Acadian architecture

816:, with the assistance of the government, settled them on his lands. A total of 58 farms were constructed along long, straight, and wide roads. The dwellings were inspired by local peasant constructions, yet they were not specifically Acadian. They were built according to the same rational plan, where the dwelling and outbuildings were connected in the same long building (or longère), yet they still had some organizational differences. There were two types of houses: one with a single room measuring 22 meters long and the other with two rooms measuring 28 meters long. Each house had a chimney and was designed for a family of 10 people. Due to the scarcity of available stones in the soil, Marquis de Pérusse conceived the idea of utilizing the distinctive earth of the Archigny-La Puye plateau, known as bornais. This earth was extracted on-site and then compacted between two 98: 748:

Acadia had gable roofs. Thus, for the emigrants, the gable roof represents and perpetuates part of their lost heritage. In Acadia, the attic was used as a sleeping area for boys, a practice that persisted in Louisiana. In contrast, the Creoles did not reside in the attic, deeming it uncomfortably hot. There was often no staircase leading to the attic. To transform the attic into a habitable space, the Cajuns installed expansive windows in each gable, which could be opened during sultry summer nights. They maintained the use of a steeply pitched roof to provide additional space. As soon as brick became a commercially available material in the mid-19th century, clay chimneys were replaced by brick chimneys.

2638: 721:. It typically comprised two living rooms, with a central chimney made of clay and wood that opened onto both rooms. In most cases, each room had its exterior door, and two or three small rooms were situated at the rear of the house. These small rooms could be used as an office, storage, servants' quarters, or family bedrooms, particularly for children. A less common type of house had only one room, with the chimney leaning against one of the gables. A more common type of house was the proper Acadian house. According to Milton B. Newton, the Louisiana Acadian house was similar to the Creole Acadian house, with the exception that it lacked a porch and the 22: 1245: 874:, generally located in the kitchen, became more elaborate. The configuration of stairs remained consistent, with the first two steps leading to a landing where a door provided access to the remainder of the stairs. The trapdoor leading to the cellar remained in the kitchen, situated near the stairs. Around 1850, the square stove was replaced by the double-deck stove, also known as the French stove or the more expensive Star stove. These stoves were used for both cooking and heating. The majority of residences were equipped with two stoves, one in the kitchen and the other upstairs. Some dwellings began to be illuminated by 2058: 2650: 1057: 1386: 1589: 1359: 1329: 1577: 1613: 1402: 1796: 1041: 1484:

guide, Acadia was a challenging place to visit due to the scarcity of hotels and the often mediocre quality of those that did exist. However, the situation changed significantly in 1886 with the construction of the Intercolonial Railway and secondary lines. Apart from the larger urban centers of Bathurst and Moncton, Caraquet experienced the most significant expansion of lodging establishments until the 1920s. Following the construction of the Rive Hotel, the Seagull Hotel, and the Paulin Hotel, hotel development reached its zenith with the

788: 2770: 2614: 1919: 2046: 2070: 1756: 2626: 1601: 441:, which now belong to Quebec, were colonized in successive waves, mainly by Acadians between 1755 and 1792. As was the case elsewhere, the first houses were provisional and were hastily constructed to replace them later with more comfortable houses. However, these houses served for a longer period than was anticipated and retained a rustic character for approximately a century. The initial construction of the houses was accomplished with the use of round logs, which were subsequently replaced by 2098: 1261: 1293: 1374: 2707: 1561: 1784: 1317: 837: 228: 2082: 122: 1828:. The study of architecture predating the deportation primarily relies on period documents due to the absence of intact houses. These documents often contain vague and incomplete descriptions, along with a few small-scale drawings. Moreover, the authors of that era were primarily interested in politics rather than the daily life and culture of the Acadians. However, archaeological excavations since the 1960s have provided new insights into the subject. The two main sites are 1347: 918:, clad in cladding and featuring more decorative frames and corner boards. The fundamental element of this architectural style is the dormer, which is often continued from the facade wall, traditionally on the long side of the house. The dormer is usually positioned opposite the main entrance, although more elaborate constructions often have two, installed on each side of the door. New furniture is introduced, sofas are upholstered, and walls are decorated with portraits. 882: 1277: 893:. However, there are also some minor differences in the framing. This could be attributed to an adaptation of English construction techniques, but this explanation seems unlikely due to the isolation of many villages by the late 18th century. Moreover, the Acadians were renowned for their expertise in carpentry and would have provided inexpensive labor in the construction of English-speaking houses. In any case, Acadians in the 19th century viewed Canadian-English or 2977: 6002: 1744: 1631: 2762: 1305: 562: 2602: 538: 1817: 1772: 308: 2281: 6022: 600:

partition, thereby creating new rooms. In the case of a house divided into two sections, the larger room was typically used as the kitchen, while the smaller section served as a bedroom where all family members slept. The exterior walls were typically covered with shingles, although some houses were still clapboarded. The roofs of these houses were steeply pitched and often thatched. An 1817 engraving depicts rather

866:, covered with planks and generally with a stone foundation. This type of construction allowed for even larger houses, with each room now built for a specific use. In particular, around 1860, the large kitchen was divided into two, forming a kitchen at the back of the house and a small living room facing the main entrance. This new room was borrowed from English Canadians. Interior walls were increasingly 550: 672: 645:. The Brayons constructed houses that were similar in design to those found in other Acadian regions. These houses were small, with a single room and no more than two windows, and were built piece by piece using squared logs and heated by a single chimney made of stones bound with a type of clay mortar. Three methods were employed to affix the pieces of wood. The most prevalent was the 612:

comfortable home. This piece was typically built into the wall and often harmonized with the moldings of the house. The windows were sash windows, generally consisting of twelve small glass panes, each measuring 15 centimeters per side. Curtains were constructed from newspapers, with the bottom portion cut to resemble fringe, a practice that persisted until 1930.

151:, which involved planting posts in the ground and binding them with small branches. This process made walls sturdier and created air pockets for better insulation. The interiors were coated with mud or clay to fill gaps, while small exterior planks completed the insulation. Chimneys were made similarly to walls but coated with mud and clay to prevent fires. The 1207:. Several Acadian churches also distinguished themselves from others in terms of their size. Sainte-Marie Church in Pointe-de-l'Église was claimed to be the largest wooden church in North America, while Saint-Pierre-de-la-Vernière in Îles-de-la-Madeleine was the largest in Quebec and Saint-Simon in the village of the same name was the largest in New Brunswick. 659:. The third technique, designated "stacked and pinned," entailed sawing the logs at the corners of the house, stacking them alternately one on top of the other, drilling two vertical holes in the logs, and affixing them together with long wooden pins. Only a few known houses were constructed in this manner. Upon their arrival, the settlers adopted 2393:

is situated a considerable distance from the sea, certain maritime elements can be discerned in its architectural style. One such element is the "coudes," which are pieces of wood installed in the attic to reinforce the structure. Additionally, some houses featured boat ladders in lieu of staircases.

2377:

The occurrence of shipwrecks involving timber-laden vessels was a common phenomenon, and the use of salvaged materials in construction was a significant practice during the 18th and 19th centuries. This was particularly evident in the Magdalen Islands, where the forest cover was rapidly depleted. The

1720:

chandelier, and sculptures by Léon Léger. Its destruction in a 2005 fire was considered one of the major losses of artwork in New Brunswick's Acadian history. The church was rebuilt in 2007 in a more modern style, incorporating surviving artworks, a new altar, and old paintings and benches from other

679:

Due to the favorable economic situation in Madawaska during the early 19th century, residential construction improved. In 1815, surveyor J. Bouchette observed that the majority of houses were well-constructed. In 1831, American census takers J.G. Deane and E. Kavanagh noted that some houses had up to

391:

was sometimes incorporated. Houses were inadequately insulated, with clay, moss, and cow dung serving as the primary insulation material. A loft, accessible via a ladder or occasionally a notched post, served as a storage area for hay and tools and, on occasion, as a boys' bedroom. In some instances,

75:

The oldest surviving examples of Acadian architecture date back to the early 19th century. Increasingly, municipalities are preserving their heritage, with several buildings having been restored or reconstructed in seven historic villages. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted on Acadian

1978:

In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards revaluing traditional architecture. One of the pioneering municipalities in this regard is the town of Caraquet. The municipality has established a heritage preservation committee, created a list of protected heritage buildings, and published a

901:

are added. In the first half of the century, several houses in the neoclassical style are built. They are generally simple, not as decorated as in the United States, but retain the overall layout. A few rare, more elaborate examples of this architectural style exist, such as the former presbytery of

3133:

are believed to date from before 1755. The Louis Cannes house is thought to have been constructed around 1708–1710, while the oldest part of the former Farmer's Hotel is believed to be the Jean-Baptiste Soulard house, built around 1710. According to tradition, the oldest part of the Jeremiah Calkin

2999:

made of various objects and buried coins in the presence of a young child. This was done to help the child remember and to ensure that the plot of land was not encroached upon. The practice of salvaging wood from shipwrecks gave rise to a prayer that was recited by children in the Acadian region of

861:

From this period onwards, the construction methods and appearance of houses were no longer determined by the availability of materials and tools, but rather by the lifestyle of the owner. Houses became more spacious, and the log construction method disappeared, except in some isolated villages. The

747:

At least three differences exist between Creole and Cajun houses, symbolizing the tensions between these new arrivals and the established aristocracy. One of the reasons for adopting the gable roof, which was less popular among the Creoles, is almost certainly the fact that nearly all the houses in

350:

constructed shelters in two or three days. These houses were small, rectangular, and almost square, with a single room and three or four openings, including the door. They were heated by a masonry, a stone fireplace. The most prevalent architectural style was a piece-sur-piece construction, wherein

733:

over the extension while maintaining a straight slope on the opposite side. Alternatively, the annex represented the main body of the house. A veranda was constructed along the entire length of the facade, integrated into the main body of the house. The roofing material, cedar shingles impregnated

599:

candles were introduced around 1820. Among the wealthiest families, heating was provided by a small square stove added to the fireplace, which was still used for cooking but began to disappear by 1825. This significant improvement allowed houses to be constructed with more windows and at least one

71:

from 1755 to 1763, most Acadian structures were demolished. For several decades afterward, hastily constructed homes of poor quality were built. Despite improving living conditions, the architectural style remained relatively unchanged until the mid-19th century, when French influence declined and

1436:

The opening of numerous railway lines in the latter half of the 19th century had a profound impact on the communities that were served by them. This was since city centers began to develop or appear near railway stations. Before this, Acadians were only minimally involved in commerce, except for

461:

was installed in one of the grooves, allowing the planks to be joined together. The houses were generally square, averaging six meters per side but no more than ten meters. Frequently, a lean-to was added, a smaller room built in the style of the house, used as a kitchen, dining room, and living

1646:

In the 1960s, Acadian society underwent a profound transformation. The majority of impoverished villages witnessed the construction of larger residences, while older one- or two-room houses were either enlarged or converted into sheds. Outdoor toilets were eradicated, and the last villages also

1483:

At the time, there were few hotels in the area, with some authors suggesting that the term "hotel" was an inappropriate designation for these establishments, as they were typically houses that had been converted into inns, providing the owner with additional income. According to an 1893 tourist

952:

were constructed with gently sloping roofs. He further asserts that small one-room houses with steep roofs were largely supplanted during the 1920s, with only a few impoverished villages retaining their architectural legacy. These vestiges of French influence in architecture represent the final

1025:

had a detrimental impact on the economic situation of Acadians in the Maritime provinces. To mitigate these effects and liberate the population from the control of fishing companies, the clergy initiated the establishment of new agricultural villages in 1875. The architectural style employed a

2013:

traverses various dune ecosystems. At the entrance, a visitor center is situated, comprising an observation tower and a small single-room building with an ecological sewage system. The architectural style of the building is inspired by Acadian architecture, yet it bears resemblance to similar

611:

The variety of furniture increased, yet its overall design remained simple. Dressers were introduced, chairs replaced benches, and some furniture was crafted specifically for children. The corner cabinet was the most intricately constructed piece of furniture and reflected a desire for a more

1511:

cabins on the gable wall. Despite the sale of industrial agricultural tools and machines from the 19th century, this situation changed little, except in Madawaska, where the construction of the railway and the development of the potato industry led to the extension of existing barns and the

2373:

are occasionally used as fences. Windbreaks, fences constructed of stakes approximately 3.6 meters in height, are employed to safeguard residences and, on occasion, agricultural lands from offshore winds. In the Magdalen Islands, fences were typically constructed of intertwined branches.

729:, which retains the general plan while having an additional floor. Should the residents require additional space, a one- or two-room annex was later constructed at the rear or on one side. This addition took the form of a lean-to, created by extending the rear roof of the house, with the 134:

In 1632, Acadia was revitalized with the arrival of Isaac de Razilly, Menou de Charnizay, and Nicolas Denys, along with 300 elite men and three Capuchins, who departed from Auray (Brittany) France. The architectural designs they developed were influenced by French designs, notably the

684:

until the mid-19th century when some were relocated to higher ground along the road. This presented an opportunity for owners to expand their residences or add one or two additional floors, using the original construction techniques. By the mid-century, houses typically exhibited a

1898:

The field of Acadian architecture remains underdeveloped, with a primary focus on domestic architecture. In 1976, the Canadian Encyclopedia Association (CEA) announced a comprehensive study on the subject, but the project was ultimately canceled in 1978 due to a lack of funding.

113:

was founded, and a dozen houses were constructed and arranged to give the impression of a fort. The buildings were French-inspired, with their steep four-sided roofs. In 1605, following a harsh winter, the houses were demolished to salvage materials for the reconstruction of the

573:

was established in 1784, at which time Acadian families were granted title to their lands. The population increased, and numerous villages and commercial enterprises were established. The appearance of the houses changed little and remained much less comfortable than those of

2991:. During the construction of churches, recent coins and newspapers were buried, allowing for dating during the demolition process. It was believed that a church with buried coins under its doorstep would never experience financial difficulties. A custom observed by 2035:. The village is constructed on stilts to prevent damage to the surrounding marshes, while the buildings and roads are built on the foundations of former structures. The buildings' simple forms, wooden framework, exterior walls paneled with boards or shingles, and 980:

in Tracadie in 1938, exemplifies the Foursquare style, a prevalent architectural style during the first half of the 20th century, particularly in this town. At the turn of the 20th century, two common elements were the "L" plan and the steeply pitched roof with a

2385:

Houses were rarely painted originally, and if they were, it was usually in red. Subsequently, Acadian settlements often became distinctive through the use of brightly colored boats and houses, with fishermen using leftover boat paint to paint their houses.

594:

had largely replaced wooden pegs and thorns in construction. The economy shifted from agriculture to fishing and forestry. Farm buildings were subsequently improved to enhance efficiency. Domestically produced candles began to be used for illumination, and

712:

In the late 18th century, the Cajuns began experimenting with various types of mud-built houses. By the early 19th century, they had adopted three distinct architectural styles. The first, the Creole Acadian house, was particularly prevalent in the

704:. Ceilings were often coffered, and interior moldings often echoed the exterior style of the house. The wealthiest families often covered their houses with vertical planks outside and sometimes inside as well, allowing for better insulation. 667:

for insulation, both for houses and churches or sawmills. However, as soon as their settlement became more significant, the Acadians ceased covering their buildings with birch, and Maliseet influence in architecture disappeared around 1800.

976:. American colonial-style houses were built towards the end of the century, characterized by their hip roofs, large size, symmetrical fenestration, and two-story square plan. The residence of Dr. Bourgeois, constructed by Acadian architect 582:. Although they still consisted of a single room, they were larger, having to be at least 20 feet by 16 feet in New Brunswick. The most significant innovation of the 19th century was the introduction of new tools and manufacturing methods. 795:

Following their deportation, some Acadians chose to settle permanently in France. Notably, they settled in Brittany on Belle-Île-en-Mer and in Poitou. In 1773, the Acadians arrived in Châtellerault and along the Acadian Line of Poitou (in

775:, new houses were constructed using cypress planks, often sourced from sawmill waste. A prevalent decorative style between the 1880s and 1930s was the false gallery, which consisted of a roof extending beyond the facade and supported by 3000:

Quebec: "My God, I would be a good girl/boy, but make sure for Dad that there is a shipwreck, no later than tomorrow." Construction projects, particularly those involving the construction of churches, were completed through the use of

3417: 1244: 1867:, was conducted in 1971 by J. Rodolphe Bourque for the New Brunswick Historic Resources Administration (ARH). This research continued with the development of the Acadian Historical Village by architects Ross Anderson (employed by 2827:. Henri concentrated on construction and material fabrication, while Nazaire designed numerous buildings in the Acadian Peninsula, including the well-known Saint-Paul church in Bas-Caraquet, Saint-Joachim church in Bertrand, and 2362:, a formidable southeast wind. In response, Chéticamp residents adapted their architecture by reinforcing the exposed side of the house with stones, having a lower roof on the exposed side than on the opposite side, and short 1099:

As the population increased, churches were enlarged or rebuilt, thereby differentiating themselves from other buildings and drawing inspiration from various European religious architectural styles. Some churches incorporated

2001:

Since the 1970s, there has been a resurgence of interest in Cajun culture, including its architectural heritage. This has manifested in the construction of numerous new houses in the traditional Cajun style since the 1990s.

5324: 1005:

remained the most popular until the early 20th century. The Château d'Acadie, constructed in 1939 in Tracadie-Sheila, represents a singular instance of the Château style, characterized by its irregular form, stone walls,

1647:

received electricity. Furthermore, the majority of chimneys were replaced by electric heating. Four-pane windows were replaced by aluminum windows, while shingles and wooden boards were covered with plastic or metal.

457:. In subsequent periods, houses were constructed with planks split in two and installed vertically. These were tongue-and-groove structures, in which a groove was cut along the length of both sides of the plank and a 751:

In the early 19th century, the one- or two-room house with a front gallery and a gable roof became the standard among the Cajuns. These houses were constructed by hand, with squared wooden posts mounted on massive

5015: 921:

Despite the enhanced quality of life, the space economy remained a fundamental aspect of the household. For instance, a cupboard was constructed beneath the stairs, and the expanded attic became a habitable room.

1934:

in New Brunswick opened its doors in 1976. Since then, it has undergone continual expansion, recreating daily life in Acadia from 1770 to 1939 through 38 historic buildings and 9 replicas. The Acadian Village of

166:

house, built with squared logs stacked on each other, allowing for inexpensive and quick construction. This method was mainly used by new families or in remote areas without sawmills. By 1688, all the houses in

1979:

preservation guide. As a result of these initiatives, dozens of houses and businesses have been restored, and new buildings are constructed in the traditional style, particularly all recent buildings in the

4665: 4568: 4538: 4473: 4389: 4319: 4289: 4259: 4229: 4199: 4177: 1880: 2326:

In the 18th century, families established their year-round homes further inland, and many built fishing cabins by the sea. This way of life lasted until the early 20th century and was observed mainly in

744:, or attic, was accessible by an exterior staircase installed under the veranda. The house's facade was covered with whitewashed vertical planks, while the other walls were clapboarded but unpainted. 2171:(hay barrack) is a square structure measuring 4 to 4.5 meters wide, designed to store hay. It is constructed with four posts 5 meters high, supporting a pyramidal roof. At the end of each post is a 1956: 3111:

Several ancient texts mention 'bousillées' houses, which could be interpreted as timber-framed houses. This is a similar technique, with the main difference lying in the spacing between the posts.

1666:. During this period, numerous cities and villages were incorporated as municipalities, resulting in the construction of new city halls, regional schools, hospitals, and other public buildings. 1677:

during the 1960s is noteworthy. Despite the city's Acadian population comprising only a third of the population, three of the four tallest inhabited buildings housed Acadian institutions. The

2750: 689:

plan, comprising two rooms deep, a central hallway, a central chimney, one to one and a half stories, rarely two, and a simple gable roof. The exterior of the houses resembled those of large

4856: 4724: 2255:. Its use is complex, as the fire must produce a substantial quantity of smoke with minimal flame damage to the structure. Around the 1910s, modern commercial smokehouses emerged in the 1959:, Nova Scotia, opened its doors in 1999, recreating society from 1653 to the present. It includes several houses, a forge, and a fish processing plant. Plans are underway to reconstruct 395:

Two characteristics emerged during this period to define Acadian houses: the headwall in the façade, which was one to one and a half meters high between the ground-floor windows and the

1998:

in 2008, based on the designs of the former station master's residence from the 1940s. The Acadian Historical Village of New Brunswick will soon include a replica of a railway station.

771:

style. In many instances, the original house was transformed into an outbuilding situated behind the new construction, which was positioned at the front of the property. Following the

3016:, which was then dislodged after a shot was discharged. A banquet would then be convened. Upon the completion of the construction, a priest would arrive to bestow a blessing upon it. 1072:

Following the deportation, mass gatherings were held in private residences. The first Catholic parish in the region that would become known as "New Acadia" was established in 1781 in

1519:

Despite the advent of new machine-made materials, wood remains the material of choice. A report from 1886 indicates that the following woods were used by Acadians in house framing:

1230:

chapel was divided in 1846, with its facade becoming the sacristy of the new church and the remaining portion transformed into a residence. The Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption Church in

2025:

was constructed between 1991 and 1999 in Bouctouche, following the designs of Élide Albert and Dianne Van Dommelen. This park recreates a fictional Acadian village, as depicted in

2236:. This architectural style involves the integration of the house with all its outbuildings, including sheds, barns, and other structures, regardless of their architectural style. 1841: 1364: 268: 3369: 2284: 1722: 1234:

was constructed in 1935 in a relatively simple architectural style. The interior walls were finished in pressed cardboard, and the pews were sourced from Saint-Thomas Church in

280: 2637: 4875: 247:

The early Acadian churches were often constructed like houses and sometimes barns, exhibiting a combination of both architectural styles. They were characterized by a lack of

870:

to make them more attractive and easier to maintain. Various types of doors were now used. Henceforth, the kitchen door was most often placed opposite the entrance door. The

813: 4782: 1872: 1507:, with the main door located on the side and the interior divided into three sections. However, Acadian farmers often add distinctive stables along the entire rear side and 63:

The settlement of Acadia was established in 1604; the architecture was influenced by French design but adapted to the local climatic conditions and materials. Subsequently,

2909:, is the architect responsible for several significant buildings in the city, including the National Bank and the Farmers' Market. He also contributed to the design of the 211:. Previously, it was thought that stone was rarely used in construction, but an unpublished study has revealed that stone and wood houses were common adaptations of French 1701: 1499:

The architectural styles of Acadian farm buildings vary not only due to geographical location and farm size but also due to farmers' preferences and skills. The barns in

1251: 2102: 1429:

facilities in Caraquet serving as primary examples. These facilities feature numerous buildings, some in Acadian style, constructed of wood with painted white and red

2229: 5666: 5132: 2665:

Some Acadian communities situated at a distance from the sea developed distinctive aspects of their culture about farming and forestry. This is exemplified by the

2649: 199:

in 1640. His descendants disseminated the technique across various Acadian regions until the 19th century. At the turn of the 18th century, these houses were only

406:(a large two-man saw), a handsaw, an axe, a hewing axe, a two-handled knife, and a pocket knife. Nails were rarely used, except for instances involving shingles. 2804:. Only a few of his works survive, but he is credited with one of the greatest achievements of the 19th century in New Brunswick: the Sacred Heart Chapel of the 4415: 2905:

and the University of Montreal. He is regarded as one of Montreal's most accomplished architects. Pierre Gallant, born in 1949 in Moncton and a graduate of the

2319:. The bell tower of the Kouchibouguac church is shaped like a lighthouse. In recent years, the lighthouse has also emerged as a symbol of tourism in Acadia. In 2739: 1655: 1040: 339:

lifestyle that had previously existed. Until 1784, Acadians were persistently pursued by the British, and they were compelled to live without property titles.

2910: 3177: 1833: 1192: 1576: 760:-origin frame used by the Creoles. The house was constructed with a foundation of two-foot-high cypress blocks, which were later replaced by brick pillars. 1994:

station, which was destroyed in 1987, was rebuilt in 2004 and now serves as a tourist information center. A new station is currently under construction in

763:

The rise in living standards during the 19th century led to an increase in the size and embellishment of houses, which were frequently constructed in the

1892: 2828: 1485: 26: 5578: 3087: 5602: 5276: 2358:, winds can be particularly strong, and half-gable roofs are preferred over full gables or three-quarter gables. This is due to the prevalence of the 1512:

construction of double barns. These consist of two parallel structures with a gable or mansard roof connected by a two-slope roof, likely inspired by

1034:

were founded, where settlers relocated on foot with their tools and initially constructed branch shelters, subsequently erecting simple plank houses.

5590: 2778: 1725:

in Caraquet, saw artworks reinstalled later. Despite this, church construction continues, characterized by their modern style, with main examples in

1709: 1465: 3914: 2347:

is said to have been named for this reason. Windy places were usually avoided for founding villages, and houses were usually protected on one side.

2187:, Prince Edward Island, until the early 20th century. However, they have since been found only in the Magdalen Islands and among the Anglophones of 1891:(Popular History of Acadia), which described the relationship between architecture and its environment, as well as the folklore associated with it. 1588: 1109: 1337: 255:, the church used paper as a means of providing windows. However, this situation underwent a significant transformation around 1689, when Seigneur 275:, which had surpassed Port-Royal in population. Recent excavations have revealed that the church's rectory was the only building in Acadia with a 4903: 3035: 2816: 1489: 30: 2952:

Canada boasts ten architecture schools, yet despite improvements in teaching over the past century, the Faculty of Architecture and Planning at

2323:, a lighthouse was constructed in Foley Park, while two port buildings in the vicinity incorporate lighthouses into their architectural design. 1401: 496:, or vacheries, while most remained small farmers. They constructed temporary shelters, supported by poles planted in the ground (techniques of 1690: 3709: 2805: 2613: 1018:

in most communities from the 1940s onwards, the primary entrance became a rarely used feature, often serving merely as a decorative element.

903: 5899: 3368:

Hachey, Steve (5 August 2003). "Établissements acadiens d'avant la Déportation : Les recherches archéologiques en dévoilent beaucoup".

1883:(CEA), commenced its investigation in 1976 and subsequently published two volumes. In 1979, Jean-Claude Dupont published an analysis titled 1612: 1385: 1328: 417:

The furniture was utilitarian, typically of a modest height and devoid of embellishments. It was typically crafted by the user, often from

5189: 2057: 383:, or flat stones bound with mortar. The chimney was typically situated in the center of the house, although when positioned on one of the 828:

or bousillis wall. Several houses were renovated or enlarged during the mid-19th century, and 38 of these structures still stand today.

207:

and frame exposed outside. Some were coated with white clay on the exterior, a local invention. The fourth type of house was built with

1948: 1927: 1856: 1829: 316: 1358: 4353: 3561: 779:. Another distinctive feature was the facade with multiple doors, which facilitated improved ventilation during the summer months. 738:, was similar to that used in France. The entrance doors lacked a threshold, with the floor extending outside to form a porch. The 3957: 2834:

Another architect of note from this period was Anselme Roy (1895–1978), who is also known as Samuel Roy and hails originally from

2625: 1468:, constructed in 1906, exemplifies the typical characteristics of the stone-cut building style. Its simple volume is defined by a 5558: 1260: 1210:

The prevalence of poverty in many communities led inhabitants to develop ingenious techniques. For instance, the first church in

2983:

was so named either because fishermen had cabins there, or because the village's houses look very small when seen from Caraquet.

1743: 1157: 1137: 1125: 1056: 97: 1755: 1700:, numerous churches underwent significant alterations, with some experiencing irreversible damage. A notable exception is the 466:

was often constructed at the entrance of the lean-to, serving both as a storage space and protection against the winter wind.

5914: 5502: 5483: 5455: 5436: 5417: 4032: 2914: 2793: 2714:

In the 19th century, buildings were typically designed in a simple manner, with more elaborate structures being entrusted to

2233: 845: 4696: 2960:

is the only one located in the Acadian region. It offers courses only in English, although French-language schools exist at

1863:, which prompted Acadians to recognize the historical value of their architectural heritage. The initial significant study, 1292: 897:

architecture as a sign of prosperity and adopted their decorations, albeit more modestly. Existing houses are elongated and

5618: 3102:. Although not officially recognized, Acadia would constitute a nation by its language, culture, institutions, and symbols. 1939:, Maine, also opened in 1976, featuring a train station, church, forge, school, and general store. In Louisiana, there are 1906:

has been a significant contributor to the preservation of French architectural heritage since 1982, including that of the

1689:, constructed in 1972, which is the tallest building in the city at 81 meters and 20 stories. This is complemented by the 1346: 906:. In the second half of the century, the neoclassical aspect of some houses was complemented by the addition of cladding, 2906: 2902: 2835: 1153: 5790: 2870: 1837: 4056: 3425: 1734: 1156:

Church, which display Baroque interiors and other styles externally. The interiors of churches such as Saint-Pierre de

1076:. At the same time, the first chapels and churches were erected. One of the earliest large churches was Saint-Henri de 717:

region and along the Mississippi River. According to Milton B. Newton, this style was inspired by French houses in the

554: 144: 1231: 1176:

from the 1940s to the 1960s, exerted a notable influence on some Acadian churches, with Saint-Jean-Baptiste Church in

5521: 5332: 5256: 4860: 4728: 3623: 3598: 3520: 3025: 2366:

to prevent it from being torn off.It is not uncommon for house and barn frames to be reinforced on the seaward side.

1762: 1560: 1219: 1204: 894: 453:

at the corners, although some houses, designated as "corner houses," were constructed with planks joined with wooden

356: 5215: 2175:

operated by cables, allowing the roof to be raised according to the amount of hay to be preserved. The walls can be

1931: 5800: 5747: 1955:, Prince Edward Island, is a recreational-touristic complex installed in a reproduction of an Acadian village. The 1662:, stands in stark contrast to its rural surroundings, featuring expansive horizontal lines, brown brick walls, and 1437:

occasional involvement in rural areas. Fidèle Poirier is credited with opening the first urban Acadian business in

1089: 542: 4857:"Radio-Canada – 12 août 2005 – Le vol d'une plaque honorifique à Grand-Pré relance la controverse qui l'entourait" 1795: 725:(attic) was accessible by an interior staircase. A typical bourgeois Acadian house is the Acadian House Museum in 232: 6048: 5710: 2940:(Bélanger et Roy). In the 1960s, they demonstrated a certain creative autonomy, parallel to the work of sculptor 2390: 1500: 1316: 1267: 681: 5162: 2069: 1726: 1276: 175:

or plank roofs. A third type of house was built of cob. It consists of a framework whose spaces are filled with

5307: 4634: 3312: 3227: 3012:

was planted after the last rafter of the frame had been nailed. Subsequently, a fir tree was positioned on the

2789: 1783: 1077: 953:

remnants of a bygone era. While traditional architecture did not disappear entirely, with the continued use of

1304: 1080:, currently the oldest wooden church in New Brunswick. Constructed in 1824, the building displays a fusion of 335:. Over the following years, numerous villages were destroyed, resulting in the termination of the prosperous, 5543: 986: 680:

two rooms, but rarely more, that most were paneled, and some were painted. Houses were constructed along the

5478:(in French). Translated and illustrated by Arielle de La Tour d'Auvergne. Paris: Les Éditions du Pacifique. 5023: 2213:, where the posts are spaced approximately forty centimeters apart. The roof is supported by closely spaced 1445:, a material introduced to the city in 1887 by his sister Ombéline, one of the first Acadian businesswomen. 1161: 2874: 2727: 2045: 1991: 1960: 1211: 3375: 2862:, reflecting Roy's aspiration to establish a novel architectural idiom for a nascent business enterprise. 2838:. He is responsible for designing many notable buildings, including the old Saint-Jean-Baptiste church in 2601: 1716:

of New Brunswick" due to its numerous artworks, including 48 iconographic frescoes by Édouard Gautreau, a

1460:

offices, with the participation of some Acadian architects, including Albert Sincennes. In New Brunswick,

488:

culture and became the largest group, with other immigrants assimilating into them. They are now known as

5785: 5690: 5634: 5272: 3903: 2918: 2851: 2296: 1995: 1493: 1145: 1133: 1085: 1081: 1002: 915: 155:

was subsequently introduced. The construction of basic shelters involved two distinct types of assembly.

106: 4881: 1990:

The recent revitalization of railway heritage in Acadian regions is a relatively recent phenomenon. The

21: 6053: 5815: 5495:

Coalescence of styles : the ethnic heritage of St. John River Valley regional furniture, 1763–1851

2980: 2344: 2009:

was constructed between 1996 and 1997 by the architectural plans of Élide Albert. A 1.8 km wooden

1600: 1408: 1392: 1373: 1031: 764: 726: 694: 421:

due to its workability and abundance. Notches were made on the bench of the window frame to serve as a

72:

American and English influences began to emerge alongside the careers of the first Acadian architects.

5136: 4895: 4788: 2256: 2149: 2081: 1215: 5919: 5780: 2723: 2264: 1659: 1453: 1113: 1101: 324: 297: 260: 110: 81: 68: 5929: 5654: 4673: 4576: 4546: 4481: 4381: 4327: 4297: 4267: 4237: 4207: 4169: 3135: 2894: 2731: 2351: 2180: 1967: 1149: 964:, houses were now heavily influenced by fashionable styles in the United States and marked by their 801: 272: 5904: 1824:

The Acadian material culture, including its architecture, is an important source for understanding

1461: 990: 977: 425:. The fireplace served for heating, cooking, and often for lighting, which could also be done with 115: 5924: 5476:

La France en Amérique : héritage architectural de la colonisation à la naissance d'une nation

3717: 1678: 914:, while small-paned windows were replaced by four-paned windows. Other houses were renovated in a 889:

Acadian houses exhibit both distinctive characteristics and similarities to English houses in the

5795: 2878: 2801: 2195:, but they were larger and probably had a fixed roof. Additionally, they have been identified in 2191:. The origin of the hay barrack is uncertain, and there is a possibility that they originated in 1825: 1730: 1334: 1200: 1129: 1047: 541:

Mazerolle Farm, built in 1852, but typical of the living conditions of the time. It was built at

392:

the first floor was partitioned off for the winter, with residents using the warmth of the loft.

359:

influences. Another prevalent style employed wood pieces joined by corner planks and a system of

347: 77: 64: 45: 1214:

was adorned with silk handkerchiefs from the villagers, while the old churches in Barachois and

1132:

churches also emerged, such as Saint-Michel in Wedgeport (built in 1867, enlarged in 1913), and

283:

was also renowned for its aesthetic appeal, featuring an interior adorned with wooden moldings.

5853: 3030: 2965: 2926: 2735: 2210: 2022: 1860: 1697: 1477: 1254:, built in 1813, but whose more recent decoration has earned it the nickname of "candy church". 1117: 1093: 1022: 776: 768: 162:

house, the very first method used at the Sainte-Croix Habitation. Another popular type was the

2681:

walls. Forestry, where sawdust rejected from sawmills was used similarly, also played a role.

1630: 105:

The first European settlers established themselves in Acadia in 1604 during the expedition of

2749:

during the late 19th century. Among his many contributions, he is known for having built the

2188: 1449: 1283: 1121: 686: 520:

planks installed vertically in a trench, while the roof was French-inspired and covered with

236: 5582: 2379: 2140:. This architectural style was employed for a variety of purposes, including the storage of 2124:, was once a common architectural feature. The facade of this type of building opens into a 1844:

to gain a deeper understanding of both the deportation and the architecture of that period.

84:, and in recent years, several buildings have been constructed with these findings in mind. 5986: 5909: 5878: 5740: 5606: 5302:(in French). Moncton: Chaire d'études acadiennes, Université de Moncton. pp. 839–840. 5248: 3079: 2957: 2953: 2843: 1944: 1940: 1105: 388: 212: 136: 5594: 2303:

The sea is a significant aspect of Acadian culture. Architectural elements reminiscent of

2157: 1096:

elements, foreshadowing the architectural trends that would emerge in subsequent decades.

367:. The floor was constructed from squared wood, occasionally comprising round logs or even 8: 6043: 6027: 5805: 3061:, in the Southern United States, and form an ethnic group closely linked to the Acadians. 2898: 2176: 2161: 1952: 1771: 1651: 1620: 1430: 854: 336: 252: 200: 168: 67:

construction techniques were employed, primarily to improve house insulation. During the

4725:"Radio-Canada – 29 juin 2005 – L'église de Sainte-Anne-de-Kent détruite par un incendie" 2961: 2742:, while Edgard Courchesnes contributed to the Saint-Jean-Baptiste church in Bouctouche. 4701:(in French). Vol. 4. Société historique de la Vallée de Memramcook. Archived from 3264:

Thériault, Paul (1980). "L'architecture acadienne : Étude de deux maisons types".

2783: 1195:

in Memramcook attracted a congregation of 50,000. This impressive turnout inspired the

844:

The Acadian Renaissance, which spanned from 1840 to 1880, was marked by the opening of

772: 343: 5562: 4781:

Hachey, Steve (26 July 2004). "Le public pourra participer aux fouilles à Grand-Pré".

3248:

La civilisation traditionnelle de l'« habitant » aux xviie et xviiie siècles

462:

room. A ladder led to the attic, where seeds and equipment were stored. A flat-roofed

328: 5945: 5517: 5498: 5479: 5451: 5432: 5413: 5303: 5252: 4630: 4028: 3619: 3594: 3516: 3308: 3223: 2746: 2715: 2218: 2209:

still exist in Newfoundland. These are low-rise buildings constructed with long wood

652: 638: 575: 364: 360: 2765:

One of Samuel Roy's service stations, reproduced here at Village Historique Acadien.

1165: 342:

The shelters and houses constructed during this period were hastily built. In 1761,

139:. Local materials were used, mainly wood and sometimes stone for foundations, while 5955: 5862: 4359: 3567: 3095: 3005: 2922: 2850:

service station, constructed in the 1920s. This structure incorporates elements of

2839: 2809: 2769: 2670: 2545: 2446: 2382:

is believed to have been constructed using wood from a shipwrecked English vessel.

2355: 2184: 2026: 2006: 1980: 1936: 1848: 1705: 1686: 1567: 1177: 1027: 809: 634: 630: 485: 438: 191:, installed horizontally between the framework posts. This technique originated in 3218:

Leblanc, Bernard V.; Leblanc, Ronnie-G (1993). "La culture matérielle acadienne".

6005: 5960: 5868: 5831: 5810: 5733: 3130: 2882: 2431: 2221:. The roofing is covered with sods of grass, clumps of earth covered with grass. 1918: 1682: 787: 591: 504: 498: 380: 80:. Nevertheless, some research is being conducted on existing buildings or during 989:

was the most popular among wealthy families at the time. The house built by the

5873: 5836: 3094:

and the United States. People of Acadian descent are also found in France, the

3074:

is used to refer to the northern and eastern parts of the Canadian province of

2941: 2886: 2225: 1984: 1713: 1492:' masterpieces. One of the most opulent establishments was the Doiron Hotel in 1218:

had broken-neck glass bottles installed in the walls to enhance acoustics. The

945: 863: 656: 647: 450: 352: 332: 192: 158:

Four types of houses were constructed in Acadia at the time. The first was the

152: 5670: 2097: 414:

dowels, are used instead to join the parts; even the hinges are made of wood.

267:

and several stone buildings, including the church. In approximately 1690, the

6037: 5976: 4413: 3075: 2706: 2340: 1983:. Several other municipalities have also adopted similar policies, including 1426: 1188: 949: 890: 756:

joists. The roof was supported by a simple frame, in contrast to the complex

735: 579: 570: 521: 368: 256: 5614: 3949: 1183:

In 1840, following a period of economic and social crisis, the residents of

836: 4702: 4427: 4416:"Les indiens de la grande région de Memramkouke: Trois Rivières-Beaubassin" 4048: 3185: 3013: 2690: 2550:

Interior wall plastering on wooden laths, chimney masonry on wooden laths.

2502: 2336: 2292: 2259:

region, based on techniques learned from the smoke-curing practitioners of

2192: 1871:) and Jacques Boucher (with his firm in Bathurst), Jean Pelletier from the 1868: 1441:

in 1903. The edifice is characterized by a flat roof and is constructed of

961: 957: 898: 875: 849: 825: 660: 587: 442: 372: 208: 159: 121: 2179:

to prevent animals from eating the hay. The structures were discovered in

1987:, where the new cinema draws inspiration from local architectural styles. 1895:

was the first to conduct field studies at the Acadian Historical Village.

1855:(The Old Acadian Houses). This was followed by a surge of interest in the 1422: 881: 402:

The principal tools employed during the construction process included the

227: 5981: 3083: 2976: 2846:'s manor. His most celebrated architectural achievement is the inaugural 2689:

bark was employed to cover exterior walls, a technique borrowed from the

2370: 2260: 2031: 2015: 1504: 1469: 1169: 1026:

century earlier was resumed. In response to the economic downturn of the

965: 939: 714: 690: 312: 1014:, and dormers that disrupt the roofline. With the pervasive adoption of 60:

and, by extension, is employed for architectural purposes in the place.

5883: 5775: 2937: 2847: 2332: 2304: 2240: 2203: 2153: 2141: 2137: 1670: 1235: 1196: 1184: 1073: 664: 276: 216: 34: 5085:(in French). Ottawa: Énergie, Mines et Ressources Canada. p. 169. 2761: 997:

in 1898 is characteristic of the style, featuring a truncated roof, a

561: 5615:"Village Historique Acadien de Rivière-du-Nord, au Nouveau-Brunswick" 5514:

Atlantic Modern: The Architecture of the Atlantic Provinces 1950-2000

3058: 2996: 2655:

A Montreal decoration made from driftwood, rope, a lantern and a net.

2288: 2145: 2109:

Some architectural structures are distinctive to the Acadian region.

931: 718: 613: 509: 481: 463: 454: 376: 172: 5445: 5298:

Laurette, Patrick (1993). "Aspects historiques de l'art en Acadie".

5193: 3588: 3001: 2643:

L'Étang-du-Nord church, said to have been built from shipwreck wood.

1693:, the city's fourth tallest building at 75 meters, erected in 1955. 1582:

La Boîte-Théâtre, the only vestige of the Robin company in Caraquet.

1191:

constructed new, substantial churches. At its inauguration in 1855,

537: 5858: 5410:

Les Îles de la Madeleine, vie matérielle et sociale de l'en premier

5221: 4355:

Table ronde : l'architecture acadienne d'hier et d'aujourd'hui

3563:

Table ronde : l'architecture acadienne d'hier et d'aujourd'hui

3099: 2988: 2890: 2824: 2820: 2555: 2469: 2320: 2263:. However, some artisanal installations still exist, especially in 1816: 1663: 1536: 1532: 1508: 1223: 1007: 935: 907: 821: 817: 805: 757: 697: 426: 407: 264: 196: 49: 5220:(in French). Vol. 12. Ville de Caraquet. 2007. Archived from 311:

The Maison Martin was built in 1770 by Jean-Balthazar Martin near

307: 5706: 5686: 3086:. In a broader sense, the term "Acadia" is also used to refer to 3009: 2933: 2932:

The first Acadian architecture firms were established in 1954 in

2866: 2316: 2280: 2252: 2196: 2129: 2036: 1836:, both in Nova Scotia. Excavations are currently underway at the 1674: 1658:

in Caraquet, constructed in 1978 to serve as the headquarters of

1551: 1457: 1438: 1141: 998: 994: 973: 942:, which were similar in design to the houses of other Americans. 911: 867: 797: 753: 730: 701: 601: 590:

and enabling the construction of more permanent houses. By 1840,

583: 517: 422: 396: 251:

and a reliance on drums or shells for summoning parishioners. At

4652:

La France et le Canada – Rapport en Syndicat maritime et fluvial

2677:

cultivation, which was employed for various purposes, including

1421:

The 19th century saw the industrialization of fishing, with the

1168:

exemplify the integration of multiple architectural styles. The

346:

observed that after an attack on their village, the Acadians of

76:

architecture, making it challenging to define a typical Acadian

5950: 5846: 5770: 5756: 4877:

Construction d'une réplique de l'ancienne gare de Saint-Quentin

3222:(in French). Moncton: Chaire d'études acadiennes. p. 627. 3120:

The "godendard" is a particularly large saw used by carpenters.

3091: 3054: 2992: 2797: 2719: 2666: 2359: 2328: 2248: 2244: 2214: 2206: 2172: 2121: 2010: 1907: 1717: 1528: 1513: 1227: 1173: 982: 969: 954: 871: 642: 625: 596: 489: 475: 57: 53: 6021: 5638: 4810:

Hachey, Steve (1 August 2004). "À la recherche d'une église".

4027:. Comments by John H. Lawrence. Harry N. Abrams. p. 148. 3613: 934:

was constructed in 1911. After this, the Cajuns erected brick

641:. The inhabitants of the region were generally referred to as 549: 16:

Traditional style of architecture used by Acadians and Cajuns.

5841: 5635:"Village Historique Acadien de Pobomcoup, en Nouvelle-Écosse" 3513:

De Grand-Pré à Kouchibouguac: l'histoire d'un peuple exploité

3418:"Historical-geographical documents relating to New Brunswick" 2823:, were the first to pursue higher studies in architecture in 2686: 2678: 2489: 2363: 2312: 2125: 2039:

windows are inspired by rural architecture in New Brunswick.

1865:

Social and Architectural Aspects of Acadians in New Brunswick

1540: 1473: 1442: 1011: 740: 605: 512:

leaves. The second generation of houses was generally of the

493: 384: 240: 183:, made of earth and straw, all held in place by posts called 140: 5655:"Le Village de l'Acadie, Mont-Carmel, Île-du-Prince-Édouard" 4874:

Paulin-Grondin, Sylvie (6 April 2004). "L'Acadie Nouvelle".

3471:(in French). Moncton: Édition des Aboiteaux. pp. 46–47. 3349:

Thériault, Fidèle (1998). "La première chapelle de Néguac".

2745:

The Acadian Eucher Duguay was a prominent contractor in the

2701: 2619:

A lighthouse-like house with a sheltered façade in Caraquet.

671: 557:

and moved to the VHA. Note the corner cupboard on the right.

147:

techniques to insulate their homes. One such method was the

2913:. Elide Albert, born in 1939 in Caraquet and a graduate of 2873:

and numerous churches in New Brunswick, including those in

2682: 2674: 2569: 2436:

Lime whitewash for wood and mortar, interior and exterior.

2308: 2133: 1520: 1476:

that overhang on each side, supported by decorative wooden

1001:

on two sides, an octagonal tower, and projecting bays. The

458: 446: 418: 248: 5658: 1749:

Panorama of Moncton, with Assomption Square in the center.

143:

were rare. By the late 17th century, Acadians had adopted

5725: 3303:

Lebreton, Clarence (1982). "Material Culture in Acadia".

1685:, which stands at 11 stories. Another notable example is 1524: 1015: 411: 4518:

Revue d'histoire de la Société historique Nicholas-Denys

3351:

Revue d'histoire de la Société historique Nicholas-Denys

3266:

Revue d'histoire de la Société historique Nicholas-Denys

1951:

in St. Martinville. The Village de l'Acadie, located in

1546:

During the first half of the 20th century, shops with a

633:

was colonized from 1785 onwards by Acadians, as well as

118:, which was rebuilt using the same architectural model. 5687:"Village Historique Acadien de Lafayette, en Louisiane" 1594:

An elaborate example of a boomtown parapet in Caraquet.

4414:

Société historique de la Vallée de Memramcook (1988).

3614:

Landry, Nicolas; Histoire de l'Acadie, Nicole (2001).

2398:

Riparian materials traditionally used in construction

608:

and rectangular barns with very gently sloping roofs.

44:, also known as Cadien architecture, is a traditional 2734:, which is regarded as one of the finest examples of 6017: 3307:. Moncton: Chaire d'études acadiennes. p. 432. 3178:"Encyclopedia of Acadian Life: Acadian Architecture" 2631:

An Anse-Bleue house decorated with a maritime theme.

379:. The chimney could be constructed from fieldstone, 215:. By 1704, Port-Royal had only one brick house, the 87: 5667:"Village Historique Acadien de Van Buren, au Maine" 4627:

Field Guide to New England Barns and Farm Buildings

1554:facade were particularly prevalent in rural areas. 195:and was likely imported by Abraham Dugas, who left 4025:Creoles houses: traditional homes of Old Louisiana 1973: 1046:Interior of the Thériault house, built in 1890 in 831: 2987:Architecture plays a significant role in Acadian 2307:can be observed in various structures, including 663:construction techniques, particularly the use of 484:. Over a few years, they adopted elements of the 291: 6035: 4352:LeBlanc, Maurice. "Le Congrès mondial acadien". 3560:Leblanc, Bernard. "Le Congrès mondial acadien". 2865:In the 20th century, René-Arthur Fréchette from 2018:, particularly in terms of its pyramidal roofs. 578:. The houses were still low, and some still had 553:Interior of the Cyr farmhouse, built in 1831 in 37:service station, designed by Samuel Roy in 1939. 5915:Collège de Technologie forestière des Maritimes 4320:"La Vieille Église de Saint-Henri-de-Barachois" 3250:(in French). Montreal: Fidès. pp. 307–308. 3036:List of historic places in Prince Edward Island 2270: 2224:Continuous dwellings are most prevalent in the 1875:, and a team of historians. The research group 1650:This era is distinguished by the prevalence of 1352:Saint-Jean-Baptiste church in Miscouche (1892). 1124:(1890) and the Immaculate Conception Church in 655:. The second was the doghead technique or half- 5450:(in French). Les Éditions de la Francophonie. 4873: 4756: 4156: 4125: 3593:(in French). Les Éditions de la Francophonie. 3495: 3287: 3217: 1298:Saint-Thomas de Memramcook church (1840–1855). 480:Approximately 3,000 Acadians were deported to 5741: 5446:Équipe du Village historique acadien (2003). 5251:: Format Publishing Company. pp. 65–71. 4624: 4600: 3589:Équipe du Village historique acadien (2003). 3515:(in French). Moncton: Les Éditions d'Acadie. 2819:(1864–1942) and Henri Dugas, originally from 524:. The floor was always made of packed earth. 4516:"Le capitaine James Godin de Petit Rocher". 3469:Chéticamp, Histoire et Traditions acadiennes 3078:, as well as to more isolated localities in 2464:Wood and other material covering, caulking. 2451:Wood and other material covering, caulking. 968:. A frequent decoration at the time was the 948:posits that late 19th-century houses in the 840:A simple Gothic Revival house in Anse-Bleue. 429:or bowls filled with cod or elderberry oil. 3911:Revue de la Société historique du Madawaska 3175: 3057:, also known as Acadians, reside mainly in 2535:Roof covering, wall siding, wall caulking. 2523:Roof covering, wall siding, wall caulking. 1966:The proposed historical village project at 1721:churches. Other places of worship, such as 5900:Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick 5748: 5734: 5497:(in French). McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 5325:"Enseignement de l'architecture au Canada" 5242: 4695:Cormier, Yves (1991). "Notre Patrimoine". 4022: 3901: 3424:. Vol. 2. p. 368. Archived from 2995:Acadians involved the father installing a 2925:Eco-park and contributed to the design of 2773:University of Montreal, by Ernest Cormier. 1879:(Discovering Acadian Dwellings), from the 586:were constructed, facilitating the use of 445:. These planks were caulked with moss and 5537: 5245:Wolfville and Prand Pré, past and present 5187: 4831: 4113: 4101: 3947: 3904:"L'installation: construction d'un logis" 3348: 3263: 2899:École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts 2702:Works by English and Quebecois architects 2148:, the construction of animal shelters in 1877:À la découverte de l'habitation acadienne 1128:(constructed in 1877, enlarged in 1910). 1116:. In addition, some churches adopted the 1067: 5407: 5297: 5119: 5095: 4966: 4768: 4744: 4649: 4612: 4082: 3860: 3784: 3772: 3757: 3668: 3653: 3638: 3481: 3466: 3449: 3403: 3302: 2975: 2815:In contrast to Léon Léger, the brothers 2768: 2760: 2705: 2673:. Their traditional economy is based on 2291:. Some buildings are decorated with the 2279: 2096: 1917: 1820:Archaeological excavations at Grand-Pré. 1815: 1503:resemble those of Anglophone farmers in 1464:style is evident in small stations. The 1416: 880: 835: 786: 670: 560: 548: 536: 327:commenced in June 1755 with the fall of 306: 286: 226: 120: 96: 20: 5669:(in French and English). Archived from 5511: 5352: 5350: 5080: 4939: 4924: 4694: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3618:(in French). Septentrion. p. 135. 2738:in Acadia. Thomas Raymond designed the 2116:(sheltered facade camp), also known as 1957:Acadian Historical Village of Pobomcoup 1859:project and an increase in research on 1712:in 1886. The church was nicknamed the " 1496:, which was destroyed by fire in 1961. 532: 527: 263:. This fort was surrounded by a wooden 6036: 5426: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5149: 5107: 5068: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4962: 4960: 4951: 4935: 4933: 4843: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4809: 4780: 4740: 4738: 4596: 4594: 4533: 4531: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4460: 4448: 4409: 4407: 4347: 4345: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4137: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4005: 4001: 3999: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3872: 3856: 3854: 3841: 3839: 3826: 3824: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3796: 3768: 3766: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3664: 3662: 3649: 3647: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3538: 3534: 3532: 3506: 3504: 3491: 3489: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3415: 3367: 3334: 3245: 3156: 1913: 1641: 1310:Sainte-Anne de Beaumont chapel (1842). 693:residences, with white-painted edges, 565:Grand-Pré willows, early 20th century. 351:squared wood pieces were joined using 5729: 5467:Les bâtiments anciens de la Mer Rouge 4474:"Église Notre-Dame de l'Annonciation" 4392:from the original on 23 February 2011 4180:from the original on 23 February 2011 3445: 3443: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3344: 3342: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3298: 3296: 3182:Acadian-Cajun Genealogy & History 2756: 2511:Roof covering, exterior wall siding. 2243:is a small building constructed from 2092: 2063:Caraquet cooperative service station. 1922:View of the historic Acadian village. 1811: 1407:Saint-Simon and Saint-Jude church in 862:most popular construction method was 399:, and the gently sloping gable roof. 302: 171:were built this way and covered with 5621:from the original on 3 November 2021 5492: 5473: 5464: 5347: 3990: 3978: 3960:from the original on 11 October 2008 3956:. University of Maine at Fort Kent. 3902:Desjardins, Georgette (April 1989). 3845: 3830: 3815: 3510: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3259: 3257: 3241: 3239: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 1691:Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral 852:, and the founding of the newspaper 219:' house, which was French-inspired. 92: 5083:Geographical Names of New Brunswick 5057: 5038: 4957: 4930: 4818: 4735: 4591: 4528: 4496: 4404: 4351: 4342: 4143: 4088: 4071: 4011: 3996: 3932: 3920:from the original on 7 October 2013 3890: 3851: 3836: 3821: 3802: 3763: 3732: 3707: 3674: 3659: 3644: 3559: 3544: 3529: 3501: 3486: 3455: 2907:Technical University of Nova Scotia 1322:Saint-Augustin church, Paquetville. 1180:serving as a notable illustration. 616:was also produced from newspapers. 432: 375:, and the walls were later clad in 129: 13: 5273:"Images Montréal – Ernest Cormier" 3440: 3390: 3339: 3321: 3293: 2901:in Paris, is the architect of the 2792:. He studied various art forms at 2726:stands out as the designer of the 2251:boards used for preparing boucané 2132:results from the extension of the 1806: 1761:Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague Church in 812:), where Marquis Louis-Nicolas de 14: 6065: 5713:from the original on 21 June 2024 5551: 4023:Gross, Steve; Daley, Sue (2007). 3276: 3254: 3236: 3200: 3162: 3082:, Newfoundland and Labrador, and 3026:Architecture in the United States 2710:Saint-Pierre church in Chéticamp. 1851:published the inaugural article, 930:The final Acadian-style house in 885:O. Turgeon Home Show, at the VHA. 791:"Acadian Line" house in Archigny. 88:Colonial architecture (1604–1755) 6020: 6001: 6000: 5693:from the original on 14 May 2024 5386: 5374: 5362: 5322: 5316: 5291: 5265: 5236: 5208: 5181: 5155: 5143: 5125: 4906:from the original on 4 July 2008 4059:from the original on 10 May 2024 3422:New Brunswick Historical Society 2903:Supreme Court building of Canada 2777:The first Acadian architect was 2648: 2636: 2624: 2612: 2600: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2044: 1838:Grand-Pré National Historic Site 1794: 1782: 1770: 1754: 1742: 1629: 1611: 1599: 1587: 1575: 1559: 1400: 1384: 1372: 1357: 1345: 1327: 1315: 1303: 1291: 1275: 1259: 1243: 1055: 1039: 5469:(in French). Moncton: M. Henry. 5431:(in French). Montreal: Leméac. 5412:(in French). Montreal: Leméac. 5401: 5279:from the original on 4 May 2023 5113: 5101: 5089: 5074: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4972: 4945: 4918: 4888: 4867: 4849: 4837: 4803: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4717: 4688: 4658: 4643: 4629:(in French). UPNE. p. 97. 4618: 4606: 4561: 4466: 4454: 4442: 4374: 4312: 4282: 4252: 4222: 4192: 4162: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4041: 3984: 3972: 3878: 3866: 3790: 3778: 3632: 3607: 3582: 3475: 3409: 3361: 3123: 3114: 2607:Fishermen's huts in Natashquan. 1974:Challenging modern architecture 1853:Les vieilles maisons acadiennes 1456:, designed its stations in its 1222:chapel subsequently became the 832:Acadian Renaissance (1840–1880) 279:, indicating its significance. 5531: 5429:Histoire populaire de l'Acadie 4625:Durant Visser, Thomas (1997). 3150: 3138:would be an old Acadian house. 3105: 3064: 3047: 2156:camps in New Brunswick and in 2075:The Super 8 hotel in Caraquet. 1889:Histoire populaire de l'Acadie 1842:Saint-Charles-des-Mines Church 1488:, which is regarded as one of 1365:Sainte-Anne du Ruisseau church 1172:style, which was prevalent in 1136:examples like Sainte-Agnès in 1120:, including Saint-Ambroise in 707: 292:Precarious habitat (1755–1784) 269:Saint-Charles-des-Mines Church 1: 5544:National Film Board of Canada 3305:The Acadians of the Maritimes 3144: 2806:Immaculate Conception Convent 2800:but focused on architectural 2788:(1848–1918), originally from 2696: 2311:shelters, birdhouses, garden 1943:and the Acadian Village near 1723:Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens Church 1226:of the new church, while the 281:Saint-Joseph-des-Mines Church 233:Musée Culturel du Mont-Carmel 101:Sainte-Croix Island dwelling. 5427:Dupont, Jean-Claude (1978). 5167:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 5020:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4670:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4573:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4543:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4478:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4386:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4382:"Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste" 4324:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4294:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4264:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4260:"Maison Olivier M. Melanson" 4234:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4204:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 4174:Lieux patrimoniaux du Canada 2271:Influence of the environment 1789:Place de l'Acadie, Caraquet. 938:on concrete foundations, or 925: 619: 469: 371:. The roof was covered with 319:de la Rivière-du-Nord (VHA). 7: 5657:(in French). Archived from 5637:(in French). Archived from 5605:(in French). Archived from 5593:(in French). Archived from 5581:(in French). Archived from 5561:(in French). Archived from 5331:(in French). Archived from 5192:(in French). Archived from 5135:(in French). Archived from 5022:(in French). Archived from 4880:(in French). Archived from 4859:(in French). Archived from 4787:(in French). Archived from 4727:(in French). Archived from 4672:(in French). Archived from 4575:(in French). Archived from 4545:(in French). Archived from 4480:(in French). Archived from 4358:(in French). Archived from 4326:(in French). Archived from 4296:(in French). Archived from 4266:(in French). Archived from 4236:(in French). Archived from 4206:(in French). Archived from 3566:(in French). Archived from 3374:(in French). Archived from 3184:(in French). Archived from 3019: 2971: 2893:native and graduate of the 2299:and other cultural symbols. 2152:, and the establishment of 1873:Madawaska Historical Museum 1140:(erected in 1885). Several 1104:elements, such as those in 355:, a technique derived from 325:deportation of the Acadians 222: 69:deportation of the Acadians 10: 6070: 5816:Royal Proclamation of 2003 5755: 5603:"Habitation de Port-Royal" 5579:"Forteresse de Louisbourg" 5538:Arsenault, Bettie (1985). 5408:Chiasson, Anselme (1981). 5243:Cuthberson, Brian (1996). 4757:Leblanc & Leblanc 1993 4157:Leblanc & Leblanc 1993 4126:Leblanc & Leblanc 1993 4049:"La Ferme Musée Acadienne" 3496:Leblanc & Leblanc 1993 3467:Chiasson, Anselme (1961). 3416:Ganong, William F (1905). 3288:Leblanc & Leblanc 1993 2947: 2751:Sainte-Rose-de-Lima church 2120:and comparable to a Swiss 1949:Acadian Historical Village 1928:Acadian Historical Village 1902:In the United States, the 1881:Centre d'études acadiennes 1857:Acadian Historical Village 1840:, to uncover the ruins of 1702:Sainte-Anne-de-Kent Church 1681:opened in 1963, including 1618:Printing of the newspaper 1270:chapel in Caraquet (1818). 1148:, such as Saint-Pierre de 623: 473: 317:Village historique acadien 295: 82:archaeological excavations 5995: 5969: 5938: 5920:UNI Financial Cooperation 5892: 5824: 5763: 5540:Bateau bleu, maison verte 5493:Cook, Jane Leigh (2001). 5016:"Boucanière Willie Niles" 4539:"Édifice Poirier Gallant" 4170:"Maison Albertine Basque" 3176:Hebert, Tim (1997–1999). 2722:architects. Among these, 2685:was also used similarly. 2660: 1961:Philippe Mius d'Entremont 1660:UNI Financial Cooperation 1021:The establishment of the 824:twigs, and formed into a 782: 508:), with roofs covered in 298:Expulsion of the Acadians 125:Habitation at Port-Royal. 5559:"Établissement Melanson" 5512:Mannell, Steven (2004). 4230:"Maison Alcide Ferguson" 4200:"Maison du Dr Bourgeois" 3954:Acadian culture in Maine 3041: 2936:(Leblanc et Gaudet) and 2369:In coastal regions, old 1062:Château d'Acadie (1939). 991:Olivier-Maximin Melanson 313:Sainte-Anne-des-Pays-Bas 259:constructed his fort at 116:Habitation at Port-Royal 48:of architecture used by 5516:. Halifax: Tuns Press. 5329:Encyclopédie canadienne 5163:"Paroisse Saint-Pierre" 3090:communities located in 2921:, is the author of the 2869:designed the Grand-Pré 2528:Hay from dyked meadows 2343:, where the village of 1963:'s seigniorial castle. 1904:French Heritage Society 1570:butter factory in 1900. 1452:, and subsequently the 1252:Church of Sainte-Cécile 820:, mixed with water and 449:. The houses exhibited 6049:Architecture in Canada 5930:Université Sainte-Anne 5854:Acadian World Congress 5300:L'Acadie des Maritimes 5081:Rayburn, Alan (1975). 3950:"Maine Acadian Houses" 3714:Le Site Web Évangéline 3246:Séguin, R.-L. (1967). 3220:L'Acadie des Maritimes 3031:Architecture of Quebec 2984: 2966:University of Montreal 2919:University of Montreal 2895:Polytechnique Montréal 2774: 2766: 2736:Quebecois architecture 2711: 2578:Exterior wall siding. 2564:Exterior wall siding. 2300: 2275: 2217:, resting securely on 2106: 2087:Saint-Quentin station. 2051:Caraquet fire station. 2005:The Eco-Center of the 1923: 1861:Quebecois architecture 1821: 1698:Second Vatican Council 1338:Sacred Heart Cathedral 1282:Saint-Anselme church, 1068:Religious architecture 1023:Canadian Confederation 886: 841: 802:Saint-Pierre de Maillé 792: 676: 675:The Cyr farm dwelling. 651:technique, which used 566: 558: 546: 320: 244: 126: 102: 38: 5925:Université de Moncton 5542:(Movie) (in French). 5448:Les Défricheurs d'eau 4900:HousePlansAndMore.com 4896:"Acadian House Plans" 3591:Les Défricheurs d'eau 2979: 2772: 2764: 2709: 2283: 2114:camp à façade abritée 2100: 1970:did not materialize. 1921: 1887:(Rural Dwellings) in 1819: 1801:Commerce in Caraquet. 1679:University of Moncton 1450:Intercolonial Railway 1417:Industrial revolution 1379:Saint-Bernard church. 1268:Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage 884: 839: 790: 674: 564: 552: 543:Village-des-Mazerolle 540: 310: 287:Domestic architecture 230: 124: 100: 56:. It is prevalent in 24: 5987:Prince Edward Island 5879:National Acadian Day 5609:on 24 February 2011. 5597:on 24 February 2011. 5585:on 24 February 2011. 5465:Brun, Régis (1988). 5139:on 23 February 2011. 4884:on 23 February 2011. 4863:on 23 February 2011. 4731:on 23 February 2011. 4650:Agostini, E (1886). 3616:Histoire de l'Acadie 3511:Brun, Régis (1982). 3080:Prince Edward Island 2954:Dalhousie University 2844:Kenneth Colin Irving 2836:Sainte-Marie-de-Kent 2740:Saint-Isidore church 2228:, as well as in the 1669:The construction of 1606:Château Albert, VHA. 1220:Richibouctou-Village 972:installed under the 846:Collège Saint-Joseph 528:Recovery (1784–1840) 213:timber-framed houses 203:inside, leaving the 137:timber-framed houses 109:. The habitation on 107:Pierre Dugua de Mons 42:Acadian architecture 6028:architecture portal 5771:Acadia (New France) 5673:on 5 September 2019 5565:on 24 February 2007 5335:on 24 February 2011 5196:on 23 February 2011 4791:on 23 February 2011 4666:"Magasin du corner" 4426:(2). Archived from 4210:on 23 February 2011 3428:on 18 February 2018 3378:on 23 February 2011 3188:on 10 February 2009 3004:. In the region of 2927:Pays de la Sagouine 2728:Saint-Pierre church 2399: 2023:Pays de la Sagouine 1914:Historical villages 1834:Bellisle Settlement 1830:Melanson Settlement 1735:Saint-Louis-de-Kent 1696:In the wake of the 1652:modern architecture 1642:Modern architecture 1621:Le Moniteur Acadien 1193:Saint-Thomas Church 1110:Sainte-Marie Church 1030:, villages such as 1010:with a steep cross 978:René-Arthur Fréchet 855:Le Moniteur Acadien 653:tenons and mortises 492:. Some established 387:walls, an exterior 271:was constructed in 5825:People and culture 5641:on 30 October 2013 5474:Katz, Ron (2004). 4601:Durant Visser 1997 4430:on 23 January 2009 4362:on 1 November 2004 4290:"Château d'Acadie" 3948:Collectif (1994). 3570:on 1 November 2004 2985: 2915:St. Joseph College 2794:St. Joseph College 2775: 2767: 2757:Acadian architects 2712: 2397: 2301: 2107: 2093:Distinct buildings 1924: 1822: 1812:Architecture study 1704:, designed in the 1683:Lafrance Residence 1636:Riordon Mill, VHA. 950:Maritime provinces 887: 848:, the election of 842: 793: 773:American Civil War 677: 567: 559: 547: 533:Maritime provinces 344:Gamaliel Smethurst 321: 303:Maritime provinces 245: 127: 111:Saint Croix Island 103: 39: 6054:Culture of Quebec 6015: 6014: 5946:Acadian Peninsula 5910:L'Acadie Nouvelle 5504:978-0-7735-2056-1 5485:978-2-87868-076-8 5457:978-2-923016-14-6 5438:978-2-7609-5278-2 5419:978-2-7609-5293-5 5224:on 29 August 2016 4812:L'Acadie nouvelle 4784:L'Acadie nouvelle 4569:"Gare de Shédiac" 4524:(1): 53–68. 2002. 4034:978-0-8109-5495-3 3913:(in French): 10. 3371:L'Acadie Nouvelle 2860:Queen Anne styles 2747:Acadian Peninsula 2596: 2595: 2589:kiln-fired brick 2458:mud, animal hair 2234:Baie-Sainte-Marie 2029:'s literary work 2021:In addition, the 1947:, as well as the 1893:Clarence LeBreton 1885:Habitation rurale 1777:Dieppe town hall. 1462:Arts & Crafts 1454:Canadian National 1425:fishing bank and 1205:Saint-Anne Chapel 1050:and moved to VHA. 639:English Canadians 576:English Canadians 545:and moved to VHA. 315:and moved to the 93:Early settlements 33:in 1906, and the 6061: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6004: 6003: 5956:French Canadians 5905:Collège de l'Île 5801:Military history 5750: 5743: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5707:"Vermillonville" 5702: 5700: 5698: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5662: 5661:on 18 July 2014. 5650: 5648: 5646: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5610: 5598: 5586: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5547: 5527: 5508: 5489: 5470: 5461: 5442: 5423: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5185: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5133:"Chant d'Acadie" 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5110:, pp. 35–36 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5055: 5049: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4993:, pp. 66–68 4988: 4982: 4981:, pp. 58–59 4976: 4970: 4969:, pp. 73–76 4964: 4955: 4954:, pp. 66–67 4949: 4943: 4937: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4892: 4886: 4885: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4816: 4815: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4535: 4526: 4525: 4513: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4141: 4140:, pp. 53–55 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4086: 4080: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4020: 4009: 4008:, pp. 60–65 4003: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3945: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3919: 3908: 3899: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3875:, pp. 73–74 3870: 3864: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3819: 3818:, pp. 53–55 3813: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3761: 3755: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3720:on 2 August 2009 3716:. Archived from 3705: 3672: 3666: 3657: 3651: 3642: 3641:, pp. 17–20 3636: 3630: 3629: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3557: 3542: 3536: 3527: 3526: 3508: 3499: 3493: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3464: 3453: 3447: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3346: 3337: 3332: 3319: 3318: 3300: 3291: 3285: 3274: 3273: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3215: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3173: 3160: 3159:, pp. 56–58 3154: 3139: 3127: 3121: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3096:Falkland Islands 3088:Acadian diaspora 3068: 3062: 3051: 2962:Laval University 2787: 2716:English-Canadian 2652: 2640: 2628: 2616: 2604: 2546:hollow-core slab 2497:Exterior paint. 2481:Interior paint. 2400: 2396: 2356:Magdalen Islands 2339:and in northern 2185:Magdalen Islands 2118:casque à palette 2084: 2072: 2060: 2048: 2027:Antonine Maillet 1849:Anselme Chiasson 1798: 1786: 1774: 1758: 1746: 1706:Neo-Gothic style 1687:Assumption Place 1633: 1615: 1603: 1591: 1579: 1563: 1404: 1388: 1376: 1361: 1349: 1340:, built in 1886. 1331: 1319: 1307: 1295: 1279: 1263: 1250:Interior of the 1247: 1130:Romanesque-style 1059: 1043: 1028:Great Depression 1003:Neo-Gothic style 987:Queen Anne style 916:neo-Gothic style 814:Pérusse des Cars 810:Bonneuil-Matours 682:Saint John River 635:French Canadians 569:The province of 486:Louisiana Creole 439:Magdalen Islands 433:Magdalen Islands 235:Acadian site in 149:poteaux en terre 130:Houses and farms 6069: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6034: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6016: 6011: 5991: 5965: 5961:French diaspora 5934: 5888: 5869:Acadian cuisine 5832:Acadia (region) 5820: 5811:Robert Monckton 5796:General history 5759: 5754: 5716: 5714: 5705: 5696: 5694: 5685: 5676: 5674: 5665: 5653: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5624: 5622: 5613: 5601: 5589: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5557: 5554: 5534: 5524: 5505: 5486: 5458: 5439: 5420: 5404: 5399: 5391: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5271: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5188:Musée du Kent. 5186: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5079: 5075: 5067: 5058: 5050: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5026:on 4 March 2016 5014: 5013: 5009: 5001: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4958: 4950: 4946: 4938: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4872: 4868: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4842: 4838: 4830: 4819: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4755: 4751: 4743: 4736: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4708: 4706: 4705:on 3 March 2016 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4676:on 9 March 2014 4664: 4663: 4659: 4648: 4644: 4637: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4579:on 4 March 2016 4567: 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4549:on 9 March 2014 4537: 4536: 4529: 4515: 4514: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4484:on 9 March 2014 4472: 4471: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4412: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4350: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4330:on 4 March 2016 4318: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4300:on 9 March 2014 4288: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4270:on 9 March 2014 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4240:on 9 March 2014 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4089: 4081: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4053:12 January 2009 4047: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4021: 4012: 4004: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3963: 3961: 3946: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3906: 3900: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3852: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3822: 3814: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3764: 3756: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3675: 3667: 3660: 3652: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3558: 3545: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3509: 3502: 3494: 3487: 3480: 3476: 3465: 3456: 3448: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3366: 3362: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3322: 3315: 3301: 3294: 3286: 3277: 3262: 3255: 3244: 3237: 3230: 3216: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3174: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3131:Annapolis Royal 3129:Some houses in 3128: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3106: 3069: 3065: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3022: 2974: 2950: 2923:Bouctouche Dune 2889:(1885–1980), a 2871:memorial church 2781: 2759: 2704: 2699: 2663: 2656: 2653: 2644: 2641: 2632: 2629: 2620: 2617: 2608: 2605: 2488:red earth, red 2443:water and sand 2380:L'Étang-du-Nord 2278: 2273: 2150:Saint-Théophile 2095: 2088: 2085: 2076: 2073: 2064: 2061: 2052: 2049: 2007:Bouctouche Dune 1976: 1932:Rivière-du-Nord 1916: 1826:Acadian history 1814: 1809: 1807:Back to origins 1802: 1799: 1790: 1787: 1778: 1775: 1766: 1759: 1750: 1747: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1604: 1595: 1592: 1583: 1580: 1571: 1564: 1466:Shediac station 1419: 1412: 1405: 1396: 1389: 1380: 1377: 1368: 1362: 1353: 1350: 1341: 1332: 1323: 1320: 1311: 1308: 1299: 1296: 1287: 1280: 1271: 1264: 1255: 1248: 1118:Byzantine style 1090:Neo-Renaissance 1070: 1063: 1060: 1051: 1044: 928: 834: 785: 727:St. Martinville 710: 695:neo-Greek-style 628: 622: 535: 530: 505:poteau en terre 499:poteau-sur-sole 478: 472: 451:dovetail joints 435: 381:wattle and daub 353:dovetail joints 337:self-sufficient 329:Fort Beauséjour 305: 300: 294: 289: 225: 164:piece-sur-piece 132: 95: 90: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6067: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6032: 6031: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6009: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5856: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5837:Acadian French 5834: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5703: 5683: 5663: 5651: 5631: 5611: 5599: 5587: 5575: 5553: 5552:External links 5550: 5549: 5548: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5522: 5509: 5503: 5490: 5484: 5471: 5462: 5456: 5443: 5437: 5424: 5418: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5385: 5373: 5361: 5346: 5315: 5308: 5290: 5264: 5257: 5235: 5207: 5180: 5154: 5142: 5124: 5112: 5100: 5088: 5073: 5056: 5037: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4956: 4944: 4929: 4917: 4887: 4866: 4848: 4836: 4832:Thériault 1980 4817: 4802: 4773: 4761: 4749: 4734: 4716: 4687: 4657: 4642: 4635: 4617: 4605: 4590: 4560: 4527: 4495: 4465: 4453: 4441: 4403: 4373: 4341: 4311: 4281: 4251: 4221: 4191: 4161: 4142: 4130: 4118: 4114:Thériault 1980 4106: 4102:Thériault 1980 4087: 4070: 4040: 4033: 4010: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3931: 3889: 3877: 3865: 3850: 3835: 3820: 3801: 3789: 3777: 3762: 3731: 3710:"Architecture" 3708:Edwards, Jay. 3673: 3658: 3643: 3631: 3624: 3606: 3599: 3581: 3543: 3528: 3521: 3500: 3485: 3474: 3454: 3439: 3408: 3389: 3360: 3338: 3320: 3313: 3292: 3275: 3253: 3235: 3228: 3199: 3161: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3140: 3122: 3113: 3104: 3063: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3021: 3018: 2973: 2970: 2949: 2946: 2942:Claude Roussel 2887:Ernest Cormier 2829:Château Albert 2758: 2755: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2543: 2542:mud and water 2540: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2414:Transformation 2411: 2406: 2295:, Gabriel and 2287:lighthouse in 2285:Île du Portage 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2226:Chaleur Region 2169:baraque à foin 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2043: 2014:structures in 1985:Cap-aux-Meules 1975: 1972: 1941:Vermilionville 1915: 1912: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1769: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1741: 1714:Sistine Chapel 1643: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1628: 1626: 1617: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1574: 1572: 1565: 1558: 1486:Château Albert 1418: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1406: 1399: 1397: 1395:chapel (1936). 1390: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1371: 1369: 1363: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1333: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1290: 1288: 1281: 1274: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1256: 1249: 1242: 1166:Lamèque Island 1158:Pobomcoup-West 1144:churches were 1126:Pobomcoup-East 1069: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1054: 1052: 1045: 1038: 946:Pascal Poirier 927: 924: 864:timber framing 833: 830: 784: 781: 709: 706: 648:post-and-plank 624:Main article: 621: 618: 580:earthen floors 534: 531: 529: 526: 474:Main article: 471: 468: 434: 431: 304: 301: 293: 290: 288: 285: 224: 221: 193:Upper Normandy 153:dovetail joint 131: 128: 94: 91: 89: 86: 29:, designed by 27:Château Albert 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6066: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6029: 6023: 6018: 6008: 6007: 5998: 5997: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5977:New Brunswick 5975: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5620: 5617:(in French). 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5525: 5523:0-929112-47-4 5519: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5405: 5394: 5389: 5382: 5377: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5353: 5351: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5323:Polo, Marco. 5319: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5260: 5258:0-88780-360-1 5254: 5250: 5247:(in French). 5246: 5239: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5151: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5121: 5120:Chiasson 1981 5116: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5096:Chiasson 1981 5092: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5053: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5004: 4999: 4992: 4987: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4967:Chiasson 1981 4963: 4961: 4953: 4948: 4941: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4921: 4905: 4902:(in French). 4901: 4897: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4878: 4870: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4845: 4840: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4813: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4777: 4771:, p. 432 4770: 4769:Lebreton 1982 4765: 4759:, p. 628 4758: 4753: 4747:, p. 429 4746: 4745:Lebreton 1982 4741: 4739: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4691: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4653: 4646: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4621: 4615:, p. 448 4614: 4613:Lebreton 1982 4609: 4602: 4597: 4595: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4532: 4523: 4520:(in French). 4519: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4462: 4457: 4450: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4422:(in French). 4421: 4417: 4410: 4408: 4391: 4388:(in French). 4387: 4383: 4377: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4348: 4346: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4179: 4176:(in French). 4175: 4171: 4165: 4159:, p. 636 4158: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4139: 4134: 4128:, p. 635 4127: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4085:, p. 440 4084: 4083:Lebreton 1982 4079: 4077: 4075: 4058: 4055:(in French). 4054: 4050: 4044: 4036: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3886: 3881: 3874: 3869: 3863:, p. 444 3862: 3861:Lebreton 1982 3857: 3855: 3847: 3842: 3840: 3832: 3827: 3825: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3798: 3793: 3787:, p. 436 3786: 3785:Lebreton 1982 3781: 3775:, p. 437 3774: 3773:Lebreton 1982 3769: 3767: 3760:, p. 438 3759: 3758:Lebreton 1982 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3670: 3669:Chiasson 1981 3665: 3663: 3655: 3654:Chiasson 1981 3650: 3648: 3640: 3639:Chiasson 1981 3635: 3627: 3625:2-89448-177-2 3621: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3600:2-923016-14-9 3596: 3592: 3585: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3540: 3535: 3533: 3524: 3522:2-7600-0078-8 3518: 3514: 3507: 3505: 3498:, p. 631 3497: 3492: 3490: 3483: 3482:Chiasson 1981 3478: 3470: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3452:, p. 434 3451: 3450:Lebreton 1982 3446: 3444: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3406:, p. 433 3405: 3404:Lebreton 1982 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3364: 3356: 3353:(in French). 3352: 3345: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3316: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3297: 3290:, p. 630 3289: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3271: 3268:(in French). 3267: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3242: 3240: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3076:New Brunswick 3073: 3067: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2875:Saint-Antoine 2872: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2856:Tudor Revival 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2831:in Caraquet. 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817:Nazaire Dugas 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2802:ornamentation 2799: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2780: 2771: 2763: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2724:David Ouellet 2721: 2717: 2708: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2651: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2341:New Brunswick 2338: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2315:, and former 2314: 2310: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2104: 2099: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2059: 2054: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1992:Saint-Quentin 1988: 1986: 1982: 1981:Caraquet port 1971: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1818: 1797: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1752: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727:Saint-Léonard 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1602: 1597: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490:Nazaire Dugas 1487: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1427:Robin Company 1424: 1410: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1391:Christ-Roi d' 1387: 1382: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1355: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1325: 1318: 1313: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1232:Pré-d'en-Haut 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1212:Saint-Antoine 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1189:Saint-Anselme 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1162:Sainte-Cécile 1159: 1155: 1154:Saint-Isidore 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 956: 951: 947: 943: 941: 937: 933: 923: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 900: 896: 892: 883: 879: 877: 873: 869: 865: 859: 857: 856: 851: 847: 838: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 789: 780: 778: 774: 770: 769:Second Empire 766: 761: 759: 755: 749: 745: 743: 742: 737: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 705: 703: 699: 696: 692: 688: 683: 673: 669: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 649: 644: 640: 636: 632: 627: 617: 615: 609: 607: 604:roofs at the 603: 598: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 571:New Brunswick 563: 556: 551: 544: 539: 525: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 506: 501: 500: 495: 491: 487: 483: 477: 467: 465: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 430: 428: 424: 420: 415: 413: 409: 405: 400: 398: 393: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 318: 314: 309: 299: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 257:Richard Denys 254: 250: 242: 238: 234: 229: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 165: 161: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 123: 119: 117: 112: 108: 99: 85: 83: 79: 73: 70: 66: 61: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 36: 32: 31:Nazaire Dugas 28: 23: 19: 5999: 5893:Institutions 5715:. Retrieved 5695:. Retrieved 5675:. Retrieved 5671:the original 5659:the original 5643:. Retrieved 5639:the original 5623:. Retrieved 5607:the original 5595:the original 5583:the original 5567:. Retrieved 5563:the original 5539: 5513: 5494: 5475: 5466: 5447: 5428: 5409: 5402:Bibliography 5395:, p. 72 5388: 5383:, p. 79 5376: 5371:, p. 36 5364: 5359:, p. 81 5337:. Retrieved 5333:the original 5328: 5318: 5299: 5293: 5281:. Retrieved 5267: 5244: 5238: 5226:. Retrieved 5222:the original 5216: 5210: 5198:. Retrieved 5194:the original 5190:"Historique" 5183: 5171:. Retrieved 5166: 5157: 5152:, p. 45 5145: 5137:the original 5127: 5122:, p. 32 5115: 5103: 5098:, p. 36 5091: 5082: 5076: 5071:, p. 34 5054:, p. 31 5028:. Retrieved 5024:the original 5019: 5010: 5005:, p. 56 4998: 4986: 4974: 4947: 4942:, p. 45 4940:Mannell 2004 4927:, p. 41 4925:Mannell 2004 4920: 4908:. Retrieved 4899: 4890: 4882:the original 4876: 4869: 4861:the original 4851: 4846:, p. 27 4839: 4834:, p. 18 4814:(in French). 4811: 4805: 4793:. Retrieved 4789:the original 4783: 4776: 4764: 4752: 4729:the original 4719: 4707:. Retrieved 4703:the original 4697: 4690: 4678:. Retrieved 4674:the original 4669: 4660: 4654:(in French). 4651: 4645: 4626: 4620: 4608: 4603:, p. 67 4581:. Retrieved 4577:the original 4572: 4563: 4551:. Retrieved 4547:the original 4542: 4521: 4517: 4486:. Retrieved 4482:the original 4477: 4468: 4463:, p. 80 4456: 4451:, p. 83 4444: 4432:. Retrieved 4428:the original 4423: 4419: 4394:. Retrieved 4385: 4376: 4366:13 September 4364:. Retrieved 4360:the original 4354: 4332:. Retrieved 4328:the original 4323: 4314: 4302:. Retrieved 4298:the original 4293: 4284: 4272:. Retrieved 4268:the original 4263: 4254: 4242:. Retrieved 4238:the original 4233: 4224: 4212:. Retrieved 4208:the original 4203: 4194: 4182:. Retrieved 4173: 4164: 4133: 4121: 4116:, p. 32 4109: 4104:, p. 33 4061:. Retrieved 4052: 4043: 4024: 3993:, p. 26 3986: 3981:, p. 25 3974: 3962:. Retrieved 3953: 3922:. Retrieved 3910: 3887:, p. 74 3880: 3868: 3848:, p. 47 3833:, p. 46 3799:, p. 43 3792: 3780: 3722:. Retrieved 3718:the original 3713: 3671:, p. 25 3656:, p. 23 3634: 3615: 3609: 3590: 3584: 3574:13 September 3572:. Retrieved 3568:the original 3562: 3541:, p. 73 3512: 3477: 3468: 3430:. Retrieved 3426:the original 3421: 3411: 3380:. Retrieved 3376:the original 3370: 3363: 3354: 3350: 3304: 3269: 3265: 3247: 3219: 3190:. Retrieved 3186:the original 3181: 3152: 3125: 3116: 3107: 3071: 3066: 3049: 2986: 2951: 2931: 2911:new terminal 2864: 2859: 2855: 2833: 2814: 2776: 2744: 2713: 2664: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2388: 2384: 2376: 2371:fishing nets 2368: 2349: 2337:Blanc-Sablon 2325: 2302: 2293:Acadian flag 2238: 2223: 2201: 2193:Pennsylvania 2189:Newfoundland 2168: 2166: 2117: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2101:Hay huts in 2030: 2020: 2004: 2000: 1996:Petit-Rocher 1989: 1977: 1965: 1925: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1869:Parks Canada 1864: 1852: 1846: 1823: 1763:Richibouctou 1695: 1668: 1656:Acadie Place 1649: 1645: 1619: 1547: 1545: 1518: 1498: 1494:Bas-Caraquet 1482: 1447: 1435: 1420: 1209: 1182: 1114:Church Point 1102:neoclassical 1098: 1071: 1020: 944: 940:mobile homes 929: 920: 888: 860: 853: 850:Amand Landry 843: 794: 762: 750: 746: 739: 722: 711: 678: 646: 629: 610: 568: 555:Saint-Basile 514:pieux debout 513: 503: 497: 479: 436: 416: 403: 401: 394: 369:packed earth 341: 322: 261:Burnt Church 246: 204: 188: 184: 180: 176: 163: 160:timber-frame 157: 148: 133: 104: 74: 62: 41: 40: 18: 5982:Nova Scotia 5591:"Grand-Pré" 5532:Filmography 5393:Dupont 1978 5381:Dupont 1978 5369:Dupont 1978 5357:Dupont 1978 5169:(in French) 5150:Dupont 1978 5108:Dupont 1978 5069:Dupont 1978 5052:Dupont 1978 5003:Dupont 1978 4991:Dupont 1978 4979:Dupont 1978 4952:Dupont 1978 4910:29 November 4844:Dupont 1978 4461:Dupont 1978 4449:Dupont 1978 4138:Dupont 1978 4006:Dupont 1978 3924:29 November 3885:Dupont 1978 3873:Dupont 1978 3797:Dupont 1978 3539:Dupont 1978 3335:Dupont 1978 3157:Dupont 1978 3084:Nova Scotia 2981:Maisonnette 2782: [ 2516:Shore rush 2503:Marsh grass 2475:gray earth 2345:Maisonnette 2305:lighthouses 2261:Grand Manan 2162:Bonaventure 2142:Indian corn 2032:La Sagouine 2016:New England 1953:Mont-Carmel 1671:skyscrapers 1509:hipped-roof 1505:New England 1470:hipped roof 1409:Grande-Anse 1393:Allardville 1032:Allardville 1016:automobiles 966:eclecticism 904:Baie-Egmont 741:garconniere 723:garconniere 715:New Orleans 691:New England 516:type, with 6044:New France 6038:Categories 5884:Tintamarre 5806:Port-Royal 5776:Evangeline 5339:29 January 5309:2921166062 5217:Coup d'œil 5200:26 October 5173:7 February 5030:12 January 4795:11 January 4709:1 February 4680:12 January 4636:0874517710 4583:12 January 4553:12 January 4488:12 January 4434:1 February 4396:12 January 4334:12 January 4304:12 January 4274:12 January 4244:12 January 4214:12 January 4184:12 January 3964:12 January 3724:12 January 3432:28 October 3382:27 October 3314:0916910210 3229:2921166062 3192:11 January 3145:References 3098:, and the 2938:Edmundston 2852:Neo-Gothic 2848:Irving Oil 2840:Bouctouche 2810:Bouctouche 2779:Léon Léger 2697:Architects 2592:Chimneys. 2583:Shore mud 2425:Shellfish 2378:church of 2333:Natashquan 2297:Evangeline 2265:Anse-Bleue 2241:smokehouse 2204:green roof 2154:lumberjack 2128:wall. The 1710:Léon Léger 1568:Bouctouche 1236:Memramcook 1185:Memramcook 1178:Bouctouche 1170:Bellotiste 1134:neo-Gothic 1086:Neo-Gothic 1074:Memramcook 993:family in 377:clapboards 348:Nipisiguit 296:See also: 277:tiled roof 253:Port-Royal 237:Grand Isle 217:Recollects 205:bousillage 177:bousillage 169:Port-Royal 145:indigenous 65:Indigenous 35:Irving Oil 5970:Provinces 5791:Grand-Pré 5786:Governors 5781:Expulsion 3991:Cook 2001 3979:Cook 2001 3846:Brun 1982 3831:Brun 1982 3816:Brun 1982 3136:Grand-Pré 3134:house in 3070:The term 3059:Louisiana 3014:ridgepole 3006:Madawaska 2997:milestone 2790:Barachois 2732:Chéticamp 2720:Quebecois 2671:Madawaska 2494:painting 2478:painting 2391:Madawaska 2389:Although 2352:Chéticamp 2289:Shippagan 2181:Chéticamp 2158:Matapedia 2146:Louisiana 2037:mullioned 1968:Grand-Pré 1945:Lafayette 1937:Van Buren 1847:In 1969, 1664:skylights 1501:Madawaska 1423:Paspébiac 1203:to build 1150:Chéticamp 1094:classical 1078:Barachois 962:galleries 936:bungalows 932:Louisiana 926:1880–1960 908:pilasters 899:galleries 891:Maritimes 872:staircase 868:plastered 818:formworks 719:Caribbean 708:Louisiana 698:pilasters 665:birchbark 631:Madawaska 620:Madawaska 614:Wallpaper 482:Louisiana 470:Louisiana 408:Treenails 404:godendard 389:bakehouse 273:Grand-Pré 185:palissons 6006:Category 5859:Acadians 5711:Archived 5691:Archived 5619:Archived 5277:Archived 4904:Archived 4390:Archived 4178:Archived 4057:Archived 3958:Archived 3915:Archived 3357:(1): 95. 3272:(2): 20. 3100:Antilles 3020:See also 2989:folklore 2972:Folklore 2964:and the 2917:and the 2897:and the 2891:Montreal 2883:Tracadie 2879:Scoudouc 2825:Montreal 2821:Caraquet 2691:Maliseet 2679:caulking 2556:Chondrus 2470:Sea bass 2409:Addition 2404:Material 2354:and the 2331:between 2321:Caraquet 2317:latrines 2257:Cap-Pelé 1731:Lakeburn 1548:boomtown 1537:chestnut 1478:consoles 1335:Bathurst 1224:sacristy 1216:Cap-Pelé 1201:Beaumont 1146:eclectic 1122:Yarmouth 1048:Bertrand 1008:hip roof 958:shingles 912:cornices 895:American 876:paraffin 806:Archigny 777:consoles 765:Neo-Grec 702:cornices 687:Georgian 661:Maliseet 657:dovetail 584:Sawmills 427:tinplate 373:shingles 365:mortises 357:American 265:palisade 223:Churches 197:Toulouse 50:Acadians 5939:Related 5764:History 5717:21 June 5697:21 June 5677:21 June 5645:21 June 5625:21 June 5569:21 June 5283:21 June 5249:Halifax 5228:21 June 4698:Cahiers 4420:Cahiers 4063:21 June 3010:maypole 3002:corvées 2958:Halifax 2948:Schools 2934:Moncton 2867:Moncton 2796:and in 2667:Brayons 2461:mortar 2253:herring 2215:rafters 2211:framing 2207:hangars 2197:Romania 2177:paneled 2136:on the 2130:veranda 1675:Moncton 1552:parapet 1550:-style 1458:Moncton 1439:Shediac 1411:(1940). 1367:(1901). 1286:(1840). 1197:Micmacs 1142:Baroque 1106:Arichat 999:veranda 995:Shediac 974:cornice 970:corbels 878:lamps. 822:heather 754:cypress 731:wimperg 643:Brayons 518:cypress 494:ranches 423:sundial 397:cornice 333:British 331:to the 201:paneled 5951:Cajuns 5847:Brayon 5757:Acadia 5520: 5501: 5482: 5454: 5435: 5416: 5306: 5255: 4633: 4031: 3622: 3597: 3519: 3311: 3226: 3092:Quebec 3072:Acadia 3055:Cajuns 3008:, the 2993:Quebec 2881:, and 2858:, and 2798:Boston 2661:Forest 2586:water 2447:mortar 2428:water 2360:Suetes 2329:Quebec 2313:kiosks 2249:spruce 2183:, the 2173:pulley 2138:gables 2126:gabled 2122:chalet 2103:Bassin 2011:piloti 1908:Cajuns 1733:, and 1718:Murano 1654:. The 1624:, VHA. 1539:, and 1529:spruce 1514:Quebec 1443:bricks 1284:Dieppe 1228:Néguac 1174:Quebec 1138:Quinan 1092:, and 1082:Gothic 985:. The 983:dormer 910:, and 808:, and 783:France 758:Norman 700:, and 626:Brayon 602:hipped 597:tallow 588:planks 490:Cajuns 476:Cajuns 443:planks 410:, and 361:tenons 209:planks 189:palots 173:thatch 141:bricks 58:Acadia 54:Cajuns 5842:Chiac 3918:(PDF) 3907:(PDF) 3042:Notes 2786:] 2687:Birch 2490:ochre 2364:eaves 2245:cedar 2219:bents 2202:Some 2134:farms 1541:birch 1474:eaves 1472:with 1012:gable 955:cedar 798:Cenan 736:pitch 734:with 606:eaves 592:nails 455:plugs 385:gable 249:bells 241:Maine 181:bauge 78:style 46:style 5874:Flag 5863:list 5719:2024 5699:2024 5679:2024 5647:2024 5627:2024 5571:2024 5518:ISBN 5499:ISBN 5480:ISBN 5452:ISBN 5433:ISBN 5414:ISBN 5341:2009 5304:ISBN 5285:2024 5253:ISBN 5230:2024 5202:2008 5175:2024 5032:2009 4912:2008 4797:2009 4711:2009 4682:2009 4631:ISBN 4585:2009 4555:2009 4490:2009 4436:2009 4398:2009 4368:2008 4336:2009 4306:2009 4276:2009 4246:2009 4216:2009 4186:2009 4065:2024 4029:ISBN 3966:2009 3926:2008 3726:2009 3620:ISBN 3595:ISBN 3576:2003 3517:ISBN 3434:2008 3384:2007 3355:XXVI 3309:ISBN 3270:VIII 3224:ISBN 3194:2009 3053:The 2842:and 2683:Moss 2675:flax 2570:Kelp 2472:oil 2432:lime 2335:and 2309:well 2239:The 2232:and 2230:Caps 2167:The 2160:and 2112:The 1926:The 1832:and 1566:The 1521:pine 1448:The 1431:dado 1266:The 1187:and 1160:and 1152:and 960:and 826:pisé 637:and 522:bark 510:palm 464:drum 459:lath 447:clay 437:The 419:pine 363:and 323:The 231:The 52:and 25:The 4522:XXX 2956:in 2808:in 2730:in 2718:or 2669:of 2419:Use 2350:In 2276:Sea 2247:or 2144:in 1930:of 1708:by 1673:in 1533:ash 1525:oak 1199:of 1164:on 1112:in 1108:or 767:or 502:or 412:oak 187:or 179:or 6040:: 5709:. 5689:. 5349:^ 5327:. 5275:. 5165:. 5059:^ 5040:^ 5018:. 4959:^ 4932:^ 4898:. 4820:^ 4737:^ 4668:. 4593:^ 4571:. 4541:. 4530:^ 4498:^ 4476:. 4418:. 4406:^ 4384:. 4344:^ 4322:. 4292:. 4262:. 4232:. 4202:. 4172:. 4145:^ 4090:^ 4073:^ 4051:. 4013:^ 3998:^ 3952:. 3934:^ 3909:. 3892:^ 3853:^ 3838:^ 3823:^ 3804:^ 3765:^ 3734:^ 3712:. 3676:^ 3661:^ 3646:^ 3546:^ 3531:^ 3503:^ 3488:^ 3457:^ 3442:^ 3420:. 3392:^ 3341:^ 3323:^ 3295:^ 3278:^ 3256:^ 3238:^ 3202:^ 3180:. 3164:^ 2968:. 2944:. 2929:. 2885:. 2877:, 2854:, 2812:. 2784:fr 2753:. 2693:. 2267:. 2199:. 2164:. 1910:. 1737:. 1729:, 1543:. 1535:, 1531:, 1527:, 1523:, 1516:. 1480:. 1433:. 1238:. 1088:, 1084:, 858:. 804:, 800:, 239:, 5865:) 5861:( 5749:e 5742:t 5735:v 5721:. 5701:. 5681:. 5649:. 5629:. 5573:. 5546:. 5526:. 5507:. 5488:. 5460:. 5441:. 5422:. 5343:. 5312:. 5287:. 5261:. 5232:. 5204:. 5177:. 5034:. 4914:. 4799:. 4713:. 4684:. 4639:. 4587:. 4557:. 4492:. 4438:. 4424:2 4400:. 4370:. 4338:. 4308:. 4278:. 4248:. 4218:. 4188:. 4067:. 4037:. 3968:. 3928:. 3728:. 3628:. 3603:. 3578:. 3525:. 3436:. 3386:. 3317:. 3232:. 3196:. 2105:. 1765:. 243:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Acadian architecture

Index