Academic dress - Knowledge

1399: 2681: 2591: 536: 3574:, a strip of cloth worn over the left shoulder, for distinct degrees. The number of fur bands upon the epitoge indicates the degree (i.e. 3 for doctors, 2 for masters and 1 for bachelors). The hat is not worn. Kasetsart University, on the other hand, retains the original American academic dress style. For bachelors, the dress comprises a plain sleeve gown with a coloured cord around the neck. This is different from many American universities, at which a scarf is used instead of a cord. Masters' gown exactly follows the American design. The sleeve is sewn shut at the end, with a slit to free the arm. Doctors' gown also follows the American tradition. The sleeve has three velvet bars to denote the seniority. The hat is included. 3684: 3962: 2515:. The biretta and mozetta are worn by those from the Graduate School and the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. Graduates of the Bachelors' programs wear the traditional mortarboard, hood and gown. The professors of the university wear their academic regalia during the Missa de Apertura or the Opening Mass of the Academic Year aside from Solemn Investitures (graduation ceremonies) and other academic activities. The academic colours are unique to this university as these depend on the official color of the faculty or college a student or an academe belongs into. 3939: 2668: 632: 1011: 4211:

examen, iuxta « statuta a Sede Apostolica probata » (can. 1376, § 2) saltem quoad usum validum « facultatis ab eadem Aplca. Sede concessae » (can. 1377, § 1), deferendi, extra sacras functiones, (quarum nomine ad hunc eflectum non-venit ex usu sacra praedicatio), nisi aliunde amplietur eis hoc ius quoad a) annulum etiam cum gemma « ipsis a iure huius canonis concessum » (can. 136, § 2), b) et biretum doctorale, (idest: cum quatuor apicibus) utpote insigne huius gradus ac diverso colore ornatum pro Facultate.

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after the examination, according to "appointed statutes approved by the Apostolic See" (c. 1376 §2). Granted see" (c. 1377 §1), for deferring outside sacred functions (the name of which does not come from the use of sacred preaching for this effect), unless this right may be extended to them from other sources as far as: a) a ring with a jewel "to them by the right granted under this canon" (c. 136, § 2), b) and a doctoral hat (that is, with four tips) as a badge of this degree and adorned in different colors for the Faculty.

475: 286: 275: 226: 215: 146: 135: 1538: 482: 259: 199: 124: 7553: 3650: 3419: 2723: 2631: 1898: 4135:, but the four-sided mortarboard-shaped tam in velvet is what the Code seems to recommend here. The only colour called for is black, in all cases. The tassel worn on the mortarboard or a tam seems to provide, by tradition, the greatest opportunity for latitude in American academic dress. It has been black, or represented the university's colours, or the colours of the specific college, or the discipline. The tassel has also been used to indicate membership in national 2870: 1624: 7942: 2063:

with Honours hood is lined with coloured satin and bordered with white satin. The master's degree hood has no edging. A doctoral degree recipient wears the same as a graduate receiving a master's degree, except the gown is completely silk, either black or scarlet, with the option to wear a cloth gown. A Doctoral hood is completely silk and the headdress is a black Tudor bonnet, in place of the flat-topped mortarboard worn with bachelor's and master's gowns.

3315: 2758: 3740: 10025: 2809: 1959: 1485: 950: 3987: 494: 2955: 4007:, where members of the student honor society, along with most professors, continue to wear the gown to class. After the Civil War, academic regalia was generally only worn at ceremonies or when representing the institution. There was not, however, any standardization among the meanings behind the various costumes. In 1893, an Intercollegiate Commission made up of representatives from leading institutions and chaired by 3800:(MA and MS), are substantially the same throughout the English-speaking world. All are traditionally made of black cloth, (although occasionally the gown is dyed in one of the university's colours) and the material at the back of the gown is gathered into a yoke. The Bachelor's gown has bell-shaped sleeves, while the Master's gown has long sleeves closed at the end, with the arm passing through a slit above the elbow. 2772: 456: 182: 95: 1054:(epitoga): A piece of cloth with white fur stripes (three for doctors) attached by a button on the left shoulder, with a rectangular, long, thin tail in the front and a triangular, shorter, broad tail in the back (both tails carry the fur stripes); its colour is that of the relevant academic field. The epitoga has evolved from the academic hood, which explains why the French academic dress does not include a hood. 1584:– Indonesian academic gowns commonly come in black with a different color of trimming according to the field of study/faculty. In general they are long gowns with bell sleeves. There are some distinctive differences for each academic degree: for example, the length of undergraduate gown is usually below knee; for master's degrees, the gown is longer than undergraduate; and for doctoral degrees, the gown has a 2576: 449: 193: 106: 3970: 3303: 875: 4157:(BA) degree specifically in business the trimming should be drab, representing commerce/accountancy/business, rather than white, representing the broader arts/letters/humanities; the same method is true of master's degrees and doctorates. However, in 1986, the American Council on Education updated the Code and added the following sentence clarifying the use of the colour dark blue for the 4079:, below) to remain black in that case, however. In general, doctoral gowns are similar to the gowns worn by bachelor's graduates, with the addition of three velvet bands on the sleeves and velvet facing running down the front of the gown. The Code calls for the gown trim to be either black or the colour designated for the field of study in which the doctorate was earned (see 3765:. For example, the Cambridge BA style gown is designated and a hood in the Cambridge full-shape is designated , etc. Because the universities are free to design their own academicals using a wide range of available gown, hood and cap patterns, colours and materials at their and the robemaker's disposal, the academicals of two given universities rarely clash with each other. 2963: 33: 3633: 728:" version of regalia by their institutions or authorized vendor, which are generally intended for very few wearings and are comparatively very inexpensive. For some doctoral graduates, commencement will be the only time they wear academic regalia, and so they rent their gowns instead of buying them. These rented or hired gowns are often made of inexpensive 4023:(ACE) authorized the appointment of a committee to determine whether revision and completion of the academic code adopted by the conference of the colleges and universities in 1895 is desirable at this time, and, if so, to draft a revised code and present a plan for submitting the code to the consideration of the institutional members of the council. 3476:, bachelor's' and master's gown are faced and bordered with a black felt band. Meanwhile, a scarlet felt band is reserved for doctors. There are patterns upon the felt band to denote different degrees and faculties. Other universities that utilise the traditional robe might, instead of a mesh, use another kind of fabric for their dress. 1209:, the gown is black between the simarras, which are moiré black, and of the colour of the academic field on the sides and on the sleeves, except their turn-ups, which are black; the buttons are of the colour of the academic field; the sash is of the colour of the academic field, its fringes may be either the same colour or gold. 1698:. Furthermore, also students have started to wear gowns and cap in graduation ceremonies (usually for PhD) in some universities. Gowns are traditionally all hemmed with the colours of faculty, which have some variations following the tradition of each atheneum. However the most widely used table of colours is the following 2561: 3384:. Like other hats, they are not generally worn indoors, but they may be presented on a table. Events where the hat and white tie are worn include thesis defences, post-doctoral parties, ceremonial conferments of degrees, opening ceremonies and other formal ceremonies related to the university. At some universities, a 841:, and are brightly coloured (or black, but faced with a bright colour) to distinguish them from lower degrees. They tend to be the most expensive because they must be dyed in a specific colour and/or be trimmed in coloured silks. Many doctoral gowns have a special undress version so adding to the cost of a full set. 3804:

other form of doctor's gown is the undress gown. This is a black gown worn for less formal occasions such as lectures. This type of gown is rarely seen or worn nowadays as many wear the dress gown instead; however, the undress gown still plays a part in the older universities where academic dress is usually worn.

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Hired hoods are usually partially lined instead of fully lined when the regulations specify a fully lined hood. However, in some cases, a hood that is specified as fully lined in the regulations, in practice, is part-lined to save on materials. This is especially the case for Glasgow full-shape hoods

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was founded in 2000 to promote the study of academic dress. Its publications and activities examine the history and current use of academic dress. In 2011 it published the third edition of Shaw's reference book on British and Irish academical dress. The Society hosts a conference each spring at which

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Academic dress is rarely worn in New Zealand other than at formal academic events, such as by graduates and faculty at graduation ceremonies and teaching faculty at school prizegivings. Some traditional boys' high schools retain the tradition of the headmaster wearing a gown while leading assemblies.

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with bib and beret. The beret is usually a soft cap, square or round and made of velvet; the gown (ankle-length, open in the front), is made of wool trimmed with velvet or silk It is traditionally black, as in the robes of early-modern humanists; some universities have gowns with wide slashed sleeves

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Traditionally only for men, a mortarboard of the colour of the relevant academic field with a golden stripe, which is usually not worn but carried (since the academic dress in France is rarely worn outdoors, and men are not supposed to wear hats indoors), and often even omitted. Nowadays the practice

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is represented by white, science by golden yellow, medicine by green, law by purple, theology by scarlet, and philosophy (including all PhD degrees) by dark blue. A distinction is made in the code, which calls for a graduate to display the colour of the subject of the degree obtained, not the degree

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The Code calls for the shell material of the hood to match the robe, and for the colour to be black regardless of the colour of the robe being worn. The interior lining – generally silk – displays the colours of the institution from which the wearer received the degree, in a pattern prescribed by it

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or square, commonly known as the mortarboard, has come to be symbolic of academia. In some universities it can be worn by graduates and undergraduates alike. It is a hat consisting of a skullcap surmounted by a flat square of stiffened cloth, the board; a tassel is fixed to a button in the centre of

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The hood was originally a functional garment, worn to shield the head from the elements. In the English tradition, it has developed to an often bright and decorative garment worn only on special occasions. Hoods comprise two basic patterns: full shape or simple shape. The traditional full-shape hood

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There are two distinctive shapes used in the UK for doctor's gowns; the Oxford doctor's shape and the Cambridge doctor's shape. The former has bell-shaped sleeves, the latter has long open sleeves. Another rarer form is the Cambridge Doctor of Music dress gown which is a pattern between the two. The

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Elementary and high school students also wear a certain kind of academic dress upon their graduation, usually a white gown and mortarboard for public schools. For private schools, the gown and mortarboard's color is at the discretion of the administration. There are several schools which make use of

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or other awards. There is at some colleges and universities a practice of moving the tassel from one side to the other on graduating, but this is a modern innovation that would be impractical out of doors due to the vagaries of the wind. For doctoral and masters students, the tassel commonly begins

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At degree ceremonies, graduands often dress in the academic dress of the degree they are about to be admitted to prior to the actual graduation ceremony. This is not the case at several of the older universities in the UK, most notably, Oxford, Cambridge and St Andrews which have their own distinct

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of hoods in academic dress represents the rank and/or faculty of the wearer. In many Commonwealth universities bachelors wear hoods edged or lined with white rabbit fur, while masters wear hoods lined with coloured silk (originally ermine or other expensive fur). Doctors' hoods are normally made of

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Academic dress in South Africa varies from one institution to another, but generally follow UK patterns. A common distinction is for graduands in all degrees up to and including the master's degree to have black gowns, while the PhD candidate wears a scarlet gown. These days, academic dress is only

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In Portugal, following an ancient tradition, university regular students also use a specific dressing. The "traje académico", as it is known in Portuguese, is recognized by its almost totally black color and cape. But other student dresses did exist, including the unique blue attire of the students

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In general, the materials used for academic dress are heavily influenced by the climate where the academic institution is located, or the climate where the graduate will usually be wearing the costume (as a faculty member at another institution, for example). In either case, the American Council of

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262. The canonical effects of the doctorate and of the science are listed in can. 1378...doctors or an academic diegree in one of the four above-mentioned faculties <<See 261: philosophy, theology, canon law, Sacred Scripture>> have the highest rank, duly created, or promoted regularly

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Headwear is an important component of cap-and-gown, and the academic costume is not complete without it. The headwear will vary with the level of academic achievement and, to some extent, on the individual academic institution's specifications. For caps, the mortarboard is recommended in the Code,

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The Sartoria Gammerelli as of August 2013 offers, in line with the updated stipulations of the Pontifical Gregorian University, birettas lined with the following assorted piping and tufts depending on which faculty one is graduated from: Green for Canon Law, Red for Sacred Theology, Blue for

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262. Doctoratus ac Scentiae effectus canonici sic recensentur can. 1378...doctoribus seu gradum academicum in una ex quatuor supradictis facultatibus <<vide 261: philosophia, theologia, ius canonicum, Sacra Scriptura>> supremum obtinentibus, rite creatis, seu promotis regulariter post

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Academic regalia in the United States has been influenced by the academic dress traditions of Europe. There is an Inter-Collegiate code which sets out a detailed uniform scheme of academic regalia followed by most, though some institutions do not adhere to it entirely, and fewer still ignore it.

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uses a gown which is heavily deviated from the original British style. Gowns for bachelors and masters are made of black stuff. Doctoral gowns are made from scarlet cloth. Instead of being open-fronted like ones in the United Kingdom and Australia, all gowns are close-fronted, probably due to the

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The hood, like the gown, is identical to that of the hood for the Cambridge Master of Arts. A Bachelor's degree hood is lined with coloured satin and bordered with white fur (the exception to this are Canterbury and Waikato University which do not line their hoods with fur). The bachelor's degree

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New York Times. "Gowns for College Men; Academic Costumes in American Universities (1896): Plan to Secure a Uniform Practice in the Use of the Caps and Gowns in This Country So that the Degree of the Wearer, the Faculty Under Whom It Was Obtained, and the Institution Conferring It May Be Readily

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Since most Thai universities do not fully understand the original American tradition, they usually use an American doctoral gown for their doctoral degree. By reducing the number of velvet bars on the sleeve, it is possible to get gowns for masters (2 bars) and bachelors (1 bar or none). Notable

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to show which university the wearer is attending. Technology students generally wear their caps more frequently, and thus the tuft often symbolizes university engineering students. Although universities have different rules regarding the use of the cap, caps are generally not awarded to students

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The colours of the various academic fields are daffodil (yellow) for literature and arts, amaranth (purplish red) for science, redcurrant (reddish pink) for medicine, scarlet red for law, and violet (purple) for theology. University rectors, chancellors or presidents wear also specific costumes,

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exercises (commonly referred to as Convocation), installations of their presiding officers, and special convocations, such as the inauguration of newly endowed professorial chairs and inductions to some of the honour and professional societies with university chapters. Academic regalia typically

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officials, though, are closer to the American pattern for the master's robe with above-the-elbow, square, slit-cut sleeves. The scarlet, doctor of philosophy (PhD) regalia of McGill can now be worn closed-front, unlike the open-front only gown of the University of Cambridge higher doctoral full

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or the like during graduation ceremonies, and a number of universities may bar finishing students from joining the procession or the ceremony itself if not appropriately dressed (though this sometimes refers only to requiring the proper wear of academic dress and not what is worn beneath it, if

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degree, which is awarded in any number of fields: "In the case of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, the dark blue colour is used to represent the mastery of the discipline of learning and scholarship in any field that is attested to by the awarding of the degree, and it is not intended to

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is composed of a cluster of silk threads which are wrapped together with a cord which is attached to the button affixed to the centre of the headpiece. The loose strands are allowed to fall freely over the board edge, typically falling over the left front side of the cap. Often the strands are

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German academic dress generally consists of gown and cap. Nowadays, if in use at all, it is only found at special occasions, such as public processions, inaugurations of rectors, and graduation ceremonies. Historically, only the rectors, deans, professors, and lecturers wore academic dress—not

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A long gown (a bit similar to a cassock) with a long row of buttons (traditionally, 33, but nowadays usually fewer) in front and a train at the back (which in the current costume is not visible but attached with a button in the inner side of the gown). The gown is in two colours: black and the

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in 1895 and adopted a code of academic regalia, which prescribed the cut and style and materials of the gowns, as well as determined the colors which were to represent the different fields of learning. These rules were soon adopted by Columbia's peer institutions, including Harvard, Yale, and

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Undergraduates at many older universities also wear gowns; the most common essentially a smaller knee-length version of the Bachelor's gown, or the Oxford Commoners gown which is a sleeveless lay type gown and has two streamers at the back at Oxford. At Cambridge, most colleges have their own

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motifs, apart from being influenced by the academic dress system in the United Kingdom which incoporates Tudor bonnets for doctorates and mortarboard for Masters and Bachelor's Degrees holder. For instance, university chancellors who were royal heads of state usually incoporates yellow-colour

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Many institutions whose dress includes gowns of varying lengths prescribe the appropriate length of each gown with reference to parts of the wearer's body (undergraduate gowns at Cambridge, for example, must not reach the knees, whereas BA gowns should reach just beyond them, according to the

6178: 2039:, who also wears an academic gown and carries the university's mace. Male professors remove their beret when sitting down and put it on when standing up (e.g. to lecture or to address a doctoral candidate during the thesis defence). Female professors may keep the beret on at all times. 1323:, following the years of 1967 all West German universities dropped their academic dress because they were identified with right-winged conservatism and reactionism by the partly socialist influenced students at that time: The famous slogan "Unter den Talaren – Muff von 1000 Jahren" ( 3554:

As a note, Mahachulalongkorn and Mahamakut Buddhist universities do not prescribe an academic dress for monks, nuns and clergymen. It is also customary that monks and ministers of religion do not wear a dress, when they are being admitted to the degree at other Thai universities.

1032:, an ancient Roman garment), is similar to French judges' court dress, except for its colour, which depends on the academic field in which the wearer graduated. It is nowadays little worn, except by doctors during the opening of the university year or the ceremony for a doctorate 4056:

and, though the base of the sleeve hangs down in the typical manner, it is square cut at the rear part of the oblong shape. The front part has an arc cut away, and there is a slit for the wrist opening, but the rest of the arc is closed. The shape is evocative of the square-cut

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distinctive design of gown. Undergraduates at St Andrews, with the exception of theology students, commonly wear scarlet woollen gowns with velvet collars. Undergraduate gowns are seldom worn (even in institutions that prescribe them) nowadays except in the older universities.

1604:– For undergraduate and master's degrees a mortarboard is worn. Unlike most academic caps, which are square in shape, the Indonesian cap is usually pentagonal. Another type of cap like Tudor bonnet is generally worn by doctoral students, although in some universities like 4089:(PhD), although it is awarded for study in any number of fields, the dark blue velvet of philosophy is always used regardless of the particular field studied. For example, if not choosing black trim, a PhD in theology would wear velvet gown trim in dark blue, while a 1614:– In most universities, before the commencement ceremony, undergraduates' tassel are placed on the left position, and during the graduation procession students receive their degree scroll/diploma and then move their tassel to the right. Tassels are also color-coded. 926:

universities, or the Intercollegiate Code of Academic Costume ratified by most American universities in the late 1890s. Other universities contain elements of the British and American patterns for some or all of their academic costumes. A classic example is the

1598:– In most universities capes are commonly used for undergraduates/bachelor's degree students, meanwhile hoods are commonly used for graduate students (master/doctoral) and academic staff. A cape/hood is also colour-coded according to the field of study/faculty. 3811:

Another form of dress, now rarely seen, is the habit, which is worn over a black gown. Only Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and Newcastle use habits and mainly reserve their use for very formal ceremonial occasions and to a specific group of academics or officials.

1382:, and possibly a stole in faculty colour. At most other universities, faculties are responsible for organizing graduation ceremonies individually. Some faculties have decided for wearing academic dress at their ceremonies as well, e.g., the Faculty of Law at 1268:

is also used for the robes of Protestant (Lutheran) pastors and rabbis (not for judges or lawyers, their gowns are called "Robe"), although these gowns often differ more or less in cut, length, drapings, and sometimes even in colour (the gowns of the

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and either a hood or scarf, depending on whether the graduate is receiving a degree or diploma. If the graduate is receiving a degree, a hood will be worn throughout the ceremony. If a diploma is received, the graduate will wear a diploma scarf.

1194:("great costume"). Both are identical in form, and differ only in the presence or absence of the mortarboard and the repartition of colours on the gown and sash (the other elements of the dress, especially the epitoga, being identical for both): 721:

Education (ACE) allows for the comfort of the wearer, and concedes that lighter materials be used in tropical climates, and heavier materials elsewhere. In addition, it acknowledges cotton poplin, broadcloth, rayon, or silk as appropriate.

6444: 4177:, etc. representing various academic achievements or other honours are also worn at the discretion of some degree-granting institutions. Technically, however, the ACE code does not allow their use on or over academic regalia. 4051:

gowns in the United States are similar to their counterparts in the United Kingdom, though bachelor's gowns are now designed to be worn closed, and all are at least mid-calf length to ankle-length. The masters' gown sleeve is

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A full set may cost about US$ 360 (£180) for cheap materials to as much as $ 5800 (£2900) for high-quality materials. Usually, ex-hire gowns are available for purchase at cheaper prices, though the quality may be lower.

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The colours allocated to the various fields of learning have been largely standardized in the United States by the Intercollegiate Bureau of Academic Costume, and accepted by the American Council on Education in its

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issue black gowns for graduates and post graduates; red gowns for masters and Phd graduates; crimson gowns for chancellors with a different colour gowns for senior academic faculty. These universities only issue

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on the graduation day to new graduates and only issue mortar boards to chancellor, vice chancellor and registrars. Private universities issue mortar boards to graduates along with a hood in place of garland.

736:, silk, or artificial silk gowns are only available when bought. Undergraduate gowns are usually made from cotton or cotton and polyester mix and are relatively inexpensive to encourage students to own them. 5642: 3998:

period, and was heavily influenced by European practices and styles. Students of most colonial colleges were required to wear the "college habit" at most times – a practice that lasted until the eve of the

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American academic dress is typically closed at the front and properly worn with the prescribed cap, as well as the hood. On the baccalaureate dress shown other items such as scarves, stoles or cords may be

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A long, wide belt or sash, either black or of the colour of the relevant academic field, ended by fringes (which may be golden or of the same colour as the belt), and attached with a broad, ornamental knot.

4127:). Many institutions, particularly larger ones, have dispensed with the bachelor's hood at commencement ceremonies altogether, though a graduate is still entitled to wear one once the degree is conferred. 4121:. In most American colleges and universities, the colour of the velvet hood trimming is distinctive of the academic field – or as closely related as possible – to which the degree earned pertains (see 5252: 1068:), over which a white tie may be worn for ceremonial occasions: It is made of lace for the dean of the faculty, the president of the university, and a few other officials, of plain cotton for others. 5282: 724:

The materials used for academic dress vary and range from the extremely economical to the very expensive. In the United States, most Bachelor and master's degree candidates are often presented the "

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used at graduation ceremonies. The wearing of traditional African attire, or modern clothes inspired by traditional attire, beneath the academic dress has been a distinct trend in recent years.

1331:) refers not to the old traditions of the Middle Ages, but especially to the Nazi regime and their self-declared "empire of 1000 years". In East Germany, which was a communist one-party state, 6452: 3629:

graduates wear an academic gown. Doctoral graduates in Islamic Sciences wear a jebba. In other Tunisian universities, like the medical university, doctoral graduates wear an academic dress.

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for women, which led to students at other universities demanding similar dresses. Slowly Indian universities started replacing the robes and gowns with traditional dresses. In 2019, India's

1202:, the gown is all black, except the simarras which are of the colour of the academic field; the buttons are black; the sash and its fringes moiré black; the mortarboard is usually not worn; 7325: 7202: 5954: 4712:

undress and full dress academic dress costs £2910 (undress gown: £181, hood: £409, rigid mortarboard: £80, full dress gown: £2117, velvet bonnet: £123). Information retrieved 18 May 2007.

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at the right shoulder, it is then moved to the left shoulder after the President of the university confers their degree, "similar to the moving of the tassel of the academic cap." The

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at the University of Toronto, academic gowns are still required for all students and faculty at Wednesday dinners, most college meetings, debates, and certain special college events.

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tends to vary by the host country. Traditionally, for doctors of a pontifical university or faculty "the principal mark of a Doctor's dignity is the four horned biretta." Under the

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in the U.S., graduation ceremonies have gained popularity and have expanded from high school graduations to middle school, elementary school and kindergarten graduation ceremonies.

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In Thailand, there are five different styles of academic dress: (1) traditional Thai, (2) traditional American, (3) French (Paris), (4) modified American, and (5) modified British.

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Code of Canon Law, 1917, can. 1378; Commentary on the Text of the Code of Canon Law, 1923, comm. 262: Commentary of the Code of Canon Law, 1922, Book III, Part IV, Tit. XXII, 262

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Generally, academic regalia in the United States consists of a mortarboard cap affixed with a tassel, and gown worn over other clothing. The ensemble can also be adorned with an

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Codex Iuris Canonici, 1917, can. 1378; Commentarium Textus Codicis Iuris Canonici, 1923, comm. 262: Commentarium Codicis Iuris Canonici, 1922, Liber III, Pars IV, Tit. XXII, 262

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edged in faculty-specific colours, others have a decorated sleeve but without specific faculty colours. Recently established universities may show a greater variety of colours.

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unseen). In the Commonwealth, gowns are worn open, while in the United States, with a few exceptions, it has become common for gowns to close at the front, as did the original

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many professors in many universities had stopped wearing academical gowns also in the formal occasions but since the 1990s people have started to use them again, mostly in

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concerns. Some robe makers use fur if the customer requests and pays for it, as some feel that the quality and feel of artificial fur has yet to match that of real fur.

5564: 3893:. They wear a velvet mortarboard, similarly trimmed with gold braid and tassel. Other than this gown, they may have other distinct forms of dress, such as the scarlet 2685: 1308:, which type of cap is used varies by university as well. Historically, caps made of soft materials rather than the square academic cap are common. The colour of the 6894: 6872: 5520: 4257: 3901:

worn in certain circumstances by the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge or his/her deputy and by higher doctors presenting candidates for degrees, which was once worn by

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Academic dress may be completed by a chain of office (for the presiding Rector or Dean) or the insignia of honorary doctorates or royal orders (only worn at the

6396: 4736: 911:), robe, and hood. Until the 1930s, Canadian universities customarily prescribed academic robes for its professors and students at classes and lectures. At the 5794: 4959: 4907: 4248:

graduates consists of a black toga or academic gown with trim to follow the color of the faculty, and an academic ring. For the doctoral degree a four corned

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and the material required to match the gown. The exception—velvet—is reserved for the doctor's degree only, seen in the form of a multiple-sided (4, 6, or 8)

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together to form a cord with the end threads left untied. In many universities, holders of doctorates wear a soft-crowned, round-brimmed headpiece known as a

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There is a distinction between different types of academical dress. Most recently, gowns, hoods and caps are categorised into their shape and patterns by the

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established several rules about academic dress, according to the centuries-old Spanish custom. The typical Spanish academic dress for doctors is composed by:

703:) to be worn under the gown. Although some universities are relaxed about what people wear under their gowns, it is nevertheless considered bad form to be in 4571:"History and Archives of the American College of Surgeons; Highlight of the Month October 10, 2005; The Clinical Congress: Then and Now, accessed 01/29/2008" 4093:(Th.D.) would wear scarlet trim, if not choosing black. The robes have full sleeves, instead of the bell sleeves of the bachelor's gown. Some gowns expose a 5244: 3613:

mixes a modified American gown (i.e. a close-fronted black gown with different number of bars on the sleeve) with an altered version of Oxford simple hood.

2923:(University president) are bright red or pink, and the lace is usually silken. The buttons are made of gold for the Rector and made of silver for the Deans. 1362:

Since 2005, some universities introduced centrally organized graduation ceremonies for students of all faculties where academic dress is worn, most notably

7662: 5716: 5379: 5312: 5274: 3722: 3284:

In Sri Lanka, the academic dress consists of gown, hood (post-graduate) and a garland (on graduation day). Universities that were affiliated to the former

2019:

At Dutch universities, academic dress does not come with a degree but with the incumbency of a professorial chair: only full, chaired professors wear the

4440: 1551:

is only worn in graduation ceremonies. An Indonesian toga generally comes in three pieces of clothing: a gown, a cape or a hood, and a cap with tassel (

7754: 4405: 3468:. Traditionally, the robe is a one-piece open-fronted garment made with a mesh, faced and bordered with a velvet or felt band. Since the conception of 2597: 2074:

It is common for graduands to wear clothing or adornments significant to their culture at their graduation ceremony. For example, it is common to see

4380: 3449:

Academic dress varies from university to university in Taiwan, generally consisting of cap and gown. Its use is limited to such special occasions as

2934:), whose colour depends on the academic field. Tassels of doctors holding more than one degree in separate fields alternate the corresponding colors. 2457: 1636: 936:

dress, from which it evolved. Gold strand tassels used in American doctoral regalia are wrapped around McGill's otherwise Tudor-style bonnet or tam.

4123: 4081: 5983: 5440: 3792:

or other clerical dress, and restricted to clothes of black or other dark colour. The gowns most commonly worn, that of the clerical type gowns of

7678: 4881: 3859: 1398: 908: 572:(or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities). It is also known as 5951: 3406:

a cape and a sword are commonly worn with the doctoral hat. Students of the student organization "Limes" may also be seen wearing a black cape.

7822: 7817: 7776: 7771: 5812: 5033: 4852: 4830: 4430: 4420: 4415: 4274:

A three-peaked black biretta with appropriately colored piping may be similarly used by those receiving the licentiate degree (S.T.L., Ph.L.).

2397: 697:, and women would wear equivalent attire. Some older universities, particularly Oxford and Cambridge, have a prescribed set of dress (known as 5877: 5851: 5059: 7807: 7724: 4365: 4355: 4261: 4242: 3829:

scarlet cloth and lined with coloured silk. Faculty colours were introduced by the University of London and many universities followed suit.

522: 380: 5590: 3365:

until the completion of the first year of studies. The technology student's hat may also be seen on informal occasions, being worn with the

8019: 7625: 5616: 3352:

and is acceptable wear for both formal and informal academic celebrations. Technology students wear a special kind of student cap called a

1348: 6239: 6203: 6139: 6103: 6009: 5768: 5746: 5419: 5159: 4709: 7812: 7791: 7719: 4445: 4375: 4350: 3255: 6282: 849:

university's statutes). As such, suppliers of academic dress produce gowns in many different sizes to fit persons of different heights.

7781: 7764: 7759: 7734: 7694: 7657: 5679: 5664: 5546: 5506: 5466: 5405: 5085: 4450: 4425: 4410: 4395: 4370: 3718: 3473: 2680: 539: 7887: 6927:

Christianson, Bruce (2006), "Academic Dress in the University of Hertfordshire". Hertfordshire, England: University of Hertfordshire.

5334: 7786: 7749: 7739: 7615: 6037: 5137: 5111: 4497: 4435: 4400: 4385: 3519: 6081: 5359: 4797: 799:, or a mixture. Pure Ottoman silk is rarely used except for official gowns, as it is very expensive. Some gowns may be trimmed with 7744: 7357: 4390: 7861: 7851: 7216: 4482: 1270: 2967: 7856: 4525: 4271:

in its May 2011 meeting indicated that the black biretta may be used with trim and pom in the color of the particular faculty.

3949:

in doctoral regalia. The rules of academic dress in the United States were first standardized at Columbia, before spreading to

3493: 1335:

were abolished by law at about the same time. After East Germany began to dissolve in 1989, several universities, particularly

7316: 6537: 5215: 5185: 2979:. It is worn only by doctors, deans and the University Rector. For other graduates, the academic dress is often composed by a 7168: 7140: 7126: 7112: 7041: 5903: 4570: 4492: 4472: 2581: 2566: 2547: 245: 165: 78: 5560: 4596: 2031:, inaugural lectures, and the public defence of a doctoral thesis. On such occasions, the assembled professors line up as a 7704: 7587: 7285: 6958: 6358: 4487: 4030:, appointed by the American Council on Education in 1959, again reviewed the academic dress code and made several changes. 4004: 3712: 3547: 2519: 1690:, etc.). Usually gowns are worn only by professors during ceremonies and, in some faculties, during graduations. After the 1445: 1421: 1079:

Professors who served 20 years are sometimes presented with a sword (identical model to that of French police commissars).

6898: 6868: 5524: 4238:

Philosophy, and Orange for Social Sciences. Three-horned birettas are to be used by Licentiates, four-horned for Doctors.

4026:

The committee reviewed the situation and approved a code for academic costumes that has been in effect since that year. A

2991:) with the shield of the university and/or faculty. The colour of the mozzetta or the sash depends on the academic field. 9986: 7843: 7729: 7641: 6418: 4982:"Von Tradition und Moderne: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena begrüßt neue Studierende mit feierlicher Immatrikulation" 4360: 4338: 3933: 3559: 2973:

However, this academic dress is only used for the opening of the academic year and for PhD graduations or for doctorates

2702:

Academic dress varies from university to university. In some situations, such as in doctoral exams, the hat is not used.

928: 6568: 6329: 6310: 4623: 4554: 1288:, e.g., made of velvet, coloured in red, or with gold embroidery. At some universities, the rector additionally wears a 666:. This overgarment had the practical purpose of keeping a scholar warm while they were sitting, immobile, or studying. 7978: 5484: 3595: 1662:, etc.) of the different universities, due to the great number of ancient universities in the country (for example the 595:

still is, worn daily. Today, the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consist of a

535: 4929: 7239: 7220:. The Trustees of Princeton University (Printed by Office of Printing and Mailing), 1994. Accessed 26 September 2008. 7098: 7084: 7070: 7019: 6998: 6970: 6953: 6392: 4732: 3784:, a garment resembling a long black cape. In early medieval times, all students at the universities were in at least 3523: 3307: 2856: 2006: 1524: 1367: 997: 515: 5798: 4955: 4903: 3348:) usually has a white velvet crown, a black band and a black beak. The cap can be worn by anyone who has passed the 2838: 1988: 979: 7999: 4008: 4197:

and other academic settings, doctors from pontifical faculties and universities had a canonical right to wear the

9942: 7882: 7828: 5708: 4455: 4201:, as stated in can. 1378, and explained in commentary 262 of the Commentarium Codicis Iuris Canonici as follows: 3325:

Finland and Sweden have similar traditions when it comes to academic clothing. For important academic ceremonies

2830: 1980: 1502: 1390:. This practice is commonly understood as following Anglo-American examples rather than reviving old traditions. 1280:

can be described as a long black gown with wide sleeves, often with lapels in faculty colour, while deans wear a

971: 5383: 5304: 5007: 4101:

when closed, while others take an almost cape-like form. It is designed to be worn open or closed in the front.

3329:

is usually worn, however, often with traditional headwear and gowns. Gowns are not generally used except by the

931:, whose British origins are evident in the regalia of its degree holders. The distinctive ceremonial regalia of 6932: 5160:"Prosaisch bis pompös: Absolventenfeiern und Abschiedsrituale – Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt" 2834: 2560: 2452: 1984: 1506: 975: 5987: 1448:

formally issued a circular to all public and private universities to opt for Indian traditional dress made of

1256:

The gown of the German academic dress is called "Talar" (with the accent on the second "a": talár; from Latin

6624: 5952:

https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2012/11/filipe-da-silva-encabeca-lista-candidata-a-associacao-academica-da-ualg/

5929: 4020: 3605: 3529: 2485: 1075:

In principle, a white bow tie (for men only ; quite rarely seen) and white gloves (nowadays never used).

912: 7387: 7350: 5950:

Filipe da Silva encabeça lista candidata à Associação Académica da UAlg, Sul Informação (16 November 2012)

5423: 4323: 4318: 3762: 3754: 1942: 508: 4783:

Armagost, Robert (2009). University Uniforms: The Standardization of Academic Dress in the United States.

3990:

Academic regalia consisting of mortarboard cap, tassell, gown, and academic honors stole (Whitman College)

3680:

Academic regalia in Turkey has many similarities with the academic dress traditions of the United States.

2530:

was inspired from the Malong of Muslim Mindanao, giving it a Filipiniana look. It features the indigenous

6680: 3965:

The Harvard doctoral gown and hood, which do not entirely follow the American Council on Education system

3905:. In the past, Chancellors may also wear full court dress with breeches and court shoes like that of the 2489: 1687: 1387: 669:

Formal or sober clothing is typically worn beneath the gown so, for example, men would often wear a dark

17: 5444: 4683: 3472:, the traditional suea khrui was adopted for their graduates. Influenced by the colour of gowns used at 2958:

Doctorates wearing the Spanish doctor's academic dress with colours used for the various academic fields

9996: 7582: 6345:

Groves, Nicholas. "Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland", London: Burgon Society, 2011.

4003:

in many institutions of higher learning. In some rare instances the practice has persisted, such as at

3871: 3858:, rather than a trencher. Other types of hats used, especially in some universities in the UK, are the 4877: 2461: 1945:

includes an academic sash as academic regalia specifically for first class bachelor's degree holders.

9329: 3661: 3430: 3349: 2734: 2642: 2504: 1938: 1934: 1909: 1242: 7304:

The Degrees, Gowns and Hoods of the British, Colonial, Indian and American Universities and Colleges

5873: 5847: 5820: 5029: 4826: 2661:

The wearing of traditional academic dress is an important feature of Polish educational ceremonies.

1249:

students or graduates. Each German university had its own system of colours and drapings to signify

9991: 5055: 3626: 3483: 3469: 3394: 2879: 2819: 2068: 1969: 1425: 1409: 1340: 1264:). It can be traced back to the everyday clothes of the scholars in the Middle Ages. The same word 960: 894:, academic regalia are worn by university officials, faculty, students, and honoured guests during 4757:

Gibson, William (2004). The Regulation of Undergraduate Dress at Oxford and Cambridge, 1660–1832.

2889:

The typical Spanish academic dress has Latin origin. It has been regulated since 1850, when Queen

2575: 2484:

In some schools of the country, the colour of the gown corresponds to the school colour (Blue for

10048: 7945: 7343: 5586: 3744: 3579: 2950:

Medallions are often worn by postgraduates, doctors, professors, deans and the university rector.

2823: 2690: 2164: 2055: 1973: 1495: 1402: 1320: 964: 655: 643: 6825:

John Abel Nainfa, Costume of Prelates of The Catholic Church: According To Roman Etiquette, 164.

5612: 3885:

may wear a black damask lay type gown (sometimes with a long train) trimmed with gold or silver

1355:

for officials. Some traditional universities in West German states have since followed, such as

732:

or other human-made synthetic fibre. In Britain, rented gowns are almost always polyester while

10001: 9334: 7971: 7877: 6250: 6214: 6150: 6114: 6020: 5772: 5738: 4298: 4231: 4190: 3916:

In addition to universities and colleges, a number of British professional bodies, such as the

3878: 3403: 3360:(Swedish). It is similar to the traditional student cap, but features a tuft and a distinctive 2493: 1683: 1605: 1371: 6660: 4460: 8583: 6275: 4194: 4186: 3543: 3450: 2707: 1663: 1383: 1356: 1336: 918:

Most Canadian universities follow or adopted either the British University academic dress at

264: 5245:"Convocation robes out, students will now wear traditional attire 'made of Indian handloom'" 5081: 3961: 2919:) of the same fabric and color than the mozetta, covered by white cotton lace. Those of the 9974: 9034: 8014: 5338: 4699:

The cost difference between artificial and real fur can be as much as a few hundred pounds.

4673: 4303: 4158: 4086: 4044: 3921: 3917: 3793: 3761:. This lists the various styles or patterns of academic dress and assigns them a code or a 3610: 3591: 3567: 3563: 3503: 3285: 2890: 2343: 1072:

is more relaxed, and the mortarboard is sometimes seen worn by women or worn indoor by men.

651: 635: 592: 343: 52: 41: 37: 9263: 6048: 5133: 4904:"Famous photo of students in 1967 revolting in Hamburg in front of fully dressed scholars" 3683: 767:, Russell cord, or corded/ribbed material. For silk, there are a range of types including 27:

Attire worn by students and officials at certain schools and universities for commencement

8: 9843: 8411: 8321: 8009: 7433: 7403: 6073: 5220: 4283: 4267:, is white, to correspond to the white Dominican habit. Also, the academic senate of the 4015: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3874:(at Sussex). In some universities, such as Oxford, women may wear an Oxford ladies' cap. 3863: 3732: 3599: 3509: 3143: 2497: 1831: 1679: 1671: 1667: 1555: 1379: 659: 608: 423: 60: 4014:

was created, to establish an acceptable system of academic dress. The commission met at

3695: 3398:, one scene shows the conferral of a Jubilee doctor degree on the main character at the 631: 9560: 8723: 8612: 8578: 8573: 8546: 8416: 8316: 7217:

The REGALIA of Princeton University: Pomp, Circumstance, and Accountrements of Academia

4106: 4090: 4048: 4000: 3950: 3902: 3867: 3797: 3747: 3587: 3583: 3399: 3319: 3212: 3093: 2392: 2287: 1675: 1640: 1363: 1344: 1250: 1010: 561: 398: 385: 204: 111: 6612:

The Regalia of Princeton University: Pomp, Circumstance, and Accoutrements of Academia

4574: 3877:

Officers of the universities generally wear distinctive and more elaborate dress. The

1043:

standard colour of the academic field in which the wearer graduated (see below), with

10006: 9930: 9873: 9779: 9706: 9590: 9386: 9324: 9100: 9085: 9059: 8840: 8669: 8622: 8607: 8331: 8274: 8150: 8004: 7964: 7592: 7245: 7235: 7164: 7136: 7122: 7108: 7094: 7080: 7066: 7037: 7015: 6994: 6966: 6949: 6928: 5658: 5540: 5500: 5460: 5399: 4329:

Academic dress details for the following universities are available via these links:

3995: 3687: 3330: 3264: 3207: 2667: 2439: 2383: 2087: 1789: 1628: 1284:

completely in faculty colour. Rectors typically have a distinguished, more elaborate

1237: 932: 867: 800: 776: 682: 620: 569: 565: 543: 187: 4529: 3594:. Some universities even incorporate the hood into a pattern on the gown, including 3464:

Some universities prefer a traditional robe originated in the royal court, known as

2054:

University graduates in New Zealand wear an academic gown identical to those of the

10011: 9868: 9799: 9784: 9413: 9122: 8568: 8531: 8406: 8341: 8299: 8140: 7577: 7526: 7281: 7256: 7251: 6991:

Academical Dress of Music Colleges and Societies of Musicians in the United Kingdom

6545: 5008:"Tradition an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle: Talare als Zeichen der Freiheit" 4154: 3890: 3221: 2901:) with a long row of buttons, made of satin and wool. It is worn over a black suit. 2173: 2155: 2027:

Academic dress is only worn on ceremonial occasions: the university anniversary or

1691: 1158: 1065: 686: 370: 161: 7408: 7261:

Academical Dress from the Middle Ages to the Present Day Including Lambeth Degrees

5899: 2609: 2508: 810:

has been used to line certain hoods (especially those of the UK) which range from

10029: 9957: 9910: 9719: 9575: 9497: 9460: 9396: 9127: 9039: 9024: 8976: 8895: 8890: 8855: 8845: 8762: 8740: 8441: 8401: 8155: 8102: 7469: 6362: 6333: 6314: 5958: 5366: 4687: 4600: 4558: 3954: 3906: 3882: 3825: 3366: 3102: 3044: 2534:

characters for "U" and "P". During the commencement ceremony, graduates wear the

2425: 2352: 2229: 2215: 2187: 1878: 1845: 1541:

Common type of Indonesian academic regalia with color-coded cape and pentagon cap

1289: 1124: 879: 822:

was widely used. Most now use imitation fur, instead, mainly because of cost and

768: 604: 407: 307: 9258: 6569:"The History Behind 'Pomp & Circumstance' and 8 Other Graduation Traditions" 6355: 2075: 1623: 9937: 9570: 9401: 9391: 9317: 9236: 9029: 8956: 8793: 8718: 8703: 8654: 8639: 8634: 8595: 8493: 8486: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8264: 8229: 7912: 7907: 7479: 7413: 7029: 6541: 4772:

A History of Academical Dress in Europe until the End of the Eighteenth Century

4293: 4288: 4170: 4098: 3980: 3769: 3389: 3376:

for persons who have completed a PhD or similar degree. These usually resemble

3157: 2543: 2301: 2247: 2233: 2201: 2127: 1836: 1794: 1571: 1375: 694: 670: 658:, which was a development of academic and clerical dress common throughout the 498: 319: 269: 220: 9724: 7033: 6422: 10042: 9962: 9952: 9925: 9915: 9885: 9856: 9443: 9406: 9381: 9376: 8971: 8875: 8870: 8767: 8757: 8752: 8708: 8446: 8436: 8381: 7531: 6625:"About – The Order of Gownsmen – Sewanee :: The University of the South" 6326: 6307: 6140:"By-law on Academic Dress, Academic Badge and Degrees of Naresuan University" 4627: 4551: 4136: 4110: 4072: 3533: 3385: 2975: 2874: 2329: 2261: 2099: 1933:

academic gown to denote their royal status. Certain universities, especially

1643: 1449: 1405: 1034: 823: 760: 647: 312: 241: 100: 8242: 2507:, due to their Spanish heritage, follow Spanish academic attire such as the 1537: 591:

ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was, and to a lesser degree in many

9969: 9789: 9110: 8996: 8991: 8865: 8803: 8730: 8553: 8376: 8346: 8289: 8048: 7567: 7552: 7537: 7443: 7423: 7161:

Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 9 – Special North American issue

5275:"Mumbai University dumps 'colonial robes' for Indian attire at convocation" 4149: 3994:

The practice of wearing academic regalia in the United States dates to the

3851: 3838: 3833: 3785: 3373: 3175: 3116: 3067: 2878:

doctorates wearing the Spanish doctor's academic dress for Sciences at the

2136: 2122: 1729: 1659: 1559: 1083:

which are violet regardless of the academic field in which they graduated.

904: 733: 616: 415: 352: 324: 209: 129: 3983:—a vestment used by various organizations to denote academic achievement. 2688:

wearing academic regalia. A scholar and politician, he was the founder of

9890: 9851: 9585: 9580: 9545: 9465: 9371: 9246: 9226: 9221: 9159: 9149: 9144: 9132: 9115: 9095: 9090: 8850: 8798: 8788: 8747: 8659: 8588: 8541: 8391: 8386: 8284: 8172: 8167: 8085: 7922: 7917: 7572: 7438: 4174: 4166: 3866:(a reinvention of the ancient form of the mortarboard, worn by Cambridge 3513: 3337: 3171: 3162: 3071: 2980: 2869: 2605: 2478: 2477:

Most colleges and universities in the Philippines follow the traditional

2242: 2095: 1733: 1468: 1413: 900: 704: 375: 299: 74: 3649: 3418: 2722: 2630: 2554:

a hood-like design on top of their gowns which bears the school colors.

2546:

for men and Filipiniana dress for women. The garb was first worn at the

1897: 739:

People who choose to buy their dress may opt for finer fabrics, such as

474: 285: 274: 225: 214: 145: 134: 9834: 9809: 9804: 9739: 9729: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9565: 9512: 9418: 9344: 9241: 9204: 9186: 8986: 8935: 8813: 8808: 8772: 8664: 8649: 8508: 8498: 8476: 8451: 8294: 8252: 8202: 8197: 8075: 4313: 4034: 3497: 3487: 3465: 3314: 3250: 3193: 3189: 3039: 3011: 2757: 2378: 2310: 1859: 1715: 1695: 1509: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 895: 811: 764: 588: 347: 339: 334: 117: 3739: 481: 258: 198: 123: 9878: 9861: 9769: 9686: 9507: 9479: 9312: 9176: 9137: 9105: 8905: 8860: 8735: 8713: 8503: 8358: 8336: 8207: 8182: 8162: 5925: 4676: 4132: 4118: 4068: 4053: 3855: 3381: 3326: 3097: 3085: 2776: 2762: 2338: 2224: 2210: 2196: 1873: 1803: 1747: 1226: 1218: 923: 819: 796: 744: 729: 612: 176: 140: 89: 4722:

as they are large and most of the lining may not be seen when worn.

2808: 1958: 1484: 949: 9814: 9759: 9734: 9691: 9676: 9605: 9555: 9550: 9527: 9502: 9492: 9487: 9455: 9438: 9339: 9290: 9253: 9181: 9171: 9080: 9072: 9019: 8961: 8930: 8910: 8818: 8644: 8627: 8602: 8563: 8558: 8481: 8431: 8426: 8368: 8257: 8247: 8187: 8132: 8107: 8058: 8053: 8030: 7987: 7474: 4308: 4258:

Academic regalia of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas

4065:, below). The master's gown is designed to be worn open or closed. 4058: 4038: 4011: 3986: 3821: 3479:

Other universities in Thailand that use a traditional robe include

3377: 3198: 3129: 3111: 3089: 3025: 2954: 2905: 2531: 2448: 2420: 2406: 2366: 2296: 2256: 2182: 2091: 1817: 1775: 1552: 1378:). The graduates' dress usually consists of a simple black gown, a 862: 725: 557: 553: 329: 280: 65: 6628: 5900:"Alumni & Friends – University of Otago – University of Otago" 5305:"SESI VI | Foto Liputan | Wisuda Agustus 2017 | Foto Wisuda Unpad" 4071:

robes are typically black, although some schools use robes in the

1562:). Other items are also worn during graduation ceremony such as a 1326: 10024: 9981: 9947: 9920: 9764: 9749: 9744: 9714: 9663: 9653: 9648: 9595: 9540: 9517: 9356: 9302: 9297: 9209: 9166: 8966: 8617: 8523: 8351: 8311: 8304: 8192: 8177: 8090: 7464: 7428: 7418: 7335: 6676: 6104:"Khon Kaen University's Ordinance on Academic and Official Dress" 4253: 4249: 4198: 4094: 3699: 3622: 3571: 3570:. Thammasat University employs a plain black gown with different 3402:, which includes the presentation of such a hat and ring. At the 3361: 3290: 3236: 2927: 2771: 2695: 2613: 2512: 2434: 2324: 2273: 1929: 1460: 1437: 1293: 838: 830: 780: 748: 699: 690: 678: 542:

in different colours, designed and presented by fashion designer

468: 403: 7207:, American Council on Education. Reprinted with permission from 6984:

Key to the Identification of Academic Hoods of the British Isles

6240:"By-law on the Academic Dress and Degrees, Kasetsart University" 1654:

there are several differences among the typical academic dress (

455: 181: 94: 9819: 9774: 9696: 9681: 9638: 9535: 9428: 9366: 9351: 9231: 9001: 8951: 8880: 8456: 8326: 8237: 8219: 8145: 8117: 8097: 8080: 8070: 7484: 6038:"University Ordinance on the Official and Academic Dress, 2003" 4114: 3842: 3609:

robemakers. The neckband is curved instead of being a chevron.

3030: 2994:

The colours used in Spain for the various academic fields are:

2601: 2036: 1928:

In Malaysia, most public university academic gowns incorporate

1780: 1752: 1589: 1585: 1567: 1175: 1107: 1019: 919: 891: 834: 788: 752: 740: 663: 7290:

The Degrees and Hoods of the World's Universities and Colleges

7268:

The Degrees and Hoods of the World's Universities and Colleges

4679:

hood made of pure Ottoman silk will cost around £347. Source:

3727: 448: 192: 105: 9824: 9754: 9450: 9423: 9361: 9285: 9214: 9154: 8981: 8885: 8832: 8681: 8421: 8396: 8279: 8269: 8214: 8038: 7927: 7510: 5769:"Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Festa di Laurea 2012" 5420:"University of Pavia Gloranata Laureato(Graduate day) banner" 4478:

Academic dress of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

3969: 3847: 3302: 3269: 3148: 3134: 3076: 3016: 2962: 2883: 2411: 2315: 1850: 1738: 1720: 1655: 1651: 1632: 1563: 1464: 1456: 1441: 1433: 1429: 1044: 815: 784: 772: 674: 428: 32: 4680: 4252:

is to be worn, and for the Licentiate degree a three corned

2947:) made of American reed is carried by the university rector. 2518:

A unique graduation garb worn at member universities of the

1386:

and the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration at

874: 9794: 9671: 9643: 9613: 9433: 9307: 9053: 8686: 8518: 8122: 8112: 7956: 7505: 7500: 7459: 6939:

Durham University: earlier foundations and present colleges

3898: 3886: 3817: 3241: 3180: 2357: 2150: 2141: 1864: 1808: 1766: 1547: 1141: 1028: 792: 756: 600: 596: 253: 7266:

Haycraft, F.W. (1948), 4th ed. rev. Stringer, E.W Scobie,

7030:

V.D.M. Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. K.G.

6393:"Shepherd & Woodward: Oxford University student gowns" 4858:(in German). Technische Universität Dresden. 16 March 2010 2105:

Below is a list of the general hood colours of graduates:

1100:

Divinity (and all high officials regardless of the field)

8925: 8065: 8043: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6731: 6729: 5874:"What to wear to graduation – The University of Auckland" 5848:"What to wear to graduation – The University of Auckland" 4800:(in German). Westfälische Nachrichten. 11 November 2012. 3125: 3058: 3053: 2282: 2168: 1822: 1761: 883: 807: 5162:(in German). Goethe University Frankfurt. 8 April 2015. 3837:

the board. The mortarboard may also be referred to as a

3632: 3306:

A traditional Finnish technology student's hat from the

1577:

There are four elements in Indonesian academic regalia:

638:

in a functional warm scholar's robe, fur-lined dark wool

7204:

An Academic Costume Code and An Academic Ceremony Guide

6445:"Traditional red gowns | University of St Andrews" 5709:"Unibo lauree giugno 2012: con toga in piazza Maggiore" 4930:"Feierliche Immatrikulation an der Universität Rostock" 6745: 6726: 6382:

Hargreaves-Mawdsley, pp. 91–101, 128–135, 146, 148–149

3318:

Finnish doctoral hat for a doctor of science from the

568:) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a 7159:

Wolgast, Stephen L., Kerr, Alex (eds) et al. (2011),

6606: 6604: 1253:

membership and position in the university hierarchy.

642:

The academic dress found in most universities in the

619:). Academic dress is also worn by members of certain 7250:, New York : Collegiate Cap & Gown Co. via 6977:

Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland

6204:"Ordinance on the Academic Dress and Academic Badge" 5010:(in German). Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. 2 November 2014 4853:"Die neue Amtskette des Rektors unserer Universität" 4075:. The Code calls for the outside shell of the hood ( 3723:

Academic dress of the National University of Ireland

5973:. Suuri Suomalainen Kirjakerho, Helsinki. Page 518. 4441:

Academic dress of the University of Wales, Lampeter

4033:Although academic dress is now rarely worn outside 6963:Academical Dress of British and Irish Universities 6778: 6601: 6538:"Regulations for other Institutions and Societies" 6276:"Graduation Ceremony Manual, Silpakorn University" 5703: 5701: 4621: 4406:Academic dress of Liverpool John Moores University 2598:Rector Magnificus of the University of Santo Tomas 7330:American Universities and Colleges, 15th Edition, 6419:"CU Cap & Gown Society: Gown-spotter's guide" 5842: 5840: 5838: 5435: 5433: 5056:"Pompöse Abschlussfeier: Die Rückkehr der Talare" 4526:"Cox, N. (2000). Academical dress in New Zealand" 4381:Academic dress of the University of Hertfordshire 3558:Other universities employs academic dress of the 1592:for fabric substitution) on the front and sleeve. 10040: 6807: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 5134:"Historische Insignien der Philipps-Universität" 4234:promulgated in 1983, but the tradition remains. 4153:itself. For example, if a graduate is awarded a 4109:or equal divisions). The opening of the hood is 2067:Undergraduates who live at College House at the 803:, cords, buttons, or other forms of decoration. 6797: 6795: 6793: 6047:. Royal Thai Government Gazette. Archived from 5698: 4984:(in German). Thüringen Reporter. Archived from 4262:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, 4243:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, 3757:, which is based on Nicholas Groves' document, 3602:. This eliminates the need of additional hood. 2608:, in full Spanish academic attire, wearing the 1416:at the university's 2016 convocation ceremonies 7211:, 15th Edition (1997). Walter de Gruyter, Inc. 6677:"Kindergarten graduation in the United States" 6665:. Alumni Council of Columbia University. 1920. 5835: 5813:"Come scegliere i colori giusti per la laurea" 5430: 4624:"University of Sheffield: What should I wear?" 4431:Academic dress of the University of St Andrews 4421:Academic dress of the University of Nottingham 4416:Academic dress of the University of Manchester 4148:Some of the more common colours seen are that 3539:All King Mongkut's Universities of Technology; 2912:), whose colour depends on the academic field. 2078:students wearing a traditional cloak known as 1639:, wearing gown and academic cap, welcomes the 1545:In Indonesia, academic regalia, also called a 1408:, a graduating student, and the Chancellor of 1047:(two vertical bands in the front of the gown). 7972: 7351: 7275:The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages 7189:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 13 7182:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 12 7175:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 11 7133:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 10 6714: 6695: 6356:http://www.burgon.org.uk/society/meetings.php 6168:"Graduate Manual for the Graduation Ceremony" 6010:"University Calendar on Academic Dress, 2010" 5186:"BHU convocation – nothing colonial about it" 4932:(in German). Rostock Heute. 17 October 2010. 4366:Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh 4356:Academic dress of the University of Cambridge 4037:ceremonies or other academic rituals such as 4028:Committee on Academic Costumes and Ceremonies 3706: 1428:replaced it with Indian traditional dress of 886:regalia dates back to the early 19th century. 516: 7230:American Council on Education staff (1997). 7119:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 8 7105:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 7 7091:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 6 7077:Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 5 6790: 4648:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, Gowns, 1608:the bonnet is worn for all academic degrees. 1351:, resurrected lost traditions including the 650:is derived from that of the universities of 587:Contemporarily, it is commonly seen only at 7319:– A list of internet resources compiled by 7014:, 9th ed. Oxford: Shepherd & Woodward. 6982:Groves, Nicholas (2002, 2003, 2008, 2010), 6591: 6589: 5058:(in German). Spiegel Online. 13 July 2005. 4660:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, Caps, 4446:Academic dress of the University of Warwick 4376:Academic dress of the University of Glasgow 4351:Academic dress of the University of Bristol 4105:(usually, if more than one colour is used, 2837:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2710:(UAlg) in use until at least to the 2010s. 2542:is worn over traditional Filipino attire – 1987:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1117:Law (colour also worn by high magistrates) 978:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 7979: 7965: 7358: 7344: 7012:Academic Dress of the University of Oxford 6766: 5677: 4878:"Die beiden Marburger Universitätsszepter" 4451:Academic dress of the University of Dublin 4426:Academic dress of the University of Oxford 4411:Academic dress of the University of London 4371:Academic dress of the University of Exeter 4180: 3719:Academic dress of the University of Dublin 833:, panama wool (worsted), superfine cloth, 523: 509: 7187:Wolgast, Stephen L. (ed.) et al. (2014), 7180:Wolgast, Stephen L. (ed.) et al. (2013), 7173:Wolgast, Stephen L. (ed.) et al. (2012), 6566: 5084:(in German). TU Chemnitz. 25 April 2015. 4958:(in German). Tagesspiegel. 29 June 2003. 4498:Academic dress of University of Melbourne 4436:Academic dress of the University of Wales 4401:Academic dress of the University of Leeds 4386:Academic dress of Imperial College London 4085:). However, in the case of the degree of 3388:is awarded together with the hat. In the 3372:In both countries many universities have 2857:Learn how and when to remove this message 2007:Learn how and when to remove this message 1525:Learn how and when to remove this message 1168:Arts, literature, philosophy, humanities 998:Learn how and when to remove this message 9071: 7326:Academic Costume Code and Ceremony Guide 7297:Academic Dress and Insignia of the World 7234:, 15th Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Inc. 7026:Academical Dress in New Zealand: A Study 6866: 6586: 5110:(in German). RWTH Aachen. Archived from 4391:Academic dress of the University of Kent 3985: 3968: 3960: 3937: 3738: 3726: 3682: 3631: 3313: 3301: 2961: 2953: 2868: 2770: 2756: 2679: 1622: 1536: 1397: 1236: 1009: 873: 861: 630: 607:, and usually a cap (generally either a 534: 31: 7621:Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 7005:A History of Academical Dress in Europe 6989:Groves, Nicholas; Kersey, John (2002), 6965:. Chichlester: Philmore & Co. Ltd. 6897:. Pust.it. 15 June 2011. Archived from 6367: 6249:. Royal Thai Government. Archived from 6213:. Royal Thai Government. Archived from 6149:. Royal Thai Government. Archived from 6113:. Royal Thai Government. Archived from 6019:. Royal Thai Government. Archived from 5032:(in German). University of Heidelberg. 4396:Academic dress of King's College London 4061:incorporated into many academic hoods ( 3924:grant academic dress to their members. 3862:(mostly at Scottish universities), the 1110:, specifically the Royal Purple shade) 626: 540:Academic dress of King's College London 14: 10041: 9842: 6948:. London: University of London Press. 6895:"Ring, Biretta and Gown for Graduates" 6399:from the original on 12 September 2009 6078:Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University 5663:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5545:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5505:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5465:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5404:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5242: 5166:from the original on 21 September 2016 5140:from the original on 17 September 2016 5088:from the original on 18 September 2016 5036:from the original on 17 September 2016 4962:from the original on 19 September 2016 4936:from the original on 19 September 2016 4884:from the original on 18 September 2016 4461:Lambeth degree academic dress protocol 3548:Rajamangala universities of technology 3494:Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University 1186:The dress exists in two versions: the 7960: 7339: 7152:Powell, Michael (ed.) et al. (2003), 7145:Powell, Michael (ed.) et al. (2002), 6813:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6801:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6784:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6772:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6756:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6735:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6720:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6708:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6595:Sullivan. The Academic Costume Code, 6317:(6 May 2007) Classification of Styles 5285:from the original on 9 September 2022 5255:from the original on 9 September 2022 5196:from the original on 9 September 2022 4956:"Schöner feiern mit Kette und Talar?" 4821: 4819: 4493:Academic dress of Stanford University 4483:Academic dress of Columbia University 4473:Academic dress of La Trobe University 3520:Mahachulalongkorn Buddhist University 3310:(photograph taken on top of a mirror) 3297: 2548:University of the Philippines Diliman 1134:Medicine (and health-related fields) 6834: 6084:from the original on 9 December 2022 5932:from the original on 9 December 2022 5719:from the original on 19 October 2013 5686:from the original on 22 October 2015 5619:from the original on 19 October 2013 5593:from the original on 19 October 2013 5567:from the original on 19 October 2013 5136:(in German). University of Marburg. 4880:(in German). University of Marburg. 4833:from the original on 11 October 2016 4804:from the original on 10 October 2016 4488:Academic dress of Harvard University 4230:There is no equivalent canon in the 4203: 4162:represent the field of philosophy." 3776:The modern gown is derived from the 3743:The Bishop Andrewes cap as used for 3713:Academic dress in the United Kingdom 3644: 3413: 2968:Miguel Hernández University of Elche 2835:adding citations to reliable sources 2802: 2717: 2625: 2520:University of the Philippines System 2071:must wear academic dress to dinner. 1985:adding citations to reliable sources 1952: 1892: 1507:adding citations to reliable sources 1478: 1455:Indian universities today prescribe 976:adding citations to reliable sources 943: 623:and institutions as official dress. 9987:Global trade of secondhand clothing 6946:University of London Academic Dress 6875:from the original on 13 August 2011 5984:"Tiedostot | Viralliset asiat" 5739:"Toga e tocco per i nuovi laureati" 5315:from the original on 26 August 2017 4910:from the original on 27 August 2008 4361:Academic dress of Durham University 4339:Academic dress of McGill University 4260:. The 'traditional' biretta at the 3934:Academic dress in the United States 3578:examples of this deviation include 2550:. Other UP campuses followed suit. 2481:, hood and gown during graduation. 1422:United Kingdom robe and gown system 1014:Doctors of various faculties, Paris 929:academic dress of McGill University 24: 7365: 7306:. London: Thomas Pratt & Sons. 7232:American Universities and Colleges 7224: 7209:American Universities and Colleges 7003:Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W.N. (1963), 6941:. London: F. E. Robinson & Co. 4816: 4785:Transactions of the Burgon Society 4770:Hargreaves-Mawdsley, W.N. (1963). 4739:from the original on 15 March 2023 3596:Suranaree University of Technology 3333:as a symbol of office, if anyone. 2940:A ring is usually worn by doctors. 1292:and, at some occasions, carries a 1022:, academic dress, also called the 25: 10060: 7310: 6979:, 3rd ed. London: Burgon Society. 6354:"Meeting of the Burgon Society." 6288:from the original on 18 July 2021 6184:from the original on 14 July 2021 5906:from the original on 4 March 2012 5082:"Sie können stolz auf sich sein!" 5062:from the original on 18 July 2009 4599:. Phildress.co.uk. Archived from 3308:Helsinki University of Technology 2569:graduates preparing for the march 1368:Chemnitz University of Technology 1273:are, e.g., completely dark red). 1151:Science (exact and experimental) 10023: 7941: 7940: 7551: 7295:Smith, H.H., Sheard, K. (1970), 7131:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2012), 7117:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2009), 7103:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2008), 7089:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2008), 7075:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2006), 7061:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2005), 7054:Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2004), 6887: 6860: 6828: 6819: 6683:from the original on 10 May 2010 5880:from the original on 8 June 2013 5854:from the original on 8 June 2013 5243:Sharma, Kritika (26 June 2019). 4165:A number of other items such as 3927: 3788:, and were required to wear the 3648: 3417: 2807: 2721: 2666: 2629: 2589: 2574: 2559: 1957: 1896: 1483: 948: 870:'s principal and chief executive 829:Doctor's robes usually use wool 492: 480: 473: 454: 447: 284: 273: 257: 224: 213: 197: 191: 180: 144: 133: 122: 104: 93: 7244:Belting, Natalia Maree (1956), 6916: 6669: 6653: 6643: 6617: 6560: 6530: 6521: 6512: 6500: 6491: 6479: 6467: 6437: 6421:. Srcf.ucam.org. Archived from 6411: 6385: 6376: 6348: 6339: 6320: 6300: 6268: 6232: 6196: 6160: 6132: 6096: 6066: 6030: 6002: 5976: 5963: 5944: 5918: 5892: 5866: 5805: 5795:"..:::: Unisinforma ::::." 5787: 5761: 5749:from the original on 4 May 2015 5743:www.viasarfatti25.unibocconi.it 5731: 5671: 5631: 5605: 5579: 5553: 5513: 5473: 5412: 5372: 5353: 5327: 5297: 5267: 5236: 5208: 5178: 5152: 5126: 5100: 5074: 5048: 5022: 5000: 4974: 4948: 4922: 4896: 4870: 4845: 4790: 4777: 4764: 4751: 4725: 4715: 4702: 4693: 4456:Undergraduate gowns in Scotland 2987:) or a sash over the shoulder ( 2789: 1494:needs additional citations for 1296:. The cap that accompanies the 1038:. For doctors, it consists of: 7154:The Burgon Society Annual 2002 7147:The Burgon Society Annual 2001 7063:The Burgon Society Annual 2004 7056:The Burgon Society Annual 2003 6774:Additional Guidance on Costume 6567:Daugherty, Greg (5 May 2023). 6308:The Design of Academical Dress 5971:Uusi käytöksen kultainen kirja 5680:"Archivio Corriere della Sera" 4666: 4654: 4642: 4615: 4589: 4563: 4544: 4518: 4509: 3773:recent research is presented. 3731:An alternative coloured gown, 2775:Academic dress for Masters in 2472: 2049: 1948: 1349:University of Halle-Wittenberg 779:(i.e. ribbed or corded silk), 13: 1: 7247:The History of Caps and Gowns 6650:Seen." Sunday, 26 April 1896. 6627:. Sewanee.edu. Archived from 6395:. Shepherdandwoodward.co.uk. 6175:Mahamakut Buddhist University 4503: 4021:American Council on Education 3606:Prince of Songkhla University 3530:Mahamakut Buddhist University 2486:Colegio de San Juan de Letran 1420:Indian universities followed 913:University of Trinity College 852: 7986: 7388:Groves classification system 7317:"Academic Dress" mini portal 6327:Burgon Society: Introduction 4906:. Spiegel.de. 13 July 2005. 4626:. Shef.ac.uk. Archived from 4324:The Central Institute London 4319:Groves classification system 3763:Groves Classification Number 3755:Groves classification system 3279: 2713: 1943:Universiti Malaysia Kelantan 1474: 1446:University Grants Commission 715: 7: 7273:Rashdall, H. (1895, 1936), 6993:. Norfolk: Burgon Society. 6786:Some Permissible Exceptions 4277: 3456: 2966:Academic procession at the 2675: 2490:Ateneo de Manila University 1888: 1388:Goethe University Frankfurt 1144:, a reddish shade of pink) 10: 10065: 9997:List of individual dresses 7583:Norman Hargreaves-Mawdsley 7299:. Cape Town: A.A. Balkema. 7277:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7007:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6867:papabear (26 April 2008). 5986:. Limes.fi. Archived from 4774:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4573:. Facs.org. Archived from 4345:United Kingdom and Ireland 3931: 3841:(or simply trencher). The 3716: 3710: 3707:United Kingdom and Ireland 3616: 2761:Academic dress for PhD in 1304:. As is the case with the 1232: 1190:("small costume") and the 365:Supplementary alternatives 10020: 9903: 9833: 9705: 9662: 9604: 9526: 9478: 9278: 9197: 9067: 9052: 9012: 8944: 8918: 8904: 8831: 8781: 8694: 8680: 8517: 8367: 8228: 8131: 8029: 7994: 7936: 7900: 7870: 7842: 7800: 7712: 7703: 7687: 7671: 7650: 7634: 7608: 7601: 7560: 7549: 7519: 7493: 7452: 7396: 7380: 7373: 6986:. London: Burgon Society. 6975:Groves, Nicholas (2011), 5224:. 14 July 2013. p. 2 5216:"Cracking the Dress Code" 4829:. University of Marburg. 4733:"Academic Gowns, Lockers" 4681:http://www.gownhire.co.uk 4557:23 September 2015 at the 4232:current Code of Canon Law 4140:and remains on the left. 3640: 3560:modified American pattern 3409: 3350:matriculation examination 2621: 2505:University of Santo Tomas 2035:headed by the university 1939:Universiti Utara Malaysia 1935:Universiti Teknologi MARA 1243:Free University of Berlin 1213:In formal occasions, the 939: 857: 552:is a traditional form of 6838: 6509:vol. 5 (2006); pp. 80–89 6313:23 February 2009 at the 6045:Mae Fah Luang University 6017:Chulalongkorn University 4827:"Amtstracht des Rektors" 4798:"Man trägt wieder Talar" 4686:19 November 2007 at the 4622:n.wood@sheffield.ac.uk. 4207: 3627:University of Ez-Zitouna 3562:, with the exception at 3524:Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 3484:Mae Fah Luang University 3470:Chulalongkorn University 2880:University of Valladolid 2798: 2686:Fernando Bissaya Barreto 2616:over the Dominican habit 2069:University of Canterbury 1692:student protests of 1968 1618: 1426:Banaras Hindu University 1410:Banaras Hindu University 1393: 1357:University of Heidelberg 1341:University of Greifswald 459:= Evening (after 6 p.m.) 44:, in full academic dress 7214:Smagorinsky, Margaret. 7201:Sullivan, Eugene (ed.) 6679:. Rhymeuniversity.com. 6361:17 October 2013 at the 5365:19 October 2013 at the 4708:Ede & Ravenscroft: 4241:Academic dress for the 4195:commencement ceremonies 4187:pontifical universities 4181:Pontifical universities 4124:Inter-Collegiate colors 4082:Inter-Collegiate colors 4019:Princeton. In 1932 the 3745:University of Cambridge 3580:Ramkhamhaeng University 2926:An octagonal, tasseled 2691:Portugal dos Pequenitos 2503:Some schools, like the 2165:Business Administration 2056:University of Cambridge 1403:Prime Minister of India 1321:German student movement 899:consist of a headgear ( 644:Commonwealth of Nations 10002:Reconstructed clothing 6937:Fowler, J. T. (1904), 6847: 6527:Shaw (1966); pp. 94–95 5969:Sirkka Lassila, 1990. 5902:. Alumni.otago.ac.nz. 5030:"Akademische Kleidung" 4299:Chinese academic dress 4217: 4146:Academic Costume Code. 3991: 3975: 3966: 3958: 3759:Hood and Gown Patterns 3750: 3736: 3703: 3637: 3404:University of Helsinki 3380:and must be worn with 3369:at many universities. 3322: 3311: 2970: 2959: 2886: 2780: 2766: 2699: 2494:Far Eastern University 1684:University of Florence 1647: 1606:Padjadjaran University 1542: 1463:for male students and 1417: 1325:beneath the gowns the 1245: 1241:Academic robes of the 1015: 887: 871: 639: 546: 45: 7755:Liverpool John Moores 7288:, Boyd, H.A. (1972), 7010:Venables, J. (2009), 6944:Goff, Philip (1999), 6074:"University Calendar" 5281:. 19 September 2019. 5108:"Hüte & Schärpen" 4759:Burgon Society Annual 4674:Ede & Ravenscroft 4552:Burgon Society: Robes 4304:Ede & Ravenscroft 4191:old Code of Canon Law 4009:President of Columbia 3989: 3972: 3964: 3941: 3742: 3730: 3711:Further information: 3686: 3635: 3544:Rajabhat Universities 3451:graduation ceremonies 3317: 3305: 2965: 2957: 2872: 2774: 2760: 2708:University of Algarve 2683: 2584:graduation ceremonies 1664:University of Bologna 1641:President of Republic 1626: 1540: 1401: 1384:University of Marburg 1337:University of Rostock 1240: 1178:, a shade of yellow) 1013: 877: 865: 660:medieval universities 634: 538: 452:= Day (before 6 p.m.) 265:Service dress uniform 35: 9943:Environmental impact 6662:Columbia Alumni News 6449:www.st-andrews.ac.uk 6373:Shaw (1995); pp. 4–7 6306:The Burgon Society: 6247:Kasetsart University 6211:Thammasat University 6111:Khon Kaen University 5990:on 14 September 2012 5114:on 21 September 2016 4988:on 17 September 2016 4256:is to be worn. See: 4159:Doctor of Philosophy 4087:Doctor of Philosophy 3922:Institute of Physics 3918:Institute of Biology 3816:consists of a cape, 3611:Silpakorn University 3592:University of Phayao 3568:Kasetsart University 3564:Thammasat University 3504:Khon Kaen University 3286:University of Ceylon 2943:A staff or scepter ( 2831:improve this section 1981:improve this section 1818:Medicine and Surgery 1696:humanities faculties 1503:improve this article 1271:German Supreme Court 1089:Field of graduation 972:improve this section 878:McGill University's 636:Erasmus of Rotterdam 627:Overview and history 593:ancient universities 344:Sportswear (fashion) 302:(anything not above) 42:University of Oxford 38:doctor of philosophy 10030:Clothing portal 7829:Undergraduate gowns 7434:Square academic cap 7404:Bishop Andrewes cap 7332:by Eugene Sullivan. 7302:Wood, T.W. (1882), 7292:. Lewes: WE Baxter. 7263:. Lewes: WE Baxter. 6869:"The New Beginning" 6815:Wearing the Costume 6597:Historical Overview 6507:Burgon Transactions 6332:22 May 2013 at the 6147:Naresuan University 5957:5 July 2022 at the 5801:on 19 October 2013. 5426:on 18 October 2013. 5309:gallery.unpad.ac.id 5221:The Hindustan Times 4690:(21 September 2007) 4532:on 14 November 2015 4284:Academic procession 4185:Academic dress for 4016:Columbia University 3947:Doctor of Education 3903:Doctors of Divinity 3868:Doctors of Divinity 3864:Bishop Andrewes cap 3733:The Open University 3600:Walailak University 3510:Naresuan University 3144:Veterinary Medicine 2897:A black long gown ( 2498:San Beda University 1832:Veterinary medicine 1680:University of Siena 1672:University of Padua 1668:University of Pavia 1380:square academic cap 866:Ceremonial robe of 609:square academic cap 61:Western dress codes 7908:The Burgon Society 7321:The New York Times 6474:Burgon Annual 2003 6455:on 18 January 2015 5876:. Auckland.ac.nz. 5850:. Auckland.ac.nz. 5823:on 18 October 2013 5775:on 22 October 2013 5645:on 19 October 2013 5527:on 19 October 2013 5487:on 19 October 2013 5447:on 19 October 2013 5386:on 19 October 2013 5341:on 19 October 2013 5279:The Indian Express 5190:The Indian Express 4091:Doctor of Theology 4001:American Civil War 3992: 3976: 3967: 3959: 3909:of Great Britain. 3794:bachelor's degrees 3751: 3737: 3704: 3660:. You can help by 3638: 3588:Mahidol University 3584:Burapha University 3429:. You can help by 3400:University of Lund 3323: 3320:University of Oulu 3312: 3298:Sweden and Finland 3228:Dark ("Turk") blue 3094:Political Sciences 2971: 2960: 2887: 2781: 2767: 2733:. You can help by 2700: 2641:. You can help by 2522:is the use of the 2393:Physical Education 1908:. You can help by 1688:University of Rome 1676:University of Pisa 1648: 1543: 1418: 1364:University of Bonn 1345:University of Jena 1246: 1016: 888: 872: 640: 603:) with a separate 547: 499:Fashion portal 399:Religious clothing 248:, "dress clothes") 205:Mess dress uniform 112:Full dress uniform 64:and corresponding 46: 10036: 10035: 10007:Right to clothing 9931:Halloween costume 9899: 9898: 9874:black lounge suit 9474: 9473: 9274: 9273: 9048: 9047: 8827: 8826: 7954: 7953: 7896: 7895: 7838: 7837: 7713:England and Wales 7593:Vivienne Westwood 7547: 7546: 7270:. Cheshunt Press. 7169:978-0-9561272-4-2 7141:978-0-9561272-6-6 7127:978-0-9561272-1-1 7113:978-0-9544110-5-3 7042:978-3-639-29927-4 6857: 6856: 6548:on 27 August 2017 6497:Shaw (1995); p. 8 6476:(2004); pp. 18–23 6336:(2 November 2008) 6120:on 6 October 2017 4597:"Goff, pp. 13–14" 4515:Shaw (1995), p. 3 4228: 4227: 3996:Colonial Colleges 3688:Herman Braun-Vega 3678: 3677: 3447: 3446: 3395:Wild Strawberries 3277: 3276: 3224:, Exact Sciences 3208:Learning Sciences 2867: 2866: 2859: 2785: 2784: 2751: 2750: 2659: 2658: 2470: 2469: 2090:students wearing 2017: 2016: 2009: 1926: 1925: 1886: 1885: 1790:Political science 1535: 1534: 1527: 1276:The professorial 1225:is equivalent to 1217:is equivalent to 1184: 1183: 1008: 1007: 1000: 933:McGill University 868:McGill University 683:clerical clothing 621:learned societies 599:(also known as a 570:university degree 560:settings, mainly 544:Vivienne Westwood 533: 532: 489: 188:Black lounge suit 16:(Redirected from 10056: 10028: 10027: 10012:Vintage clothing 9840: 9839: 9785:Pocket protector 9069: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9025:Bodysuit, infant 8916: 8915: 8697:formal, informal 8692: 8691: 8532:Ceremonial dress 7981: 7974: 7967: 7958: 7957: 7944: 7943: 7913:Academic scarves 7710: 7709: 7606: 7605: 7578:Charles Franklyn 7555: 7378: 7377: 7360: 7353: 7346: 7337: 7336: 7282:Franklyn, C.A.H. 7280:Rogers, F.R.S., 7257:Franklyn, C.A.H. 7252:Internet Archive 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6864: 6858: 6835: 6832: 6826: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6799: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6754: 6743: 6733: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6693: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6657: 6651: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6621: 6615: 6608: 6599: 6593: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6544:. Archived from 6534: 6528: 6525: 6519: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6495: 6489: 6483: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6451:. Archived from 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6352: 6346: 6343: 6337: 6324: 6318: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6287: 6280: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6255: 6244: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6219: 6208: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6183: 6172: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6156:on 4 March 2016. 6155: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6119: 6108: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6053: 6042: 6034: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6014: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5980: 5974: 5967: 5961: 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5844: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5819:. Archived from 5809: 5803: 5802: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5771:. Archived from 5765: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5705: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5662: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5641:. Archived from 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5544: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5523:. Archived from 5517: 5511: 5510: 5504: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5483:. Archived from 5477: 5471: 5470: 5464: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5443:. Archived from 5437: 5428: 5427: 5422:. Archived from 5416: 5410: 5409: 5403: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5382:. Archived from 5376: 5370: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5337:. Archived from 5335:"inaugurazione1" 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5192:. 30 June 2013. 5182: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4857: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4794: 4788: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4762: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4729: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4691: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4567: 4561: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4528:. Archived from 4522: 4516: 4513: 4204: 4199:doctoral biretta 4155:Bachelor of Arts 4137:honour societies 4073:school's colours 3798:master's degrees 3796:(BA and BS) and 3696:Süleyman Demirel 3673: 3670: 3652: 3645: 3442: 3439: 3421: 3414: 3222:Natural Sciences 2997: 2996: 2983:and a mozzetta ( 2862: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2811: 2803: 2779:with description 2765:with description 2753: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2725: 2718: 2670: 2654: 2651: 2633: 2626: 2610:academic biretta 2593: 2578: 2563: 2509:academic biretta 2108: 2107: 2012: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1961: 1953: 1921: 1918: 1900: 1893: 1701: 1700: 1646:, 13 April 1955. 1530: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1510: 1487: 1479: 1424:until 2013 when 1086: 1085: 1003: 996: 992: 989: 983: 952: 944: 582:academic regalia 574:academical dress 525: 518: 511: 497: 496: 495: 486: 484: 477: 466: 463: 458: 451: 442: 371:Ceremonial dress 288: 277: 261: 228: 217: 201: 195: 184: 175: 148: 137: 126: 108: 97: 88: 48: 47: 21: 10064: 10063: 10059: 10058: 10057: 10055: 10054: 10053: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10032: 10022: 10016: 9958:made-to-measure 9911:Clothing fetish 9895: 9829: 9701: 9658: 9600: 9576:Square leg suit 9522: 9498:Blanket sleeper 9470: 9461:Sleeved blanket 9270: 9193: 9058: 9056: 9044: 9020:Bodysuit, adult 9008: 8940: 8908: 8900: 8823: 8777: 8696: 8684: 8676: 8522: 8513: 8363: 8224: 8127: 8025: 8024: 7990: 7985: 7955: 7950: 7932: 7892: 7871:Other countries 7866: 7834: 7796: 7699: 7683: 7667: 7646: 7630: 7597: 7556: 7543: 7515: 7489: 7448: 7392: 7369: 7364: 7313: 7227: 7225:Further reading 6959:Shaw, George W. 6919: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6901:on 28 July 2013 6893: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6876: 6865: 6861: 6853: 6844: 6833: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6800: 6791: 6783: 6779: 6771: 6767: 6755: 6746: 6734: 6727: 6719: 6715: 6707: 6696: 6686: 6684: 6675: 6674: 6670: 6659: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6644: 6634: 6632: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6609: 6602: 6594: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6526: 6522: 6517: 6513: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6485:Groves (2008), 6484: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6425:on 5 March 2009 6417: 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6363:Wayback Machine 6353: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6334:Wayback Machine 6325: 6321: 6315:Wayback Machine 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6259: 6257: 6256:on 13 July 2021 6253: 6242: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6220:on 13 July 2021 6217: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6170: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6153: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6087: 6085: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6054:on 4 March 2016 6051: 6040: 6036: 6035: 6031: 6023: 6012: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5968: 5964: 5959:Wayback Machine 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5857: 5855: 5846: 5845: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5752: 5750: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5707: 5706: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5678:QuestIT s.r.l. 5676: 5672: 5656: 5655: 5648: 5646: 5639:"Archived copy" 5637: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5570: 5568: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5521:"Archived copy" 5519: 5518: 5514: 5498: 5497: 5490: 5488: 5481:"Archived copy" 5479: 5478: 5474: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5448: 5441:"Archived copy" 5439: 5438: 5431: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5397: 5396: 5389: 5387: 5380:"Archived copy" 5378: 5377: 5373: 5367:Wayback Machine 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5286: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4989: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4782: 4778: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4716: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4694: 4688:Wayback Machine 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4633: 4631: 4630:on 5 April 2010 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4559:Wayback Machine 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4280: 4224: 4214: 4183: 3936: 3930: 3907:Lord Chancellor 3883:Vice-Chancellor 3780:worn under the 3725: 3715: 3709: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3658:needs expansion 3643: 3619: 3459: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3427:needs expansion 3412: 3367:student overall 3342:ylioppilaslakki 3300: 3282: 3000:Academic field 2863: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2828: 2812: 2801: 2792: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2731:needs expansion 2716: 2678: 2671: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2639:needs expansion 2624: 2617: 2594: 2585: 2579: 2570: 2564: 2475: 2458:Kingfisher Blue 2353:Performing Arts 2084:kakahu huruhuru 2052: 2013: 2002: 1996: 1993: 1978: 1962: 1951: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1906:needs expansion 1891: 1846:Natural science 1637:Plinio Fraccaro 1627:The Magnificus 1621: 1553:pentagon-shaped 1531: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1500: 1488: 1477: 1450:Indian handloom 1396: 1290:chain of office 1235: 1026:(from the word 1004: 993: 987: 984: 969: 953: 942: 860: 855: 818:. In the past, 769:artificial silk 718: 629: 564:(and sometimes 529: 493: 491: 490: 488: 479: 472: 464: 461: 460: 453: 446: 437: 436: 366: 358: 357: 308:Business casual 303: 292: 291: 249: 234: 233: 173: 169: 154: 153: 86: 82: 63: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10062: 10052: 10051: 10049:Academic dress 10034: 10033: 10021: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9978: 9977: 9967: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9945: 9940: 9938:Cross-dressing 9935: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9918: 9913: 9907: 9905: 9901: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9859: 9848: 9846: 9837: 9831: 9830: 9828: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9711: 9709: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9668: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9610: 9608: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9532: 9530: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9484: 9482: 9476: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9282: 9280: 9276: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9251: 9250: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9224: 9219: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9077: 9075: 9062: 9050: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9030:Long underwear 9027: 9022: 9016: 9014: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9006: 9005: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8957:Training pants 8954: 8948: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8922: 8920: 8913: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8837: 8835: 8829: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8785: 8783: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8738: 8728: 8727: 8726: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8700: 8698: 8689: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8581: 8576: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8528: 8526: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8373: 8371: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8361: 8356: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8234: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8148: 8143: 8137: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7992: 7991: 7984: 7983: 7976: 7969: 7961: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7848: 7846: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7716: 7714: 7707: 7705:United Kingdom 7701: 7700: 7698: 7697: 7691: 7689: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7654: 7652: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7638: 7636: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7541: 7534: 7529: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7456: 7454: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7414:Canterbury cap 7411: 7406: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7384: 7382: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7367:Academic dress 7363: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7340: 7334: 7333: 7323: 7312: 7311:External links 7309: 7308: 7307: 7300: 7293: 7278: 7271: 7264: 7254: 7242: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7212: 7193: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7171: 7157: 7150: 7143: 7129: 7115: 7101: 7087: 7073: 7059: 7046: 7045: 7022: 7008: 7001: 6987: 6980: 6973: 6961:(1966, 1995), 6956: 6942: 6935: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6912: 6886: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6845: 6827: 6818: 6806: 6789: 6777: 6765: 6744: 6725: 6713: 6694: 6668: 6652: 6642: 6631:on 29 May 2010 6616: 6600: 6585: 6559: 6542:Burgon Society 6529: 6520: 6518:Goff; pp.22–23 6511: 6499: 6490: 6478: 6466: 6436: 6410: 6384: 6375: 6366: 6347: 6338: 6319: 6299: 6267: 6231: 6195: 6159: 6131: 6095: 6065: 6029: 6026:on 2 May 2015. 6001: 5975: 5962: 5943: 5917: 5891: 5865: 5834: 5804: 5797:Archived from 5786: 5760: 5730: 5697: 5670: 5630: 5604: 5578: 5552: 5512: 5472: 5429: 5411: 5371: 5352: 5326: 5296: 5266: 5235: 5207: 5177: 5151: 5125: 5099: 5073: 5047: 5021: 4999: 4973: 4947: 4921: 4895: 4869: 4844: 4815: 4789: 4776: 4763: 4750: 4724: 4714: 4701: 4692: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4614: 4603:on 15 May 2011 4588: 4577:on 19 May 2011 4562: 4543: 4517: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4342: 4341: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4294:Burgon Society 4291: 4289:Academic stole 4286: 4279: 4276: 4226: 4225: 4215: 4182: 4179: 3981:academic stole 3932:Main article: 3929: 3926: 3870:DD's) and the 3770:Burgon Society 3708: 3705: 3698:University in 3694:degree at the 3690:receiving his 3676: 3675: 3655: 3653: 3642: 3639: 3636:Tunisian Jebba 3618: 3615: 3552: 3551: 3540: 3537: 3527: 3517: 3507: 3501: 3491: 3458: 3455: 3445: 3444: 3424: 3422: 3411: 3408: 3390:Ingmar Bergman 3299: 3296: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3225: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3196: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3160: 3158:Sport Sciences 3154: 3153: 3151: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3132: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3100: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3074: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2924: 2913: 2902: 2865: 2864: 2815: 2813: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2768: 2749: 2748: 2728: 2726: 2715: 2712: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2636: 2634: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2558: 2544:barong tagalog 2496:, and Red for 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2464:, Violet Grey 2455: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2270:Human Biology 2267: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2098:and elaborate 2051: 2048: 2015: 2014: 1965: 1963: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1924: 1923: 1903: 1901: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1599: 1593: 1572:academic stole 1533: 1532: 1491: 1489: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1395: 1392: 1374:(only cap and 1234: 1231: 1221:, whereas the 1211: 1210: 1203: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1152: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1095:Colour aspect 1093: 1090: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1058: 1055: 1048: 1006: 1005: 956: 954: 947: 941: 938: 859: 856: 854: 851: 717: 714: 695:national dress 628: 625: 550:Academic dress 531: 530: 528: 527: 520: 513: 505: 502: 501: 444: 439: 438: 435: 434: 433: 432: 426: 418: 413: 412: 411: 396: 395: 394: 388: 383: 378: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 356: 355: 350: 337: 332: 327: 322: 320:Combat uniform 317: 316: 315: 304: 298: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 278: 270:Cocktail dress 267: 262: 250: 240: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 230: 229: 221:Cocktail dress 207: 202: 185: 170: 160: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 150: 149: 127: 114: 109: 98: 83: 73: 72: 69: 68: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10061: 10050: 10047: 10046: 10044: 10031: 10026: 10019: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9964: 9963:ready-to-wear 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9953:haute couture 9951: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9926:creature suit 9924: 9923: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9916:Clothing swap 9914: 9912: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9902: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9857:morning dress 9855: 9854: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9832: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9710: 9708: 9704: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9661: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9525: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9477: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9445: 9444:dressing gown 9442: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9326: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9310: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9277: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9255: 9252: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9055: 9051: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8972:Plastic pants 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8921: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8758:Princess line 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8709:Bouffant gown 8707: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8695:Formal, semi- 8693: 8690: 8688: 8683: 8679: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8520: 8516: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8447:Pedal pushers 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8357: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8236: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8064: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7982: 7977: 7975: 7970: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7959: 7947: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7899: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7869: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7845: 7844:United States 7841: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7818:Robert Gordon 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7695:Chulalongkorn 7693: 7692: 7690: 7686: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7607: 7604: 7600: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7554: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7533: 7532:Doctoral ring 7530: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520:Miscellaneous 7518: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7395: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7361: 7356: 7354: 7349: 7347: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7276: 7272: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7241: 7240:0-275-98745-0 7237: 7233: 7229: 7228: 7219: 7218: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7190: 7186: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7100: 7099:0-9544110-8-0 7096: 7092: 7088: 7086: 7085:0-9544110-7-2 7082: 7078: 7074: 7072: 7071:0-9544110-6-4 7068: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7050: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7021: 7020:0-9521630-0-4 7017: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7002: 7000: 6999:0-9544110-0-5 6996: 6992: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6971:0-85033-974-X 6968: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6954:0-7187-1608-6 6951: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6900: 6896: 6890: 6874: 6870: 6863: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6822: 6816: 6810: 6804: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6742: 6738: 6732: 6730: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6682: 6678: 6672: 6664: 6663: 6656: 6646: 6630: 6626: 6620: 6613: 6610:Smagorinsky. 6607: 6605: 6598: 6592: 6590: 6574: 6570: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6524: 6515: 6508: 6503: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6475: 6470: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6379: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6342: 6335: 6331: 6328: 6323: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6303: 6284: 6277: 6271: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6235: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6199: 6180: 6176: 6169: 6163: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6135: 6116: 6112: 6105: 6099: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6033: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5853: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5734: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5704: 5702: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5666: 5660: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5592: 5588: 5582: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5548: 5542: 5526: 5522: 5516: 5508: 5502: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5468: 5462: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5434: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5407: 5401: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5356: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5061: 5057: 5051: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5009: 5003: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4854: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4718: 4711: 4705: 4696: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4629: 4625: 4618: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4512: 4508: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4239: 4235: 4233: 4223: 4222: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4029: 4024: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3988: 3984: 3982: 3971: 3963: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3928:United States 3925: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3860:John Knox cap 3857: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692:Honoris Causa 3689: 3685: 3681: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3656:This section 3654: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3634: 3630: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534:Nakhon Pathom 3531: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3454: 3452: 3441: 3432: 3428: 3425:This section 3423: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3386:doctoral ring 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374:doctoral hats 3370: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3358:teknologmössa 3356:(Finnish) or 3355: 3354:teekkarilakki 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2976:honoris causa 2969: 2964: 2956: 2949: 2946: 2942: 2939: 2937:White gloves. 2936: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2876: 2875:Honoris causa 2871: 2861: 2858: 2850: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2816:This section 2814: 2810: 2805: 2804: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2732: 2729:This section 2727: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2711: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2640: 2637:This section 2635: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2022: 2011: 2008: 2000: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1966:This section 1964: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1920: 1911: 1907: 1904:This section 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1660:academic caps 1657: 1653: 1645: 1644:Luigi Einaudi 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1539: 1529: 1526: 1518: 1515:November 2017 1508: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1492:This section 1490: 1486: 1481: 1480: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406:Narendra Modi 1404: 1400: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329:of 1000 years 1328: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1262:to the ankles 1259: 1254: 1252: 1244: 1239: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1223:petit costume 1220: 1216: 1215:grand costume 1208: 1207:grand costume 1204: 1201: 1200:petit costume 1197: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1192:grand costume 1189: 1188:petit costume 1180: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1037: 1036: 1035:honoris causa 1031: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1012: 1002: 999: 991: 981: 977: 973: 967: 966: 962: 957:This section 955: 951: 946: 945: 937: 934: 930: 925: 921: 916: 914: 910: 909:John Knox cap 906: 902: 897: 893: 885: 881: 876: 869: 864: 850: 846: 842: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 824:animal rights 821: 817: 813: 809: 806:In the past, 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 722: 713: 711: 706: 702: 701: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 673:with a white 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648:United States 645: 637: 633: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 545: 541: 537: 526: 521: 519: 514: 512: 507: 506: 504: 503: 500: 487: 483: 476: 470: 457: 450: 441: 440: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 420:Distinctions 419: 417: 414: 409: 405: 402: 401: 400: 397: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 368: 362: 361: 354: 351: 349: 345: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 314: 313:Casual Friday 311: 310: 309: 306: 305: 301: 296: 295: 287: 282: 279: 276: 271: 268: 266: 263: 260: 255: 252: 251: 247: 243: 238: 237: 227: 222: 219: 218: 216: 211: 208: 206: 203: 200: 194: 189: 186: 183: 178: 172: 171: 167: 163: 158: 157: 147: 142: 139: 138: 136: 131: 128: 125: 120: 119: 115: 113: 110: 107: 102: 101:Morning dress 99: 96: 91: 85: 84: 80: 76: 71: 70: 67: 62: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 9970:Fur clothing 9790:Pocket watch 9111:British Warm 9086:Chesterfield 8997:boxer shorts 8992:boxer briefs 8724:little black 8536: 8377:Bell-bottoms 8347:sweater vest 7827: 7568:Cecil Beaton 7536: 7444:Tudor bonnet 7424:Doctoral hat 7366: 7329: 7320: 7303: 7296: 7289: 7274: 7267: 7260: 7246: 7231: 7215: 7208: 7203: 7195: 7194: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7160: 7153: 7146: 7132: 7118: 7104: 7090: 7076: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7047: 7025: 7011: 7004: 6990: 6983: 6976: 6962: 6945: 6938: 6921: 6920: 6917:Bibliography 6903:. Retrieved 6899:the original 6889: 6877:. Retrieved 6862: 6850: 6848: 6841: 6839: 6830: 6821: 6814: 6809: 6802: 6785: 6780: 6773: 6768: 6761: 6757: 6740: 6736: 6721: 6716: 6709: 6685:. Retrieved 6671: 6661: 6655: 6645: 6633:. Retrieved 6629:the original 6619: 6611: 6596: 6576:. Retrieved 6572: 6562: 6550:. Retrieved 6546:the original 6532: 6523: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6493: 6486: 6481: 6473: 6469: 6457:. Retrieved 6453:the original 6448: 6439: 6427:. Retrieved 6423:the original 6413: 6401:. Retrieved 6387: 6378: 6369: 6350: 6341: 6322: 6302: 6290:. Retrieved 6270: 6258:. Retrieved 6251:the original 6246: 6234: 6222:. Retrieved 6215:the original 6210: 6198: 6186:. Retrieved 6174: 6162: 6151:the original 6146: 6134: 6122:. Retrieved 6115:the original 6110: 6098: 6086:. Retrieved 6077: 6068: 6056:. Retrieved 6049:the original 6044: 6032: 6021:the original 6016: 6004: 5992:. Retrieved 5988:the original 5978: 5970: 5965: 5946: 5934:. Retrieved 5920: 5908:. Retrieved 5894: 5882:. Retrieved 5868: 5856:. Retrieved 5825:. Retrieved 5821:the original 5816: 5807: 5799:the original 5789: 5777:. Retrieved 5773:the original 5763: 5751:. Retrieved 5742: 5733: 5721:. Retrieved 5713:BolognaToday 5712: 5688:. Retrieved 5673: 5647:. Retrieved 5643:the original 5633: 5621:. Retrieved 5607: 5595:. Retrieved 5581: 5569:. Retrieved 5555: 5529:. Retrieved 5525:the original 5515: 5489:. Retrieved 5485:the original 5475: 5449:. Retrieved 5445:the original 5424:the original 5414: 5388:. Retrieved 5384:the original 5374: 5369:La Rpubblica 5355: 5343:. Retrieved 5339:the original 5329: 5317:. Retrieved 5308: 5299: 5287:. Retrieved 5278: 5269: 5257:. Retrieved 5248: 5238: 5226:. Retrieved 5219: 5210: 5198:. Retrieved 5189: 5180: 5168:. Retrieved 5154: 5142:. Retrieved 5128: 5116:. Retrieved 5112:the original 5102: 5090:. Retrieved 5076: 5066:13 September 5064:. Retrieved 5050: 5040:17 September 5038:. Retrieved 5024: 5014:17 September 5012:. Retrieved 5002: 4992:17 September 4990:. Retrieved 4986:the original 4976: 4966:17 September 4964:. Retrieved 4950: 4940:17 September 4938:. Retrieved 4924: 4912:. Retrieved 4898: 4888:11 September 4886:. Retrieved 4872: 4862:11 September 4860:. Retrieved 4847: 4837:11 September 4835:. Retrieved 4808:11 September 4806:. Retrieved 4792: 4787:, 9, p. 140. 4784: 4779: 4771: 4766: 4758: 4753: 4741:. Retrieved 4727: 4717: 4704: 4695: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4644: 4632:. Retrieved 4628:the original 4617: 4605:. Retrieved 4601:the original 4591: 4579:. Retrieved 4575:the original 4565: 4546: 4534:. Retrieved 4530:the original 4520: 4511: 4466: 4465: 4344: 4343: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4219: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4184: 4175:aiguillettes 4164: 4150:liberal arts 4145: 4142: 4129: 4122: 4103: 4080: 4076: 4067: 4062: 4043: 4035:commencement 4032: 4027: 4025: 3993: 3977: 3915: 3913:traditions. 3911: 3895:cappa clausa 3894: 3876: 3852:Tudor bonnet 3839:trencher cap 3834:academic cap 3831: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3789: 3786:minor orders 3782:cappa clausa 3781: 3777: 3775: 3767: 3758: 3752: 3691: 3679: 3666: 3662:adding to it 3657: 3620: 3604: 3576: 3557: 3553: 3478: 3463: 3460: 3448: 3435: 3431:adding to it 3426: 3393: 3371: 3357: 3353: 3346:studentmössa 3345: 3341: 3336:The regular 3335: 3324: 3283: 3176:Interpreting 3068:Architecture 3003:Colour name 2993: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2944: 2931: 2920: 2916: 2915:Long cuffs ( 2909: 2898: 2888: 2873: 2853: 2844: 2829:Please help 2817: 2793: 2790:South Africa 2786: 2739: 2735:adding to it 2730: 2704: 2701: 2689: 2684:Portrait of 2660: 2647: 2643:adding to it 2638: 2552: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2517: 2502: 2492:, Green for 2483: 2476: 2462:Forest Green 2123:Architecture 2104: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2044:dies natalis 2043: 2041: 2032: 2029:dies natalis 2028: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2003: 1994: 1979:Please help 1967: 1927: 1914: 1910:adding to it 1905: 1730:Architecture 1649: 1611: 1601: 1596:Cape or Hood 1595: 1581: 1576: 1546: 1544: 1521: 1512: 1501:Please help 1496:verification 1493: 1454: 1440:for men and 1419: 1361: 1352: 1332: 1324: 1318: 1313: 1312:matches the 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1265: 1261: 1260:which means 1257: 1255: 1247: 1222: 1214: 1212: 1206: 1199: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1171: 1154: 1137: 1120: 1103: 1092:Colour name 1081: 1078: 1061: 1051: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1017: 994: 985: 970:Please help 958: 917: 905:Tudor bonnet 889: 847: 843: 828: 805: 738: 734:Russell cord 723: 719: 709: 698: 668: 641: 586: 581: 577: 573: 549: 548: 445: 416:Folk costume 390: 381:royal courts 325:Smart casual 210:Evening gown 130:Evening gown 116: 29: 9869:Semi-formal 9835:Dress codes 9725:Boutonnière 9707:Accessories 9586:Swim diaper 9581:Swim briefs 9546:Boardshorts 9466:Windbreaker 9227:Suit jacket 9222:Mess jacket 9116:Guards Coat 9035:See-through 8799:Romper suit 8173:Neck gaiter 8168:Neckerchief 8015:Terminology 7923:Legal dress 7918:Honor cords 7679:Santo Tomas 7672:Philippines 7588:George Shaw 7573:John Burgon 7439:Student cap 7381:Terminology 7034:Saarbrücken 7024:Cox, Noel, 6879:14 February 6573:History.com 5926:"UP Sablay" 5289:9 September 5259:9 September 5228:9 September 5200:9 September 5170:6 September 5144:6 September 5118:6 September 5092:6 September 4710:Oxford DMus 3514:Phitsanulok 3344:, Swedish: 3338:student cap 3172:Translation 3163:Light green 3072:Engineering 2981:mortarboard 2891:Isabella II 2698:, Portugal. 2606:Philippines 2479:mortarboard 2473:Philippines 2371:Grey Green 2248:Dark Violet 2243:Engineering 2050:New Zealand 1949:Netherlands 1734:Engineering 1635:University 1556:mortarboard 1471:for women. 1469:Salwar Suit 1414:Karan Singh 1372:RWTH Aachen 901:mortarboard 705:casual wear 578:academicals 485:= Gentlemen 162:Semi-formal 18:Academicals 9810:Suspenders 9805:Sunglasses 9740:Cummerbund 9730:Coin purse 9634:Flip-flops 9629:Dress shoe 9624:Dress boot 9619:Court shoe 9566:Rash guard 9513:Nightshirt 9387:Harrington 9345:pellegrina 9205:Frock coat 9198:Suit coats 9187:Mackintosh 9128:Over-frock 8987:Underpants 8936:Undershirt 8809:Shirtdress 8650:boilersuit 8547:diplomatic 8509:Yoga pants 8499:Sweatpants 8412:High water 8407:Go-to-hell 8300:sleeveless 8253:halterneck 8243:cache-cœur 8163:Lavallière 8010:Technology 7823:St Andrews 7777:Nottingham 7772:Manchester 7602:By country 7374:Components 7286:Shaw, G.W. 7196:Electronic 6933:190531339X 5827:18 October 5779:18 October 5723:18 October 5690:18 October 5649:18 October 5623:18 October 5597:18 October 5571:18 October 5531:18 October 5491:18 October 5451:18 October 5390:18 October 5345:18 October 4504:References 4314:Graduation 4045:Bachelors' 3879:Chancellor 3717:See also: 3498:Nonthaburi 3488:Chiang Rai 3466:suea khrui 3340:(Finnish: 3251:Journalism 3213:Light Blue 3194:Literature 3190:Philosophy 3040:Odontology 3012:Psychology 2582:UP Diliman 2567:UP Diliman 2398:Sage Green 2379:Philosophy 2344:Blue Green 2288:Light Blue 1860:Psychology 1716:Humanities 1588:panel (or 1319:After the 1300:is called 1142:Redcurrant 896:Graduation 853:By country 765:broadcloth 589:graduation 386:diplomatic 376:law courts 348:Athleisure 340:Sportswear 335:Streetwear 166:half dress 118:Frock coat 79:full dress 9879:black tie 9862:white tie 9770:Jewellery 9687:Pantyhose 9561:One-piece 9508:Nightgown 9480:Nightwear 9318:Inverness 9313:ferraiolo 9138:shadbelly 9106:Greatcoat 9073:Overcoats 9060:outerwear 8906:Underwear 8861:Miniskirt 8846:Ballerina 8763:Strapless 8741:debutante 8736:ball gown 8714:Coatdress 8655:cleanroom 8613:Religious 8608:Political 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