:on the
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123:Quaker
2069:Books
1792:Eagle
1746:Death
1598:S2CID
1590:JSTOR
1495:S2CID
1487:JSTOR
1351:JSTOR
1335:Manoa
1307:S2CID
1291:JSTOR
1210:JSTOR
1165:(PDF)
1146:S2CID
1043:: 52.
233:Māori
1926:Omai
1650:ISBN
1631:ISSN
1582:ISSN
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1444:OCLC
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302:and
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196:The
154:and
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