498:
568:
2277:
1906:
624:
656:. This ancestor may have developed a "predisposition" to enter into symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria and this led to the independent acquisition of symbiotic abilities by ancestors of the actinorhizal and Legume species. The genetic program used to establish the symbiosis has probably recruited elements of the arbuscular
696:
filaments coming from the site of infection/the prenodule. Actinorhizal nodules have generally an indeterminate growth, new cells are therefore continually produced at the apex and successively become infected. Mature cells of the nodule are filled with bacterial filaments that actively fix nitrogen.
1849:
Normand, P.; Lapierre, P.; Tisa, L. S.; Gogarten, J. P.; Alloisio, N.; Bagnarol, E.; Bassi, C. A.; Berry, A. M.; Bickhart, D. M.; Choisne, N.; Couloux, A.; Cournoyer, B.; Cruveiller, S.; Daubin, V.; Demange, N.; Francino, M. P.; Goltsman, E.; Huang, Y.; Kopp, O. R.; Labarre, L.; Lapidus, A.; Lavire,
45:
Actinorhizal plants are distributed within three clades, and are characterized by nitrogen fixation. They are distributed globally, and are pioneer species in nitrogen-poor environments. Their symbiotic relationships with
Frankia evolved independently over time, and the symbiosis occurs in the root
1103:
Normand, Philippe; Lapierre, Pascal; Tisa, Louis S.; Gogarten, Johann Peter; Alloisio, Nicole; Bagnarol, Emilie; Bassi, Carla A.; Berry, Alison M.; Bickhart, Derek M.; Choisne, Nathalie; Couloux, Arnaud; Cournoyer, Benoit; Cruveiller, Stephane; Daubin, Vincent; Demange, Nadia (January 2007).
672:
is favored by nitrogen deprivation and is inhibited by high nitrogen concentrations. Depending on the plant species, two mechanisms of infection have been described: The first is observed in casuarinas or alders and is called root hair infection. In this case the infection begins with an
1764:
Gherbi, H.; Markmann, K.; Svistoonoff, S.; Estevan, J.; Autran, D.; Giczey, G.; Auguy, F.; Péret, B.; Laplaze, L.; Franche, C.; Parniske, M.; Bogusz, D. (2008), "SymRK defines a common genetic basis for plant root endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, rhizobia, and
1459:
Bethencourt, Lorine; Vautrin, Florian; Taib, Najwa; Dubost, Audrey; Castro-Garcia, Lucia; Imbaud, Olivier; Abrouk, Danis; Fournier, Pascale; Briolay, Jérôme; Nguyen, Agnès; Normand, Philippe; Fernandez, Maria P.; Brochier-Armanet, Céline; Herrera-Belaroussi, Aude (2019).
631:
No fossil records are available concerning nodules, but fossil pollen of plants similar to modern actinorhizal species has been found in sediments deposited 87 million years ago. The origin of the symbiotic association remains uncertain. The ability to associate with
701:
have been found, but several genes known to participate in the formation and functioning of Legume nodules (coding for haemoglobin and other nodulins) are also found in actinorhizal plants where they are supposed to play similar roles. The lack of genetic tools in
691:
becomes intracellular but no prenodule is formed. In both cases the infection leads to cell divisions in the pericycle and the formation of a new organ consisting of several lobes anatomically similar to a lateral root. Cortical cells of the nodule are invaded by
591:, volcanic flows or sand dunes. Being among the first species to colonize these disturbed environments, actinorhizal shrubs and trees play a critical role, enriching the soil and enabling the establishment of other species in an
1399:
Gherbi, Hassen; Markmann, Katharina; Svistoonoff, Sergio; Estevan, Joan; Autran, Daphné; Giczey, Gabor; Auguy, Florence; Péret, Benjamin; Laplaze, Laurent; Franche, Claudine; Parniske, Martin; Bogusz, Didier (2008-03-25).
559:, in which they infect the roots of the plant. This relationship is what is responsible for the nitrogen-fixation qualities of the plants, and what makes them important to nitrogen-poor environments.
683:, and is followed by the formation of a primitive symbiotic organ known as a prenodule. The second mechanism of infection is called intercellular entry and is well described in
1298:
1462:"Draft genome sequences for three unisolated Alnus-infective Frankia Sp+ strains, AgTrS, AiOr and AvVan, the first sequenced Frankia strains able to sporulate in-planta"
1044:
Diagne, Nathalie; Arumugam, Karthikeyan; Ngom, Mariama; Nambiar-Veetil, Mathish; Franche, Claudine; Narayanan, Krishna Kumar; Laplaze, Laurent (2013-11-11).
644:. Nevertheless, actinorhizal plants and Legumes, the two major nitrogen-fixing groups of plants share a relatively close ancestor, as they are all part of a
505:
All nitrogen fixing plants are classified under the "Nitrogen-Fixing Clade", which consists of the three actinorhizal plant orders, as well as the order
764:
Li, Hong-Lei; Wang, Wei; Mortimer, Peter E.; Li, Rui-Qi; Li, De-Zhu; Hyde, Kevin D.; Xu, Jian-Chu; Soltis, Douglas E.; Chen, Zhi-Duan (November 2015).
766:"Large-scale phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple gains of actinorhizal nitrogen-fixing symbioses in angiosperms associated with climate change"
1956:
1929:
687:
species. In this case bacteria penetrate the root extracellularly, growing between epidermal cells then between cortical cells. Later on
513:, but they are not classified as actinorhizal plants. The actinorhizal species are either trees or shrubs, except for those in the genus
706:
and in actinorhizal species was the main factor explaining such a poor understating of this symbiosis, but the recent sequencing of 3
2191:
1402:"SymRK defines a common genetic basis for plant root endosymbioses with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, rhizobia, and Frankia bacteria"
1584:
Benson, D. R.; Clawson, M. L. (2000), "Evolution of the actinorhizal plant nitrogen-fixing symbiosis", in
Triplett, E. (ed.),
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962:
912:
851:
2123:
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C.; Marechal, J.; Martinez, M.; Mastronunzio, J. E.; Mullin, B. C.; Niemann, J.; Pujic, P.; Rawnsley, T.; Rouy, Z. (2006).
987:"Phytochemistry, health benefits, and food applications of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): A comprehensive review"
555:
produce edible fruit. What characterizes an actinorhizal plant is the symbiotic relationship it forms with the bacteria
2227:
2103:
1949:
1352:
Hocher, Valérie; Auguy, Florence; Argout, Xavier; Laplaze, Laurent; Franche, Claudine; Bogusz, Didier (February 2006).
599:. They are also major contributors to nitrogen fixation in broad areas of the world, and are particularly important in
1106:"Genome characteristics of facultatively symbiotic Frankia sp. strains reflect host range and host plant biogeography"
2252:
579:. Their ability to form nitrogen-fixing nodules confers a selective advantage in poor soils, and are therefore
2301:
2280:
1942:
942:
2232:
2087:
1986:
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tools in actinorhizal species should help to develop a far better understanding in the following years.
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947:
Chapter 6 - Advances in plant-pathogen interactions in terms of biochemical and molecular aspects
2043:
985:
Wang, Zhen; Zhao, Fenglan; Wei, Panpan; Chai, Xiaoyun; Hou, Guige; Meng, Qingguo (2022-12-06).
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symbioses, a much older and widely distributed symbiotic association between plants and fungi.
1915:
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1996:
1973:
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which are herbs. Other species of actinorhizal plants are common in temperate regions like
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1021:
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954:
943:"Advances in plant-pathogen interactions in terms of biochemical and molecular aspects"
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1586:
Prokaryotic
Nitrogen Fixation: A Model System for the Analysis of a Biological Process
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2242:
2210:
2144:
1991:
1885:
1836:
1832:
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1705:
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prenodule cells display the same differentiation as the corresponding nodule cells",
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1016:
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1354:"Expressed sequence-tag analysis in Casuarina glauca actinorhizal nodule and root"
567:
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1647:
904:
596:
580:
536:
370:
31:
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Hocher, V.; Auguy, F.; Argout, X.; Laplaze, L.; Franche, C.; Bogusz, D. (2006),
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2008:
2003:
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34:
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2018:
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1030:
922:
899:, vol. 69, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 387–408,
807:
637:
465:
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228:
112:
107:
42:. This association leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules.
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23:
1934:
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2013:
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1650:(2002), "Evolution of signal transduction in intracellular symbiosis",
1637:
1604:
Zavitovski, J.; Newton, M. (1968), "Ecological importance of snowbrush
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1477:
1121:
1046:"Use of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants for Degraded Lands Reclamation"
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260:
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71:
59:
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789:
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2108:
1227:
Ferguson, Brett J.; Lin, Meng-Han; Gresshoff, Peter M. (2013-03-01).
893:"The Evolutionary Aspects of Legume Nitrogen–Fixing Nodule Symbiosis"
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Laplaze, L.; Duhoux, E.; Franche, C.; Frutz, T.; Svistoonoff, S.;
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Symbiosis: Cellular, Molecular, Medical and
Evolutionary Aspects
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Vessey, J. K.; Pawlowski, K.; Bergman, B. (2005), "Root-based N
524:
510:
418:
396:
320:
215:
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character and has probably evolved independently in different
623:
2113:
1229:"Regulation of legume nodulation by acidic growth conditions"
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Shen, Defeng; Bisseling, Ton (2020), Kloc, Malgorzata (ed.),
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604:
520:
151:
67:
1458:
844:
Reference Module in Earth
Systems and Environmental Sciences
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sp. Strains reflect host range and host plant biogeography"
1848:
1588:, Norfolk, UK: Horizon Scientific Press, pp. 207–224,
1297:
Pawlowski, Katharina; Demchenko, Kirill N. (October 2012).
1102:
711:
575:
Actinorhizal plants are found on all continents except for
1679:
865:
595:. Actinorhizal plants like alders are also common in the
1810:
1351:
1178:
1717:
509:. The most well-known nitrogen fixing plants are the
16:
Plants hosting N-fixing
Frankia symbioants in nodules
1226:
1852:"Genome characteristics of facultatively symbiotic
1559:
1296:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1157:
872:
870:
868:
1722:-fixing symbioses: Legumes, actinorhizal plants,
627:Evolutionary origin of nitrogen-fixing nodulation
2293:
1603:
1201:
763:
611:/ha/year, close to the highest rate reported in
603:. The nitrogen fixation rates measured for some
1771:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1645:
1512:Wall, L. (2000), "The actinorhizal symbiosis",
1406:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1212:
1154:
984:
837:
1950:
1583:
890:
823:
562:
501:Frankia Root Nodule from Alder Tree (Alnus)
1957:
1943:
1179:"Society for Ecological Restoration (SER)"
1964:
1879:
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1299:"The diversity of actinorhizal symbiosis"
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1137:
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1020:
1002:
797:
26:characterized by their ability to form a
1560:Schwintzer, C. R.; Tjepkema, J. (1990),
663:
622:
571:The distribution of actinorhizal plants.
566:
496:
1176:
838:Rascio, N.; La Rocca, N. (2013-01-01),
607:species are as high as 300 kg of N
2294:
1930:Frankia and Actinorhizal plant Website
1514:Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation
940:
759:
757:
618:
1938:
1684:; Bogusz, D.; Pawlowski, K. (2000), "
1292:
1290:
1288:
1222:
1220:
1177:Restoration, Society for Ecological.
1813:"Expressed sequence-tag analysis in
1690:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
1511:
886:
884:
876:
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831:
819:
817:
732:
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13:
2228:Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
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1183:Society for Ecological Restoration
955:10.1016/B978-0-323-91875-6.00021-9
14:
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49:
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1904:
1833:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01644.x
1370:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01644.x
1452:
1392:
1345:
1206:
1195:
1170:
1096:
840:"Biological Nitrogen Fixation☆"
710:genomes and the development of
697:No equivalent of the rhizobial
673:intracellular penetration of a
1233:Plant Signaling & Behavior
1166:Schwintzer & Tjepkema 1990
1037:
978:
934:
738:"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website"
1:
1817:actinorhizal nodule and root"
1664:10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02356-7
1505:
1050:BioMed Research International
2233:Lichens and nitrogen cycling
2088:Marine biogeochemical cycles
1202:Zavitovski & Newton 1968
905:10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_14
7:
1213:Kistner & Parniske 2002
10:
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1702:10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.1.107
652:which is often called the
400:
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222:
103:
95:
2271:
2132:
2096:
1972:
1748:10.1007/s11104-005-0871-1
1315:10.1007/s00709-012-0388-4
1004:10.3389/fnut.2022.1036295
824:Benson & Clawson 2000
464:
405:
345:
259:
227:
199:
158:
139:
106:
2221:Arctic methane emissions
2216:clathrate gun hypothesis
1987:carbonate–silicate cycle
1608:in the Oregon cascade",
721:
563:Distribution and ecology
54:Actinorhizal plants are
2253:Phosphorus assimilation
2155:environmental chemistry
1784:10.1073/pnas.0710618105
1652:Trends in Plant Science
1566:and Actinorhizal Plants
1419:10.1073/pnas.0710618105
46:nodule infection site.
991:Frontiers in Nutrition
628:
572:
502:
2248:Nitrogen assimilation
1966:Biogeochemical cycles
1526:10.1007/s003440000027
941:Kumari, Rima (2023).
664:The symbiotic nodules
654:nitrogen-fixing clade
626:
593:ecological succession
570:
500:
58:distributed within 3
2302:Biogeochemical cycle
2263:Planetary boundaries
2167:carbon sequestration
1997:oceanic carbon cycle
949:. pp. 111–122.
104:Actinorhizal Plants
2258:Sulfur assimilation
2199:Ocean acidification
1917:actinorhizal plant
1740:2005PlSoi.266..205V
1622:1968Ecol...49.1134Z
1606:Ceanothus velutinus
1466:Journal of Genomics
1245:2013PlSiB...8E3426F
1063:10.1155/2013/948258
782:2015NatSR...514023L
619:Evolutionary origin
587:is scarce, such as
20:Actinorhizal plants
1914:has a profile for
1872:10.1101/gr.5798407
1568:, Academic Press,
1478:10.7150/jgen.35875
1122:10.1101/gr.5798407
770:Scientific Reports
629:
573:
503:
2289:
2288:
2243:Nitrogen fixation
2211:Methane clathrate
2192:mycorrhizal fungi
2145:geochemical cycle
1992:deep carbon cycle
1920:
1777:(12): 4928–4932,
1726:sp. and cycads",
1595:978-1-898486-19-0
1575:978-0-12-633210-0
1412:(12): 4928–4932.
1253:10.4161/psb.23426
964:978-0-323-91875-6
914:978-3-030-51849-3
853:978-0-12-409548-9
790:10.1038/srep14023
601:temperate forests
551:species, such as
495:
494:
2329:
2279:
2278:
2162:Biosequestration
2150:chemical cycling
2081:deep water cycle
2051:Phosphorus cycle
1959:
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1815:Casuarina glauca
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1686:Casuarina glauca
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1616:(6): 1134–1145,
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2182:biological pump
2140:Biogeochemistry
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2097:Research groups
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1900:
1860:Genome Research
1821:New Phytologist
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1658:(11): 511–518,
1630:10.2307/1934497
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1562:The Biology of
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1358:New Phytologist
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1110:Genome Research
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815:
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736:
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728:
724:
668:As in legumes,
666:
621:
610:
597:riparian forest
581:pioneer species
565:
537:mountain misery
82:Classification
52:
32:nitrogen fixing
22:are a group of
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2312:Nitrogen cycle
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2133:Related topics
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2034:Nutrient cycle
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2029:Nitrogen cycle
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2009:Hydrogen cycle
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2004:Chlorine cycle
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1898:External links
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1728:Plant and Soil
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620:
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564:
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553:sea-buckthorns
493:
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436:
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384:
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93:
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83:
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51:
50:Classification
48:
35:actinomycetota
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2334:
2323:
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2264:
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2259:
2256:
2254:
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2249:
2246:
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2241:
2239:
2238:Nitrification
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
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2190:
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2178:
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2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Mineral cycle
2022:
2020:
2019:Mercury cycle
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
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1980:
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1971:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
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1891:
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1725:
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1699:
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1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:Bisseling, T.
1678:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:Kistner, C.;
1644:
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1280:
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1246:
1242:
1239:(3): e23426.
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1167:
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1005:
1000:
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898:
894:
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869:
855:
849:
845:
841:
834:
832:
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805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
760:
758:
743:
742:www.mobot.org
739:
733:
731:
726:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
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695:
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686:
682:
679:
676:
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582:
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398:
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382:
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322:
318:
317:
314:
313:
309:
308:
305:
304:
300:
299:
296:
295:
294:Kentrothamnus
291:
290:
287:
286:
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281:
278:
277:
273:
272:
269:
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264:
262:
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255:
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198:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
167:
166:Allocasuarina
163:
161:
160:Casuarinaceae
157:
154:
153:
149:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
134:
130:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
114:
111:
109:
101:
100:
94:
90:
87:
84:
81:
79:
78:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
47:
43:
41:
40:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2317:Soil biology
2071:Sulfur cycle
2066:Silica cycle
2039:Oxygen cycle
1982:Carbon cycle
1916:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1655:
1651:
1648:Parniske, M.
1613:
1609:
1605:
1585:
1565:
1561:
1517:
1513:
1469:
1465:
1454:
1409:
1405:
1394:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1306:
1302:
1236:
1232:
1208:
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1172:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1053:
1049:
1039:
994:
990:
980:
968:. Retrieved
946:
936:
926:, retrieved
896:
857:, retrieved
846:, Elsevier,
843:
776:(1): 14023.
773:
769:
745:. Retrieved
741:
707:
703:
693:
688:
684:
667:
653:
638:polyphyletic
633:
630:
574:
546:
540:
514:
504:
466:Quillajaceae
454:Polygalaceae
387:
378:
369:
360:
351:
337:
328:
319:
310:
301:
292:
283:
274:
265:
251:
242:
233:
229:Elaeagnaceae
214:
205:
191:
182:
173:
164:
150:
131:
117:
113:Coriariaceae
108:Cucurbitales
96:
56:dicotyledons
53:
44:
37:
19:
18:
2187:viral shunt
2177:soil carbon
2172:carbon sink
2076:Water cycle
1866:(1): 7–15.
1769:bacteria",
1535:11336/71779
1303:Protoplasma
1116:(1): 7–15.
1056:: e948258.
997:: 1036295.
699:nod factors
658:mycorrhizal
648:within the
485:Surianaceae
471:Dakotanthus
440:Duparquetia
412:Caesalpinia
362:Chamaebatia
353:Cercocarpus
330:Ochetophila
184:Ceuthostoma
127:Datiscaceae
24:angiosperms
2296:Categories
2056:Rock cycle
2014:Iron cycle
1724:Parasponia
1506:References
1188:2024-03-15
928:2024-03-15
859:2024-03-08
747:2024-03-07
670:nodulation
577:Antarctica
261:Rhamnaceae
253:Shepherdia
201:Myricaceae
193:Gymnostoma
146:Betulaceae
99:Angiosperm
97:The Clade
72:angiosperm
2322:Symbiosis
2204:acid rain
2109:GEOTRACES
1919:(Q422276)
1472:: 50–55.
1428:0027-8424
1378:0028-646X
1339:254082345
1323:1615-6102
1261:1559-2316
1130:1088-9051
1072:2314-6133
1013:2296-861X
970:March 15,
877:Wall 2000
681:root hair
548:Elaeagnus
529:sweetfern
447:Faboideae
339:Ceanothus
312:Talguenea
303:Retanilla
244:Hippophae
235:Elaeagnus
207:Comptonia
175:Casuarina
70:, of the
30:with the
28:symbiosis
2307:Nitrogen
2281:Category
1890:17151343
1841:16441749
1803:18316735
1756:35247396
1710:10656591
1672:12417152
1552:12887261
1544:11038226
1496:31588247
1446:18316735
1386:16441749
1331:22398987
1279:23333963
1148:17151343
1090:24350296
1031:36562043
923:33263880
808:26354898
685:Discaria
589:moraines
585:nitrogen
542:coriaria
525:bayberry
478:Quillaja
459:Polygala
426:Detarium
407:Fabaceae
347:Rosaceae
285:Discaria
276:Colletia
267:Adolphia
119:Coriaria
64:families
1912:Scholia
1881:1716269
1854:Frankia
1794:2290763
1767:Frankia
1736:Bibcode
1638:1934497
1618:Bibcode
1610:Ecology
1564:Frankia
1487:6775861
1437:2290763
1270:3676511
1241:Bibcode
1139:1716269
1081:3844217
1022:9763470
799:4650596
778:Bibcode
716:genomic
708:Frankia
704:Frankia
694:Frankia
689:Frankia
675:Frankia
634:Frankia
613:legumes
557:Frankia
545:. Some
516:Datisca
511:legumes
507:fabales
490:Suriana
433:Dialium
402:Fabales
397:Legumes
389:Purshia
371:Cowania
224:Rosales
141:Fagales
133:Datisca
91:Genera
88:Family
74:clade.
66:and 26
39:Frankia
1974:Cycles
1888:
1878:
1839:
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678:hyphae
650:rosids
642:clades
419:Cercis
321:Trevoa
216:Myrica
85:Order
68:genera
60:orders
2124:SOLAS
2114:IMBER
2044:ozone
1752:S2CID
1634:JSTOR
1548:S2CID
1335:S2CID
722:Notes
646:clade
636:is a
605:alder
533:avens
521:alder
380:Dryas
152:Alnus
2119:NOBM
2104:DAAC
1886:PMID
1837:PMID
1799:PMID
1706:PMID
1668:PMID
1590:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1540:PMID
1492:PMID
1442:PMID
1424:ISSN
1382:PMID
1374:ISSN
1327:PMID
1319:ISSN
1275:PMID
1257:ISSN
1144:PMID
1126:ISSN
1086:PMID
1068:ISSN
1054:2013
1027:PMID
1009:ISSN
972:2023
959:ISBN
919:PMID
909:ISBN
848:ISBN
804:PMID
714:and
712:RNAi
539:and
62:, 8
1876:PMC
1868:doi
1829:doi
1825:169
1789:PMC
1779:doi
1775:105
1744:doi
1732:266
1698:doi
1660:doi
1626:doi
1530:hdl
1522:doi
1482:PMC
1474:doi
1432:PMC
1414:doi
1410:105
1366:doi
1362:169
1311:doi
1307:249
1265:PMC
1249:doi
1134:PMC
1118:doi
1076:PMC
1058:doi
1017:PMC
999:doi
951:doi
901:doi
794:PMC
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