548:
From Hama, Abdullah Pasha led his troops towards
Damascus and upon his army's arrival, the residents of the outskirts withdrew into the inner city out of fear. He was unable to capture the city, however, as a result of a mutiny. Abdullah Pasha apparently failed to pay his troops, who were in any case
493:
in 1799, seven months after his dismissal, Abdullah Pasha had several of his opponents executed by hanging at the start of his second term. One of those executed was Abu Hamza, a close ally of
Abdullah Pasha's rival, Jazzar Pasha, who ran affairs in Damascus proper along with Muhammad Aqil on behalf
563:
refused to allow the caravan to perform the pilgrimage upon their arrival to the city, despite the fulfillment of the customary payment to Mecca's inhabitants, both the wealthy and impoverished. Abdullah Pasha had refused to adhere to the
Wahhabis' demand that the security of the caravan enter the
544:
tribes. Although Hama suffered heavy civilian casualties, Jazzar's allies suffered a severe blow. In
Damascus, the mufti al-Muradi, previously appointed by Abdullah Pasha, was imprisoned by Muhammad Aqil and died in his cell. Aqil was later brought to Acre and executed on Jazzar's orders to placate
581:
According to Dick Douwes, an expert in
Ottoman history, Abdullah Pasha's rule as governor "failed to fulfill high expectations" of the Damascene population who had fared well under Abdullah Pasha's father Muhammad Pasha, and Abdullah Pasha was not remembered "as a just ruler, but as a rapacious
505:
alliance in 1803, Jazzar once again replaced
Abdullah Pasha as governor. Abdullah Pasha had led the annual Hajj caravan to the Islamic holy city, but received what was considered a humiliating reception by the Wahhabi occupiers. He was dismissed while besieging
625:. Hafiz was accommodating to the new Egyptian rulers. Abdullah Pasha's eldest son Muhammad Yadu strengthened the al-Azm family's wide array of assets when he married his paternal cousin Asiya al-Azm. Another of his sons was Ahmad Bey, who owned property at
488:
Abdullah Pasha's first term ended in 1798 after a revolt by
Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi of Aleppo. Jazzar soon became the unofficial power in the city when his troops entered the city later that year. When he was reappointed governor by Grand Vizier
549:
hesitant to confront the imperial garrison of
Damascus. After Jazzar's death in 1804, Abdullah Pasha was reassigned as governor for a third term. Jazzar's death was celebrated by the inhabitants of Damascus, who resented his brutal reign.
582:
one." However, most of the violent actions of his rule were attributed to high-ranking officials of his government, especially
Darwish Agha. Abdullah Pasha was the last member of the al-Azm family to govern Damascus.
465:. Abdullah Pasha's appointment was well received by the population of Damascus, who had prospered under the relatively long and peaceful rule of his father, as well as the other previous members of his
1006:
208:
532:. Abdullah Pasha resisted his dismissal, abruptly withdrawing from the siege to relieve Hama. On the way to the city, his troops plundered some of the hinterland villages of the
540:
areas. During the battle for Hama, Abdullah Pasha's forces decisively defeated Jazzar's allies, killing
Abdullah Agha. Many of the latter's fleeing troops were attacked by
525:
1096:
1027:
220:
1091:
629:. Fatima al-Azm was Abdullah Pasha's only daughter to get married, wedding a distant relative, Akif, the son of the Egypt-based Khadija al-Azm.
570:, a ceremonial decorated camel-borne litter. It was the first time the Hajj caravan of Syria was unable to proceed with their pilgrimage since
342:
36:
1086:
638:
1116:
1106:
643:
181:
71:
590:
Following his return to Syria and dismissal from office in Damascus, Abdullah Pasha was assigned to brief terms as
17:
928:
907:
886:
865:
490:
1076:
897:
876:
1044:
1013:
982:
951:
918:
437:
98:
420:
227:
602:
until the early 1810s. According to Douwes, he retired to his residence in Hama after serving in
1111:
571:
855:
618:
474:
470:
390:
325:
1081:
407:, the commander of the army tasked with supplying food to the pilgrim caravan returning to
878:
Murder, Mayhem, Pillage and Plunder: The History of Lebanon in the 18th and 19th Centuries
609:
Abdullah Pasha left five sons and four daughters. One of his sons, Hafiz Bey, served as a
8:
511:
924:
903:
882:
861:
965:
920:
Families in politics: Damascene factions and estates of the 18th and 19th centuries
575:
507:
110:
1101:
1048:
1017:
986:
955:
446:
394:
350:
277:
75:
24:
485:
of Damascus and ally of Jazzar, replaced with Abd al-Rahman Effendi al-Muradi.
398:
346:
291:
281:
1070:
502:
466:
424:
408:
374:
354:
301:
231:
1058:
1037:
996:
975:
944:
599:
595:
477:, who also served terms as governors. Abdullah Pasha immediately had As'ad
462:
458:
450:
403:
366:
362:
358:
185:
133:
606:, but Linda Schatkowski Schilcher writes that he died in Hama in 1809.
552:
Abdullah Pasha was removed from office for the final time in 1807, the
516:
28:
533:
454:
556:
541:
498:
478:
373:
in the 1810s. He was a member of the prominent political family,
626:
622:
566:
442:
614:
560:
537:
482:
416:
386:
59:
41:
603:
529:
521:
412:
370:
273:
857:
The Ottomans in Syria: a history of justice and oppression
899:
Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730-1831
574:. Abdullah Pasha was replaced by his senior aide
1068:
545:the outrage of the Ottoman imperial government.
818:
816:
814:
585:
445:governor), Abdullah Pasha was transferred to
811:
777:
775:
514:. Meanwhile, another ally of Jazzar and the
494:of Jazzar, who continued to reside in Acre.
349:statesman who served as the governor of the
1097:19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
729:
727:
16:For other people named Abdullah Pasha, see
699:
697:
695:
676:
674:
664:
662:
660:
658:
916:
772:
564:Islamic edifices unarmed and without the
497:Following the occupation of Mecca by the
449:in 1795. He replaced his longtime rival,
784:
724:
1092:18th-century Ottoman governors of Egypt
895:
692:
671:
655:
430:
419:). Abdullah Pasha was appointed to the
1069:
874:
853:
528:, laid siege to the Azm stronghold of
397:(1771, 1773–1783), as the governor of
917:Schilcher, Linda Schatkowski (1985).
639:List of Ottoman governors of Damascus
435:After serving one year as Aleppo's
353:(three separate terms, 1795–1807),
13:
644:List of Ottoman governors of Egypt
14:
1128:
846:
834:
825:
802:
793:
763:
754:
380:
18:Abdullah Pasha (disambiguation)
745:
736:
715:
706:
683:
1:
1087:Ottoman governors of Damascus
902:. Columbia University Press.
649:
510:to arrest an ally of Jazzar,
45:, and the family name is
520:(tax collector/enforcer) of
7:
1117:Ottoman governors of Aleppo
1007:Lokmacı Hacı Ebubekir Pasha
632:
586:Later assignments and death
369:(1809), before retiring to
209:Lokmacı Hacı Ebubekir Pasha
10:
1133:
1107:Ottoman governors of Egypt
1022:November 1798-August 1799
22:
15:
1055:
1042:
1034:
1024:
1011:
1003:
993:
980:
972:
962:
949:
941:
760:Douwes, 2000, pp. 99-100.
332:
321:
307:
297:
287:
267:
262:
258:
248:
237:
226:
214:
202:
191:
180:
170:
160:
149:
139:
127:
116:
104:
99:Ibrahim Pasha Qataraghasi
92:
81:
70:
66:
54:
896:Phillip, Thomas (2001).
875:Misaqa, Miha'il (1988).
822:Schilcher, 1985, p. 142.
389:served under his father
808:Schilcher, 1985, p. 32.
526:Abdullah Agha al-Mahmud
457:from his stronghold in
254:Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi
415:(annual pilgrimage to
393:, who was governor of
854:Douwes, Dick (2000).
831:Misaqa, 1988, p. 214.
799:Douwes, 2000, p. 119.
781:Douwes, 2000, p. 100.
769:Douwes, 2000, p. 105.
733:Phillip, 2001, p. 73.
712:Phillip, 2001, p. 71.
613:of Damascus when the
391:Muhammad Pasha al-Azm
339:Abdullah Pasha al-Azm
326:Muhammad Pasha al-Azm
790:Douwes, 2000, p. 57.
703:Douwes, 2000, p. 95.
680:Douwes, 2000, p. 93.
668:Douwes, 2000, p. 94.
431:Governor of Damascus
1077:18th-century births
840:Douwes 2000, p. 73.
512:Mustafa Agha Barbar
1028:Nasuh Pasha al-Azm
751:Douwes, pp. 95-96.
742:Douwes, pp. 98-99.
461:, then capital of
345:1783–1809) was an
221:Nasuh Pasha al-Azm
1065:
1064:
1056:Succeeded by
1025:Succeeded by
994:Succeeded by
963:Succeeded by
481:al-Mahasini, the
336:
335:
1124:
1035:Preceded by
1004:Preceded by
973:Preceded by
966:Kunj Yusuf Pasha
942:Preceded by
939:
938:
934:
913:
892:
871:
841:
838:
832:
829:
823:
820:
809:
806:
800:
797:
791:
788:
782:
779:
770:
767:
761:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
734:
731:
722:
719:
713:
710:
704:
701:
690:
687:
681:
678:
669:
666:
576:Kunj Yusuf Pasha
491:Yusuf Ziya Pasha
344:
263:Personal details
251:
242:
217:
205:
196:
173:
163:
154:
142:
130:
121:
111:Kunj Yusuf Pasha
107:
95:
86:
52:
51:
27:style name, the
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1040:
1030:
1021:
1009:
999:
990:
978:
968:
959:
947:
937:
931:
910:
889:
868:
860:. I.B. Tauris.
849:
844:
839:
835:
830:
826:
821:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
773:
768:
764:
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
737:
732:
725:
721:Phillip, p. 57.
720:
716:
711:
707:
702:
693:
689:Phillip, p. 66.
688:
684:
679:
672:
667:
656:
652:
635:
588:
447:Damascus Eyalet
433:
395:Damascus Eyalet
383:
351:Damascus Eyalet
316:
314:
312:
278:Damascus Eyalet
272:
249:
243:
238:
215:
203:
197:
192:
171:
161:
155:
150:
140:
128:
122:
117:
105:
93:
87:
82:
62:
57:
56:Abdullah al-Azm
50:
25:Ottoman Turkish
21:
12:
11:
5:
1130:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1041:
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1032:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1010:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
992:
979:
974:
970:
969:
964:
961:
948:
943:
936:
935:
929:
914:
908:
893:
887:
881:. SUNY Press.
872:
866:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:
833:
824:
810:
801:
792:
783:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
723:
714:
705:
691:
682:
670:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
641:
634:
631:
621:conquered the
587:
584:
475:Sulayman Pasha
432:
429:
399:Tripoli Eyalet
382:
379:
334:
333:
330:
329:
323:
319:
318:
311:Muhammad Yadu
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
282:Ottoman Empire
269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
256:
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218:
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68:
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64:
63:
58:
55:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1129:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Al-Azm family
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
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1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
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922:
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911:
905:
901:
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873:
869:
863:
859:
858:
852:
851:
837:
828:
819:
817:
815:
805:
796:
787:
778:
776:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
728:
718:
709:
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686:
677:
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663:
661:
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583:
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573:
569:
568:
562:
558:
555:
550:
546:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:
513:
509:
504:
500:
495:
492:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:al-Azm family
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:
428:
426:
425:Aleppo Eyalet
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Aleppo Eyalet
352:
348:
340:
331:
327:
324:
320:
310:
306:
303:
302:Al-Azm family
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
283:
279:
275:
270:
266:
261:
257:
253:
247:
241:
236:
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229:
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210:
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85:
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77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
53:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
30:
26:
19:
1059:Jazzar Pasha
1043:
1038:Jazzar Pasha
1012:
997:Jazzar Pasha
981:
976:Jazzar Pasha
950:
945:Jazzar Pasha
923:. F. Stein.
919:
898:
877:
856:
847:Bibliography
836:
827:
804:
795:
786:
765:
756:
747:
738:
717:
708:
685:
619:Muhammad Ali
610:
608:
598:and then to
596:Adana Eyalet
591:
589:
580:
565:
553:
551:
547:
515:
496:
487:
463:Sidon Eyalet
451:Jazzar Pasha
436:
434:
421:governorship
404:amir al-hajj
402:
384:
381:Early career
367:Rakka Eyalet
363:Adana Eyalet
359:Egypt Eyalet
338:
337:
250:Succeeded by
239:
216:Succeeded by
193:
176:Jazzar Pasha
172:Succeeded by
166:Jazzar Pasha
151:
145:Jazzar Pasha
141:Succeeded by
134:Jazzar Pasha
118:
106:Succeeded by
83:
46:
40:
32:
1082:1809 deaths
600:Urfa Eyalet
471:As'ad Pasha
288:Nationality
204:Preceded by
162:Preceded by
129:Preceded by
94:Preceded by
1071:Categories
1053:1795-1798
991:1799-1803
960:1804-1807
930:3515031464
909:0231123272
888:1438421990
867:1860640311
650:References
617:forces of
611:mutasallim
559:rulers of
517:mutasallim
453:who ruled
443:provincial
315:Ahmad Bey
313:Hafiz Bey
35:, the
29:given name
534:Talkalakh
427:in 1794.
411:from the
385:Abdullah
298:Relations
244:1794–1795
240:In office
198:1798–1799
194:In office
156:1795–1798
152:In office
123:1799–1803
119:In office
88:1805–1807
84:In office
1049:Damascus
1018:Damascus
987:Damascus
956:Damascus
633:See also
615:Egyptian
554:de facto
455:Damascus
361:(1798),
357:(1794),
328:(father)
308:Children
76:Damascus
33:Abdullah
23:In this
557:Wahhabi
542:Bedouin
508:Tripoli
499:Wahhabi
479:Effendi
469:, like
401:and as
347:Ottoman
292:Ottoman
1102:Pashas
927:
906:
885:
864:
627:Khitab
623:Levant
567:mahmal
375:Al-Azm
365:, and
322:Parent
317:Fatima
232:Aleppo
47:al-Azm
561:Mecca
538:Akkar
503:Saudi
483:Mufti
417:Mecca
409:Syria
387:Pasha
186:Egypt
60:Pasha
42:Pasha
37:title
1045:Wali
1014:Wali
983:Wali
952:Wali
925:ISBN
904:ISBN
883:ISBN
862:ISBN
604:Urfa
592:wali
572:1757
536:and
530:Hama
522:Homs
473:and
459:Acre
438:wali
413:Hajj
371:Hama
274:Hama
271:1809
268:Died
228:Wali
182:Wali
72:Wali
1047:of
1016:of
985:of
954:of
594:of
423:of
343:fl.
230:of
184:of
74:of
39:is
31:is
1073::
813:^
774:^
726:^
694:^
673:^
657:^
578:.
524:,
377:.
280:,
276:,
933:.
912:.
891:.
870:.
501:-
441:(
341:(
49:.
20:.
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