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1202:, and mingled comfortably with the Europeans. The British governor, Sir Harry Ord had once written to the Secretary of State of Great Britain and described Abu Bakar as an "English gentleman" in his tastes and habits. Abu Bakar had gained his share of critics, especially among the more conservative Malay scholars who were critical of his Western tastes. Abu Bakar's penchant for an extravagant lifestyle and foreign travel resulted in a depleted state treasury at the time of his death in 1895. At least one scholar, Nesalmar Nadarajah, had suggested that Johor's loss of independence in the early 20th century was attributed to this depleted state treasury. In addition, Nadarajah also believed that the loss of Johor's independence was also attributed to Abu Bakar's failure of giving attention to his young son, Tunku Ibrahim, who lacked proper education and training in the art of state administration and diplomacy when he succeeded his father as the Sultan of Johor in his early twenties.
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independently of Johor's government, and Abu Bakar was worried about the possible danger to the plantations in the event of an economic crisis. Shortly after a financial crisis broke out in
Singapore in 1864, Abu Bakar imposed new regulations on these plantations, as many of them were owned by Chinese businessmen from Singapore. The Kapitan Cina and the Singapore Chamber of Commerce were particularly disturbed by the new regulations, and accused Abu Bakar of attempting to impose a trade monopoly over Johor. The British government pressured Abu Bakar to retract the regulations, which he did in January 1866. In addition, the Kapitan Cina also faced considerable difficulties in securing new agreements with Abu Bakar. The crisis was only resolved in 1866 after Abu Bakar designated five new ports for the registration of cargo, and the British softened their animosity against Abu Bakar.
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his private lawyers. Weld voiced his intent to place a
Resident in Johor, which prompted Abu Bakar to make a trip to England in August 1884 to negotiate new terms with the British Colonial Office. The Assistant Under-Secretary of the Colonial Office, Robert Meade, conceded to Abu Bakar's request for an absence of a British Resident in Johor, although Abu Bakar gave an in-principle acceptance for a British adviser in Johor (though none was appointed until 1914). An agreement was drawn up, and Abu Bakar was promised control over internal affairs in exchange for British control over foreign affairs pertaining to the state.
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808:, who had become a personal friend of his, within the same course of his visit. Queen Victoria consented to his wishes, and a treaty was signed on 11 December 1885 which formalised relations between Great Britain and Johor, was concluded between Abu Bakar and the Colonial Office. Abu Bakar also founded the state advisory board in London, which was intended to oversee state interests in London. Several retired officers from the Colonial Office, including William Fielding and Cecil Smith were personally appointed by Abu Bakar to oversee the board's administration.
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source of irritation for Abu Bakar. Facing difficulties in repaying his debt, Ali
Iskandar asked Abu Bakar to pay Ali's monthly pension to the moneylender; but he alternated asking for payment to himself and to the moneylender. In 1866, when the moneylender lodged a complaint with the British government, Ali Iskandar tried to borrow from Abu Bakar to repay his outstanding debts. As a result of these constant irritations, Abu Bakar persuaded the
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886:, on 14 April 1895. The state's constitution was seen as a turning point by many as a step in laying the groundwork for the administration of Johor. It was suggested that Abu Bakar, who was fearful of his possible imminent death in light of his failing health, created the state constitution with the intent of preserving the state's independence in the light of growing British political influence in the Malay states.
701:. Raja Ali supported Abu Bakar's cause, after they did a cross examination and concluded that the past office holders had wielded actual control over the affairs of Johor, rather than the Sultans of the Bendahara dynasty. In addition, questions pertaining to Abu Bakar's pursuits to clamour for recognition were also sidelined as he was able to trace his ancestry to the first Sultan of the Bendahara dynasty, Sultan
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541:, to whom he provided support for his war efforts. Abu Bakar married Mutahir's daughter in 1860 during a visit in Pahang, and the following year he signed a treaty of friendship, alliance and a guarantee of mutual support with Mutahir. Meanwhile, Temenggong Ibrahim was already suffering from a prolonged period of ill health, and a bout of high fever resulted in his death on 31 January 1862.
733:. Abu Bakar's client, Tunku Antah was placed as the Yam Tuan of the Sri Menanti confederacy (comprising several small states within the region), and Abu Bakar was made the adviser of Negeri Sembilan (except Sungai Ujong) in 1878. Abu Bakar was believed to have had expansionist ambitions, which was suggested by his involvement in the Pahang Civil War between 1857 and 1864. A later governor,
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657:. A new administration was set up, which was modelled after European styles and certain elements of traditional Malay government. He recruited some of his close relatives and his classmates from the Teluk Blanga Malay school into the bureaucracy, and also set up an advisory council which included two Chinese leaders. In the early 1870s, Straits Governor Sir
709:, gave his approval for a formal recognition of Abu Bakar as the Maharaja of Johor, after Ungku Haji and Dato Jaafar travelled to Lingga and presented their claims. Abu Bakar also secured approval from the Governor of the Straits Settlements for his change in title, and was officially proclaimed as the Maharaja of Johor on 30 June 1868.
515:(traditional Malay law), before he was sent to the Teluk Blanga Malay school, a mission school run by Reverend Benjamin Peach Keasberry. Under the guidance of the missionary teachers, Abu Bakar was observed to develop the manners of an English gentleman, and the ability to speak fluent English in addition to his native Malay.
1186:. The gambier and pepper plantations were first introduced during the 1840s by Chinese immigrants. Often, Abu Bakar was called in by Malay rulers from neighbouring states to provide advice in the event when the rulers had to make important decisions. In particular, he became a close confidante of the Sultan of Pahang, Wan
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the Muslim name of "Fatimah" at her marriage to Abu Bakar, and was crowned the
Sultanah in July 1886. Abu Bakar held Wong in very high esteem, who became Abu Bakar's confidant pertaining to his involvement in state affairs. Wong became a close friend of Abu Bakar's building contractor, Wong Ah Fook as they shared a common
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and his
Chinese wife Nonna Sangnio. Lange met Abu Bakar while she was in Singapore, and adopted the Muslim name of "Zubaidah" after her marriage to Abu Bakar in 1870. In 1885, Abu Bakar married a Chinese woman of Cantonese heritage, Wong Ah Gew, with whom he had a daughter, Tunku Azizah. Wong took on
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In particular, Queen
Victoria became a close friend of Abu Bakar especially during his later years. During a visit to England in February 1891, Abu Bakar was personally received by the Queen, and was invited to dine and stay with the Queen at Windsor Castle. Queen Victoria held Abu Bakar in very high
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Meanwhile, Weld's continued efforts to keep Abu Bakar's political influence in check and relations between Johor and
Singapore became increasingly strained. Abu Bakar was reportedly said to be increasingly reluctant to accept advice from the British-appointed state lawyers, and increasingly turned to
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princess as a gift. Ruggyyah Hanum married Ungku Abdul Majid, Abu Bakar's brother after she arrived in Johor. After Ungku Majid's untimely death, Ruggyyah Hanum was later remarried to Dato Jaafar (who had accompanied Abu Bakar during his 1866 trip). During his second visit to
England in August 1878,
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heritage. Furthermore, his affinity with
Western culture did not go down well with the culturally-conservative Malays. A proclamation ceremony was held on 13 February 1886, where Abu Bakar made an official announcement on his adoption of the title "Sultan" in place of "Maharaja". In the same year on
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law. In a letter to the
Straits Governor, Abu Bakar expressed hope that his revisions would suit more comfortably with European ideas. He founded an English school in Tanjung Puteri in 1864. Two years later, Abu Bakar moved the administrative headquarters to Tanjung Puteri, and officially renamed it
570:. The alliance caused Abu Bakar concern that the fall of Tun Koris in Pahang would threaten his own political position in Johor. Abu Bakar signed a treaty of friendship with Tun Koris in June 1862, and sent a small expeditionary force to Pahang to support Tun Koris when war broke out in August 1862.
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Shortly after his proclamation as Maharaja, Abu Bakar laid plans for the construction of a wooden railway between Johor Bahru and Gunung Pulai after some Europeans had raised proposals to set up a retreat and sanatorium. Construction of the railway started in July 1869 and construction of the first
2904:
T. Wignesan, "A Peranakan's View of the fin de siècle monde malais – Na Tian Piet's Endearing syair of Epic Proportions" in The Gombak Review, Vol. 4,N° 2 (International Islamic University Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, 1999, pp. 101–121. Cf. also: T. Wignesan. Sporadic Striving amid Echoed Voices,
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was strained. Soon after Abu Bakar succeeded his father, he sent a letter to Ali Iskandar asserting Johor's sovereignty over Segamat, which Ali Iskandar had hoped to exert political influence over. In addition, Ali Iskandar, who had borrowed a large sum from an Indian moneylender in 1860, became a
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In early May 1895, Abu Bakar travelled to London together with his son and successor, Tunku Ibrahim (later Sultan Ibrahim) with the hope to mustering support and recognition of his rule. He was by then already very ill and was already suffering from an inflammation of the kidneys for sometime and
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Abu Bakar was noted for his diplomatic skills, and both the British and Malay rulers had approached him for advice in making important decisions. He was also an avid traveller, and became the first Malay ruler to travel to Europe during his first visit to England in 1866. In particular, Abu Bakar
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and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership. He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to
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plantations managed by the Kapitan Cina, Abu Bakar gave generous provisions to the Kapitan Cina in recognition for their contributions to Johor; among his beneficiaries was long-time family friend, Tan Hiok Nee, who was given a seat in the state council. The plantations operated relatively
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over Negeri Sembilan, and in 1881 Weld convinced the chiefs within the Sri Menanti confederacy to deal directly with Singapore rather than with Abu Bakar. British officers were also appointed to oversee the affairs in 1883 and 1887, and were gradually given the powers similar to that of a
40:
856:, to oversee the development of Johor Bahru. The Johor Archives showed that Wong was the largest building contractor at that time and had been involved in at least twenty public works projects between 1887 and 1895. In addition, Wong was contracted to oversee the construction of the
522:, who was making attempts to claim sovereignty rights over Johor. As the Temenggong aged, he gradually delegated his state administrative duties to Abu Bakar. During this period, several British officers praised of Abu Bakar's excellent diplomatic skills, as mentioned in
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heritage. (Khadijah's sister, Rugayah, became the wife of Abu Bakar's brother and later the wife of the first Menteri Besar of Johor, Dato' Jaafar). He had a daughter, Tunku Fatimah with Khadijah the following February, who was later crowned as the Sultanah of Johor.
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in 1887, with whom Abu Bakar had persuaded Sultan Ahmad to accept a British consultant instead of a Resident. The Colonial Government at that time was seeking for greater control over the Malay States and was making aggressive attempts to impose British
2562:
An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore, from the Foundation of the Settlement Under the Honourable the East India Company, on 6 February 1819, to the Transfer to the Colonial Office as Part of the Colonial Possessions of the Crown on 1 April
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An Anecdotal History of Old Times in Singapore, from the Foundation of the Settlement Under the Honourable the East India Company, on 6 February 1819, to the Transfer to the Colonial Office as Part of the Colonial Possessions of the Crown on 1 April
566:. The Sultan was pursuing his sovereignty claims over Johor and Pahang and aimed to overthrow the Sultan of Terengganu with the backing of Siam. Mahmud Muzaffar Shah established an alliance with Tun Ahmad, half-brother and rival of the Bendahara
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under the direction of Abu Bakar. As gratitude to Wong's contributions to the state, Abu Bakar granted him a plot of land in the heart of Johor Bahru in 1892. Wong then oversaw the construction of a village, Kampong Ah Fook, as well as a road,
1055:, conveyed by the Consul General in Singapore, bestowed upon him the First Class of the First Grade Order of the Double Dragon for his just treatment of the Chinese in Johor, witnessed by a gathering of Chinese towkays (businesspeople).
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in 1857. Abu Bakar was related to Engku Chik by family ties; Engku Chik was the sister of Tun Koris, who was also a brother-in-law to Abu Bakar. Abu Bakar had a daughter with Engku Chik, Tunku Besar Putri. He also had a son,
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who was then spending his time in the city. The following year, Prince Edward conferred Abu Bakar the Prince of Wales's Gold medal. He made another trip to London in 1878, where he was invited to attend the State Ball at
923:(KCSI), which he valued highly. The trip reportedly gave both Abu Bakar and Dato' Jaafar lasting memories of England, and inspired Abu Bakar to develop Johor along British lines. Nine years later, Abu Bakar travelled to
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and Johor Bahru. The construction project was later halted after an accident which saw a locomotive falling off the tracks as a result of termites in the wooden tracks within the Skudai portion and a shortage of funds.
815:
circulated among the Malays in Johor, which made fun of Abu Bakar's background, became very popular. Many Malays were reluctant to accept Abu Bakar as their paramount ruler, as they were sceptical of Abu Bakar's
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styles. Abu Bakar placed the construction of these state buildings under close supervision, and was often called in to lay the foundation stones of these buildings personally. A few of these buildings were
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that was accorded to a "Sultan" than to a "Maharaja". In 1885, Abu Bakar instituted the creation of a state postal and judiciary system modelled along British lines, as well as a military force, the
612:
Various Chinese dialect groups began to compete for commercial interests in the 1850s and 1860s. This led to communal violence. Abu Bakar and the Kapitan Cina in Johor (who were mainly migrants from
769:
in a bid to reclaim Muar, but was quickly crushed by the Maharaja's forces. During the 1880s, Abu Bakar actively encouraged the Chinese leaders to set up new gambier and pepper plantations in Muar.
593:) were issued when the first Chinese leaders began settling in Johor during the 1850s. Abu Bakar quickly established good relations with the Kapitan Cina; a Malay administrator who could speak the
432:
in his later years. Abu Bakar's friendship with Queen Victoria played an important role in shaping Johor's relationships with Britain, and was the only state by the end of the 19th century in the
1195:
into the Malay states. The Colonial Government also made a failed attempt to impose a British Resident in Johor in 1885; the state maintained its independence in its internal affairs until 1914.
911:
Abu Bakar made his inaugural state visit while he was still a Temenggong. He toured England in 1866 with Dato' Jaafar, and met with members of the English royalty, notably Queen Victoria and the
424:
in the 1840s. He also took charge of the development of Johor's infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled closely along Western lines.
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esteem, which she had signed herself off as an "affectionate friend" in a letter to Abu Bakar in March 1891. Reportedly, Queen Victoria was quoted to have highly valued the silver model
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1696:, ISKANDAR MALAYSIA, pg 6, "....This was followed later by the 21st Sultan of Johor – Sultan Abu Bakar (1862–1895) who laid the foundation for developing Johor into a modern state. ..."
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said of Abu Bakar (who became a Maharaja in 1868) that he was the "only Raja in the whole peninsula or adjoining states who rules in accordance with the practice of civilized nations."
1016:, where he was conferred the Royal Prussian Order of the Crown. He made two separate European tours in 1891 and 1893 with a personal physician by his side, during which he met Emperor
968:
in 1887. Shortly before his death in May 1895, Queen Victoria sent her personal physician to attend to Abu Bakar's medical needs, who was by then very ill when he arrived in London.
685:
During a state visit to England in 1866, Abu Bakar was commonly addressed as the "Maharaja" of Johor and led him to realise that the Malay title of Temenggong poorly known in the
785:, was proclaimed Sultan of Pahang in 1881. Abu Bakar, who was weary of the increasingly hostile political environment imposed by Weld, considered the importance of the superior
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and was conferred the Grand Cross of the Order of Kalakaua I of Hawaii. and State Secretary, Muhammad Salleh. In 10 December 1892 at Istana Tyersall, Tyersall, Singapore, the
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also praised Abu Bakar's hospitality during his state visit after he became sultan, and had reportedly enjoyed the Malay cuisine which the Abu Bakar had served to him.
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1123:. At the onstart of the voyage in early May, he became very weak, and had to be carried aboard a ship in a wheelchair. He reached London on 10 May, and checked into
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Abu Bakar made revisions to Johor's Islamic code in 1863, after the Sultan of Terengganu revised his state's Islamic judicial system to be more closely aligned with
1987:
1734:
1631:. Abdul Hamid and his descendants often used the Bugis title "Daeng" in their names. Abu Bakar's father, Ibrahim had a Buginese name: Daeng Ronggek. (See Trocki,
1032:, and was conferred the awards of Commander of the Cross of Italy, Imperial Order of the Osmans (Turkey) and the Commander of the Cross of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
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and civil service, and consolidated the state's agricultural economy, which consisted of gambier and pepper plantations headed by Chinese leaders, known as "
3131:
737:, aspired for stronger British control over the Malay states and was weary of Abu Bakar's influence. The chiefs were lukewarm to the prospect of Johor's
526:'s diaries, who was the senior law agent of Singapore. Napier had accompanied Abu Bakar to fetch Tengku Teh, the mother of the deposed Sultan of Lingga,
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597:(the language spoken by most Kapitan Cina) and read Chinese was employed for these purposes. He also employed the service of a Chinese contractor from
393:
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During his stay in London in late 1885, Abu Bakar expressed his desire to Meade for a formal recognition as the Sultan of Johor. He also met up with
1597:. The modern English-speaking world has since adopted the official spelling of the state in documentary references to the state. See Hack, Rettig,
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616:) tried to assimilate Chinese entrepreneurs of non-Teochew origin. Abu Bakar gave official recognition and support for the Johor branch of the
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visited Johor in the 1880s, they had commented that the huge drawing room of Abu Bakar's palace closely resembled the state-rooms found at
467:". In 1885, Abu Bakar sought legal recognition from Britain for another change in his legal state title of "Maharaja" to a regal title of "
1146:
during his stay in the hotel, which led to his death on the evening of 4 June 1895. His body was then brought back to Johor by an English
507:. Abu Bakar spent his childhood years in his father's kampung in Teluk Blanga; at a young age he was tutored by local teachers on
2905:
Mirrored Images and Stereotypic Posturing in Malaysian-Singaporean Literatures. Allahabad: Cyberwit.net, 2008, pp. 196–218.
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The formal recognition of Abu Bakar by the British as the Sultan of Johor quickly drew criticisms among the Malays in Johor. A
765:, disputed the legitimacy of the chieftains' wishes and staked his hereditary claims over Muar. Alam Shah instigated the 1879
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620:, which was seen as a secret society in Singapore at that time. As Johor prospered from the large revenue generated from the
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In 1851, the Temenggong delegated Abu Bakar, then eighteen-years-old, to assist him in negotiation efforts against Sultan
1984:
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Kayadibi, Saim. "Ottoman Connections to the Malay World: Islam, Law and Society” (Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press, 2011)
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689:. He contemplated changing his title, which led him to send his cousin, Ungku Haji Muhammad and the Dato Bentara,
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Section B Planning and Implementation, Part 3 Physical Planning Initiatives, CHAPTER 13, Johor Bahru City Centre
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is the official spelling of the state. Generally, British colonial-era documents spelled the state's name as
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Tanjung Puteri was renamed Iskandar Puteri in 1855, and to Johor Bahru (the modern name) in 1866. (See Lim,
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on 7 September 1895. His son, Tunku Ibrahim was later installed as the Sultan of Johor in November 1895.
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but was bedridden throughout his remaining days. He was not allowed to receive many visitors, though the
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stimulate the development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants from
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and Italy. He managed to visit Paris and Vienna, and was even given a warm reception by Prince Henry of
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404:المرحوم سلطان سر أبو بكر الخليل إبراهيم شاه ابن المرحوم تمڠڬوڠ تون داءيڠ إبراهيم سري مهاراج جوهر
2876:, (M.B.R.A.S. Reprints, 6.) Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1992,
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in its internal affairs as the British Colonial Government pushed for greater control over the
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1154:. A state funeral was given to Abu Bakar, and he was laid to rest at the royal mausoleum at
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with Johor following a succession dispute between two of Ali Iskandar sons. His oldest son,
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Many state's buildings which were constructed during Abu Bakar's reign were modelled after
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452:, and many of his personal habits and decisions were aligned to European ideas and tastes.
1627:. His patrilineal great-grandfather, Temenggong Abdul Hamid, was the maternal grandson of
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784–1885
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Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore 1784–1885
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Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah ibni Almarhum Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim
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Abu Bakar employed the service of a Chinese contractor and long-time acquaintance,
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in September 1893, Abu Bakar married his fourth wife, Khadijah Khanum, who was of
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Sultan Abu Bakar's fourth wife: Khadijah Khanum in the company of an unknown lady
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Institusi Bendahara; Permata Melayu yang hilang: Dinasti Bendahara Johor-Pahang
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Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut: Reforming the Homeland
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Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut: Reforming the Homeland
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player, and had raced with the princes during their state visits to Johor. The
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Orders and Decorations of all Nations: Ancient and Modern, Civil and Military
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Orders and Decorations of all Nations: Ancient and Modern, Civil and Military
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Abu Bakar was also the first Malay ruler to visit Europe in 1866. He was an
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died in 1862. Six years later, Abu Bakar changed his legal state title of "
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pioneered by Daeng Ibrahim. He issued Western-style contracts (termed as
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Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Malaysian Branch,
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Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Malaysian Branch,
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Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Malaysian Branch,
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936:. Abu Bakar's palaces were modelled closely along British lines; when
585:(Chinese leaders) who had established riverside plantations along the
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Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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and dialect group. Wong died in 1891. During his state visit to the
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The Straits Settlements, 1826–67: Indian Presidency to Crown Colony
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The Straits Settlements, 1826–67: Indian Presidency to Crown Colony
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The Straits Settlements, 1826–67: Indian Presidency to Crown Colony
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to attend to his medical needs upon receiving news of his illness.
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within three days of his father's death and moved his residence to
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contemplated making Maharaja Abu Bakar overlord of the chiefs in
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Abu Bakar married his first wife, Engku Chik during his stay in
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During the first two years of his reign, Abu Bakar expanded the
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The Portrayal of Foreigners in Indonesian and Malay literatures
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The Portrayal of Foreigners in Indonesian and Malay literatures
1166:
Abu Bakar was often credited as the "Founder of Modern Johor" (
1151:
1080:
1005:
825:
31 July, Abu Bakar instituted the first state decorations, the
812:
714:
649:
468:
455:
Abu Bakar became the sovereign ruler of Johor when his father,
872:
Abu Bakar created the Johor State Establishment Constitution (
471:", and was proclaimed the following year. In all, Abu Bakar's
1708:, 新山中华公会 (Johor Chinese Association). Retrieved 28 April 2009
1400:
1135:
paid two visits. Queen Victoria sent her personal physician,
669:
508:
472:
412:
330:
Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Almarhum Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim
2761:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
2729:
The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History
2467:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
2401:
The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History
2310:
The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History
2284:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
2271:
The Other Malaysia: Writings on Malaysia's Subaltern History
1623:
Abu Bakar was of Malay (with distant Arab) origins from his
729:
after the British failed to quell the sectarian violence in
2546:
Braginsky, Vladimir, Murtagh, Ben, Harrison, Rachel (FRW),
2386:
Braginsky, Vladimir, Murtagh, Ben, Harrison, Rachel (FRW),
2046:
Nadarajah, Johore and the Origins of British Control, pg 32
949:
698:
512:
402:
26:
3147:
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor
2743:
The Name of Brooke: The End of White Rajah Rule in Sarawak
2112:
The Name of Brooke: The End of White Rajah Rule in Sarawak
757:
and its village chieftains voted in favour of a merger of
645:
to sign an agreement to terminate Ali Iskandar's pension.
1063:
1012:
before returning to Johor. Three years later, he visited
2793:
Imperialism in Southeast Asia: A Fleeting, Passing Phase
2070:
Imperialism in Southeast Asia: A Fleeting, Passing Phase
899:
991:
during his European tour in 1866, where he met Sultan
3043:
2653:, United Publishers and Peninsular Publications, 1961
1762:
1760:
264:
Zubaidah binti Abdullah (née Cecilia Catharina Lange)
3142:
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
499:who was in turn a matrilineal descendant of Sultan
357:
Daeng Ibrahim bin Temenggong Tun Daeng Abdul Rahman
3167:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua
2918:http://www.stateless.freehosting.net/TTianPiet.htm
1757:
1004:of his wishes to visit European royalty in Paris,
921:Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India
2637:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
2568:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran,
2375:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
2206:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
2193:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
2148:
2146:
2083:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
1904:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
1891:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
1878:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
1673:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran,
1612:Wong Ah Fook: Immigrant, Builder and Entrepreneur
483:Wan Abu Bakar was born on 3 February 1833 in the
3127:First Classes of the Royal Family Order of Johor
3103:
1067:Fourth wife of Sultan Abu Bakar: Khadijah Khanum
713:phase was completed in 1874, which ran between
2143:
1966:
1964:
1791:
1789:
1735:He is a ‘Datuk’... but it’s not ‘Sir Shahrukh’
581:in Malay, literally "River Documents") to the
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
537:the following year saw Abu Bakar befriending
475:lasted for 32 years until his death in 1895.
2697:The Invention of Politics in Colonial Malaya
1752:The Invention of Politics in Colonial Malaya
705:by his patrilineal ancestors. The Sultan of
2611:, American Universities Field Staff, 1976,
2515:, NUS Press (published 2007), p. 130,
2106:
2104:
1961:
1786:
1716:
1714:
1209:The Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque at night.
681:Photographic portrait of Maharaja Abu Bakar
632:Abu Bakar's relationship with the ruler of
3132:Grand Crosses of the Order of Franz Joseph
1647:
1238:), which was built between 1892 and 1900.
544:
2715:Johore and the Origins of British Control
2508:
2480:Johore and the Origins of British Control
2219:Johore and the Origins of British Control
2001:
1833:
1831:
1810:Johore and the Origins of British Control
995:who presented him with Ruggyyah Hanum, a
919:. The Queen conferred Abu Bakar with the
549:
407:; 3 February 1833 – 4 June 1895) was the
2788:, All India Gurdwara Schools Institution
2677:Milne, Robert Stephen, Mauzy, Diane K.,
2651:History of Malaya (1400–1959): 1400–1959
2101:
1768:History of Malaya (1400–1959): 1400–1959
1711:
1204:
1070:
1062:
975:
898:
721:In the mid-1870s, the Straits Governor,
676:
668:
403:
267:Fatimah binti Abdullah (née Wong Ah Gew)
964:which Abu Bakar sent to her during her
664:
3104:
2786:History of Temples Abroad and in India
2167:History of Temples Abroad and in India
1828:
1000:Abu Bakar wrote to Colonel Anson from
491:, Singapore. He was the eldest son of
292:Tunku Mariam (Tengku Ampuan of Pahang)
776:
605:, to oversee the construction of the
1985:Abu Bakar gets railway back on track
1263:Founding Grand Master (1886) of the
1252:Founding Grand Master (1886) of the
889:
1534:Prince of Wales's Gold Medal – 1876
1241:
1174:). He established a Western-styled
318:Wan Abu Bakar bin Tun Daeng Ibrahim
13:
2831:, Singapore University Press, 1979
1270:
971:
860:and several palaces including the
835:Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat Dihormati
411:. He was the 1st sultan of modern
14:
3183:
2930:
2679:Malaysian Politics Under Mahathir
2591:Colonial armies in Southeast Asia
1599:Colonial armies in Southeast Asia
1579:Malaysian Politics Under Mahathir
1544:Order of St Michael and St George
3089:
3077:
3065:
3053:
2658:Islamic Identity and Development
2258:Islamic Identity and Development
1537:
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1247:
1129:Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
1035:In 1881, Abu Bakar also visited
894:
879:Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor
554:Abu Bakar assumed office as the
495:and a patrilineal descendant of
38:
2874:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
2501:
2485:
2472:
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2336:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
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2245:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
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2138:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
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2035:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
2027:
2014:
1977:
1972:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1956:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1948:
1935:
1930:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1922:
1917:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1909:
1896:
1883:
1870:
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1852:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1844:
1815:
1802:
1797:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1781:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1773:
1662:A History of Johore (1365–1941)
1617:
1604:
120:30 June 1868 – 12 February 1886
2890:, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 1953
2809:Tate, D.J.M, Gulrose, Kassim,
2717:, 1895–1914, Arenabuku, 2000,
1744:
1727:
1699:
1680:
1667:
1584:
1562:
1327:, 1st Class, 1st Grade of the
1236:Masjid Negeri Sultan Abu Bakar
903:Illustration of activities in
503:, the first Sultan of Johor's
478:
448:in the states. He was also an
159:2 February 1862 – 29 June 1868
60:13 February 1886 – 4 June 1895
16:Sultan of Johor (r. 1886–1895)
1:
1641:
1228:Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque
693:to meet the Bugis historian,
261:Wan Chik binti Muhammad Tahir
3137:House of Temenggong of Johor
2589:Hack, Karl, Rettig, Tobias,
2550:, Edwin Mellen Press, 2007,
1556:
980:Sultan Abu Bakar during his
869:on the land he was granted.
801:) upon his return to Johor.
428:became a lifetime friend of
132:Maharaja of Johor (de facto)
7:
2834:(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman,
2811:Information Malaysia (2005)
2672:A Short History of Malaysia
2625:, Allen & Unwin, 2003,
2623:A Short History of Malaysia
2621:Hooker, Virginia Matheson,
2493:Information Malaysia (2005)
2454:A Short History of Malaysia
2125:A Short History of Malaysia
1413:Order of the Crown of Italy
1265:Order of the Crown of Johor
1254:Royal Family Order of Johor
839:Order of the Crown of Johor
827:Royal Family Order of Johor
673:Maharaja Abu Bakar of Johor
10:
3188:
2818:A History of Modern Malaya
2772:Edinburgh University Press
2701:Cambridge University Press
2565:, Fraser & Neave, 1902
1839:A History of Modern Malaya
1542:Knight Grand Cross of the
1513:Saxe-Ernestine House Order
1439:1st Class of the Imperial
1387:(KCSI) (17 September 1866)
1385:Order of the Star of India
1325:Order of the Double Dragon
243:Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum
3032:
3023:
3015:
2998:
2989:
2976:
2959:
2950:
2942:
2937:
2731:, Silverfishbooks, 2002,
2695:Milner, Anthony Charles,
2607:Hanna, William Anderson,
2560:Buckley, Charles Burton,
1577:in Johor. (Milne, Mauzy,
1511:Grand Cross of the Ducal
1501:Ernestine Duchies of Saxe
1161:
1058:
847:Seri Paduka Mahkota Johor
781:The Bendahara of Pahang,
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2886:Withington, Antoinette,
2849:Turnbull, Constance Mary
2528:Andaya, Barbara Watson,
2509:A. Trocki, Carl (1979),
1692:27 February 2009 at the
1383:Knight Commander of the
1113:
589:. Letters of authority (
493:Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim
457:Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim
289:(Tunku Mahkota of Johor)
231:, London, United Kingdom
79:Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah
2855:, Athlone Press, 1972,
2747:Oxford University Press
2649:Jessy, Joginder Singh,
2639:, Times Edition, 2002,
1357:Royal Order of Kalākaua
755:Raja Temenggong of Muar
545:Administration of Johor
497:Temenggong Abdul Rahman
2713:Nadarajah, Nesalamar,
1235:
1210:
1171:
1076:
1068:
984:
948:. He was also an avid
908:
846:
834:
820:political origins and
798:
753:'s death in 1877, the
682:
674:
550:Temenggong (1862–1868)
3162:People from Singapore
3122:Deaths from nephritis
2923:12 March 2017 at the
2813:, Berita publications
2766:Schimmel, Annemarie,
2530:A History of Malaysia
2232:A History of Malaysia
2154:A History of Malaysia
2096:A History of Malaysia
2022:A History of Malaysia
2009:A History of Malaysia
1943:A History of Malaysia
1865:A History of Malaysia
1722:A History of Malaysia
1297:Order of Franz Joseph
1226:himself, notably the
1224:named after Abu Bakar
1219:Moorish architectural
1208:
1142:Abu Bakar contracted
1074:
1066:
1045:tour around the world
979:
902:
791:Johor Military Forces
680:
672:
2869:, Quaker Press, 1965
2822:University of London
2674:, F.A. Praeger, 1966
1990:3 April 2009 at the
1737:, 14 December 2008,
1172:Bapa Pemodenan Johor
942:Prince Albert Victor
799:Askar Timbalan Setia
697:who was residing in
665:Maharaja (1868–1885)
564:Mahmud Muzaffar Shah
533:The outbreak of the
528:Mahmud Muzaffar Shah
2953:Temenggong of Johor
2791:Tarling, Nicholas,
2660:, Routledge, 1990,
1573:is also spelled as
1355:Grand Cross of the
1295:Grand Cross of the
1176:bureaucratic system
1094:Mads Johansen Lange
739:sphere of influence
703:Abdul Jalil Shah IV
556:Temenggong of Johor
501:Abdul Jalil Shah IV
409:Temenggong of Johor
345:Temenggong of Johor
209:Straits Settlements
150:Temenggong of Johor
1477:Order of the Crown
1211:
1077:
1069:
987:Abu Bakar visited
985:
954:Duke of Sutherland
909:
884:Abdul Rahman Andak
867:Jalan Wong Ah Fook
777:Sultan (1885–1895)
767:Jementah Civil War
683:
675:
3172:Founding monarchs
3042:
3041:
3033:Succeeded by
3010:
3004:Succession title:
2999:Succeeded by
2992:Maharaja of Johor
2984:Maharaja of Johor
2971:
2968:Maharaja of Johor
2965:Succession title:
2960:Succeeded by
2911:978-81-8253-120-8
2899:978-983-9541-77-9
2865:Werlich, Robert,
2827:Trocki, Carl A.,
2575:Freitag, Ulrike,
2522:978-9971-69-376-3
1996:New Straits Times
1983:Jawahir, Zainoh,
1739:New Straits Times
1733:Ismail, Fauziah,
1475:1st Class of the
1445:Nishan-e-Osmanieh
1441:Order of Osminieh
1411:Commander of the
1345:Kingdom of Hawaii
1215:British Victorian
934:Buckingham Palace
890:Foreign relations
505:Bendahara dynasty
434:Peninsular Malaya
380:
379:
334:
333:
295:Tunku Besar Putri
179:Maharaja of Johor
177:(post abolished)
140:(post abolished)
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2977:Preceded by
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2943:Preceded by
2935:
2934:
2888:The Golden Cloak
2872:Winstedt, R. O,
2816:Tregonning K.G,
2784:Singh, Damodar,
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1156:Makam Mahmoodiah
1121:Bright's disease
1049:Emperor of China
1002:South Kensington
927:to meet up with
763:Tengku Alam Shah
744:British Resident
643:Straits Governor
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2635:Lim, Pui Huen,
2579:, BRILL, 2003,
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787:moral authority
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2445:
2432:
2419:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2314:
2301:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2142:
2129:
2116:
2100:
2087:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2000:
1976:
1960:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1895:
1882:
1869:
1856:
1843:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1785:
1772:
1756:
1743:
1726:
1710:
1698:
1679:
1666:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1616:
1603:
1583:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1535:
1529:United Kingdom
1518:
1517:
1516:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:(23 June 1880)
1450:
1449:
1448:
1429:Ottoman Empire
1418:
1417:
1416:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1329:Chinese Empire
1302:
1301:
1300:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1256:
1243:
1240:
1163:
1160:
1137:Douglas Powell
1125:Bailey's Hotel
1115:
1112:
1103:Ottoman Empire
1060:
1057:
1030:Abdul Hamid II
1018:Francis Joseph
989:Ottoman Turkey
973:
970:
966:Golden Jubilee
946:Windsor Castle
896:
893:
891:
888:
882:), drafted by
806:Queen Victoria
778:
775:
735:Frederick Weld
666:
663:
575:Kangchu system
551:
548:
546:
543:
524:William Napier
480:
477:
430:Queen Victoria
422:southern China
378:
377:
372:
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
352:
348:
347:
342:
336:
335:
332:
331:
327:
326:
320:
319:
315:
314:
306:
305:
303:
302:
299:
296:
293:
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283:
281:
275:
274:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
258:
256:
252:
251:
241:
237:
233:
232:
225:Bailey's Hotel
222:(aged 62)
216:
212:
211:
189:
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
134:
133:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
106:
105:
100:
97:Chief Minister
92:
91:
89:Sultan Ibrahim
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3184:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3008:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2980:Daeng Ibrahim
2975:
2969:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2946:Daeng Ibrahim
2941:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:983-99614-6-2
2879:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:0-485-13132-3
2858:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:983-40566-6-4
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:0-415-23289-9
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:0-85224-563-7
2777:
2773:
2769:
2768:Islamic Names
2765:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2755:0-19-580474-0
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:983-40816-3-4
2734:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:967-970-318-5
2720:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2709:0-521-00356-3
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2691:0-415-17143-1
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:0-415-04386-7
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:981-232-369-4
2642:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2631:1-86448-955-3
2628:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:0-910116-98-9
2614:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:0-415-33413-6
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:90-04-12850-6
2582:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:Dewan Sastera
2567:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2556:0-7734-5365-2
2553:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:0-312-38121-2
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2494:
2491:Tate, Karim,
2488:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2298:
2292:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2140:, pg 181, 187
2139:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1854:, pg 117, 121
1853:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1675:Dewan Sastera
1670:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:Prince Arthur
1130:
1126:
1122:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:Tunku Ibrahim
1082:
1073:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:Pope Leo XIII
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Liechtenstein
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
983:
978:
969:
967:
963:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:Prince George
935:
930:
929:Prince Edward
926:
922:
918:
917:Prince Edward
914:
906:
901:
895:Great Britain
887:
885:
881:
880:
875:
870:
868:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
774:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
749:After Sultan
747:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
716:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:Raja Ali Haji
692:
688:
687:Western world
679:
671:
662:
660:
656:
651:
646:
644:
639:
635:
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
542:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Teluk Belanga
486:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
444:by placing a
443:
439:
435:
431:
425:
423:
418:
414:
410:
400:
395:
391:
387:
384:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
355:Maharaja Tun
353:
349:
346:
343:
341:
337:
328:
325:
321:
316:
311:
307:
301:Tunku Fatimah
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:Tunku Ibrahim
285:
284:
282:
280:
276:
269:
266:
263:
260:
259:
257:
253:
248:
244:
238:
234:
230:
226:
217:
213:
210:
207:, Singapore,
206:
205:Teluk Belanga
202:
190:
186:
182:
176:
172:
169:
168:Daeng Ibrahim
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
139:
135:
130:
129:Daeng Ibrahim
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
104:
101:
98:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3024:
3006:
2990:
2967:
2951:
2915:
2887:
2873:
2866:
2852:
2835:
2828:
2817:
2810:
2792:
2785:
2767:
2760:
2742:
2728:
2727:Noor, F.A.,
2714:
2696:
2678:
2671:
2657:
2650:
2636:
2622:
2609:Bali Profile
2608:
2590:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2547:
2529:
2511:
2502:Bibliography
2492:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2413:
2408:
2400:
2395:
2387:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2362:Bali Profile
2361:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2317:
2309:
2304:
2296:
2295:Withington,
2291:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2257:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2137:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1979:
1971:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1837:Tregonning,
1822:
1817:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1751:
1746:
1729:
1721:
1701:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1632:
1629:Daeng Parani
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1547:
1444:
1313:Qing Dynasty
1212:
1197:
1165:
1141:
1117:
1078:
1034:
1022:King Umberto
986:
958:
910:
905:Istana Besar
877:
871:
858:state mosque
854:Wong Ah Fook
851:
810:
803:
780:
771:
751:Ali Iskandar
748:
731:Sungai Ujong
720:
711:
684:
647:
638:Ali Iskandar
631:
611:
607:Istana Besar
603:Wong Ah Fook
590:
583:Kapitan Cina
579:Surat Sungai
578:
572:
553:
532:
520:Ali Iskandar
517:
482:
454:
442:Malay states
436:to maintain
426:
382:
381:
298:Tunku Azizah
220:(1895-06-04)
70:29 July 1886
18:
3117:1895 deaths
3112:1833 births
2970:(1868–1886)
2824:Press, 1964
2532:, Palgrave
2478:Nadarajah,
2217:Nadarajah,
1998:, JohorBuzz
1808:Nadarajah,
1741:, JohorBuzz
1706:(五)陈旭年与柔佛新山
1373:British Raj
1184:Teochew Min
1043:during his
1028:and Sultan
691:Dato Jaafar
655:Johor Bahru
595:Teochew Min
591:Surat Kuasa
587:Johor River
539:Tun Mutahir
485:Istana Lama
479:Early years
415:, the 21st
386:Al-Aidaroos
375:Sunni Islam
324:Regnal name
247:Johor Bahru
218:4 June 1895
201:Istana Lama
164:Predecessor
125:Predecessor
75:Predecessor
3106:Categories
3030:1886–1895
3019:Sultan Ali
2996:1868–1886
2986:(de facto)
2957:1862–1868
2439:Turnbull,
2334:Winstedt,
2243:Winstedt,
2136:Winstedt,
2037:, pg 131–2
2033:Winstedt,
2024:, pg 165–6
1974:, pg 124–5
1970:Winstedt,
1954:Winstedt,
1928:Winstedt,
1915:Winstedt,
1850:Winstedt,
1821:Turnbull,
1795:Winstedt,
1779:Winstedt,
1660:Winstedt,
1642:References
1200:Anglophile
1148:man-of-war
1107:Circassian
997:Circassian
982:royal tour
837:) and the
818:Temenggong
461:Temenggong
450:Anglophile
194:1833-02-03
66:Coronation
24:Abu Bakar
3072:Biography
2797:Routledge
2683:Routledge
2595:Routledge
2534:Macmillan
2412:Buckley,
2321:Freitag,
2178:Werlich,
2068:Tarling,
1906:, pg 81–2
1893:, pg 46–7
1625:patriline
1614:, pg 44.)
1557:Footnotes
1546:(GCMG) -
1323:Imperial
1193:Residents
1144:pneumonia
993:Abdülaziz
783:Wan Ahmad
659:Harry Ord
636:, Sultan
568:Tun Koris
366:Cik' Ngah
174:Successor
137:Successor
85:Successor
3096:Monarchy
3060:Malaysia
2921:Archived
2838:, 2002,
2799:, 2001,
2774:, 1989,
2749:, 1982,
2703:, 2002,
2685:, 1999,
2597:, 2006,
2536:, 1984,
2495:, pg 877
2482:, pg 188
2469:, pg 181
2452:Miller,
2443:, pg 290
2430:, pg 102
2426:Trocki,
2390:, pg 137
2364:, pg 538
2351:, pg 121
2347:Trocki,
2338:, pg 134
2325:, pg 223
2299:, pg 264
2286:, pg 179
2256:Mehmet,
2247:, pg 135
2234:, pg 199
2230:Andaya,
2182:, pg 220
2156:, pg 153
2152:Andaya,
2127:, pg 166
2123:Hooker,
2114:, pg 296
2098:, pg 167
2094:Andaya,
2059:, pg 185
2055:Trocki,
2020:Andaya,
2011:, pg 164
2007:Andaya,
1988:Archived
1958:, pg 145
1945:, pg 154
1941:Andaya,
1932:, pg 132
1919:, pg 129
1867:, pg 140
1863:Andaya,
1841:, pg 153
1825:, pg 286
1799:, pg 136
1783:, pg 107
1770:, pg 225
1754:, pg 208
1750:Milner,
1724:, pg 152
1720:Andaya,
1690:Archived
1664:, pg 137
1635:, pg 95)
1601:, pg 262
1581:, pg xv)
1531: :
1503: :
1447:) (1893)
1431: :
1403: :
1375: :
1347: :
1315: :
1287: :
1092:trader,
1041:Kalākaua
925:Calcutta
907:in 1882.
822:Buginese
614:Chaozhou
560:Tyersall
465:Maharaja
438:autonomy
371:Religion
112:of Johor
110:Maharaja
3084:Royalty
3046:Portals
2456:, pg 89
2417:, pg 45
2403:, pg 51
2377:, pg 58
2360:Hanna,
2312:, pg 39
2273:, pg 38
2260:, pg 28
2221:, pg 48
2208:, pg 84
2195:, pg 70
2169:, pg 88
2165:Singh,
2110:Reece,
2085:, pg 66
2072:, pg 88
1880:, pg 61
1812:, pg 20
1766:Jessy,
1677:, pg 14
1499:Saxony
1180:Kangchu
1099:surname
1053:Guangxu
1014:Prussia
622:gambier
249:, Johor
31:
29:أبو بكر
2909:
2897:
2880:
2859:
2842:
2803:
2778:
2763:, 1966
2753:
2735:
2721:
2707:
2689:
2664:
2643:
2629:
2615:
2601:
2583:
2572:, 2000
2554:
2540:
2519:
2399:Noor,
2308:Noor,
2269:Noor,
1595:Johore
1570:Tengku
1526:
1515:– 1893
1497:
1465:
1426:
1415:(1891)
1398:
1370:
1359:(1881)
1342:
1331:(1892)
1310:
1299:(1893)
1282:
1162:Legacy
1152:Penang
1090:Danish
1081:Pahang
1059:Family
1006:Vienna
813:pantun
793:(JMF,
715:Skudai
707:Lingga
650:Sharia
626:pepper
599:Toisan
469:Sultan
463:" to "
363:Mother
351:Father
255:Spouse
236:Burial
2373:Lim,
2204:Lim,
2191:Lim,
2081:Lim,
1902:Lim,
1889:Lim,
1876:Lim,
1591:Johor
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1401:Italy
1232:Malay
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1114:Death
874:Malay
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509:Islam
473:reign
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340:House
313:Names
279:Issue
156:Reign
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1217:and
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634:Muar
624:and
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399:Jawi
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390:GCMG
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188:Born
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