948:, most states have created examinations in which students are compared to a standard of what educators, employers, parents, and other stakeholders have determined to be what every student should know and be able to do. Students are graded as exceeding, meeting, or falling below the standard. The advantage is that students are not compared against each other, and all have the opportunity to pass the standard. However, the standard is typically set at a level that is substantially higher than the previous achievement, so that a relatively high percentage of students fail at least some part of the standards in the first year, including an especially high percentage non-college-bound students.
1623:
flaws in the standard letter grading system are major and require a lot of attention. These issues include ways for students to achieve high grades without actually understanding the course material. They don't have any real understanding of the complex information taught in the class. Kyle
Spencer discusses an issue a high school teacher discovered during his time teaching. The issue was on test his students were able to achieve high grades yet when presented with a complex question they couldn't get it correct. Showing him that they only have a general understanding of the material which wasn't reflected by the grades they received.
556:. In primary and secondary schools, a D is usually the lowest passing grade. However, there are some schools that consider a C the lowest passing grade, so the general standard is that anything below a 60% or 70% is failing, depending on the grading scale. In college and universities, a D is considered to be an unsatisfactory passing grade. Students will usually still earn credit for the class if they get a D, but sometimes a C or better is required to count some major classes toward a degree, and sometimes a C or better is required to satisfy a prerequisite requirement for a class.
979:
1737:
Standards of
Academic Progress (SAP). For students receiving financial aid, a grade of "W" may require the student to refund to the college all or part of their aid. Some schools indicate whether the student was passing or failing the course at the time of withdrawal by placing WP or WF grades on the transcript; policies vary as to whether a WF counts as an unsatisfactory grade when determining if a student is in good standing.
840:
1766:
aid until the student has met the required SAP. In
Florida, Standards of Academic Progress require a student to maintain a grade point average of 2.00 or above on the 4.00 numeric grading scale. The student must also finish 67% of the courses attempted, which includes previous failures, re-takes, and withdrawals. Additionally, a student may not attempt a course more than three times.
1139:
that a 4.00 is the best possible grade-point average, although 4.33 is awarded at some institutions. In some places, .25 or .3 instead of .33 is added for a plus grade and subtracted for a minus grade. Other institutions maintain a mid-grade and award .5 for the grade. For example, an AB would receive a 3.5-grade point and a BC would receive a 2.5-grade point.
907:. This was intended to make it evident from the transcript why the failing grade was assigned, though critics have pointed to inconsistent grading schema among universities issuing XF grades. The XF variation is also used by at least one institution to indicate a student who has failed a course due to non-attendance.
1213:
Another policy commonly used by 4.0-scale schools is to mimic the eleven-point weighted scale (see below) by adding a .33 (one-third of a letter grade) to honors or advanced placement class. (For example, a B in a regular class would be a 3.0, but in honors or AP class it would become a B+, or 3.33).
1363:
Some school districts use a 1-2-3-4 rating system for grades at the elementary (K–5) level, notably many
California school districts including The Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) which switched with the class of 2000. The four-point scale more clearly indicates proficiency levels in core
1765:
Standards of
Academic Progress are the standards set by the school, state, Board of Education, or other agency which are required of students to adhere to in order to continue to attend classes. A student who falls below the SAP may have disciplinary action taken against them or denial of financial
927:
In elementary school, grades may represent rewards from teachers "for being friendly, prepared, compliant, a good school citizen, well-organized and hard-working" rather than mastering the subject material. Schools in the United States have been accused of using academic grades to penalize students
1740:
Standards for
Academic Progress in Florida, for example, require a student to maintain a grade point average of 2.00 on the 4.00 scale. The student must also successfully complete 67% of the courses attempted, which includes previous failures, re-takes, and withdrawals. Additionally, a student may
1732:
The FN grade indicates that a student has failed a course due to non-attendance. It is calculated as an "F" in the student's grade point average. For students receiving financial aid, failure for non-attendance may require the student to refund to the college all or part of their aid. The FN grade
1364:
subjects by segmenting students who are proficient (4&3) and ready to advance, from those who are not meeting all required standards (2&1) and should not advance. Most notably this removes the "C" rating which did not clearly partition students who should advance from those who should not.
1217:
Sometimes the 5-based weighing scale is used for AP courses and the 4.6-based scale for honors courses, but often a school will choose one system and apply it universally to all advanced courses. A small number of high schools use a 5-point scale for Honors courses, a 6-point scale for AP courses,
1138:
This allows grades to be easily averaged. Additionally, many schools add .33 for a plus (+) grade and subtract .33 for a minus (−) grade. Thus, a B+ yields a 3.33 whereas an A− yields a 3.67. A-plusses, if given, are usually assigned a value of 4.0 (equivalent to an A) due to the common assumption
1530:
There are a multiple permutations and variations to this system. These may include the use of an O (for "outstanding") grade, which is even higher than the E; the use of an O instead of the E; the elimination of a G (for "good"); the use of a G (again for "good") instead of the E; the use of an L
572:
so that the final grade represents a stated proportion of different types of work. For example, daily homework may be counted as 50% of the final grade, chapter quizzes may count for 20%, the comprehensive final exam may count for 20%, and a major project may count for the remaining 10%. Each are
1736:
A grade of "W" indicates that a student has elected to withdraw from a course prior to the course's withdraw deadline. It is not calculated in the student's grade point average, which would keep the student from facing possible academic disciplinary action if they were to fall below the required
1622:
Alternatives to letter-grading assessments have been tried in some schools, but still remain a marginal approach due to the heavy emphasis and history of letter grading. Alternatives to standard letter grading are able to evaluate the students skills and understanding of the course material. The
491:. Traditionally, the grades are A+, A, A−, B+, B, B−, C+, C, C−, D+, D, D− and F, with A+ being the highest and F being lowest. In some cases, grades can also be numerical. Numeric-to-letter-grade conversions generally vary from system to system and between disciplines and status.
567:
The 100-point scale is a percentage-based grading system. In a percentage-based system, each assignment regardless of size, type, or complexity is given a percentage score: four correct answers out of five is a score of 80%. The overall grade for the class is then typically
1749:
Students may elect to audit a college credit course or workforce credit course by completing the audit form. Students may not change from credit to audit or from audit to credit after the drop deadline. A grade of 'X' will be assigned for all courses taken in audit status.
918:
requested that XF grades assigned because they missed the withdrawal deadline be omitted from official transcripts, leading to a policy change within the university. The request was sparked, in part, by inconsistent grading policies among universities issuing XF grades.
1733:
will be assigned by the faculty member at any time following the final withdrawal date for the course. Students who are in a failing status because of non-attendance but return to the course prior to the withdrawal date may elect to withdraw from the course.
1531:(for "lacks effort") instead of a U; and the lack of a U grade. In this version, E stands for "exemplary" and P proficient, with AE and AP for work that approaches the E and P levels. "Credit" is equivalent to the D level and "No Credit" is equivalent to F.
1756:
Courses taken for audit do not count as hours enrolled in the following areas: veteran certification, financial aid awards, Social
Security certification, international student enrollment requirements or early admission program enrollment requirements.
585:, according to the 2009 High School Transcript Study. This is the most used grading system; however, there are some schools that use an edited version of the college system, which means 89.5 or above becomes an A average, 79.5 becomes a B, and so on.
1118:, a B for performance between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, and so on. Regardless of the absolute performance of the students, the best score in the group receives a top grade and the worst score receives a failing grade.
1774:
The seven point scale uses 7 percentages between each letter grade. Occasionally, if it is 0.5 below the actual number (–0.5 shown below) then it will round up. The possible grades are A, B, C, D, F, and I, which stands for incomplete.
3008:
2978:
2883:
1690:
is one of several secondary schools to eschew grades in favor of narrative reports, while still managing to be the number one high school in the country for having the highest percentage of graduating seniors enroll in
3003:
2933:
2983:
2823:
2873:
2888:
2783:
2973:
2938:
928:
for being bored, uncooperative or for talking out of turn. Usually, this behavior leads to poor or non-existent studying habits which most likely are to blame for their grades. Some teachers use
2993:
2988:
2998:
559:
To assess individual students' grades across multiple courses, letter grades are typically assigned a numeric rank from which a mean grade (Grade Point
Average or GPA) is calculated.
2968:
2878:
2828:
2788:
2392:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2943:
504:
The typical letter grades awarded for participation in a course are (from highest to lowest) A, B, C, D and F. Variations on the traditional five-grade system allow for awarding
2948:
2838:
2913:
2848:
2818:
2793:
2928:
2923:
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2833:
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2798:
903:
used at some U.S. colleges and universities to denote either students who withdraw from a course after the refund period has lapsed or who are caught performing acts of
2918:
2843:
1355:
Very few
American high schools use a twelve-point system. The twelve-point system differs from the above only in using the grade A+, to which the value 12.0 is applied.
2685:
2813:
1147:
Some high schools, to reflect the varying skill required for different course levels, will give higher numerical grades for difficult courses, often referred to as a
1753:
No credit will be awarded and fees for college credit courses taken on an audit basis are the same as those taken on a college credit or workforce credit basis.
1614:; however only with the grades S (Satisfactory), S+ (more than satisfactory, and may be used in the allocation of degree grades) and NS (Not Satisfactory).
1996:
661:
Below is a grading system used by four different colleges in the United States. Other schools use different systems, so this is by no means universal.
2515:
2465:
914:
who did not wish for "F"s on their transcript to be mistaken for academic dishonesty requested adoption of the XF by their university. Students at
2261:
2059:
2760:
2111:
2385:
1534:
The use of M (for "mediocre") in place of the N and I (for "insufficient") in place of the U was used in some places, and included the F.
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2206:
327:
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2246:
3054:
2501:
2089:
1655:
952:
272:
2221:
2152:
1966:
3029:
1285:
and a few other high schools in the United States use an eleven-point system. Numerical values are applied to grades as follows:
3039:
422:
287:
2178:
2674:
2567:
2311:
3034:
573:
created to evaluate the students' understanding of the material and of their complex understanding of the course material.
448:
1038:
is any system wherein the group performance is used to moderate evaluation; it need not be strictly or purely rank-based.
1235:
at
Andover. While there are approximate equivalents to the 100 point system, grades are most often described as follows:
582:
357:
191:
951:
The tests are targeted to items and skills not currently in the curriculum to promote the adoption of methods such as
2769:
2753:
2440:
1022:
1000:
883:
474:
993:
865:
2651:
2026:
1683:
58:
443:
412:
201:
2808:
1988:
1511:
This system has largely been replaced by the six-point system discussed above, but is still encountered at the
915:
857:
850:
352:
176:
136:
84:
2140:
242:
2863:
438:
347:
196:
156:
146:
120:
94:
2746:
397:
392:
372:
277:
186:
2418:
900:
3044:
2476:
417:
377:
342:
322:
317:
307:
297:
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267:
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211:
63:
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407:
387:
382:
367:
362:
337:
312:
302:
166:
89:
79:
2265:
1178:
uses a different system in honors and AP courses to get weighted GPA values; the scale is as follows:
3049:
402:
332:
206:
181:
171:
151:
141:
115:
43:
38:
1110:
model of educational performance. The top grade, A, is given here for performance that exceeds the
987:
911:
161:
2711:
2112:"InstructorLink Teaching in Centers Grading Chart and Grade Descriptions - UC Berkeley Extension"
1671:
1643:
1282:
945:
861:
2119:
2051:
1663:
1647:
1569:
The S grade may be so modified with an S+ or S−, but otherwise plus and minus are rarely used.
1041:
In the most extreme form, students are ranked and grades are assigned according to a student's
1004:
962:, awarded where students undertake optional work, in addition to their compulsory school work.
235:
2238:
1933:
2639:
1175:
467:
2081:
2218:
2156:
2019:"Grading Practices | Academic Policies | Policies | Academic Catalog | | Kalamazoo College"
1913:
1679:
1627:
1611:
488:
24:
936:
to evaluate some of a student's progress and how behind they are compared to their peers.
8:
1908:
1107:
904:
2348:
1958:
487:
In the United States, academic grading commonly takes on the form of five, six or seven
2612:
2593:"Student perception of academic grading: Personality, academic orientation, and effort"
1639:
1152:
1115:
1035:
228:
2573:
2563:
2495:
2307:
1651:
1610:
A similar system is used to rank practical work in the certain science department of
1512:
2738:
2616:
2604:
1675:
1667:
1524:
1232:
460:
2729:
2369:
2643:
2225:
2182:
1635:
1631:
933:
929:
2592:
1520:
3023:
2608:
1461:
1274:
Although described above, grades below a 3 are rarely dispensed in practice.
1231:
At least one boarding school in the United States uses the six-point system,
2591:
Tippin, Gregory K.; Lafreniere, Kathryn D.; Page, Stewart (March 1, 2012).
1659:
1516:
959:
249:
965:
For an example of standard-based grading, see "The 1-2-3-4 System" below.
1523:). It is also occasionally used at schools for older children, including
2018:
1617:
1692:
1042:
1519:
and Grades 1 through 3 (these levels comprising the lower division of
569:
868:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2577:
1687:
1065:
1121:
Numerical values in America are applied to grades as shown below:
1464:
uses four or five letters, which are ranked in descending order:
1218:
and/or a 3-point scale for courses of below average difficulty.
1151:. For example, two common conversion systems used in honors and
1716:
WF = Withdrawal (had a failing grade at the time of withdrawal)
1713:
WP = Withdrawal (had a passing grade at the time of withdrawal)
1527:, especially in the issuance of conduct or citizenship grades.
581:
Below is the grading system found to be most commonly used in
2536:
1111:
1045:, placing students in direct competition with one another.
2630:
Spencer, Kyle (November 2012). "Standards-Based Grading".
2562:. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
2330:(Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1986), p. 556–57.
662:
2202:
2200:
1760:
1630:
in the U.S. either do not issue grades at all (such as
2768:
2197:
1618:
Alternative approaches to the academic grading system
2730:"Here's Why You Never Got an E on Your Report Card,"
2590:
2543:
Kohn, Alfie (1999). "From Degrading to De-grading".
2372:, Studentspreunited.com. Accessed 14 February 2015.
2207:
TESU: Understanding Your Transcript (internal link)
2302:Lucas, Sandra Goss; Bernstein, Douglas A. (2004).
494:
665:, for example, uses a scale that goes up to 5.0.
3021:
2672:
2082:"Wellesley College Grading System and Policies"
1698:
1682:are used as an alternative measurement system.
2380:
2378:
2301:
955:, inquiry-based science, and problem-solving.
499:
2754:
2419:"LAUSD Switches From Letter to Number Grades"
1695:and several other highly selective colleges.
1674:), or do not calculate grade point averages (
468:
2328:Educational Psychology: Theory into Practice
2259:
1741:not attempt a course more than three times.
2375:
2236:
1989:"Dutchess Community College Grading System"
2761:
2747:
2262:"The Problem with Standards-Based Grading"
1963:National Center for Educational Statistics
1106:One model uses percentages derived from a
939:
475:
461:
2295:
1023:Learn how and when to remove this message
884:Learn how and when to remove this message
2666:
2217:University of Wisconsin - River Falls -
986:This section includes a list of general
2649:
2629:
2557:
2253:
1455:
3022:
2691:from the original on February 13, 2015
2500:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2398:from the original on December 20, 2016
2249:from the original on November 7, 2016.
2092:from the original on February 27, 2015
2062:from the original on February 15, 2015
1277:
2742:
2416:
2410:
2029:from the original on December 5, 2017
1358:
968:
2542:
2429:from the original on April 24, 2014.
2391:. Phillips Academy. April 27, 2018.
2286:
2230:
2046:
2044:
1769:
1761:Standards of Academic Progress (SAP)
1288:
1238:
972:
833:
562:
2770:Academic grading in North America
2597:Active Learning in Higher Education
1226:
576:
13:
2675:"Statement on Grade Point Average"
2417:Kondo, Annette (October 6, 1999).
2291:. Mahwah, N.J: Erlbaum. p. 1.
2219:NonAttendance Grade (XF) Reporting
1999:from the original on April 3, 2015
1959:"How is Grade Average Calculated?"
992:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3066:
3055:Student assessment and evaluation
2722:
2445:San Diego Unified School District
2237:Tyre, Peggy (November 27, 2010).
2052:"Carleton College Grading System"
2041:
1934:"Calculate your final exam grade"
1572:Other lettering systems include:
583:United States public high schools
2884:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2715:, Cover Story (Personal Journal)
2516:"Harrisburg South Middle School"
2441:"ACADEMIC AND CITIZENSHIP MARKS"
1969:from the original on May 3, 2015
1965:. U.S. Department of Education.
1744:
1606:(blank) (No Scores in Gradebook)
1460:A popular grading system in the
1221:
977:
838:
2703:
2673:Brown University (March 2004).
2623:
2584:
2551:
2508:
2458:
2433:
2363:
2333:
2320:
2280:
2211:
2171:
1725:NR = Not Reported by Instructor
1704:FN = Failure for Non-Attendance
1142:
495:Grades A–F in the United States
3030:Education in the United States
2560:Transforming Classroom Grading
2523:Harrisburg South Middle School
2341:"GPA Calculator 4 Point Scale"
2260:McKeown, Joe (July 13, 2015).
2145:
2134:
2104:
2074:
2011:
1981:
1951:
1926:
916:Thomas Edison State University
1:
3040:Academia in the United States
1919:
1084:second quintile (middle 20%)
922:
3009:United States Virgin Islands
2370:"High School GPA Calculator"
2289:Handbook of Test Development
1710:DW = Disciplinary Withdrawal
1699:Additional collegiate grades
1256:2 – Low Pass, but certifying
1244:6 – Outstanding (High Honor)
7:
3035:Academic grading by country
2558:Marzano, Robert J. (2000).
2116:instructorlink.berkeley.edu
1902:
1092:first quintile (60% - 80%)
1076:third quintile (20% - 40%)
864:the claims made and adding
500:Numerical and letter grades
16:System for academic results
10:
3071:
1993:Dutchess Community College
1719:UW = Unofficial Withdrawal
958:Grades can be enhanced by
953:constructivist mathematics
2984:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2902:
2776:
2652:"Standards-Based Grading"
946:standards-based education
3004:Turks and Caicos Islands
2656:Harvard Education Letter
2609:10.1177/1469787411429187
2287:Webb, Norman L. (2006).
912:Wichita State University
2712:The Wall Street Journal
2239:"A's for Good Behavior"
1672:College of the Atlantic
1644:Evergreen State College
1515:level, particularly in
1443:AL6 all the way to AL8
1283:Phillips Exeter Academy
1054:percentage of students
1007:more precise citations.
940:Standards-based grading
2934:British Virgin Islands
2650:Spencer, Kyle (2012).
2638:(3). Ann Arbor: 4–10.
1664:Sarah Lawrence College
1654:), de-emphasize them (
1648:New College of Florida
273:Bosnia and Herzegovina
236:European Baccalaureate
2874:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2386:"Academic Curriculum"
2345:StudentsPreunited.com
1722:X/V = Audit/Exemption
1680:narrative evaluations
1628:liberal arts colleges
1176:Denver Public Schools
944:With the adoption of
829:
2632:The Education Digest
2545:High School Magazine
2159:on February 21, 2007
1914:Grading in education
1456:Letter based systems
1247:5 – Superior (Honor)
2889:Trinidad and Tobago
2784:Antigua and Barbuda
2648:Also published as:
2304:Teaching Psychology
2122:on October 23, 2017
1909:Academic dishonesty
1489:(Needs improvement)
1278:Eleven-point system
1116:standard deviations
1108:normal distribution
905:academic dishonesty
3045:2000 introductions
2824:Dominican Republic
2728:Gibson, Brittany.
2326:Robert E. Slavin,
2243:The New York Times
2224:2007-02-21 at the
1684:Saint Ann's School
1678:). In many cases,
1656:St. John's College
1640:Bennington College
1597:(Standard Not Met)
1359:The 1-2-3-4 system
1153:Advanced Placement
1036:Grading on a curve
969:Rank-based grading
849:possibly contains
3017:
3016:
2906:other territories
2569:978-0-87120-383-0
2473:www.csupomona.edu
2423:Los Angeles Times
2351:on April 18, 2021
2313:978-1-4051-5150-4
2268:on April 15, 2017
2086:Wellesley College
1938:www.calculyte.com
1900:
1899:
1770:Seven point scale
1652:Hampshire College
1612:Oxford University
1603:(Inadequate Work)
1513:elementary school
1453:
1452:
1352:
1351:
1271:
1270:
1114:by more than 1.5
1104:
1103:
1033:
1032:
1025:
894:
893:
886:
851:original research
827:
826:
659:
658:
563:Percentage grades
485:
484:
3062:
3050:Education issues
2974:Saint Barthélemy
2904:Dependencies and
2777:Sovereign states
2763:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2716:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2682:Brown University
2679:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2647:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2475:. Archived from
2470:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2347:. Archived from
2337:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2264:. Archived from
2257:
2251:
2250:
2234:
2228:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2181:. Archived from
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2155:. Archived from
2149:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2118:. Archived from
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2056:Carleton College
2048:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1930:
1778:
1777:
1676:Brown University
1668:Prescott College
1579:(Meets standard)
1495:(Unsatisfactory)
1376:Assigned meaning
1367:
1366:
1289:
1259:1 – Low Failure
1253:3 – Satisfactory
1239:
1233:Phillips Academy
1227:Six-point system
1056:receiving grade
1048:
1047:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1003:this section by
994:inline citations
981:
980:
973:
889:
882:
878:
875:
869:
866:inline citations
842:
841:
834:
668:
667:
588:
587:
577:Grade conversion
477:
470:
463:
449:Papua New Guinea
25:Academic grading
21:
20:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3061:
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3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
2907:
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2898:
2772:
2767:
2735:(Apr. 03, 2021)
2733:Reader's Digest
2725:
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2704:
2694:
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2483:
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2468:
2466:"Archived copy"
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2226:Wayback Machine
2216:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2185:on May 17, 2008
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2141:Calculating GPA
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1972:
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1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1905:
1772:
1763:
1747:
1701:
1636:Antioch College
1632:Alverno College
1620:
1458:
1361:
1353:
1280:
1272:
1229:
1224:
1145:
1055:
1029:
1018:
1012:
1009:
999:Please help to
998:
982:
978:
971:
942:
934:peer assessment
925:
890:
879:
873:
870:
855:
843:
839:
832:
579:
565:
502:
497:
481:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3068:
3058:
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3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Sint Eustatius
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
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2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Cayman Islands
2936:
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2921:
2916:
2910:
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2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
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2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
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2778:
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2773:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2724:
2723:External links
2721:
2718:
2717:
2709:April 2, 2004
2702:
2665:
2622:
2583:
2568:
2550:
2535:
2507:
2482:on May 5, 2006
2457:
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2306:. p. 36.
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1708:
1707:W = Withdrawal
1705:
1700:
1697:
1619:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1559:(Insufficient)
1554:
1548:
1547:(Satisfactory)
1542:
1521:primary school
1509:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1483:(Satisfactory)
1478:
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1379:Numeric grade
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1260:
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1225:
1223:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1207:
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1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1144:
1141:
1136:
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1129:
1126:
1102:
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1078:
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1070:
1069:
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1031:
1030:
985:
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976:
970:
967:
941:
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924:
921:
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891:
846:
844:
837:
831:
828:
825:
824:
821:
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814:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
785:
781:
780:
777:
774:
770:
769:
766:
763:
759:
758:
755:
752:
748:
747:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
657:
656:
653:
650:
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645:
642:
639:
635:
634:
631:
628:
624:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
602:
601:
598:
595:
578:
575:
564:
561:
501:
498:
496:
493:
483:
482:
480:
479:
472:
465:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
433:
432:
428:
427:
426:
425:
423:United Kingdom
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
288:Czech Republic
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
254:
253:
246:
239:
232:
222:
221:
217:
216:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
131:
130:
126:
125:
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118:
110:
109:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
74:
73:
69:
68:
67:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3067:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
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2895:
2894:United States
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2539:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2394:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2366:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2137:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1745:Course audits
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:E = Excellent
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:(Progressing)
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:United States
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1222:Other systems
1219:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:courses are:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1024:
1016:
1006:
1002:
996:
995:
989:
984:
975:
974:
966:
963:
961:
960:extra credits
956:
954:
949:
947:
937:
935:
931:
920:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
888:
885:
877:
867:
863:
859:
853:
852:
847:This section
845:
836:
835:
822:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
749:
745:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
728:
727:
723:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
674:
670:
669:
666:
664:
654:
651:
648:
647:
643:
640:
637:
636:
632:
629:
626:
625:
621:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
603:
599:
596:
594:
590:
589:
586:
584:
574:
571:
560:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
492:
490:
489:letter grades
478:
473:
471:
466:
464:
459:
458:
456:
455:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
435:
434:
430:
429:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Liechtenstein
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
250:Latin honours
247:
245:
244:
243:GPA in Europe
240:
238:
237:
233:
231:
230:
226:
225:
224:
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
128:
127:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
108:South America
107:
106:
101:
100:United States
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:North America
71:
70:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
40:
37:
36:
35:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
22:
19:
2999:Sint Maarten
2979:Saint Martin
2893:
2732:
2710:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2681:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2603:(1): 51–61.
2600:
2596:
2586:
2559:
2553:
2544:
2538:
2528:November 17,
2526:. Retrieved
2522:
2510:
2484:. Retrieved
2477:the original
2472:
2460:
2450:November 17,
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2435:
2422:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2365:
2353:. Retrieved
2349:the original
2344:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2303:
2297:
2288:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:the original
2255:
2242:
2232:
2213:
2187:. Retrieved
2183:the original
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:the original
2147:
2136:
2126:November 30,
2124:. Retrieved
2120:the original
2115:
2106:
2096:February 14,
2094:. Retrieved
2085:
2076:
2066:February 14,
2064:. Retrieved
2055:
2031:. Retrieved
2023:www.kzoo.edu
2022:
2013:
2003:February 14,
2001:. Retrieved
1992:
1983:
1973:February 14,
1971:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1660:Reed College
1626:A number of
1625:
1621:
1609:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:high schools
1517:kindergarten
1510:
1507:(Incomplete)
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1459:
1404:Accomplished
1362:
1354:
1346:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1230:
1216:
1212:
1174:
1168:D = 2 or 1.5
1165:C = 3 or 2.5
1162:B = 4 or 3.5
1159:A = 5 or 4.5
1149:weighted GPA
1148:
1146:
1143:Weighted GPA
1137:
1120:
1105:
1040:
1034:
1019:
1010:
991:
964:
957:
950:
943:
926:
910:Students at
909:
901:letter grade
896:
895:
880:
871:
848:
672:
660:
592:
580:
566:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
503:
486:
248:
241:
234:
227:
99:
59:South Africa
18:
2969:Puerto Rico
2879:Saint Lucia
2829:El Salvador
2486:January 11,
2272:November 9,
2033:December 4,
1943:January 21,
1784:Grade/mark
1541:(Excellent)
1501:(High pass)
1471:(Excellent)
1262:0 – Failure
1100:bottom 20%
1005:introducing
444:New Zealand
413:Switzerland
358:Netherlands
202:South Korea
192:Philippines
3024:Categories
2964:Montserrat
2959:Martinique
2954:Guadeloupe
2809:Costa Rica
2644:1115474368
2163:January 7,
1920:References
1877:69.7–72.49
1869:72.5–74.49
1861:74.5–76.49
1853:76.5–79.49
1845:79.5–82.49
1837:82.5–84.49
1829:84.5–86.49
1821:86.5–89.49
1813:89.5–92.49
1805:92.5–95.49
1797:95.5–98.49
1781:Percentage
1693:Ivy League
1591:(Emerging)
1553:(Mediocre)
1429:AL6 or AL5
1418:Developing
1415:AL5 or AL4
1401:AL3 or AL2
1373:Grade/mark
1370:Percentage
1068:(top 20%)
988:references
923:Assessment
874:March 2024
858:improve it
677:Percentage
597:Percentage
353:Luxembourg
177:Kyrgyzstan
137:Bangladesh
85:Costa Rica
2949:Greenland
2864:Nicaragua
2839:Guatemala
2402:April 28,
2355:April 28,
1885:0.5–69.69
1565:(Failure)
1432:Beginning
1390:Exemplary
1203:C− = 2.17
1194:B− = 3.47
1188:B+ = 4.33
1185:A− = 4.77
862:verifying
439:Australia
348:Lithuania
197:Singapore
157:Indonesia
147:Hong Kong
121:Venezuela
95:Nicaragua
2914:Anguilla
2849:Honduras
2819:Dominica
2794:Barbados
2695:April 7,
2686:Archived
2640:ProQuest
2617:53351280
2578:ED446072
2496:cite web
2427:Archived
2393:Archived
2247:Archived
2222:Archived
2189:March 3,
2090:Archived
2060:Archived
2027:Archived
1997:Archived
1967:Archived
1903:See also
1789:98.5–100
1688:Brooklyn
1250:4 – Good
1197:C+ = 3.0
1066:quintile
1013:May 2022
608:90–100%
570:weighted
398:Slovenia
393:Slovakia
373:Portugal
278:Bulgaria
187:Pakistan
2944:Curaçao
2929:Bonaire
2924:Bermuda
2854:Jamaica
2834:Grenada
2789:Bahamas
2179:"UPitt"
1297:A− = 10
1209:F = 0.0
1206:D = 1.3
1200:C = 2.6
1191:B = 3.9
1182:A = 5.2
1064:fourth
1001:improve
856:Please
688:97–100%
671:Letter
593:Grade
591:Letter
431:Oceania
418:Ukraine
378:Romania
328:Ireland
323:Iceland
318:Hungary
308:Germany
298:Finland
293:Denmark
283:Croatia
268:Belgium
263:Belarus
258:Austria
212:Vietnam
64:Tunisia
54:Nigeria
49:Morocco
2869:Panama
2859:Mexico
2804:Canada
2799:Belize
2642:
2615:
2576:
2566:
2310:
2153:"UWRF"
1650:, and
1477:(Good)
1384:90–100
1347:
1336:D− = 1
1330:D+ = 3
1323:C− = 4
1317:C+ = 6
1310:B− = 7
1307:B = 8
1304:B+ = 9
1294:A = 11
1266:
1051:Grade
990:, but
809:60–62%
798:63–66%
787:67–69%
776:70–72%
765:73–76%
754:77–79%
743:80–82%
732:83–86%
721:87–89%
710:90–92%
699:93–96%
673:Grade
641:60–69%
630:70–79%
619:80–89%
552:, and
408:Sweden
388:Serbia
383:Russia
368:Poland
363:Norway
338:Latvia
313:Greece
303:France
220:Europe
167:Israel
90:Mexico
80:Canada
31:Africa
2919:Aruba
2844:Haiti
2689:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
2613:S2CID
2519:(PDF)
2480:(PDF)
2469:(PDF)
2396:(PDF)
2389:(PDF)
1440:0–59
1426:60–69
1412:70–79
1398:80–89
1343:F = 0
1333:D = 2
1320:C = 5
1171:F = 0
1134:D = 1
1131:C = 2
1128:B = 3
1125:A = 4
930:self-
899:is a
820:0–59%
652:0–59%
403:Spain
333:Italy
207:Syria
182:Nepal
172:Japan
152:India
142:China
116:Chile
44:Kenya
39:Egypt
2989:Saba
2814:Cuba
2697:2015
2662:(5).
2574:ERIC
2564:ISBN
2530:2022
2502:link
2488:2022
2452:2022
2404:2018
2357:2018
2308:ISBN
2274:2017
2191:2017
2165:2008
2128:2017
2098:2015
2068:2015
2035:2017
2005:2015
1975:2015
1945:2024
1449:0.0
1446:Bad
1435:1.0
1421:2.0
1407:3.0
1393:4.0
1112:mean
1043:rank
932:and
823:0.0
812:0.7
801:1.0
790:1.3
779:1.7
768:2.0
757:2.3
746:2.7
735:3.0
724:3.3
713:3.7
702:3.9
691:4.0
680:GPA
655:0.0
644:1.0
633:2.0
622:3.0
611:4.0
600:GPA
229:ECTS
162:Iran
129:Asia
2605:doi
1880:D–
1864:D+
1856:C–
1840:C+
1832:B–
1816:B+
1808:A–
1792:A+
1686:in
1387:AL1
860:by
663:MIT
3026::
2684:.
2680:.
2660:28
2658:.
2654:.
2636:78
2634:.
2611:.
2601:13
2599:.
2595:.
2572:.
2521:.
2498:}}
2494:{{
2471:.
2443:.
2425:.
2421:.
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2343:.
2245:.
2241:.
2199:^
2114:.
2088:.
2084:.
2058:.
2054:.
2043:^
2025:.
2021:.
1995:.
1991:.
1961:.
1936:.
1896:I
1888:F
1872:D
1848:C
1824:B
1800:A
1670:,
1666:,
1662:,
1658:,
1646:,
1642:,
1638:,
1634:,
897:XF
830:XF
806:D−
784:D+
773:C−
751:C+
740:B−
718:B+
707:A−
685:A+
550:D−
548:,
544:,
542:D+
540:,
538:C−
536:,
532:,
530:C+
528:,
526:B−
524:,
520:,
518:B+
516:,
514:A−
512:,
508:,
506:A+
2762:e
2755:t
2748:v
2699:.
2646:.
2619:.
2607::
2580:.
2547:.
2532:.
2504:)
2490:.
2454:.
2406:.
2359:.
2316:.
2276:.
2193:.
2167:.
2130:.
2100:.
2070:.
2037:.
2007:.
1977:.
1947:.
1893:0
1601:I
1595:N
1589:E
1583:P
1577:M
1563:F
1557:I
1551:M
1545:S
1539:E
1505:I
1499:H
1493:U
1487:N
1481:S
1475:G
1469:E
1097:F
1089:D
1081:C
1073:B
1061:A
1026:)
1020:(
1015:)
1011:(
997:.
887:)
881:(
876:)
872:(
854:.
817:F
795:D
762:C
729:B
696:A
649:F
638:D
627:C
616:B
605:A
554:F
546:D
534:C
522:B
510:A
476:e
469:t
462:v
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