Action film - Knowledge

2294:(2011), Lisa Purse described the media response to female leads in action films reveal a discomfort about their presence and are often described with hesitant terms of women moving into territories that are perceived as masculine. Revealing woman in this form deconstructs the notion that traditional marks of masculinity are not exclusive to men and that musculature was not natural, but something to be achieved. Accusations of these muscular women of the era were levelled at that them by 1993 were that they were "men in drag" and that the films generally have to "explain" why their female leads displayed physical aggression and why they were "driven to do it." As the 1990s went on, Hollywood films began having more conventional looking women in their action films such as 359:

lacked the kind of dazzling action choreography as expected today and had crude and rudimentary special effects. These films came under increasing attack by both government officials and cultural elites for their allegedly superstitious and anarchistic tendencies, leading them to be banned in 1932. It was not until the base of Chinese commercial filmmaking was relocated from Shanghai to Hong Kong in the late 1940s that martial arts cinema was revived. These films contained much of the characteristics of the previous era. During this period, over 100 films were based on the adventures of real life Cantonese folk hero

438:(1956) which showed influence of the Shanghai martial arts films but also circulated from Hong Kong to Taiwan and Chinese communities overseas. This led to a growing demand in both local and regional markets in the early 1960s and saw a surge in production of Hong Kong martial arts films that went beyond the stories about Wong Fei-hung which were declining in popularity. These new martial arts films featured magical swordplay and higher production values and more sophisticated special effects than the previous films with 256: 2141: 1400: 7693: 464: 1090:, film, the focus on the kung fu film is on the martial arts over chivalry, The martial arts films was in decline by the mid-1970s in Hong Kong in relation to the stock market crash which went from over 150 films in 1972 to just over 80 in 1975, which led to a downfall in martial arts films produced. When the economy became to rebound, a new trend of martial arts films, the Shaolin kung fu films emerged and sparked a revival of the genre. Unlike the 2172: 7703: 669: 2472: 31: 344:

action films developed into their own recognizable genre instead of being a collection of other types of films such as Westerns, swashbucklers or adventure films. Films have been described "action films" or "action-adventure film" as early as the 1910s. Only by the 1980s was the term action as its own unique genre used routinely in terms of promotion and reviewing practices.

418:(1961). By at least the 1950s, Japanese films were looked upon as a model to be emulated by Hong Kong film production, and Hong Kong film companies began actively enlisting professionals from Japan, such as cinematographer Tadashi Nishimoto to contribute to color and widescreen cinematography. New literary sources also developed in martial arts films of this period, with the 1195:. The term is used broadly. Baker described the style as Hong Kong action films which feature gangsters and gunplay and martial arts that were more violent than kung fu films and academic Kristof Van Den Troost described it a term used to distinguish Hong Kong gun-heavy action films from period martial arts films from the late 1980s and early 1990s. 1343:, Amanda Howell suggested that this label was used to help distance Australian cinema from Hollywood films as it would be suggesting commerce over culture and that it would be "quite unacceptable to make Australian movies using conventions established in the U.S.A." Howell stated this to be the case with action films of the 1970s and 1980s with 152:, Lennart Soberson stated that the action film genre has been a subject of scholarly debate since the 1980s. Soberson wrote that repeated traits of the genre include chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work while other scholars asserted there were more underlying traits that define the genre. 2176: 2174: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2199:

In Hong Kong, the "new school" of martial arts films that Shaw Brothers brought in 1965 featured what featured what Yip described as "strong, active female characters as protagonists." These female-centered films were challenged with the rise of a new male heroic prototype marked by a strong sense of

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grew to become popular outside of Japan, and Kitamura said he was aiming for the foreign audience, as he was disappointed with the current state of Japanese films. Kitamura's characters have been described as "a careful combination of the maverick independence of 1980s Hollywood action heroes and the

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In transnational cinema, there are two major trends in action films: Hollywood action films and their style being imitated around the globe and the other being Chinese-language martial arts films. The roots of action films extend into the beginning of film but it was only in the mid-20th century when

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failing to reach the popularity Bachan had. These films predominantly earned their revenue through longer runs at B-grade theatres. A cycle of action films came from these films in the 1980s and 1990s called the Avenging Woman film, where female protagonists seek justice for a rape victim, where the

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France is a major European country for film production and has made co-production commitments with 44 countries around the world. Around beginning of the 21st century, France began producing a series of films explicitly intended for international markets, with action films representing a significant

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Anglophone action film scholarship has tended to emphasize bigger budget American action films, with academics tending to find films that fall out of Hollywood productions as not quite fitting definitions of the genre. By 2024, many national and regional industries were known for action films. These

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and Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet said that the difference between these concepts are elusive, but stated that genre could be defined as belonging to specific historical and cultural moments while "mode" and "form" can refer to a larger pattern that operates across a wider historical and cultural field.

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which had several genres attached to it, but featured several martial arts sequences. By the end of the 1970s, the style was an established genre in American cinema, often featuring tough heroic characters who would fight and not think about their actions until after a fight sequence. In the 1980s,

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series are permitted to visibly sweat, strain and be bloodied, Purse found a reluctance for filmmakers to have their female leads have any appearance warping injuries to ensure a perfectly made-up face. Comedy is often used in films of this period to place the female leads in implausible elements,

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The first Chinese-language martial arts films can be traced to Shanghai cinema of the late 1920s. These films were popular during the period, which comprised almost 60% of the total Chinese films. Man-Fung Yip stated that these film were "rather tame" by contemporary standards. He wrote that they

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discourse about choice, power and sexuality. Marc O'Day interprets the action heroine's dual status of an active subject and sexual object was overturning the traditional gender binary because the films "assume that women are powerful" without resorting to justify her physical aggression through

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allowed South Koreans to substitute deferred travel beyond the border through films with locations shot in Hong Kong. While melodrama and comedy were stapples in South Korean cinema, most action films were sporadic and tied to the use of locations such as Hong Kong. These films often featured

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series. Tasker wrote that despite the central characters in superhero cinema being extraordinary, occasionally even God-like, they often followed the traces of the central character becoming powerful of which is fundamental to action films, often dealt with origin stories in superhero films.

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A vibrant debate exists about whether hypersexualization is itself empowering and, if not, whether a hypersexualized female character can still represent strength and autonomy. Hypersexualized female action leads had tight fitting or revealing costumes that Tasker identified as "exaggerated

2304: 1761:(1997) involving men who gain confidence and achieve personal growth as they embark on journeys to protect national state and meet devastating ends. South Korean cinema only received international attention in both art film and blockbuster formats towards the end of the 1990s. Films such as 164:

echoed that these films were typified by "excessive spectacle" as a "desperate attempt to mask the lack of content." Geoff King argued that the spectacle can also be a vehicle for narrative, opposed to interfering with it. Soberson stated that Harvey O'Brien had "perhaps the most convincing

1785:(1999) received commercial releases in North America, Asia, and Europe. The success of the latter two films was unprecedented, and was followed by other South Korean action films in the early 2000s reaching the top of the local box office. These South Korean films mimic some traits of the 220:(2024), Tasker, Lisa Purse, and Chris Holmlund stated that thinking of action as a mode is more helpful than thinking of it as a genre. The three authors suggested that action frames a certain manner of filmmaking and viewing exceed genre without eclipsing it stating that websites such as 944:

Action films often interface with other genres. Tasker wrote that films are often labelled action thrillers, action-fantasy and action-adventure films with different nuances. Tasker later discussed that the term action film genre and adventure are often used in hybrid, and are even used

2448:(2005) did showcase women having expensive cars, clothing, travel, homes and often high-paying jobs, but that this was only shown as being applicable to white middle-class women. Purse found that these women were empowered at the price of women of other ethnicities. This is seen in 2182: 2181: 1078:

which has two meanings: the physical effort required to completing a task and the abilities and skills acquired over time. Films from the period reflected on the cultural and social climate from the period, as seen in invoking Japanese or Wester imperialist forces as foils.

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that Hollywood action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book,

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that action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book,

500:. The popularity of kung fu films and Bruce Lee led to attract a global audience of these films in the United States and Europe, but was cut short on Lee's death in 1973 leading the phases popularity to decline. Following a period of stagnation, Chang Cheh and 550:

which again revitalized the swordplay styled films. By the turn of the century Hollywood action films would look towards Hong Kong cinema and bringing some of their major actors and directors over to apply their style to their films, such as Chan, Woo, Li,

1712:("living theatre") was a term that indicated plays and films driven by action scenes, while this term has not been used regularly since the late 1970s, with "action movie" becoming the more familiar term. The Korean action films came from Japanese cinema, 1523:(1975). The box office success of these films made Bachchan a star and spawned the "angry young man" film in Bollywood cinema. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the action genre film declined considerably with new films predominantly featuring former 208:(2015), she found that the most broadly consistent themes tend to be a characters quest from freedom from oppression such as a hero overcoming enemies or obstacles and physical conflicts or challenge, usually battling other humans or alien opponents. 64:

suggested they were films that favor spectacle to storytelling, others such as Geoff King stated they allow the scenes of spectacle to be attuned to story telling. Action films are often hybrid with other genres, mixing into various forms ranging to

960:(2013) said that categorization of multiple generic genre labels was common in film reviews who are rarely concerned with succinct descriptions that evoke elements of the film's form, content and make no claims beyond on how these elements combine. 1153:

action films that first were made in the late 1980s in the United States were martial arts films. Towards the end of the 1990s, production of low-budget marital arts films declined as no new stars in the genre developed and older actors such as

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magazine conducted a poll with fifty experts in the field of action cinema, including actors, critics, filmmakers and stuntmen. Out of the 101 films ranked in the poll, the following films were voted the top ten best action films of all time.

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sub-genre at beginning of the decade and moved beyond the swordplay films with contemporary settings of late Qing or early Republican periods and had more hand-to-hand combat over supernatural swordplay and special effects. A new studio,

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In the 1990s, the country's national cinema was in decline leading to Hong Kong gangster films filled in this void leading to large commercial success at the national box office. Early Korean heirs to Hong Kong action films include

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briefly allowed an influx of Hong Kong films to Japan, but the trend did not last, with 28 Hong Kong films, mostly kung fu films, being released in 1974, and the number decreasing to five in 1975, four in 1977 and only two in 1978.

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Heroic Bloodshed is a that originates with English-language Hong Kong action and crime film fan communities in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Author Bey Logan stated that the term was coined by Rick Baker, in the British fanzine

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interchangeably. Along with Holmund and Purse, Tasker wrote that the action films expansiveness complicates easy categorization and though the genre is often spoken of as singular genre, it is rarely discussed as singular style.

737:(1971). O'Brien described these films as emphasizing "the fusion of man and machine" with the drivers and vehicles acting as one, concluding with what he described as "the ultimate in apocalyptic modernity and social erasure" in 165:

understanding of the genre", stating that the action film was "best understood as a fusion of form and content. It represents the idea and ethic of action through a form in which action, agitation and movement are paramount."

2381:. These series like their television series earlier, had their leads eroticized as active and physically capable while also being scantily-clad, hyper-feminized similar to the woman of exploitation films of the 1970s such as 1391:(2015) derived from Australia's long-standing cinematic fascination with the road and cars and a history of cultural anxiety towards a bleak and forbidding outback landscape opposed to the optimism of American action films. 1283:

Postcolonial Hong Kong cinema has struggled to maintain its international identity as a provider of these types action films because the talents involved had abandoned the Hong Kong film industry after the handover in 1997.

7900: 627:. Antong Chen, in his study on the Hong Kong action film, wrote that the influence of China and the amount of Chinese co-productions made with Hong Kong created a shift in these films, particularly following the release of 709:(1974) where the restoration of order is only possible by force and anti-social characters prepared to act when society does not. The vigilantism reappears in other films that were exploitative of southern society such as 693:(1968) where a tough police officer protects society by upholding the law against systematic corruption. This extended into films which O'Brien described as "knee-jerk responses" to perceived threats with rogue cop and 1325:

At the turn of the millennium, Australian genre films have gained increasing acceptance in the Australian feature film industry, while the action genre represented a small percentage of its output in the 21st century.

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due to the influx of Shanghai film talent in the postwar period. These films were targeted at the more educated and more refined middle-class audiences who saw themselves as above the contemporary martial arts films.

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that predominantly features chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work. The specifics of what constitutes an action film has been in scholarly debate since the 1980s. While some scholars such as

1620:(2022) was among the highest budgeted films made in India, and became a rare hit film outside of Indian diaspora, where it broke box office records in Japan and performed exceptionally well in American box office. 1175:

While the American styled-films were predominantly made in the United States, productions were also made in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and South Africa, and were predominantly shot in the English-language.

1541:. Khan reinvented his screen persona with that of his image in the Bollywood press who reported on him in the headlines of Bollywood magazines for his public brawls and affairs with leading actresses. In 794:

and Westerns, and are built around a three-act structure centered on survival, resistance and revenge with narratives where the physical body of the hero is tested, traumatized and ultimately triumphant.

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By late 2010s studies of genre analysis, the term "genre" itself is often replaced or supplemented with the words "mode" and "narrative form" with all three terms often being used interchangeably.

1149:. The genre would shift from theatrical releases towards the end of the decade with the rise of home video, the lower box-office of American martial arts productions, and a significant portion of 830:(1998). Action films of mass destruction began requiring more overtly super heroic characters with further comic book adaptations being made with increased non-realistic settings with films like 802:

from the classical era, through the convention of the increasingly computer generated effects. This saw the decline of overt masculinity in the action film which corresponded with the end of the

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Scholars of Australian genre film generally used the term "action-adventure" which allows them to apply it to various forms of narratives such as tongue in cheek heroic posturing stories like

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that "the lines that separate on genre from another have continued to disintegrate." Tasker said that most post-classical action films are hybrids, drawing from genres as varied as war films,

100:. These genres were followed by what is referred to as the "classical period" in the 1980s. This was followed by the post-classical era where American action films were influenced by 1675:(2000), said in 2004 that he grew frustrated with the Japanese film industry as producers felt they couldn't make action films in competition with Hong Kong or American productions. 367:. Yip continued that these Hong Kong films were still lagging behind in aesthetic and technical standards that films from the United States, Europe and Japan had during this period. 782:(1987)). O'Brien noted that the formative trends at this point had become "identifiably generic" as film industries began to reproduced these films during the decade producers like 1094:, the kung fu film primarily focuses on fighting on the ground. While heroes in kung fu films often display chivalry, they generally hail from different fighting schools, namely 1027:

that there is no satisfactory English translation of the term, with it often being identified as "the swordplay film" in critical studies. It is derived from the Chinese words

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While the term "action film" or "action adventure film" has been used as early as the 1910s, the contemporary definition usually refers to a film that came with the arrival of

1202:, literally meaning "hero films". Academic Laikwan Pang asserts that these gangster films appeared at a time when Hong Kong citizens felt particularly powerless with the 790:

began to formulate production of these films with both high and low budgets. The action films of this era have roots in classical story telling, specifically rooted from

764:(1985)). Following the continuity of the car and man hybrid of the previous decade, the 1980s featured weaponized men with who were either also carrying weapons such as 1446:(2001) stated that "Hollywood ownership of certain elements must be challenged, in order to show that these elements have also long been present in European culture." 1122:(1967) which was predominantly a drama, interspersed with martial arts scenes. American martial arts films predominantly came into production following the release of 4201:

Bould, Mark (2013). "Genre, Hybridity, Heterogeneity or the Noir-SF-Vampire-Zombie-Splatter-Romance-Comedy-Action-Thriller Problem". In Spicer, A.; Hanson, H (eds.).

1365:(1979) when financial incentives were available for overtly commercial projects. She commented that action films did tell identifiably Australian stories such as the 956:/action" or an "action/crime" or other hybrids was "only a semantic exercise" as both genres are important in the construction phase of the narrative. Mark Bould in 1116:

films with more realism and are often low-budget productions. Martial arts began routinely appearing in fight scenes in American films in the 1960s with films like

4149: 2316:(2006) after the mid-90s as "exaggerated statements of sexuality" in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" drawn from comics and softcore pornography. 4825:

Soberson, Lennart (Spring 2021). "The Ultimate Ride: A Comparative Narrative Analysis of Action Sequences in 1980s and Contemporary Hollywood Action Cinema".

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Shandilya, Krupa (2024). "Bollywood's New Action Cinema: The Woman-led Action Film and the Nation". In Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; Tasker, Yvonne (eds.).

184:(1988), that while both were mainstream Hollywood blockbusters with hero asserting masculinity and overcoming obstacles to a personal and social solution, 4942:

Van Den Troost, Kristof (Summer 2024). "Registers of the Melodramatic Mode: The 1980s Heroic Bloodshed Cycle in the History of the Hong Kong Crime Film".

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Srinivas, S.V. (2005). "Hong Kong Action Film and the Career of the Telugu Mass Hero". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).

2414:(2006). The fighting styles of women also tend towards more traditionally feminine fluid movements of martial arts, over using guns or directly punching. 812:(1993). O'Brien described this era as being soft where the hard bodies of the classical era were replaced with computer generated imagery such as that of 1789:, such melodramatic male bonding and marginalized women characters, while the Korean films also have greater elements of tragedy and romance emphasized. 1582:

who stated he wanted to become an actor after watching his first Bruce Lee film. Several films in Telugu cinema were remakes of Hong Kong films, such as

1244:(1999). Korean media recognized the more fatalistic and pessimistic tone of these films, leading to Korean journalists to label the style as "Hong Kong 4840:

Soyoung, Kim (2005). "Genre as Contact Zone: Hong Kong Action and Korean Hwalkuk". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).

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The third shift in action cinema, the postclassical, was defined by the predominance of Eastern cinema and its aesthetics, primarily the wire-work of

1166:(2000) had negligible effects in American productions in either the direct-to-video field, or in similarly low-budgeted theatrical releases such as 746:

O'Brien described the classical form of action cinema to be the 1980s. The decade continued the trends of formative period with heroes as avengers (

1224:(1986) make a record-breaking HK$ 34.7 million at the Hong Kong box office. The style of these films would influence American productions, such as 8123: 3886: 47:(1988). The film was released in the decade where the term action became its own unique genre routinely in terms of promotion and film reviews. 7511: 900:

The most commercially successful action films and franchise of the 21st century have been comic book adaptations, which commenced with the

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Violent female characters have been part of cinema since its early inception, with characters such as Kate Kelly brandishing a shotgun in

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Martin, Daniel (2009). "Another Week, Another Johnnie To Film: The Marketing and Distribution of Postcolonial Hong Kong Action Cinema".

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Kelso-Marsh, Caleb (2020). "East Asian Noir: Transnational Film Noir in Japan, Korea and Hong Kong". In Feng, Lin; Aston, James (eds.).

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The action cinema of South Korea mostly existed on the margins of the film industry in South Korea. The genre was initially called the

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and kung fu are genre-specific terms, while martial arts is a generic term to refer to several types of films containing martial arts.

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Shandilya, Krupa (2014). "Of Enraged Shirts, Gyrating Gangsters and Farting Bullets: Salman Khan and the New Bollywood Action Film".

2495: 2290:(1990) who were physically muscular and or enacted more extreme violence that was usually reserve for male action leads. In her book 1132:(1974). Lott noted the two films would lead to the two subsequent styles of martial arts films in the United States, with films like 7739: 7047: 1716:, and Hong Kong action cinema. As North Korea borders China, it block access to the continent from a South Korean perspective, the 687:

appears in cinema, featuring characters who act and transcend the law and social conventions. This appears initially in films like

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who first appeared in film in 1949. These films primarily on circuited within Hong Kong and Cantonese-speaking areas with Chinese

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quickly became one of independent filmmakers to grant creative freedom and pay and attracted new directors and actors, including

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re-actualization of the genre's conventions." The genre went into full circle resurrecting films from the classical period with

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Yip described Japanese cinema as the most advanced in Asia at the time. This was showcased by the international breakthrough of

8026: 6446: 4968:(2005). "Action Cinema, Labour Power and the Video Market". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.). 4223:

Chen, Antong (2022). "Hong Kong Action Films' Aesthetics of Violence: Its Social Environment and Decline in the 21st Century".

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American martial arts films feature what author M. Ray Lott described as a more realistic style of violence over the Hong Kong

818:(1991). This was displayed in corresponding with corresponded with millennial angst and apocalypticism showcased in films like 475:, however his career was cut short following his untimely death in 1973, which lead to a decline in popularity for the artform. 2345:(1995–2001)). These series popularity demonstrated a growing market for female action film heroes, in films of the 2000s like 5154: 5095: 5073: 5027: 4996: 4932: 4913: 4815: 4748: 4706: 4641: 4425: 4071: 17: 8113: 8108: 8103: 7834: 5907: 5696: 5113: 914: 4312: 843:

in 2001, which suggested an end to fantastical elements that defined the action hero and genre. Following the release of

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to suggest action films being unique and not just a series of action sequences, stating that that the difference between

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Kendrick, James (2019). "A Genre of Its Own: From Westerns, to Vigilantes, to Pure Action". In Kendric, James (ed.).

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calmness and acceptance of Japanese samurai, a consistent criticism of Japanese people today." Kitamura followed up

8118: 7775: 891:(2008) finding the characters navigating a contemporary world while also acknowledging their age, culminating into 204:

expanded on this topic, stating that action films have no clear and constant iconography or settings. In her book

7922: 7905: 7809: 6611: 5691: 4482:""Hey 'Brother', You Can Count on Me": Misogynistic Masculinity and Bromance Genre in South Korean Action Cinema" 4310:

Higgins, Scott (Winter 2008). "Suspenseful Situations: Melodramatic Narrative and the Contemporary Action Film".

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narratives involving maternal drive, mental instability or trauma. Purse found that female leads in films like

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and horror films of the 1970s. Violent women were common in action films since the 1960s. These films featured

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and can be separated into four forms: the formative, the classical, the postclassical and neoclassical phases.

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statements of sexuality" and in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" derives from comic books and

859:(2004) revisited the tropes of 1970s action films leading a renaissance of vengeance narratives in films like 623:

film series have their violence toned down, especially compared to the earlier work of directors like Woo and

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The Kung fu film emerged in the 1970s from the swordplay films. Its name is derived from the Cantonese term

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O'Day, Marc (2004). "Beauty in Motion: Gender, Spectacle and Action Babe Cinema". In Tasker, Yvonne (ed.).

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Purse wrote that the contemporary female action film lead's sexualized brand had her in close proximity of

1916: 1696:. Both released in 2003, the former was one of the highest-grossing movies of the year in Japan. Following 820: 733: 323: 192:

repeatedly firing his automatic pistol while swinging from a high rise was not congruent with the image of

1547:(2010), Khan continued with this public persona, which was repeated in several of his later films such as 8001: 7944: 7829: 7375: 6947: 6500: 6365: 6054: 5382: 2377: 2214: 1888: 1781: 1555: 1465: 893: 717: 120: 8189: 8184: 7819: 7814: 7770: 7385: 6992: 6835: 5480: 4845: 4698: 4675: 4330: 2485: 2404: 2280: 2088: 814: 641:

Harvey O'Brien wrote in 2012 that the contemporary action film emerged through other genres, primarily

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Tasker wrote that when action and adventure films secured awards, it is often in categories such as

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American martial arts films reflected the national move towards conservatism, reflected in films of

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in the United States. The most internationally known films of this era were the films Kurosawa with

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Japan was a difficult market for Hong Kong action cinema to break into. Prompted by the success of

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with an emphasis on sword fighting and action. It had a similar level of popularity to that of the

6962: 4328:; Soltysik Monnet, Agnieszka (December 2018). "Revisiting Adventure: Special Issue Introduction". 4287:""Hot, Black Leather, Whip": The (De)evolution of Female Protagonists in Action Cinema, 1960–2014" 4082: 2200:

youthful energy and defiance and by a propensity for violent action, identified with the films of

2152: 8145: 8093: 8073: 8058: 8006: 7895: 7841: 7725: 6887: 6765: 6217: 6021: 5224: 5195: 2347: 2296: 2111: 1995: 1786: 1471: 1442: 799: 601: 581: 353: 316: 174: 101: 4355:(2024). "Introduction: Action as Mode". In Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; Tasker, Yvonne (eds.). 4325: 212: 200:

swinging his whip to fend off villains in the backstreets of Cairo. British author and academic

8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8179: 8167: 8048: 8016: 8011: 7949: 7917: 7880: 7159: 7107: 6972: 6693: 6485: 6294: 6166: 5999: 5902: 5887: 5681: 5569: 4154: 4108: 2410: 2341: 1824:, writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst." 1310: 1054:, the emphasis is on chivalry and righteousness and allows for phantasmagoric actions over the 826: 787: 705: 605:(2005). Most Hong Kong action films in the first quarter of the 21st century, such as those in 532: 138:, writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst." 8212: 8063: 8038: 7989: 7929: 7912: 7851: 7846: 7765: 7343: 6902: 6544: 6434: 6091: 4670:

Pang, Laikwan (2005). "Post-1997 Hong Kong Masculinity". In Pang, Laikwan; Wong, Day (eds.).

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Howell, Amanda (2021). "The Action Genre and the 'International Turn' in Australian Cinema".

4360: 4259: 2510: 1654: 1606: 1601: 1432: 1344: 1276: 1203: 881: 723: 263: 161: 70: 7380: 727:(1977). This era also emphasizes the car chase scenes as moments of spectacle in films like 516:

as martial arts films flourished into the 1980s. Other films again modernized the form with

8217: 8135: 8053: 7994: 7868: 7797: 7696: 7593: 7489: 7152: 6855: 6720: 6532: 6466: 5877: 5814: 5809: 5686: 5500: 5453: 5335: 5286: 5185: 5140: 2456: 2322: 1692: 1074: 972: 840: 760: 607: 569:(2000) led to a Global release status of Chinese-language martial arts films, most notably 439: 160:

wrote that audiences are "told that spectacle over rides narrative" in action cinema while

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one-legged or otherwise handicapped action characters similar to those of Japanese films (

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in 1991, while the rise of self-referential and parodies of this era grew in films like

8140: 7603: 7523: 7447: 7333: 7323: 7225: 7117: 7097: 6997: 6977: 6745: 6673: 6579: 6564: 6495: 6200: 6136: 5994: 5974: 5865: 5515: 5436: 5370: 5360: 5323: 5047: 5019: 4775: 4576: 4087: 2359: 2312: 2187: 1713: 1671: 1640: 1533: 1420: 1387: 1298: 980: 908: 791: 456: 34: 2454:(2005) where Sithandra dies protecting Aeon and Rain's death to make way for Alice in 2450: 1449:

The most significant producers of French action films with international ambitions is

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from the United Kingdom to China set for 1997. The key directors of the genre were

1185: 1168: 1162:

started showing up in less and less films. Even internationally popular films like

1155: 808: 629: 575: 393: 422:(or "new school martial arts fiction") coming into prominence with the success of 8172: 7623: 7548: 7538: 7533: 7518: 7427: 7370: 7269: 7164: 7082: 7077: 7007: 6942: 6862: 6735: 6730: 6703: 6599: 6397: 6360: 6306: 6299: 6252: 6126: 6096: 6009: 5969: 5964: 5897: 5843: 5828: 5748: 5723: 5718: 5656: 5574: 5564: 5525: 5441: 5365: 5291: 4771: 4440: 4206: 1943: 1666: 1437: 1314: 1306: 1150: 1118: 1101: 658: 479:

In the 1970s, the Hong Kong martial arts films began to grow under the format of

7257: 5043:: making women warriors – a transnational reading of Asian female action heroes" 3720: 3696: 2266:

In the 1980s, a new symbolically transgressive character emerged in the form of

1126:(1973), with the only higher-budgeted American film to follow in its wake being 8155: 7964: 7856: 7785: 7608: 7578: 7558: 7420: 7405: 7350: 7308: 7147: 7102: 7092: 7067: 7022: 7012: 6790: 6770: 6740: 6725: 6683: 6648: 6606: 6594: 6589: 6382: 6353: 6242: 6227: 6171: 6026: 5984: 5495: 5311: 5202: 4175: 3882: 1954: 1938: 1883: 1828: 1815: 1377: 772: 694: 642: 591: 382: 371: 153: 129: 97: 61: 7464: 7262: 6554: 1381:(1979) derived from Australia's social and cultural realities, as well as how 8206: 7934: 7583: 7563: 7112: 7052: 7037: 6927: 6872: 6867: 6840: 6810: 6775: 6616: 6569: 6559: 6522: 6490: 6480: 6471: 6441: 6311: 6247: 6188: 6183: 6121: 6086: 6031: 5989: 5959: 5949: 5942: 5758: 5706: 5676: 5661: 5616: 5601: 5520: 5387: 5340: 5306: 5266: 5234: 5207: 5083: 4965: 4957: 4585: 4352: 4343: 4301: 4286: 2418: 2326: 2307: 2246: 2017: 1965: 1927: 1910: 1898: 1575: 1504: 1476: 1366: 1355: 1259: 1159: 1023:

film is the oldest genre in Chinese cinema. Stephen Teo wrote in his book on

939: 766: 748: 672: 662: 654: 556: 552: 517: 501: 472: 423: 402: 360: 201: 81: 6892: 1531:

In 2009, the action genre was re-popularized with the box office success of

7979: 7863: 7454: 7437: 7390: 7240: 7184: 6715: 6710: 6641: 6517: 6461: 6412: 6387: 6375: 6106: 5838: 5833: 5770: 5733: 5711: 5701: 5579: 5510: 5490: 5392: 5350: 5256: 5239: 4593: 2389: 2267: 2250: 2235: 2230: 2094: 2067: 2040: 2012: 1985: 1960: 1933: 1905: 1878: 1775: 1686: 1635: 1611: 1590: 1561: 1524: 1496: 1492: 1249: 1142: 1067: 1055: 984: 964: 933: 867: 586: 488: 463: 397: 255: 229: 185: 74: 2218:(1906). Women traditionally appear in action films as romantic interests, 1353:(1982) being the most notorious. Smith had previously released films like 1248:". The influence of these films was evident in early Korean films such as 8130: 7706: 7668: 7648: 7643: 7628: 7618: 7598: 7528: 7506: 7432: 7338: 7279: 7274: 7132: 6937: 6917: 6882: 6631: 6527: 6284: 6269: 6210: 6176: 5954: 5927: 5892: 5763: 5753: 5626: 5586: 5554: 5505: 5421: 5402: 5375: 5271: 5229: 4127:"Oscar Nominee RRR: Why the Indian Action Spectacle is Charming the West" 2500: 2477: 2061: 1990: 1645: 1538: 1514: 1426: 1399: 1336: 1230: 1225: 976: 872: 783: 699: 683:

The formative films would be from the 1960s to the early 1980s where the

646: 570: 513: 228:

rarely label films by a single genre and that streaming services such as

93: 66: 2652: 2650: 2140: 7984: 7939: 7873: 7753: 7658: 7638: 7588: 7568: 7553: 7543: 7459: 7410: 7220: 7027: 6967: 6785: 6678: 6621: 6549: 6507: 6338: 6156: 6141: 6111: 6069: 6038: 5728: 5591: 5355: 5296: 5276: 5166: 4499: 2505: 2383: 2201: 1757: 1649: 1454: 1450: 1404: 1361: 1240: 1235: 1146: 1136:

about people who reveled in combat, often in a tournament setting, and

1128: 1096: 953: 949: 832: 711: 624: 596: 484: 56: 38: 7469: 7415: 7313: 7252: 7245: 7087: 6982: 6932: 6653: 6539: 6402: 6348: 6151: 6074: 6064: 5937: 5932: 5547: 5542: 5532: 5458: 5431: 5407: 5345: 5318: 5261: 5065: 4558: 4481: 4462: 2647: 2303: 2254: 2241: 2034: 1798: 1567: 1270: 1215: 1211: 876: 739: 668: 650: 537: 505: 497: 468: 388: 225: 114: 89: 88:

appearing in American films of the late 1960s and 1970s drawing from

43: 6131: 4285:

Heldman, Caroline; Frankel, Laura Lazarus; Holmes, Jennifer (2016).

3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 1436:(2005). Whan asked about the Americanization of these French films, 1035:

denoting chivalry, gallantry, and qualities of knighthood. The term

7355: 7017: 6912: 6698: 6688: 6636: 6326: 5785: 5537: 5214: 4083:"How the Indian Action Spectacular 'RRR' Became a Smash in America" 2667: 2665: 2223: 2072: 1872: 1717: 1207: 803: 754: 684: 521: 431: 376: 364: 180: 112:, a return to the early forms of the genre appeared in the wake of 85: 7678: 7360: 7303: 6321: 4970:

Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema

4865:

Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema

4842:

Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema

4150:"Heroic Bloodshed: How Hong Kong's Style Was Swiped By Hollywood" 3900: 2186:

Are female action heroes truly empowering? - Dan Hassler-Forest (

1579: 1543: 1519: 778: 689: 560: 509: 451: 414: 233: 3484: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3052: 2662: 1648:

as well as a spin-off with a female lead similar to Hong Kong's

7633: 6830: 6755: 6407: 6343: 6316: 5979: 5792: 5646: 4598:

American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies

4459:

Spectacular Narratives: Hollywood in the Age of the Blockbuster

2219: 1414: 1403:

Luc Besson in 2014. Lisa Purse described Besson's France-based

969:

American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies

547: 5132: 1479:

and made him an action film star, which led him to feature in

661:, saying that action films became a distinct genre during the 8021: 7318: 6451: 6429: 6422: 6222: 4225:

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

3385: 1218:, with the starting point of the genre being traced to Woo's 1014: 963:

Film Studies began to engage generic hybridity in the 1970s.

386:

was at its height in Japan. The style was a sub-genre to the

30: 4180:

The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies

3612: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2958: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2897: 2895: 7749: 6370: 5163: 5016:

Action chicks: new images of tough women in popular culture

3648: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3534: 3532: 2336: 1700:, Kitamura's next directing work was in the United States. 508:'s series of darker swordplay films based on the novels of 236:

similarly dilutes what is marketed and received as action.

221: 5060:

Osgerby, Bill; Gough-Yates, Anna; Wells, Marianne (2001).

4418:

Renegotiating Film Genres in East Asian Cinemas and Beyond

4041: 4039: 3963: 3961: 1293:

include international films such as Hindi, Tamil, Telugu,

1198:

In the Chinese language, the term used for these films is

4131: 4024: 3803: 3801: 3496: 3460: 3448: 2970: 2946: 2934: 2907: 2892: 2567: 2565: 2563: 1638:

made their own Bruce Lee-styled martial arts films, with

1616: 5088:

Spectacular bodies: gender, genre, and the action cinema

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Action TV: tough guys, smooth operators and foxy chicks

5059: 4036: 4014: 4012: 3958: 3924: 3922: 3636: 3573: 3571: 3411: 3409: 2689: 2620: 2550: 2548: 1797:

Most martial arts films made before the mid-1960s were

7747: 4324: 3798: 3771: 3759: 2656: 2560: 3783: 3744: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3421: 3315: 3313: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2637: 2635: 2577: 2528: 2325:. This originated in television with characters like 2310:

identified action film heroines, such as the lead in

1407:

the most significant producer of French action films.

1039:

entered into popular culture in the serialization of

875:

takes on the themes that rescinded irony to restore "

504:

revitalized the genre with shaolin kung fu films and

446:) martial arts swordplay films such as Xu Zenghong's 4284: 4009: 3997: 3985: 3973: 3946: 3934: 3919: 3913: 3852: 3568: 3556: 3472: 3438: 3436: 3406: 3264: 3262: 3177: 3175: 3100: 3040: 2762: 2750: 2545: 2467: 2249:

women exacting revenge. Films of the 1970s featured

483:("staunch masculinity") mostly through the films of 4350: 3842: 3840: 3490: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3223: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3088: 3076: 3058: 2880: 2868: 2822: 2820: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2721: 2719: 2706: 2704: 2671: 4554:"Ryuhei Kitamura Interview: Directing with Napalm" 3813: 3732: 3684: 3672: 3508: 3310: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3247: 3235: 3199: 2844: 2832: 2786: 2731: 2677: 2632: 1594:(1992). Other films such as the martial arts film 871:(2008). O'Brien found that Tarantino's films were 4105:Action/Spectacle Cinema: A Sight and Sound Reader 3871:Rothkopf, Joshua; Semlyen, Phil (21 March 2022). 3433: 3373: 3259: 3211: 3187: 3172: 2596: 2233:would appear in other genres as well such as the 1684:with two manga-inspired big-budget action films, 1499:action film consolidated with two films starring 8204: 4925:Chinese Martial Arts Cinema: The Wuxia Tradition 3837: 3825: 3155: 3143: 3131: 3112: 2856: 2817: 2798: 2774: 2716: 2701: 2608: 536:(1989)) and the Wong Fei Hung saga returning in 3870: 3708: 3660: 487:which were popular. This transition led to the 4941: 3400: 1600:(2001), borrows from American cinema with the 1107: 27:Film genre featuring chases, fights and stunts 7733: 5148: 4715: 3502: 1578:have invoked Hong Kong action films, such as 1031:denoting militarist or martial qualities and 324: 5111: 1528:protagonist seeks revenge through violence. 4989:Martial Arts Cinema and Hong Kong Modernity 4716:Ryan, Mark David; McWilliam, Kelly (2021). 4631: 4415: 3466: 3454: 2983: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2901: 2626: 1491:The action film genre has been a staple of 471:(pictured) attracted a global audience for 7740: 7726: 5155: 5141: 4927:(2 ed.). Edinburgh University Press. 4634:Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back 2131: 1375:(1974) and Miller's post-apocalyptic film 657:reiterated this in her book on action and 331: 317: 170:Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back 4786: 4757: 4650: 4399:Hollywood Action Films and Spatial Theory 4300: 4030: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3589: 2496:List of female action heroes and villains 1834: 1574:From the 1980s, generations of actors in 1287: 636: 347: 4964: 4862: 4824: 4808:Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema 4434: 4174: 3873:"The 101 Best Action Movies of All Time" 3654: 3642: 2695: 2590: 2571: 2539: 2302: 2170: 1398: 952:expanded on this, describing a film as " 721:(1973) and "good ol' boy" comedies like 667: 462: 29: 5048:Jump Cut:A Review of Contemporary Media 4903:The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film 4839: 4309: 3807: 3792: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3727:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 2015 3703:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 2015 2554: 2393:(1974). While characters like Frank in 839:The fourth phase arrived following the 206:The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film 14: 8205: 5082: 5013: 4900: 4881: 4805: 4592: 4573: 4551: 4377: 4102: 4080: 3858: 3738: 3678: 3523: 3478: 3106: 3046: 3034: 3019: 3007: 2995: 2768: 2756: 2641: 1048: Legend of the Strange Swordsmen 512:. Kung Fu comedies appeared featuring 7721: 5136: 4734: 4692: 4513: 4396: 4258: 4200: 4147: 4045: 4018: 4003: 3991: 3979: 3967: 3952: 3940: 3928: 3577: 3562: 3550: 3538: 3442: 3415: 3094: 3082: 3070: 2602: 4669: 4552:Macias, Patrick (January 30, 2008). 4532: 4479: 4456: 4235: 4222: 3846: 3831: 3427: 3379: 3367: 3355: 3343: 3331: 3319: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3253: 3241: 3229: 2886: 2874: 2614: 2135: 990: 906:and is seen in other series such as 380:(1950). The film genre known as the 5036: 4986: 4922: 4614: 4292:Sexualization, Media, & Society 4264:Film Genre 2000:New Critical Essays 3819: 3714: 3690: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3166: 3149: 3137: 3125: 2862: 2850: 2838: 2826: 2811: 2792: 2780: 2744: 2725: 2710: 2683: 1339:or bush/outback films. In the book 1179: 1044: 776:(1985)) or imbued with technology ( 24: 7495:List of American independent films 5007: 4672:Masculinities and Hong Kong Cinema 4268:State University of New York Press 4064:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 3914:Heldman, Frankel & Holmes 2016 2657:Höglund & Soltysik Monnet 2018 2284:(1991) and the title character in 168:O'Brien wrote further in his book 141: 25: 8259: 5105: 4238:The South Korean Film Renaissance 3491:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024 3059:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024 2672:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024 1729:). These included Im Kwon-taek's 1634:and the popularity of Bruce Lee, 1082:The kung fu film came out of the 7701: 7692: 7691: 4537:. McFarland & Company, Inc. 4081:Abrams, Simon (August 3, 2022). 3864: 2470: 2139: 1483:series by the end of the 2010s. 1475:franchise starred British actor 1001:In Chinese-language films, both 927: 758:(1988)) and mercenary warriors ( 752:(1987)), rogue police officers ( 254: 5162: 4737:Film Genre for the Screenwriter 4653:The Action and Adventure Cinema 3889:from the original on 2020-08-28 1813:Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in 1805:films were an integral part of 1061: 770:(1983), trained to be weapons ( 127:Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in 5112:Taylor, John (April 1, 1991). 5090:. London New York: Routledge. 5041:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 4991:. Hong Kong University Press. 4972:. Hong Kong University Press. 4867:. Hong Kong University Press. 4535:The American Martial Arts Film 4487:The Journal of Popular Culture 4437:A Companion to the Action Film 4351:Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; 4184:University of California Press 4148:Bitel, Anton (July 10, 2019). 1164:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 786:and production companies like 566:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon 13: 1: 5114:"Hollywood's New Action Toys" 5014:Inness, Sherrie, ed. (2004). 2521: 2491:List of action film directors 1644:and its two sequels starring 1412:portion. These films include 1086:films. In comparison to the 1058:'s more ground-based combat. 4882:Tasker, Yvonne, ed. (2004). 4772:10.1080/14746689.2014.937579 4480:Kwon, Jungmin (April 2023). 2516:List of female action heroes 2207: 2194: 1801:productions. In comparison, 1792: 1469:(2010). EuropaCorp produced 1320: 1258:(1990) and later films such 922: 442:a campaign of "new school" ( 7: 4907:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4884:Action and Adventure Cinema 4760:South Asian Popular Culture 4600:. Oxford University Press. 4580:. Vol. 7, no. 4. 2463: 2215:The Story of the Kelly Gang 1108:American-styled productions 10: 8264: 7386:Classical Hollywood cinema 6575:Commedia sexy all'italiana 5483:Exploitation film template 5427:Commedia sexy all'italiana 4846:Hong Kong University Press 4699:Edinburgh University Press 4695:Contemporary Action Cinema 4676:Hong Kong University Press 4331:Journal of Popular Culture 4055: 2486:List of action film actors 2292:Contemporary Action Cinema 2281:Terminator 2: Judgment Day 2089:Terminator 2: Judgment Day 1822:The Way Hollywood Tells It 1737:(1970) and Lee Doo-yong's 1457:, who released films like 1297:, South Korean, Japanese, 1183: 1065: 1012: 994: 948:Screenwriter and academic 937: 931: 815:Terminator 2: Judgment Day 351: 239: 158:The Way Hollywood Tells It 136:The Way Hollywood Tells It 106:computer generated imagery 7761: 7687: 7290: 7208: 6953:German underground horror 6908:Documentary Film Movement 6816:American eccentric cinema 6801: 6047: 5173: 5037:Kim, L.S. (Winter 2006). 4828:Journal of Film and Video 4791:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 4615:Mes, Tom (May 17, 2004). 4441:Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 4242:Wesleyan University Press 4207:Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 4066:. Intellect Books. 2015. 4062: 3726: 3702: 3503:Ryan & McWilliam 2021 1588:(1994) which is based on 1394: 1145:and other actors such as 543:Once Upon a Time in China 149:Journal of Film and Video 104:and the growing using of 4789:Action Cinema Since 2000 4632:O'Brien, Harvey (2012). 4357:Action Cinema Since 2000 4302:10.1177/2374623815627789 4203:A Companion to Film Noir 4125: 3666: 2332:Buffy the Vampire Slayer 1773:(2000) and action films 1731:Returned Left-Handed Man 1703: 1623: 1486: 1008: 958:A Companion to Film Noir 218:Action Cinema Since 2000 6888:Cinema of Transgression 6022:Cinema of Transgression 4901:Tasker, Yvonne (2015). 4806:Sharpe, Jasper (2011). 4516:Hong Kong Action Cinema 2369:(2010) and series like 2348:Lara Croft: Tomb Raider 2297:The Long Kiss Goodnight 2132:Gender in action cinema 2112:Raiders of the Lost Ark 1787:Hong Kong action cinema 1739:Returned One-Legged Man 1733:(1968), Aekkunun Bak's 1727:The One-Armed Swordsmen 1725:) and Hong Kong films ( 1443:Brotherhood of the Wolf 800:Hong Kong action cinema 582:House of Flying Daggers 448:Temple of the Red Lotus 354:Hong Kong action cinema 175:Raiders of the Lost Ark 108:in film. Following the 102:Hong Kong action cinema 7108:The Prague film school 6973:Hollywood on the Tiber 4987:Yip, Man-Fung (2017). 4518:. The Overlook Press. 4420:. Palgrave MacMillan. 4155:British Film Institute 4109:British Film Institute 2411:My Super Ex-Girlfriend 2342:Xena: Warrior Princess 2317: 2226:to male protagonists. 2191: 1835:Acclaimed action films 1408: 1288:Regional action cinema 788:The Cannon Group, Inc. 680: 637:Hollywood action films 476: 348:Hong Kong action films 48: 6963:Grupo Cine Liberación 6903:Czechoslovak New Wave 6898:Commedia all'italiana 5245:Commedia all'italiana 4923:Teo, Stephen (2016). 4718:Australian Genre Film 4533:Lott, M. Ray (2004). 4380:Australian Genre Film 4361:Bloomsbury Publishing 4236:Choi, Jinhee (2011). 4103:Arroyo, Jose (2000). 2511:Lists of action films 2306: 2185: 1807:Hong Kong cinema 1655:Sister Street Fighter 1602:Jean-Claude Van Damme 1402: 1345:Brian Trenchard-Smith 1341:Australian Genre Film 1204:handover of Hong Kong 882:Live Free or Die Hard 734:The French Connection 724:Smokey and the Bandit 671: 665:period of the 1970s. 466: 420:xinpai wuxia xiaoshuo 162:Wheeler Winston Dixon 71:science fiction films 33: 18:Action adventure film 7490:Guerrilla filmmaking 7153:Kitchen sink realism 7038:New French Extremity 6948:German Expressionist 6856:Kitchen sink realism 6721:Contemporary Western 6501:Environmental issues 6032:New French Extremity 5990:New French Extremity 5815:Softcore pornography 5810:Hardcore pornography 5677:New French Extremity 4741:Taylor & Francis 4735:Selbo, Jule (2014). 4693:Purse, Lisa (2011). 4636:. Wallflower Press. 4457:King, Geoff (2000). 4397:Jones, Nick (2015). 2445:Mr. & Mrs. Smith 1495:. In the 1970s, the 1466:From Paris with Love 841:September 11 attacks 110:September 11 attacks 7226:Children and family 7200:Yugoslav Black Wave 7073:Nuevo Cine Mexicano 6958:Nigerian Golden Age 6923:European art cinema 6826:Australian New Wave 5064:. London New York: 4810:. Scarecrow Press. 4514:Logan, Bey (1995). 3621:, pp. 163–164. 3553:, pp. 172–173. 3541:, pp. 173–174. 3401:Van Den Troost 2024 3073:, pp. 229–232. 1831:and sound editing. 1041:Jinaghu qixia zhuan 856:Kill Bill: Volume 2 850:Kill Bill: Volume 1 409:The Hidden Fortress 7776:Mixed martial arts 7524:Major film studios 7118:Pure Film Movement 7098:Polish Film School 6998:Italian neorealist 6978:Hong Kong New Wave 6580:Mexican sex comedy 5637:German underground 5020:Palgrave Macmillan 4577:Film International 4500:10.1111/jpcu.13188 4162:on August 31, 2021 4135:. January 24, 2023 4088:The New York Times 3657:, p. 112-113. 2318: 2192: 2188:Utrecht University 2151:. You can help by 1799:Cantonese-language 1641:The Street Fighter 1421:Kiss of the Dragon 1409: 1388:Mad Max: Fury Road 792:martial arts films 681: 675:in 1968, the year 477: 467:The popularity of 457:Come Drink with Me 428:Longhu Dou Jinghua 49: 35:Sylvester Stallone 8200: 8199: 8099:Extraterrestrials 7923:Sword and sorcery 7715: 7714: 7654:Socialist realist 7366:Behind-the-scenes 7143:Socialist realist 7138:Spaghetti Western 7128:Romanian New Wave 7003:Japanese New Wave 6669:Sword and sorcery 6585:Nazi exploitation 6167:Mumbai underworld 5923:Planetary romance 5119:New York Magazine 5097:978-0-203-22184-6 5075:978-0-415-22621-9 5029:978-1-4039-6396-3 4998:978-988-8390-71-7 4934:978-1-4744-0386-3 4915:978-0-470-65924-3 4817:978-0-8108-7541-8 4750:978-1-317-69568-4 4708:978-0-7486-3817-8 4643:978-0-231-16331-6 4617:"Ryuhei Kitamura" 4427:978-3-030-55076-9 4260:Dixon, Wheeler W. 4073:978-1-78320-403-8 4048:, pp. 82–83. 3970:, pp. 78–79. 3430:, pp. 35–37. 2931:, pp. 13–14. 2335:(1997–2003)) and 2183: 2169: 2168: 2129: 2128: 1803:Mandarin-language 1747:Rules of The Game 1714:James Bond series 1658:. The success of 1265:A Better Tomorrow 1221:A Better Tomorrow 997:Martial arts film 991:Martial arts film 967:wrote in 1979 in 845:Quentin Tarantino 559:. The release of 527:A Better Tomorrow 436:Shujian enchou lu 341: 340: 16:(Redirected from 8255: 7742: 7735: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7705: 7695: 7694: 7674:Vulgar auteurism 7502:Interstitial art 7480:Hyperlink cinema 7195:Vulgar auteurism 7190:Toronto New Wave 7180:Telefoni Bianchi 7175:Sword-and-sandal 6993:Italian futurist 6988:Iranian New Wave 6851:British New Wave 6664:Sword-and-sandal 6545:Rape and revenge 6486:Mouth of Garbage 6332:Tentacle erotica 6280:Goona-goona epic 6260:Extraterrestrial 6147:Heroic bloodshed 5781:Occult detective 5612:Christmas horror 5464:Sword-and-sandal 5196:Hong Kong action 5191:Heroic bloodshed 5157: 5150: 5143: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5127: 5126: 5101: 5079: 5056: 5033: 5002: 4983: 4961: 4938: 4919: 4897: 4878: 4859: 4836: 4821: 4802: 4783: 4754: 4731: 4712: 4689: 4666: 4647: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4611: 4589: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4548: 4529: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4476: 4453: 4431: 4412: 4393: 4374: 4347: 4321: 4306: 4304: 4281: 4255: 4232: 4219: 4197: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4158:. Archived from 4144: 4142: 4140: 4122: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4077: 4049: 4043: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3917: 3911: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3796: 3790: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3527: 3521: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3467:Kelso-Marsh 2020 3464: 3458: 3455:Kelso-Marsh 2020 3452: 3446: 3440: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3404: 3398: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3170: 3164: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2968: 2967:, p. 15-16. 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2815: 2809: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2729: 2723: 2714: 2708: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2660: 2654: 2645: 2639: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2575: 2569: 2558: 2552: 2543: 2537: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2440:Charlie's Angels 2400:Charlie's Angels 2354:Charlie's Angels 2323:soft pornography 2184: 2164: 2161: 2143: 2136: 2121:Steven Spielberg 2025:/ United States 2007:Enter the Dragon 1915:United States / 1848: 1847: 1660:Enter the Dragon 1631:Enter the Dragon 1537:(2009) starring 1501:Amitabh Bachchan 1493:Bollywood cinema 1453:'s France-based 1332:Crocodile Dundee 1186:Heroic bloodshed 1180:Heroic bloodshed 1169:Bulletproof Monk 1156:Cynthia Rothrock 1134:Enter the Dragon 1124:Enter the Dragon 1049: 1046: 821:Independence Day 809:Last Action Hero 630:Infernal Affairs 333: 326: 319: 258: 244: 243: 84:and the rise of 21: 8263: 8262: 8258: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8203: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8079:Science fiction 8069:Romantic comedy 7757: 7746: 7716: 7711: 7683: 7624:Semidocumentary 7549:Minimalist film 7539:Message picture 7534:Maximalist film 7428:Database cinema 7411:Computer screen 7371:Black-and-white 7296: 7294: 7292: 7286: 7204: 7160:Soviet parallel 7083:Parallel cinema 7078:Pan-Indian film 7008:Kammerspielfilm 6943:French New Wave 6863:Budapest school 6846:Brighton School 6821:New Objectivity 6803: 6797: 6766:Science fiction 6398:Bruceploitation 6307:Girls with guns 6253:Turksploitation 6127:Gentleman thief 6043: 5878:Science fiction 5724:Minimalist film 5719:Maximalist film 5697:Science fiction 5657:Japanese horror 5454:Social guidance 5169: 5161: 5124: 5122: 5108: 5098: 5076: 5030: 5010: 5008:Further reading 5005: 4999: 4980: 4935: 4916: 4894: 4875: 4856: 4818: 4799: 4751: 4728: 4709: 4686: 4663: 4644: 4622: 4620: 4608: 4564: 4562: 4545: 4526: 4504: 4502: 4473: 4450: 4428: 4409: 4390: 4371: 4278: 4252: 4216: 4194: 4176:Bordwell, David 4165: 4163: 4138: 4136: 4119: 4093: 4091: 4074: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4044: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3990: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3966: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3920: 3912: 3901: 3892: 3890: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3799: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3537: 3530: 3522: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3407: 3399: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3366: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3232:, pp. 7–8. 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3208:, pp. 4–5. 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3037:, pp. 3–4. 3033: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2908: 2900: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2853:, pp. 8–9. 2849: 2845: 2841:, pp. 7–8. 2837: 2833: 2825: 2818: 2810: 2799: 2795:, pp. 6–7. 2791: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2732: 2724: 2717: 2709: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2663: 2659:, p. 1302. 2655: 2648: 2640: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2589: 2578: 2570: 2561: 2553: 2546: 2538: 2529: 2524: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2395:The Transporter 2210: 2197: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2149:needs expansion 2134: 1837: 1795: 1782:Nowhere to Hide 1706: 1667:Ryuhei Kitamura 1626: 1489: 1481:The Expendables 1438:Christophe Gans 1397: 1323: 1317:action titles. 1290: 1234:(2003) and the 1214:, and producer 1188: 1182: 1151:direct-to-video 1119:The Born Losers 1110: 1070: 1064: 1047: 1017: 1011: 999: 993: 973:science fiction 942: 936: 930: 925: 894:The Expendables 718:White Lightning 695:vigilante films 659:adventure films 639: 620:The White Storm 356: 350: 337: 308: 242: 144: 142:Characteristics 121:The Expendables 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8261: 8251: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8193: 8192: 8187: 8177: 8176: 8175: 8170: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8127: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7915: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7866: 7861: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7844: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7827: 7825:Blaxploitation 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7745: 7744: 7737: 7730: 7722: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7699: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7609:Reverse motion 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7559:Modernist film 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7504: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7421:midnight movie 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7300: 7298: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7235: 7234: 7233: 7223: 7218: 7212: 7210: 7209:By demographic 7206: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7155: 7148:Social realist 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7103:Poliziotteschi 7100: 7095: 7093:Poetic realist 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7048:New generation 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7023:Modernist film 7020: 7015: 7013:L.A. Rebellion 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6878:Cinéma du look 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6807: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6791:Zapata Western 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6771:Singing cowboy 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6726:Dacoit Western 6723: 6718: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6607:Shoshimin-eiga 6604: 6603: 6602: 6597: 6595:Nunsploitation 6592: 6590:Pornochanchada 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6373: 6363: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6265:Food and drink 6262: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6243:Blaxploitation 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6198: 6197: 6196: 6186: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6174: 6172:Poliziotteschi 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6027:Extreme cinema 6024: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5802: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5607:Chinese horror 5604: 5599: 5594: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5488: 5487: 5486: 5473: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5242: 5237: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5160: 5159: 5152: 5145: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5107: 5106:External links 5104: 5103: 5102: 5096: 5084:Tasker, Yvonne 5080: 5074: 5057: 5034: 5028: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4984: 4978: 4966:Willemen, Paul 4962: 4939: 4933: 4920: 4914: 4898: 4892: 4879: 4873: 4860: 4854: 4837: 4822: 4816: 4803: 4797: 4784: 4766:(2): 111–121. 4755: 4749: 4732: 4726: 4713: 4707: 4690: 4684: 4667: 4662:978-0415235075 4661: 4648: 4642: 4629: 4619:. Midnight Eye 4612: 4606: 4590: 4571: 4549: 4543: 4530: 4524: 4511: 4494:(2): 302–323. 4477: 4471: 4454: 4449:978-1119100492 4448: 4432: 4426: 4413: 4407: 4394: 4388: 4375: 4369: 4353:Tasker, Yvonne 4348: 4326:Höglund, Johan 4322: 4313:Cinema Journal 4307: 4282: 4276: 4256: 4251:978-0819569868 4250: 4233: 4220: 4214: 4198: 4192: 4172: 4145: 4123: 4117: 4100: 4078: 4072: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4035: 4033:, p. 215. 4023: 4008: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3918: 3899: 3883:Time Out Group 3863: 3851: 3836: 3824: 3822:, p. 170. 3812: 3810:, p. 103. 3797: 3782: 3780:, p. 101. 3770: 3768:, p. 100. 3758: 3743: 3731: 3719: 3707: 3695: 3693:, p. 166. 3683: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3645:, p. 112. 3635: 3633:, p. 113. 3631:Shandilya 2014 3623: 3619:Shandilya 2024 3611: 3609:, p. 112. 3607:Shandilya 2014 3594: 3592:, p. 163. 3590:Shandilya 2024 3582: 3580:, p. 174. 3567: 3565:, p. 173. 3555: 3543: 3528: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3447: 3432: 3420: 3418:, p. 126. 3405: 3403:, p. 234. 3384: 3372: 3370:, p. 206. 3360: 3358:, p. 200. 3348: 3346:, p. 199. 3336: 3334:, p. 101. 3324: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3171: 3154: 3142: 3130: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3024: 3022:, p. 180. 3012: 3010:, p. 182. 3000: 2998:, p. 179. 2988: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2933: 2921: 2906: 2891: 2889:, p. 120. 2879: 2877:, p. 118. 2867: 2855: 2843: 2831: 2816: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2749: 2747:, p. 157. 2730: 2715: 2700: 2698:, p. 226. 2688: 2686:, p. 147. 2676: 2661: 2646: 2631: 2619: 2607: 2595: 2576: 2574:, p. 104. 2559: 2544: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2465: 2462: 2405:Fantastic Four 2257:in films like 2253:women such as 2209: 2206: 2196: 2193: 2167: 2166: 2146: 2144: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2125:United States 2123: 2118: 2115: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2102:United States 2100: 2099:James Cameron 2097: 2092: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1970:United States 1968: 1963: 1958: 1955:The Wild Bunch 1951: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1939:Akira Kurosawa 1936: 1931: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1917:United Kingdom 1913: 1908: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1884:John McTiernan 1881: 1876: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1836: 1833: 1829:visual effects 1816:Cinema Journal 1794: 1791: 1705: 1702: 1669:, director of 1625: 1622: 1488: 1485: 1440:, director of 1396: 1393: 1369:'s biker film 1322: 1319: 1289: 1286: 1193:Eastern Heroes 1184:Main article: 1181: 1178: 1109: 1106: 1066:Main article: 1063: 1060: 1013:Main article: 1010: 1007: 995:Main article: 992: 989: 932:Main article: 929: 926: 924: 921: 773:American Ninja 638: 635: 592:Kung Fu Hustle 518:gangster films 494:Golden Harvest 374:'s films like 372:Akira Kurosawa 352:Main article: 349: 346: 339: 338: 336: 335: 328: 321: 313: 310: 309: 307: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 270: 267: 266: 260: 259: 251: 250: 241: 238: 216:In their book 154:David Bordwell 143: 140: 130:Cinema Journal 62:David Bordwell 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8260: 8249: 8248:2010s in film 8246: 8244: 8243:2000s in film 8241: 8239: 8238:1990s in film 8236: 8234: 8233:1980s in film 8231: 8229: 8228:1970s in film 8226: 8224: 8223:1960s in film 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8181: 8178: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8114:Sci-fi horror 8112: 8110: 8109:Sci-fi comedy 8107: 8105: 8104:Sci-fi action 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8028: 8027:Giant-monster 8025: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7945:Comedy horror 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7931: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7875: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7832: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7755: 7751: 7743: 7738: 7736: 7731: 7729: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7698: 7690: 7689: 7686: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7604:Postmodernist 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7594:Participatory 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7564:Musical short 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7475:Found footage 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7381:Cinéma vérité 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7297:or production 7289: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7251: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7113:Prussian film 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7058:New Nollywood 7056: 7054: 7053:New Hollywood 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6873:Cannibal boom 6871: 6869: 6868:Calligrafismo 6866: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6836:Berlin School 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6800: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6786:Weird Western 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6617:Slice of life 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6570:Bavarian porn 6568: 6567: 6566: 6565:Sexploitation 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6523:Partisan film 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6491:Muslim social 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6473: 6472:Zombie comedy 6470: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6447:Giant monster 6445: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6248:Mexploitation 6246: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6102:Coming-of-age 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6017:Transgressive 6015: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 6000:Psychological 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5950:Slice of life 5948: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5687:Psychological 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5662:Korean horror 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5632:Found footage 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5521:Magic realism 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5437:Sexploitation 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5388:Calligrafismo 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5341:City symphony 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5158: 5153: 5151: 5146: 5144: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5099: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5012: 5011: 5000: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4979:1-932643-19-2 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4895: 4893:0-203-64515-4 4889: 4886:. Routledge. 4885: 4880: 4876: 4874:1-932643-19-2 4870: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4855:1-932643-19-2 4851: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4798:9781839022784 4794: 4790: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4727:9780429469121 4723: 4720:. Routledge. 4719: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4685:962-209-737-5 4681: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4655:. Routledge. 4654: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4594:Monaco, James 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4561: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4544:0-7864-1836-2 4540: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4525:0-87951-663-1 4521: 4517: 4512: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4474: 4472:9781860645730 4468: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4429: 4423: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4408:9781138057050 4404: 4401:. Routledge. 4400: 4395: 4391: 4389:9780429469121 4385: 4382:. Routledge. 4381: 4376: 4372: 4370:9781839022784 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4215:9781444336276 4211: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4193:9780520246225 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4134: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4118:0-85170-757-2 4114: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4047: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4027: 4021:, p. 82. 4020: 4015: 4013: 4006:, p. 80. 4005: 4000: 3994:, p. 81. 3993: 3988: 3982:, p. 79. 3981: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3955:, p. 78. 3954: 3949: 3943:, p. 77. 3942: 3937: 3931:, p. 76. 3930: 3925: 3923: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3855: 3848: 3843: 3841: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3802: 3795:, p. 99. 3794: 3789: 3787: 3779: 3774: 3767: 3762: 3756:, p. 97. 3755: 3750: 3748: 3740: 3735: 3729:, p. 78. 3728: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3705:, p. 77. 3704: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3680: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3655:Srinivas 2005 3651: 3644: 3643:Srinivas 2005 3639: 3632: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3572: 3564: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3540: 3535: 3533: 3525: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3487: 3481:, p. 31. 3480: 3475: 3469:, p. 60. 3468: 3463: 3457:, p. 59. 3456: 3451: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3429: 3424: 3417: 3412: 3410: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3381: 3376: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3322:, p. 69. 3321: 3316: 3314: 3307:, p. 67. 3306: 3301: 3295:, p. 19. 3294: 3289: 3283:, p. 15. 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3256:, p. 42. 3255: 3250: 3244:, p. 28. 3243: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3220:, p. 49. 3219: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3196:, p. 48. 3195: 3190: 3184:, p. 26. 3183: 3178: 3176: 3168: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3151: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3109:, p. 56. 3108: 3103: 3097:, p. 44. 3096: 3091: 3085:, p. 34. 3084: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3060: 3055: 3049:, p. 17. 3048: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3021: 3016: 3009: 3004: 2997: 2992: 2986:, p. 16. 2985: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2961: 2955:, p. 15. 2954: 2949: 2943:, p. 14. 2942: 2937: 2930: 2925: 2919:, p. 13. 2918: 2913: 2911: 2904:, p. 12. 2903: 2898: 2896: 2888: 2883: 2876: 2871: 2865:, pp. 9. 2864: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2840: 2835: 2829:, pp. 7. 2828: 2823: 2821: 2814:, pp. 8. 2813: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2794: 2789: 2783:, pp. 6. 2782: 2777: 2771:, p. 44. 2770: 2765: 2759:, p. 43. 2758: 2753: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2727: 2722: 2720: 2712: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2696:Willemen 2005 2692: 2685: 2680: 2673: 2668: 2666: 2658: 2653: 2651: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2628: 2623: 2616: 2611: 2604: 2599: 2593:, p. 19. 2592: 2591:Soberson 2021 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2573: 2572:Bordwell 2006 2568: 2566: 2564: 2557:, p. 74. 2556: 2551: 2549: 2542:, p. 36. 2541: 2540:Kendrick 2019 2536: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2457:Resident Evil 2453: 2452: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2420: 2419:post-feminism 2415: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2378:Resident Evil 2374: 2373: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2327:Buffy Summers 2324: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2308:Yvonne Tasker 2305: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2287:China O'Brien 2283: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2247:working-class 2244: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2236:femme fatales 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216: 2205: 2203: 2189: 2163: 2154: 2150: 2147:This section 2145: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2046:George Miller 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2018:Robert Clouse 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1966:Sam Peckinpah 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1928:Seven Samurai 1925: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1912: 1911:James Cameron 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1889:United States 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1585:Hello Brother 1581: 1577: 1576:Telugu cinema 1572: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1526: 1525:body builders 1522: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1505:Prakash Mehra 1502: 1498: 1494: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1477:Jason Statham 1474: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1406: 1401: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1383:George Miller 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367:Sandy Harbutt 1364: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1356:Deathcheaters 1352: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1327: 1318: 1316: 1313:, French and 1312: 1311:South African 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1260:Song Hae-sung 1257: 1256: 1255:General's Son 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1187: 1177: 1173: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1160:Steven Seagal 1157: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 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Retrieved 3876: 3866: 3861:, p. 8. 3854: 3827: 3815: 3808:Soyoung 2005 3793:Soyoung 2005 3778:Soyoung 2005 3773: 3766:Soyoung 2005 3761: 3754:Soyoung 2005 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3614: 3585: 3558: 3546: 3498: 3493:, p. 3. 3486: 3474: 3462: 3450: 3423: 3382:, p. 8. 3375: 3363: 3351: 3339: 3327: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3271:, p. 1. 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3169:, p. 4. 3152:, p. 3. 3145: 3140:, p. 1. 3133: 3128:, p. 2. 3102: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3061:, p. 2. 3054: 3042: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2984:O'Brien 2012 2965:O'Brien 2012 2960: 2953:O'Brien 2012 2948: 2941:O'Brien 2012 2936: 2929:O'Brien 2012 2924: 2917:O'Brien 2012 2902:O'Brien 2012 2882: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2728:, p. 5. 2713:, p. 4. 2691: 2679: 2674:, p. 1. 2644:, p. 2. 2629:, p. 6. 2627:O'Brien 2012 2622: 2617:, p. 4. 2610: 2605:, p. 4. 2598: 2555:Higgins 2008 2455: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2416: 2409: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390:Big Bad Mama 2388: 2382: 2376: 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1779:(1999) and 1767:(2000) and 1646:Sonny Chiba 1597:Bhadrachlam 1565:(2012) and 1539:Salman Khan 1515:Yash Chopra 1513:(1973) and 1472:Transporter 1463:(1998) and 1430:(2004) and 1427:District 13 1359:(1976) and 1337:road movies 1274:(2013) and 1231:Bad Boys II 1226:Michael Bay 1200:jinghungpin 885:(2007) and 873:post-modern 865:(2007) and 853:(2003) and 824:(1996) and 784:Joel Silver 715:(1971) and 703:(1971) and 700:Dirty Harry 617:(2016) and 602:The Promise 595:(2004) and 579:(2002) and 571:Zhang Yimou 514:Jackie Chan 450:(1965) and 430:(1954) and 178:(1981) and 94:crime films 53:action film 8207:Categories 7901:Historical 7830:Children's 7756:and themes 7589:Paracinema 7574:Neorealist 7569:Mythopoeia 7554:Mockbuster 7519:Low-budget 7460:Featurette 7293:technique, 7291:By format, 7170:Surrealist 7165:Structural 7043:New German 7033:Neorealist 7028:Mumblecore 6968:Heimatfilm 6928:Film d'art 6893:Cinéma pur 6627:South Seas 6600:Sex report 5866:Paranormal 5829:Propaganda 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2011 3428:Pang 2005 3380:Lott 2004 3368:Lott 2004 3356:Lott 2004 3344:Lott 2004 3332:Lott 2004 3320:Lott 2004 3305:Lott 2004 3293:Lott 2004 3281:Lott 2004 3269:Lott 2004 3254:Lott 2004 3242:Lott 2004 3230:Lott 2004 2887:Chen 2022 2875:Chen 2022 2615:King 2000 2451:Aeon Flux 2431:Kill Bill 2255:Pam Grier 2242:film noir 2224:sidekicks 2208:Hollywood 2195:Hong Kong 2078:Hong Kong 2051:Australia 2035:Mad Max 2 2023:Hong Kong 1996:Hong Kong 1860:Director 1793:Reception 1698:LoveDeath 1607:Kickboxer 1568:Dabangg 2 1559:(2011), 1556:Bodyguard 1497:Bollywood 1433:Unleashed 1385:'s later 1321:Australia 1303:Brazilian 1295:Malayalam 1277:New World 1271:Cold Eyes 1216:Tsui Hark 1212:Ringo Lam 979:, crime, 923:Subgenres 877:cinephile 740:Mad Max 2 651:war films 538:Tsui Hark 506:Chor Yuen 498:Bruce Lee 469:Bruce Lee 264:By decade 226:Knowledge 115:Kill Bill 90:war films 86:antiheros 44:Rambo III 8168:Anti-war 8146:Thriller 8094:Dystopia 8049:Neo-noir 7950:Disaster 7935:Cannibal 7881:Disaster 7697:Category 7584:One-shot 7448:Abstract 7334:Computer 7018:Lettrist 6913:Dogme 95 6841:Bourekas 6811:Absolute 6751:Northern 6746:Meat pie 6699:Euro War 6694:Anti-war 6560:Rumberas 6481:Mountain 6383:Luchador 6339:Homeland 6327:Shotacon 6300:Suburban 6228:Economic 6189:Disaster 6122:Gangster 6097:Colonial 6087:Cannibal 6048:By theme 6005:Romantic 5960:Thriller 5918:New Wave 5913:Military 5871:Thriller 5839:Romantic 5786:Whodunit 5759:Operetta 5739:Arthouse 5707:Splatter 5602:Cannibal 5592:Arthouse 5575:Suburban 5565:Southern 5538:Neo-noir 5442:Thriller 5336:Animated 5324:Japanese 5292:Romantic 5282:Thriller 5208:Survival 5186:Arthouse 5174:By style 5086:(2002). 4596:(1979). 4505:June 21, 4262:(2000). 4178:(2006). 3887:Archived 3878:Time Out 3820:Yip 2017 3715:Mes 2004 3691:Yip 2017 3667:BBC 2023 3218:Yip 2017 3206:Teo 2016 3194:Yip 2017 3182:Yip 2017 3167:Teo 2016 3150:Teo 2016 3138:Teo 2016 3126:Teo 2016 2863:Yip 2017 2851:Yip 2017 2839:Yip 2017 2827:Yip 2017 2812:Yip 2017 2793:Yip 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In 1045:transl. 779:RoboCop 729:Bullitt 690:Bullitt 677:Bullitt 561:Ang Lee 510:Gu Long 452:King Hu 415:Yojimbo 398:Western 240:History 234:Netflix 198:Raiders 146:In the 124:films. 8151:Erotic 8136:Sports 8074:Satire 8054:Prison 7995:Zombie 7960:Ghosts 7940:Clowns 7930:Horror 7913:Erotic 7852:Parody 7847:Comedy 7798:Pirate 7766:Action 7707:Portal 7644:Silent 7634:Shinpa 7629:Serial 7614:Satire 7599:Poetry 7529:Masala 7258:Shōnen 7241:Seinen 6756:Ostern 6741:Horror 6674:Travel 6632:Sports 6555:Rubble 6528:Prison 6496:Nature 6467:Zombie 6408:Gun fu 6344:Isekai 6317:Hentai 6285:Gothic 6211:Stoner 6177:Yakuza 6132:Gokudō 6080:Female 6010:Techno 5980:Giallo 5970:Erotic 5965:Comedy 5908:Horror 5903:Gothic 5888:Comedy 5861:Gothic 5844:Comedy 5793:Giallo 5647:Giallo 5617:Comedy 5587:Horror 5555:Gothic 5496:Comedy 5422:Erotic 5413:Korean 5371:Travel 5361:Pseudo 5307:Silent 5272:Parody 5267:Horror 5235:Action 5230:Comedy 5181:Action 5167:genres 5094: 5072: 5026: 4995: 4976: 4956: 4945:Screen 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