Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed

3771: 4410: 42: 1127:, regrouped to continue their insurgency against the TFG and oppose the Ethiopian military's presence in Somalia. Throughout 2007 and 2008, Al-Shabaab scored military victories, seizing control of key towns and ports in both central and southern Somalia. At the end of 2008, the group had captured Baidoa but not Mogadishu. By January 2009, Al-Shabaab and other militias had managed to force the Ethiopian troops to withdraw from the country, leaving behind an under-equipped African Union peacekeeping force to assist the Transitional Federal Government's troops. 436: 364: 1340: 545: 4568: 540: 3961: 4032: 394: 4549: 4529: 4505: 4481: 3721: 1259: 3612: 1120:

sustain the battle against insurgent elements in the southern part of the country. Financial support for this effort was provided by the autonomous region's government. This left little revenue for Puntland's own security forces and civil service employees, leaving the territory vulnerable to piracy and terrorist attacks.

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1016:. These close connections to Addis Ababa were a driving force behind the invasion and provoked the ICU into later adopting a bellicose stance. In 2004, Yusuf made his first foreign visit as President when he travelled to Ethiopia. During this visit he requested 20,000 Ethiopian troops to back his government. 1003:(TFG) in 2004 on the grounds that Yusuf would give up Somalia's long standing claim to the Ogaden. Before becoming president of the TFG during 2004, Abdullahi Yusuf was a member of an Ethiopian-backed coalition of warlords that had undermined a previous attempt at restoring a government in Somalia when the 900:) clan, Ahmed participated in an abortive attempt to overthrow Barre's dictatorial administration. The military coup d'état was originally planned for 12 April. However, it was instead hastily carried out a few days earlier, on 9 April, due to fears of potential leaks. Ahmed was at the time in the southern 3186:

By mid-2008, Cabdulaahi Yuusuf had also lost any support he had accumulated in the international community. Ethiopia, too, was fed up with a Somali president who only came up with military solutions for political problems. The Puntland troops supporting the president had suffered heavy casualties in

1100:

on 21 December 2006, the TFG, with the help of Ethiopian forces, wrested control of the southern part of the country and the capital, Mogadishu, from the hands of the Islamic Courts Union. By 28 December, the Transitional Federal Government had captured Mogadishu as the ICU forces fled. On 8 January

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fact finding mission to Somalia in 2005 found that the overwhelming majority of Somalis rejected troops from neighboring states entering the country. Despite significant opposition within the TFG parliament, President Yusuf made the widely unpopular decision to invite Ethiopian troops to prop up his

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Due to a lack of funding and human resources, an arms embargo that made it difficult to re-establish a national security force, and general indifference on the part of the international community, President Ahmed also found himself obliged to deploy thousands of troops from Puntland to Mogadishu to

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After opposing the Ethiopian government's claims of sovereignty over several Somali-inhabited areas that the SSDF had managed to seize control of from Barre's forces, Ahmed was detained by the local Ethiopian authorities in 1985. Mire was elected as the SSDF's new chairman the following year. Ahmed

1241:

On 29 December 2008, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed announced before a united parliament in Baidoa his resignation as President of Somalia. In his speech, which was broadcast on national radio, Ahmed expressed regret at failing to end the country's 17-year conflict. Yusuf stated that he had lost control of

834:

was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition – essentially a bloodless takeover. The putsch was spearheaded by

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over a proposed new cabinet, the latter of which Ahmed characterized as nothing more than a "clan deal". By mid-2008, President Yusuf had lost all the support he had accumulated in the international community. His primary backer, Ethiopia, had also become tired of the TFG president only offering

679:

over Puntland's presidency ensued. While Yusuf claimed his mandate had been extended, many traditional elders rejected this and chose an acting president until Jama Ali was elected in November 2001. In May 2002, with Ethiopian military assistance, Yusuf ousted Jama after accusing him of ties to

1229:

Following Guled's resignation, Abdirashid Sed, who was close to President Ahmed, said that Ahmed would announce his resignation and retirement from politics at a special session of Parliament on 29 December. According to Sed, Ahmed made this decision "because he does not want to be seen as an

1331:

Somalia's Transitional Federal Government, which Ahmed had co-founded, declared a three-day period of mourning for the late ruler and appointed a ministerial-level committee for the scheduled funeral proceedings. Somali citizens also offered their condolences and prayers, particularly in the

1162:, and on 4 January 2008, he collapsed in Baidoa and was taken to Ethiopia for treatment. Two days later, Ahmed was rushed to London for tests. He returned to Mogadishu on 16 February 2008; rebels promptly fired mortars at the presidential compound, reportedly wounding at least five people. 1242:

the country to Islamist insurgents, and blamed the international community for its failure to support the government. He further announced said that the speaker of parliament, Aden "Madobe" Mohamed, would succeed him in office per the Transitional Federal Government's

791:

in 1950. In 1954 he was included in the first batch of Somali military personnel that was taken to Italy for Officer training. The batch included Aidid, Samatar, and Gabeyre. He was promoted to the post of commander in 1960. As a soldier, he participated in the

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While it was suggested that Ahmed's resignation added chaos to the country's political landscape as Ethiopia withdrew its troops, some diplomats opined that it might have improved the prospects of striking a deal with the more moderate Islamist insurgents.

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Hussein said that Ahmed did not have the power to fire him without parliamentary approval, while Ahmed asserted that he believed Parliament would endorse the dismissal. Parliament supported Hussein in a vote on 15 December, but Ahmed nevertheless appointed

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On 14 December 2008, Ahmed announced that he had dismissed Hussein and his government, citing corruption, inefficiency, treason and failure to bring peace to the war-torn country as reasons for the dismissal. Earlier in the year, Hussein had survived a

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As President, Ahmed pledged to promote reconciliation and to set about rebuilding the country. However, his government was beset by internal disagreements and contentions with other stakeholders in Somalia. For example, he was at loggerheads with some

1502:

In 1982 SSDF was commanded by Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, who was commander of the SNA (Somali National Army) during the Ethiopian-Somali War. After deserting the Somali Army, he began to fight together with Ethiopia against the Somali

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subsequently fought for control of the region, with Ahmed emerging victorious the following year. Ahmed then served his second term as president until October 2004, when he was elected President of Somalia. He was succeeded in office by

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was fired upon his arrival, and the ensuing funeral ceremony was attended by over two thousand people. Numerous government officials and religious and clan leaders came to pay their last respects, including incumbent Puntland president

1214:

where they all agreed that the vote of confidence in support of Hussein's government never took place. Ismail Ali Nur, who spoke on behalf of the dissenting lawmakers, indicated that Somalia's constitution requires a parliament

988:(TFG), an interim federal administrative body that he had helped establish earlier in the year. He received 189 votes from the TFG Parliament, while the closest contender being, former Somali Ambassador to the United States 2636:

He was a member of an Ethiopian-backed coalition of warlords that blocked previous attempts at restoring order. As a result of this opposition, the authority of the Transitional National Government (TNG) formed in 2000 was

1588:

1065:

administration. As an institution, the TFG did not consent to or approve of the Ethiopian military intervention. No parliamentary approval was given for a decision openly opposed by a significant portion of the government.

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observes that with significant Ethiopian support, Abdullahi Yusuf was elected as the TFG president, and, under Ethiopian direction, he appointed a prime minister with connections to then-Ethiopian Prime Minister

1024:

and government members over where the administration should be based. The President and Prime Minister opposed a move to Mogadishu, citing security reasons. Consequently, Ahmed along with his Prime Minister

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The UIC leaders say they will not discuss matters with the government as long as foreign troops remain on Somali soil; and the Somali Parliament (also based in Baidoa) is equally opposed to any Ethiopian

1805:

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and Yemen, among many others, also attended the interment. President Farole gave a brief speech noting that "Abdullahi was a patriotic man whose dedication and rigidness will inspire many to come."

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northeastern Puntland region, where Ahmed is regarded as a founding father. Upon learning of Ahmed's death, Puntland Minister of State for Planning and International Cooperation, Abdulkadir Hashi,

1226:

On 24 December, the newly appointed Prime Minister Guled announced his resignation, citing that he did not wish to be "seen as a stumbling block to the peace process which is going well now."

942:, a prominent port city and the commercial capital of the northeastern part of the country. He later served as a co-chairman of the National Salvation Council of Somalia, established in 1997. 695:

region. Despite widespread opposition within the TFG and without cabinet or parliamentary approval, Yusuf controversially requested Ethiopian troops to support his administration against the

908:

reading "Wife Aborted", dated 11:00 am, 9 April 1978. Most of the people who had helped plot the coup were summarily executed, but Ahmed and several other colonels managed to escape abroad.

904:

region and was unaware of the changes to the coup plan. He later learned of the failed putsch via a secured communication network, which contained a coded two sentence message from Col.

842:

In 1975, Ahmed was released from prison and appointed by Barre as the director of a governmental agency. He later commanded the Somali National Army's (SNA) southern front in the

707:

and Yusuf was threatened with international sanctions over his refusal to support national reconciliation. The TFG parliament moved to impeach Yusuf after accusing him of being a

2903: 1182:. The agreement was met with resistance from elements within the TFG, chiefly President Yusuf. In the second half of 2008, Ahmed had been at loggerheads with then Prime Minister 3582: 3487: 4485: 4180: 2653: 1090: 1089:

that the alliance of warlords were not fighting on behalf of the government, and threatened to fire them. Indeed, members of the government who were part of the warring

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The writing was on the wall for Mr Yusuf in December 2008 when the parliament in Baidoa moved to impeach him, accusing him of being a dictator and obstacle to peace.

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After his exile from Somali politics, Ahmed was initially reported to have flown out of Baidoa back to his native Puntland in the northeast. He then arrived in

711:. On 24 December 2008, he resigned from the presidency, leading to the dissolution of his government. After he resigned he was given political asylum in Yemen. 4667: 4219: 4077: 3268: 3235: 3223: 839:, who at the time commanded the army. For refusing to support Barre's seizure of power, Ahmed was imprisoned for several years by the new military regime. 4371: 3927: 3017: 2272: 1243: 2933:"Opening Annual General Assembly Debate, Secretary-General Urges Member States to Press in Tackling Poverty, Terrorism, Human Rights Abuses, Conflicts" 1116:

neighborhoods. Yusuf announced in a radio interview that “any place from which a bullet is fired, we will bombard it, regardless of whoever is there.”

1109:

in the capital from its interim location in Baidoa. This marked the first time since in 1991 that a Somali government controlled most of the country.

1105:

raged, TFG President Ahmed entered Mogadishu for the first time since being elected to office. It was announced that the government would relocate to

2318: 954:

region in the north, eventually declaring the territory autonomous in 1998. On 23 July 1998, he was appointed the first President of Puntland by the

660:, he led SSDF forces. Frustrated by the operation's failure and the SSDF's surrender to the Somali government, the Ethiopians jailed Yusuf until the 3770: 958:

Council of Elders legislature, and served in this capacity until his term expired on 1 July 2001. However, Ahmed wanted his tenure extended. He and

4224: 3949: 3687: 2437: 4332: 4165: 3709: 2521: 2210: 2018: 4234: 2245: 1458: 2495: 1238:

In December 2008, the TFG parliament moved to impeach President Abdullahi Yusuf, accusing him of being a dictator and an obstacle to peace.

1336:

that "President Yusuf's death marks a huge loss for the Somali people and especially for Puntlanders. He was a great patriot & friend".

2424:

CSIS Africa notes: a publication of the African Studies Program of the Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies

1219:

of no less than 139 MPs present for votes, but that "only 95 MPs" showed up as opposed to the 143 members of parliament claimed by Speaker

514: 3822: 1123:

Following this defeat, the Islamic Courts Union splintered into several different factions. Some of the more radical elements, including

1004: 919:

formed a rebel movement called the Somali Salvation Front, with Ahmed serving as chairman. The organization was subsequently renamed the

672: 3586: 4672: 4509: 4292: 3842: 3355: 2907: 1175: 1146:. The attack killed four of Ahmed's bodyguards as well as Ahmed's brother. Six attackers were also slain in the subsequent gun battle. 1057: 1000: 688: 519: 4070: 2150: 1171: 3434: 1601: 1640:

with the help of the Ethiopian army, Colonel Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed retook control of Puntland by ousting his rival, Jama Ali Jama.

3145: 934:

Ahmed subsequently returned to Somalia. In 1992, he marshalled forces to successfully expel an Islamist extremist group linked to

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in the 1990s. In early December 2007, he was admitted to a hospital in Nairobi for treatment of what his spokesman described as

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was dedicated to him. On 25 March 2012, the former president was then taken to his hometown of Galkacyo for a state burial. A

4229: 4139: 1850: 1553: 1526: 1495: 1392: 1344: 1767:

All the available evidence amply reveals that the transitional government did not consent to the invasion as an institution.

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in the southwest to the town of Negheille. For his efforts, Ahmed was again decorated for courage, but would remain a

4391: 2407: 1093:(ARPCT) were sacked. Others left the government in disaffection following the victories of the Islamic Courts Union. 1034: 920: 883: 653: 610: 470: 3717: 3451: 4585: 4185: 4175: 3882: 1931: 1434: 691:(TFG). He received Ethiopia's backing and approval, in exchange for dropping Somalia's long-standing claim to the 4657: 3935: 1352: 985: 981: 764: 618: 617:

state of Somalia, the latter of which he served as the first president. In 2004, Yusuf also helped establish the

2792:"Self-defence, Intervention by Invitation, or Proxy War? The Legality of the 2006 Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia" 1896: 1739:"Self-defence, Intervention by Invitation, or Proxy War? The Legality of the 2006 Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia" 4652: 4454: 4086: 3969: 3760: 3695: 2605:

The TFG had Ethiopia's approval on the basis that under Yusuf, Somalia will rest its claim to the Ogaden region

2109: 1725:

The TFG had Ethiopia's approval on the basis that under Yusuf, Somalia will rest its claim to the Ogaden region

1097: 700: 2736:

Most Somalis, including a significant chunk of the government, are deeply opposed to any foreign intervention.

2678: 1942:

Abdullahi Yusuf stepped down Monday, dissolving his U.N.-backed government because he said he had lost control

4637: 4376: 4209: 4103: 3872: 3802: 3732: 3665: 808: 622: 334: 2569:"Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia" 1689:"Rejecting African Solutions to African Problems: The African Union and the Islamic Courts Union in Somalia" 923:(SSDF) in 1979. It was the first of several opposition groups dedicated to ousting Barre's regime by force. 4642: 3542: 3622: 2325: 2279: 815:(Военная академия им. М. В. Фрунзе), an elite institution reserved for the most qualified officers of the 4461: 4312: 4262: 326: 97: 2151:"MFA Press Statement: Working Visit of President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed of Somalia, 7 to 9 November 2006" 4307: 4202: 3782: 3422: 2448: 1419: 1078: 756: 330: 3100: 4647: 4381: 3965: 3897: 2869:"President Yusuf made the failed and unpopular decision to call in troops from neighbouring Ethiopia" 2568: 1901: 1688: 1365: 1030: 135: 3021: 2249: 1462: 1266:("Struggle and Conspiracy: A Memoir") and other books on display at the 2012 Somali Culture Fair in 4322: 3675: 2499: 1220: 999:

The Ethiopian government heavily backed the presidency of Abdullahi Yusuf and the formation of the

879: 831: 641: 122: 3306: 3174:

Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions

2833: 1783: 927:

would remain imprisoned until his release in 1990, following the demise of Ethiopia's then-ruling

854:, as well as frontline deputies Col. Abdulkadir Berked of Begedi of Afgio and Col. Ahmed Ilgir of 671:

government in 1998. He later joined an Ethiopian-backed coalition of warlords opposing the Somali

4345: 4297: 2981: 1875: 1355:

in Mogadishu, where the Bombay army band conducted a military funeral service in his honor and a

863: 661: 532: 2932: 2422:

Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies. African Studies Program,

2158: 996:, peacefully withdrew his candidature. Ahmed was sworn in a few days later on 14 October 2004. 4449: 4386: 4190: 3832: 3658: 3199: 1409: 1356: 1200: 993: 935: 110: 3567: 656:

in Ethiopia and began fighting alongside Ethiopian forces against the Somali army. During the

4471: 4340: 4287: 4257: 3902: 3892: 3181: 1936: 1404: 1192: 1155: 1102: 989: 496: 2017: 4632: 4627: 4432: 4355: 4214: 3887: 3755: 3725: 3122: 2076: 1606: 1429: 1377: 1290: 1282:, on 20 January 2009, along with his wife and 17 family members and guards. On 21 January, 1124: 905: 851: 715: 696: 629: 606: 234: 57: 1957: 8: 4558: 4442: 4021: 3862: 3351: 1373: 1308:). He began a promotional European tour for the book late in the year and in early 2012. 797: 788: 435: 127: 80: 823: 4539: 4514: 4495: 4437: 4006: 3812: 3149: 2986: 2843: 2769: 2596: 1793: 1716: 1439: 1391:

In commemoration of the late leader, the Galkayo Airport was officially renamed as the

1369: 1183: 1026: 964: 739: 214: 182: 158: 93: 88: 84: 1324:. He had been receiving treatment for several weeks at the Zayed Military Hospital in 1085:

reported that there were interim government forces in action. However, Ahmed told the

992:, got 79 votes in the third round of voting. The then incumbent President of Somalia, 4272: 4011: 3623:

Declassified CIA report from 1970s describing Yusuf's activities in exile in Ethiopia

3543:"Former Somali President and founder of Puntland, Abdulahi Yusuf Ahmed dies in Dubai" 2991: 2811: 2761: 2720: 2600: 2588: 2403: 2373: 2204: 2105: 1906: 1860: 1758: 1720: 1708: 1662: 1549: 1522: 1491: 1414: 1050: 771: 296: 41: 4490: 4350: 4267: 4252: 4170: 4098: 2803: 2580: 1750: 1700: 649: 509: 2710: 2584: 1704: 1320:

announced that Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed had died at age 77 from complications due to

984:

the neighbouring Kenyan capital of Nairobi, Ahmed was elected as President of the

4590: 4317: 4282: 4277: 4160: 4134: 4129: 4124: 3741: 3359: 3248: 2397: 2099: 1988: 1543: 1516: 1487:

Anatomy of Violence: Understanding the Systems of Conflict and Violence in Africa

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During fierce fighting in Mogadishu in early 2007, the Ethiopian army reportedly

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Over the next few years, Ahmed emerged as the pre-eminent leader of his native

1339: 774:. The couple had two sons and two daughters in addition to six grandchildren. 667:

After his release, Yusuf returned to his home region and helped establish the

4621: 4573: 4466: 4108: 4055: 4016: 4001: 3991: 3015: 2995: 2815: 2791: 2765: 2724: 2658: 2592: 1910: 1762: 1738: 1712: 1666: 1360: 1286:

reported that Ahmed was granted political asylum in Yemen, where he resided.

1106: 1061: 959: 746: 676: 266: 253: 2807: 2438:"Somalia: Civil War, intervention and withdrawal 1990–1995 (July 1995), p.6" 2370:

Struggle and Conspiracy: A Memoir (Halgan iyo Hagardaamo: Taariikh Nololeed)

1754: 826:

to Moscow. On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of

819:

armies and their allies. He received additional military training in Italy.

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smashed his vehicle into Ahmed's convoy outside the National Parliament in

1013: 859: 812: 544: 348: 3628: 3397: 539: 4425: 3857: 3462: 2829: 1779: 1657: 816: 2148: 1223:. Nur urged people to "watch video footage recorded from that session." 3792: 2838: 2773: 2749: 2649: 2139:, Issues 94–105, (New People Media Centre: Comboni Missionaries, 2005). 1962: 1788: 1283: 1195:

after having been accused by some lawmakers of embezzling state funds.

1159: 1008: 955: 893: 843: 836: 804: 743: 704: 645: 637: 411: 344: 321: 1060:, deeply opposed any foreign military intervention on Somali soil. An 4031: 3750: 2688: 2683: 2545: 1325: 1321: 1275: 760: 681: 393: 230: 3514:"Somalia: Former President Abdullahi Yusuf to be buried in Puntland" 4553: 4534: 4415: 3960: 3328: 2873: 2622: 2101:

The collapse of the Somali state: the impact of the colonial legacy

1993: 1823: 1626: 1574: 1381: 1267: 1179: 1139: 1056:

The majority of Somali society, including much of the newly formed

951: 912: 855: 847: 827: 708: 668: 614: 244: 3018:"USCIRF Annual Report 2009 – The Commission's Watch List: Somalia" 2399:

Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, Volume 20

2246:"Profile: Somali's newly resigned President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed" 1897:"Amid growing international pressure, Somalia's president resigns" 4548: 4504: 4480: 3728: 3720: 2473: 2039: 1333: 1258: 1038: 1021: 867: 742:. His family hailed from the Omar Mahmoud sub clan of the larger 735: 727: 602: 210: 3546: 3249:"Somalia: PM Nur Adde Confidence Vote 'Never Happened' – 80 MPs" 892:

In 1978, together with a group of officials mainly from his own

3611: 2947: 1855: 1297: 1216: 1211: 1143: 1046: 1042: 939: 692: 1385: 1279: 1049:, where the TFG resided until the government eventually took 897: 749: 731: 3016:

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1 May 2009).

2149:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore (6 November 2006).

2019:"Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Former Somali Strongman, Dies at 77" 1210:

reported that 80 members of parliament held a conference in

3101:"Mortar attack on Somali president's residence wounds five" 2185:"SOMALIA: Former Somalia president dies 87 (Brief History)" 1091:

Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism

928: 901: 755:

For his post-secondary education, Ahmed studied law at the

352: 2711:"Sending African troops into Somalia 'would trigger war'" 1874:

Gettleman, Jeffrey; Ibrahim, Mohamed (23 December 2008).

1328:, but had fallen into a coma over the previous few days. 1086: 1082: 858:

serving as his deputies. Ahmed was assigned to lead the

703:

in December 2008, much of the country had fallen to the

3629:"Wax ka ogow Cabdullaahi Yusuf Axmed, aabaha Puntland" 2498:. News.xinhuanet.com. 13 November 2004. Archived from 2367: 2248:. News.xinhuanet.com. 29 December 2008. Archived from 1233: 1178:

signed a ceasefire agreement after months of talks in

675:(TNG) formed in 2000. In 2001, a power struggle with 652:. Following the coup's failure, Yusuf established the 3356:"Impeachment Proceedings Begun Against Somali Leader" 1203:

as Prime Minister to replace Hussein on 16 December.

850:, with assistance from 60th division commandant Col. 640:

against Ethiopia. After Somalia's defeat in 1978, he

2906:. Garoweonline.com. 25 December 2008. Archived from 2796:

African Journal of International and Comparative Law

1743:

African Journal of International and Comparative Law

873: 4372:

2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash

3307:"Key Somali official says president to quit Monday" 1989:"Somalia's ex-leader Abdullahi Yusuf dies in exile" 3148:. Uk.reuters.com. 14 December 2008. Archived from 970: 4683:Deaths from pneumonia in the United Arab Emirates 3585:. Garoweonline.com. 25 March 2012. Archived from 3516:. Garoweonline.com. 24 March 2012. Archived from 3274: 1602:"About 30 killed in renewed fighting in Puntland" 1483: 601:‎; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012) was a 4619: 2073:"New president offers hope for war-torn Somalia" 1873: 726:Abdullahi Yusuf was born on 15 December 1934 in 3398:"Last Ethiopian troops leave Somalia's capital" 2496:"Somali PM optimistic about rebuilding country" 1187:military answers to serious political issues. 4663:Members of the Transitional Federal Parliament 4085: 3545:. Puntlandi.com. 23 March 2012. Archived from 3380: 3378: 3376: 2927: 2925: 2785: 2783: 822:Between 1965 and 1968, he served as Somalia's 4668:Somali Salvation Democratic Front politicians 4071: 3943: 3703: 3537: 3535: 3390: 2861: 2741: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2182: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 1289:Yusuf spent the remainder of his life in the 980:On 10 October 2004, in a session held by the 975: 563: 3583:"Somalia: Col. Abdullahi Yusuf laid to rest" 2982:"Somali Battles Bring Charges of War Crimes" 2426:, issues 156–179, (The Program: 1994), p. 3. 2230:, (Twenty-First Century Books: 2007), p. 70. 1958:"Yemen grants asylum to ex-Somali president" 1932:"Amid Chaos, Somalia's President Steps Down" 1851:"Beleaguered Somali president set to resign" 1730: 374: 4166:Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa 3823:Transitional National Government of Somalia 3568:Abdulkadir Hashi (ministerhashi) on Twitter 3435:"Yemen agrees to host former Somali leader" 3373: 3236:"Somali president names new prime minister" 3224:"Somali president sacks PM, PM stands firm" 2922: 2834:"Somalia for the Somalis: An idea in peril" 2780: 2222: 2220: 2209:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2178: 2176: 2097: 2091: 1876:"Somali President to Resign, Officials Say" 1784:"Somalia for the Somalis: An idea in peril" 70:14 October 2004 – 29 December 2008 4078: 4064: 4030: 3950: 3936: 3843:Transitional Federal Government of Somalia 3710: 3696: 3577: 3575: 3532: 3506: 2904:"Somalia: Guide to Puntland Election 2009" 2679:"Tentative hope and little else - Somalia" 2466: 2435: 2402:. Africa Research Limited. p. B-394. 2356:Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography 2343: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2135:New People Media Centre (Nairobi, Kenya), 2054: 1952: 1950: 1542:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). 1518:Failed States: When Governance Goes Wrong! 1165: 609:. He was one of the founders of the rebel 570: 556: 478:President of Somalia,President of Puntland 40: 3350: 3269:"More turmoil in Somalia as new PM quits" 2979: 2540: 2538: 1172:Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia 3480: 3219: 3217: 2898: 2896: 2676: 2391: 2389: 2372:. Scansom Publishers. pp. 120–122. 2217: 2173: 1490:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 193. 1338: 1306:Halgan iyo Hagardaamo: Taariikh Nololeed 1264:Halgan iyo Hagardaamo: Taariikh Nololeed 1257: 1130: 1096:After the start of the new phase of the 945: 648:in April 1978, marking the start of the 148:1 August 1998 – 13 October 2004 3572: 3488:"Former Somali President dies in Dubai" 3146:"Somali president sacks prime minister" 2747: 2566: 2488: 2429: 2361: 2310: 2233: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2032: 2015: 1947: 1848: 1686: 1541: 862:offensive in 1977, which extended from 687:In 2004, Yusuf became president of the 16:Former President of Somalia (1934–2012) 4620: 4293:Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007) 3561: 3200:"Somalia's New Prime Minister Resigns" 2789: 2535: 2142: 2040:"Index Ah-Al – Ahmed, Abdullahi Yusuf" 1736: 484:1998-2004(Puntland),2004-2008(Somalia) 4059: 3931: 3691: 3444: 3425:, Reuters (FT.com), 29 December 2008. 3214: 3170: 2961:from the original on 18 February 2007 2893: 2881:from the original on 31 December 2008 2828: 2677:Cobb Jr., Charles (22 January 2007). 2648: 2514: 2395: 2386: 2316: 2305:Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations 2270: 2264: 1983: 1981: 1894: 1778: 1393:Abdullahi Yusuf International Airport 1345:Abdullahi Yusuf International Airport 605:politician and former colonel in the 2708: 2670: 2416: 2118: 2098:Ciisa-Salwe, Cabdisalaam M. (1996). 1895:Adams, Jonathan (29 December 2008). 1849:Sanders, Edmund (25 December 2008). 1514: 1484:Gebrewold-Tochalo, Belachew (2009). 803:Ahmed obtained a degree in Military 4303:Battle of Mogadishu (November 2007) 4198:2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive 4181:Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts 4041: 3164: 3110: 3065:"Somalia's leader 'has bronchitis'" 3044:"Somali leader survives bomb blast" 2980:Gettleman, Jeffrey (6 April 2007). 2754:Review of African Political Economy 1521:. Horn Heritage. pp. 240–241. 1347:in honour of Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. 1234:Impeachment attempt and resignation 1170:During June 2008, a faction of the 738:. The city was at the time part of 598: 13: 3769: 3490:. Africareview.com. Archived from 3385:"Somalia's president quits office" 3282:"Somali leader quit threat denied" 2016:Ibrahim, Mohamed (23 March 2012). 1978: 1614: 1253: 1149: 1029:and the Speaker of the Parliament 763:. He later moved abroad to pursue 628:Yusuf was a career soldier in the 14: 4694: 4673:Somali National University alumni 4220:Somali Reconciliation Conferences 3604: 3089:"Sick Somali president in London" 3077:"Somali interim leader collapses" 2955:"Warring Somali ministers warned" 2522:"Somalia MPs elect new president" 1380:. International delegations from 1302:Struggle and Conspiracy: A Memoir 1035:Transitional Federal Institutions 982:Transitional Federal Parliamentin 921:Somali Salvation Democratic Front 874:Somali Salvation Democratic Front 654:Somali Salvation Democratic Front 611:Somali Salvation Democratic Front 515:Transitional federal institutions 4566: 4547: 4527: 4503: 4479: 4408: 3959: 3774:Seal of the President of Somalia 3719: 3610: 3423:"Somali President Yusuf resigns" 3324:"Profile: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed" 2654:"Ethiopia's Invasion of Somalia" 2618:"Profile: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed" 2358:, (Nova Publishers: 2002), p.25. 2307:, (Worldmark Press: 1988), p.290 1819:"Profile: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed" 1570:"Profile: Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed" 1545:Historical Dictionary of Somalia 1435:Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle 1376:, and Prime Minister of Somalia 1316:On 23 March 2012, relatives and 1262:Copies of Ahmed's autobiography 1005:Transitional National Government 870:throughout his military career. 730:, situated in the north-central 721: 673:Transitional National Government 543: 538: 434: 392: 362: 4607:Somali Civil War (2009–present) 4510:Transitional Federal Parliament 4043: 3428: 3416: 3344: 3316: 3300: 3262: 3241: 3229: 3202:. Rttnews.com. 24 December 2008 3192: 3138: 3094: 3082: 3070: 3058: 3036: 3009: 2973: 2822: 2702: 2642: 2610: 2560: 2368:Ahmed, Abdullahi Yusuf (2012). 2297: 2187:. Raxanreeb.com. Archived from 2075:. Yobserver.com. Archived from 2009: 1924: 1888: 1867: 1842: 1811: 1772: 1661:(in German). 26 November 2001. 1622:"Ethiopian troops 'in Somalia'" 1548:. Scarecrow Press. p. 16. 1353:Aden Adde International Airport 1230:obstacle to peace in Somalia". 1058:Transitional Federal Government 1001:Transitional Federal Government 986:Transitional Federal Government 971:Transitional Federal Government 777: 699:during 2006. By the end of the 689:Transitional Federal Government 619:Transitional Federal Government 520:Transitional Federal Government 4678:Frunze Military Academy alumni 4455:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki 4156:History of Somalia (1991–2006) 2709:Rice, Xan (11 November 2006). 2567:Cocodia, Jude (3 April 2021). 2324:. WardheerNews. Archived from 2278:. WardheerNews. Archived from 1687:Cocodia, Jude (3 April 2021). 1680: 1653:"SOMALIA: Blutiger Machtkampf" 1645: 1594: 1562: 1535: 1508: 1477: 1451: 782: 1: 4392:2008 Hargeisa–Bosaso bombings 4377:February 2008 Bosaso bombings 3803:Interim Government of Somalia 3387:, BBC News, 29 December 2008. 3171:Hoehn, Markus Virgil (2018). 2790:Khayre, Ahmed Ali M. (2014). 2748:Samatar, Abdi Ismail (2006). 2585:10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 1737:Khayre, Ahmed Ali M. (2014). 1705:10.1080/19392206.2021.1922026 1072: 911:Later that year, in adjacent 809:M. V. Frunze Military Academy 794:1964 war against the Ethiopia 701:Ethiopian military occupation 335:M. V. Frunze Military Academy 247:, Qabuuraha Cabdulaahi Yuusuf 3311:International Herald Tribune 3105:International Herald Tribune 3067:, BBC News, 5 December 2007. 1368:, former Puntland president 1343:Galkayo Airport, renamed to 1296:In 2011, Ahmed released his 7: 4313:Battle of Beledweyne (2008) 4263:Battle of Beledweyne (2006) 3873:Federal Republic of Somalia 3091:, BBC News, 7 January 2008. 3079:, BBC News, 4 January 2008. 3020:. Unhcr.org. Archived from 2445:WRITENET Country Papers, UK 1398: 830:, Somalia's then President 327:Somalia National University 98:Mohamoud Mohamed Gacmodhere 10: 4699: 4308:Battle of Mogadishu (2008) 4087:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 3783:Somali Democratic Republic 3118:"TFG on brink of collapse" 2750:"The Miracle of Mogadishu" 2319:"Brothers in Arms Part II" 1420:Abdirizak Mohamud Abubakar 1079:Second Battle of Mogadishu 976:Establishment and overview 877: 757:Somali National University 331:Military Academy of Modena 4601: 4400: 4382:Al-Hidaya Mosque massacre 4364: 4331: 4245: 4210:Ethiopian–Somali conflict 4148: 4117: 4104:Ethiopian–Somali conflict 4093: 4039: 4028: 3977: 3966:President of the Puntland 3911: 3871: 3841: 3821: 3801: 3781: 3767: 3740: 3672: 3663: 3655: 3650: 2273:"Brothers in Arms Part I" 1902:Christian Science Monitor 1366:Abdirahman Mohamud Farole 1031:Sharif Hassan Sheikh Aden 658:1982 Ethiopian-Somali War 421: 403: 388: 383: 370: 358: 340: 320: 310: 302: 292: 282: 240: 220: 197: 192: 188: 176: 164: 152: 141: 136:President of the Puntland 133: 116: 104: 74: 63: 55: 51: 39: 30: 23: 4323:Battle of Kismayo (2008) 4203:2006 Battle of Mogadishu 3676:Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe 3271:, AFP, 24 December 2008. 3238:, AFP, 16 December 2008. 3226:, AFP, 14 December 2008. 3046:. BBC. 18 September 2006 2546:"Somalia – October 2004" 1515:Dool, Abdullahi (1998). 1445: 1311: 1135:On 17 September 2006, a 1041:to the Somali cities of 832:Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 443:This article is part of 314:Russian Military School 31: 4346:Battle of Bargal (2007) 4298:Battle of Bargal (2007) 2808:10.3366/ajicl.2014.0090 1755:10.3366/ajicl.2014.0090 1351:Ahmed was flown to the 1166:Dismissal of government 1033:helped to relocate the 632:, participating in the 621:(TFG), which he led as 613:(SSDF), as well as the 591:Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed 497:Establishment(Puntland) 316:Ukrainian Military Camp 4658:Presidents of Puntland 4450:al-Itihaad al-Islamiya 4387:2008 Mogadishu bombing 3775: 3659:Abdiqasim Salad Hassan 2548:. Rulers. 1 March 2005 1410:Abdullah Mohamed Fadil 1348: 1271: 1201:Mohamoud Mohamed Guled 1007:(TNG) formed in 2000. 994:Abdiqasim Salad Hassan 967:as interim president. 936:Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya 625:from 2004 until 2008. 590: 375: 267:6.784778°N 47.445333°E 111:Abdiqasim Salad Hassan 4653:Presidents of Somalia 4520:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 4472:Aden Hashi Farah Aero 4341:Battle of Ras Kamboni 4288:Battle of Ras Kamboni 4258:Battle of Bandiradley 3997:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 3982:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 3773: 3617:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 3182:Rift Valley Institute 2957:. BBC. 13 June 2006. 2396:Legum, Colin (1989). 1937:National Public Radio 1405:Hussein Kulmiye Afrah 1342: 1261: 1221:Adan "Madobe" Mohamed 1193:vote of no confidence 1131:Assassination attempt 1103:Battle of Ras Kamboni 990:Abdullahi Ahmed Addou 946:President of Puntland 770:Ahmed was married to 662:Derg regime collapsed 583:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 454:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 25:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed 4638:Ethnic Somali people 4433:Islamic Courts Union 4356:Dhusamareb airstrike 4215:Insurgency in Ogaden 3756:Abdirashid Shermarke 3666:President of Somalia 3619:at Wikimedia Commons 3354:(18 December 2008). 3352:McCrummen, Stephanie 3313:), 28 December 2008. 3309:, Associated Press ( 3123:The New Humanitarian 3107:), 17 February 2008. 3103:, Associated Press ( 2877:. 30 December 2008. 2354:Nina J. Fitzgerald, 2104:. HAAN. p. 94. 1940:. 29 December 2006. 1607:The New Humanitarian 1430:Abdullahi Ahmed Irro 1378:Abdiweli Mohamed Ali 1291:United Arab Emirates 1051:control of Mogadishu 938:that had taken over 906:Abdullahi Ahmed Irro 852:Abdullahi Ahmed Irro 846:against neighboring 789:Somali National Army 716:United Arab Emirates 697:Islamic Courts Union 630:Somali National Army 623:President of Somalia 607:Somali National Army 491:Government(Puntland) 235:United Arab Emirates 171:position established 58:President of Somalia 4643:People from Galkayo 4559:Mohamed Warsame Ali 4443:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 4022:Said Abdullahi Deni 3441:), 21 January 2009. 2935:. Unis.unvienna.org 2844:Mail & Guardian 2502:on 21 November 2004 2228:Somalia in Pictures 2183:dalnuurshe01 says. 2161:on 5 September 2013 2079:on 10 February 2013 1794:Mail & Guardian 1465:on 15 November 2013 1374:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 504:Government(Somalia) 272:6.784778; 47.445333 263: / 128:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 81:Muhammad Abdi Yusuf 4540:Mohamud Muse Hersi 4515:Ali Mohammed Ghedi 4496:Mohamed Omar Habeb 4438:Hassan Dahir Aweys 4007:Mohamud Muse Hersi 3776: 3651:Political offices 3332:. 29 December 2008 3288:. 25 December 2008 3184:. pp. 75–76. 3126:. 17 November 2008 2987:The New York Times 2832:(15 August 2006). 2666:on 20 August 2007. 2626:. 29 December 2008 2317:Ahmed III, Abdul. 2271:Ahmed III, Abdul. 1827:. 29 December 2008 1782:(15 August 2006). 1578:. 29 December 2008 1440:Mohamed Osman Irro 1370:Mohamud Muse Hersi 1349: 1272: 1184:Nur Hassan Hussein 1154:Ahmed underwent a 1027:Ali Mohammed Ghedi 965:Mohamed Abdi Hashi 837:Mohamed Siad Barre 740:Italian Somaliland 718:on 23 March 2012. 714:Yusuf died in the 644:against President 416:Border War of 1982 408:Border War of 1964 398:Lieutenant colonel 215:Italian Somaliland 183:Mohamed Abdi Hashi 159:Mohamed Abdi Hashi 94:Nur Hassan Hussein 89:Salim Aliyow Ibrow 85:Ali Muhammad Ghedi 4615: 4614: 4273:Fall of Mogadishu 4053: 4052: 4012:Abdirahman Farole 3925: 3924: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3673:Succeeded by 3615:Media related to 3589:on 3 January 2013 3452:"mudugonline.com" 3404:. 15 January 2009 2652:(16 April 2007). 2454:on 7 January 2006 2252:on 1 January 2009 2226:Janice Hamilton, 1966:. 21 January 2009 1861:Los Angeles Times 1610:. 2 January 2003. 1555:978-0-8108-6604-1 1528:978-0-9525241-9-9 1497:978-0-7546-7528-0 1415:Ismail Ali Abokor 1278:, the capital of 1077:In May 2006, the 880:1978 coup attempt 787:Ahmed joined the 772:Hawa Abdi Samatar 642:led a failed coup 599:عبدالله يوسف أحمد 580: 579: 487: 463: 462: 425: 424: 297:Hawa Abdi Samatar 33:عبدالله يوسف أحمد 4690: 4648:Somalian Muslims 4572: 4570: 4569: 4552: 4551: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4508: 4507: 4491:Abdi Hasan Awale 4484: 4483: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4351:Dobley airstrike 4268:Battle of Jowhar 4253:Battle of Baidoa 4171:Somali Civil War 4099:Somali Civil War 4080: 4073: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4047: 4034: 3964: 3963: 3952: 3945: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3917: 3724: 3723: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3689: 3688: 3679: 3656:Preceded by 3648: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3614: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3579: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3539: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3467: 3461:. 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3653: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3625: 3620: 3606: 3605:External links 3603: 3601: 3600: 3571: 3560: 3549:on 23 May 2012 3531: 3520:on 6 June 2012 3505: 3479: 3443: 3427: 3415: 3389: 3372: 3343: 3315: 3299: 3273: 3261: 3240: 3228: 3213: 3191: 3163: 3137: 3109: 3093: 3081: 3069: 3057: 3035: 3024:on 10 May 2011 3008: 2972: 2946: 2921: 2910:on 14 May 2011 2892: 2860: 2821: 2802:(2): 208–233. 2779: 2740: 2701: 2669: 2641: 2609: 2579:(2): 110–131. 2559: 2534: 2513: 2487: 2465: 2428: 2415: 2408: 2385: 2379:978-9185945351 2378: 2360: 2342: 2309: 2296: 2263: 2232: 2216: 2172: 2141: 2117: 2110: 2090: 2053: 2031: 2025:New York Times 2008: 1977: 1946: 1923: 1887: 1881:New York Times 1866: 1841: 1810: 1771: 1749:(2): 208–233. 1729: 1699:(2): 110–131. 1679: 1644: 1613: 1593: 1561: 1554: 1534: 1527: 1507: 1496: 1476: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1400: 1397: 1313: 1310: 1255: 1252: 1235: 1232: 1167: 1164: 1151: 1148: 1132: 1129: 1098:War in Somalia 1074: 1071: 977: 974: 972: 969: 947: 944: 875: 872: 835:Major General 811:in the former 784: 781: 779: 776: 723: 720: 578: 577: 575: 574: 567: 560: 552: 549: 548: 536: 535: 523: 522: 517: 512: 500: 499: 482: 474: 473: 465: 464: 461: 460: 445:a series about 439: 423: 422: 419: 418: 405: 401: 400: 390: 386: 385: 381: 380: 372: 368: 367: 360: 356: 355: 342: 338: 337: 324: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 294: 290: 289: 284: 280: 279: 242: 238: 237: 228:(aged 77) 222: 218: 217: 199: 195: 194: 190: 189: 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 168: 162: 161: 156: 154:Vice President 150: 149: 139: 138: 131: 130: 120: 114: 113: 108: 102: 101: 100:(Unrecognised) 78: 76:Prime Minister 72: 71: 61: 60: 53: 52: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4695: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4574:United States 4564: 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4110: 4109:War on terror 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4069: 4067: 4062: 4061: 4058: 4046: 4045: 4038: 4033: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017:Abdiweli Gaas 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4002:Mohamed Hashi 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3992:Jama Ali Jama 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3941: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3914: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3903:Hassan Sheikh 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3893:Hassan Sheikh 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3726:Presidents of 3722: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3699: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3660: 3654: 3649: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3548: 3544: 3538: 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2474:"Index Ah-Al" 2469: 2450: 2446: 2439: 2432: 2425: 2419: 2411: 2409:9780841905580 2405: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2390: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2357: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2331:on 4 May 2012 2327: 2320: 2313: 2306: 2300: 2285:on 3 May 2012 2281: 2274: 2267: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2229: 2223: 2221: 2212: 2206: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2177: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2113: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2094: 2078: 2074: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2041: 2035: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2012: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1984: 1982: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1953: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1891: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1845: 1838: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1814: 1807: 1795: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1733: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1683: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1641: 1630:. 15 May 2002 1629: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1597: 1590: 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Lewis 956:unicameral 894:Majeerteen 844:Ogaden War 805:Topography 744:Majeerteen 734:region of 705:insurgency 646:Siad Barre 412:Ogaden War 345:Gold Medal 322:Alma mater 204:1934-12-15 3813:Ali Mahdi 3751:Aden Adde 3001:30 August 2996:0362-4331 2856:presence. 2816:0954-8890 2766:0305-6244 2725:0261-3077 2689:Reliefweb 2684:AllAfrica 2601:236350899 2593:1939-2206 2458:1 January 1911:0882-7729 1806:presence. 1763:0954-8890 1721:236350899 1713:1939-2206 1667:2195-1349 1326:Abu Dhabi 1322:pneumonia 1300:, titled 860:Negheille 807:from the 798:decorated 761:Mogadishu 682:terrorism 664:in 1991. 510:Civil War 359:Signature 311:Education 231:Abu Dhabi 144:In office 66:In office 4554:Galmudug 4535:Puntland 4416:Ethiopia 4176:Factions 4118:Timeline 3639:8 August 3402:NBC News 3329:BBC News 3286:BBC News 2959:Archived 2879:Archived 2874:BBC News 2623:BBC News 2476:. Rulers 2335:13 March 2205:cite web 2042:. 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