Maulana Azad - Knowledge

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Defence, Foreign Affairs and Communication while the provinces would win all other subjects unless they voluntarily relinquished selected subjects to the Central Government. Additionally, the proposal called for the "grouping" of provinces on religious lines, which would informally band together the Muslim-majority provinces in the West as Group B, Muslim-majority provinces of Bengal and Assam as Group C and the rest of India as Group A. While Gandhi and others expressed scepticism of this clause, Azad argued that Jinnah's demand for Pakistan would be buried and the concerns of the Muslim community would be assuaged. Under Azad and Patel's backing, the Working Committee approved the resolution against Gandhi's advice. Azad also managed to win Jinnah's agreement to the proposal citing the greater good of all Indian Muslims.

1588:. Violence claimed the lives of an estimated one million people, almost entirely in Punjab. Azad took up responsibility for the safety of Muslims in India, touring affected areas in Bengal, Bihar, Assam and the Punjab, guiding the organisation of refugee camps, supplies and security. Azad gave speeches to large crowds encouraging peace and calm in the border areas and encouraging Muslims across the country to remain in India and not fear for their safety and security. Focusing on bringing the capital of Delhi back to peace, Azad organised security and relief efforts, but was drawn into a dispute with the 1984: 1960: 1972: 1343:

most other Congress leaders, but reluctantly endorsed the Congress's exit from the assemblies in 1939 following the inclusion of India in World War II. Nationalists were infuriated that Viceroy Lord Linlithgow had entered India into the war without consulting national leaders. Although willing to support the British effort in return for independence, Azad sided with Gandhi when the British ignored the Congress overtures. Azad's criticism of Jinnah and the League intensified as Jinnah called Congress rule in the provinces as "Hindu Raj", calling the resignation of the Congress ministries as a "

1369:" Full eleven centuries have passed by since then. Islam has now as great a claim on the soil of India as Hinduism. If Hinduism has been the religion of the people here for several thousands of years, Islam also has been their religion for a thousand years. Just as a Hindu can say with pride that he is an Indian and follows Hinduism, so also we can say with equal pride that we are Indians and follow Islam. I shall enlarge this orbit still further. The Indian Christian is equally entitled to say with pride that he is an Indian and is following a religion of India, namely Christianity." 460: 1560: 3821: 1304:, Azad was appointed to organise the Congress election campaign, raising funds, selecting candidates and organising volunteers and rallies across India. Azad had criticised the Act for including a high proportion of un-elected members in the central legislature, and did not himself contest a seat. He again declined to contest elections in 1937, and helped head the party's efforts to organise elections and preserve co-ordination and unity amongst the Congress governments elected in different provinces. 436: 1382:

a struggle would not force a British exit, Azad and Nehru warned that such a campaign would divide India and make the war situation even more precarious. Intensive and emotional debates took place between Azad, Nehru, Gandhi and Patel in the Congress Working Committee's meetings in May and June 1942. In the end, Azad became convinced that decisive action in one form or another had to be taken, as the Congress had to provide leadership to India's people and would lose its standing if it did not.

73: 4917: 1389:", Azad began exhorting thousands of people in rallies across the nation to prepare for a definitive, all-out struggle. As Congress president, Azad travelled across India and met with local and provincial Congress leaders and grass-roots activists, delivering speeches and planning the rebellion. Despite their previous differences, Azad worked closely with Patel and Dr. Rajendra Prasad to make the rebellion as effective as possible. On 7 August 1942 at the 1328:. Azad also supported Nehru's re-election in 1937, at the consternation of many conservative Congressmen. Azad supported dialogue with Jinnah and the Muslim League between 1935 and 1937 over a Congress-League coalition and broader political co-operation. Less inclined to brand the League as obstructive, Azad nevertheless joined the Congress's vehement rejection of Jinnah's demand that the League be seen exclusively as the representative of Indian Muslims. 1601:

over security issues in Delhi and Punjab, as well as the allocation of resources for relief and rehabilitation. Patel opposed Azad and Nehru's proposal to reserve the houses vacated by Muslims who had departed for Pakistan for Muslims in India displaced by the violence. Patel argued that a secular government could not offer preferential treatment for any religious community, while Azad remained anxious to assure the rehabilitation of Muslims in India,

958: 1215: 1783: 1457: 704:(a literary magazine) at fourteen; was teaching a class of students, most of whom were twice his age, when he was fifteen; and completed the traditional course of study at the age of sixteen, nine years ahead of his contemporaries, and brought out a magazine at the same age. At the age of thirteen, he was married to a young Muslim girl, Zulaikha Begum. Azad compiled many treatises interpreting the 1374: 796:

became a full-fledged Indian nationalist. In his writing, Azad proved to be a fierce critic of both the British government and Muslim politicians; the former for its racial discrimination and refusal to provide for the needs of the Indian public, and the later for focusing on communal issues before matter of common-self interest (Azad pointedly rejected the

1406:, where they would remain under isolation and intense security for nearly four years. Outside news and communication had been largely prohibited and completely censored. Although frustrated at their incarceration and isolation, Azad and his companions attested to feeling a deep satisfaction at having done their duty to their country and people. 1206:. Azad served as president of the 1924 Unity Conference in Delhi, using his position to work to re-unite the Swarajists and the Khilafat leaders under the common banner of the Congress. In the years following the movement, Azad travelled across India, working extensively to promote Gandhi's vision, education and social reform. 1347:" for Muslims. Jinnah and the League's separatist agenda was gaining popular support amongst Muslims. Muslim religious and political leaders criticised Azad as being too close to the Congress and placing politics before Muslim welfare. As the Muslim League adopted a resolution calling for a separate Muslim state ( 1423:. Sharing daily chores, Azad also taught the Persian and Urdu languages, as well as Indian and world history to several of his companions. The leaders would generally avoid talking of politics, unwilling to cause any arguments that could exacerbate the pain of their imprisonment. However, each year on 1762:

The book is primarily an Urdu language book; however, there are over five hundred of couplets, mostly in Persian and Arabic languages. It is because, Maulana was born in a family where Arabic and Persian were used more frequently than Urdu. He was born in Mekkah, given formal education in Persian and

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accused by Muslims of overlooking attacks and neglecting their safety. Patel argued that the commissioner was not biased, and if his dismissal was forced it would provoke anger amongst Hindus and Sikhs and divide the city police. In Cabinet meetings and discussions with Gandhi, Patel and Azad clashed

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In face of increasing popular disenchantment with the British across India, Gandhi and Patel advocated an all-out rebellion demanding immediate independence. Azad was wary and sceptical of the idea, aware that India's Muslims were increasingly looking to Jinnah and had supported the war. Feeling that

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in 1922. Fearing degeneration into violence, Gandhi asked Indians to suspend the revolt and undertook a five-day fast to repent and encourage others to stop the rebellion. Although the movement stopped all over India, several Congress leaders and activists were disillusioned with Gandhi. By 1923, Ali

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The Ministry of Minority Affairs of the central Government of India set up the Maulana Azad Education Foundation in 1989 on the occasion of his birth centenary to promote education amongst educationally backward sections of the Society. The Ministry also provides the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National

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would briefly speak about the nation and the future. Azad and Nehru proposed an initiative to forge an agreement with the British in 1943. Arguing that the rebellion had been mistimed, Azad attempted to convince his colleagues that the Congress should agree to negotiate with the British and call for

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Azad remained a close confidante, supporter and advisor to prime minister Nehru, and played an important role in framing national policies. Azad masterminded the creation of national programmes of school and college construction and spreading the enrolment of children and young adults into schools,

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expressing fierce opposition. Azad privately discussed the proposal with Gandhi, Patel and Nehru, but despite his opposition was unable to deny the popularity of the League and the unworkability of any coalition with the League. Faced with the serious possibility of a civil war, Azad abstained from

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to calm the tensions and heal relations between Muslims and Hindus. Despite Azad's call for Hindu-Muslim unity, Jinnah's popularity amongst Muslims soared and the League entered a coalition with the Congress in December, but continued to boycott the constituent assembly. Later in his autobiography,

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In 1908, he took a trip of Egypt, Syria, Turkey and France where he came into contact with several revolutionaries such as followers of Kamal Mustafa Pasha, members of Young Turk Movement and Iranian revolutionaries. Azad developed political views considered radical for most Muslims of the time and

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and the mission's proposal of 16 June 1946 that envisaged the partition of India, Azad became a strong proponent of the mission's earlier proposal of 16 May. The proposal advocated a federal system with a limited central government and autonomy for the provinces. The central government would have

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In 1938, Azad served as an intermediary between the supporters of and the Congress faction led by Congress president Subhash Bose, who criticised Gandhi for not launching another rebellion against the British and sought to move the Congress away from Gandhi's leadership. Azad stood by Gandhi with

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by asking all Indians to boycott British-run schools, colleges, courts, public services, the civil service, police and military. Non-violence and Hindu-Muslim unity were universally emphasised, while the boycott of foreign goods, especially clothes were organised. Azad joined the Congress and was

630:, he left India and settled in Mecca. His father Muhammad Khairuddin bin Ahmed Al Hussaini wrote twelve books, had thousands of disciples, and claimed noble ancestry, while his mother was Sheikha Alia bint Mohammad, the daughter of Sheikh Mohammad bin Zaher AlWatri, himself a reputed scholar from 1754:

The book is basically a collection of 24 letters he wrote addressing his close friend Maulana Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani. These letters were never sent to him because there was no permission for that during the imprisonment and after the release in 1946, he gave all these letters to his friend

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in Delhi as an institution of higher education managed entirely by Indians without any British support or control. Both Azad and Gandhi shared a deep passion for religion and Azad developed a close friendship with him. He adopted the Islamic prophet Muhammad's ideas by living simply, rejecting

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status for India within a year. If not granted, the Congress would adopt the goal of complete political independence for India. Despite his affinity for Gandhi, Azad also drew close to the young radical leaders Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Bose, who had criticised the delay in demanding full

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As India's first Minister of Education, he emphasised on educating the rural poor and girls. As Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Education, he gave thrust to adult literacy, universal primary education, free and compulsory for all children up to the age of 14, girl's education, and

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an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year in India.

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from Calcutta, and openly attacked British policies while exploring the challenges facing common people. Espousing the ideals of Indian nationalism, Azad's publications were aimed at encouraging young Muslims into fighting for independence and Hindu-Muslim unity. With the onset of

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India's partition and independence on 15 August 1947 brought with it a scourge of violence that swept the Punjab, Bihar, Bengal, Delhi and many other parts of India. Millions of Hindus and Sikhs fled the newly created Pakistan for India, and millions of Muslims fled for

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Azad had been the Congress president since 1939, so he volunteered to resign in 1946. He nominated Nehru, who replaced him as Congress president and led the Congress into the interim government. Azad was appointed to head the Department of Education. However, Jinnah's

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Although the book is a collection of letters but except one or two letters, all other letters are unique and most of the letters deal with complex issues such as existence of God, the origin of religions, the origin of music and its place in religion, etc.

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to protest the salt tax and restriction of its production and sale. The biggest nationalist upheaval in a decade, Azad was imprisoned along with millions of people, and would frequently be jailed from 1930 to 1934 for long periods of time. Following the

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regarding the espousal of socialism as the Congress goal. Azad had backed the election of Nehru as Congress president, and supported the resolution endorsing socialism. In doing so, he aligned with Congress socialists like Nehru, Subhash Bose and

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in Mumbai, Congress president Azad inaugurated the struggle with a vociferous speech exhorting Indians into action. Just two days later, the British arrested Azad and the entire Congress leadership. While Gandhi was incarcerated at the

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in U. P. without taking help from British colonial government. He assisted in shifting the campus of the university from Aligarh to New Delhi in 1934. The main gate (Gate No. 7) to the main campus of the university is named after him.

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Fellowship, an integrated five-year fellowship in the form of financial assistance to students from minority communities to pursue higher studies such as M.Phil. and PhD In 1992 government of India honoured by giving posthumously

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During the course of 1922, both the Khilafat and the non cooperation movement suffered blow while Azad and other leaders like the Ali brothers were in jail. The movement had a sudden decline with rising incidences of violence; a

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appointed to propose constitutional reforms. The commission included no Indian members and did not even consult Indian leaders and experts. In response, the Congress and other political parties appointed a commission under

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the suspension of disobedience if the British agreed to transfer power. Although his proposal was overwhelmingly rejected, Azad and a few others agreed that Gandhi and the Congress had not done enough. When they learnt of

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for Muslims worldwide. The Sultan had sided against the British in the war and the continuity of his rule came under serious threat, causing distress amongst Muslim conservatives. Azad saw an opportunity to energise

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Azad supported Nehru's socialist economic and industrial policies, as well as the advancing social rights and economic opportunities for women and underprivileged Indians. In 1956, he served as president of the

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independence. Azad developed a close friendship with Nehru and began espousing socialism as the means to fight inequality, poverty and other national challenges. Azad decided the name of Muslim political party

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on 13 April 1919 had provoked intense outrage all over India, alienating most Indians, including long-time British supporters, from the authorities. The Khilafat struggle had also peaked with the defeat of the

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ordered that the tomb of Maulana Azad in New Delhi be renovated and restored as a major national monument. Azad's tomb is a major landmark and receives large numbers of visitors annually.

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Upon his release, Azad returned to a political atmosphere charged with sentiments of outrage and rebellion against British rule. The Indian public had been angered by the passage of the

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Azad indicated Patel having become more pro-partition than the Muslim League, largely due to the League's not co-operating with the Congress in the provisional government on any issue.

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With the end of the war, the British agreed to transfer power to Indian hands. All political prisoners were released in 1946 and Azad led the Congress in the elections for the new

7310: 7305: 1838:, Bab – e – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Gate No. 7), Jamia Millia Islamia, A Central (Minority) University in New Delhi, the Maulana Azad library in the Aligarh Muslim University in 2987: 824:. Azad initially evoked surprise from other revolutionaries, but Azad won their praise and confidence by working secretly to organise revolutionaries activities and meetings in 1649:

We must not for a moment forget, it is a birthright of every individual to receive at least the basic education without which he cannot fully discharge his duties as a citizen.

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Taking charge of the Congress, Gandhi also reached out to support the Khilafat struggle, helping to bridge Hindu-Muslim political divides. Azad and the Ali brothers – Maulana

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in 1919, which severely restricted civil liberties and individual rights. Consequently, thousands of political activists had been arrested and many publications banned. The

800:'s communal separatism). However, his views changed considerably when he met ethnically oriented Sunni revolutionary activists in Iraq and was influenced by their fervent 491:) as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as National Education Day across India. 4875: 3551: 3190: 1851: 4953: 1241:

and in the offices of general secretary and president many times. The political environment in India re-energised in 1928 with nationalist outrage against the

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diversification of secondary education and vocational training. Addressing the conference on All India Education on 16 January 1948, Maulana Azad emphasised,

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I have no doubt that the establishment of this Institute will form a landmark in the progress of higher technological education and research in the country.

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Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini, but he eventually became known as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Azad's forefathers had come to India from

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as "a research centre for solving new educational problems of the country". Under his leadership, the Ministry of Education established the first

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in 1921. His work helped improve the relationship between Hindus and Muslims in Bengal, which had been soured by the controversy surrounding the

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were to be partitioned on religious lines, and on 3 June 1947 the British announced a proposal to partition India on religious lines, with the

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agitation for Pakistan, launched on 16 August sparked communal violence across India. Thousands of people were killed as Azad travelled across

813: 3504: 1605:, religious freedom and equality for all Indians. He supported provisions for Muslim citizens to make avail of Muslim personal law in courts. 1117:. Although Azad and other leaders were soon arrested, the movement drew out millions of people in peaceful processions, strikes and protests. 7295: 6267: 3760: 1936:, a 2019 biographical film about Azad was directed by Rajendra Gupta Sanjay and Sanjay Singh Negi, with Linesh Fanse playing the title role. 1803: 583:

rebellion was launched. Azad was imprisoned, together with the entire Congress leadership. He also worked for Hindu–Muslim unity through the

2126:"Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Biography – Maulana Azad Indian Freedom Fighter – Information on Maulana Azad – History of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad" 498:, as well as treatises on religion and philosophy. He rose to prominence through his work as a journalist, publishing works critical of the 4113: 3977: 3561:

Azad's Careers – Roads taken and roads not taken – Lineages of the Present: Ideology and Politics in Contemporary South Asia By Aijaz Ahmad

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in Delhi. In recent years great concern has been expressed by many in India over the poor maintenance of the tomb. On 16 November 2005 the

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Douglas, Ian H. (1972). ""Abul Kalam Azad and Pakistan" A Post-Bangladesh Reconsideration of an Indian Muslim's Opposition to Partition".

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An Introduction to Abul Kalam Azad & collection of his quotes – Eminent Indian freedom fighters Vol2 Chapter 11 p. 310 By S.K. Sharma

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Azad, committed to a united India until his last attempt, was condemned by the advocates of Pakistan, especially the Muslim League.

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Amidst more incidences of violence in early 1947, the Congress-League coalition struggled to function. The provinces of Bengal and

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in a successful revolt against British authorities in 1918. Gandhi organised the people of the region and pioneered the art of

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He oversaw the setting up of the Central Institute of Education, Delhi, which later became the Department of Education of the

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Azad began his journalistic endeavours at an early age. In 1899 at the age of eleven he started publishing a poetical journal

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He is celebrated as one of the founders and greatest patrons of the Jamia Millia Islamia. Azad's tomb is located next to the

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voting on the resolution, remaining silent and not speaking throughout the AICC session, which ultimately approved the plan.

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Azad was running a library, a reading room, and a debating society before he was twelve; wanted to write on the life of

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Fahad, Obaidullah (2011). "Tracing Pluralistic Trends in Sīrah Literature: A Study of Some Contemporary Scholars".

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in 1931, and emerged as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading the causes of

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Proceedings of the 19th meeting of The Central Advisory Board of Education, New Delhi on 15 and 16 March 1952

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Speech of Hon'ble Human Resource Minister on National Education Day 2009, Ministry of HRD, Government of India

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matches played by his colleagues. In the early mornings, Azad began working on his classic Urdu work, the

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in 1931, Azad was amongst millions of political prisoners released. When elections were called under the

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Abu'l Kalam Azad, Chapter 44, pp. 325–333, Modernist Islam, 1840–1940: a sourcebook By Charles Kurzman

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General Conference held in Delhi. Azad spent the final years of his life focusing on writing his book

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remarked about Azad by counting him as "a person of the calibre of Plato, Aristotle and Pythagorus".

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Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel when he demanded the dismissal of Delhi's police commissioner, who was a

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and others, Azad grew personally close to Gandhi and his philosophy. The three men founded the

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in Punjab (modern-day Haryana), where he won on both seats. Gurgaon had a significant Muslim

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Numerous institutions across India have also been named in his honour. Some of them are the

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The Elephant, the Tiger and the Cellphone: Reflections on India in the Twenty-first Century

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This period marked a transformation in Azad's own life. Along with fellow Khilafat leaders

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with his maternal grandfather, as his father had died at a very young age. During the

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to propose constitutional reforms from Indian opinions. In 1928, Azad endorsed the

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brothers grew distant and critical of Gandhi and the Congress. Azad's close friend

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and socialism. He served as Congress president from 1940 to 1945, during which the

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In October 1920, Azad was elected as a member of foundation committee to establish

108: 3468: 1095:— combining mass civil disobedience with complete non-violence and self-reliance. 855:, the British stiffened censorship and restrictions on political activity. Azad's 7013: 6884: 6709: 6688: 6684: 6648: 6581: 6482: 6439: 6312: 6302: 6204: 6109: 6054: 5969: 5949: 5769: 5739: 5734: 5691: 5681: 5646: 5641: 5606: 5531: 5456: 5295: 5018: 4790: 4755: 4473: 4433: 4428: 4413: 4408: 4363: 4338: 4328: 3683: 3555: 3438: 3348:

Why Partition of India?: Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru, Azad - Congress and Muslim League

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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born on November 11, 1888, in Mecca. He came back to

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to promote universal primary education. He was elected to the lower house of the

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portraying the role of Azad. It was later shortened and re-released as the film

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in 1930, Azad organised and led the nationalist raid, albeit non-violent on the

1106:– warmly welcomed Congress support and began working together on a programme of 7060: 6768: 6652: 6613: 6599: 6561: 6557: 6144: 6094: 6084: 6064: 6029: 5989: 5974: 5696: 5626: 5611: 5551: 5541: 5370: 5260: 5130: 5105: 5080: 4978: 4931: 4810: 4795: 4571: 4373: 4368: 4253: 3707: 3441: 3358: 3195: 2254: 1913: 1881: 1484:, in his sixth year as Congress president. While attacking Jinnah's demand for 1074: 908: 899: 607: 511: 339: 303: 3576:

National Education Day 2012 Celebrated at Sangam University Bhilwara Rajasthan

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free to choose between either dominion. The proposal was hotly debated in the

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in 1944, Azad criticised Gandhi's move as counter-productive and ill-advised.

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as a first language, Azad began to master several other languages including

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Some Rare Speeches of Maulana Azad in the Audio Archives of Bhatkallys.com

3064:. Express News Service, Expressindia.com. 17 November 2005. Archived from 2837: 2816: 1262:

based on religion, and called for an independent India to be committed to

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Shri Salman Khurshid Launches Maulana Abul Kalam Azad National Fellowship

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prohibited his entry into the provinces and Azad was moved to a jail in

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in 1900. He contributed articles to Urdu magazines and journals such as

7025: 6995: 6849: 6814: 6785: 6780: 6516: 6510: 6149: 5924: 5874: 5789: 5441: 5325: 5160: 4468: 3755: 3585: 2941: 1950: 1602: 1403: 1402:, Azad and the Congress Working Committee were imprisoned at a fort in 1386: 1263: 1091: 982: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 697: 678: 579: 574: 3090: 7031: 7001: 6129: 6024: 5984: 5959: 5894: 5556: 5546: 5446: 3244: 2692:. India Today, special millennium issue, January 2000. Archived from 2058: 1614: 784: 775: 705: 3036: 2380:. Indiaedunews.net (11 November 2008). Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 1166:

which was also banned by December 1921. He along with the editor of

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and achieve major political and social reform through the struggle.

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seat. In 1957 He re-contested Rampur and also dually contested the

1485: 1348: 1283:, founder of All India Majlis-e-Ahrar. When Gandhi embarked on the 1271: 1267: 1214: 1069: 891: 638: 528: 450: 2969:, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 22 December 2009. 1818:, Maulana Azad Centre for Elementary and Social Education (MACESE 5651: 3132: 1917: 1835: 1308: 1133:

material possessions and pleasures. Becoming deeply committed to

689: 682: 558: 526:. Azad committed himself to Gandhi's ideals, including promoting 510:, during which he came into close contact with the Indian leader 195: 1782: 5175: 3037:"Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies --- Museum" 2009:, international cultural promotion organization founded by Azad 1807: 1744: 1700:, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran (Urdu تذکرہ ترجمان القُران), etc. 1634: 1500: 1445: 1437: 1414: 1355:

in 1940, Azad was elected Congress president in its session in

1352: 1203: 1135: 941: 903: 895: 833: 825: 674: 670: 654: 631: 615: 534: 374: 56: 3211:"Maulana Abul Kalam Azad remembered on National Education Day" 1456: 890:

In this period Azad also became active in his support for the

872:, which would become the Jamiat Ulema-e-Bangala branch of the 808:. Against common Muslim opinion of the time, Azad opposed the 3445: 3388:, by G. Rasool Abduhu, published by Sterling Publishers, 1973 1847: 1504: 937: 829: 722: 710: 623: 619: 603: 363: 331: 3254:"MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD: A Critical Analysis Life and Work" 1755:

Ajmal Khan who let it published for the first time in 1946.

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who had a reputation that extended even outside of Arabia.

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in 1953., He also laid emphasis on the development of the

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Azad, Patel and Gandhi at an AICC meeting in Bombay, 1940.

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Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence

6767: 3287:"Maulana Azad's Journalistic Crusade Against Colonialism" 3191:"Woh Jo Tha Ek Massiah Maulana Azad Movie Review {2.5/5}" 2655: 2263:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, 2087:"Maulana Azad and the Demand for Pakistan: A Reappraisal" 3321:

Abul Kalam Azad: An Intellectual and Religious Biography

2321:. USA: State University of New York Press. p. 219. 2156:"Remembering Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: A Short Biography" 7311:

Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh

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Members of the Council of the Governor General of India

1143:) himself, Azad grew close to fellow nationalists like 844:

He established an Urdu weekly newspaper in 1912 called

2954: 669:, and English. He was also trained in the Mazahibs of 30:"Abul Kalam Azad" redirects here. For other uses, see 2378:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad – The Builder of Modern India

2107: 471:; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian 449:

Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-

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Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh

3469:"Brief sketch of life and thinking of Maulana Azad" 790: 3002: 2319:Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter 1852:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies 1828:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies 1194:In 1923, he became the youngest man to be elected 944:, where he was incarcerated until 1 January 1920. 738:at Calcutta and was already an editor of a weekly 3815: 3368:Die politische Willensbildung in Indien 1900–1960 3107:Bulletin on Film Volume XLVII No. 6. 15 June 2003 2197:India Wins Freedom: An Autobiographical Narrative 2111:Two Nations: The Philosophy of Muslim Nationalism 839: 7147: 4961: 3386:The Educational Ideas of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 3105:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India) 2361:. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 139. 2150: 2148: 2146: 2084: 1832:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology 1066:killing of unarmed civilians at Jallianwala Bagh 700:at twelve; was contributing learned articles to 2687: 1763:Arabic languages but he was never taught Urdu. 622:. His father was a Muslim scholar who lived in 2872: 2870: 2223:. Iccrindia.net. Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 6753: 6390: 4947: 3801: 3601: 3505:"Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: The Odd Secularist" 3125: 2476: 2474: 2388: 2386: 2241: 2143: 1854:earlier, and is now the Maulana Azad Museum. 1804:Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology 7226:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India 3189:Purkayastha, Pallabi Dey (18 January 2019). 2957:. Maef.nic.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 2054:"International Urdu conference from Nov. 10" 1747:(now Mumbai) to preside over the meeting of 947: 924:and he was arrested. The governments of the 787:, continuing to work there until July 1908. 729: 152:21 February 1952 – 22 February 1958 3188: 2922:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 2899:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 106. 2867: 2741:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 5,7. 2200:. New Delhi: Orient Longman. pp. 1–2. 1939:His birthday, 11 November is celebrated as 1554: 757:In 1903, he brought out a monthly journal, 644: 565:Azad was one of the main organizers of the 7196:Presidents of the Indian National Congress 6760: 6746: 6397: 6383: 5462:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 4954: 4940: 3808: 3794: 3608: 3594: 3398:, Mujib Rizvi, Sughra Mahdi, published by 3291:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 2471: 2383: 2345:. The Hindu. Retrieved on 7 December 2018. 2114:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 211. 2091:Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 1774:deals with his social and spiritual life. 1727: 918:, which also got banned in 1916 under the 859:was consequently banned in 1914 under the 812:in 1905 and became increasingly active in 71: 7291:Indian independence activists from Bengal 4309:Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha 3463:. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Smarak Bhavan. 3458: 3374:Life and Works of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 2955:Maulana Azad Education Foundation website 2813:"About us Central Institute of Education" 1042:Learn how and when to remove this message 894:agitation to protect the position of the 765:, the Islamic theological journal of the 234:President of the Indian National Congress 177:14 March 1957 – 22 February 1958 98:15 August 1947 – 2 February 1958 7236:Prisoners and detainees of British India 7171:Indian independence activists from Delhi 6973:Shihab al-Din Abd al-Halim ibn Taymiyyah 4104:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 3615: 3452:Feathers & Stones "my study windows" 3449: 3083: 3029: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 1781: 1558: 1460:At Wardha Railway Station:Maulana Azad, 1455: 1385:Supporting the call for the British to " 1372: 1213: 494:As a young man, Azad composed poetry in 218:November 1946 – 26 January 1950 7241:Founders of Indian schools and colleges 3858:Indian National Congress (Organisation) 3838:History of the Indian National Congress 3258:The Indian Journal of Political Science 2919: 2760: 2758: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2046: 1777: 1515:, who had described him as the "Muslim 1511:Azad had grown increasingly hostile to 1359:. Speaking vehemently against Jinnah's 1258:. Azad endorsed the ending of separate 868:In 1913, he was founding member of the 532:(indigenous) products and the cause of 412:Theologian, scholar, political activist 14: 7148: 4883: 3140:from the original on 22 December 2021. 3003:Sharma, Arun Kumar (7 November 2010). 2789: 2787: 2785: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2313: 1667:Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 1331: 773:'s invitation. He worked as editor of 653:and self-taught. Following fluency in 7181:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam 6769:Muslim scholars of the Hanbali School 6741: 6378: 4935: 3789: 3589: 3401:Indian Council for Cultural Relations 2888: 2723: 2681: 2608: 2581: 2359:Indian Muslims and Partition of India 2309: 2307: 2025: 2007:Indian Council for Cultural Relations 1812:Maulana Azad National Urdu University 1669:and the Faculty of Technology of the 1451: 1311:, Azad was drawn into a dispute with 602:Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in 7296:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh 4861:Indian National Trade Union Congress 3054: 2894: 2755: 2736: 2636: 2226: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2019: 1749:All India Congress Working Committee 980:adding citations to reliable sources 951: 475:, writer and a senior leader of the 3144: 2980:"National Education Day celebrated" 2782: 2711: 2602: 2590: 2575: 2503: 2486: 1726: 1673:. He foresaw a great future in the 1198:. Azad led efforts to organise the 24: 7271:Translators of the Quran into Urdu 3339: 3062:"Restore Maulana Azad's grave: HC" 2990:from the original on 25 March 2014 2304: 1934:Woh Jo Tha Ek Massiah Maulana Azad 1703: 1270:, Azad endorsed Gandhi's call for 1266:. At the 1928 Congress session in 1209: 25: 7322: 4856:National Students' Union of India 3531: 3434:, Aligarh, 1989, p. 107–112. 3357:Maulana Azad's commentary on the 3317: 3284: 3015:from the original on 4 March 2016 2986:. Krishnagiri. 14 November 2011. 2616:. Orient Blackswan. p. 235. 2569: 2557: 2545: 2480: 2465: 2440: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2392: 2180: 2118: 2062:. 7 November 2010. Archived from 2003:, a theory first proposed by Azad 1685: 1629:making it a safe seat for Azad. 6805:(founder of the school; 780–855) 5156:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 4916: 4915: 4866:All India Professionals Congress 3819: 3461:Sardar's letters, mostly unknown 3232: 3128:"Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Ep 1" 2688:Hasan, Mushirul (January 2000). 2454:Maulana Azad's Political History 1982: 1970: 1958: 1770:is about his political life and 1690:Azad wrote many books including 1307:At the 1936 Congress session in 956: 921:Defence of India Regulations Act 914:Azad started a new journal, the 791:Struggle for Indian Independence 506:. Azad became the leader of the 434: 32:Abul Kalam Azad (disambiguation) 7286:20th-century Indian journalists 7281:Members of the Cabinet of India 7084:Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Saffarini 5396:Provisional Government of India 3419:, Saifia College, Bhopal, 1990. 3392:India's Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 3318:Douglas, Ian Henderson (1993). 3203: 3182: 3164: 3126:Mazahir Rahim (21 April 2016). 3119: 2972: 2960: 2948: 2913: 2849: 2831: 2805: 2770: 2630: 2563: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2459: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2410: 2398: 2371: 2348: 2335: 2001:Cyrus the Great as Dhul-Qarnayn 1891:in the 1982 biographical film, 1766:It is often said that his book 1409:Azad occupied the time playing 1162:In 1921, he started the weekly 967:needs additional citations for 140:Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha 7201:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna 6809:Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajani 4439:Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya 3450:Pattabhi, Sitaramayya (1946). 3251: 3172:"Aashiq-e -Vatan Maulana Azad" 2533: 2504:Huq, Mushirul (23 July 2006). 2341:Ayoob, Mohammed (25 May 2018) 2214: 2108:Anil Chandra Banerjee (1981). 2101: 2078: 1856:National Education Day (India) 1659:Indian Institute of Technology 1113:also elected president of the 1077:in World War I and the raging 840:Al-Hilal and Khilafat movement 13: 1: 7186:Indian people of Arab descent 6838:Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Barbahari 4294:Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar 3370:; 1965 von Dietmar Rothermund 3158:Directorate of Film Festivals 2265:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 2013: 1930:Aashiq-e-Vatan - Maulana Azad 1478:Constituent Assembly of India 1413:and acting as the referee in 597: 518:, and worked to organise the 206:Constituent Assembly of India 7276:Education ministers of India 6005:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari 5281:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 4963:Indian independence movement 4625:Chembakassery Mathai Stephen 3894:All India Congress Committee 3868:Indian National Congress (I) 3863:Indian National Congress (R) 3252:Pant, Vijay Prakash (2010). 1887:Azad was portrayed by actor 1800:Maulana Azad Medical College 1663:University Grants Commission 1537:All India Congress Committee 1427:, which was then considered 1302:Government of India Act 1935 1115:All India Khilafat Committee 592: 502:and espousing the causes of 7: 7301:People from Rampur district 7206:20th-century Indian Muslims 6891:Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi 6195:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 5582:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 4299:Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur 3549:APJ Abdul Kalam Scholarship 3422:Maulana Azad Aur Bhopal by 3407:Maulana Azad ek Muttala by 3382:, by Mahadev Haribhai Desai 3324:. Oxford University Press. 3238: 2776: 2764: 2717: 2663:"The man who stayed behind" 2596: 1994: 1281:Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari 1079:Turkish War of Independence 10: 7327: 7096:Sulayman ibn Abd al-Wahhab 7090:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 5930:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 5482:Indian Independence League 5199:Partition of Bengal (1947) 5194:Partition of Bengal (1905) 4109:Dadra and Nagar Haveli Diu 3899:Congress Working Committee 2614:Transfer of Power in India 2247:"Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam" 2194:Azad, Abul Kalam (2003) . 2160:Institute of Asian Studies 1707: 1335: 1279:. He was also a friend of 1239:Congress Working Committee 1053: 880:and the issue of separate 36: 29: 7111: 7076: 7047: 6988: 6967:Majd ad-Din ibn Taymiyyah 6953: 6906: 6859: 6824: 6795: 6775: 6702: 6641: 6532: 6465: 6414: 6321: 6220: 6105:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi 5905:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi 5725: 5602:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 5522: 5477:Indian Home Rule movement 5419: 5316:Fourteen Points of Jinnah 5256:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 5184: 5121: 4969: 4913: 4874: 4846:All India Mahila Congress 4833: 4673: 4587: 4580: 4532: 4154: 4134: 4086: 3920: 3907: 3881: 3828: 3623: 3459:Nandurkar, G. M. (1981). 3432:Aligarh Muslim University 3346:Ashraf, Muhammad Arslan. 2895:Azad, Abul Kalam (2010). 2737:Azad, Abul Kalam (2010). 2221:Biography Of Maulana Azad 2085:Chawla, Muhammad (2016). 1912:in the 1990s and starred 1157:Aligarh Muslim University 948:Non-co-operation Movement 902:, who was considered the 870:Anjuman-i-Ulama-i-Bangala 730:Early journalistic career 641:with his family in 1890. 520:non-co-operation movement 442: 430: 416: 408: 400: 390: 380: 370: 353: 318: 313: 309: 297: 285: 274: 262: 250: 239: 232: 222: 211: 203: 181: 170: 156: 145: 138: 126: 114: 102: 91: 83: 79: 70: 54: 7176:Indian religious writers 6869:(952–1020 CE/341–410 AH) 6426:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 6344:Indian annexation of Goa 6190:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 5702:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 5467:Indian National Congress 5266:Non-cooperation movement 4199:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee 4164:Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee 3817:Indian National Congress 3424:Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman 3409:Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman 3285:Qaiyoom, Nishat (2012). 3005:"Visionary educationist" 2343:Remembering Maulana Azad 2257:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). 2175:with his family in 1890. 1555:Post-Independence career 1313:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1056:Non-Cooperation Movement 822:Shyam Sundar Chakravarty 814:revolutionary activities 714:, and the principles of 645:Education and influences 628:Indian Rebellion of 1857 548:Indian National Congress 477:Indian National Congress 395:Indian National Congress 371:Cause of death 37:Not to be confused with 7251:Indian male journalists 6938:Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi 6349:Indian Independence Act 5935:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 5910:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 5880:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao 5617:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 5597:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai 5432:All-India Muslim League 5386:Royal Air Force strikes 5351:Round table conferences 5341:Chittagong armoury raid 5231:Hindu–German Conspiracy 5214:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy 4984:Porto Grande de Bengala 4681:N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar 4344:C. Vijayaraghavachariar 3543:Encyclopædia Britannica 3430:(Maulana Azad Number), 3380:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 2934:10.1093/jaarel/XL.4.458 2584:Sardarshri Ke Patra (2) 1906:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1545:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1482:British Cabinet Mission 1277:Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam 1159:and the Muslim League. 798:All-India Muslim League 522:in protest of the 1919 7256:Journalists from Delhi 7067:Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali 7020:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 6914:Awn al-Din ibn Hubayra 6885:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 6477:Purushottam Das Tandon 6135:Syama Prasad Mukherjee 6040:Purushottam Das Tandon 5406:Praja Mandala movement 5220:The Indian Sociologist 4891:Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu 4444:Purushottam Das Tandon 4314:Ambica Charan Mazumdar 3415:, Edited by Professor 3396:Syeda Saiyidain Hameed 3153:National Film Festival 3100:The Free Press Journal 3091:"Virendra Razdan dead" 2861:13 August 2007 at the 2856:IIT Kharagpur, History 2843:6 January 2010 at the 2799:7 October 2010 at the 1941:National Education Day 1850:. His home housed the 1787: 1683: 1651: 1623:Gurgaon Lok Sabha seat 1572: 1539:, with Muslim leaders 1525: 1473: 1378: 1371: 1234: 1176:nationalist mob killed 425:(posthumously in 1992) 7266:Urdu-language writers 6867:Abu al-Fadl al-Tamimi 6359:Political integration 6100:Shyamji Krishna Varma 5885:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 5830:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 5662:Rettamalai Srinivasan 5622:Mahadev Govind Ranade 5427:All India Kisan Sabha 5391:Coup d'état of Yanaon 5291:Qissa Khwani massacre 5276:Coolie-Begar movement 5091:Second Anglo-Sikh War 4901:Anumula Revanth Reddy 4851:Indian Youth Congress 4726:Kodardas Kalidas Shah 4701:Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim 4264:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 4249:Surendranath Banerjee 4214:Surendranath Banerjee 3649:Deputy Prime Minister 3554:30 April 2019 at the 3454:. Padma Publications. 3437:Maulana Azad: A Life 3394:, by Abulkalam Azad, 2882:16 April 2009 at the 1904:A television series, 1786:Abu Kalam Azad's tomb 1785: 1679: 1647: 1590:Deputy prime minister 1562: 1521: 1459: 1433:Azad, Nehru and Patel 1376: 1367: 1287:that inaugurated the 1217: 836:(now called Mumbai). 606:, then a part of the 573:as well as espousing 473:independence activist 86:Minister of Education 7156:First Nehru ministry 6979:Zayn al-Din al-Amidi 6879:Abu Ali ibn al-Banna 6679:Madan Mohan Malaviya 6675:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 6604:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 6493:Pandurang Vaman Kane 6185:Veeran Sundaralingam 6140:Tara Rani Srivastava 6075:Sahajanand Saraswati 5965:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi 5850:Chandra Shekhar Azad 5755:Alluri Sitarama Raju 5712:Vitthal Ramji Shinde 5667:Sahajanand Saraswati 5587:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar 5487:Indian National Army 5331:Dharasana Satyagraha 5236:Champaran Satyagraha 5086:First Anglo-Sikh War 4484:Shankar Dayal Sharma 4464:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 4404:Madan Mohan Malaviya 4384:Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari 4379:S. Srinivasa Iyengar 4324:Madan Mohan Malaviya 4279:Madan Mohan Malaviya 4244:Dinshaw Edulji Wacha 4219:Rahimtulla M. Sayani 3617:First Nehru ministry 3160:. 1993. p. 125. 1947:Commemorative stamps 1899:Richard Attenborough 1844:Maulana Azad Stadium 1824:Maulana Azad College 1778:Legacy and influence 1351:) in its session in 1293:Dharasana salt works 1130:Jamia Millia Islamia 1122:Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari 976:improve this article 614:. His real name was 567:Dharasana Satyagraha 555:Jamia Millia Islamia 7231:India MPs 1957–1962 7221:India MPs 1952–1957 7216:Indian nationalists 7102:Fatima al-Fudayliya 6944:Abdul-Razzaq Gilani 6832:Abu Bakr al-Khallal 6722:P. V. Narasimha Rao 6620:Jayaprakash Narayan 6499:Lal Bahadur Shastri 6456:Dhondo Keshav Karve 6450:Govind Ballabh Pant 6170:V. K. Krishna Menon 6115:Subhas Chandra Bose 6000:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 5995:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 5890:Govind Ballabh Pant 5870:Dayananda Saraswati 5795:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 5592:Gopal Hari Deshmukh 5572:Dhondo Keshav Karve 5567:Dayananda Saraswati 5562:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 5537:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer 5050:Anglo-Maratha Wars 4751:Narayan Dutt Tiwari 4736:Kamalapati Tripathi 4731:Uma Shankar Dikshit 4691:Lal Bahadur Shastri 4640:P. V. Narasimha Rao 4605:Lal Bahadur Shastri 4567:P. V. Narasimha Rao 4547:Lal Bahadur Shastri 4504:P. V. Narasimha Rao 4424:Subhas Chandra Bose 4359:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 4304:Bhupendra Nath Bose 4234:Romesh Chunder Dutt 4094:Andaman and Nicobar 3848:Nehru–Gandhi family 2699:on 22 November 2008 2066:on 11 November 2010 1916:in the title role. 1876:referred to him as 1655:University of Delhi 1440:holding talks with 1338:Quit India Movement 1332:Quit India Movement 1326:Jayaprakash Narayan 1256:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1237:Azad served on the 1153:Subhas Chandra Bose 878:partition of Bengal 874:Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind 810:partition of Bengal 292:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 6920:Abdul Qadir Gilani 6844:Abu Bakr al-Ajurri 6714:Lal Krishna Advani 6610:M. S. Subbulakshmi 6552:M. G. Ramachandran 6546:Abdul Ghaffar Khan 6473:Bidhan Chandra Roy 6422:C. Rajagopalachari 6354:Partition of India 6200:Yashwantrao Holkar 6165:V. O. Chidamabaram 6120:Subramania Bharati 6050:Rahul Sankrityayan 6035:Pritilata Waddedar 5945:Shri Krishna Singh 5845:C. Rajagopalachari 5835:Bidhan Chandra Roy 5820:Bhavabhushan Mitra 5805:Begum Hazrat Mahal 5760:Annapurna Maharana 5632:Muthulakshmi Reddy 5577:G. Subramania Iyer 5271:Christmas Day Plot 5146:Indian nationalism 5096:Sannyasi rebellion 4994:East India Company 4821:Mallikarjun Kharge 4706:Yashwantrao Chavan 4660:Sushilkumar Shinde 4620:Yashwantrao Chavan 4524:Mallikarjun Kharge 4289:Bishan Narayan Dar 4284:William Wedderburn 4239:N. G. Chandavarkar 4184:William Wedderburn 3517:on 18 October 2006 3448:, New Delhi, 2023. 3417:Abdul Qavi Desnavi 3239:Gandhi, R (1990). 3217:. 12 November 2008 3215:The Indian Express 3071:on 4 December 2007 2669:. 11 November 2007 2130:www.iloveindia.com 1802:in New Delhi, the 1788: 1768:India Wins Freedom 1693:India Wins Freedom 1639:India Wins Freedom 1573: 1569:Rashtrapati Bhavan 1563:Maulana Azad with 1541:Saifuddin Kitchlew 1474: 1452:Partition of India 1379: 1345:Day of Deliverance 1321:C. Rajagopalachari 1235: 1232:C. Rajagopalachari 1196:Congress president 571:Hindu–Muslim unity 516:civil disobedience 504:Indian nationalism 385:Jama Masjid, Delhi 121:Office Established 43:A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 7261:People from Mecca 7140: 7139: 6932:Hammad al-Harrani 6873:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 6735: 6734: 6726:M. S. Swaminathan 6628:Gopinath Bordoloi 6572:Vallabhbhai Patel 6372: 6371: 6339:Republic of India 6175:Vallabhbhai Patel 6160:Ubaidullah Sindhi 6060:Ram Prasad Bismil 5955:M. Bhaktavatsalam 5915:Jatindra Nath Das 5840:Bipin Chandra Pal 5775:Babu Kunwar Singh 5745:Achyut Patwardhan 5502:Khudai Khidmatgar 5346:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 5286:Kakori conspiracy 5246:Rowlatt Committee 5209:Direct Action Day 5171:Swadeshi movement 5151:Khilafat Movement 5141:Hindu nationalism 5101:Rebellion of 1857 5024:Anglo-Mysore Wars 5014:Battle of Plassey 4929: 4928: 4909: 4908: 4829: 4828: 4761:Shankarrao Chavan 4399:Vallabhbhai Patel 4274:Rash Behari Ghosh 4189:Pherozeshah Mehta 4150: 4149: 3978:Jammu and Kashmir 3933:Arunachal Pradesh 3873:Breakaway parties 3843:Electoral history 3783: 3782: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3692: 3680: 3668: 3656: 3640: 3363:Tarjuman al-Quran 3331:978-0-19-563279-8 3096:The Deccan Herald 2906:978-81-260-0132-3 2748:978-81-260-0132-3 2641:. Penguin India. 2328:978-0-88706-196-7 2253:; Miah, Sajahan; 2207:978-81-250-0514-8 1611:Indian Parliament 1584:, created out of 1496:Direct Action Day 1462:Acharya Kripalani 1362:Two-Nation Theory 1298:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 1052: 1051: 1044: 1026: 926:Bombay Presidency 904:Caliph or Khalifa 508:Khilafat Movement 446: 445: 27:Indian politician 16:(Redirected from 7318: 7211:Hashemite people 7038:Haji Bayram Wali 6803:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 6762: 6755: 6748: 6739: 6738: 6693:Pranab Mukherjee 6669:Sachin Tendulkar 6596:Gulzarilal Nanda 6444:Jawaharlal Nehru 6399: 6392: 6385: 6376: 6375: 6364:Simla Conference 6155:Tiruppur Kumaran 6125:Subramaniya Siva 6080:Sangolli Rayanna 6070:Rash Behari Bose 6010:Nagnath Naikwadi 5920:Jawaharlal Nehru 5865:Dadabhai Naoroji 5860:Chittaranjan Das 5750:A. K. Fazlul Huq 5672:Savitribai Phule 5497:Khaksar movement 5452:Berlin Committee 5437:Anushilan Samiti 5401:Independence Day 5361:Aundh Experiment 5336:Vedaranyam March 5241:Kheda Satyagraha 5226:Singapore Mutiny 5009:Portuguese India 4956: 4949: 4942: 4933: 4932: 4919: 4918: 4881: 4880: 4816:Ghulam Nabi Azad 4801:Abhishek Singhvi 4741:Pranab Mukherjee 4721:Jaisukhlal Hathi 4711:Jaisukhlal Hathi 4655:Pranab Mukherjee 4600:Gulzarilal Nanda 4595:Jawaharlal Nehru 4585: 4584: 4552:Gulzarilal Nanda 4542:Jawaharlal Nehru 4449:Jawaharlal Nehru 4419:Jawaharlal Nehru 4394:Jawaharlal Nehru 4354:Chittaranjan Das 4349:Hakim Ajmal Khan 4269:Dadabhai Naoroji 4229:Anandamohan Bose 4224:C. Sankaran Nair 4204:Dadabhai Naoroji 4174:Badruddin Tyabji 4169:Dadabhai Naoroji 3973:Himachal Pradesh 3918: 3917: 3823: 3810: 3803: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3646: 3637:External Affairs 3630: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3587: 3586: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3513:. 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Archived from 2506:"President Azad" 2501: 2484: 2478: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2352: 2346: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2315:Gandhi, Rajmohan 2311: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2239: 2224: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2191: 2178: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2152: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2023: 1986: 1974: 1962: 1874:Jawaharlal Nehru 1868:Delhi High Court 1820:Delhi University 1743:while he was in 1730: 1729: 1671:Delhi University 1661:in 1951 and the 1619:Rampur Lok Sabha 1420:Ghubhar-i-Khatir 1285:Dandi Salt March 1243:Simon Commission 1220:Simla Conference 1185:Chittaranjan Das 1178:22 policemen in 1149:Chittaranjan Das 1145:Jawaharlal Nehru 1126:Hakim Ajmal Khan 1109:non-co-operation 1047: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1027: 1025: 984: 960: 952: 930:United Provinces 806:Arab nationalism 802:anti-imperialism 637:Azad settled in 610:, now a part of 470: 468: 467: 466: 464: 438: 426: 360: 357:22 February 1958 349: 329:11 November 1888 328: 326: 314:Personal details 300: 288: 279: 265: 253: 244: 227:United Provinces 216: 199: 175: 150: 129: 117: 109:Jawaharlal Nehru 105: 96: 75: 52: 51: 21: 7326: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7136: 7107: 7072: 7043: 7014:Ibn Abd al-Hadi 6984: 6949: 6902: 6855: 6820: 6791: 6771: 6766: 6736: 6731: 6710:Karpoori Thakur 6698: 6689:Bhupen Hazarika 6685:Nanaji Deshmukh 6649:Lata Mangeshkar 6637: 6582:Abul Kalam Azad 6528: 6483:Rajendra Prasad 6461: 6440:M. Visvesvaraya 6410: 6403: 6373: 6368: 6329:Cabinet Mission 6317: 6221:British leaders 6216: 6205:Yogendra Shukla 6110:Siraj ud-Daulah 6065:Rani Lakshmibai 6055:Rajendra Prasad 6045:R. Venkataraman 5990:Mithuben Petit‎ 5970:Mahadaji Shinde 5950:Lala Lajpat Rai 5785:Bahadur Shah II 5770:Ashfaqulla Khan 5740:Accamma Cherian 5735:Abul Kalam Azad 5727: 5721: 5692:Syed Ahmad Khan 5682:Sister Nivedita 5647:Pandita Ramabai 5642:Niralamba Swami 5607:J. B. Kripalani 5532:Ashfaqulla Khan 5524: 5518: 5457:Ghadar Movement 5415: 5296:Flag Satyagraha 5204:Revolutionaries 5186: 5180: 5123: 5117: 5019:Battle of Buxar 4965: 4960: 4930: 4925: 4905: 4876:Chief ministers 4870: 4834:Political wings 4825: 4791:Digvijaya Singh 4756:P. Shiv Shankar 4669: 4576: 4534:Prime ministers 4528: 4474:S. Nijalingappa 4434:J. B. Kripalani 4429:Abul Kalam Azad 4414:Rajendra Prasad 4409:Nellie Sengupta 4364:Abul Kalam Azad 4339:Lala Lajpat Rai 4329:Syed Hasan Imam 4146: 4130: 4082: 3912: 3910: 3903: 3877: 3824: 3814: 3784: 3779: 3723:(Public Works, 3619: 3614: 3556:Wayback Machine 3538:Abul Kalam Azad 3534: 3529: 3520: 3518: 3503: 3494: 3492: 3479: 3467: 3342: 3340:Further reading 3332: 3235: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3187: 3183: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3018: 3016: 2993: 2991: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2897:Ghubar-e-Khatir 2893: 2889: 2884:Wayback Machine 2875: 2868: 2863:Wayback Machine 2854: 2850: 2845:Wayback Machine 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2819:on 5 March 2012 2811: 2810: 2806: 2801:Wayback Machine 2792: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2756: 2749: 2739:Ghubar-e-Khatir 2735: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2607: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2515:on 9 April 2009 2512: 2502: 2487: 2479: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2452:Osmani, Ahmed. 2451: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2384: 2376: 2372: 2353: 2349: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2312: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2275: 2255:Khanam, Mahfuza 2240: 2227: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2192: 2181: 2164: 2162: 2154: 2153: 2144: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2106: 2102: 2083: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2028:Islamic Studies 2024: 2020: 2016: 1997: 1990: 1987: 1978: 1975: 1966: 1963: 1889:Virendra Razdan 1780: 1772:Ghubar-e-Khatir 1733:Ahmednagar Fort 1719:Sallies of Mind 1715:Ghubar-e-Khatir 1712: 1710:Ghubar-e-khatir 1706: 1704:Ghubar-e-Khatir 1698:Ghubar-e-Khatir 1688: 1565:Rajendra Prasad 1557: 1533:princely states 1454: 1396:Aga Khan Palace 1340: 1334: 1317:Rajendra Prasad 1289:Salt Satyagraha 1224:Rajendra Prasad 1212: 1210:Congress leader 1200:Flag Satyagraha 1187:co-founded the 1058: 1048: 1037: 1031: 1028: 985: 983: 973: 961: 950: 842: 818:Aurobindo Ghosh 793: 781:Dar-ul-Saltunat 767:Nadwatu l-Ulama 752:Khadang e Nazar 736:Nairang-e-Aalam 732: 647: 600: 595: 462: 459: 458: 456: 424: 423: 391:Political party 362: 358: 343: 342: 330: 324: 322: 298: 286: 280: 275: 269:J. B. Kripalani 263: 257:Rajendra Prasad 251: 245: 240: 217: 212: 193: 192: 176: 171: 151: 146: 127: 115: 103: 97: 92: 66: 63: 59: 46: 39:Azad Abul Kalam 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Abul Kalam Azad 15: 12: 11: 5: 7324: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7246:Indian editors 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7112: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7099: 7098:(1699–1793/94) 7093: 7087: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7064: 7058: 7055:Mar'i al-Karmi 7051: 7049: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6894: 6888: 6882: 6876: 6870: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6818: 6812: 6806: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6783: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6765: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6742: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6706: 6704: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6682: 6672: 6662: 6656: 6653:Bismillah Khan 6645: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6617: 6614:C. Subramaniam 6607: 6600:Aruna Asaf Ali 6593: 6579: 6565: 6562:Nelson Mandela 6558:B. R. Ambedkar 6555: 6549: 6543: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6502: 6496: 6486: 6480: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6453: 6447: 6433: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6405:Recipients of 6402: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6145:Tarak Nath Das 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6095:Shuja-ud-Daula 6092: 6087: 6085:Sarojini Naidu 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6030:Prafulla Chaki 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5975:Mahatma Gandhi 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5731: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5697:Vakkom Moulavi 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5627:Mahatma Gandhi 5624: 5619: 5614: 5612:Jyotirao Phule 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5552:B. R. Ambedkar 5549: 5544: 5542:Ayya Vaikundar 5539: 5534: 5528: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5371:Cripps Mission 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5261:Noakhali riots 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5190: 5188: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5124:and ideologies 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5106:Radcliffe Line 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5081:Vellore Mutiny 5078: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4959: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4936: 4927: 4926: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4887: 4885: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4811:Manmohan Singh 4808: 4803: 4798: 4796:P. Chidambaram 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4696:Govind Ballabh 4693: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4589: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4572:Manmohan Singh 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4374:Sarojini Naidu 4371: 4369:Mahatma Gandhi 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4254:Lalmohan Ghosh 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4111: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3998:Madhya Pradesh 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3928:Andhra Pradesh 3924: 3922: 3915: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3813: 3812: 3805: 3798: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3741: 3737:Communications 3729: 3717: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3669: 3657: 3641: 3633:Prime Minister 3624: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3546: 3533: 3532:External links 3530: 3528: 3527: 3501: 3481:"Life of Azad" 3477: 3465: 3456: 3442:S. Irfan Habib 3435: 3420: 3405: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3355: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3315: 3282: 3249: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3228: 3202: 3196:Times of India 3181: 3163: 3143: 3118: 3082: 3053: 3041:makaias.gov.in 3028: 3026: 3025: 2971: 2959: 2947: 2928:(4): 458–479. 2912: 2905: 2887: 2866: 2848: 2830: 2804: 2781: 2769: 2754: 2747: 2722: 2710: 2680: 2654: 2647: 2629: 2622: 2601: 2589: 2586:. p. 390. 2574: 2562: 2550: 2538: 2526: 2485: 2470: 2468:, pp. 680, 681 2458: 2445: 2433: 2431:, pp. 679, 680 2421: 2409: 2407:, pp. 678, 679 2397: 2382: 2370: 2347: 2334: 2327: 2303: 2273: 2251:Islam, Sirajul 2225: 2213: 2206: 2179: 2142: 2117: 2100: 2077: 2045: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2004: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1957: 1922:Seher Hone Tak 1914:Mangal Dhillon 1897:, directed by 1882:Mahatma Gandhi 1878:Mir-i- Karawan 1779: 1776: 1708:Main article: 1705: 1702: 1687: 1686:Literary works 1684: 1627:Meo population 1556: 1553: 1453: 1450: 1336:Main article: 1333: 1330: 1211: 1208: 1075:Ottoman Empire 1054:Main article: 1050: 1049: 991:"Maulana Azad" 964: 962: 955: 949: 946: 909:Indian Muslims 900:Ottoman Turkey 841: 838: 792: 789: 759:Lissan-us-Sidq 748:Ahsanul Akhbar 731: 728: 646: 643: 608:Ottoman Empire 599: 596: 594: 591: 512:Mahatma Gandhi 444: 443: 440: 439: 432: 428: 427: 418: 414: 413: 410: 406: 405: 404:Zulaikha Begum 402: 398: 397: 392: 388: 387: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 361:(aged 69) 355: 351: 350: 340:Ottoman Empire 320: 316: 315: 311: 310: 307: 306: 304:Mahatma Gandhi 301: 295: 294: 289: 283: 282: 272: 271: 266: 260: 259: 254: 248: 247: 237: 236: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 209: 208: 204:Member of the 201: 200: 183: 179: 178: 168: 167: 158: 154: 153: 143: 142: 136: 135: 130: 124: 123: 118: 112: 111: 106: 104:Prime Minister 100: 99: 89: 88: 81: 80: 77: 76: 68: 67: 64: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7323: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7144: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7103: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6945: 6942: 6939: 6936: 6933: 6930: 6927: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6898: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6823: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6794: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6770: 6763: 6758: 6756: 6751: 6749: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6659:Bhimsen Joshi 6657: 6654: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6587: 6586:J. R. D. Tata 6583: 6580: 6577: 6576:Morarji Desai 6573: 6569: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6523:Mother Teresa 6521: 6518: 6515: 6512: 6509: 6506: 6505:Indira Gandhi 6503: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6377: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6090:Satyapal Dang 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6015:Nana Fadnavis 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5980:Mangal Pandey 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5940:Khudiram Bose 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5855:Chetram Jatav 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825:Bhikaiji Cama 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5815:Bharathidasan 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5800:Basawon Singh 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5687:Sri Aurobindo 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5657:Ram Mohan Roy 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5637:Narayana Guru 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420:Organisations 5418: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5381:Bombay Mutiny 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5366:Indian Legion 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5306:1928 Protests 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5251:Rowlatt Bills 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4957: 4952: 4950: 4945: 4943: 4938: 4937: 4934: 4924: 4923: 4912: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4806:Rajeev Shukla 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4781:Jairam Ramesh 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4686:Charu Chandra 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4615:Indira Gandhi 4613: 4611: 4610:Satya Narayan 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4557:Indira Gandhi 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509:Sitaram Kesri 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4494:Indira Gandhi 4492: 4490: 4489:D. 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Barooah 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459:Indira Gandhi 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4389:Motilal Nehru 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4334:Motilal Nehru 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4114:Daman and Diu 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4073:Uttar Pradesh 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:The Emergency 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3799: 3797: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3774: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3544: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3473:Liveindia.com 3470: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3333: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3243:. Navajivan, 3242: 3241:Patel: A Life 3237: 3236: 3233:Cited sources 3216: 3212: 3206: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3086: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2885: 2881: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2778: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2750: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2719: 2714: 2695: 2691: 2684: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2650: 2648:9780670081455 2644: 2640: 2637:Azad (2007). 2633: 2625: 2623:9788125008842 2619: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2598: 2593: 2585: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2530: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2467: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2442: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2374: 2368: 2367:9788171563746 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2338: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2308: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2274:984-32-0576-6 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2243:Sirajul Islam 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2222: 2217: 2209: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2176: 2174: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2113: 2112: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2081: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2018: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1985: 1980: 1973: 1968: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1784: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1617:in 1952 from 1616: 1612: 1606: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1594:Home Minister 1591: 1587: 1583: 1582:East Pakistan 1579: 1578:West Pakistan 1570: 1566: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1429:Poorna Swaraj 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248:Motilal Nehru 1244: 1240: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1180:Chauri Chaura 1177: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1046: 1043: 1035: 1032:February 2021 1024: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 993: – 992: 988: 987:Find sources: 981: 977: 971: 970: 965:This section 963: 959: 954: 953: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 922: 917: 912: 910: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 886: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 863: 858: 854: 849: 848: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 788: 786: 782: 778: 777: 772: 771:Shibli Nomani 768: 764: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 727: 725: 724: 719: 718: 713: 712: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 651:home-schooled 642: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 590: 588: 587: 582: 581: 576: 572: 568: 563: 560: 556: 551: 549: 545: 541: 537: 536: 531: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 465: 454: 452: 441: 437: 433: 429: 422: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 396: 393: 389: 386: 383: 381:Resting place 379: 376: 373: 369: 365: 356: 352: 347: 344:(present-day 341: 337: 333: 321: 317: 312: 308: 305: 302: 296: 293: 290: 284: 278: 273: 270: 267: 261: 258: 255: 249: 243: 238: 235: 231: 228: 225: 221: 215: 210: 207: 202: 197: 194:(present-day 191: 187: 184: 180: 174: 169: 166: 165:Uttar Pradesh 162: 159: 155: 149: 144: 141: 137: 134: 133:K.L. Shrimali 131: 125: 122: 119: 113: 110: 107: 101: 95: 90: 87: 82: 78: 74: 69: 62: 58: 53: 50: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 7142: 7008:Ibn Taymiyya 6926:Ibn al-Jawzi 6779:by century ( 6718:Charan Singh 6665:C. N. R. Rao 6632:Ravi Shankar 6590:Satyajit Ray 6568:Rajiv Gandhi 6540:Vinoba Bhave 6489:Zakir Husain 6407:Bharat Ratna 6334:Constitution 6322:Independence 6209: 6180:Vanchinathan 5810:Bhagat Singh 5765:Annie Besant 5726:Independence 5707:Vinoba Bhave 5511: 5507:Swaraj Party 5411:Lucknow Pact 5321:Purna Swaraj 5311:Nehru Report 5218: 5122:Philosophies 5110: 5076:Polygar Wars 5004:French India 4989:Dutch Bengal 4979:Colonisation 4920: 4896:Siddaramaiah 4786:A. K. Antony 4776:Anand Sharma 4766:Motilal Vora 4716:M. C. Chagla 4665:Rahul Gandhi 4650:Sonia Gandhi 4645:Sharad Pawar 4630:Rajiv Gandhi 4562:Rajiv Gandhi 4519:Rahul Gandhi 4514:Sonia Gandhi 4499:Rajiv Gandhi 4479:Jagjivan Ram 4454:U. N. Dhebar 4319:Annie Besant 4259:Henry Cotton 4194:Anandacharlu 3948:Chhattisgarh 3882:Organisation 3653:Home Affairs 3541: 3519:. Retrieved 3515:the original 3508: 3493:. Retrieved 3489:the original 3484: 3472: 3460: 3451: 3427: 3412: 3399: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3347: 3320: 3294: 3290: 3261: 3257: 3240: 3219:. Retrieved 3214: 3205: 3194: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3152: 3146: 3131: 3121: 3109:. Retrieved 3094: 3085: 3073:. Retrieved 3066:the original 3056: 3044:. Retrieved 3040: 3031: 3017:. Retrieved 3008: 2992:. Retrieved 2983: 2974: 2962: 2950: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2896: 2890: 2851: 2833: 2821:. Retrieved 2817:the original 2807: 2779:, pp. 502–05 2772: 2767:, pp. 432–33 2738: 2713: 2701:. Retrieved 2694:the original 2683: 2671:. Retrieved 2666: 2657: 2638: 2632: 2613: 2610:Menon, V. P. 2604: 2599:, pp. 330–32 2592: 2583: 2577: 2570:Douglas 1993 2565: 2558:Douglas 1993 2553: 2546:Douglas 1993 2541: 2529: 2517:. 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V. Raman 6278:Mountbatten 5900:Hemu Kalani 5780:Bagha Jatin 5717:Vivekananda 5472:India House 5356:Act of 1935 5131:Ambedkarism 4999:British Raj 4771:Ahmed Patel 4674:Rajya Sabha 4635:Arjun Singh 4179:George Yule 4126:Lakshadweep 4087:Territorial 4078:West Bengal 4068:Uttarakhand 4003:Maharashtra 3510:India Today 3495:26 November 3428:Fikro Nazar 3359:Holy Qur'an 3297:: 678–685. 3176:Explara.com 3111:28 November 3009:The Tribune 2838:UGC Genesis 2582:Nandurkar. 2456:. pp. 67–85 1910:DD National 1908:, aired on 1864:Jama Masjid 1741:British Raj 1737:Maharashtra 1728:غُبارِخاطِر 1586:East Bengal 1260:electorates 1104:Shaukat Ali 885:electorates 853:World War I 589:newspaper. 500:British Raj 287:Preceded by 252:Preceded by 116:Preceded by 7150:Categories 7026:Ibn Muflih 6996:Ibn Hamdan 6875:(990–1066) 6850:Ibn Battah 6815:Abu Dawood 6517:K. Kamaraj 6511:V. V. Giri 6308:Linlithgow 6248:Chelmsford 6238:Cornwallis 6150:Tatya Tope 6020:Nana Saheb 5925:K. Kamaraj 5875:Dhan Singh 5790:Bakht Khan 5442:Arya Samaj 5376:Quit India 5326:Salt March 5185:Events and 5161:Satyagraha 4746:V.P. Singh 4469:K. Kamaraj 4156:Presidents 4142:Mumbai RCC 4099:Chandigarh 4053:Tamil Nadu 4033:Puducherry 3521:6 November 3221:8 November 3075:6 November 3046:8 November 3019:11 October 2994:11 October 2536:, pp. 1314 2135:3 November 2097:(3): 7–24. 2034:(2): 238. 2014:References 1951:India Post 1943:in India. 1677:for India: 1603:secularism 1425:26 January 1404:Ahmednagar 1387:Quit India 1264:secularism 1092:Satyagraha 1002:newspapers 698:Al-Ghazali 694:precocious 663:Hindustani 598:Early life 580:Quit India 575:secularism 409:Occupation 325:1888-11-11 7104:(d. 1831) 7077:12th/18th 7061:Al-Buhūtī 7048:11th/17th 7032:Ibn Rajab 7002:Al-Yunini 6981:(d. 1312) 6934:(d. 1202) 6881:(d. 1079) 6840:(867–941) 6703:2021–2040 6642:2001–2020 6533:1981–2000 6466:1961–1980 6415:1954–1960 6283:Wellesley 6268:Dalhousie 6130:Surya Sen 6025:P. Kakkan 5985:Mir Qasim 5960:M. N. 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