895:) had significantly undermined the Black Panther Party. This convinced many former party members of the desirability of underground existence, seeing that a new period of violent repression by the U.S federal and local government was at hand. BLA members operated under the belief that only through covert means, including but not limited to retribution, could the movement be continued until such a time when an above-ground existence was possible. The conditions under which the Black Liberation Army formed are not entirely clear. It is commonly believed that the organization was founded by those who left the Black Panther Party after
40:
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1035:(suspected to be one of the group's leaders), who was killed in a police shootout in 1973, and the second was Freddie Hilton (a.k.a. Kamau Sadiki), who evaded capture until 2002, when he was arrested in New York City on a separate charge and was recognized as one of the men wanted in the Greene murder. Apparently, the two men had attacked the officer to gain standing with their compatriots within Black Liberation Army.
5101:
201:
1043:. Two suspects died in "unrelated shootouts with cops — one in New York, and one in St. Louis, with Laurie’s gun in his car" and a third was sentenced in 2016 to 21 years for selling heroin to undercover police. Another suspect, Henry Brown, was tried for the murders and found not guilty. Evidence found at the scene has since been lost.
1200:-related disease in 1986. Alston remains active in prison support and other activist circles. Lutalo was released from prison in 2009 after serving 28 years on charges related to a shootout with a drug dealer in 1981 (and parole violation stemming from his conviction for a 1975 bank robbery), during which time he was punished with
1111:
after being pulled over for a broken taillight. Zayd Shakur and state trooper Werner
Foerster were both killed during the exchange. Following her capture, Assata Shakur was tried in six different criminal trials. According to Shakur, she was beaten and tortured during her incarceration in a number of
1017:
On August 29, 1971, three armed men murdered 51-year-old San
Francisco police sergeant John Victor Young while he was working at a desk in his police station, which was almost empty at the time due to a bombing attack on a bank that took place earlier - only one other officer and a civilian clerk
1038:
On
January 27, 1972, the Black Liberation Army assassinated police officers Gregory Foster and Rocco Laurie at the corner of 174 Avenue B in New York City. After the killings, a note sent to authorities portrayed the murders as a retaliation for the prisoner deaths during the 1971
1112:
different federal and state prisons. The charges against them ranged from kidnapping to assault and battery to bank robbery. Assata Shakur was found guilty of the murder of both
Foerster and her companion Zayd Shakur, but escaped prison in 1979. Shakur eventually fled to
1241:, were charged by a joint state and federal task force with John Young's murder. The defendants have been identified as former members of the Black Liberation Army. A similar case was dismissed in 1975 when a judge ruled that police gathered evidence through the use of
1002:
On
October 22, 1970, the BLA was believed to have planted a bomb in St. Brendan's Church in San Francisco while it was full of mourners attending the funeral of San Francisco police officer Harold Hamilton, who had been killed in the line of duty while responding to a
3336:
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1685:
2824:
When I use Assata's powerful demand in my organizing work, I always begin by sharing where it comes from, sharing about Assata's significance to the Black
Liberation Movement, what its political purpose and message is, and why it's important in our
1245:. On June 29, 2009, Herman Bell pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter in the death of Sgt. Young. In July 2009, charges were dropped against four of the accused: Ray Boudreaux, Henry W. Jones, Richard Brown and Harold Taylor. That same month,
3004:
929:"the Black Liberation Army was not a centralized, organized group with a common leadership and chain of command. Instead, there were various organizations and collectives working together and simultaneously independent of each other."
3062:
2903:
1444:, co-founder of the BLA, and established the Campaign to Free Black and New African Political Prisoners. Convicted for attempted murder in 1973 and released in 1990, subsequently winning lawsuits against the FBI and NYPD.
1678:
915:(AKA Geronimo ji Jaga), assert that the BLA "as a movement concept pre-dated and was broader than the BPP," suggesting that it was a refuge for ex-Panthers rather than a new organization formed through schism.
1010:
On May 21, 1971, as many as five men participated in the murder of two New York City police officers, Joseph
Piagentini and Waverly Jones. Those arrested and brought to trial for the shootings include
3000:
2400:
3058:
1462:(formerly James Dixon York) (died in prison August 30, 2008) and Anthony LaBorde (a.k.a. Abdul Majid) (died in prison on April 3, 2016); convicted of the murder of a police officer in 1981.
3152:
1392:(formerly Anthony Bottom); one of the New York Three convicted of killing two policemen. Released from prison in October 2020 after over 49 years of incarceration and 11 parole denials.
4808:
2286:
1219:
in Los
Angeles, being mistakenly identified as making terrorist threats on his cell phone. The charge was dropped for lack of evidence, and Lutalo settled a suit against the city of
2899:
2362:
2177:
1515:
Albert
Washington (died in prison April 28, 2000) and Herman Bell (released 2018); two of the New York Three convicted of the murder of two New York City police officers in 1971.
899:
was expelled from the party's
Central Committee. A fallout between Cleaver and other Panther leaders followed from his public criticism of the BPP, among other things accusing
5662:
2846:
933:
One such organization was the Philadelphia-based Black Unity Council, which renamed itself the Black Liberation Army in 1970, independent of BLA groups in New York and DC.
2222:
5617:
3036:
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in the United States." The BLA carried out a series of bombings, killings of police officers, random Caucasians and drug dealers, robberies (which participants termed "
4436:
1031:
was shot and killed in his patrol van at a gas station. His wallet, badge, and weapon were taken, and the evidence at the scene pointed to two suspects. The first was
1834:
1412:; American writer, director, producer, poet, activist, and educator. Member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. He was prosecuted as one of the
1297:. She escaped custody in 1979 after being convicted in the May 2, 1973 murder of New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster. Shakur has been cited as an inspiration by
2605:
2324:
5667:
3210:
3121:
943:
The newly formed BLA believed that "the character of reformism is based on unprincipled class collaboration with our enemy" and asserted the following principles:
2724:
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2013:
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17:
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1988:
5652:
4413:
3363:
1813:
Umoja, Akinyele Omowale (ed.) "Repression Breeds Resistance: The Black Liberation Army and the Radical Legacy of the Black Panther Party.",
795:
2270:
2666:
2042:
995:
report on BLA activity, the Black Liberation Army was suspected of involvement in over 70 incidents of violence between 1970 and 1976. The
2750:
5137:
4377:
2346:
5657:
3445:
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1970:
5169:
4490:
2977:
474:
2838:
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2471:
1321:, wanted for 1989 attempted murder of a New Jersey state trooper. Removed from list in December 2000 as no longer meeting criteria.
281:
1264:
Kamau Sadiki (formerly Freddie Hilton); convicted on October 13, 2002, and was sentenced to life in prison for the 1971 murder of
5677:
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5204:
4485:
3893:
2141:
1369:
649:
2218:
5632:
4793:
1714:
3026:
3001:"Former Black Liberation Army Activist Granted Parole After 49 Years and Numerous Requests, Impending Release Sparks Backlash"
2867:
1734:
1080:. The authorities there seized the ransom but allowed the group to flee. Four were eventually caught by French authorities in
4759:
2073:
424:
1919:"Assata Speaks - Hands off Assata - Let's Get Free - Revolutionary - Pan-Africanism - Black on Purpose - Liberation - Forum"
1781:
1249:
pleaded no contest to conspiracy to commit voluntary manslaughter, becoming the second person to be convicted in this case.
4500:
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2010:
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4406:
4075:
3356:
2200:
2087:
1757:
1333:
788:
643:
469:
2700:
Liberation, imagination, and the Black Panther Party : a new look at the Panthers and their legacy (pgs.137-38)
1857:"Revolutionary Action movement (RAM): A Case Study of an Urban Revolutionary Movement in Western Capitalist Society"
5229:
5209:
5189:
4982:
4299:
3911:
2219:"Evidence disappears in case of two NYPD officers killed in East Village by 3 members of the Black Liberation Army"
1629:
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701:
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248:
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691:
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1518:
Robert Seth Hayes; convicted of the murder of a NYC Transit Police Officer. Released in 2018 and died in 2019.
5334:
4070:
4045:
3903:
3786:
3174:
2601:
1450:(formerly Bernice Jones); convicted on multiple charges in 1975, escaped 1976, recaptured 1977, paroled 1983.
1158:
937:
464:
389:
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900:
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2439:
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Anthony White (a.k.a. Kimu Olugbala), and Woodie Greene (a.k.a. Changa Olugbala); died in shooting 1973.
1382:(August 23, 1943 – December 17, 2021); convicted of the murder of a police officer in 1972. Was granted
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4783:
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4520:
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4314:
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1856:
1639:
1311:; escaped convict and 1972 hijacker; living in Portugal, which has refused to extradite him to the U.S.
1061:
1052:
970:
relationships in which Black people have total and absolute control over their own destiny as a people.
479:
151:
1749:
Liberation, Imagination and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Black Panthers and Their Legacy
839:(RNA) members who served above ground before going underground, the organization's program was one of
5244:
5001:
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4334:
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3311:
Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence
1314:
1028:
996:
592:
158:
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2462:"Under Fire: The Death of the Black Liberation Army | The FBI Files S3 EP14 | Real Crime on YouTube"
5472:
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4601:
4329:
3939:
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3704:
2974:"Russell 'Maroon' Shoatz, Former Black Liberation Army Soldier And Prison Abolitionist, Dies At 78"
2065:
Crimes of the centuries : notorious crimes, criminals, and criminal trials in American history
1984:
1465:
1417:
1308:
1150:
1085:
296:
1372:, he was released in December 2022. He died in 2023. Shakur was stepfather to the late rap artist
1157:, left a guard and two police officers dead. Boudin, Gilbert and Clark along with several BLA and
5283:
5199:
4922:
4901:
4818:
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4176:
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3634:
2124:"Slaying of One of the Last Black Liberation Army Leaders Still at Large Ended a 7-Month Manhunt"
1654:
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That we must of necessity strive for the abolishment of these systems and for the institution of
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1506:; convicted in 1983 for participation in BLA actions. Repatriated in 1999 and paroled in 2006.
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https://www.jacksonville.com/story/news/2010/09/06/copy-boy-delivered-key-case/15931944007/
1211:
On January 26, 2010, Lutalo was arrested for endangering public transportation while on an
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1356:(formerly Jeral Wayne Williams); charged with conspiracy in 1979 BLA prison break of
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That in order to abolish our systems of oppression, we must utilize the science of
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3258:"Arrest on Colorado Amtrak train over alleged threat | ABC13 Houston | abc13.com"
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2017:
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2436:"The Brinks Robbery of 1981 - the Crime Library — the Explosion — Crime Library"
1948:
1773:
1261:
Kojo Bomani Sababu (formerly Grailing Brown); convicted of bank robbery in 1975.
1120:
there. Acoli was convicted of killing Foerster and sentenced to life in prison.
5533:
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5005:
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3179:
3031:
2868:"Former Black Panther Sundiata Acoli to be released from prison after 49 years"
2772:
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1430:
and later convicted of six counts of attempted murder for participation in the
1389:
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1007:. The bomb was detonated, but no one in the church suffered serious injuries.
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2900:"Sundiata Acoli, convicted in NJ state trooper's death, released from prison"
2522:
2396:
2358:
2320:
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2083:
1497:
1476:. Gilbert was released in 2021. Boudin was released in 2003 and died in 2022.
1459:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1329:
1282:
1100:
940:(RAM), cites the Black Guards, a wing of the RAM, as direct BLA forerunners.
916:
908:
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512:
99:
56:
39:
1024:
received a letter signed by the BLA claiming responsibility for the attack.
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1373:
1302:
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of $ 1 million and diverting the plane, after passengers were released, to
1032:
1004:
892:
888:
856:
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741:
537:
522:
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276:
66:
2174:"Final suspect in infamous cop-killing heads to jail — for dealing heroin"
2063:
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192:
1582:
Wayne 'Musa' Henderson; died in shooting following a prison escape, 1977
1289:—the first woman ever to make the list. She is believed to be living in
1014:, Albert Washington, Francisco Torres, Gabriel Torres, and Herman Bell.
5482:
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5436:
5329:
5052:
4533:
4324:
4304:
3984:
3801:
3791:
3735:
3649:
3568:
3483:
2245:"Man who escaped from N.J. prison 41 years ago is captured in Portugal"
1579:
Samuel Smith (a.k.a. Mtayari Shabaka Sundiata); died in shooting, 1981.
1441:
1427:
1413:
1399:
1347:
1108:
1088:—remained a fugitive until September 26, 2011, when he was captured in
880:
716:
607:
597:
174:
4391:
3341:
2554:"Ex-militants charged in S.F. police officer's '71 slaying at station"
1368:, he received a 60-year sentence in a federal prison. Incarcerated in
977:, develop this science as it relates to our unique national condition.
5431:
5016:
4711:
4661:
4538:
3872:
3257:
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1193:
967:
904:
891:, the lengthy prison sentences, and death of key members (among them
884:
736:
706:
681:
587:
562:
5115:
2068:. Chermak, Steven M., Bailey, Frankie Y. Santa Barbara, California.
1558:
Zayd Malik Shakur (formerly James F. Coston); died in shooting 1973.
1386:
due to advanced cancer and died less than two months later, in 2021.
5477:
4606:
4446:
2383:
Times, Richard J. h Johnston;Special to The New York (1974-03-16).
1536:; convicted following a shootout with a drug dealer, released 2009.
1089:
824:
721:
711:
2715:"The 19 black radicals who are still in prison after four decades"
2659:"Officer James Richard Greene, Atlanta Police Department, Georgia"
2627:"The 19 black radicals who are still in prison after four decades"
1285:(formerly JoAnne Chesimard); named on the Most Wanted list by the
843:
against the United States government, and its stated goal was to "
4977:
2466:
2345:
Times, Joseph F. Sulliv'An Special to The New York (1977-03-25).
1540:
1364:. Captured in 1986 and convicted in 1988 of participating in the
1242:
1077:
1065:
235:
3207:"Police Unions Fight to Rescind Parole for Former Black Panther"
2307:
Times, Walter H. Waggoner Special to The New York (1977-03-26).
2269:
Times, Joseph F. Sullivan Special to The New York (1977-04-26).
1539:
William Turk (a.k.a. Sekou Kambui); convicted of two murders in
1512:; convicted in 1985 for possession of explosives, released 2001.
4454:
3233:"Former Black Panther, Robert Seth Hayes, Dies at 72 - Blavity"
2523:"La Junta to settle lawsuit with man who was wrongfully jailed"
1212:
1073:
960:
872:
2142:"Office of Fulton County District Attorney Paul L. Howard, Jr"
5219:
1081:
1069:
27:
American underground, black nationalist militant organization
3143:"At parole hearing, David Gilbert described radical journey"
2271:"Assault Charges Add 26 Years To Mrs. Chesimard's Life Term"
1204:
for receiving anarchist literature. While incarcerated, the
1180:
Following the collapse of the BLA, some members — including
2839:"Ruchell Magee wins his release after 67 years in shackles"
2771:
US Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation.
1290:
1197:
1113:
3337:
Incidents attributed to the BLA on the START GTD database
2309:"Joanne Chesimard Convicted in Killing Of Jersey Trooper"
2011:"New Arrests in a Decades-Old Slaying of Police Officers"
1679:"BLACK LIBERATION ARMY AND THE PROGRAM OF ARMED STRUGGLE"
1286:
876:
1257:
BLA members in prison as of 2023 include the following:
1223:, where his arrest was made, for an undisclosed amount.
1134:
The BLA was active in the US until at least 1981 when a
1096:. American authorities may still appeal this decision.
1084:, where they were convicted of various crimes, but one—
200:
2347:"Chesimard Jury Asks Clarification of Assault Charges"
999:
blamed the BLA for the murders of 13 police officers.
3027:"The Eleventh Parole Hearing of Jalil Abdul Muntaqim"
2385:"Squire Sentenced to, Life For Killing State Trooper"
1342:(formerly Clark Edward Squire); convicted along with
1271:
Fred ‘Muhammad’ Burton; one of the Philadelphia Five.
2770:
1456:; convicted for bank robbery in 1974. Released 1985.
1092:. Portuguese courts rejected the initial pledge for
1027:
On November 3, 1971, Officer James R. Greene of the
1802:
Liberation, Imagination and the Black Panther Party
1107:were said to have opened fire on state troopers in
5618:African and Black nationalism in the United States
1745:
5663:Post–civil rights era in African-American history
4809:Bombing of the New York Department of Corrections
4511:Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy
2602:"2nd guilty plea in 1971 killing of S.F. officer"
1500:, and other incidents. Released and died in 2010.
1252:
5594:
4360:Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention
2201:"The War at Home: Remembering Foster and Laurie"
1521:John Leo Thomas; Leader of the Atlanta, GA cell.
5668:Secessionist organizations in the United States
3318:. Published by Penguin Publishing Group, 2016.
2747:"Joseph "Joe-Joe" Bowen|prisonersolidarity.com"
1746:Cleaver, Kathleen; Katsiaficas, George (2014).
1046:
4207:The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution
3059:"When will atonement come for Jalil Muntaqim?"
2804:"A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement"
5131:
4407:
4162:Charles Garry: Streetfighter in the Courtroom
3357:
1573:Melvin Kearney; died in escape attempt, 1976.
867:The Black Liberation Army gained strength as
789:
4804:Bombings of the Office of California Prisons
2420:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1576:John Clark Andaliwa; died in shooting, 1976.
1552:Frank 'Heavy' Fields, died in shooting 1971.
1524:Ronald Anderson; member of the Atlanta cell.
1472:; both sent to prison for their role in the
1350:state trooper in 1973. Released in May 2022.
5613:1981 disestablishments in the United States
1402:and later convicted for involvement in the
5138:
5124:
4414:
4400:
3364:
3350:
2578:Black Liberation Army tied to 1971 slaying
1711:"Black Liberation Army Papers (1963-1998)"
1440:(formerly Richard Earl Moore); one of the
796:
782:
5170:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
1530:Robert Brown; member of the Atlanta cell.
1237:In January 2007, eight men, labelled the
1215:train to New Jersey, after attending the
1057:On July 31, 1972, five armed individuals
5608:1970 establishments in the United States
4770:Bombing of the Presidio of San Francisco
4096:Black Power, We're Goin' Survive America
3106:"4 of 6 Are Guilty in U.S. Brink's Case"
2998:
2972:Wright, Bruce C. T. (17 December 2021).
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
1825:
1823:
911:. Others, including black revolutionary
4486:Domestic terrorism in the United States
4421:
3371:
3298:. Published by Little and Brown, 1974.
3103:
2836:
2121:
1527:Avon White; member of the Atlanta cell.
1426:(formerly Nathaniel Burns); one of the
1169:
1123:
14:
5643:Far-left politics in the United States
5595:
4491:Women's Brigade of Weather Underground
3250:
3039:from the original on February 28, 2019
2971:
2942:
2940:
2709:
2707:
2198:
1969:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1691:from the original on November 28, 2022
1549:Harold Russell; died in shooting 1971.
1012:Anthony Bottom (a.k.a. Jalil Muntaqim)
831:from 1970 to 1981. Composed of former
5145:
5119:
4760:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion
4395:
3345:
3213:from the original on 19 February 2022
2980:from the original on 18 December 2021
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2727:from the original on 19 February 2022
2680:
2639:from the original on 19 February 2022
2382:
2344:
2306:
2268:
2122:Kaufman, Michael (16 November 1973).
2039:The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP)
1820:
1570:Alfred Butler; died in shooting 1975.
1567:Timothy Adams; died in shooting 1973.
1555:Ronald Carter; died in shooting 1972.
1492:; convicted for participation in the
1482:; convicted for participation in the
1186:Donald Weems (a.k.a. Kuwasi Balagoon)
1161:members, were subsequently arrested.
1141:, conducted with support from former
425:League of Revolutionary Black Workers
5653:Organizations disestablished in 1981
4799:Bombing of the United States Capitol
4501:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, 1970s
2948:"Safiya Bukhari's "Lest We Forget"|"
1416:and spent six years incarcerated at
1406:. Died in prison 13th December 1986.
1398:(formerly Donald Weems); one of the
5100:
4471:1968 Democratic National Convention
3868:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
3086:. New York: Algonquin Books, 2012,
3007:from the original on 6 October 2021
2783:from the original on August 5, 2018
2704:
2520:
1991:from the original on August 3, 2021
1434:and other incidents. Released 2014.
986:
747:United States civil rights movement
430:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
24:
4997:Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
4789:Bombing of Marin County Courthouse
3268:from the original on 16 March 2023
3175:"The Radical Life of Kathy Boudin"
2999:Harrison, Ishek (4 October 2020).
2917:
1325:Other BLA members and associates:
1099:In another high-profile incident,
25:
5689:
5658:Organizations established in 1970
5256:Students for a Democratic Society
4845:Prairie Fire Organizing Committee
4824:1983 United States Senate bombing
4775:Bombing of the Bank of America HQ
4461:Students for a Democratic Society
4341:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
4076:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
3330:
3104:Lubasch, Arnold H. (1983-09-04).
2814:from the original on May 15, 2019
2801:
1334:Marin County Civic Center attacks
1319:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive #427
1192:— became outspoken proponents of
936:Maxwell Stanford, founder of the
644:Black Power and the American Myth
470:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
44:Logo of the Black Liberation Army
5230:Up Against the Wall Motherfucker
5190:Maoist Internationalist Movement
5099:
5090:
5089:
5078:
5066:
4373:
4372:
4300:1968 Olympics Black Power salute
3155:from the original on 11 May 2022
2880:from the original on 11 May 2022
1985:"Police Officer Harold Hamilton"
1837:from the original on 28 May 2022
1630:Black Revolutionary Assault Team
1206:Anarchist Black Cross Federation
1018:were there. Two days later, the
385:Black Revolutionary Assault Team
345:African People's Socialist Party
199:
38:
4849:May 19th Communist Organization
4506:Bill Clinton pardon controversy
4129:Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther
4061:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
3848:Deacons for Defense and Justice
3564:Jalil Muntaqim (Anthony Bottom)
3239:from the original on 2022-02-19
3225:
3199:
3187:from the original on 8 May 2022
3167:
3135:
3124:from the original on 2020-06-24
3097:
3076:
3065:from the original on 2022-03-23
3051:
3019:
2992:
2965:
2954:from the original on 2023-01-18
2906:from the original on 2022-07-12
2892:
2860:
2849:from the original on 2023-07-22
2837:Marques, Natalia (2023-07-21).
2830:
2795:
2764:
2753:from the original on 2022-05-27
2739:
2669:from the original on 2016-04-25
2651:
2619:
2608:from the original on 2011-06-29
2594:
2571:
2560:from the original on 2011-06-29
2546:
2535:from the original on 2016-03-04
2514:
2485:
2474:from the original on 2022-10-21
2454:
2428:
2403:from the original on 2020-06-22
2376:
2365:from the original on 2020-06-23
2338:
2327:from the original on 2013-10-20
2300:
2289:from the original on 2020-06-23
2262:
2251:from the original on 2011-09-30
2237:
2225:from the original on 2019-12-09
2221:. nydailynews.com. 2016-01-23.
2211:
2199:Conlon, Edward (19 July 2018).
2192:
2180:from the original on 2019-12-09
2166:
2134:
2115:
2090:from the original on 2020-06-23
2056:
2045:from the original on 2020-06-22
2027:
2003:
1977:
1937:
1911:
1892:"Message to the Black Movement"
1884:
1873:from the original on 2012-08-01
1784:from the original on 2020-11-21
1717:from the original on 2023-01-20
1615:May 19th Communist Organization
1226:
450:National Joint Action Committee
435:May 19th Communist Organization
18:Abdul Majid (black nationalist)
5678:Terrorism in the United States
5673:Socialism in the United States
4988:John Brown Anti-Klan Committee
4754:Weather High School Jailbreaks
4320:New Haven Black Panther trials
4156:In the Event Anyone Disappears
4010:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
1849:
1807:
1795:
1766:
1739:
1728:
1703:
1671:
1253:List of members and associates
871:membership declined. By 1970,
13:
1:
5633:Anti-capitalist organizations
5335:Revolutionary Action Movement
4794:Bombing at Harvard University
4765:Bombing of the National Guard
4071:New Panther Vanguard Movement
4046:Black Riders Liberation Party
1665:
1196:. Weems died in prison of an
1159:May 19 Communist Organization
981:
938:Revolutionary Action Movement
465:Revolutionary Action Movement
390:Black Riders Liberation Party
5340:Sojourner Truth Organization
5269:Revolutionary Youth Movement
4465:Revolutionary Youth Movement
4051:Black Women's Defense League
3917:United Front Against Fascism
3802:Akua Njeri (Deborah Johnson)
2779:. US Department of Justice.
2035:"Sergeant John Victor Young"
1164:
1047:1972–79: Actions and flights
862:
697:Black Power in the Caribbean
395:Black Women's Defense League
7:
5240:Young Patriots Organization
5022:Subterranean Homesick Blues
4442:Counterculture of the 1960s
4215:Judas and the Black Messiah
3899:Free Breakfast for Children
1598:
1362:FBI's top ten Fugitive #380
10:
5694:
5623:African-American socialism
5225:Symbionese Liberation Army
4828:Resistance Conspiracy case
4496:Seattle Weather Collective
4315:Murder of Betty Van Patter
4143:The Murder of Fred Hampton
4122:Interview with Bobby Seale
3283:
2777:FBI Most Wanted Terrorists
2583:February 12, 2009, at the
2176:. Nypost.com. 2016-01-07.
1640:Symbionese Liberation Army
1268:police officer Jim Greene.
1230:
1173:
1127:
1072:, eventually collecting a
1062:Delta Air Lines Flight 841
1053:American fugitives in Cuba
1050:
480:Symbionese Liberation Army
168:
152:Delta Air Lines Flight 841
5525:
5445:
5369:
5362:
5292:
5254:
5245:Youth International Party
5162:
5153:
5061:
4960:
4879:
4858:
4837:
4740:
4519:
4437:Anti-Vietnam War movement
4429:
4368:
4292:
4233:
4088:
4028:
3932:
3925:
3886:
3835:
3810:
3774:
3718:
3592:
3456:
3443:
3402:
3381:
1752:. Routledge. p. 12.
1585:Arthur 'Cetawayo' Johnson
1315:Arthur Lee Washington Jr.
1029:Atlanta Police Department
997:Fraternal Order of Police
143:
133:
121:
105:
95:
85:
75:
49:
37:
32:
5300:American Indian Movement
5293:Racial justice movements
5073:United States portal
4866:Seattle Liberation Front
4102:Black Panthers: A Report
3940:American Indian Movement
3705:Michael "Cetewayo" Tabor
1564:, died in shooting 1973.
1418:Leavenworth Penitentiary
1336:, released in July 2023.
922:Assata: An Autobiography
919:, in her autobiography,
183:This article is part of
169:Not to be confused with
5284:Worker Student Alliance
5205:Progressive Labor Party
5200:Peace and Freedom Party
4888:The Weather Underground
4814:Bombing of the Pentagon
4784:California Men's Colony
4732:Cathlyn Platt Wilkerson
4177:All Power to the People
4066:New Black Panther Party
4056:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
3960:Black Panthers (Israel)
3640:Marshall "Eddie" Conway
3534:Elbert "Big Man" Howard
1655:New Black Panther Party
1021:San Francisco Chronicle
901:Panther social programs
859:"), and prison breaks.
847:for the liberation and
702:Black Power in Montreal
573:Martin Luther King, Jr.
455:New Black Panther Party
420:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
173:, a militant outfit in
123:Political position
5195:New Communist movement
5185:George Jackson Brigade
5043:White privilege theory
4451:New Communist movement
4191:A Huey P. Newton Story
3975:George Jackson Brigade
3965:British Black Panthers
3945:Black Guerrilla Family
3529:Raymond "Masai" Hewitt
2604:. SFGate. 2009-07-07.
2556:. SFGate. 2007-01-24.
2247:. NJ.com. 2011-09-26.
2107:: CS1 maint: others (
1817:, 21.2 (1999): 131-54.
1650:Propaganda of the deed
1635:George Jackson Brigade
1625:Republic of New Afrika
1620:Black Guerrilla Family
1330:Ruchell 'Cinque' Magee
931:
837:Republic of New Afrika
656:The Diary of Malcolm X
460:Republic of New Afrika
415:George Jackson Brigade
400:British Black Panthers
380:Black Radical Congress
355:Black Guerrilla Family
231:Black Power Revolution
171:Baloch Liberation Army
5628:American bank robbers
5603:Black Liberation Army
5310:Black Liberation Army
5305:Antonio Maceo Brigade
5264:New American Movement
5002:Tate–LaBianca murders
4266:Revolutionary Suicide
4041:Black Panther Militia
3950:Black Liberation Army
3887:Programs and projects
3731:Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin
3700:Russell Maroon Shoatz
1925:on September 28, 2007
1815:New Political Science
1605:Badge of the Assassin
1591:Cliff 'Lumumba' Futch
1588:Robert 'Saeed' Joyner
1384:compassionate release
1380:Russell Maroon Shoatz
1130:Brinks robbery (1981)
927:
827:that operated in the
825:militant organization
816:) was an underground
810:Black Liberation Army
663:Revolutionary Suicide
370:Black Panther Militia
365:Black Liberation Army
33:Black Liberation Army
5235:United Freedom Front
5180:Free Speech Movement
5085:Communism portal
5047:Critical race theory
5028:Black Power movement
4909:The Company You Keep
4355:Black power movement
4330:Rice–Poindexter case
4282:Black Against Empire
4136:Finally Got the News
4089:Films and television
3209:. 26 February 2019.
3151:. 30 December 2021.
3035:. January 25, 2019.
2009:Elizabeth Solomont,
1594:Phyliss 'Oshun' Hill
1494:1981 Brink's robbery
1484:1981 Brink's robbery
1474:1981 Brink's robbery
1432:1981 Brink's robbery
1404:1981 Brink's robbery
1202:solitary confinement
1170:Anarchist sympathies
1124:1981: Brinks robbery
226:Black power movement
138:Black Power Movement
5345:White Panther Party
5320:Black Panther Party
5279:Weather Underground
4973:Communist terrorism
4951:Columbus Free Press
4423:Weather Underground
4380:Black Panther Party
4015:White Panther Party
3995:Polynesian Panthers
3746:Robert Hillary King
3665:Denise Oliver-Velez
3374:Black Panther Party
2470:. 10 October 2020.
2442:on February 9, 2015
2024:, January 24, 2007.
1899:Archive.lib.msu.edu
1833:. 7 December 2021.
1610:Weather Underground
1486:. Released in 2019.
1366:1981 Brinks robbery
1346:of the murder of a
1217:Anarchist Book Fair
1143:Weather Underground
869:Black Panther Party
490:Weather Underground
410:Five-Percent Nation
405:Conscious Community
375:Black Panther Party
216:Black Arts Movement
96:Active regions
90:Black Panther Party
5638:Clandestine groups
5548:Liberated Barracks
5274:Venceremos Brigade
5012:Attica Prison riot
4579:Elizabeth Ann Duke
4564:Judith Alice Clark
4150:Teach Our Children
4036:Assata's Daughters
3878:Robert F. Williams
3818:Stokely Carmichael
3685:George W. Sams Jr.
3625:Veronza Bowers Jr.
3514:Barbara Easley-Cox
3464:JoNina Abron-Ervin
3110:The New York Times
2389:The New York Times
2351:The New York Times
2313:The New York Times
2275:The New York Times
2128:The New York Times
2016:2016-12-20 at the
1951:on January 2, 2006
1480:Judith Alice Clark
1299:Black Lives Matter
1221:La Junta, Colorado
1208:gave him support.
1155:Judith Alice Clark
1103:, Zayd Shakur and
1041:Attica prison riot
993:Justice Department
849:self-determination
732:Red Power movement
687:Black Lives Matter
613:Stokely Carmichael
603:Robert F. Williams
583:Malik Zulu Shabazz
533:Fay Bellamy Powell
350:Assata's Daughters
221:Black is beautiful
77:Dates of operation
5590:
5589:
5555:National Guardian
5521:
5520:
5377:Theodor W. Adorno
5358:
5357:
5210:Rainbow Coalition
5154:Organizations and
5147:American New Left
5113:
5112:
4983:Rainbow Coalition
4916:American Pastoral
4657:Howard Machtinger
4598:
4481:Flint War Council
4389:
4388:
4084:
4083:
4005:The Pink Panthers
3912:Rainbow Coalition
3905:The Black Panther
3894:Ten-Point Program
3831:
3830:
3620:Dhoruba bin Wahad
3559:Joan Tarika Lewis
3479:William Lee Brent
3291:Foster and Laurie
3148:Independent.co.uk
3061:. 30 March 2021.
2808:The Feminist Wire
2521:Cardona, Felisa.
2075:978-1-61069-593-0
1831:"The End of Rage"
1562:Twymon Ford Myers
1438:Dhoruba bin Wahad
1332:; perpetrator of
822:black-nationalist
806:
805:
727:Political hip hop
650:Ten-Point Program
618:Wadsworth Jarrell
543:Gloria Richardson
302:Black nationalism
272:Africana womanism
267:African socialism
167:
166:
116:Black nationalism
16:(Redirected from
5685:
5468:Bernardine Dohrn
5427:Erik Olin Wright
5422:Raymond Williams
5367:
5366:
5315:Black Liberators
5160:
5159:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5117:
5116:
5103:
5102:
5093:
5092:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5038:Student activism
4968:Protests of 1968
4632:Michael Justesen
4596:
4569:Bernardine Dohrn
4416:
4409:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4335:Robert Templeton
4310:Intercommunalism
4293:Related articles
4274:A Taste of Power
4199:Night Catches Us
3955:Black Liberators
3930:
3929:
3853:W. E. B. Du Bois
3710:James Dixon York
3593:East Coast based
3457:West Coast based
3454:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3420:Kathleen Cleaver
3415:Eldridge Cleaver
3375:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3101:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2944:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2843:Peoples Dispatch
2834:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2723:. 30 July 2018.
2711:
2702:
2697:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2635:. 30 July 2018.
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2598:
2592:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2499:. Archived from
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2438:. Archived from
2432:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2148:. Archived from
2138:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2031:
2025:
2022:The New York Sun
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1947:. Archived from
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1921:. Archived from
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1864:Ulib.csuohio.edu
1861:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1827:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1774:"Caged panthers"
1770:
1764:
1763:
1743:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1543:. Released 2014.
1504:Silvia Baraldini
1496:, the escape of
1295:political asylum
1118:political asylum
987:1970–72: Attacks
953:anti-imperialist
897:Eldridge Cleaver
818:Marxist-Leninist
798:
791:
784:
692:Black Power gang
637:A Taste of Power
528:Eldridge Cleaver
360:Black Liberators
322:Intercommunalism
312:Black separatism
282:Anti-Americanism
203:
180:
179:
144:Battles and wars
112:Marxism-Leninism
78:
62:Eldridge Cleaver
42:
30:
29:
21:
5693:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5567:Radical America
5517:
5441:
5412:C. Wright Mills
5407:Herbert Marcuse
5382:Murray Bookchin
5354:
5288:
5250:
5215:Red Guard Party
5155:
5149:
5144:
5114:
5109:
5079:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5057:
4993:Michael Klonsky
4956:
4875:
4854:
4833:
4819:Brink's robbery
4736:
4727:Laura Whitehorn
4702:Susan Rosenberg
4594:Larry Grathwohl
4515:
4425:
4420:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4364:
4288:
4258:Blood in My Eye
4229:
4080:
4024:
4000:Red Guard Party
3926:Inspired groups
3921:
3882:
3827:
3823:Connie Matthews
3806:
3770:
3714:
3615:Kuwasi Balagoon
3600:Mumia Abu-Jamal
3588:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3398:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3333:
3286:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3127:
3125:
3102:
3098:
3082:Joseph, Jamal,
3081:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
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2881:
2876:. 11 May 2022.
2873:TheGuardian.com
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2802:Garza, Alicia.
2800:
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2720:TheGuardian.com
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2632:TheGuardian.com
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2599:
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2585:Wayback Machine
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2528:The Denver Post
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2018:Wayback Machine
2008:
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1668:
1660:Black Anarchism
1601:
1510:Susan Rosenberg
1396:Kuwasi Balagoon
1278:BLA fugitives:
1255:
1247:Jalil Muntaquim
1239:San Francisco 8
1235:
1233:San Francisco 8
1229:
1178:
1176:Black anarchism
1172:
1167:
1132:
1126:
1055:
1049:
991:According to a
989:
984:
949:anti-capitalist
865:
802:
762:
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677:
669:
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631:
623:
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578:Maulana Karenga
518:Donald DeFreeze
503:
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485:US Organization
445:Nation of Islam
340:
332:
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317:Black supremacy
287:Black anarchism
262:
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211:
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159:Brink's robbery
114:
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5498:Huey P. Newton
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5006:Charles Manson
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4684:
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4672:Mark D. Naison
4669:
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4250:Seize the Time
4246:
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4109:Black Panthers
4105:
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3787:William O'Neal
3784:
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3769:
3768:
3766:Albert Woodfox
3763:
3761:Herman Wallace
3758:
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3722:
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3719:Southern based
3716:
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3697:
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3672:
3667:
3662:
3660:Lonnie McLucas
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:W. Paul Coates
3632:
3630:Safiya Bukhari
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Ashanti Alston
3607:
3605:Sundiata Acoli
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3584:Michael Zinzun
3581:
3579:Robert Trivers
3576:
3574:Geronimo Pratt
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:George Jackson
3551:
3546:
3544:Ericka Huggins
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:B. Kwaku Duren
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:Charles Barron
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3435:David Hilliard
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3389:Huey P. Newton
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3331:External links
3329:
3328:
3327:
3316:Bryan Burrough
3307:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3249:
3224:
3198:
3183:. 7 May 2022.
3180:The New Yorker
3166:
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3096:
3075:
3050:
3032:The New Yorker
3018:
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2074:
2055:
2026:
2002:
1976:
1936:
1910:
1883:
1848:
1819:
1806:
1794:
1780:. 2005-10-11.
1778:Mondediplo.com
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1487:
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1457:
1454:Ashanti Alston
1451:
1448:Safiya Bukhari
1445:
1435:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1390:Jalil Muntaqim
1387:
1377:
1351:
1340:Sundiata Acoli
1337:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1306:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1251:
1231:Main article:
1228:
1225:
1182:Ashanti Alston
1174:Main article:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1128:Main article:
1125:
1122:
1105:Sundiata Acoli
1064:en route from
1048:
1045:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
978:
975:class struggle
971:
964:
913:Geronimo Pratt
879:sabotage (see
864:
861:
857:expropriations
833:Black Panthers
804:
803:
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553:Huey P. Newton
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324:
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5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Terry Robbins
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5488:Abbie Hoffman
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5473:David Gilbert
5471:
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4959:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4944:The Anarchist
4941:
4939:
4938:
4937:Fugitive Days
4934:
4932:
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4805:
4802:
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4797:
4795:
4792:
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4780:Timothy Leary
4778:
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4768:
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4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
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4717:Matthew Steen
4715:
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4710:
4708:
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4700:
4698:
4697:Terry Robbins
4695:
4693:
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4677:Diana Oughton
4675:
4673:
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4652:Roger Lippman
4650:
4648:
4647:Nancy Kurshan
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Michael Kazin
4635:
4633:
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4623:
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4612:Phoebe Hirsch
4610:
4608:
4605:
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4602:David Gilbert
4600:
4595:
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4574:Dianne Donghi
4572:
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4549:Silas Bissell
4547:
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4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
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4482:
4479:
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4459:
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4452:
4448:
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4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4382:
4371:
4370:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4349:Panther Power
4346:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
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4308:
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4284:
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4260:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4224:
4223:The Big Cigar
4220:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
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4182:
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4110:
4106:
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4097:
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4087:
4077:
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4069:
4067:
4064:
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4054:
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4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Gray Panthers
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
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3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Harry Haywood
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:Marion Stamps
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:Chicago based
3773:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
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3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Assata Shakur
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Larry Pinkney
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:Warren Kimbro
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
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3631:
3628:
3626:
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3540:
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3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Emory Douglas
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Bunchy Carter
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
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3418:
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3413:
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3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
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3390:
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3384:
3380:
3376:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3355:
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3348:
3347:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3267:
3263:
3262:ABC13 Houston
3259:
3253:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2953:
2949:
2943:
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2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
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2927:
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2879:
2875:
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2869:
2863:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2773:"Most Wanted"
2767:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2694:
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2684:
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2664:
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2654:
2638:
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2628:
2622:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2503:on 2016-04-16
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2417:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2364:
2360:
2356:
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2341:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2155:on 2016-07-15
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2006:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1759:9781135298326
1755:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
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1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
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1557:
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1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:Assata Shakur
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:David Gilbert
1464:
1461:
1460:Bashir Hameed
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
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1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1358:Assata Shakur
1355:
1354:Mutulu Shakur
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:Assata Shakur
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:George Wright
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:Assata Shakur
1281:
1280:
1279:
1274:Joseph Bowen.
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1244:
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1234:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:David Gilbert
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:truck robbery
1137:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1116:and received
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:Assata Shakur
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:George Wright
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
976:
972:
969:
965:
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954:
950:
946:
945:
944:
941:
939:
934:
930:
926:
924:
923:
918:
917:Assata Shakur
914:
910:
909:revolutionary
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:United States
826:
823:
819:
815:
811:
799:
794:
792:
787:
785:
780:
779:
777:
776:
771:
768:
767:
766:
765:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
673:
672:
665:
664:
660:
658:
657:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:
641:
639:
638:
634:
633:
627:
626:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
568:Marcus Garvey
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
513:Assata Shakur
511:
509:
506:
505:
499:
498:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
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463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
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438:
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431:
428:
426:
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398:
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378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
339:Organizations
336:
335:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
297:Black leftism
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
258:
257:
250:
246:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
207:
206:
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198:
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194:
191:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
160:
156:
153:
149:
148:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
108:
104:
101:
100:United States
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
74:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
57:Assata Shakur
55:
54:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5561:The Newsreel
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5526:Publications
5453:Saul Alinsky
5397:Paul Goodman
5387:Noam Chomsky
5325:Brown Berets
5309:
5020:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4930:Mother Right
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4782:escape from
4750:Days of Rage
4692:Jonah Raskin
4682:Robin Palmer
4667:Sam Melville
4642:Sharon Krebs
4559:Scott Braley
4554:Kathy Boudin
4544:Alan Berkman
4339:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4184:Public Enemy
4183:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4141:
4135:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4107:
4101:
4095:
3949:
3933:Contemporary
3904:
3858:Frantz Fanon
3741:James Forman
3726:H. Rap Brown
3690:Afeni Shakur
3680:Nile Rodgers
3675:Alex Rackley
3645:Jamal Joseph
3549:Bobby Hutton
3539:John Huggins
3524:Reggie Forte
3494:Mark Comfort
3469:Richard Aoki
3430:Fred Hampton
3410:Elaine Brown
3309:
3296:Al Silverman
3289:
3270:. Retrieved
3261:
3252:
3241:. Retrieved
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3178:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3146:
3137:
3126:. Retrieved
3109:
3099:
3084:Panther Baby
3083:
3078:
3067:. Retrieved
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3030:
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2994:
2982:. Retrieved
2967:
2956:. Retrieved
2908:. Retrieved
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2871:
2862:
2851:. Retrieved
2842:
2832:
2823:
2816:. Retrieved
2807:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2776:
2766:
2755:. Retrieved
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2718:
2671:. Retrieved
2662:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2630:
2621:
2610:. Retrieved
2596:
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2548:
2537:. Retrieved
2526:
2516:
2505:. Retrieved
2501:the original
2496:
2487:
2476:. Retrieved
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:the original
2430:
2405:. Retrieved
2388:
2378:
2367:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2329:. Retrieved
2312:
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2274:
2264:
2253:. Retrieved
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2213:
2204:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2168:
2157:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2146:Fultonda.org
2145:
2136:
2127:
2117:
2092:. Retrieved
2064:
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2038:
2029:
2021:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1979:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:the original
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:the original
1913:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:
1886:
1875:. Retrieved
1863:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1814:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1748:
1741:
1730:
1719:. Retrieved
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1673:
1534:Ojore Lutalo
1490:Marilyn Buck
1470:Kathy Boudin
1424:Sekou Odinga
1410:Jamal Joseph
1374:Tupac Shakur
1324:
1303:Alicia Garza
1277:
1256:
1236:
1227:Later trials
1210:
1190:Ojore Lutalo
1179:
1147:Kathy Boudin
1133:
1098:
1056:
1037:
1033:Twymon Myers
1026:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1005:bank robbery
1001:
990:
947:That we are
942:
935:
932:
928:
920:
907:rather than
893:Fred Hampton
889:sectarianism
885:infiltration
866:
853:black people
845:take up arms
813:
809:
807:
757:Youth rights
742:The Troubles
661:
654:
642:
635:
538:Fred Hampton
523:Elaine Brown
508:Angela Davis
364:
277:Afrocentrism
67:Twymon Myers
5513:Bobby Seale
5508:Jerry Rubin
5493:John Jacobs
5458:Bob Avakian
5417:Ho Chi Minh
5402:Che Guevara
5392:Erich Fromm
5350:Young Lords
5247:("Yippies")
5105:WikiProject
5033:Jewish left
4902:Underground
4838:Derivatives
4722:Susan Stern
4707:Robert Roth
4622:Naomi Jaffe
4617:John Jacobs
4597:(informant)
4584:Linda Evans
4529:Jane Alpert
4242:Soul on Ice
4020:Young Lords
3990:Ngā Tamatoa
3907:(newspaper)
3843:Black power
3756:Malik Rahim
3751:Pete O'Neal
3499:Aaron Dixon
3394:Bobby Seale
3217:19 February
3011:18 December
2984:18 December
2976:. Newsone.
2731:19 February
2643:19 February
2446:October 28,
1645:Vanguardism
1370:Victorville
1301:co-founder
1094:extradition
968:socialistic
959:, and anti-
957:anti-racist
752:White power
558:John Africa
548:Hakim Jamal
307:Black pride
241:Raised fist
193:Black power
5597:Categories
5483:Tom Hayden
5463:Bill Ayers
5437:Mao Zedong
5370:Influences
5330:I Wor Kuen
5053:COINTELPRO
4923:Osawatomie
4859:Associates
4627:Jeff Jones
4534:Bill Ayers
4430:Background
4325:Panther 21
4305:COINTELPRO
4029:Subsequent
3985:I Wor Kuen
3836:Influences
3792:Bobby Rush
3782:Mark Clark
3736:Mark Essex
3650:Chaka Khan
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3425:Donald Cox
3403:Leadership
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3243:2022-02-19
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3092:1565129504
3069:2023-01-19
2958:2023-01-18
2910:2023-01-18
2853:2023-07-22
2818:August 28,
2787:August 28,
2757:2022-05-11
2673:2016-04-13
2612:2016-04-13
2564:2016-04-13
2539:2016-04-13
2507:2016-04-13
2478:2022-10-21
2407:2020-06-21
2369:2020-06-21
2331:2020-06-21
2293:2020-06-21
2255:2011-09-26
2229:2019-12-08
2184:2019-12-08
2159:2016-04-13
2094:2020-06-21
2049:2020-06-21
1955:January 9,
1929:January 9,
1904:2016-04-13
1877:2016-04-13
1788:2016-04-13
1721:2023-01-20
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875:and
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247:and
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