528:, the defendant held down his former girlfriend and cut off her ponytail with kitchen scissors a few weeks before her 21st birthday. The magistrates acquitted him on the ground that, although there was undoubtedly an assault, it had not caused actual bodily harm, since there was no bruising or bleeding, and no evidence of any psychological or psychiatric harm. The victim's distress did not amount to bodily harm. The divisional court allowed an appeal by the Director of Public Prosecutions, rejecting the argument for the defendant that the hair was dead tissue above the scalp and so no harm was done. Judge P said:
533:
individual's hair is relevant to his or her autonomy. Some regard it as their crowning glory. Admirers may so regard it in the object of their affections. Even if, medically and scientifically speaking, the hair above the surface of the scalp is no more than dead tissue, it remains part of the body and is attached to it. While it is so attached, in my judgment it falls within the meaning of "bodily" in the phrase "actual bodily harm". It is concerned with the body of the individual victim.
328:
victim does something so "daft" in the words of the appellant in this case, or so unexpected, not that this particular assailant did not actually foresee it but that no reasonable man could be expected to foresee it, then it is only in a very remote and unreal sense a consequence of his assault, it is really occasioned by a voluntary act on the part of the victim which could not reasonably be foreseen and which breaks the chain of causation between the assault and the harm or injury.
726:(which relate to extended sentences) apply where a person is convicted of assault occasioning actual bodily harm, committed after the commencement of section 227 or 228 (as the case may be) and the court considers that there is a significant risk to members of the public of serious harm occasioned by the commission by the offender of further specified offences.
714:, the court, if not precluded from sentencing an offender by its exercise of some other power, may impose a fine instead of or in addition to dealing with him in any other way in which the court has power to deal with him, subject however to any enactment requiring the offender to be dealt with in a particular way.
539:
It has been accepted that actual bodily harm includes any hurt or injury that interferes with the health or comfort of the victim, and which is more than transient or trifling. To damage an important physical aspect of a person's bodily integrity must amount to actual bodily harm, even if the element
532:
In my judgment, whether it is alive beneath the surface of the skin or dead tissue above the surface of the skin, the hair is an attribute and part of the human body. It is intrinsic to each individual and to the identity of each individual. Although it is not essential to my decision, I note that an
440:
We consider that the same is true of the phrase "actual bodily harm". These are three words of the
English language that receive no elaboration and in the ordinary course should not receive any. The word "harm" is a synonym for injury. The word "actual" indicates that the injury (although there is no
238:
An assault is any act which intentionally—or possibly recklessly—causes another person to apprehend immediate and unlawful personal violence. Although "assault" is an independent crime and is to be treated as such, for practical purposes today "assault" is generally synonymous with the term "battery"
843:
In
Northern Ireland, a person guilty of assault occasioning actual bodily harm is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months, or to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum,
721:
because it is a specified violent offence. It is not a serious offence for the purposes of that
Chapter because it is not, apart from section 225, punishable in the case of a person aged 18 or over by imprisonment for life, or by imprisonment for a determinate period of ten years or more. This means
449:
The danger of any elaboration of the words of the statute is that it may have the effect, as was pointed out by the House of Lords, of altering, or at the least distracting the Jury from, the ordinary meaning of the words. Further, as can be seen from the summing-up in the present case, there may be
317:
The woman said that while travelling in the defendant's car he sought to make advances towards her and then tried to take her coat off. She said that this was the last straw, and although the car was travelling at some speed, she jumped out and sustained injuries. The defendant said that he had not
271:
The starting point must be that an assault is an ingredient of the offence under section 47. It is necessary to consider the two forms which an assault may take. The first is battery, which involves the unlawful application of force by the defendant upon the victim. Usually, section 47 is used to
353:
in relation to the "occasioning". The throwing of the beer was an assault, and that "assault" had occasioned the actual bodily harm which occurred in the continuing struggle. Parmenter injured his baby by tossing him about too roughly. Even though the baby was too young to apprehend the physical
327:
Was it the natural result of what the alleged assailant said and did, in the sense that it was something that could reasonably have been foreseen as the consequence of what he was saying or doing? As it was put in one of the old cases, it had got to be shown to be his act, and if of course the
581:
There may be exceptional cases where the injuries suffered by a victim are not serious and would usually amount to Common
Assault but due to the presence of significant aggravating features (alone or in combination), they could more appropriately be charged as ABH contrary to section 47 of the
565:
The CPS previously advised that an assault which resulted in nothing more than grazes, scratches, abrasions, minor bruising, swellings, reddening of the skin, superficial cuts or a black eye should be prosecuted as a common assault in the absence of aggravating factors other than injury.
702:
In
England and Wales, a person guilty of assault occasioning actual bodily harm is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years, or on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding the
681:...it is not necessary to show that Parmenter intended bodily harm; if he intended or was reckless as to the assault, and the actual bodily harm was a reasonably foreseeable result (whether or not it was or should have been foreseen by Parmenter himself), that is sufficient.
450:
an elision of the need to show some harm or injury. There will be a risk that language will be used which suggests to the Jury that it is sufficient that the assault has interfered with the heath or comfort of the victim, whether or not any injury or hurt has been caused.
380:
For this purpose, we think that "bodily harm" has its ordinary meaning and includes any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the prosecutor. Such hurt or injury need not be permanent, but must, no doubt, be more than merely transient and
188:
The words "at the discretion of the court" omitted in the first place, and the words "for the term of three years, or to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding two years, with or without hard labour" omitted in the second place, were repealed by the
571:
ABH should generally be charged where the injuries and overall circumstances indicate that the offence merits clearly more than six months; imprisonment and where the prosecution intend to represent that the case is not suitable for summary
424:
I can find no warrant for giving the words 'grievous bodily harm' a meaning other than that which the words convey in their ordinary natural meaning. 'Bodily harm' needs no explanation, and 'grievous' means no more and no less than 'really
255:"Assault" in the context of this case, that is to say using the word as a convenient abbreviation for assault and battery, is an act by which the defendant, intentionally or recklessly, applies unlawful force to the complainant.
1714:
465:
It is a misdirection to adopt the old formula and invite a jury to find a man accused of wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm guilty if the only intent established is one to interfere seriously with the health or
1727:
544:
To a woman her hair is a vitally important part of her body. Where a significant portion of a woman's hair is cut off without her consent, this is a serious matter amounting to actual (not trivial or insignificant) bodily
420:, a case of grievous bodily harm in which the trial judge had described grievous bodily harm as "some harm which will seriously interfere for a time with health or comfort." The Lord Chancellor, Viscount Kilmuir QC, held:
590:
The CPS also previously said that, by way of example, it considered the following injuries to be actual bodily harm and to be sufficiently serious that they could not be adequately reflected by a charge of
1513:
Ormerod, D. Smith and Hogan's
Criminal Law. Thirteenth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2011. Page 620. The guidance was located at www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/offences_against_the_person/#P48_1458.
562:
is not a defence to the offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm. Assertions at that time that minor injuries to children could be charged as actual bodily harm were withdrawn in 2011.
569:
The charging standard states: "The offence of Common
Assault carries a maximum penalty of six months' imprisonment. This will provide the court with adequate sentencing powers in most cases.
893:
118:
492:(our emphasis) or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the victim: such hurt or injury need not be permanent, but must be more than merely transient or trifling ...
1603:
1069:
239:
and is a term used to mean the actual intended use of unlawful force to another person without his consent. On the facts of the present case the "assault" alleged involved a "battery."
554:
The Crown
Prosecution Service has revised the guidance in its publication "Offences Against the Person, Incorporating the Charging Standard" due to the enactment of section 58 of the
710:
Where a person is convicted on indictment of assault occasioning actual bodily harm, other than an offence for which the sentence falls to be imposed under section 227 or 228 of the
1665:
307:, 2001, says that "occasioning" is equivalent to causing (para B2.21 at p. 172) and has a specimen form of indictment that uses the word "caused" (para B2.18 at p. 171).
832:
It is inappropriate for the court to sentence an offender on the basis of racial aggravation where he has been convicted of this offence, but not the racially aggravated offence:
2137:
89:
Anything interfering with the health or comfort of victim which is more than merely transient or trifling has been held by
Australian courts to be "actual bodily harm".
1569:
354:
contact, there was voluntary contact that caused injury, so
Parmenter was liable under section 47 because the injury resulted from his intention to play with his son.
647:
of this offence is identical to that of assault or battery (depending on the mode by which the offence is committed). Accordingly, it does not correspond with the
324:
said that the test for determining whether the defendant had "occasioned" the injuries that the girl had suffered as a result of jumping out of the car was this:
149:
was repealed, on a date three months after 19 May 1997. The modern offences of assault, assault causing harm, and causing serious harm were created by that Act.
184:
47. Whosoever shall be convicted upon an indictment of any assault occasioning actual bodily harm shall be liable ... to be kept in penal servitude ...; ... ...
931:
897:
2620:
166:
2560:
2147:
1339:
1189:
857:
516:
Glanville Williams said that actual bodily harm is a silly expression because it suggests that there is some form of bodily harm that is not actual.
481:
318:
touched the woman. He said that he had had an argument with her and that in the course of that argument she suddenly opened the door and jumped out.
272:
prosecute in cases of this kind. The second form of assault is an act causing the victim to apprehend an imminent application of force upon her: see
349:, Savage threw beer over the victim and, in the struggle, the glass broke and cut the victim. It was held that section 47 did not require proof of
2570:
1951:
1611:
512:"Actual", as defined in the authorities, means that the bodily harm must not be so trivial or trifling as to be effectively without significance.
1789:
1160:
1144:
1126:
1111:
1080:
927:
586:
be where a sentence clearly in excess of six months' imprisonment ought to be available, having regard to the significant aggravating features.
196:
The words from "and" to the end, omitted in the third place, were repealed for England and Wales by section 170(2) of, and Schedule 16 to, the
1762:
1396:
1381:
373:
1662:
495:
Actual bodily harm is capable of including psychiatric injury but it does not include mere emotion, such as fear, distress or panic ..."
2258:
474:, Potter LJ., in delivering the judgement of the Court of Appeal said (the citations that he quotes from the textbook are omitted):
2694:
2040:
1202:
1004:
226:
2302:
338:
The book "Archbold" says that this test applies to any case where the injury was not the direct result of the defendant's act.
234:, which also used the word "assault" without further explanation and without any explicit reference to battery. James J. said:
2270:
2192:
2084:
1096:
479:
What constitutes "actual bodily harm" for the purposes of section 47 of the 1861 Act is succinctly and accurately set out in
130:
2727:
2555:
2177:
2142:
1710:
1565:
1477:
953:
741:
177:
146:
2172:
965:
411:"Actual bodily harm includes any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the prosecutor..."
436:. Hobhouse LJ. said of the expression "actual bodily harm", in contending that it should be given its ordinary meaning:
1782:
17:
2411:
1997:
1961:
1905:
304:
2530:
1943:
1748:
2248:
1586:
1552:
1164:
1148:
1130:
1115:
2595:
2396:
1896:
203:
The words "with or without hard labour" at the end were repealed for England and Wales by section 1(2) of the
2327:
2253:
1775:
190:
2332:
1932:
58:
2499:
2291:
2080:
2045:
1987:
1900:
1500:
Glanville Williams. Textbook of Criminal Law. First Edition. Stevens & Sons. London. 1978. Page 154.
915:
853:
2461:
2127:
2062:
2051:
1744:
1056:
1020:
869:
1034:
145:
The common law offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm was abolished, and section 47 of the
1649:
1636:
1623:
1599:
1573:
723:
718:
711:
285:
204:
197:
2416:
2286:
2210:
1877:
1872:
1740:
873:
717:
Assault occasioning actual bodily harm is a specified offence for the purposes of chapter 5 of the
663:
2381:
2275:
2072:
2002:
1921:
1377:
1280:
1133:
981:
884:
In a number of jurisdictions this offence has been replaced by an offence which is very similar.
505:
321:
2580:
2322:
2007:
1000:
909:
985:
2545:
2466:
2421:
2265:
2076:
2025:
1992:
2565:
2535:
2109:
2104:
2088:
1798:
625:
540:
damaged is dead skin or tissue. As Creswell J. commented in his short concurring judgment:
176:
In England and Wales, and in Northern Ireland, the offence is created by section 47 of the
1696:
1460:
8:
2590:
2348:
2307:
2200:
1956:
1892:
1887:
1682:
1607:
74:
868:
In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, assault occasioning actual bodily harm is an
2672:
2337:
2220:
2167:
2035:
1882:
1837:
1827:
1812:
1522:
1434:
1308:
1275:
1234:
1216:
350:
117:
Assault occasioning actual bodily harm was formerly an offence under section 40 of the
2610:
2540:
2243:
2099:
2018:
666:
as to the commission of an assault or battery, and it is considered to be a crime of
555:
50:
1099:
441:
need for it to be permanent) should not be so trivial as to be wholly insignificant.
2717:
2585:
2476:
2426:
2297:
2233:
2094:
1626:, section 224(1) as read with section 224(3) and paragraph 20 Part 1 of Schedule 15
1252:
1176:
54:
1407:
1352:
1325:
2722:
2281:
2162:
2152:
1860:
1822:
1669:
1501:
1313:
1284:
1239:
1221:
289:
231:
219:
106:
78:
70:
62:
2667:
2615:
2550:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2376:
2358:
2317:
2205:
2119:
2013:
1971:
1817:
1362:
1263:
704:
691:
592:
281:
1192:, 2009 edition, at paragraph 19-195. Thomson/Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2009
2711:
2575:
2030:
1832:
615:
200:(subject to section 123(6) of, and paragraph 16 of Schedule 8 to, that Act).
2662:
2648:
2471:
1361:
1 AC 699, 3 WLR 914, 4 All ER 698, (1991) 94 Cr App R 193, Crim LR 288,
667:
631:
Causing any of these injuries (by assault or battery) would constitute the
559:
121:, but has been abolished and replaced with a similar offence (see below).
1926:
1602:, section 163; this power was previously created by section 30(1) of the
858:
racially or religiously aggravated assault occasioning actual bodily harm
363:
392:, by Lord Templeman (at p. 230) and Lord Jauncey (at p. 242).
2686:
2653:
2630:
2441:
2371:
2157:
1854:
1767:
648:
632:
264:
134:
2124:
Attempting to choke, &c. in order to commit any indictable offence
2658:
2605:
2436:
2431:
2401:
1258:
609:
387:
248:
137:
and a person guilty of it is liable to imprisonment for three years.
66:
210:
The text of this section is slightly different in Northern Ireland.
2638:
2600:
2504:
2406:
1866:
662:
The mens rea for this crime may be one of recklessness rather than
644:
314:, the defendant gave a lift in his car, late at night, to a woman.
280:
The second form of assault referred to is the offence described as
952:
QB 589, 81 Cr App R 306, 3 WLR 819, 3 All ER 185, Crim LR 784,
2525:
2520:
2494:
2386:
2342:
2182:
2132:
1966:
293:
157:
The offence is created by section 245 of the Penal Code (Ch.26).
46:
690:
In England and Wales, assault occasioning actual bodily harm is
97:
The offence is created by section 24(1) of the Crimes Act 1900.
2238:
603:
2391:
2366:
847:
964:
Richard Card said this is a form of aggravated assault; see
621:
Minor (but not superficial) cuts requiring medical treatment
2643:
2312:
2228:
651:. Academic writers have termed this feature of the offence
1713:(24 & 25 Vict. c.100), section 47; as amended by the
1032:
577:
And in reference to vulnerable victims such as children:
263:, one of the defendants was prosecuted for this offence.
416:
However the House of Lords rejected this definition in
1256:
1 Cr App Rep 177, 3 WLR 534, AC 147, 4 All ER 225,
595:
and ought normally to be prosecuted under section 47:
488:"Bodily harm has it ordinary meaning and includes any
1715:
Criminal Justice (No.2) (Northern Ireland) Order 2004
1555:(c.43), section 17(1) and Schedule 1, paragraph 5(h)
1070:"South Australia Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935"
167:
Non-fatal offences against the person in English law
2561:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
2148:
Assaulting a constable in the execution of his duty
406:
Archbold's Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
1700:EWCA Crim 1892 (29 June 1999), 1 Cr App R (S) 282
774:EWCA Crim 1892 (29 June 1999), 1 Cr App R (S) 282
2556:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
2143:Assault with intent to resist lawful apprehension
1728:Magistrates' Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981
1340:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
1190:Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice
582:Offences Against the Person Act 1861. This would
247:, the defendant was prosecuted for this offence.
2709:
1686:EWCA Crim 964 (13 April 1999), 1 Cr App R (S) 1
768:EWCA Crim 964 (13 April 1999), 1 Cr App R (S) 1
733:for case law on sentencing. Relevant cases are:
372:, Swift J., in delivering the Judgement of the
1612:Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000
105:The offence is created by section 59(1) of the
92:
1161:Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997
1145:Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997
1127:Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997
1112:Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997
1033:ACT Parliamentary Counsel (1 September 2016).
928:Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997
852:In England and Wales, section 29(1)(b) of the
1783:
1036:Crimes Act 1900 A1900-40 Republication No 107
968:, 12th ed, 1992, paragraph 10.17 at page 182.
1572:(54 & 55 Vict. c.69), section 1(1); the
129:The offence is created by section 39 of the
1663:Crown Prosecution Service Sentencing Manual
1568:(24 & 25 Vict. c.100), section 47; the
1206:1 QB 439 at 444D to E, 3 All ER 442 at 445
986:(1934) 5 New Zealand Police Law Reports 247
731:Crown Prosecution Service Sentencing Manual
635:of assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
1790:
1776:
1652:, sections 227(1) and 228(1)(a) and (b)(i)
848:Racially or religiously aggravated offence
399:2 All ER 529, 2 QB 282, Lynskey J. said:
549:
274:Fagan v. Metropolitan Police Commissioner
2110:Wounding or causing grievous bodily harm
1797:
1717:(SI 2004/1991 (N.I.15)), article 4(2)(a)
1220:, (1983) 78 Cr App R 276, Crim LR 163,
1203:Fagan v Metropolitan Police Commissioner
599:The loss or breaking of a tooth or teeth
227:Fagan v Metropolitan Police Commissioner
109:(a different statute of the same name).
1295:This is how the facts are described in
1059:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
1023:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm.
892:South Australia's section 20(4) of the
856:(c.37) creates the distinct offence of
385:This passage was cited and approved in
81:, but replaced with a similar offence.
45:) is a statutory offence of aggravated
14:
2710:
2303:Preventing the lawful burial of a body
2115:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
1576:(11 & 12 Geo.6 c.58), section 1(1)
921:
879:
31:Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
2271:Incitement to ethnic or racial hatred
1771:
1343:, 1999, paragraph 19-195 at page 1612
1097:Offences against the Person Ordinance
872:for the purposes of section 3 of the
357:
131:Offences against the Person Ordinance
2178:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
1711:Offences against the Person Act 1861
1566:Offences against the Person Act 1861
230:was decided under section 51 of the
178:Offences against the Person Act 1861
147:Offences against the Person Act 1861
966:Card, Cross and Jones: Criminal Law
894:Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935
119:Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935
24:
1604:Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973
863:
152:
112:
100:
25:
2739:
1756:
1730:(No.1675 (N.I.26)), article 46(4)
1476:EWHC 94 (Admin), 2 Cr App R. 2,
1461:R v. Morris (Clarence Barrington)
1312:(1971) 56 Cr. App. R. 95 at 102,
1238:, (1983) 78 Cr App R 276 at 279,
722:that sections 227 and 228 of the
472:R v. Morris (Clarence Barrington)
218:The expression assault includes "
160:
2571:Encouraging or assisting a crime
2531:Perverting the course of justice
1952:Encouraging or assisting a crime
1491:2 Cr App R 2 at paragraph 17, DC
685:
461:, in which Ashworth J had said:
2695:History of English criminal law
2586:Obstruction of a police officer
2249:Fear or provocation of violence
1733:
1720:
1703:
1689:
1675:
1655:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1592:
1579:
1558:
1545:
1542:(3rd ed.). OUP, New York, p.608
1540:Criminal law text and materials
1532:
1516:
1507:
1494:
1482:
1467:
1453:
1441:
1427:
1415:
1401:
1386:
1367:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1301:
1289:
1268:
1245:
1227:
1209:
1195:
1183:
1169:
1153:
1137:
1119:
1104:
1042:. Australian Capital Territory.
930:(No.26) creates the offence of
908:Section 267(b) of the Canadian
558:which provides that reasonable
519:
73:. It has been abolished in the
2596:Refusing to assist a constable
2412:Taking without owner's consent
1090:
1062:
1046:
1026:
1010:
990:
971:
958:
943:
887:
677:ruled that, for this offence,
305:Blackstone's Criminal Practice
299:
171:
13:
1:
2616:Fabrication of false evidence
2328:Misconduct in a public office
2254:Harassment, alarm or distress
1828:Regulatory (lowered mens rea)
937:
191:Statute Law Revision Act 1892
2333:Misfeasance in public office
1933:Ignorantia juris non excusat
1587:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
1553:Magistrates' Courts Act 1980
1527:Textbook of the Criminal Law
1376:2 KB 498, 25 Cr App R 1, 30
950:R v Harrow JJ. ex p. Osaseri
331:This passage was set out in
124:
93:Australian Capital Territory
84:
59:Australian Capital Territory
7:
2728:Offences against the person
2500:Cheating the public revenue
2292:Effecting a public mischief
2138:Assault with intent to rape
1474:DPP v. Smith (Michael Ross)
1326:R v Savage, DPP v Parmenter
916:assault causing bodily harm
854:Crime and Disorder Act 1998
697:
638:
502:DPP v. Smith (Michael Ross)
333:R v Savage, DPP v Parmenter
10:
2744:
2576:Escape from lawful custody
2462:Fraud by abuse of position
2128:Assault with intent to rob
2052:Category:Criminal defences
1489:DPP v Smith (Michael Ross)
870:offence against the person
762:(1995) 16 Cr App R (S) 703
756:(1992) 13 Cr App R (S) 722
750:(1990) 12 Cr App R (S) 308
526:DPP v Smith (Michael Ross)
485:(1997 ed.) at para 19-197:
457:also followed the case of
361:
213:
164:
140:
2692:For obsolete aspects see
2681:
2629:
2513:
2485:
2427:Misappropriation of funds
2359:Offences against property
2357:
2219:
2191:
2061:
2041:Diminished responsibility
1980:
1942:
1914:
1846:
1805:
1763:Crown Prosecution Service
1650:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1637:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1624:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1600:Criminal Justice Act 2003
1574:Criminal Justice Act 1948
1077:www.legislation.sa.gov.au
1001:[2009] NSWCCA 305
903:
724:Criminal Justice Act 2003
719:Criminal Justice Act 2003
712:Criminal Justice Act 2003
288:, which is also known as
286:Criminal Justice Act 1988
205:Criminal Justice Act 1948
198:Criminal Justice Act 1988
2514:Offences against justice
2287:Outraging public decency
2211:Sexual Offences Act 2003
2012:inc. participation in a
1922:Lesser included offences
1878:Intention in English law
1873:Intention (criminal law)
1741:Visiting Forces Act 1952
1570:Penal Servitude Act 1891
1538:Smith&Hogan (2008).
1253:R v Ireland, R v Burstow
1235:R v Williams (Gladstone)
1217:R v Williams (Gladstone)
1005:Court of Criminal Appeal
874:Visiting Forces Act 1952
374:Court of Criminal Appeal
261:R v Burstow, R v Ireland
245:R v Williams (Gladstone)
914:creates the offence of
896:creates the offence of
2631:Other common law areas
2581:Obstruction of justice
2323:Accessory (legal term)
2085:Corporate manslaughter
1464:Cr. App. R. 386 at 393
683:
657:constructive liability
602:Extensive or multiple
588:
550:CPS charging standards
547:
535:
514:
498:
468:
452:
443:
427:
414:
383:
278:
257:
241:
186:
33:(often abbreviated to
2546:Misprision of treason
2467:Conspiracy to defraud
2422:Handling stolen goods
2266:Public Order Act 1986
2221:Public order offences
1589:(c.43), section 32(1)
1262:(1997) 25 July 1997,
1007:(NSW, Australia).
679:
579:
542:
530:
510:
476:
463:
447:
438:
422:
401:
378:
284:in section 39 of the
269:
253:
236:
182:
2566:Harboring a fugitive
2536:Witness intimidation
2486:Forgery, personation
2105:Concealment of birth
1799:English criminal law
1409:R v. Brown (Anthony)
932:assault causing harm
898:assault causing harm
626:psychiatric disorder
2621:Rescuing a prisoner
2591:Wasting police time
2349:Dereliction of duty
2308:Breach of the peace
2026:Prevention of crime
1888:Criminal negligence
1529:, 2 ed., 1983 p.192
1114:, section 28(1)(b)
922:Republic of Ireland
880:Derivative offences
445:He went on to say:
276:1 Q.B. 439, 444D-E.
133:. It is triable on
75:Republic of Ireland
2687:English law portal
2673:Criminal procedure
2338:Abuse of authority
2168:False imprisonment
2019:Medical procedures
1847:Elements of crimes
1668:2010-02-09 at the
1523:Glanville Williams
1242:(28 November 1983)
1224:(28 November 1983)
780:1 Cr App R (S) 535
692:triable either way
358:Actual bodily harm
18:Actual bodily harm
2705:
2704:
2611:Contempt of court
2541:Witness tampering
2259:intent aggravates
2244:Unlawful assembly
2100:Child destruction
1944:Inchoate offences
1806:Classes of crimes
1749:paragraph 1(b)(i)
1395:2 KB 498 at 509,
1380:187, 50 TLR 566,
926:Section 3 of the
834:R v. McGilliviray
828:1 Cr App R (S) 47
822:1 Cr App R (S) 32
816:2 Cr App R (S) 19
556:Children Act 2004
408:, 32nd ed, p 959:
51:England and Wales
16:(Redirected from
2735:
2477:Webcam blackmail
2298:disorderly house
2234:Violent disorder
2095:Unlawful killing
2063:Offences against
1901:Strict liability
1792:
1785:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1751:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1639:, section 224(2)
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1562:
1556:
1549:
1543:
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1505:
1498:
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1471:
1465:
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1439:
1438:2 All ER at 557D
1431:
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1405:
1399:
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1384:
1371:
1365:
1350:
1344:
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1207:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1157:
1151:
1141:
1135:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1079:. Archived from
1074:
1066:
1060:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1008:
994:
988:
975:
969:
962:
956:
947:
432:was followed in
55:Northern Ireland
21:
2743:
2742:
2738:
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2736:
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2733:
2732:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2677:
2625:
2509:
2487:
2481:
2397:Criminal damage
2353:
2282:Public nuisance
2215:
2193:Sexual offences
2187:
2163:Child abduction
2064:
2057:
2003:Loss of control
1976:
1938:
1910:
1842:
1801:
1796:
1759:
1754:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1694:
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1676:
1670:Wayback Machine
1660:
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1517:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1454:
1450:45 Cr App R 304
1446:
1442:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1402:
1391:
1387:
1372:
1368:
1358:DPP v Parmenter
1351:
1347:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1319:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1273:
1269:
1250:
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1196:
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1124:
1120:
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1095:
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1083:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:Crimes Act 1900
1051:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1017:Crimes Act 1900
1015:
1011:
995:
991:
976:
972:
963:
959:
948:
944:
940:
924:
906:
890:
882:
866:
864:Visiting Forces
850:
700:
688:
675:DPP v Parmenter
641:
552:
522:
497:
494:
493:
487:
486:
413:
410:
409:
366:
360:
347:DPP v Parmenter
302:
290:psychic assault
232:Police Act 1964
216:
174:
169:
163:
155:
153:Solomon Islands
143:
127:
115:
113:South Australia
107:Crimes Act 1900
103:
101:New South Wales
95:
87:
79:South Australia
71:Solomon Islands
63:New South Wales
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2741:
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2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Jury tampering
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Fraud Act 2006
2454:
2452:Theft Act 1978
2449:
2447:Theft Act 1968
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
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2379:
2377:Cheating (law)
2374:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
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2351:
2346:
2340:
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2318:Forcible entry
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2217:
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2208:
2206:Sexual assault
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
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2186:
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2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
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2140:
2135:
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2125:
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2120:Common assault
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2048:
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2023:
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2016:
2014:sporting event
2005:
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1972:Common purpose
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1758:
1757:External links
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:and Schedule,
1732:
1719:
1702:
1688:
1674:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1591:
1578:
1557:
1544:
1531:
1515:
1506:
1493:
1481:
1466:
1452:
1440:
1435:R v. Chan-Fook
1426:
1414:
1400:
1393:Rex v. Donovan
1385:
1374:Rex v. Donovan
1366:
1345:
1331:
1317:
1300:
1288:
1267:
1244:
1226:
1208:
1194:
1182:
1168:
1152:
1136:
1118:
1103:
1089:
1086:on 2008-08-09.
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957:
941:
939:
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905:
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889:
886:
881:
878:
865:
862:
849:
846:
830:
829:
823:
817:
811:
810:EWCA Crim 1858
805:
799:
798:EWCA Crim 1499
793:
792:EWCA Crim 1454
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
707:, or to both.
705:prescribed sum
699:
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637:
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628:
622:
619:
612:
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593:common assault
551:
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521:
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477:
434:R v. Chan-Fook
402:
370:Rex v. Donovan
362:Main article:
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2031:Lawful excuse
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1149:section 32(2)
1146:
1140:
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1132:and Schedule
1131:
1129:, section 31
1128:
1122:
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911:Criminal Code
901:
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841:
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804:EWCA Crim 659
803:
800:
797:
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786:EWCA Crim 967
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455:R v Chan-Fook
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404:According to
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40:
36:
32:
19:
2693:
2685:
2488:and cheating
2472:Fare evasion
2114:
2081:Manslaughter
2050:
2046:Intoxication
1988:Self-defence
1931:
1883:Recklessness
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2089:Infanticide
1927:Concurrence
1683:R v. Sharpe
1608:section 127
1309:R v Roberts
1281:Cr. App. R.
1276:R v Roberts
978:R v Donovan
778:R v McNally
766:R v. Sharpe
610:broken nose
397:R v. Miller
364:Bodily harm
312:R v Roberts
300:Occasioning
172:The offence
2712:Categories
2442:Cybercrime
2372:Dishonesty
2296:Keeping a
2173:Harassment
2158:Kidnapping
2065:the person
1957:Conspiracy
1855:Actus reus
1838:Common law
1818:Either way
1813:Indictable
1697:R v. Byrne
1354:R v Savage
1297:R v Savage
1279:(1971) 56
1100:section 39
938:References
772:R v. Byrne
748:R v Davies
740:(1988) 10
649:actus reus
633:actus reus
343:R v Savage
292:or simply
265:Lord Steyn
165:See also:
135:indictment
41:or simply
2606:Espionage
2437:Extortion
2432:Blackmail
2417:Deception
2402:Squatting
1998:Necessity
1962:Accessory
1915:Doctrines
1906:Omissions
1897:Vicarious
1893:Corporate
1861:Causation
1833:Statutory
1259:The Times
1057:s 59
1021:s 24
888:Australia
814:Ravenhill
808:R v Pavia
754:R v Hayes
738:R v Smith
664:intention
616:fractures
425:serious'.
390:(Anthony)
388:R v Brown
381:trifling.
249:Lord Lane
125:Hong Kong
85:Australia
67:Hong Kong
2668:Evidence
2649:Property
2639:Contract
2601:Sedition
2505:Uttering
2407:Trespass
2382:Burglary
2280:Causing
2276:Nuisance
2073:Homicide
2036:Insanity
1981:Defences
1867:Mens rea
1666:Archived
1412:1 AC 212
796:McDonald
698:Sentence
645:mens rea
639:Mens rea
618:of bones
604:bruising
506:Judge P.
482:Archbold
466:comfort.
376:, said:
69:and the
2718:Assault
2663:estates
2526:Perjury
2521:Bribery
2495:Forgery
2387:Robbery
2345:of oath
2343:Perjury
2183:Treason
2153:Battery
2133:Robbery
2008:Consent
1967:Attempt
1823:Summary
1610:of the
1329:, p. 14
294:assault
220:battery
214:Assault
141:Ireland
77:and in
47:assault
2723:Crimes
2659:Trusts
2239:Affray
2077:Murder
1993:Duress
1424:AC 290
1055:(NSW)
1019:(ACT)
904:Canada
820:Parker
802:Morgan
614:Minor
572:trial.
508:said:
267:said:
251:said:
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2697:table
2654:Wills
2392:Theft
2367:Arson
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826:Abbas
790:Nawaz
545:harm.
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2661:and
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2313:Rout
2229:Riot
2201:Rape
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