20:
100:
51:, in which sister chromatids are identically separated at the opposite sides of the spindle forming nuclei (Figure 1). The actomyosin ring follows an orderly sequence of events: identification of the active division site, formation of the ring, constriction of the ring, and disassembly of the ring. It is composed of
63:
proteins are also involved in maintaining the stability of the ring and driving its constriction. Apart from cytokinesis, in which the ring constricts as the cells divide (Figure 2), actomyosin ring constriction has also been found to activate during
151:
form an analogous structure out of FtsZ. These structures are not made out of actomyosin, but serve a similar role in constricting and permitting cytokinesis. In plant cells, there is no actomyosin ring. Instead, a
68:. During this process, actin filaments are degraded, preserving the thickness of the ring. After cytokinesis is complete, one of the two daughter cells inherits a remnant known as the midbody ring.
59:
bundles, thus the term actomyosin. The actomyosin ring operates in contractile motion, although the mechanism on how or what triggers the constriction is still an evolving topic. Other
759:
Alberts, B., A. Johnson, J. Lewis, D. Morgan, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and P. Walter, editors. (2015). Molecular
Biology of the Cell, 6th edition. Garland Science: New York. 1464 pp.
421:
Kucera, Ondrej; Siahaan, Valerie; Janda, Daniel; Dijkstra, Sietske H; Pilatova, Eliska; Zatecka, Eva; Diez, Stefan; Braun, Marcus; Lansky, Zdenek (2021).
120:
75:) during telophase initiates constriction of the actomyosin ring by creating a groove that migrates in an inward motion. Rho-kinases such as
258:
169:
23:
Fig.1. Cell cycle showing the formation of the actomyosin ring during telophase or early cytokinesis stage.
136:
829:
156:
grows centrifugally outwards from the center of the plane of division until it fuses with the existing
769:
Bi, E.; Maddox, P.; Lew, D. J.; Salmon, E. D.; McMillan, J. N.; Yeh, E.; Pringle, J. R. (1998).
8:
325:"Force to divide: Structural and mechanical requirements for actomyosin ring contraction"
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771:"Involvement of an actomyosin contractile ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytokinesis"
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Fededa, J. P.; Gerlich, D. W. (2012). "Molecular control of animal cell cytokinesis".
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611:"Orchestrating vesicle transport, ESCRTs and kinase surveillance during abscission"
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Schwayer, C.; Sikora, M.; Slováková, J.; Kardos, R.; Heisenberg, C. P. (2016).
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194:"Actomyosin Ring Formation and Tension Generation in Eukaryotic Cytokinesis"
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87:(MLC). This mechanism promotes cell-cell contacts and integrity leading to
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804:
389:
99:
562:"Dissecting the roles of ROCK isoforms in stress-induced cell detachment"
40:
19:
680:
292:
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153:
72:
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Mana-Capelli, Sebastian; McCollum, Dannel (2013). "Actomyosin Ring".
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48:
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Cheffings, T. H.; Burroughs, N. J.; Balasubramanian, M. K. (2016).
128:
191:
144:
132:
513:"Centrosome asymmetry and inheritance during animal development"
423:"Anillin propels myosin-independent constriction of actin rings"
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is heavily involved in the formation of the fungal AMR. In most
124:
469:
170:
Cytokinesis § Actin-myosin ring assembly and contraction
76:
52:
140:
420:
374:"Embryonic ring closure: Actomyosin rings do the two-step"
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has been found to regulate actomyosin contraction through
322:
103:
Fig. 2. The actomyosin ring induces formation of the
713:"Actomyosin ring driven cytokinesis in budding yeast"
119:
then splits by abscission. In fungi, it forms at the
240:
510:
768:
323:Mendes Pinto, I.; Rubinstein, B.; Li, R. (2013).
816:
608:
559:
710:
609:Chen, C. T.; Hehnly, H.; Doxsey, S. J. (2012).
560:Shi, J.; Surma, M.; Zhang, L.; Wei, L. (2013).
276:"Actomyosin networks and tissue morphogenesis"
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717:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
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43:. It forms perpendicular to the axis of the
71:Activation of the cell-cycle kinase (e.g.
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511:Pelletier, L.; Yamashita, Y. M. (2012).
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107:(4th from top) to assist cell cleavage.
817:
615:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
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111:In animals, the ring forms along the
16:Cellular formation during cytokinesis
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185:
13:
711:Meitinger, F.; Palani, S. (2016).
135:a homologous structure called the
39:, is a prominent structure during
14:
841:
182:
762:
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517:Current Opinion in Cell Biology
274:Munjal, A.; Lecuit, T. (2014).
243:Encyclopedia of Systems Biology
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1:
251:10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_779
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489:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.024
7:
775:The Journal of Cell Biology
378:The Journal of Cell Biology
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10:
846:
439:10.1038/s41467-021-24474-1
95:Variation between kingdoms
529:10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.005
341:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.033
211:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.071
787:10.1083/jcb.142.5.1301
472:"Actin Rings of Power"
372:Martin, A. C. (2016).
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24:
427:Nature Communications
390:10.1083/jcb.201610061
115:on the inside of the
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22:
660:Nature Cell Biology
329:Biophysical Journal
47:towards the end of
476:Developmental Cell
293:10.1242/dev.091645
109:
85:myosin light chain
25:
830:Protein complexes
572:(10): 1492–1900.
260:978-1-4419-9862-0
204:(15): R719–R737.
45:spindle apparatus
29:molecular biology
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809:
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781:(5): 1301–1312.
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286:(9): 1789–1793.
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123:before mitosis.
37:contractile ring
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198:Current Biology
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143:, a homolog of
121:mother-bud neck
117:plasma membrane
113:cleavage furrow
105:cleavage furrow
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81:phosphorylation
33:actomyosin ring
17:
12:
11:
5:
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666:(5): 440–447.
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523:(4): 541–546.
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384:(3): 301–303.
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335:(3): 547–554.
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245:. p. 8.
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139:forms out of
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66:wound closure
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149:Chloroplasts
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61:cytoskeletal
36:
32:
26:
681:11336/20338
433:(1): 4595.
280:Development
91:formation.
73:Rho-kinases
41:cytokinesis
819:Categories
566:Cell Cycle
176:References
154:cell plate
723:: 19–27.
158:cell wall
131:and many
57:myosin II
49:telophase
747:26845196
690:22552143
645:22781903
596:23598717
547:22683192
498:27326928
457:34321459
408:27799371
359:23931302
302:24757001
220:27505246
164:See also
129:bacteria
89:adhesion
825:Mitosis
805:9732290
796:2149343
738:4884668
698:3355851
636:4215936
587:3680529
538:3425708
448:8319318
399:5100299
350:3736747
310:5257808
228:3908927
145:tubulin
133:archaea
83:of the
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137:Z-ring
125:Septin
694:S2CID
306:S2CID
224:S2CID
77:ROCK1
53:actin
31:, an
801:PMID
743:PMID
686:PMID
641:PMID
592:PMID
543:PMID
494:PMID
453:PMID
404:PMID
355:PMID
298:PMID
255:ISBN
216:PMID
141:FtsZ
55:and
791:PMC
783:doi
779:142
733:PMC
725:doi
676:hdl
668:doi
631:PMC
623:doi
582:PMC
574:doi
533:PMC
525:doi
484:doi
443:PMC
435:doi
394:PMC
386:doi
382:215
345:PMC
337:doi
333:105
288:doi
284:141
247:doi
206:doi
35:or
27:In
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