Aadhaar - Knowledge

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under para 9.2.26. Many developed countries and an increasing number of developing countries, including China, have databases of their citizens while also providing for each adult individual citizen of the country a unique identification number. Such a unique identification number assigned to a citizen would be a proof of his/her identity for a variety of purposes. The major advantage is that all this can be taken care of by simply producing citizen identity card as a proof of individual identity. Presently, there are different kinds of cards and means of establishing identity in India, such as electoral identity card, income-tax PAN card, passport, ration card, driving licence, birth, and education certificates, etc. However, none of the systems are equipped to handle a population figure that exceeds more than 1 billion in India. So far there has not been any attempt whatsoever to standardise a format of citizen's database, which can link the information available for each citizen from different sources and analyse this according to the needs and project a comprehensive picture of the human resources in the country." Further, the Commission made the specific recommendation under para 9.2.27 made the following observations: 9.2.27 Taking note of the initiative taken by the Ministry of Home Affairs for issuing national identification cards to the citizens, the Commission concludes that: A centralised database of the citizens of the country with a system of issuing a unique identification number/card has several potential benefits to its citizens and will improve the efficiency of administration. The project, if implemented, will have obvious benefits to the statistical system.

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mine for criminals who now use sophisticated hackers. Government departments and various other agencies that collect this information such as banks cannot be trusted to maintain the secrecy of all this collected information. Another case occurred wherein Aadhaar data collected by Reliance Jio was leaked online, and the data may now be widely available to hackers. The UIDAI confirms more than 200 government websites were publicly displaying confidential Aadhaar data; though removed now, the data leaked cannot be scrubbed from hackers' databases. In July 2017 privacy issues with regard to the Aadhaar card were discussed in the Supreme Court. A report from the Center for Internet and Society suggests that the records of about 135 million Indians may have been leaked. A loophole was identified that allows all records to be accessed by anyone though hackers can find other routes.

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Assistance Programme and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (managed by the Ministry of Rural Development), and the Daily Online Payment Reports under NREGA and Chandranna Bima Scheme (managed by the State Government of Andhra Pradesh). In May 2017, the Central Government of India admitted in the Supreme Court that Aadhaar data had been leaked several times in that year. Arghya Sengupta, the head of policy consulting institution, Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, argued that none of the leaks had come directly from the Aadhaar database, while the Attorney General, Mukul Rohatgi, defended the leaks and argued that, "one cannot have an absolute right over his or her body". The leak of Aadhaar data was further confirmed publicly by the Ministry of Electronics and IT.

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price, and the subsidy would be then directly credited to their Aadhaar-linked bank accounts. This scheme, however, did not take off, and in September 2013 a Supreme Court order put a halt on it. Subsequently, the GOI constituted a committee to review the "Direct Benefits Transfer for LPG Scheme" to study the shortcomings in the scheme and recommend changes. The DBTL scheme was modified later as PAHAL by the new government in November 2014. Under PAHAL, subsidies could be credited to a purchaser's bank account even if he or she did not have an Aadhaar number. Official data show that cooking gas consumption during the January–June period grew at a slower 7.82%, which is nearly four percentage points less than the 11.4% growth in the same period last year.

2004:, the chairman of India's Telecom Regulatory Authority of India and former UIDAI chairman, disclosed his Aadhaar number on Twitter and challenged anyone to misuse it, in an effort to demonstrate the security of the Aadhaar programme. Using his Aadhaar, French researchers were able to access and disclose personal information belonging to Sharma, including his personal telephone number, tax identity card, his secretary's phone number, personal address, family photographs, date of birth, frequent flyer numbers, telecom operator, model of phone, details of personal purchases and transactions, and advised him to change his personal Gmail account password as a precaution. The information was later used to make an unauthorised symbolic deposit of 1791:

questionable utility as an identity card. "There are five main components in an Aadhaar app transaction – the customer, the vendor, the app, the back-end validation software, and the Aadhaar system itself. There are also two main external concerns – the security of the data at rest on the phone and the security of the data in transit. At all seven points, the customer's data is vulnerable to attack ... The app and validation software are insecure, the Aadhaar system itself is insecure, the network infrastructure is insecure, and the laws are inadequate," claims Bhairav Acharya, Program Fellow, New America.

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automatically enrolls the bank customer into a payment system wherein money can be withdrawn from their bank account using their Aadhaar card numbers and fingerprints. Fraudsters obtain customers' fingerprints through websites where land-owning documents are public or where fingerprints can be sold to fraudsters by people who can obtain copies of victims' fingerprints through objects in their homes. Essentially, one's fingerprints work as a password that cannot be changed, unlike credit card PINs and many other similar protective services.

62: 1315: 192: 1720:, former director general of the UIDAI shared his Aadhaar number on Twitter challenging people to show “one concrete example where you can do any harm to me!” Within hours, Twitter users managed to dig out his personal details like his personal mobile number(s), Gmail and Yahoo addresses, physical address, date of birth, his frequent flyer number, and that he uses an iPhone. After this incident, UIDAI tweeted urging users not to share Aadhaar numbers publicly. 937:(US$ 1.5 billion) to the public exchequer this year, Jaitley said, "If we can realize the government's JAM—Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile—vision we can ensure that money goes directly and more quickly into the pockets of the poor and from the savings we achieve, we can put even more money for the poor. If we can be careful in our design and implementation, we can extend DBT to other commodities, so that the poor get more money to spend for their upliftment." 11382: 10861: 1852: 11392: 1968:(US$ 6.00), revealing major security flaws. Acknowledging this data breach, the Unique Identification Authority of India suspended 5000 officials from accessing the database after an investigation revealed misuse and unauthorised usage. The incident was widely reported internationally. In response to the incident, UIDAI denied the breach, and filed a criminal complaint against the newspaper and journalists who reported the security flaws. 2032:" phenomenon (where "individuals using experience, knowledge and clout gained while in public service in pursuit of profit for private companies") has been raised in the context of Aadhaar, as people who were involved in the creation, design and popularisation of Aadhaar are now working in the private sector where they can use this knowledge for their own private enterprises which profit off this knowledge. Some examples of this are 1307: 10754: 2051: 10357: 157: 53: 2011:(1.2¢ US) in his personal bank account as well, to demonstrate the possibility of blackmail and compromise. In 2020, his Aadhaar number was also used to unlawfully register him for certain government subsidies for which he was ineligible, resulting in the fraudulent receipt of government funding. Sharma has blamed this incident on the state government's failure to verify his enrolment. 4473: 2013) ("In the meanwhile, no person should suffer for not getting the Adhaar card in spite of the fact that some authority had issued a circular making it mandatory and when any person applies to get the Aadhaar Card voluntarily, it may be checked whether that person is entitled for it under the law and it should not be given to any illegal immigrant."), 1546:(US$ 1.8 billion) from the scheme. The paper said that the government was also including the savings from the efforts of oil marketing companies (OMCs) prior to the introduction of Aadhaar. The method used by the OMCs to weed out duplicates and ghost customers was 15–20 times more effective than the Aadhaar-based method. It has to be noted that the savings of 650:, was formed to study the recommendations and examine possible implementation. The GoM submitted its report in May 2001 in which it accepted the recommendation for an ID card and stated that a "multi-purpose National Identity Card" project would be started soon, with the card to be issued first in border villages and then elsewhere. In late September 2001 the 593:, and some other services such as a SIM card or opening a bank account. According to the UIDAI website, any Aadhaar holder or service provider can verify the genuineness of an Aadhaar number through a user-friendly service of UIDAI called the Aadhaar Verification Service (AVS), which is available on its website. Also, a resident already enrolled under the 496:

operation and management of all stages of the UID life cycle; framing policies and procedures for updating mechanism and defining usage and applicability of UIDs for delivery of various services, among others. The number is linked to the resident's basic demographic and biometric information such as a photograph, ten

1713:, some officials of the Intelligence Bureau (IB) had criticised the UIDAI project in September 2013, with the officials saying that the Aadhaar number cannot be considered a credible proof of residence. As under the liberal pilot phase, where a person claimed to live was accepted as the address and recorded. 1996:

In May 2018, an Indian security researcher found that Aadhaar data linked to personal information, including caste identities, religious affiliation, bank accounts, and personal addresses and mobile numbers had been left unprotected on a website of the State Government of Andhra Pradesh, resulting in

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On 20 March 2018, it was reported that Aadhaar data and linked personal information, including addresses, linked to a special scheme by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for women and girls had been left unsecured online and could be accessed by anyone, even though the scheme itself had been suspended

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as the "largest breach" of personal information in that year. In the same year, Right to Information petitions filed by media organisations indicated that 210 Indian government officials and institutions had posted parts of the Aadhaar database in publicly accessible sources, resulting in the leak of

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regarding not following due process and handing over contracts to entities with links to the FBI and having a history of leaking data across countries. How the CIA can hack and access the Aadhaar database using a secret Expresslane project is documented in a report on the GGInews website and saved in

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Wikileaks tweeted on 25 August 2017 that the same American supplier of fingerprint and Iris scanning equipment that collaborated with the CIA to identify Osama Bin Laden was also supplying equipment to India. The complex structure of ownership is detailed in an article in Fountainink.in Concerns were

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The detailed personal information being collected is of extremely high importance to an individual. However, once collected, it is not being treated with the required sensitivity for privacy concerns. Major financial transactions are linked with information collected in Aadhaar. Data leaks are a gold

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scanner. However, the QR code is not a secure representation of an Aadhaar card either and can be copied and edited. The only way to validate an Aadhaar card is to perform an online validation, which will confirm that the card number is valid, confirm the postal code and gender of the holder (but not

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February the government said that it would continue the project. On 16 July 2015 the government requested the Supreme Court to revoke its order, saying that it intended to use Aadhaar for various services. On 21 July 2015 the Court noted that some states were insisting on Aadhaar for benefits despite

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Under the original policy for liquefied petroleum gas subsidies, the customers bought gas cylinders from retailers at subsidised prices, and the government compensated companies for their losses. Under the current Direct Benefit Transfer of LPG (DBTL), introduced in 2013, customers had to buy at full

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The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) introduces Face Authentication to further strengthen Aadhaar security. It decided to enable 'Face Authentication' in fusion mode on registered devices by 1 July 2018, so that people facing difficulties in other existing mode of verification such as

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September 2013, the Supreme Court issued an interim order saying that "no person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar", adding that the government cannot deny a service to a resident who does not possess Aadhaar, as it is voluntary and not mandatory. The court also limited the scope of the programme

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In February 2017, the Unique Identification Authority of India filed a police complaint after confirming that Axis Bank, a private banking institution, Suvidhaa Infoserve (a business news reporter) and eMudhra (an agency providing e-signature services) had illegally accessed the Aadhaar database and

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In order to make Aadhaar accessible to often undocumented poorer citizens, obtaining an Aadhaar card does not require significant documentation, with multiple options available. In theory, the use of biometric facilities should reduce or eliminate duplication. So, in theory, while it may be possible

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issuing process contain 2 stages. Firstly Temporary Bhudhaar is assigned based on valid textual data of an agriculture land holding/rural property/urban property. It will be started with 99 and following numbers are generated on random basis only and there is no meaning for these 9 digits. But it is

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On 18 June 2015, in a high-level review meeting on the progress of the UID project and DBT scheme, Modi asked officials to accelerate the delivery of benefits and expand the applications of the Aadhaar (UID) platform. He also asked them to examine the possibility of offering incentives to the states

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launched an Aadhaar-linked direct benefit transfer scheme. The project aimed to eliminate leakages in the system by directly transferring the money to the bank account of the recipient. The project was to be introduced in 51 districts on 1 January 2013 and then slowly expanded to cover all of India.

738:. The book authored by Mr. P B Jijeesh was the first critique of Aadhaar Project. Speaking on the occasion Justice V R Krishna Iyer said that "the project AADHAAR should not be implemented for it amounts to an assault on privacy and basic rights of individuals and is suited only for fascist nations. 726:

as qualified registrars. This announcement introduced several private firms. It was estimated that to achieve the target of enrolling 40% of the population in two years, 31,019 personnel and 155 training centres would be needed. It was also estimated that 4,431 enrolment centres and 22,157 enrolment

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The UIDAI is mandated to assign a 12-digit unique identification (UID) number (termed "Aadhaar") to all the residents of India. The implementation of the UID scheme entails generation and assignment of UIDs to residents; defining mechanisms and processes for interlinking UIDs with partner databases;

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in 2018 reported that Aadhaar based biometric authentication had a 12% error rate and linkage of voter ID with Aadhaar in Andhra and Telangana in 2015 lead to disenfranchisement of around 30 lakh (3 million) voters leading to Supreme Court cancelling the linkage process. Yet another problem is that

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published an audit report on the functioning of the UIDAI. The report contains observations and recommendations based on a performance audit – which included assessments of both the Enrolment and Update Ecosystems as well as the Authentication Ecosystems for the period 2014–15 to 2018–19. The press

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While the service is free for citizens, some agents have been charging fees. Despite the modern processes, there are cases where enrolments are lost in the system without explanation. mAadhaar is an official mobile application developed by the UIDAI to provide an interface to Aadhaar number holders

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A five-judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court has heard various cases relating to the validity of Aadhaar on various grounds including privacy, surveillance, and exclusion from welfare benefits. As of 27 February 2018, senior counsels Shyam Divan, Kapil Sibal, and Gopal Subramanium, argued

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On 2 February 2015, the Supreme Court asked the new government to clarify its stance on the project. This was in response to a new PIL filed by Mathew Thomas, a former army officer. Thomas had claimed that the government was ignoring previous orders while pushing ahead with the project and that the

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In 2022, the Election Commission started a drive to link Aadhaar card with voter ID card. The Union Government claimed that this linking will be voluntary, but the bill passed in the parliament contradicts the claim. The rules issued by the Union Government mention that the only "sufficient cause"

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Documentary proof may be difficult to obtain, with the system requiring documents such as bank accounts, insurance policies, and driving licences that themselves increasingly require an Aadhaar card or similar documentary evidence to originate. This may lead to a significant minority underclass of

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On 26 September 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that Section 57 of the Aadhaar Act was unconstitutional, meaning that private entities cannot compel their customers to provide their Aadhaar number as a condition of service to verify their identity, specifically citing requiring it for bank accounts,

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that the project was being implemented without any cost-benefit or feasibility studies to ensure whether the project would meet its stipulated goals. He also pointed out that the government was obscuring the security aspects of Aadhaar and focusing on the social benefit schemes. He quoted a former

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In July 2010 UIDAI published a list 15 of agencies which were qualified to provide training to personnel to be involved in the enrolment process. It also published a list of 220 agencies that were qualified to take part in the enrolment process. Before this, the project had been only 20 states and

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The debate on the feasibility of sustaining a project of the size of population of India is settled as over 1.22 billion Indians are enrolled in Aadhaar as of July 2018, representing about 90% of the total estimated population. The scheme complements other initiatives taken by the government, for

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Any type of land parcel categories i.e. agriculture lands, rural properties & urban properties (like houses, house sites, vacant lands) are managed by all land related department in the states. These are Revenue, Panchayat Raj, Municipal Administration, Registration, Survey & Settlements,

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nor guarantees rights, benefits, or entitlements. Aadhaar is a random number that never starts with a 0 or 1, and is not loaded with profiling or intelligence that would make it susceptible to fraud or theft, and thus provides a measure of privacy in this regard. The unique ID also qualifies as a

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December 2010 the Government of India indicated that it would recognise a letter issued by the UIDAI containing details of name, address, and Aadhaar number as an official, valid document. Aadhaar is not intended to replace any existing identity cards, nor does it constitute proof of citizenship.

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Starting with the issuing of the first UID in September 2010, the UIDAI has been aiming to issue an Aadhaar number to all residents ensuring that it is robust enough to eliminate duplicate and fake identities, and that the number can be verified and authenticated in an easy and cost-effective way

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On 8 January 2018, India's Union Government confirmed that three websites belonging to the Government of the State Gujarat had exposed personal Aadhaar data of citizens. These websites included the website of the University of Gujarat, the Gujarat government website, and the website of Gujarat's

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On 23 September 2019, the then Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced an idea where the NPR and Aadhaar would be on 2021 census and would be used with the census data to build a new unique national document, however, UIDAI confirmed that for 2021 census, the Aadhaar use would be voluntary, also

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In November 2014 it was reported that the Ministry for External Affairs was considering making Aadhaar a mandatory requirement for passport holders. In February 2015 it was reported that people with an Aadhaar number would get their passports issued within 10 days, as it sped up the verification

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The Rangarajan Commission set up to revamp the statistical system in India in 2000 recommended under the Socio-economic statistics chapter the setting up of a centralised database of citizens in India. The Commission submitted its report to the Government in August 2001 and in its analysis noted

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On 1 March 2018, Virtual ID aka VID was introduced and was made as an option for agencies to use Virtual ID by 1 September 2018. A Virtual ID is a 16 digit number that is generated using the Aadhaar number. This Virtual ID can then be used instead of the Aadhaar number to carry out some Aadhaar

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The PAHAL scheme has covered 118.9 million of the 145.4 million active LPG consumers until March, as stated by the Petroleum Minister in the Parliament. The DBT has thereby become a "game changer" for India, claimed the Chief Economic Adviser to the Finance Ministry, Government of India, Arvind

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The Centre for Internet and Society, a non-profit research organisation from India, reported that during 2017, the Aadhaar of 130 million people was leaked as a result of information exposed on websites relating to four government social security schemes. These schemes were the National Social

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The Aadhaar database has experienced multiple data leaks and security breaches since its inception. These have ranged from the sale of unauthorised access by database administrators, the exposure of personal information on government websites, and unauthorised use and access of Aadhaar data by

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Many private and public benefits are being linked to Aadhaar numbers and made contingent on it: food aid, cooking-gas subsidies, mobile connections, NREGA wages, government examinations, banking facilities, tax filings etc. In fact, much of the massive enrolment resulted from the fear of being

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The Aadhaar card itself is not a secure document (being printed on paper) and according to the agency should not be treated as an identity card though it is often treated as such. However, with currently no practical way to validate the card (e.g. by police at airport entry locations) it is of

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In September 2023, independent analyst Moody raised concerns about the Aadhaar system, highlighting its tendency to result in service denials, especially impacting manual labourers in hot, humid climates due to questionable reliability of biometric technologies. The Government of India refuted

1279:. The project was started in July 2012 and was carried out despite the 2013 Supreme Court order. More than 63,932 ration cards in the white category and 229,757 names were removed from its database in the drive between July 2012 and September 2014. In August 2012 the government of the state of 8226:

In order to set up a Certifying Authority for the Ministry of Information Technology in India, (n)Code Solutions needed a technology partner for digital signature certificates. (n)Code Solutions worked with Entrust Datacard to set up a certificate authority infrastructure comprised of Entrust

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Aadhaar data is linked to the fingerprints of cardholders. This has been used by fraudsters to withdraw money from bank accounts. Most people have linked their bank accounts to their Aadhaar identity due to the mandatory nature of the linkage as promoted by the government. The Aadhaar program

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In March 2017, the UIDAI blacklisted a contracted agency charged with collecting biometric data, after they shared a photograph containing the personal information of Indian cricketer M.S. Dhoni. The photo was tweeted as part of efforts to promote Aadhaar enrolment in India, and showed Dhoni

1464:'s Computer and Information Systems Group published a paper titled "Unique Identity Project in India: A divine dream or a miscalculated heroism". Dass claimed that even if enrolment was voluntary, it was being made mandatory by indirect means. He pointed out that essential schemes like the 444:

January 2018. In September 2018, the top court upheld the validity of the Aadhaar system. In the September 2018 judgment, the Supreme Court nevertheless stipulated that the Aadhaar card is not mandatory for opening bank accounts, getting a mobile number, or being admitted to a school. Some

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was trying to solve the case of a rape of a schoolgirl. It approached a Goa local court saying that they had acquired some fingerprints from the scene that could be matched with the UIDAI database. The court asked the UIDAI to hand over all data of all persons in Goa to the CBI.

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in response to the cost-benefit analysis published by NIPFP. She argued that the seemingly large benefits were based 'almost entirely on unrealistic assumptions' and outdated data. The paper pointed to how the relative cost-effectiveness of Aadhaar in comparison with alternative

1422:" (CORS) a state-of the art technology in surveying of land holdings/properties.Once the Geo-coordinates captured was completed using CORS, Permanent Bhudhaar will be assigned and first two numbers i.e, 99 in the temporary Bhudhaar will be replaced with 28 (State Census Code). 1724:

Moody's claims emphasizing the absence of reported security or privacy breaches within the Aadhaar System. The centre's stance was reaffirmed in response to parliamentary enquiries, where it unequivocally stated that no breaches had been reported from the Aadhaar database.

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January 2017 the five-judge Constitution bench of the Supreme Court of India reserved its judgement on the interim relief sought by petitions to extend the deadline making Aadhaar mandatory for everything from bank accounts to mobile services. The final hearing began on

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as a fundamental right, overruling previous judgments on the issue. A five-judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court heard various cases relating to the validity of Aadhaar on various grounds including privacy, surveillance, and exclusion from welfare benefits. On

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On 11 August 2015, the Supreme Court directed the government to widely publicise in print and electronic media that Aadhaar was not mandatory for any welfare scheme. The Court also referred the petitions claiming Aadhaar was unconstitutional to a Constitutional Bench.

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excluded from these benefits. There have been instances where people have been denied food aid because of issues with authentication rising from network issues or problems with identifying fingerprints (sometimes fingerprints become faded from age or manual labour).

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On 19 July 2017, a nine judge bench of the Supreme Court began hearing the arguments on whether there is a fundamental right to privacy. On 24 August 2017 the nine judge bench unanimously upheld the right to privacy as a fundamental right under the Constitution.

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said that bill should not have been passed when the issue of the right to privacy was still in the Supreme Court. On 16 March 2016 the bill was returned to the Lok Sabha by the Rajya Sabha with some suggested amendments, which the Lok Sabha promptly rejected.

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March 2015 a pilot project was launched allowing Aadhaar-linked SIM cards to be sold in some cities. The purchaser could activate the SIM at the time of purchase by submitting his Aadhaar number and pressing his fingerprints on a machine. It is part of the

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In July 2014 Aadhaar-enabled biometric attendance systems were introduced in government offices. The system was introduced to check late arrival and absenteeism of government employees. The public could see the daily in and out of employees on the website

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Gas, an Indian-government owned corporation supplying gas cylinders for domestic cooking, had resulted in exposing Aadhaar and personal data of every person enrolled with the Aadhaar database, and not just customers of Indane. American security website

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On 24 March 2014, the Supreme Court restrained the central government and the UIDAI from sharing data with any third party or agency, whether government or private, without the consent of the Aadhaar-holder in writing. Vide another interim order dated

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a unique id for that land holding / rural property/urban property. A special series number is allocated to government lands either agriculture lands or rural/urban properties.for example 99.312.725.202). "99" indicate that it is a temporary Bhudhaar.

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to increase participation in the project, through a one-time sharing of a portion of the savings. It was reported that the government was saving up to 14–15% in the direct benefit transfers of subsidies on LPG to the beneficiaries through Aadhaar.

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In May 2013, deputy director general of the UIDAI, Ashok Dalwai, admitted that there had been some errors in the registration process. Some people had received Aadhaar cards with wrong photographs or fingerprints. According to Aloke Tikku of the

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to carry their demographic information including name, date of birth, gender, and address along with photograph as linked with their Aadhaar number in smartphones. In one case, every resident in a village in Haridwar was assigned a birthday of 1

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their name or photo). In theory, this means that is possible to create a false Aadhaar card using the number of a genuine holder from the same postal code with the same gender, with the card subject to a number of cases of counterfeiting.

1695:(IB), Ajit Doval, said that Aadhaar was originally intended to flush out illegal immigrants, but social security benefits were later added to avoid privacy concerns. In December 2011 the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance, led by 965: 741:

On 7 February 2012 the UIDAI launched an online verification system for Aadhaar numbers. Using the system, banks, telecom companies and government departments could enter an Aadhaar number and verify if the person was a resident of India.

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Authority PKI that issues digital certificates and integrates with various applications and certificate profiles for individuals and corporations with various validity periods of one, two or three years based on individual customer needs.

8027: 1012: 353: 1468:, was being linked to the UIDAI. He also stated that the feasibility of a project of this size had not been studied and raised concerns about the quality of the biometric data being collected. He cited statements of another researcher, 468:, old age pensions and public health insurances. In 2017, reports suggested that HIV patients were being forced to discontinue treatment for fear of identity breach as access to the treatment has become contingent on producing Aadhaar. 6907: 1173:

March 2016 is again active and open to public access. The employees use the last four digits (last eight digits for government employee registering as of August 2016) of their Aadhaar number and their fingerprints, for authentication.

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undocumented citizens who will find it harder to obtain necessary services. Introducers and Heads of family may also assist in documentation; however, for many agencies and legitimate applications, this facility may not be practical.

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In August 2017, a software engineer was arrested after he created an app that exploited vulnerabilities in the official Aadhaar app in order to allow him to re-route requests for data, after unlawfully accessing the networks of the

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January 2000. Among its various recommendations was the proposal that citizens in villages in border regions be issued identity cards on a priority basis, with such ID cards issued later to all people living in border states.

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an archive lest it be removed. Further communications have also identified the clauses under which data may have freely flowed to foreign agencies due to the nature and wordings in the Aadhaar contracts and archived here.

1754:(NPR) projects have been reported to be having conflicts. In January 2012 it was reported that the UIDAI would share its data with NPR and the NPR would continue to collect its own data. In January 2013 then-Home Minister 11271: 9370: 8310: 8117: 1409:

Permanent Bhudhaar is assigned once the spatial data is also captured and linked to textual data, the spatial data contains measurement of the land and its resultant sketch(FMB), location of the land on ground along with

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launched an Aadhaar-based remittance system. Using the system, funds could be transferred to any Aadhaar-linked bank accounts if the Aadhaar number was known. It was announced that an SMS could be used for amounts up to

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described Aadhaar as "the most sophisticated ID programme in the world". Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any rights to domicile in India. In June 2017, the

11316: 9967: 9711: 1218:(EPFO) began linking provident fund accounts with Aadhaar numbers. In November 2014 the EPFO became a UIDAI registrar and began issuing Aadhaar number to provident fund subscribers. In December 2014 Labour Minister 3527: 2641: 1758:

said that Aadhaar was not an identity card but a number, while the NPR was necessary for national security purposes. The 2013 Supreme Court order did not affect the NPR project as it was not linked to any subsidy.

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The Aadhaar card is usually printed on glossy paper, and the government has stated black and white copies are valid. Some agencies charge extra to laminate the document. Other agencies have been reported charging

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to convince them of the project's merits. On 5 July 2014, Modi announced that his government would retain the project, and asked an official to look into the possibility of linking the project with passports. The

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technologies – the basic premise of any cost-benefit analysis – was entirely ignored. Further, concerns regarding a possible conflict of interest were also raised. In March 2016 the

772:. They contended that the government was implementing the project without any legislative backing. They pointed out that the National Identification Authority of India Bill 2010, which had been introduced in the 10541: 9528: 4832: 1988:

reported that they spent a month attempting to contact the National Informatics Centre, the UIDAI, and Indian consulate officials in the United States, but did not receive a response, before they ran the story.

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On 24 January 2018, a French security researcher posted on Twitter that the m-Aadhaar mobile application contained serious security vulnerabilities which could be used to compromise the personal data of users.

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with UIDAI. The Ministry had hoped the ID system would help eliminate loss of the subsidised kerosene and LPG. In May 2012 the government announced that it would begin issuing Aadhaar-linked MGNREGS cards. On

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Forest, Endowments, Wakf. Under the Land Hub core platform these departments integrating their land related services and issuing a new Bhudhaar number to each land holding or property upon ownership change.

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In the year 2020, UIDAI introduced a new physical Aadhaar card which is made using a chemical named Poly(vinyl chloride) or PVC with additional security features such as holograms, micro text, ghost images,

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The issue of constructing the UIDAI HQs and UIDAI Regional Office building in Delhi was resolved with Department of Telecom (DoT), following which the Ministry of Urban Development issued a notification on

11352: 9581: 6178: 2156: 1327:, invisible logos etc. The PVC Aadhaar Card can be ordered by any Aadhaar holder from UIDAI's official website and it will be delivered to the Aadhaar holder's registered address in the UIDAI database via 10029: 9642: 5265: 5108: 2909: 2416: 11311: 9741: 8514: 4378: 3159: 2544: 8147: 6072: 1912:(1 million) people as a result of a programming mistake on the website of the Jharkhand Directorate of Social Security, making this information available to any person who was logged on to the website. 1119:

Subramanian, for in case of LPG subsidy, DBT had resulted in a 24% reduction in the sale of subsidised LPG, as "ghost beneficiaries" had been excluded. The savings to the government were to the tune of

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for a person to not link their Aadhaar Card with the Voter ID Card is if the person does not have one. The election officials cited 'orders from above' to pressure voters into linking these documents.

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Since the Unique Identification Authority office first opened in Delhi, people have been allowed to designate their gender as "transgender" on their Aadhaar card, according to an August 2013 report.

9400: 7683: 6451: 5457: 11458: 11266: 11186: 7661: 6338: 4862: 4652: 4520: 2853: 2671: 1091:(DBT) schemes, the subsidy money is directly transferred to a bank account which is Aadhaar-linked. Previously, however, the direct-benefit transfer had been carried out quite successfully via the 9048: 8691: 8240: 7975: 4192: 2879: 2581: 11151: 11046: 10735: 8992: 8087: 9310: 8023: 6242: 5890: 5855: 5815: 5323: 3292: 1908:

further, had impersonated people after illegally storing their personal data. In April 2017, the government of the state of Jharkhand exposed Aadhaar details and personal information of over 10

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Prime Minister Modi has asked for integration of all land records with Aadhaar at the earliest, emphasising at his monthly PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) meeting on 23

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The government's own data, however, suggest that the cost of implementing the DBT for LPG was over a million dollars, a figure quite at odds with the savings figures that the government cites.

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such a linkage would assign Aadhaar's demographic information to electoral database leading to misuse for profiling of voters, and India's lack of data protection laws makes it even worse.

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has pushed citizens to link their Aadhaar numbers with a host of services, including mobile SIM cards, bank accounts, registration of deaths, land registration, vehicle registration, the

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On 5 January 2018, media correspondents from The Tribune reported that they were, by posing as buyers, able to gain administrator access to the entire Aadhaar database for a payment of

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On 10 June 2014, the new government disbanded four cabinet committees to streamline the decision-making process; among them was the cabinet committee on Aadhaar. Also in June 2014, the

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with different details. This was attributed to the lack of computerisation between the passport centres. In December 2003 the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill 2003 was introduced in the

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The linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID card has several concerns. First, Aadhaar is not a proof of citizenship and such a linkage will not filter non-citizens. Another problem is the

1244: 8653: 7498: 7033: 6018: 5489: 5358: 4498: 4064: 792:, rejected the National Identification Authority of India Bill 2010 and suggested modifications. It termed the project "unethical and violative of Parliament's prerogatives". On 23 11918: 9422: 7997: 6794: 5976: 5633: 9362: 8302: 8109: 7376: 7306: 6114: 4622: 2186: 8769: 8601: 5783: 3314: 2790: 1762:

In July 2014 a meeting was held to discuss the possibility of merging the two projects, Aadhaar and NPR, or making them complementary. The meeting was attended by Home Minister

1618:(CFSL) to study the technological capability of the database to see if it could solve such a crime. The UIDAI then appealed in the Supreme Court. It argued that the chance of a 5729: 4017: 9482: 7331: 6929: 6527: 6489: 5046: 4249: 3128: 1539:(US$ 14 million). These sums were much lower than the number stated by Finance Minister Jaitley in the Lok Sabha. He had said in March 2016 that the government had saved 9959: 10720: 9703: 8057: 6707: 1634:

September 2013. It observed that some government agencies were still treating Aadhaar as mandatory and asked all agencies to issue notifications clarifying that it was not.

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March 2015, the Supreme Court of India has directed that the Union of India and States and all their functionaries should adhere to the order passed by this court on 23

10758: 8483: 4944: 6961: 5130: 1240:(DeitY) called a meeting of various matrimonial sites and other stakeholders discuss the use of Aadhaar to prevent fake profiles and protect women from exploitation. 10470: 10249: 9014: 4682: 9990: 9619: 5524: 1638:

school admissions, and mobile phone service as examples of unlawful use cases. However, it did uphold its requirement for income tax filing and welfare programmes.

7003: 2611: 9096: 8886: 8199: 6168: 3003: 2971: 2152: 10021: 6729: 5257: 5098: 2901: 2749: 2412: 9733: 8506: 7849: 7147: 4368: 3151: 2540: 1699:, rejected the National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010, and suggested modifications. It expressed objections to the issuing of Aadhaar numbers to 11744: 11726: 10197: 8139: 7529: 6603: 6082: 461: 7913: 7408: 6391: 11985: 11428: 7749:"#PressStatement People are advised to refrain from publicly putting their Aadhaar numbers on internet and social media and posing challenges to others. 1/n" 6556: 5162: 960:

presentation on 29 February 2016, Jaitley announced that a bill would be introduced within a week to provide legislative support to the Aadhaar project. On 3

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Electronic-Know Your Customer (e-KYC) using Aadhaar card is also being introduced to activate mobile connections instantly to check Aadhaar Card Status.

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In 2018, the Aadhaar database suffered several breaches, resulting in 1.1 billion people's data being leaked and compromised. This was described by the

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to assign an 11-digit unique number for every land parcel in the state as part of the "land hub in E-Pragati Programme". Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister

1251:

was started. It aims to link the Elector's Photo Identity Card (EPIC) with the Aadhaar number of the registered voter. It aims to create an error-free

1215: 590: 485: 349: 85: 8395: 7778: 5380: 1787:

to obtain the card under a false name, it is less likely that a person would be able to obtain another Aadhaar card under a different (or real) name.

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On 10 September 2014, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs gave approval to Phase V of the UIDAI project, starting the enrolment process in

449:

groups such as the Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties and the Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF) have also opposed the project over privacy concerns.

12107: 11546: 7055: 9242: 5655: 5287: 4400: 3805: 3772: 10115: 8272: 6826: 4884: 3252: 3088: 2390: 1361: 7871: 6040: 4764: 3859: 12142: 10122: 9794: 8713: 7430: 7117: 6833: 3891: 3482: 3393: 2476: 1484: 667: 9901: 8456: 8363: 7551: 6296: 5751: 5591: 4794: 4306: 7619: 7087: 5226: 4734: 3447: 10750: 9272: 9212: 9182: 8826: 7237: 7177: 4704: 4271: 3549: 1879:, and other resident foreigners may also find it difficult to avail themselves of services they could previously freely obtain, such as local 12172: 12029: 11964: 11521: 10918: 10463: 8544: 7267: 7207: 6200: 5068: 3923: 1099: 849:

officer Vijay Madan, who was given an extension of his term as the director-general and mission director by the government. Nilekani lost to

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plan. The Digital India project aims to provide all government services to citizens electronically and is expected to be completed by 2018.

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database. In May 2015, it was announced that the Ministry of External Affairs was testing the linking of passports to the Aadhaar database.

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2) Spatial data (the data depicting the sketch of the land, its measurements (in links/metres/feet), adjacent fields, location on ground).

811:, said that it would attempt to pass the National Identification Authority of India Bill 2010 in the winter session of the Parliament. On 9 10052: 4562: 4118: 2216: 12063: 7490: 7025: 6008: 5479: 5348: 4487: 4053: 5623: 12046: 12034: 11611: 11448: 11437: 11216: 10546: 7366: 7298: 6104: 4614: 2178: 1491:. The paper claimed that by 2015–2016 the benefits of the project would surpass the costs, and by 2020–2021 the total benefit would be 940:

In March 2015 the Aadhaar-linked DigiLocker service was launched, using which Aadhaar-holders can scan and save their documents on the

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The digital document itself is self-signed by a non-internationally recognised certificate authority (n)Code Solutions, a division of

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proposed that a mandatory national identity card be issued. This announcement followed reports that some people had obtained multiple

11421: 5719: 4028: 3675: 3184: 2508: 1368: 829:(US$ 60) and for amounts over that a mobile bank app could be used. By this time around 440 million Aadhaar numbers had been issued. 804: 457: 6511: 6473: 5036: 4241: 3112: 1916:

enrolling, including a visual of his enrolment form being fed into a computer. The image was retweeted by several people, including

12223: 12085: 11997: 11801: 10900: 10536: 10531: 10456: 8747: 3063: 2815: 2086: 2069: 1419: 215: 10323: 9582:"Twitter user highlights security flaws in UIDAI's mAadhaar app for Android devices, user data could be compromised-Business News" 8575: 8049: 7594: 6697: 1563: 678:(a) that said: "The Central Government may compulsorily register every citizen of India and issue national identity card to him." 12051: 11686: 11681: 11296: 11231: 10845: 10674: 10578: 10338: 10298: 7935: 6635: 4346: 3698:"The Kargil Review Committee Report: 'The fallacy of showing the LOC as running northeast to the Karakoram Pass must be exposed'" 3358: 3025: 800:

saying that the government could not deny a service to anyone who did not possess Aadhaar, as the identity number was voluntary.

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March 2016, the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016, was passed in the

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Bhuseva Authority, an inter-departmental committee was formulated to implement and its progress monitored in real time basis by

12218: 12162: 11656: 11571: 11526: 11156: 10085: 9937: 5944: 4086: 3666:"A committee and some questions: A first-person account with regard to the Kargil Review Committee Report and its implications" 3613: 3557: 2727: 2130: 1610:

saying that accepting such a request would set precedent for more such requests. The High Court rejected the argument and on 26

816: 776:, was still pending. They further said that since the UIDAI was proceeding only on the basis of an executive order issued on 28 5687: 4584: 4435: 3707: 2245: 1225:

In August 2014 Prime Minister Modi directed the Planning Commission of India to enrol all prisoners in India under the UIDAI.

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The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is a statutory authority and a government department, established on 12

12238: 11651: 11646: 11414: 11362: 11241: 11236: 11116: 11023: 10613: 2701: 706:, to head the project. He was given the newly created position of Chairman of the UIDAI, which was equivalent in rank to a 651: 10257: 8177: 4674: 1283:

asked citizens to surrender illegal ration cards before it began to link them with Aadhaar numbers. By September 2014, 15

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was launched by Nilekani. In May 2010 Nilekani said he would support legislation to protect the data held by the UIDAI.

12152: 11676: 11621: 11453: 10942: 10684: 10331: 9100: 8210: 2993: 2961: 1819: 1774:. Later in the same month, Rao Inderjit Singh told the Lok Sabha that no plan to merge the two projects has been made. 1092: 1024: 6740: 3643: 2756: 1505:(US$ 580 million). The benefits would come from plugging leakages in various subsidy and social benefit schemes. 12157: 11784: 11691: 11661: 11616: 11596: 11326: 11131: 10689: 10628: 7155: 6671: 5412: 2306: 1436: 578: 10526: 10201: 7521: 6765: 6610: 12147: 12112: 11764: 11636: 11606: 11586: 11367: 11111: 11086: 7903: 7839: 7398: 6667: 3988: 2939: 1465: 1153: 894:(US$ 190 million). Also in July, it was reported that UIDAI would hire an advertising agency, and spend about 372: 10294: 8421: 6549: 3981: 1622:

was 0.057% and with 600 million people in its database it would result in hundreds of thousands of false results.

12177: 11877: 11556: 11511: 11121: 10603: 9871: 8422:"India: Aadhaar Unmasked – The UID Number and Threat of exclusion, and of surveillance – South Asia Citizens Web" 8333: 4914: 3959: 1746:

reviewing the implementation of the National Population Register (NPR), at a meeting in New Delhi on 18 June 2014

1703:. The Committee said that the project was being implemented in an unplanned manner and bypassing the Parliament. 1599: 988:, as they did not have the majority in the upper house. A money bill is only required to pass in the lower house 927:(US$ 140 million) to the project in order to reach the target of one billion enrolments by the end of 2015. 3827: 2932:"Aadhar is constitutional but don't make it mandatory: Indian SC to govt | Setopati – Nepal's Digital Newspaper" 1126:(US$ 2.08 billion) in 2014–2015. The success of the modified scheme helped fuel marketing companies save almost 12167: 11944: 11641: 10643: 10583: 10479: 3736: 17: 10506: 6863: 1958:

personal data, resulting in post-facto removals of this data by the Unique Identification Authority of India.

11721: 11666: 10699: 10390: 5258:"Neurotechnology to provide biometric de-duplication software for India's Aadhaar program | Biometric Update" 1876: 1184: 930:

On 5 July 2015, finding the experience with DBT scheme in LPG "very encouraging", with a reported savings of

846: 105: 883:(US$ 240 million) to the project for the fiscal year 2014–2015. It was a substantial increase from the 12233: 11796: 11541: 10668: 10658: 10648: 10623: 10608: 10496: 10275: 6421: 1751: 1733: 1415: 1378: 1248: 838: 594: 1152:

March 2016 that this was extremely important to enable monitoring of the successful implementation of the

525: 10773: 10385: 10361: 9220: 9190: 5665: 3797: 3768: 2153:"Neelkanth Mishra appointed part-time chairperson of UIDAI, Neelesh Shah and Prof Mausam join as members" 1928:. He was able to exploit the Aadhaar app before detection for six months, between January and July 2017. 1925: 1692: 1647: 1447: 1103: 785: 703: 687: 512: 10126: 6837: 6581: 3259: 2386: 12258: 12073: 11754: 11626: 7881: 1880: 1139: 957: 884: 873: 765: 574: 465: 364: 9704:"New data leak allows targeting by religion, caste and locality and provides Aadhaar and bank details" 7125: 3383: 1391:

1) Textual data (like village name, name of land owner, survey number, extent, ID proof like Aadhaar,

1056:, the finance minister of India, has proposed the use of Aadhaar card for the cash transactions above 12078: 11893: 11701: 10951: 10704: 9363:"UIDAI reveals 210 govt websites made Aadhaar details public, did not specify when breach took place" 8452: 6306: 5913:"Digital India – A programme to transform India into digital empowered society and knowledge economy" 2029: 1357: 1049: 1045: 944:, and can share them with the government officials whenever required without any need to carry them. 9826:"Former UIDAI chief RS Sharma suffers Aadhaar fraud, Rs 6000 PM Kisan fund deposited in his account" 7629: 7095: 3185:"Notification No.-A-43011/02/2009-Admn.I, 28 January 2009, Planning Commission, Government of India" 734:

released a book "Aadhaar; How a Nation is Deceived", in Kochi by handing over the first copy to Dr.

11954: 11857: 11468: 11038: 11016: 10797: 10421: 10395: 10353: 9991:"Centre claims linking of Aadhaar to voter ID is voluntary – but bill in Parliament contradicts it" 7245: 5917: 4091: 4024: 3832: 3562: 2271: 1651: 977: 972:

by Jaitley. The decision to introduce it as a money bill was criticised by the opposition parties.

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Srinivas, T.; Aditya, Sai; Ramasubbareddy, Somula; Govinda, K. "Privacy and security in Aadhaar".

9734:"Government website leaked 1.3 lakh Aadhaar numbers, linked them with caste, religion: Researcher" 8536: 7275: 7215: 3933: 12253: 11779: 11769: 11711: 11601: 11591: 11531: 10886:

National Informatics Centre Services Incorporated (NICSI) — PSE under National Informatics Centre

10563: 10521: 10022:"Aadhaar-voter ID linking is voluntary, says government – but law leaves little room to avoid it" 2509:

The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016

1088: 1074: 746: 627: 615: 566: 233: 9332: 9070: 2356: 1138:(US$ 1.31 billion) from November 2014 to June 2015, said oil company officials. The DBT for the 328:) is a twelve-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of 11791: 11506: 11473: 10875: 10709: 8654:"Reliance Jio Says It's Not Hacked, Aadhaar Data Not Leaked, But Online Users Insist Otherwise" 8624:"Jio Customer Database of over 120 million users leaked, could be biggest data breach in India" 7876: 6301: 6141: 5820: 4552: 4525: 4470: 3152:"Why Aadhaar is prompting HIV positive people to drop out of treatment programmes across India" 2208: 1677:

May 2015 clearing the titles of the land in favour of the UIDAI, including projected land use.

1292: 769: 533: 418: 8770:"Aadhaar Numbers And Personal Details of 135 Million Indians May Have Leaked, Says CIS Report" 3195: 2073:

release lists the Summary of Performance, Significant Audit Findings and the recommendations.

1044:(OTP) could easily authenticate. The biometric technology was provided by consortium partners 966:

Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Bill, 2016

12248: 11923: 11821: 11496: 10820: 10448: 10177: 5660: 3388: 1199: 1013:

Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016

707: 540: 354:

Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016

2634:"SC rules Aadhaar card not mandatory, says government cannot share any personal information" 1586:

In a majority opinion dated 26 September 2018, the Supreme Court upheld the use of Aadhaar.

1525:

released a report that the benefit from Aadhaar-linked LPG subsidy scheme for 2014–2015 was

1324: 12056: 11990: 11826: 11749: 10516: 10437: 9521:"UIDAI files FIR against The Tribune, reporter Rachna Khaira for Aadhaar data breach story" 9483:"Analysis | A security breach in India has left a billion people at risk of identity theft" 7752: 5912: 3670: 1950: 1353: 1080: 781: 757: 631: 10860: 9423:"UIDAI blocks 5,000 officials from Aadhaar portal following reports of unauthorised usage" 8024:"UIDAI nod to 'voluntary' use of Aadhaar for National Population Register rollout: Centre" 5163:"Aadhaar bill passed in Lok Sabha after rejection of amendments introduced in Rajya Sabha" 3665: 2515: 1979:

In March 2018, an Indian security researcher noted that a vulnerability in the website of

8: 12243: 11959: 11501: 11336: 11009: 10588: 10400: 4341: 1954: 1917: 1872: 1767: 1291:

began enrolling all school students in the state in the Aadhaar project to implement the

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asked all telecom operators to collect Aadhaar from all new applicants of SIM cards. On 4

723: 508: 481: 360: 345: 35: 31: 9015:"An IIT graduate has been arrested for illegally accessing the Aadhaar database: Report" 8739: 8241:"Stolen fingerprints, empty bank accounts: How customers are paying for gaps in Aadhaar" 3067: 2823: 12039: 12002: 11867: 11576: 11463: 9160: 9130: 8567: 8368: 7656: 7581: 7371: 7336: 6966: 6799: 6702: 6045: 6013: 5981: 5788: 5756: 5724: 5565: 5353: 5199: 4557: 4405: 4373: 4276: 3896: 3864: 3522: 3487: 3420: 3319: 3225: 1771: 1755: 1222:

clarified that an Aadhaar number was not necessary for any provident fund transaction.

1219: 1053: 993: 731: 453: 9960:"EC to start campaign to link voter ID with Aadhaar from August 1. Check details here" 8887:"Jharkhand government website leaks personal details of 1 million Aadhaar subscribers" 6642: 5195:"Face recognition feature set to ensure stronger Aadhaar security; here's more detail" 4615:"Two dozen officers indispensable for government due to functional requirements: DoPT" 4336: 3347: 1669:(US$ 110 million) value but had been allotted to the UIDAI at a very cheap rate. 860:

held a meeting with the secretaries of the states to receive feedback on the project.

11391: 10593: 10150: 9490: 8984: 8799: 7814: 6902: 6898:"Aadhaar-linked LPG: Govt says Rs 15,000 cr saved, survey says only Rs 14 cr in FY15" 6519: 6481: 6362:"Electronic KYC to enable instant activation of mobile phone connections with Aadhar" 6109: 4735:"Nandan Nilekani impresses Narendra Modi & Arun Jaitley, gets Aadhaar a lifeline" 4369:"Supreme Court seeks government's response on PIL challenging Aadhaar implementation" 4187: 3550:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) By Customers: Aadhaar Payment Bridge (APB) System" 3120: 3033: 2723: 2312: 2302: 1778:

saying that "Collection of biometrics is not been provided under Citizenship Rules".

1700: 1607: 1183:

process by making it easier to check if an applicant had any criminal records in the

1041: 1001: 623: 376: 228: 205: 9933: 8917:"MS Dhoni's Aadhaar details leaked on Twitter, wife Sakshi complains to IT minister" 4096: 3617: 2126: 1287:(1.5 million) illegal ration cards had been surrendered. In April 2015 the state of 845:

nomination from Bangalore South. His responsibilities were taken over by 1981-batch

12090: 12017: 11969: 11706: 10968: 10405: 9273:"In Supreme Court, Centre admits Aadhaar data leak, critics cite 'civil liberties'" 7720: 7589: 6041:"Government asks matrimonial websites to authenticate profiles using Aadhaar cards" 3697: 2294: 2241: 2001: 1717: 1392: 1005: 973: 761: 517: 489: 431: 61: 12202:

Currently serving as the chairman of Technical Advisory Group for Unique Projects(

11001: 2044:'s APIs has had many employees who were involved with UIDAI in various capacities. 1472:, that the UIDAI would ultimately have to become profit-making to sustain itself. 1228:

In December 2014 it was proposed by the Minister for Women and Child Development,

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and reaffirmed the voluntary nature of the identity number in other rulings. On 24

12195: 12022: 11949: 11862: 11847: 11831: 11736: 10491: 10380: 10221: 10216: 8396:"1.05 Billion Aadhaar Cards Issued, Challenge To Enrol Remaining 20 Crore: UIDAI" 7748: 7715: 7688: 6998: 6077: 5135: 4214: 3348:"India's Aadhaar Project: The Unprecedented and Unique Partnership for Inclusion" 3095: 2693: 2033: 1822:

Company Ltd (GNFC) and needs to be manually installed on the PC. This is despite

1709: 1469: 1411: 1020: 997: 695: 655: 619: 9552:"Three Gujarat websites including government portal made Aadhaar details public" 4474: 1799:

50 to 200 to produce a PVC version of the card, and it is marketed by them as a

430:

August 2017 the Indian Supreme Court delivered a landmark verdict affirming the

10880: 10638: 10502: 10238:"Unique Identification for Indians: A Divine Dream or a Miscalculated Heroism?" 8857:"Details of over a million Aadhaar numbers published on Jharkhand govt website" 8169: 6730:"Unique Identification for Indians: A Divine Dream or a Miscalculated Heroism?" 5784:"Soon, passport authorities to verify applicant identity with Aadhaar database" 4825:"UIDAI set for an image makeover, to spend ₹300 million for its media campaign" 1696: 1619: 1373: 1345: 1280: 1033: 789: 780:

January 2009, it could not collect biometric data of citizens as it would be a

749: 735: 586: 11406: 10237: 9934:"Performance Audit on Functioning of Unique Identification Authority of India" 7716:"By Revealing His Aadhaar Number, the TRAI Chairman Has Opened a Can of Worms" 7178:"Setback to Center, Supreme Court rules right to privacy as fundamental right" 1654:

and cancelled a land allotment to the UIDAI. The land was previously owned by

1314: 406:

was introduced in the Parliament to give legislative backing to Aadhaar. On 11

12212: 12137: 11913: 11903: 11898: 11872: 11385: 10987: 10193: 9764:"Aadhaar safety: Trai chief throws challenge, French expert 'leaks' his data" 9494: 8988: 8947:"MS Dhoni's Aadhaar details made public, Ravi Shankar Prasad promises action" 7998:"Aadhaar, passport, driving licence to become one card? Amit Shah moots idea" 7818: 7403: 6736: 6523: 6485: 5692: 3771:. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation | Government of India. 3124: 3037: 2446: 1763: 1743: 1509: 1477: 1461: 1229: 1208: 1134: 969: 941: 905: 864: 808: 797: 582: 446: 403: 8684:"Over 200 govt websites made Aadhaar details public: UIDAI – Times of India" 2783:"Aadhar Case: SC to Set up Constitution Bench to Hear Pleas Against Aadhaar" 2316: 2268:"Home – Unique Identification Authority of India | Government of India" 2040:, a non-profit organisation which is dedicated to developing and supporting 10939:

Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER)

10663: 9643:"Aadhaar security flaw can give access to data without OTP: Ethical hacker" 7968:"No proposal to integrate Aadhar with National Population Register: Centre" 7805:"Government rebuffs Moody's Aadhaar views; says a billion Indians trust it" 7779:"Aadhaar biometrics not reliable in India's climate: What Moody's has said" 3639: 2099: 2056: 1980: 1920:, the then-Information and Broadcasting Minister of the Indian Government. 1356:

launched the programme on 20 November 2018 to streamline the land records.

1129: 913: 868: 850: 823: 788:. In December 2011 the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance, led by 647: 293: 284: 243: 191: 138: 10247: 5848:"Dot Tells Operators to Collect Aadhaar Numbers for Issuing New SIM Cards" 5419: 2413:"Aadhaar not valid for Indians travelling to Nepal, Bhutan: Home Ministry" 12068: 12007: 11908: 11566: 11395: 9902:"Audit Report on Functioning of Unique Identification Authority of India" 6934: 6769: 5881:"Aadhaar-based SIM sale begins today amid Intelligence Bureau objections" 5314:"Link your LPG connection to Aadhaar or bank a/c to keep getting subsidy" 5227:"Aadhaar Authentication Via Face Recognition From July. How It Will Work" 5103: 4307:"PM launches Aadhar-based direct cash transfers in 51 districts of India" 2357:"'Adhaar' most sophisticated ID programme in the world : World Bank" 2041: 1454: 1288: 1037: 985: 917: 773: 561: 497: 460:, and a large number of welfare schemes including but not limited to the 10250:"Ghost savings: Understanding the fiscal impacts of India's LPG subsidy" 9213:"Foreign Firms Given Access To Your Unencrypted Aadhaar Data | GGI News" 9183:"Foreign Firms Given Access To Your Unencrypted Aadhaar Data | GGI News" 6675: 4675:"Narendra Modi scraps 4 Cabinet Committees, including the one on Aadhar" 3828:"Group of Ministers' Report on "Reforming the National Security System"" 2931: 11852: 11561: 11536: 10807: 10787: 10678: 10618: 10558: 10553: 8429: 3992: 3384:"Government of India Notification (No. 14/2010 / F. No. 6/2/2007 – ES)" 1807: 1800: 1450: 1328: 1275:

state, Aadhaar numbers were linked to ration cards to remove duplicate

1232:, that Aadhaar should be made mandatory for men to create a profile on 611: 395: 367: 337: 10185: 10164: 9453:"Personal data of a billion Indians sold online for £6, report claims" 8977:"IIT graduate illegally accesses Aadhaar data to create app, arrested" 5448:"DBTL helps govt save Rs 100 billion as illegal LPG consumption falls" 5288:"Aadhaar Can Be Used For Cash Transactions Above Rs. 50,000: Official" 4945:"Use DigiLocker to store your digital documents by linking to Aadhaar" 3955: 1851: 11774: 10057: 8825:

Vishwanath, Apurva; Roy, Suranjana; Gupta, Komal (24 February 2017).

8245: 7940: 7908: 7844: 7809: 7552:"UIDAI land allotment scam: DDA accepts IAC prayer to scrap the deal" 7060: 6333: 6269: 6237: 6205: 6173: 5949: 5885: 5628: 5596: 5561:"PM Narendra Modi wants integration of all land records with Aadhaar" 5519: 5484: 5452: 5385: 5318: 5167: 5069:"Opposition Alleges Aadhaar Data Could Be Used For Mass Surveillance" 5041: 4855:"UID phase-V: Aadhaar enrolments in four states get Cabinet approval" 4155: 4123: 3928: 3741: 3452: 2576: 2481: 1441: 1272: 1268: 989: 659: 544: 501: 411: 390:

Prior to the enactment of the Act, the UIDAI had functioned, since 28

333: 238: 11817:

Remunerative Approach for Agriculture and Allied sector Rejuvenation

10836:

Standardisation Testing and Quality Certification Directorate (STQC)

10248:

Kieran Clarke; Shruti Sharma; Damon Vis-Dunbar (30 September 2015).

9673:"Aadhaar data leak of Andhra Pradesh women raises security concerns" 9393:"Rs 500, 10 minutes, and you have access to billion Aadhaar details" 9153:"How CIA Spies Access India's Biometric Aadhaar Database | GGI News" 9123:"How CIA Spies Access India's Biometric Aadhaar Database | GGI News" 8140:"Jobless engineer made over 100 fake Aadhaar cards – Times of India" 8080:"The Dangers of Aadhaar-Based Payments That No One Is Talking About" 394:

January 2009, as an attached office of the Planning Commission (now

10792: 7026:"Why Are States Still Insisting on Aadhar Card, Asks Supreme Court" 6994:"Centre wants SC to lift stay order on linking Aadhaar to benefits" 6795:"NIPFP study: 52.85 per cent returns expected from Aadhaar project" 6137:"Voters' List Duplication to be Thing of Past with Aadhaar Linking" 4975:"Modi for expanding ambit of direct benefits, Aadhaar applications" 3089:

Indian court upholds legality of world's largest biometric database

1402: 1349: 1340: 1306: 1195: 1169:. In October 2014 the website was closed to the public but as of 24 570: 452:

Despite the validity of Aadhaar being challenged in the court, the

6768:(custom data acquired via website). United Nations. Archived from 2331:"Aadhaar is voluntary—but millions of Indians are already trapped" 1348:

started Aadhaar based innovative first of its kind project called

1015:, was passed in the Lok Sabha. During the Rajya Sabha debate on 16 837:

In March 2014 Nilekani resigned as the chairman to contest in the

543:

on 7 January 2013. Aadhaar data is kept in about 7,000 servers in

8568:"Indian state government leaks thousands of Aadhaar numbers data" 8537:"Four reasons you should worry about Aadhaar's use of Biometrics" 7971: 7764: 7624: 7431:"Sec 57 of Aadhaar Act Struck Down. Here's What It Means For You" 5099:"Jaitley, Yechury spar in Rajya Sabha on Aadhaar as a Money Bill" 4439: 3588:"India launches Aadhaar verification services, enrolment centers" 2876:"India's top court upholds constitution validity of Aadhaar card" 2637: 1823: 1811: 1687: 1512:, a development economist at IIT Delhi, published a paper in the 1245:

National Electoral Roll Purification and Authentication Programme

699: 548: 537: 529: 10948:

Electronics and Computer Software Export Promotion Council (ESC)

9045:"WikiLeaks suggests CIA may have access to India's Aadhaar data" 8598:"Aadhaar data of 130 millions leaked from govt websites: Report" 7461:"Supreme Court verdict: How India's Aadhaar ID became mandatory" 6073:"Govt to check fraud by linking Aadhaar to matrimonial accounts" 4087:"Creation of position of the Chairperson UID Authority of India" 2846:"Government To Extend All Aadhaar Linking Deadlines To March 31" 2102:, Previously Sanjay worked with the Government of India's UIDAI. 1589: 1480:, to benefit people by giving easier access to public services. 1414:. To capture the measurement of land holding or a sub-division, 980:

leader, wrote in a letter to Jaitley that the ruling party, the

9854: 8303:"Village in Haridwar shares the same birthday on Aadhaar cards" 8050:"'Aadhaar' is a number, not an ID card: Montek Singh Ahluwalia" 5977:"Aadhaar details not mandatory for PF transactions: Government" 5131:"Rajya Sabha returns Aadhaar bill to Lok Sabha with amendments" 5009: 4765:"Aadhaar, DBT get a lifeline, Modi to retain, push UPA schemes" 4492: 4058: 3702: 2998: 2966: 2037: 1159: 384: 52: 10478: 8364:"Aadhaar to be mandatory for driving licence – Times of India" 7684:"IB slams Uidai, says Aadhaar not credible as residence proof" 6930:"Supreme Court seeks Modi government's view on Aadhaar scheme" 3518:"Nilekani takes charge, says first set of IDs in 12-18 months" 2810: 2808: 1111:

November 2012 a pilot programme was launched in 51 districts.

805:

Union Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs and Planning

565:

valid ID while availing various government services such as a

511:

in January 2009, as an attached office under the aegis of the

12203: 10753: 10633: 10198:"God, please save India from our upper class Aadhaarophobics" 8800:"Aadhaar: 'Leak' in world's biggest database worries Indians" 8110:"UIDAI warns against agencies printing plastic Aadhaar cards" 6573: 6418:"How To Get A PVC Aadhaar Card Online Using This New Service" 3483:"EPFO revives Aadhaar for rolling out unique account numbers" 2063: 1985: 1727: 1256: 1252: 1084: 909: 803:

In late September 2013, following the Supreme Court verdict,

380: 329: 309: 161: 143: 89: 75: 10934:

National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology

10316: 10225:, vol. 97, no. 5 (September / October 2018), pp. 19–26. 9612:"A new data leak hits Aadhaar, India's national ID database" 6962:"Will continue with Aadhaar scheme: Centre to Supreme Court" 6444:"Order Aadhaar reprint online: Here is all you need to know" 4337:"Cash transfer of subsidies in 51 districts begins on Jan 1" 3315:"Aadhaar-enabled DBT savings estimated over Rs 90,000 crore" 1177: 11716: 10895: 10510: 10174:

Aadhaar: A Biometric History of India's 12-Digit Revolution

7029: 5851: 5515:"NDA govt kicks off PDS reforms with direct cash transfers" 5480:"New LPG subsidy transfer linked with Aadhaar starts today" 5230: 5072: 4310: 4054:"UIDAI: Inside the World's Largest Data Management Project" 2805: 2607: 2076: 1909: 1659: 1655: 1556: 1284: 1079:

The Aadhaar project has been linked to welfare schemes and

666:

K. Advani. It primarily aimed to provide various rights to

344:, a statutory authority established in January 2016 by the 10759:

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (India)

10053:"Explained | The concerns around Aadhaar-Voter ID linkage" 8714:"Right to privacy can't be absolute, may be regulated: SC" 5624:"Government website throws up shocking attendance figures" 10815: 10272:

Deciphering Aadhaar bill, its benefits and privacy issues

10086:"Govindraj Ethiraj, Sanjay Swamy, Sanjay Jain Join UIDAI" 8827:"Aadhaar biometric data breach triggers privacy concerns" 8507:"In a first, Aadhar recognises 1,600 transgender persons" 4795:"Govt to continue Aadhaar, provides Rs. 2k cr in 2014–15" 4705:"Aadhaar future at stake, govt seeks meeting with states" 4488:"How Nandan Nilekani Took Aadhaar Past The Tipping Point" 3769:"Background of the National Statistical Commission (NSC)" 1595: 1453:, who had said that originally Aadhaar aimed to weed out 1000:(BJD) raised concerns that the project could be used for 981: 8200:"Entrust Datacard – Partner Profile — (N)Code Solutions" 7522:"India's Top Court Limits Sweep of Biometric ID Program" 5349:"In convergence push, NREGA card to carry Aadhar number" 4645:"Modi wave sinks Nandan Nilekani in Lok Sabha elections" 3798:"9.2 Population and Basic Statistics at the Local Level" 3064:"Challenge to the Constitutionality of Aadhaar Act 2016" 2267: 10930:

Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET)

8453:"Aadhaar to be mandatory for mobile phone verification" 5688:"Aadhaar-linked biometric attendance for Central staff" 5592:"Aadhar-enabled biometric attendance system introduced" 5418:. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Archived from 4553:"Punch in recipient's Aadhaar number to transfer funds" 4272:"UIDAI launches online verification of Aadhaar numbers" 1388:

In general Land records consists of two types of data.

1364:

Project with the reference from this Bhudhaar Project.

686:

The UIDAI was established on 28 January 2009 after the

173: 147:(US$ 1.4 billion) (up to the month of August 2019) 5413:"Review of the Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG Scheme" 3512: 3510: 2572:"Don't tie up benefits to Aadhaar, court tells Centre" 1498:(US$ 3.0 billion) against a total expenditure of 462:

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

10219:, "Data to the People: India's Inclusive Internet", 9303:"Government admits your Aadhaar data has been leaked" 7332:"Don't exclude those without Aadhaar, share data: SC" 5061: 3448:"Move to link digital locker with Aadhaar challenged" 3416:"Nilekani to give numbers, ministries to issue cards" 2541:"No person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar: SC" 2379: 863:

On 1 July 2014, Nilekani met with the prime minister

9872:"Aadhaar's mixing of public risk and private profit" 8334:"Aadhaar's mixing of public risk and private profit" 5547:

Ready Reckoner: Oil Industry Information at a Glance

4521:"Central government seeks statutory cover for UIDAI" 2750:"Judgment 24 Aug 2017 by the Supreme Court of India" 2471: 2469: 2387:"Aadhaar Card not proof of citizenship: Calcutta HC" 2046: 1889: 1238:

Department of Electronics and Information Technology

1192:

Department of Electronics and Information Technology

555:

online anywhere, anytime. In a notification dated 16

11031: 10254:

International Institute for Sustainable Development

7367:"Stop Aadhaar data use to probe crime: UIDAI to SC" 6329:"Maharashtra to link school admission with Aadhaar" 6233:"Aadhaar hurdle in drive against fake ration cards" 6009:"PM asks Plan panel to enrol inmates under Aadhaar" 4967: 3974: 3802:

Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

3580: 3507: 1803:, despite having no official validity and no chip. 1523:

International Institute for Sustainable Development

1194:said that they were considering linking Aadhaar to 901:(US$ 3.6 million) on an advertising campaign. 8824: 8477: 6698:"IIMA prof's study finds loopholes in UID project" 6265:"15 lakh bogus ration cards found so far: Sunitha" 5584: 4697: 4264: 4183:"UIDAI empanels enrolment & training agencies" 3179: 3177: 1435:In October 2010 R. Ramakumar, an economist at the 605: 486:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology 471: 350:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology 86:Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology 8239:Aslesha, Divya; Aafaq, Zafar (26 November 2023). 6225: 4727: 4458: 4401:"Supreme Court notice to govt on PIL over Aadhar" 3761: 2962:"UID an assault on individual liberty: Activists" 2604:"Aadhaar Card Not Mandatory, Supreme Court Rules" 2566: 2564: 2562: 2466: 417:Aadhaar is the subject of several rulings by the 12210: 10901:Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) 10147:Rebooting India: Realizing a Billion Aspirations 9243:"Aadhaar data leak exposes cyber security flaws" 7399:"UIDAI approaches SC over sharing data with CBI" 6289: 6193: 6129: 5712: 5680: 5155: 4997: 4885:"Union Cabinet clears Rs 12 billion for Aadhaar" 4607: 3408: 1997:the leak of data belonging to 130,000 citizens. 1662:had also laid claims on it. It had an estimated 1362:Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) 1095:(NEFT) system, which did not depend on Aadhaar. 342:Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) 11436: 10123:National Institute of Public Finance and Policy 7048: 6834:National Institute of Public Finance and Policy 6766:"World Population Prospects: The 2018 Revision" 6321: 6097: 5744: 5373: 4577: 4436:"Why Parliamentary Panel rejected the UID Bill" 4430: 4428: 4151:"UIDAI will back law to protect data: Nilekani" 3658: 3376: 3339: 3174: 2301:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 86. 1485:National Institute of Public Finance and Policy 1216:Employees' Provident Fund Organisation of India 10295:"Aadhaar Number vs the Social Security Number" 10292: 9795:"Hackers deposit Re 1 in Trai chief's account" 8480:"Indian expats 'not eligible for Aadhaar IDs'" 7361: 7359: 7056:"Aadhaar shall remain optional: Supreme Court" 6690: 5648: 5549:. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. 2016. 5381:"UIDAI, Petroleum Ministry sign MoU on AADHAR" 5091: 4915:"Need reforms backed by growth to end poverty" 4301: 4299: 4079: 3884: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3440: 2559: 1826:assisting in the development of the solution. 1063: 730:On 3 November 2011 Former Supreme Court judge 504:, which are stored in a centralised database. 11422: 11017: 10919:Education and Research in Computer Networking 10736: 10464: 10339: 10235: 10192: 7326: 7324: 6169:"64,000 bogus cards deactivated after survey" 5905: 5776: 5343: 5341: 5037:"Opposition livid over money bill on Aadhaar" 4937: 4817: 4667: 3860:"Govt in no position to check passport fraud" 3852: 3285:"New UIDAI data centre to come up at Manesar" 1650:accepted a complaint from the activist group 1590:Legality of sharing data with law enforcement 1532:(US$ 1.7 million) and for 2015–2016 was 1236:, to prevent fake profiles. In July 2015 the 10925:Centre for Development of Advanced Computing 10144: 10083: 9857:Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications 8238: 7960: 7864: 7740: 7574: 7118:"Summary of the judgment (in Plain English)" 7018: 6890: 6819: 6787: 6257: 5937: 5123: 5029: 4757: 4637: 4545: 4480: 4425: 3690: 3477: 3475: 3110: 2442:"Aadhaar legislation tabled as a money Bill" 2436: 2434: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 1829: 1160:Aadhaar-enabled biometric attendance systems 1142:(PDS) will be rolled out in September 2015. 1083:schemes such as the domestic LPG scheme and 710:. In April 2010 the logo and the brand name 597:is not required to enrol again for Aadhaar. 12229:Executive branch of the government of India 8273:"Agency charging for Aadhaar card services" 7928: 7652:"Dogs, trees and chairs have Aadhaar cards" 7391: 7356: 7299:"Aadhaar gets thumbs up from Supreme Court" 7297:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (26 September 2018). 6986: 6201:"Aadhaar helps weed out bogus ration cards" 6161: 6065: 6001: 5875: 5873: 5808: 5005:"Aadhaar legislation might be a Money Bill" 4787: 4361: 4296: 4046: 3916: 3722: 3221:"Learning with the Times: What is Aadhaar?" 2236: 2234: 2201: 2179:"Amit Agrawal takes charge as CEO of UIDAI" 1614:February 2014 in an interim order directed 1562:project was unconstitutional as it allowed 796:September 2013 the Supreme Court issued an 313: 11612:Farmer Income Protection Scheme (PM AASHA) 11547:Heritage City Development and Augmentation 11429: 11415: 11024: 11010: 10839:Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) 10743: 10729: 10471: 10457: 10346: 10332: 9097:"Foreign agencies can access Aadhaar data" 7644: 7321: 6954: 6660: 6033: 5656:"Password veil over officials' attendance" 5338: 4877: 4513: 4329: 4010: 2954: 2064:CAG Report on the functioning of the UIDAI 1728:Overlaps with National Population Register 1068: 190: 60: 7896: 7708: 7612: 7296: 6922: 6297:"2.10 lakh fake ration cards surrendered" 5255: 4393: 3948: 3820: 3472: 3245: 3113:"The long list of Aadhaar-linked schemes" 2986: 2664:"Supreme Court counters push for Aadhaar" 2431: 2112: 2023: 1641: 1425: 1178:Other uses by central government agencies 589:, a Universal Account Number (UAN) under 290:(60¢ US) and biometric updates cost 11802:Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas 9640: 7936:"Government favours Aadhaar-NPR synergy" 7832: 7676: 7544: 6722: 5969: 5870: 5616: 5442: 5440: 5306: 4240:Sridhar, Madabhushi (28 December 2021). 4175: 4143: 3982:"The Citizenship Act, 1955 (as of 2005)" 3792: 3790: 2724:"Indian top court stands up for privacy" 2626: 2292: 2231: 2087:Unique Identification Authority of India 2077:Drive to link Aadhaar with Voter ID card 2070:Comptroller and Auditor General of India 1850: 1810:claim to verify an Aadhaar card using a 1737: 1557:Lack of legislation and privacy concerns 1420:Continuously Operating Reference Station 1313: 1305: 968:, was introduced in the Parliament as a 764:, and a lawyer, Parvesh Khanna, filed a 702:, was appointed by the then-government, 524:The UIDAI data centre is located at the 216:Unique Identification Authority of India 10876:CSC e-Governance Services India Limited 10846:Indian Computer Emergency Response Team 10299:Centre for Internet and Society (India) 9549: 8565: 6758: 5840: 5816:"Aadhaar-SIM Card Linking Project Soon" 5752:"Have Aadhaar? Get passport in 10 days" 5509: 5507: 5472: 4239: 4018:"The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003" 3956:"The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2003" 3542: 3213: 3026:"Nine issues to debate on Aadhaar Bill" 1766:, Law and Justice and Telecom Minister 1583:over a span of 13 days in this matter. 1430: 1262: 1259:, especially by removing duplications. 727:stations would have to be established. 14: 12211: 11522:Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya 10145:Nilekani, Nandan; Shah, Viral (2015). 10019: 9988: 9792: 9701: 9051:from the original on 15 September 2017 8504: 8120:from the original on 27 September 2017 8090:from the original on 14 September 2017 8060:from the original on 14 September 2017 8030:from the original on 23 September 2019 8004:from the original on 24 September 2019 7872:"NPR vs Aadhar card game gets tougher" 7852:from the original on 17 September 2023 7532:from the original on 27 September 2018 7501:from the original on 27 September 2018 7491:"Aadhaar stays, minus fangs and pangs" 7471:from the original on 26 September 2018 7441:from the original on 27 September 2018 7309:from the original on 27 September 2018 6562:from the original on 25 November 2021. 6424:from the original on 17 September 2023 6277:from the original on 17 September 2023 4907: 4847: 4221:from the original on 17 September 2023 4163:from the original on 17 September 2023 3606: 3558:National Payments Corporation of India 2942:from the original on 27 September 2018 2912:from the original on 26 September 2018 2882:from the original on 26 September 2018 2644:from the original on 24 September 2015 2614:from the original on 13 September 2015 2454:from the original on 17 September 2023 2367:from the original on 13 September 2018 1972:Director of Developing Caste Welfare. 1932:raised as early as 2011 in the Sunday 1883:, despite assurances to the contrary. 1859: 817:National Payments Corporation of India 646:A Group of Ministers (GoM), headed by 626:. It submitted its report to the then 507:The UIDAI was initially set up by the 458:Employees' Provident Fund Organisation 375:clarified that Aadhaar is not a valid 279:First-time enrollment is free of cost. 164:(1.379 billion) holders as of Jan 2023 11745:Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 11552:Integrated Child Development Services 11410: 11005: 10724: 10452: 10327: 10171: 10149:. India: Penguin Group. p. 340. 10065:from the original on 2 September 2022 10050: 9823: 9077:from the original on 24 February 2018 8780:from the original on 14 November 2017 8694:from the original on 21 November 2017 8450: 7746: 6861: 6710:from the original on 24 February 2021 6584:from the original on 17 February 2019 6530:from the original on 21 November 2018 6492:from the original on 21 November 2018 6454:from the original on 30 November 2020 6398:from the original on 22 December 2020 6341:from the original on 20 December 2016 6181:from the original on 20 December 2016 5989:from the original on 15 February 2015 5945:"Now get Aadhaar number through EPFO" 5604:from the original on 28 November 2014 5437: 4895:from the original on 20 February 2015 4805:from the original on 20 December 2016 4413:from the original on 16 December 2012 4252:from the original on 28 December 2021 4242:"10 cr Indians to remain niraadhaar?" 4131:from the original on 22 February 2014 3840:from the original on 7 September 2015 3787: 3775:from the original on 23 February 2020 3632: 3594:from the original on 20 November 2015 3460:from the original on 20 December 2016 3233:from the original on 26 November 2016 2994:"AADHAR: Union Cabinet of Ignorance!" 2596: 2248:from the original on 29 December 2019 2189:from the original on 7 September 2023 2159:from the original on 7 September 2023 1838: 1770:, and Minister of State for Planning 1685:In an August 2009 interview with the 1100:Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas 670:, but the bill also introduced Clause 27:Indian national identification number 10116:"A cost-benefit analysis of Aadhaar" 8578:from the original on 1 February 2019 8547:from the original on 7 December 2017 8517:from the original on 6 February 2021 8478:Binsal Abdul Kader (29 March 2017). 8313:from the original on 1 November 2017 8283:from the original on 16 January 2017 8180:from the original on 21 January 2018 7519: 7268:"Arguments by Mr. Gopal Subramanium" 7068:from the original on 9 November 2020 6878:from the original on 1 December 2017 6827:"A cost-benefit analysis of Aadhaar" 6359: 6245:from the original on 21 January 2018 5957:from the original on 3 December 2014 5504: 5268:from the original on 17 October 2022 5256:Macdonald, | Ayang (23 March 2021). 4625:from the original on 10 October 2015 4585:"Nilekani resigns as UIDAI chairman" 4215:"'Aadhaar' How a nation is deceived" 4111: 3808:from the original on 9 February 2019 3364:from the original on 26 January 2021 3345: 3295:from the original on 8 February 2018 3162:from the original on 27 January 2018 2793:from the original on 1 December 2017 1680: 1060:50,000 in her maiden budget speech. 768:(PIL) against the government in the 532:, which was inaugurated by the then 11812:Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan 11807:Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan 10890:National Internet Exchange of India 10108: 10032:from the original on 25 August 2022 10001:from the original on 25 August 2022 9970:from the original on 25 August 2022 9501:from the original on 5 January 2018 8806:from the original on 15 August 2018 8459:from the original on 7 October 2022 7978:from the original on 31 August 2015 7692:. 25 September 2013. Archived from 7188:from the original on 9 January 2018 7088:"Fundamental Right to Privacy Case" 5393:from the original on 30 August 2013 4985:from the original on 2 January 2021 4655:from the original on 6 January 2015 4529:. 25 September 2013. Archived from 3904:from the original on 4 January 2017 3892:"Obtaining second passport is easy" 2856:from the original on 17 August 2018 2704:from the original on 6 January 2018 2584:from the original on 30 August 2014 2547:from the original on 3 October 2017 2299:The Oxford Hindi-English dictionary 1616:Central Forensic Science Laboratory 622:, was formed to study the state of 340:data. The data is collected by the 24: 10943:Software Technology Parks of India 10936:(NIELIT) — Formerly DOEACC Society 10103: 9989:Poddar, Umang (21 December 2021). 9869: 9824:Ahmed, Yasmin (14 December 2020). 9641:Saldanha, Alison (30 March 2018). 9550:Chauhan, Ashish (8 January 2018). 9219:. 14 November 2017. Archived from 8750:from the original on 6 August 2017 8402:from the original on 24 March 2017 8331: 8170:"India goes digital – Hacker News" 7916:from the original on 25 April 2014 7880:. 10 February 2013. Archived from 7148:"Summary of the judgment (Part 2)" 7036:from the original on 9 August 2015 6910:from the original on 19 March 2016 6864:"A 'Cost-Benefit' Analysis of UID" 6021:from the original on 14 April 2015 5893:from the original on 23 April 2015 5720:"Aadhaar to be must for passports" 5573:from the original on 25 April 2016 5326:from the original on 29 April 2015 5175:from the original on 18 March 2016 5143:from the original on 19 March 2016 5111:from the original on 17 March 2016 5079:from the original on 12 March 2016 4565:from the original on 11 April 2017 4466:K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India 4119:"UID number gets brand name, logo" 4067:from the original on 25 April 2015 3932:. 22 December 2003. Archived from 3872:from the original on 11 April 2017 3530:from the original on 21 March 2015 3327:from the original on 2 August 2018 3131:from the original on 24 March 2017 3111:Deepalakshmi, K. (24 March 2017). 3044:from the original on 12 March 2016 2730:from the original on 17 March 2018 2674:from the original on 28 March 2017 2656: 2489:from the original on 12 March 2016 2477:"Aadhaar bill passed in Lok Sabha" 2274:from the original on 10 March 2017 1820:Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers 1489:A cost-benefit analysis of Aadhaar 1093:National Electronic Funds Transfer 488:, following the provisions of the 352:, following the provisions of the 25: 12275: 11785:Accredited Social Health Activist 11597:National Social Assistance Scheme 10229: 10125:. 9 November 2012. Archived from 10051:Goyal, Trishee (28 August 2022). 9882:from the original on 13 July 2019 9836:from the original on 10 June 2022 9805:from the original on 23 July 2022 8720:from the original on 19 July 2017 8664:from the original on 13 July 2017 8634:from the original on 13 July 2017 8566:Whitter, Zack (31 January 2019). 8505:Pandey, Neelam (27 August 2013). 8344:from the original on 13 July 2019 7520:Goel, Vindu (26 September 2018). 7411:from the original on 4 March 2016 7379:from the original on 6 March 2016 7344:from the original on 5 March 2016 6942:from the original on 4 March 2016 6836:. 9 November 2012. Archived from 6807:from the original on 5 March 2016 6672:Tata Institute of Social Sciences 6117:from the original on 2 April 2015 5858:from the original on 14 July 2015 5824:. 31 October 2014. Archived from 5732:from the original on 29 June 2015 5700:from the original on 13 July 2015 5664:. 14 October 2014. Archived from 5636:from the original on 13 July 2015 5492:from the original on 26 June 2015 5237:from the original on 12 June 2018 5207:from the original on 14 June 2018 5049:from the original on 8 March 2016 5017:from the original on 2 March 2016 4955:from the original on 6 April 2016 4865:from the original on 3 April 2015 4835:from the original on 26 June 2015 4775:from the original on 26 June 2015 4745:from the original on 26 June 2015 4715:from the original on 26 June 2015 4685:from the original on 26 June 2015 4595:from the original on 24 June 2014 4501:from the original on 10 June 2015 4446:from the original on 28 June 2015 4381:from the original on 26 June 2015 4349:from the original on 4 March 2016 4317:from the original on 23 July 2015 4195:from the original on 26 June 2015 3710:from the original on 4 March 2016 3495:from the original on 23 July 2015 3428:from the original on 16 June 2015 3355:Journal of Administrative Science 3194:. 28 January 2009. Archived from 3006:from the original on 22 June 2015 2974:from the original on 22 June 2015 2902:"Supreme Court verdict on Aadhar" 2419:from the original on 25 June 2017 2393:from the original on 5 March 2017 2209:"UIDAI Finance and Budge Section" 2133:from the original on 23 July 2017 1890:Data leaks and security incidents 1518:A 'Cost-Benefit' Analysis of UID, 1487:(NIPFP) published a paper titled 1437:Tata Institute of Social Sciences 569:connection, a subsidised ration, 281:Further demographic updates cost 101:Neelkanth Mishra, Chairman, UIDAI 12148:Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya 12052:Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya 11587:National Infrastructure Pipeline 11390: 11381: 11380: 10859: 10752: 10355: 10172:Aiyar, Shankkar (21 July 2017). 10077: 10044: 10020:Poddar, Umang (25 August 2022). 10013: 9982: 9952: 9926: 9914:from the original on 24 May 2022 9894: 9863: 9848: 9817: 9786: 9774:from the original on 6 July 2022 9756: 9744:from the original on 6 July 2022 9726: 9714:from the original on 6 July 2022 9695: 9665: 9653:from the original on 6 July 2022 9634: 9622:from the original on 6 July 2022 9604: 9592:from the original on 6 July 2022 9574: 9562:from the original on 6 July 2022 9543: 9531:from the original on 6 July 2022 9513: 9475: 9463:from the original on 6 July 2022 9445: 9433:from the original on 4 July 2022 9415: 9403:from the original on 4 July 2022 9385: 9373:from the original on 4 July 2022 9355: 9343:from the original on 4 July 2022 9325: 9313:from the original on 4 July 2022 9295: 9283:from the original on 4 July 2022 9265: 9253:from the original on 4 July 2022 9235: 9205: 9189:. 30 August 2017. Archived from 9175: 9159:. 25 August 2017. Archived from 9145: 9129:. 25 August 2017. Archived from 9115: 9089: 9063: 9037: 9025:from the original on 6 July 2022 9007: 8995:from the original on 6 July 2022 8969: 8957:from the original on 6 July 2022 8939: 8927:from the original on 6 July 2022 8909: 8897:from the original on 7 July 2022 8879: 8867:from the original on 4 July 2022 8849: 8837:from the original on 4 July 2022 8818: 8792: 8762: 8732: 8706: 8676: 8646: 8616: 8590: 8559: 8529: 8498: 8486:from the original on 17 May 2017 8471: 8444: 8414: 8388: 8376:from the original on 27 May 2017 8356: 8325: 8295: 8265: 8232: 8192: 8162: 8150:from the original on 17 May 2017 8132: 8102: 8072: 8042: 8016: 7990: 7948:from the original on 7 July 2014 7797: 7771: 7728:from the original on 5 June 2022 7664:from the original on 13 May 2020 7628:. 22 August 2009. Archived from 7600:from the original on 8 July 2015 7562:from the original on 4 June 2015 7513: 7483: 7453: 7423: 7290: 7260: 7230: 7200: 7170: 7140: 7110: 7080: 6974:from the original on 30 May 2015 6855: 6628: 6596: 6566: 6542: 6504: 6466: 6436: 6410: 6384: 6372:from the original on 5 June 2020 6353: 6305:. 26 August 2012. Archived from 6213:from the original on 9 June 2014 6105:"EC launches NERPAP countrywide" 6053:from the original on 8 July 2015 5925:from the original on 31 May 2015 5764:from the original on 21 May 2015 5553: 5539: 5527:from the original on 3 July 2015 5460:from the original on 3 July 2015 5405: 5361:from the original on 4 July 2015 5294:from the original on 8 July 2019 5280: 5249: 5219: 5187: 4925:from the original on 7 July 2015 3989:Ministry of Home Affairs (India) 3962:from the original on 5 July 2015 3749:from the original on 3 July 2014 3678:from the original on 9 July 2013 3646:from the original on 7 July 2015 3396:from the original on 9 July 2015 2219:from the original on 27 May 2018 2049: 1466:National Food Security Act, 2013 1154:Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana 348:, under the jurisdiction of the 156: 155: 51: 12224:National identification numbers 11878:Urja Ganga Gas Pipeline Project 11527:Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti 11032:National identity cards in Asia 10480:National identification numbers 10293:Elonnai Hickok (21 July 2015). 9940:from the original on 1 May 2022 9793:Chitra, Rachel (30 July 2018). 9339:. 15 January 2019. p. 16. 6360:Khan, Danish (17 August 2016). 5796:from the original on 4 May 2015 4284:from the original on 7 May 2015 4233: 4207: 3307: 3277: 3149: 3143: 3104: 3082: 3056: 3018: 2924: 2894: 2868: 2838: 2775: 2742: 2716: 2686: 2533: 2501: 2405: 1460:In March 2011 Rajanish Dass of 984:, was attempting to bypass the 951: 756:In late November 2012 a former 606:Previous identity card programs 526:Industrial Model Township (IMT) 472:Unique Identification Authority 359:Aadhaar is the world's largest 12198:, first chairman of the UIDAI. 12183:Voluntary Disclosure of Income 11517:Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya 11459:Poverty alleviation programmes 11348:British Indian Ocean Territory 10842:Cyber Appellate Tribunal (CAT) 10391:Overseas Citizen of India Card 9333:"The Global Risks Report 2019" 9071:"Aadhaar in the hand of spies" 8451:Gupta, Komal (24 March 2017). 7620:"Falling Between the Barcodes" 7238:"Arguments by Mr. Kapil Sibal" 7208:"Arguments by Mr. Shyam Divan" 7002:. 17 July 2015. Archived from 6862:Khera, Reetika (5 June 2015). 6145:. 4 March 2015. Archived from 4095:. 25 June 2009. Archived from 3924:"Dual citizenship Bill passed" 2694:"Identity project | Scroll.in" 2349: 2323: 2286: 2260: 2171: 2145: 920:. The Union Cabinet allocated 786:Article 21 of the Constitution 484:under the jurisdiction of the 13: 1: 12219:Manmohan Singh administration 11760:Climate Resilient Agriculture 10396:Permanent Account Number Card 10306: 10084:Nikhil Pahwa (19 July 2010). 6868:Economic and Political Weekly 6081:. 7 July 2015. Archived from 2816:"Aadhaar Act Case Background" 2293:McGregor, R. S., ed. (1993). 2106: 2014: 1566:of citizens. In a reply on 12 1514:Economic and Political Weekly 1395:or other related documents). 1369:Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister 1310:Sample PVC Aadhaar Card Front 1185:National Crime Records Bureau 618:, headed by security analyst 66:"Mera Aadhaar, Meri Pehchaan" 11542:Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan 10236:Rajanish Dass (March 2011). 9247:www.thehindubusinessline.com 1752:National Population Register 1750:The Aadhaar and the similar 1734:National Population Register 1439:, wrote in an editorial for 1379:Real Time Governance Society 1346:Government of Andhra Pradesh 1318:Sample PVC Aadhaar Card Back 832: 690:issued a notification. On 23 681: 652:Ministry of External Affairs 595:National Population Register 7: 12239:Identity documents of India 12153:Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan 11438:Government Schemes in India 6512:"Naidu launches 'Bhudhaar'" 6474:"Naidu launches 'Bhudhaar'" 2093: 1926:National Informatics Centre 1648:Delhi Development Authority 1334: 1301: 1104:memorandum of understanding 1064:Predominant uses of Aadhaar 196:Specimen of an Aadhaar Card 10: 12280: 12264:Computer security in India 10200:. ThePrint. Archived from 7904:"NPR rolls on, regardless" 7840:"UIDAI's mandate expanded" 7582:"No. K-13011/26/2012-DD-I" 2514:(18). 2016. Archived from 1877:overseas citizens of India 1731: 1606:The UIDAI appealed in the 1377:(developed and managed by 1338: 1156:or crop insurance scheme. 1140:public distribution system 1072: 766:Public Interest Litigation 600: 515:via a notification in the 466:Public Distribution System 379:for Indians travelling to 365:World Bank Chief Economist 29: 12130: 12123: 11978: 11932: 11894:Accessible India Campaign 11886: 11840: 11735: 11489: 11482: 11454:Welfare schemes for women 11444: 11376: 11335: 11295: 11037: 10980: 10961: 10952:Semi-Conductor Laboratory 10909: 10868: 10857: 10829: 10806: 10772: 10765: 10487: 10430: 10414: 10368: 10362:Indian identity documents 9397:Tribuneindia News Service 8740:"Aadhaar is Future India" 8209:. Entrust. Archived from 3346:Chin, Roger (June 2015). 3094:26 September 2018 at the 1830:Cloning of biometric data 1416:Andhra Pradesh Government 1358:Union Government of India 1255:identification system in 1046:Tata Consultancy Services 275: 267: 259: 251: 222: 211: 201: 189: 184: 168: 151: 132: 114: 95: 81: 71: 59: 50: 45: 12178:Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar 12163:Finance Development Fund 11858:Indian Rivers Inter-link 11682:Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana 11512:Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao 11097:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 10798:National Portal of India 10286: 9702:Vidyut (24 April 2018). 5918:Press Information Bureau 4092:Press Information Bureau 4025:PRS Legislative Research 3833:Press Information Bureau 1781: 1742:The Union Home Minister 1652:India Against Corruption 843:Indian National Congress 668:persons of Indian origin 560:Aadhaar neither confers 12168:Rashtriya Swasthya Bima 12102:Global Investors Summit 12035:Global Investors Summit 11945:Business identification 11780:Auxiliary nurse midwife 11722:Ujwal DISCOM Assurance 11602:National Service Scheme 11592:National Pension System 11532:Direct Benefit Transfer 11358:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9768:Business Standard India 9647:Business Standard India 7747:@UIDAI (31 July 2018). 5262:www.biometricupdate.com 3737:"What the UID conceals" 3616:. UIDAI. Archived from 2726:. BBC. 24 August 2017. 1944: 1902: 1483:On 9 November 2012 the 1371:and all citizens using 1198:. In November 2014 the 1089:Direct Benefit Transfer 1075:Direct Benefit Transfer 1069:Direct Benefit Transfer 616:Kargil Review Committee 377:identification document 234:Direct Benefit Transfer 12143:National Urban Renewal 11632:Digital Health Mission 11582:Local Area Development 10497:Bosnia and Herzegovina 9677:The New Indian Express 9307:The New Indian Express 7877:The New Indian Express 7272:scobserver.clpr.org.in 7242:scobserver.clpr.org.in 7212:scobserver.clpr.org.in 7152:scobserver.clpr.org.in 7122:scobserver.clpr.org.in 7092:scobserver.clpr.org.in 6302:The New Indian Express 6142:The New Indian Express 5821:The New Indian Express 4526:The New Indian Express 4471:Supreme Court of India 3590:. ZDNet. 27 May 2013. 2820:scobserver.clpr.org.in 2024:Revolving door problem 1895:private institutions. 1856: 1747: 1691:, former chief of the 1646:In September 2013 the 1642:Land allotment dispute 1426:Criticism and concerns 1319: 1311: 1293:Right to Education Act 770:Supreme Court of India 419:Supreme Court of India 120:; 15 years ago 12113:Global Investors Meet 11924:Swachh Bharat Mission 11822:Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan 11672:Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi 10178:Westland Publications 8891:Privacy International 8026:. 24 September 2019. 8000:. 23 September 2019. 7813:. 25 September 2023. 7558:. 17 September 2013. 7467:. 26 September 2018. 6392:"PVC Aadhar Card FAQ" 6177:. 12 September 2014. 5661:The Telegraph (India) 4891:. 11 September 2014. 4861:. 11 September 2014. 3900:. 23 September 2001. 3868:. 21 September 2001. 3389:Reserve Bank of India 3253:"Haryana Review 2013" 2908:. 26 September 2018. 2772:(Puttaswamy v. Union) 2580:. 24 September 2013. 2543:. 23 September 2013. 2028:The question of the " 1854: 1741: 1317: 1309: 1200:Department of Telecom 1098:On 29 July 2011, the 1011:On 11 March 2016 the 867:and finance minister 541:Bhupinder Singh Hooda 12173:Tuberculosis Control 12057:Magnetic Maharashtra 11991:Annadatha Sukhibhava 11827:Smart Cities Mission 11607:Post Office Passport 11272:United Arab Emirates 10386:Identity Certificate 10281:Aadhaar sitting duck 9369:. 19 November 2017. 9337:World Economic Forum 9103:on 22 September 2021 8174:news.ycombinator.com 6970:. 13 February 2015. 6803:. 10 November 2012. 6772:on 19 September 2016 6668:"R. Ramakumar, Dean" 6550:"ULPIN Concept Note" 6518:. 20 November 2018. 6480:. 20 November 2018. 6450:. 30 November 2020. 6273:. 6 September 2014. 6049:. 16 December 2014. 5953:. 30 November 2015. 5760:. 16 February 2015. 5728:. 11 November 2014. 5600:. 22 November 2014. 5488:. 15 November 2015. 4442:. 13 December 2011. 4377:. 30 November 2012. 4345:. 24 November 2012. 4313:. 26 November 2012. 4246:www.thehansindia.com 4063:. 29 November 2010. 4034:on 24 September 2015 2970:. 6 September 2010. 2852:. 14 December 2017. 2389:. 25 December 2016. 1951:World Economic Forum 1873:Non-resident Indians 1431:Feasibility concerns 1354:N. Chandrababu Naidu 1263:Other uses by states 1243:On 3 March 2015 the 1234:matrimonial websites 1190:In October 2014 the 1081:unemployment benefit 782:violation of privacy 758:Karnataka High Court 745:On 26 November 2012 698:, the co-founder of 632:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 581:or pension schemes, 577:, or benefits under 118:28 January 2009 12234:Government of India 12206:), Govt. of India. 12074:Biju Krushak Kalyan 11965:Unorganised Workers 11299:limited recognition 10406:Voter Identity Card 9588:. 12 January 2018. 9223:on 14 November 2017 9193:on 14 November 2017 8309:. 28 October 2017. 8307:hindustantimes.com/ 8253:on 26 November 2023 8116:. 30 January 2017. 7848:. 27 January 2012. 7785:. 25 September 2023 7278:on 27 February 2018 7248:on 27 February 2018 7218:on 27 February 2018 7158:on 27 February 2018 7128:on 27 February 2018 7098:on 27 February 2018 6938:. 3 February 2015. 6678:on 23 December 2015 6209:. 21 January 2014. 5985:. 8 December 2014. 5854:. 3 November 2014. 5632:. 11 October 2014. 5233:. 15 January 2018. 4561:. 10 October 2013. 4409:. 1 December 2012. 4342:The Tribune (India) 4280:. 8 February 2012. 3936:on 20 December 2016 3745:. 21 October 2010. 3674:. 4 February 2000. 3229:. 4 December 2010. 3070:on 27 February 2018 2850:bloombergquint.com/ 2826:on 27 February 2018 2337:. 26 September 2018 2242:"Aadhaar Dashboard" 2068:In April 2022, the 2000:In September 2018, 1955:Global Risks Report 1918:Ravi Shankar Prasad 1860:Threat of exclusion 1768:Ravi Shankar Prasad 1693:Intelligence Bureau 1508:On 2 February 2013 1448:Intelligence Bureau 1331:at a fee of ₹50/-. 1249:Election Commission 724:State Bank of India 688:Planning Commission 513:Planning Commission 509:Government of India 482:Government of India 361:biometric ID system 346:Government of India 36:Aadhaar (2022 film) 32:Aadhaar (2019 film) 30:For the films, see 12079:Madhu Babu Pension 12003:Mission Bhagiratha 11868:Sagar Mala project 11702:Sansad Adarsh Gram 11692:Kisan Samman Nidhi 11662:Shram Yogi Mandhan 11577:Midday Meal Scheme 11557:Income declaration 10981:Ministers of State 10369:Central government 10204:on 27 January 2018 10196:(9 January 2018). 9799:The Times of India 9556:The Times of India 9527:. 7 January 2018. 9459:. 4 January 2018. 9429:. 9 January 2018. 9277:The Indian Express 9047:. 26 August 2017. 8951:The Indian Express 8921:The Times of India 8688:The Times of India 8658:The Times of India 8369:The Times of India 8277:The Times of India 8216:on 21 January 2018 8144:The Times of India 8114:The Times of India 7912:. 5 October 2013. 7783:The Indian Express 7696:on 2 February 2015 7657:The Times of India 7526:The New York Times 7495:The Times of India 7372:The Indian Express 7337:The Indian Express 7182:manoramaonline.com 7064:. 11 August 2015. 6967:The Economic Times 6800:The Economic Times 6703:The Indian Express 6648:on 7 February 2019 6616:on 2 December 2021 6604:"Bhudhaar Handout" 6366:The Economic Times 6046:The Economic Times 6014:The Indian Express 5982:The Times of India 5921:. 20 August 2014. 5789:The Times of India 5757:The Times of India 5725:The Times of India 5696:. 23 August 2014. 5668:on 14 October 2014 5566:The Economic Times 5354:The Economic Times 5322:. 2 January 2015. 5200:The Times of India 4889:The Times of India 4859:The Indian Express 4829:The Economic Times 4769:The Indian Express 4739:The Economic Times 4709:The Indian Express 4619:The Economic Times 4558:The Economic Times 4497:. 8 October 2013. 4406:The Times of India 4374:The Economic Times 4277:The Economic Times 3897:The Times of India 3865:The Times of India 3523:The Times of India 3488:The Indian Express 3421:The Economic Times 3320:The Times of India 3291:. 7 January 2013. 3226:The Times of India 2640:. 11 August 2015. 2610:. 11 August 2015. 2155:. 22 August 2023. 1857: 1855:Aadhar Seva Kendra 1839:Application issues 1772:Rao Inderjit Singh 1756:Sushilkumar Shinde 1748: 1701:illegal immigrants 1360:also implementing 1325:guilloché Patterns 1320: 1312: 1220:Bandaru Dattatreya 1054:Nirmala Sitharaman 994:Tathagata Satpathy 610:In 1999 after the 454:central government 12259:Mass surveillance 12191: 12190: 11955:Permanent account 11687:Jeevan Jyoti Bima 11404: 11403: 11341:other territories 10999: 10998: 10855: 10854: 10718: 10717: 10446: 10445: 10438:Birth certificate 10415:State governments 10276:A rant on Aadhaar 10156:978-0-670-08789-1 9740:. 24 April 2018. 9309:. 31 March 2017. 9163:on 25 August 2017 9133:on 25 August 2017 9021:. 4 August 2017. 8983:. 3 August 2017. 8953:. 29 March 2017. 8923:. 29 March 2017. 8863:. 22 April 2017. 8746:. 6 August 2017. 8372:. 26 March 2017. 7884:on 26 August 2014 7407:. 17 March 2014. 7375:. 19 March 2014. 7340:. 25 March 2014. 6906:. 18 March 2016. 6903:Business Standard 6706:. 18 March 2011. 6578:bhuseva.ap.gov.in 6337:. 23 April 2015. 6110:Business Standard 6017:. 6 August 2014. 5569:, 24 March 2016, 5203:. 13 March 2018. 5171:. 16 March 2016. 5139:. 16 March 2016. 5107:. 16 March 2016. 5075:. 11 March 2016. 4951:. 15 March 2015. 4949:Business Standard 4591:. 13 March 2014. 4188:Business Standard 4127:. 27 April 2010. 3958:. Indian Kanoon. 3640:"Where to Enroll" 3392:. 15 March 2011. 3032:. 11 March 2016. 2521:on 16 August 2016 2485:. 11 March 2016. 1681:Security concerns 1608:Bombay High Court 1214:In July 2014 the 1167:attendance.gov.in 1042:One Time Password 1002:mass surveillance 815:October 2013 the 624:national security 480:July 2016 by the 332:, based on their 303: 302: 271:Lifetime validity 263:Resident of India 206:Identity document 180: 179: 16:(Redirected from 12271: 12158:Rural Livelihood 11712:Soil Health Card 11657:Matritva Vandana 11572:Pravasi Suraksha 11431: 11424: 11417: 11408: 11407: 11394: 11384: 11383: 11353:Christmas Island 11039:Sovereign states 11026: 11019: 11012: 11003: 11002: 10992: 10973: 10969:Ashwini Vaishnaw 10863: 10770: 10769: 10757: 10756: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10722: 10721: 10473: 10466: 10459: 10450: 10449: 10360: 10359: 10358: 10348: 10341: 10334: 10325: 10324: 10320: 10319: 10317:Official website 10302: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10256:. Archived from 10244: 10242: 10217:Nilekani, Nandan 10213: 10211: 10209: 10189: 10168: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10131: 10120: 10109:Supportive views 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10081: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10017: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10006: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9966:. 25 July 2022. 9956: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9919: 9913: 9906: 9898: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9867: 9861: 9860: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9770:. 29 July 2018. 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9730: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9699: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9688: 9679:. Archived from 9669: 9663: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9638: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9627: 9608: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9389: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9359: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9348: 9329: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9179: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9149: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9138: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9099:. Archived from 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9041: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8943: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8932: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8822: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8774:outlookindia.com 8766: 8760: 8759: 8757: 8755: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8725: 8710: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8600:. Archived from 8594: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8502: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8428:. Archived from 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8279:. 2 April 2015. 8269: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8249:. Archived from 8236: 8230: 8229: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8204: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8166: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8106: 8100: 8099: 8097: 8095: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8020: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8009: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7974:. 25 July 2014. 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7923: 7921: 7900: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7801: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7762: 7760: 7744: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7712: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7680: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7648: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7599: 7590:Gazette of India 7586: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7363: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7328: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7314: 7294: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7274:. Archived from 7264: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7244:. Archived from 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7214:. Archived from 7204: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7154:. Archived from 7144: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7124:. Archived from 7114: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7094:. Archived from 7084: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7052: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7032:. 22 July 2015. 7022: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6842: 6831: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6791: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6777: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6745: 6739:. Archived from 6734: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6674:. Archived from 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6647: 6641:. Archived from 6640: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6615: 6609:. Archived from 6608: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6470: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6229: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6113:. 3 March 2014. 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6037: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5941: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5889:. 4 March 2015. 5877: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5511: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5444: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5425:on 19 March 2015 5424: 5417: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5389:. 30 June 2011. 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5345: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5045:. 6 March 2016. 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5013:. 2 March 2016. 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4981:. 18 June 2015. 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4831:. 12 July 2014. 4821: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4801:. 10 July 2014. 4791: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4741:. 24 July 2014. 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4711:. 17 June 2014. 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4681:. 10 June 2014. 4671: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4621:. 17 July 2014. 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4533:on 28 April 2015 4517: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4484: 4478: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4303: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4191:. 18 July 2010. 4179: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4033: 4027:. Archived from 4022: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3997: 3991:. Archived from 3986: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3733: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3706:. 4 March 2000. 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3614:"Verify Aadhaar" 3610: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3568:on 19 March 2015 3567: 3561:. Archived from 3554: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3526:. 24 July 2009. 3514: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3491:. 23 July 2014. 3479: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3424:. 16 July 2009. 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3363: 3352: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3323:. 11 July 2018. 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3264: 3258:. Archived from 3257: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3201:on 13 April 2016 3200: 3189: 3181: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3108: 3102: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3066:. Archived from 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2822:. Archived from 2812: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2779: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2762:on 2 August 2018 2761: 2755:. Archived from 2754: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2568: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2450:. 3 March 2016. 2438: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2270:. Uidai.gov.in. 2264: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2238: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2185:. 20 June 2023. 2175: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2123: 2059: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2010: 2008: 1967: 1965: 1847: 1798: 1676: 1668: 1666: 1633: 1629: 1613: 1569: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1247:(NERPAP) of the 1205: 1172: 1151: 1137: 1132: 1125: 1123: 1110: 1059: 1018: 1006:ethnic cleansing 974:Ghulam Nabi Azad 963: 936: 934: 926: 924: 900: 898: 893: 891: 882: 880: 839:general election 828: 826: 814: 795: 779: 762:K. S. Puttaswamy 732:V R Krishna Iyer 708:Cabinet minister 693: 677: 673: 665: 656:Indian passports 637: 558: 518:Gazette of India 490:Aadhaar Act 2016 479: 443: 438: 432:right to privacy 429: 424: 409: 401: 393: 327: 324: 323:base, foundation 321: 318: 315: 298: 296: 289: 287: 194: 182: 181: 176: 159: 158: 146: 141: 128: 126: 121: 64: 55: 43: 42: 21: 12279: 12278: 12274: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12269: 12268: 12209: 12208: 12196:Nandan Nilekani 12192: 12187: 12126: 12125:Closed/Subsumed 12119: 12023:Vibrant Gujarat 11974: 11928: 11882: 11863:Operation Flood 11848:Agriculture MMP 11836: 11832:TB-Mission 2020 11731: 11507:Ayushman Bharat 11485: 11478: 11469:Social security 11449:List of schemes 11440: 11435: 11405: 11400: 11372: 11340: 11331: 11312:Northern Cyprus 11298: 11291: 11033: 11030: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10976: 10971: 10957: 10911: 10905: 10864: 10851: 10825: 10802: 10761: 10751: 10749: 10719: 10714: 10624:North Macedonia 10483: 10477: 10447: 10442: 10426: 10422:Driving licence 10410: 10364: 10356: 10354: 10352: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10289: 10263: 10261: 10260:on 18 June 2020 10240: 10232: 10222:Foreign Affairs 10207: 10205: 10157: 10135: 10133: 10132:on 11 July 2019 10129: 10118: 10114: 10111: 10106: 10104:Further reading 10101: 10091: 10089: 10082: 10078: 10068: 10066: 10049: 10045: 10035: 10033: 10018: 10014: 10004: 10002: 9987: 9983: 9973: 9971: 9958: 9957: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9932: 9931: 9927: 9917: 9915: 9911: 9904: 9900: 9899: 9895: 9885: 9883: 9868: 9864: 9853: 9849: 9839: 9837: 9822: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9791: 9787: 9777: 9775: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9732: 9731: 9727: 9717: 9715: 9700: 9696: 9686: 9684: 9671: 9670: 9666: 9656: 9654: 9639: 9635: 9625: 9623: 9610: 9609: 9605: 9595: 9593: 9580: 9579: 9575: 9565: 9563: 9548: 9544: 9534: 9532: 9519: 9518: 9514: 9504: 9502: 9487:Washington Post 9481: 9480: 9476: 9466: 9464: 9451: 9450: 9446: 9436: 9434: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9406: 9404: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9376: 9374: 9361: 9360: 9356: 9346: 9344: 9331: 9330: 9326: 9316: 9314: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9256: 9254: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9226: 9224: 9211: 9210: 9206: 9196: 9194: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9166: 9164: 9151: 9150: 9146: 9136: 9134: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9106: 9104: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9080: 9078: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9043: 9042: 9038: 9028: 9026: 9013: 9012: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8945: 8944: 8940: 8930: 8928: 8915: 8914: 8910: 8900: 8898: 8885: 8884: 8880: 8870: 8868: 8861:Hindustan Times 8855: 8854: 8850: 8840: 8838: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8793: 8783: 8781: 8768: 8767: 8763: 8753: 8751: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8723: 8721: 8712: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8695: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8622: 8621: 8617: 8607: 8605: 8604:on 13 July 2017 8596: 8595: 8591: 8581: 8579: 8564: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8520: 8518: 8511:Hindustan Times 8503: 8499: 8489: 8487: 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8449: 8445: 8435: 8433: 8432:on 30 July 2017 8420: 8419: 8415: 8405: 8403: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8361: 8357: 8347: 8345: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8271: 8270: 8266: 8256: 8254: 8237: 8233: 8219: 8217: 8213: 8202: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8153: 8151: 8138: 8137: 8133: 8123: 8121: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8093: 8091: 8084:Bloomberg Quint 8078: 8077: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8048: 8047: 8043: 8033: 8031: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8007: 8005: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7981: 7979: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7944:. 4 July 2014. 7934: 7933: 7929: 7919: 7917: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7887: 7885: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7838: 7837: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7788: 7786: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7758: 7756: 7745: 7741: 7731: 7729: 7724:. 5 June 2022. 7714: 7713: 7709: 7699: 7697: 7689:Hindustan Times 7682: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7665: 7660:. 31 May 2013. 7650: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7633: 7632:on 10 July 2015 7618: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7584: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7565: 7563: 7550: 7549: 7545: 7535: 7533: 7518: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7489: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7444: 7442: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7382: 7380: 7365: 7364: 7357: 7347: 7345: 7330: 7329: 7322: 7312: 7310: 7295: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7251: 7249: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7221: 7219: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 7006:on 19 July 2015 6999:Hindustan Times 6992: 6991: 6987: 6977: 6975: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6881: 6879: 6860: 6856: 6846: 6844: 6843:on 11 July 2019 6840: 6829: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6775: 6773: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6746:on 17 June 2015 6743: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6723: 6713: 6711: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6559: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6472: 6471: 6467: 6457: 6455: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6427: 6425: 6416: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6390: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6309:on 22 June 2015 6295: 6294: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6241:. 2 July 2014. 6231: 6230: 6226: 6216: 6214: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6149:on 2 April 2015 6135: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6078:Hindustan Times 6071: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6039: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6022: 6007: 6006: 6002: 5992: 5990: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5879: 5878: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5846: 5845: 5841: 5831: 5829: 5828:on 16 July 2015 5814: 5813: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5576: 5574: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5523:. 3 July 2015. 5513: 5512: 5505: 5495: 5493: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5463: 5461: 5456:. 3 July 2015. 5446: 5445: 5438: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5347: 5346: 5339: 5329: 5327: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5254: 5250: 5240: 5238: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5136:Hindustan Times 5129: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5082: 5080: 5067: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4921:. 6 July 2015. 4913: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4883: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4771:. 7 July 2014. 4763: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4688: 4686: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4658: 4656: 4651:. 16 May 2014. 4643: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4382: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4305: 4304: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4166: 4164: 4159:. 20 May 2010. 4149: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4052: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3998:on 16 June 2015 3995: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3836:. 23 May 2001. 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3750: 3735: 3734: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3620:on 10 July 2015 3612: 3611: 3607: 3597: 3595: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3516: 3515: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3481: 3480: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3456:. 5 July 2015. 3446: 3445: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3350: 3344: 3340: 3330: 3328: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3289:Hindustan Times 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3109: 3105: 3096:Wayback Machine 3087: 3083: 3073: 3071: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2829: 2827: 2814: 2813: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2570: 2569: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2475: 2474: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2439: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2368: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2338: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2309: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2240: 2239: 2232: 2222: 2220: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2162: 2160: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2136: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2113: 2109: 2096: 2079: 2066: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2026: 2017: 2006: 2005: 1963: 1962: 1947: 1905: 1892: 1862: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1796: 1784: 1736: 1730: 1710:Hindustan Times 1683: 1674: 1664: 1663: 1644: 1631: 1627: 1611: 1592: 1567: 1559: 1548: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1500: 1499: 1493: 1492: 1470:Usha Ramanathan 1433: 1428: 1412:geo-coordinates 1343: 1337: 1304: 1265: 1203: 1180: 1170: 1162: 1149: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1108: 1077: 1071: 1066: 1057: 1050:Neurotechnology 1021:Sitaram Yechury 1016: 1008:in the future. 998:Biju Janata Dal 964:March 2016 the 961: 954: 932: 931: 922: 921: 896: 895: 889: 888: 885:previous year's 878: 877: 835: 822: 821: 812: 793: 777: 696:Nandan Nilekani 691: 684: 675: 671: 663: 635: 620:K. Subrahmanyam 608: 603: 556: 477: 474: 441: 436: 427: 422: 407: 399: 391: 325: 322: 319: 316: 292: 291: 283: 282: 280: 197: 172: 137: 136: 124: 122: 119: 67: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12277: 12267: 12266: 12261: 12256: 12254:Identification 12251: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12231: 12226: 12221: 12200: 12199: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12134: 12132: 12128: 12127: 12124: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12117: 12116: 12115: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12095: 12094: 12093: 12083: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12054: 12044: 12043: 12042: 12037: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12020: 12012: 12011: 12010: 12005: 11995: 11994: 11993: 11982: 11980: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11936: 11934: 11930: 11929: 11927: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11890: 11888: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11844: 11842: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11799: 11794: 11789: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11741: 11739: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11652:Matsya Sampada 11649: 11647:Krishi Sinchai 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11497:Antyodaya Anna 11493: 11491: 11487: 11486: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11445: 11442: 11441: 11434: 11433: 11426: 11419: 11411: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11398: 11388: 11377: 11374: 11373: 11371: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11344: 11342: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11303: 11301: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11049: 11043: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11028: 11021: 11014: 11006: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10993: 10984: 10982: 10978: 10977: 10975: 10974: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10955: 10949: 10946: 10940: 10937: 10931: 10928: 10922: 10915: 10913: 10907: 10906: 10904: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10887: 10884: 10881:Media Lab Asia 10878: 10872: 10870: 10866: 10865: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10843: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10824: 10823: 10818: 10812: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10801: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10782: 10778: 10776: 10767: 10763: 10762: 10748: 10747: 10740: 10733: 10725: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10707: 10705:United Kingdom 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10499: 10494: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10476: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10453: 10444: 10443: 10441: 10440: 10434: 10432: 10431:Municipalities 10428: 10427: 10425: 10424: 10418: 10416: 10412: 10411: 10409: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10372: 10370: 10366: 10365: 10351: 10350: 10343: 10336: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10312: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10270: 10245: 10231: 10230:Critical views 10228: 10227: 10226: 10214: 10190: 10169: 10155: 10142: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10076: 10043: 10012: 9981: 9951: 9925: 9893: 9870:Thaker, Aria. 9862: 9847: 9816: 9785: 9755: 9725: 9694: 9683:on 6 July 2022 9664: 9633: 9603: 9573: 9542: 9512: 9474: 9444: 9414: 9384: 9354: 9324: 9294: 9279:. 4 May 2017. 9264: 9249:. 2 May 2017. 9234: 9204: 9174: 9144: 9114: 9088: 9062: 9036: 9006: 8968: 8938: 8908: 8878: 8848: 8817: 8791: 8761: 8731: 8705: 8675: 8645: 8615: 8589: 8558: 8528: 8497: 8470: 8443: 8413: 8387: 8355: 8332:Thaker, Aria. 8324: 8294: 8264: 8231: 8191: 8161: 8131: 8101: 8071: 8041: 8015: 7989: 7959: 7927: 7895: 7863: 7831: 7796: 7770: 7739: 7707: 7675: 7643: 7611: 7573: 7543: 7512: 7482: 7452: 7422: 7390: 7355: 7320: 7289: 7259: 7229: 7199: 7169: 7139: 7109: 7079: 7047: 7017: 6985: 6953: 6921: 6889: 6854: 6818: 6786: 6757: 6721: 6689: 6659: 6627: 6595: 6565: 6541: 6503: 6465: 6435: 6409: 6383: 6352: 6320: 6288: 6256: 6224: 6192: 6160: 6128: 6096: 6085:on 7 July 2015 6064: 6032: 6000: 5968: 5936: 5904: 5869: 5839: 5807: 5792:. 1 May 2015. 5775: 5743: 5711: 5679: 5647: 5615: 5583: 5552: 5538: 5503: 5471: 5436: 5404: 5372: 5357:. 2 May 2012. 5337: 5305: 5279: 5248: 5218: 5186: 5154: 5122: 5090: 5060: 5028: 4996: 4966: 4936: 4906: 4876: 4846: 4816: 4786: 4756: 4726: 4696: 4666: 4636: 4606: 4576: 4544: 4512: 4479: 4457: 4424: 4392: 4360: 4328: 4295: 4263: 4232: 4206: 4174: 4142: 4110: 4099:on 5 July 2009 4078: 4045: 4009: 3973: 3947: 3915: 3883: 3851: 3819: 3786: 3760: 3721: 3689: 3657: 3631: 3605: 3579: 3541: 3506: 3471: 3439: 3407: 3375: 3338: 3306: 3276: 3244: 3212: 3173: 3142: 3103: 3081: 3055: 3017: 2985: 2953: 2923: 2906:The Hans India 2893: 2878:. Al Jazeera. 2867: 2837: 2804: 2774: 2741: 2715: 2685: 2655: 2625: 2595: 2558: 2532: 2500: 2465: 2430: 2404: 2378: 2348: 2322: 2307: 2285: 2259: 2230: 2200: 2170: 2144: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2092: 2078: 2075: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2030:revolving door 2025: 2022: 2020:related work. 2016: 2013: 1946: 1943: 1904: 1901: 1891: 1888: 1861: 1858: 1840: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1783: 1780: 1732:Main article: 1729: 1726: 1697:Yashwant Sinha 1682: 1679: 1643: 1640: 1620:false positive 1591: 1588: 1558: 1555: 1455:illegal aliens 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1339:Main article: 1336: 1333: 1303: 1300: 1281:Andhra Pradesh 1264: 1261: 1179: 1176: 1161: 1158: 1073:Main article: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 953: 950: 834: 831: 790:Yashwant Sinha 750:Manmohan Singh 747:Prime Minister 736:Sebastian Paul 683: 680: 628:Prime Minister 607: 604: 602: 599: 587:digital locker 534:Chief Minister 473: 470: 402:March 2016, a 301: 300: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 261: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 247: 246: 241: 236: 231: 229:Identification 224: 220: 219: 213: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 195: 187: 186: 178: 177: 170: 166: 165: 153: 149: 148: 134: 130: 129: 116: 112: 111: 110: 109: 104:Amit Agarwal, 102: 97: 93: 92: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 57: 56: 48: 47: 26: 18:Aadhaar number 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12276: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12216: 12214: 12207: 12205: 12197: 12194: 12193: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12138:Bharat Nirman 12136: 12135: 12133: 12129: 12122: 12114: 12111: 12110: 12109: 12106: 12101: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12087: 12084: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12045: 12041: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12032: 12031: 12028: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 12000: 11999: 11996: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11931: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11919:Startup India 11917: 11915: 11914:Standup India 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11904:Make in India 11902: 11900: 11899:Digital India 11897: 11895: 11892: 11891: 11889: 11885: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11873:Setu Bharatam 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11843: 11839: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11697:Suraksha Bima 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11488: 11481: 11475: 11474:Food security 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11446: 11443: 11439: 11432: 11427: 11425: 11420: 11418: 11413: 11412: 11409: 11397: 11393: 11389: 11387: 11379: 11378: 11375: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11338: 11334: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11322:South Ossetia 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11302: 11300: 11294: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11036: 11027: 11022: 11020: 11015: 11013: 11008: 11007: 11004: 10989: 10988:Jitin Prasada 10986: 10985: 10983: 10979: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10960: 10953: 10950: 10947: 10944: 10941: 10938: 10935: 10932: 10929: 10926: 10923: 10920: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10908: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10891: 10888: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10862: 10847: 10844: 10841: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10828: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10805: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10783: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10771: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10755: 10746: 10741: 10739: 10734: 10732: 10727: 10726: 10723: 10711: 10710:United States 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10542:Faroe Islands 10540: 10539: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10512: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10481: 10474: 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