634:), completing self-learning series and passing their assessments (advanced topics in predictive analytics, five-module fundamentals of actuarial practice), and taking a course on professionalism. For Fellowship (FSA), three other modules, three or four exams depending on specialty track, and a special fellowship admission course is added. The Casualty Actuarial Society requires the successful completion of seven examinations, two modules, and economics and corporate finance VEEs for Associateship and three additional exams for Fellowship. In addition to these requirements, casualty actuarial candidates must also complete professionalism education and be recommended for membership by existing members.
259:(ASSA). Until 2010, the requirement to qualify as an actuary in South Africa was to pass the exams hosted by the UK bodies. Starting in 2010, a South African actuarial qualification hosted by ASSA has replaced this arrangement. Key changes include exam syllabuses based on South African-specific content. The UK actuarial professional bodies, however, still support qualification through the UK. Students may receive exemption from part of the examinations for qualification from approved universities. The South African qualification does have mutual recognition with many of the international actuarial bodies as well as approval of the syllabus from the International Actuarial Association.
869:
candidates are familiar with and fluent in the material. The test is four hours long, allows calculators, and is administered via a paper-and-pencil format. Multiple-choice questions account for 40% of the exam, and open-response questions account for 60% of the exam. Candidates may freely move between the two sections. The two sections are graded separately. However, since the multiple-choice questions are easier, only candidates who have answered a certain percentage of the multiple-choice questions correctly have their written answers graded. For instance, a multiple-choice score of 24 points was needed to have written-answer questions graded for the April 2021 LTAM exam.
195:(formerly Actuarial Society of India) offers both associate-ship and fellowship classes of membership. However, prospective candidates must be admitted to the society as students before they achieve associate-ship or fellowship. The exam sequence is similar to the British model, with Core and Specialty technical and application exams. The exams are conducted twice a year during the months of May–June and October–November. Starting from January 2012, the institute has started conducting entrance exam. Only those applicants who clear the entrance test can appear for the Core Technical papers.
598:(the CIA) recognizes fellows of both the Society of Actuaries and the Casualty Actuary Society, provided that they have specialized study in Canadian actuarial practice. For fellows of the SOA, this is fulfilled by taking the CIA's Practice Education Course (PEC). For fellows of the Casualty Actuarial Society, this is fulfilled by taking the nation-specific Exam 6-Canada, instead of Exam 6-United States. Further, the CIA requires three years of actuarial practice within the previous decade, and 18 months of Canadian actuarial practice within the last three years, to become a fellow.
387:. The exams may only be taken upon having officially joined the body, unlike many other countries where exams may be taken earlier. Most trainee actuaries study while working for an actuarial employer using resources provided by ActEd (The Actuarial Education Company, a subsidiary of BPP Actuarial Education Ltd.), which is contracted to provide actuarial tuition for students on behalf of Institute and Faculty Education Ltd (IFE), a subsidiary of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries.
591:. Academy membership requirements include membership in one of the recognized actuarial societies, at least three years of full-time equivalent experience in responsible actuarial work, and either residency in the United States for at least three years or a non-resident or new resident who meets certain requirements. Continuing education is required after certification for all actuaries who sign statements of actuarial opinion.
394:
brought into effect. This involves the student submitting a series of essays to the
Profession detailing the work that he or she has performed. In addition to exams, essays and courses, it is required that the candidate have at least three years' experience of actuarial work under supervision of a recognized actuary to qualify as a Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries (FIA) or of the Faculty of Actuaries (FFA).
642:
or higher passing) are posted six to eight weeks after the test. However, due to the way the test is scaled, the scores can range from 0–10, but there are also situations where the highest grade for a test is a 9 even if every single question was answered correctly. This is because the interval is 10 percent of the score required to pass, which means the following:
641:
testing centers. Candidates are allowed to use a calculator from an approved list. The exams are timed and last between three and four hours. Some tests provide instant feedback as to whether or not a candidate has passed that particular exam (see table below). All test scores (on a 0-10 scale with 6
87:
To become an
Associate, one needs to complete Part I and Part II of the accreditation process, perform 3 years of recognized work experience, and complete a professionalism course. To become a Fellow, candidates must complete Part I, II, III, and take a professionalism course. Work experience is not
230:
the education to become an actuary takes five years. The education usually consists of a bachelor's degree (three years) and a master's degree (two years). The bachelor's degree needs to contain a specific number of courses in mathematics and statistics. The master's degree usually consists of one
115:
To achieve associate-ship, the CAA requires examination with 5 subjects: (1) probability and mathematical statistics, (2) finance and economics, (3) actuarial mathematics, (4) actuarial models and data analytics, (5) actuarial risk management; while ASHK recognizes associate-ship credentials from
393:
The exams themselves are split into four sections: Core
Principles (CP), Core Practices (CP), Specialists Principles (SP), and Specialist Advance (SA). For students who joined the Profession after June 2004, a further requirement that the student carry out a "Work-based skills" exercise has been
868:
SOA administers exam LTAM (previously MLC), which covers life contingencies topics. Starting in May 2014, MLC includes both multiple choice and open-response questions. SOA made this change because, in their view, strict multiple-choice questions are not sufficient or adequate to test whether
33:. In some countries, such as Denmark, most study takes place in a university setting. In others, such as the U.S., most study takes place during employment through a series of examinations. In the UK, and countries based on its process, there is a hybrid university-exam structure.
214:
The IAJ's requirement for associateship include passing the primary examination with 5 basic subjects: (1) mathematics, (2) life insurance mathematics, (3) non-life insurance mathematics, (4) pension mathematics, (5) accounting, economics and investment theory.
357:(IAJ). The associateship and fellowship credentials from these organizations are also recognized. The AIRC/AICT has coordinated with SOA and CAS to integrate the Taiwanese exams into their education systems (SOA Regulation and Taxation Module and CAS Exam 6T).
542:
Note that the UK Profession is currently introducing the
Certified Actuarial Analyst (CAA) qualification to "provide those working in financial and actuarial roles at a technical level around the world with valuable skills and a well respected qualification".
243:. To become an international qualified actuary, a person with a Norwegian actuarial education must also take two courses in economics (macroeconomics and accounting) and a course in ethics. The ethics course, which lasts a day, is offered by the
167:. By Danish law, responsibility for the practice of any life insurance business must be taken by a formally acknowledged and approved actuary. Approval as a formally responsible actuary requires three to five years of professional experience.(
139:
management, (6) asset management, and (7) data science, each requires examination with another 5 subjects; while ASHK requires fellowship credentials from either of the 4 organizations above and passing the ASHK Certificate examination.
326:
332:
The AIRC/AICT offers 3 tracks for its membership: life insurance, general insurance, and pension. Although with own design of education system, the AIRC/AICT practically only holds exams testing knowledge specifically to
2810:
76:. The courses cover subjects including finance, financial mathematics, economics, contingencies, demography, models, probability and statistics. Students may also gain exemptions by passing the exams of the
808:
2648:
2621:
2594:
2571:
2552:
350:
129:
42:
256:
637:
Dependent on which society a student chooses to pursue, there are anywhere from six to seven preliminary exams. Most of the exams are multiple choice and administered on computers at
354:
208:
2719:
244:
105:
101:
108:(ASHK) have their own associate-ship and fellowship credentialing processes. The CAA holds its own system of examinations, while ASHK holds only examination of "Certificate in
2818:
29:
process usually requires passing a rigorous series of professional examinations, most often taking several years in total, before one can become recognized as a credentialed
390:
However, a candidate may offer proof of having previously covered topics (at a high enough standard, usually while at university) to be exempt from taking certain subjects.
840:
41:
The education system in
Australia is divided into three components: an exam-based curriculum; a professionalism course; and work experience. The system is governed by the
84:
and is also offered by each of the universities above. Part III consists of four half-year courses of which two are compulsory and the other two allow specialization.
863:
618:, and one from either advanced long-term actuarial mathematics or advanced short-term actuarial mathematics), validating educational experience (VEE) in 3 fields (
218:
The IAJ offers 3 tracks for fellowship: life insurance, non-life insurance, and pension. Each requires passing the secondary examination with 2 advanced subjects.
2237:
135:
To achieve fellowship, the CAA offers 7 tracks: (1) life insurance, (2) non-life insurance, (3) health insurance, (4) social insurance and pension planning, (5)
2327:
2060:
1855:
112:
Insurance
Markets and Regulations" (ASHK Certificate). Note that CAA exams were suspended in 2014 but reintroduced in 2023 in an updated structure.
269:
South Africa pioneered the actuarial banking route, with fellowship exams (equivalent to the UK's SA exams) in banking beginning in the late 2010s.
289:
program (for those with no previous university-level knowledge in mathematics, or without a bachelor's degree in mathematics) covers the subjects
2918:
1821:
88:
required, however, as the
Institute deems that those who have successfully completed Part III have shown enough level of professionalism.
2035:
2913:
2652:
2625:
2598:
2310:
2833:
2492:
2515:
2435:
48:
The exam-based curriculum is in three parts. Part I relies on exemptions from an accredited under-graduate degree from either
768:
2715:
2468:
2675:
2241:
384:
366:
346:
125:
2420:
1845:
263:
2331:
2064:
2496:
2122:
595:
571:
370:
192:
20:
2262:
2388:
1999:
69:
2539:
Haastrup, Svend; Jens Perch, Nielsen (1998). "The historical perspective of the Danish actuarial profession".
2396:
2372:
588:
567:
61:
606:
The
Society of Actuaries' requirements for Associateship (ASA) include passing 6 preliminary examinations (
2873:
231:
year of courses and one year writing a master's degree about a topic related to the actuarial profession.
2908:
2692:
2472:
2446:
1284:
581:
561:
342:
121:
2286:
587:
To sign certain statements of actuarial opinion, however, American actuaries must be members of the
2519:
813:
180:
149:
2667:
2365:
Qualification
Standards for Actuaries Issuing Statements of Actuarial Opinion in the United States
2011:
2085:
1977:
631:
81:
65:
1988:
865:. That is, grade 10 is unachievable. Hence, the highest grade achievable can be 9 for a test.
77:
2702:. Auckland, New Zealand: International Association for Statistical Education. pp. 405–410
2039:
2837:
2814:
2794:
2770:
2746:
873:
845:
615:
577:
557:
338:
302:
282:
232:
117:
57:
2762:
2640:
2523:
8:
2786:
2738:
1916:
380:
2613:
2586:
2450:
1727:: Exam codes with asterisk (*) indicate the code was reused later in a different title.
842:, i.e. the requirement for the percentage of score to get grade 10 will be higher than
286:
236:
161:
157:
2841:
2500:
152:
to become an actuary with no professional experience requirement. There is a focus on
611:
298:
73:
53:
2392:
2368:
2723:
2567:
49:
2357:
376:
136:
2700:
International
Conference on the Teaching of Statistics 3, Dunedin, New Zealand
2902:
2476:
1822:"China Brings Back Insurance Actuary Qualifying Exams After Nine-Year Hiatus"
576:
In the U.S., for life, health, and pension actuaries, exams are given by the
306:
2416:
2061:"Frequently asked questions on exemptions | the Actuarial Profession"
580:, while for property-casualty actuaries the exams are administered by the
607:
290:
2548:
623:
294:
153:
2893:
313:. The program operates under the Division of Mathematical Statistics.
638:
619:
310:
109:
2400:
1905:
2666:
2109:
329:(AIRC/AICT), with associateship and fellowship credential levels.
2518:[Content of training to/for actuary/in DAV] (in German).
627:
30:
610:, financial mathematics, fundamentals of actuarial mathematics,
383:
consists of a combination of exams and courses provided by the
334:
322:
278:
240:
227:
164:
2714:
1941:
2878:
2493:"Membership & Education: Canadian Enrollment Information"
204:
97:
2541:
Transactions of the 26th international congress of actuaries
211:(IAJ), with associateship and fellowship credential levels.
2883:
645:
Let P be the passing percentage, the transcript will show.
2739:"Associate of the Society of Actuaries (ASA)–Requirements"
1966:
2888:
2868:
148:
In Denmark it normally takes five years of study at the
2787:"Fellow of the Society of Actuaries (FSA)–Requirements"
2763:"Chartered Enterprise Risk Analyst (CERA)–Requirements"
803:{\displaystyle P>{\frac {100}{1.4}}\%\approx 71.4\%}
2863:
2693:"Actuarial Statistics — The European Perspective"
2238:"Identification and Calculators | be an Actuary"
1967:
Actuarial Institute of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
848:
816:
771:
327:
Actuarial Institute of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
2832:
2809:
1954:
1928:
2328:"Casualty Actuarial Society | Exam S Syllabus"
2263:"Grading - Reporting of Examination Results | SOA"
2036:"Exam preparation | the Actuarial Profession"
857:
834:
802:
2900:
2538:
1493:Construction and Evaluation of Actuarial Models
1155:Construction and Evaluation of Actuarial Models
337:and mainly recognizes examination credits from
183:require an actuary to pass more than 13 exams.
168:
2516:"Inhalte der Ausbildung zum/zur Aktuar/in DAV"
1545:Models for Stochastic Processes and Statistics
551:
1620:Mathematical Foundations of Actuarial Science
1199:Mathematical Foundations of Actuarial Science
360:
2639:
1808:
1570:Models for Life Contingencies and Statistics
1398:
1376:
1352:
1328:
1032:
1011:
992:
973:
952:
933:
914:
255:Actuaries in South Africa are served by the
239:offer the education to become an actuary in
2612:
1795:
546:
2585:
1782:
16:Credentialing process for acturial science
2547:
1766:
1003:Advanced Short-Term Actuarial Mathematics
2123:"New qualification takes a step forward"
2110:Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2011a
984:Advanced Long-Term Actuarial Mathematics
429:Financial Engineering and Loss Reserving
2879:Actuarial Exam information for students
2690:
1867:
1748:
1746:
1744:
2919:Professional titles and certifications
2901:
2566:
1777:
1775:
1753:
1722:
1647:Interest Theory, Economics and Finance
1221:Interest Theory, Economics and Finance
601:
2287:"school_and_exam_questions - actuary"
944:Fundamentals of Actuarial Mathematics
266:(CERA) designation through the ASSA.
2785:
2761:
2737:
2467:
2434:
2423:from the original on August 23, 2007
2224:
2211:
2198:
2172:
1741:
455:Risk Modelling and Survival Analysis
2884:International Actuarial Association
2649:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
2628:from the original on March 15, 2007
2622:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
2614:"Part II (Actuarial Control Cycle)"
2601:from the original on April 20, 2007
2595:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
2572:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
2553:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
2514:
2491:
2415:
2387:
2356:
2185:
2159:
2146:
1942:Norwegian Society of Actuaries 2011
1893:
1880:
1772:
1441:Statistics and Probabilistic Models
351:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
130:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
43:Institute of Actuaries of Australia
13:
2874:Faculty and Institute of Actuaries
2869:Casualty Actuarial Society website
2676:Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
2655:from the original on April 3, 2007
2469:"2011 Syllabus of Basic Education"
2436:"2011 CAS Basic Education Summary"
2358:"Continuing Education Requirement"
852:
829:
797:
788:
385:Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
367:Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
347:Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
126:Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
14:
2930:
2894:Actuarial Society of South Africa
2857:
264:Chartered Enterprise Risk Actuary
257:Actuarial Society of South Africa
2914:Mathematical science occupations
2716:"Norwegian Society of Actuaries"
2311:"APRIL 2021 EXAMINATION RESULTS"
1609:
1584:
1559:
1534:
1455:
1412:Investment and Financial Markets
1401:
1379:
1101:Exam ASTAM and part of exam FAM
1089:Short-Term Actuarial Mathematics
1079:Exam ALTAM and part of exam FAM
1043:Investment and Financial Markets
27:actuarial credentialing and exam
2497:Canadian Institute of Actuaries
2320:
2303:
2279:
2255:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2115:
2102:
2078:
2053:
2028:
2004:
1993:
1982:
1978:How to Become an Actuary (AIRC)
1971:
1960:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1910:
1906:Institute of Actuaries of Japan
1899:
1886:
1873:
1595:Statistics and Actuarial Models
1067:Long-Term Actuarial Mathematics
596:Canadian Institute of Actuaries
572:Canadian Institute of Actuaries
371:Society of Actuaries in Ireland
355:Institute of Actuaries of Japan
250:
209:Institute of Actuaries of Japan
193:Institute of Actuaries of India
21:Category:Actuarial associations
2720:Norwegian Society of Actuaries
2668:"How to register as a student"
2499:. October 2004. Archived from
1989:Regulation and Taxation Module
1860:
1849:
1839:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1759:
1466:Models for Financial Economics
1390:Modern Actuarial Statistics II
1111:Models for Financial Economics
245:Norwegian Society of Actuaries
106:Actuarial Society of Hong Kong
102:China Association of Actuaries
70:Australian National University
1:
2397:American Academy of Actuaries
2373:American Academy of Actuaries
2349:
1520:Models for Life Contingencies
1368:Modern Actuarial Statistics I
1133:Models for Life Contingencies
835:{\displaystyle 1.4P>100\%}
589:American Academy of Actuaries
568:American Academy of Actuaries
62:University of New South Wales
2864:Society of Actuaries website
2417:"Actuarial Society of India"
963:Statistics for Risk Modeling
950:Part of exams LTAM and STAM
612:statistics for risk modeling
36:
7:
2443:Syllabus of Basic Education
552:Credentialing organizations
169:Haastrup & Nielsen 2007
10:
2935:
2473:Casualty Actuarial Society
2447:Casualty Actuarial Society
1712:
1707:Education system redesign
1706:
1700:
1685:
1680:Education system redesign
1679:
1673:
1658:
1653:Education system redesign
1652:
1646:
1631:
1626:Education system redesign
1625:
1619:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1395:
1389:
1373:
1367:
1349:
1343:
1325:
1319:
1285:Casualty Actuarial Society
1276:
1271:Education system redesign
1270:
1264:
1254:
1249:Education system redesign
1248:
1242:
1232:
1227:Education system redesign
1226:
1220:
1210:
1205:Education system redesign
1204:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1008:
1002:
989:
983:
968:
962:
949:
943:
930:
924:
911:
905:
582:Casualty Actuarial Society
565:
562:Casualty Actuarial Society
555:
532:
519:
506:
493:
480:
467:
454:
441:
428:
415:
364:
361:United Kingdom and Ireland
343:Casualty Actuarial Society
174:
160:, and a requirement for a
143:
122:Casualty Actuarial Society
80:in London. Part II is the
18:
2389:"Membership requirements"
2012:"How to Register Student"
1955:Stockholm University 2006
1929:University of Bergen 2011
1856:ASHK Certificate Overview
756:
751:
316:
272:
221:
2691:Norberg, Ragnar (1990).
2520:German Actuarial Society
1917:How to Become an Actuary
1734:
547:United States and Canada
233:The University of Bergen
203:The education system in
198:
186:
181:German Actuarial Society
150:University of Copenhagen
91:
632:mathematical statistics
533:Communications Practice
295:mathematical statistics
82:Actuarial control cycle
66:University of Melbourne
2840:. 2011. Archived from
2817:. 2006. Archived from
2722:. 2011. Archived from
2522:. 2011. Archived from
2475:. 2011. Archived from
2449:. 2011. Archived from
2399:. 2010. Archived from
1607:Exams 3L and 3F (2007)
1576:Part of exam 3 (2003)
1472:Part of exam 3 (2003)
859:
836:
804:
277:Actuarial training in
237:The University of Oslo
179:Current rules for the
78:Institute of Actuaries
2291:libreddit.spike.codes
2086:"Our Exams Explained"
1659:Exam 2 (2005) and VEE
1344:Financial Mathematics
925:Financial Mathematics
860:
858:{\displaystyle 100\%}
837:
805:
416:Actuarial Mathematics
375:Qualification in the
303:financial mathematics
299:insurance mathematics
2838:University of Bergen
2815:Stockholm University
2811:"Aktuarieprogrammet"
2795:Society of Actuaries
2771:Society of Actuaries
2747:Society of Actuaries
2479:on November 12, 2020
2127:www.actuaries.org.uk
2090:www.actuaries.org.uk
2016:www.actuaries.org.uk
1022:Predictive Analytics
874:Society of Actuaries
846:
814:
769:
616:predictive analytics
578:Society of Actuaries
558:Society of Actuaries
442:Actuarial Statistics
339:Society of Actuaries
325:is administrated by
283:Stockholm University
207:is administrated by
118:Society of Actuaries
58:Macquarie University
2568:"Education Program"
1826:www.yicaiglobal.com
1288:
877:
602:Education and exams
510:Session based exam
494:Business Management
484:Session based exam
471:Session based exam
458:Session based exam
445:Session based exam
432:Session based exam
419:Session based exam
262:One may obtain the
1674:Actuarial Modeling
1283:
1265:Actuarial Modeling
1189:Exams MFE and MLC
1009:Part of exam STAM
990:Part of exam LTAM
872:
855:
832:
800:
520:Modelling Practice
507:Actuarial Practice
481:Business Economics
158:probability theory
2909:Actuarial science
1809:IAA-Part III 2006
1732:
1731:
1281:
1280:
786:
763:
762:
540:
539:
321:Qualification in
74:Curtin University
54:Monash University
2926:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2836:(in Norwegian).
2829:
2827:
2826:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2544:
2543:. Glasgow: Bell.
2535:
2533:
2531:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2440:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2393:Washington, D.C.
2384:
2382:
2380:
2369:Washington, D.C.
2362:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2330:. Archived from
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2240:. Archived from
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2063:. Archived from
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2038:. Archived from
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2008:
2002:
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1701:Actuarial Models
1551:Part of exam 3L
1526:Part of exam 3L
1447:Exams LC and ST
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1243:Actuarial Models
1233:Exam FM and VEE
1177:Actuarial Models
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285:. The five-year
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1783:IAA-Part I 2006
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1742:
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1582:Exams LC and ST
1418:Exam 3F (2007)
1277:Exam C and VEE
1211:Exam P and VEE
1139:Part of exam M
1117:Part of exam M
847:
844:
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2844:on 2011-07-18
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953:Current exam
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34:
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28:
22:
2846:. Retrieved
2842:the original
2823:. Retrieved
2819:the original
2801:February 27,
2799:. Retrieved
2790:
2777:February 27,
2775:. Retrieved
2766:
2753:February 27,
2751:. Retrieved
2742:
2728:. Retrieved
2724:the original
2706:February 27,
2704:. Retrieved
2699:
2682:February 27,
2680:. Retrieved
2671:
2657:. Retrieved
2644:
2630:. Retrieved
2617:
2603:. Retrieved
2590:
2576:. Retrieved
2557:. Retrieved
2540:
2530:February 27,
2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
2505:. Retrieved
2501:the original
2481:. Retrieved
2477:the original
2458:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2442:
2425:. Retrieved
2405:. Retrieved
2401:the original
2377:. Retrieved
2364:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:the original
2322:
2305:
2294:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:the original
2232:
2219:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:
2117:
2104:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:the original
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:the original
2030:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:
2006:
1995:
1984:
1973:
1962:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1912:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1868:Norberg 1990
1862:
1851:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1825:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1761:
1724:
1716:
1696:
1689:
1669:
1662:
1642:
1635:
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1590:
1565:
1540:
1515:
1508:
1488:
1481:
1461:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1407:
1399:Current exam
1385:
1377:Current exam
1363:
1356:
1353:Current exam
1339:
1332:
1329:Current exam
1315:
1287:(CAS) Exams
1260:
1238:
1216:
1194:
1172:
1150:
1128:
1106:
1084:
1062:
1055:
1038:
1028:
1017:
998:
979:
969:
958:
939:
920:
901:
876:(SOA) Exams
867:
764:
757:
752:
742:
737:
732:
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722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
644:
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605:
593:
586:
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541:
536:Online exam
528:
523:Online exam
515:
502:
497:Online exam
489:
476:
463:
450:
437:
424:
411:
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331:
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251:South Africa
225:
217:
213:
202:
190:
178:
147:
134:
128:(IFoA), and
114:
95:
86:
47:
40:
26:
24:
2375:: 5–7. 2008
2267:www.soa.org
1831:5 September
1754:IAA-Ed 2021
1505:Exam MAS-II
1320:Probability
1301:Preceded by
906:Probability
890:Preceded by
608:probability
353:(IAA), and
291:mathematics
2903:Categories
2848:2011-03-04
2825:2006-09-10
2730:2011-03-04
2659:2007-05-01
2641:"Part III"
2632:2007-05-01
2605:2007-05-01
2578:2021-05-10
2559:2021-05-10
2549:"About Us"
2507:2006-06-11
2483:August 14,
2460:2011-01-19
2427:2007-08-31
2407:January 4,
2379:January 4,
2350:References
2338:2016-06-18
2296:2021-12-01
2272:2021-12-01
2248:2016-06-18
2132:2022-01-20
2095:2022-01-20
2071:2013-12-31
2046:2013-12-31
2021:2022-01-20
1453:Exam MAS-I
1298:Introduced
1295:Exam title
1167:Exam STAM
1145:Exam LTAM
887:Introduced
884:Exam title
624:accounting
403:Exam title
154:statistics
104:(CAA) and
19:See also:
2791:Education
2767:Education
2743:Education
2225:CAS 2011a
2212:SOA 2012c
2199:SOA 2012a
2173:CAS 2011b
1310:SOA eqv.
1292:Exam code
1183:Course 3
1161:Course 4
1123:Exam IFM
1073:Exam MLC
1049:Exam MFE
931:Course 2
912:Course 1
881:Exam code
853:%
830:%
798:%
792:≈
789:%
684:>1.4P
681:1.3P–1.4P
678:1.2P–1.3P
675:1.1P–1.2P
666:0.8P–0.9P
663:0.7P–0.8P
660:0.6P–0.7P
657:0.5P–0.6P
639:Prometric
620:economics
400:Exam code
311:economics
110:Hong Kong
37:Australia
2653:Archived
2651:. 2006.
2626:Archived
2624:. 2006.
2599:Archived
2597:. 2006.
2587:"Part I"
2421:Archived
2186:CIA 2004
2160:AAA 2008
2147:AAA 2010
1894:ASI 2006
1881:DAV 2011
654:<0.5P
349:(IFoA),
287:master's
162:master's
2672:Student
2645:Courses
2618:Courses
2591:Courses
2000:Exam 6T
1374:Exam S
1255:Exam M
1095:Exam C
810:, then
749:Result
669:0.9P–P
628:finance
406:Format
381:Ireland
345:(CAS),
341:(SOA),
175:Germany
144:Denmark
132:(IAA).
124:(CAS),
120:(SOA),
100:, both
31:actuary
2797:. 2012
2773:. 2012
2749:. 2012
2678:. 2011
2574:. 2021
2555:. 2021
1557:Exam S
1532:Exam S
1386:MAS-II
1304:Ceased
893:Ceased
689:Score
672:P–1.1P
651:Range
630:, and
335:Taiwan
323:Taiwan
317:Taiwan
279:Sweden
273:Sweden
241:Norway
228:Norway
222:Norway
165:thesis
2696:(PDF)
2454:(PDF)
2439:(PDF)
2361:(PDF)
2314:(PDF)
1735:Notes
1364:MAS-I
999:ASTAM
980:ALTAM
205:Japan
199:Japan
187:India
98:China
92:China
2803:2012
2779:2012
2755:2012
2708:2012
2684:2012
2532:2012
2485:2011
2409:2010
2381:2010
1833:2023
1725:Note
1710:2003
1704:2000
1683:2005
1677:2000
1656:2005
1650:2000
1629:2005
1623:2000
1604:2007
1598:2003
1579:2013
1573:2007
1554:2016
1548:2014
1529:2016
1523:2013
1502:2017
1496:2005
1475:2017
1469:2007
1450:2017
1444:2015
1421:2022
1415:2018
1393:2018
1371:2018
1347:2005
1323:2005
1274:2005
1268:2000
1252:2005
1246:2000
1230:2005
1224:2000
1208:2005
1202:2000
1186:2006
1180:2005
1164:2017
1158:2005
1142:2017
1136:2007
1120:2017
1114:2007
1098:2022
1092:2018
1085:STAM
1076:2022
1070:2018
1063:LTAM
1052:2022
1046:2018
1029:None
1025:2018
1006:2023
987:2023
970:None
966:2018
947:2023
928:2005
909:2005
824:>
795:71.4
776:>
758:Pass
753:Fail
626:and
594:The
570:and
560:and
379:and
369:and
235:and
191:The
156:and
25:The
1482:MFE
1462:3F*
1430:IFM
1129:MLC
1107:MFE
1039:IFM
959:SRM
940:FAM
850:100
827:100
818:1.4
784:1.4
781:100
765:If
529:CP3
516:CP2
503:CP1
490:CB3
477:CB2
464:CB1
451:CS2
438:CS1
425:CM2
412:CM1
226:In
96:In
72:or
2905::
2793:.
2789:.
2769:.
2765:.
2745:.
2741:.
2718:.
2698:.
2674:.
2670:.
2647:.
2643:.
2620:.
2616:.
2593:.
2589:.
2570:.
2551:.
2495:.
2471:.
2445:.
2441:.
2419:.
2395::
2391:.
2371::
2367:.
2363:.
2289:.
2265:.
2125:.
2088:.
2014:.
1824:.
1774:^
1743:^
1697:3*
1670:4*
1643:2*
1616:1*
1610:—
1585:—
1566:3L
1560:—
1541:ST
1535:—
1516:LC
1456:—
1408:3F
1402:—
1380:—
1357:FM
1018:PA
921:FM
743:10
622:,
614:,
584:.
305:,
301:,
297:,
293:,
247:.
171:)
68:,
64:,
60:,
56:,
52:,
45:.
2851:.
2828:.
2805:.
2781:.
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2733:.
2710:.
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2608:.
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2227:)
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2201:)
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2188:)
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2162:)
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2149:)
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2135:.
2112:)
2108:(
2098:.
2074:.
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2024:.
1957:)
1953:(
1944:)
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1931:)
1927:(
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1794:(
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1781:(
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1765:(
1756:)
1752:(
1717:3
1690:4
1663:2
1636:1
1591:3
1509:C
1489:4
1437:S
1340:2
1333:P
1316:1
1261:4
1239:3
1217:2
1195:1
1173:M
1151:C
902:P
821:P
773:P
738:9
733:8
728:7
723:6
718:5
713:4
708:3
703:2
698:1
693:0
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