775:
45:
230:
1595:
601:
462:
525:. He later wrote "If I have been converted in part from the diluvian theory...it was...by my own gradual improved experience, and by communicating with those about me. Perhaps I may date my change of mind (at least in part) from our journey in the Highlands, where there are so many indications of local diluvial operations....
680:
If I did not think you a good tempered & truth loving man I should not tell you that... I have read your book with more pain than pleasure. Parts of it I admired greatly; parts I laughed at till my sides were almost sore; other parts I read with absolute sorrow; because I think them utterly false
551:
He strongly believed that species of organisms originated in a succession of Divine creative acts throughout the long expanse of history. Any form of development that denied a direct creative action smacked as materialistic and amoral. For
Sedgwick, moral truths (the obtainment of which separates man
813:
In 1865, the
University of Cambridge received from A. A. Van Sittart the sum of 500 pounds sterling "for the purpose of encouraging the study of geology among the resident members of the university, and in honour of the Rev. Adam Sedgwick". Thus was founded the Sedgwick Prize to be given every third
701:
but a secondary consequence of supposed, or known, primary facts. Development is a better word because more close to the cause of the fact. For you do not deny causation. I call (in the abstract) causation the will of God: & I can prove that He acts for the good of His creatures. He also acts by
640:
He lashed out at the book in a letter to
Charles Lyell, bemoaning the consequences of it conclusions. "...If the book be true, the labours of sober induction are in vain; religion is a lie; human law is a mass of folly, and a base injustice; morality is moonshine; our labours for the black people of
500:
No opinion can be heretical, but that which is not true.... Conflicting falsehoods we can comprehend; but truths can never war against each other. I affirm, therefore, that we have nothing to fear from the results of our enquiries, provided they be followed in the laborious but secure road of honest
563:
proposed "a deformed progeny of heretical and fantastical conclusions, by which sober philosophy has been put to open shame, and sometimes even the charities of life have been exposed to violation." In 1834 he continued, "They have committed the folly and SIN of dogmatizing," having "sinned against
765:
in politics, Sedgwick had long been a passionate supporter of abolition. In a letter to Bishop
Wilberforce, dated July 16, 1848, Sedgwick wrote of signing a petition against the slave trade while he was a child—the first "political act of life"—after his father had shown him "ugly pictures of the
710:
He emphasised his distinction between the moral and physical aspects of life, "There is a moral or metaphysical part of nature as well as a physical. A man who denies this is deep in the mire of folly". If humanity broke this distinction it "would suffer a damage that might brutalize it—& sink
622:
published in
October 1844 to immediate popular success, Sedgwick's many friends urged him to respond. Like other eminent scientists he initially ignored the book, but the subject kept recurring and he then read it carefully and made a withering attack on the book in the July 1845 edition of the
513:'s interpretation of certain superficial deposits, particularly loose rocks and gravel, as "diluvium" relating to worldwide floods, and in 1825 he published two papers identifying these as due to a "great irregular inundation" from the "waters of a general deluge",
718:" and writing that "It repudiates all reasoning from final causes; and seems to shut the door on any view (however feeble) of the God of Nature as manifested in His works. From first to last it is a dish of rank materialism cleverly cooked and served up".
797:
On the death of
Sedgwick it was decided that his memorial should take the form of a new and larger museum. There was brief, later discarded, talk of opening a Sedgwick youth summer programme. Hitherto the geological collections had been placed in the
390:
at
Cambridge from 1818, holding the chair until his death in 1873. His biography in the Cambridge Alumni database says that upon his acceptance of the position, Sedgwick had no working knowledge of geology. An 1851 portrait of Sedgwick by
1495:"Adam Sedgwick's Dent" A facsimile reprint of 'A Memorial by the Trustees of Cowgill Chapel (1868) and 'Supplement to the Memorial (1870) by Adam Sedgwick with introduction by David Boulton Hollett, Sedbergh and David Boulton Dent 1984.
406:
worked out the order of the
Carboniferous and underlying Devonian strata. These studies were mostly carried out in the 1830s. The investigations into the Devonian meant that Sedgwick was involved with Murchison in a vigorous debate with
633:"comes before with a bright, polished, and many-coloured surface, and the serpent coils a false philosophy, and asks them to stretch out their hands and pluck the forbidden fruit", he wrote in his review. Accepting the arguments in
688:
s locomotive that was to sail with us to the Moon. Many of your wide conclusions are based upon assumptions which can neither be proved nor disproved. Why then express them in the language & arrangements of philosophical
906:
481:
church, encloses a wide range of beliefs. During
Sedgwick's life there developed something of a chasm between the conservative high church believers and the liberal wing. After simmering for some years, the publication of
564:
plain sense," and "of writing mischievous nonsense," "Their eyes cannot bear to look upon" truth and suppose an "ignorant and dishonest" theory. They show "bigotry and ignorance," of nature's laws and natural phenomena.
517:. Sedgwick's subsequent investigations and discussions with continental geologists persuaded him that this was problematic. In early 1827, after spending several weeks in Paris, he visited geological features in the
817:
To celebrate the bicentenary of
Sedgwick's birth a geological trail was created near Dent, the village where he was born and developed his passion for geology (amongst other things). The Sedgwick Trail follows the
572:. He referred to Sedgwick's ideas as "unscriptural and anti-Christian," "scripture-defying", "revelation-subverting," and "baseless speculations and self-contradictions," which were "impious and infidel".
681:& grievously mischievous – You have deserted—after a start in that tram-road of all solid physical truth—the true method of induction—& started up a machinery as wild I think as
1052:"Address to the Geological Society, delivered on the Evening of the 18th of February 1831, by the Rev. Professor Sedgwick, M.A. F.R.S. &c. on retiring from the President's chair"
548:
Sedgwick talked of floods at various dates, then on 18 February 1831 when retiring from the Presidency of the Geological Society he recanted his former belief in Buckland's theory.
1022:"Geological Society, Feb. 19 – At the Annual General Meeting of the Society, held on this day, the President, Professor Sedgwick, delivered the following Address from the chair: –"
939:
501:
induction. In this way we may rest assured that we shall never arrive at conclusions opposed to any truth, either physical or moral, from whatever source that truth may be derived
750:
2095:
418:
for a short time in arranging the fossils in the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge, and whom accompanied the professor on several geological expeditions (1842–1845) into Wales.
552:
from beast) were to be distinguished from physical truths, and to combine these or blur them together could only lead to disastrous consequences. In fact, one's own hope for
2700:
850:
721:
Despite this difference of opinion, the two men remained friendly until Sedgwick's death. In contrast to Sedgwick, liberal church members (who included biologists such as
597:, but his courage was hailed by the full spectrum of the liberal press, and the confrontation was a key moment in the battle over relations between Scripture and science.
2770:
1548:
814:
year for the best essay on some geological subject. The first Sedgwick Prize was awarded in 1873. After that, the controversy of the brochure ended the prize giving.
745:, in 1835 Sedgwick was awarded half of £3,783 in compensation for 174 slaves, following the abolition of slavery by the British government. Sedgwick is listed in the
1653:
591:, who described it as unscriptural. The entire chapter house of the cathedral refused to sit down with Sedgwick, and he was opposed by conservative papers including
2720:
335:
He strongly opposed the admission of women to the University of Cambridge, in one conversation describing aspiring female students as "nasty forward minxes."
370:
in 1808 and his MA in 1811. On 20 July 1817 he was ordained a deacon, then a year later he was ordained as a priest. His academic mentors at Cambridge were
576:
1212:
575:
While he became increasingly Evangelical with age, he strongly supported advances in geology against conservative churchmen. At the September 1844
943:
2760:
2735:
2730:
1646:
2152:
702:
laws which we can study & comprehend—Acting by law, & under what is called final cause, comprehends, I think, your whole principle
2740:
2715:
618:
1406:
2765:
758:
641:
Africa were works of madmen; and man and woman are only better beasts!" Later, Sedgwick added a long preface to the 5th edition of his
711:
the human race into a lower grade of degradation than any into which it has fallen since its written records tell us of its history".
2102:
1639:
1568:
Victorian Sensation: the extraordinary publication, reception, and secret authorship of Vestiges of the natural history of creation
2710:
2059:
488:
by liberal churchmen in 1860 pinpointed the differences. In all this, Sedgwick, whose science and faith were intertwined in a
2705:
1434:
446:
1042:
1524:
2287:
847:
2755:
1441:
588:
363:
492:, was definitely on the conservative side, and extremely outspoken about it. He told the February 1830 meeting of the
1575:
1514:
829:
807:
783:
753:, as being an awardee in receipt of £3,783 1s 8d on 8 February 1836 for "174 Enslaved". He was one of 46,000 people
2725:
1498:"A Discourse on the Studies of the University" Adam Sedgwick The Victorian Library, Leicester University Press 1969
1484:
387:
762:
2750:
2428:
2011:
1103:
1026:
The Philosophical Magazine: Or Annals of Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural History and General Science
310:
200:
1104:"Young-Earth Creationists in Early Nineteenth-century Britain? Towards a reassessment of 'Scriptural Geology'"
398:
Sedgwick studied the geology of the British Isles and Europe. He founded the system for the classification of
2745:
2639:
2157:
313:
about rocks near the boundary between the Silurian and Carboniferous periods, he and Murchison proposed the
2468:
2352:
2307:
2267:
2237:
2111:
609:
493:
450:
371:
186:
324:
in his early study of geology and continued to be on friendly terms, Sedgwick was an opponent of Darwin's
2695:
2453:
2337:
754:
660:
545:
430:
1474:
1216:
2613:
2342:
2292:
1891:
1867:
1426:
383:
356:
176:
111:
2538:
2528:
2478:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2137:
874:
Bernard V. Lightman, Bennett Zon. Evolution and Victorian Culture. Cambridge University Press, p. 292
746:
20:
1723:
2649:
2588:
2523:
2167:
774:
668:
348:
72:
1699:
1617:
1088:
2568:
2443:
2413:
2393:
2347:
2327:
2247:
2187:
2147:
2127:
2088:
2080:
1763:
1623:
514:
367:
991:
2690:
2603:
2558:
2553:
2473:
2388:
1907:
1683:
794:, the oldest student-run geological society in the world, was set up in honour of him in 1880.
730:
583:
he achieved national celebrity for his reply defending modern geology against an attack by the
526:
2043:
1400:
1051:
1021:
714:
In a letter to another correspondent, Sedgwick was even harsher on Darwin's book, calling it "
2513:
2463:
2433:
2403:
1915:
1851:
1819:
1691:
1418:
1377:
803:
565:
539:
375:
190:
1213:"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 2548 – Sedgwick, Adam to Darwin, C. R., 24 Nov 1859"
2685:
2680:
2608:
2578:
2448:
2418:
2317:
2172:
1995:
1963:
1827:
1739:
726:
560:
344:
290:
68:
8:
2598:
2593:
2488:
2438:
2302:
2297:
2277:
2067:
1971:
1955:
1803:
1715:
1609:
1604:
1082:
885:
865:
Ray Spangenburg, Diane Moser, The Age of Synthesis: 1800–1895. Infobase Publishing. p. 94
676:
in 1844. In response to receiving and reading Darwin's book, he wrote to Darwin saying:
415:
325:
44:
1843:
530:
2503:
2493:
2207:
2182:
1811:
1540:
1134:
799:
779:
522:
518:
484:
438:
403:
302:
2644:
2563:
2498:
2458:
2222:
2132:
1883:
1571:
1544:
1510:
1430:
1414:
1372:
1138:
1126:
694:
470:
408:
329:
278:
133:
1795:
1473:
229:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2332:
2322:
2282:
2202:
2162:
2027:
2019:
1835:
1599:
1532:
1118:
722:
666:, and afterwards. However, Sedgwick never accepted the case for evolution made in
625:
510:
489:
244:
1947:
1707:
2618:
2543:
2227:
2212:
2197:
2142:
2051:
1899:
1563:
1179:
854:
434:
352:
286:
204:
143:
1631:
655:
was one of his geology students in 1831, and accompanied him on a field trip to
2659:
2654:
2573:
2548:
2518:
2398:
2257:
2217:
2035:
2003:
1875:
1787:
1779:
1479:
1122:
652:
478:
474:
392:
321:
208:
125:
1616:
1536:
741:
As a co-trustee of the will of Ann Sill, an owner of slaves in plantations in
2674:
2533:
2508:
2483:
2423:
2408:
2242:
2232:
2192:
1987:
1979:
1923:
1859:
1755:
1747:
1731:
1492:"Adam Sedgwick – Geologist and Dalesman" Colin Speakman Broad Oak Press 1982.
1410:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 557–558.
1395:
1310:
1273:
1251:
1130:
791:
534:
445:
on 1 February 1821. In 1844, he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
442:
2583:
2368:
1675:
1662:
1610:
The life and letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick Vol.2 by J.W.Clark, 1890
1605:
The life and letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick Vol.1 by J.W.Clark, 1890
1502:
1455:
819:
682:
613:
584:
422:
212:
148:
32:
2623:
1939:
1931:
966:
History of geology and palaeontology to the end of the nineteenth century
553:
294:
2312:
823:
426:
1347:
659:
that summer. The two kept up a correspondence while Darwin was on the
600:
1399:
832:
in British Columbia, Canada, was officially named after him in 1951.
593:
274:
129:
91:
399:
314:
306:
298:
282:
122:
2110:
890:. University of California Libraries. Cambridge, University Press.
309:
period. Later in 1840, to resolve what later became known as the
1590:
742:
166:
1488:. Vol. 17. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 179–182.
461:
281:
priest, one of the founders of modern geology. He proposed the
1460:
I. Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
751:
Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave Ownership
379:
1446:
Charles Scribner's Sons: 1970–1990; vol. 12, pp. 275–279.
362:
He studied mathematics and theology, and obtained his BA (5th
1297:
The Life and Letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick, Volume II
1252:"Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slave-ownership"
1237:
Letter to Miss Gerard from Adam Sedgwick, 2 January 1860, in
656:
19:
This article is about the geologist. For the zoologist, see
1195:
Letter of Adam Sedgwick to Charles Lyell, 9 April 1845, in
637:
was akin to falling from grace and away from God's favour.
580:
351:, the third child of an Anglican vicar. He was educated at
253:
1425:
Cambridge University Press, 1890, vols. 1–2. (Reissued by
411:, in what became known as the great Devonian controversy.
256:
802:
in Cockerell's Building. Through the energy of Professor
262:
1274:"Details of Claim | Legacies of British Slave-ownership"
1328:
643:
Discourse on the Studies of the University of Cambridge
1058:. Vol. 9. Taylor & Francis. pp. 312–315.
806:(successor to Sedgwick) the new building, termed the
265:
259:
250:
49:
Portrait of Adam Sedgwick, c. 1863, by Ernest Edwards
2701:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1452:
Williams, T. I., Ed., Wiley, 1969, pp. 467–468.
922:
920:
1525:"Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author"
1423:
The Life and Letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick,
884:Clark, John Willis; Hughes, Thomas McKenny (1890).
529:ridiculed beyond measure when I met him in Paris.
429:, and was the first to distinguish clearly between
247:
887:The life and letters of the Reverend Adam Sedgwick
736:
612:anonymously published his own theory of universal
577:British Association for the Advancement of Science
2771:Presidents of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
1661:
917:
456:
273:; 22 March 1785 – 27 January 1873) was a British
2672:
301:period in 1835, in a joint publication in which
1154:Popular Geology Subversive of Divine Revelation
822:, highlighting rock features and exploring the
570:Popular Geology Subversive of Divine Revelation
568:then responded in 1834 in a 136-page "letter,"
2721:Presidents of the Geological Society of London
2113:Presidents of the Geological Society of London
1531:, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 159–192,
1239:The Life and Letters of the Rev. Adam Sedgwick
1197:The Life and Letters of the Rev. Adam Sedgwick
1117:(150). Science History Publications Ltd: 371.
2096:
1647:
1207:
1205:
509:As a geologist in the mid-1820s he supported
1101:
616:as his "development hypothesis" in the book
1028:. Vol. 7. Richard Taylor. p. 310.
883:
733:) were usually comfortable with evolution.
619:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
2103:
2089:
1654:
1640:
1529:British Journal for the History of Science
1202:
940:"Trinity College, University of Cambridge"
43:
1570:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1462:(2nd Ed.), Doubleday: 1982, p. 299.
1450:A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists,
1394:
1334:
1080:
1068:
1046:
1019:
905:
773:
649:and theories of development in general.
599:
460:
1522:
1038:
1032:
997:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
992:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter S"
421:Sedgwick investigated the phenomena of
2673:
1948:Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
1562:
1501:
1471:
1015:
926:
672:in 1859 any more than he did that in
645:(1850), including a lengthy attack on
533:lectured against it." In response to
293:. Based on work which he did on Welsh
2761:19th-century English Anglican priests
2736:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
2084:
1635:
1294:
901:
899:
897:
447:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2731:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1551:from the original on 8 February 2009
1151:
984:
942:. BBC Your Paintings. Archived from
810:, was completed and opened in 1903.
13:
2741:Writers about religion and science
2716:People educated at Sedbergh School
1442:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1087:. Cambridge, Pitt Press. pp.
894:
441:. He was elected to Fellow of the
338:
14:
2782:
2766:Woodwardian Professors of Geology
1584:
1295:Clark, John Willis Clark (1890).
784:Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences
761:in the United Kingdom. A liberal
1485:Dictionary of National Biography
1084:On the Studies of the University
848:Background note on Adam Sedgwick
388:Woodwardian Professor of Geology
243:
228:
1596:Works by or about Adam Sedgwick
1507:Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging
1365:
1348:"The Sedgwick Geological Trail"
1340:
1303:
1288:
1266:
1244:
1231:
1189:
1173:
1160:
1145:
1095:
1074:
1062:
1009:
737:Links and opposition to slavery
395:hangs in Trinity's collection.
320:Though he had guided the young
2711:Recipients of the Copley Medal
1472:Bonney, Thomas George (1889).
979:The great Devonian controversy
971:
964:von Zittel, Karl Alfred 1901.
958:
932:
877:
868:
859:
841:
457:Geological views and evolution
1:
1388:
544:which is known for promoting
16:British geologist (1785–1873)
2706:Fellows of the Royal Society
1241:vol. 2 (1890), pgs. 359–360.
494:Geological Society of London
451:Geological Society of London
7:
1276:. University College London
1254:. University College London
911:A Cambridge Alumni Database
907:"Sedgwick, Adam (SGWK803A)"
556:may ultimately rest on it.
10:
2787:
1892:Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
1868:August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1627:. Vol. 2. April 1873.
1591:Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge
1427:Cambridge University Press
1123:10.1177/007327530704500401
913:. University of Cambridge.
449:. He was president of the
384:Trinity College, Cambridge
357:Trinity College, Cambridge
311:Great Devonian Controversy
177:Trinity College, Cambridge
112:Trinity College, Cambridge
18:
2756:People from Dent, Cumbria
2632:
2361:
2273:Warington Wilkinson Smyth
2120:
1670:
1537:10.1017/s0007087400027060
1509:, London: Jonathan Cape,
1315:sedgwickclub.soc.srcf.net
1299:. Cambridge. p. 144.
769:
747:University College London
227:
222:
218:
196:
182:
172:
162:
155:
139:
117:
107:
99:
80:
54:
42:
30:
21:Adam Sedgwick (zoologist)
1523:Herbert, Sandra (1991),
1468:1873, 29, pp. xxx–xxxix.
1102:O'Connor, Ralph (2007).
853:21 February 2014 at the
835:
669:On the Origin of Species
2726:Wollaston Medal winners
2288:George Douglas Campbell
2248:Joseph Ellison Portlock
2188:George Bellas Greenough
2148:George Bellas Greenough
2128:George Bellas Greenough
1836:Julius Robert von Mayer
1624:Popular Science Monthly
1407:Encyclopædia Britannica
1081:Sedgwick, Adam (1834).
1020:Sedgwick, Adam (1830).
559:He stated in 1830 that
368:University of Cambridge
2554:William Alexander Deer
2474:Herbert Leader Hawkins
1908:James Joseph Sylvester
1724:Michel Eugène Chevreul
1684:Alexander von Humboldt
1475:"Sedgwick, Adam"
1401:"Sedgwick, Adam"
1199:vol. 2 (1890), pg. 84.
1056:Philosophical Magazine
787:
778:Statue of Sedgwick by
731:William Kitchen Parker
605:
546:uniformitarian geology
466:
2751:English abolitionists
2514:Walter Campbell Smith
2464:Henry Hurd Swinnerton
2404:Arthur Smith Woodward
2263:Andrew Crombie Ramsay
2012:George Gabriel Stokes
1916:Charles Adolphe Wurtz
1852:Hermann von Helmholtz
1820:Henri Victor Regnault
1700:Johannes Peter Müller
1692:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
1466:Quart. J. Geol. Soc.,
1378:BC Geographical Names
1186:(2000), pp. 233, 246.
977:Rudwick M.S.J. 1985.
968:. Scott, London. p432
777:
766:horrors of slavery".
603:
561:scriptural geologists
540:Principles of Geology
537:'s 1830 publication,
464:
343:Sedgwick was born in
2746:British creationists
1996:Stanislao Cannizzaro
1964:Joseph Dalton Hooker
1828:James Prescott Joule
1740:Wilhelm Eduard Weber
1170:(2000), pp. 232–233.
1152:Cole, Henry (1834).
759:abolition of slavery
727:William Henry Flower
291:geological timescale
2529:Sydney Hollingworth
2489:Herbert Harold Read
2313:John Whitaker Hulke
2303:Henry Clifton Sorby
2298:Peter Martin Duncan
2278:Thomas Henry Huxley
2068:Marcellin Berthelot
2060:John William Strutt
2044:Albert von Kölliker
1972:Thomas Henry Huxley
1956:Franz Ernst Neumann
1804:Karl Ernst von Baer
1716:Henri Milne-Edwards
1311:"The Sedgwick Club"
1219:on 2 September 2007
1184:Victorian Sensation
1168:Victorian Sensation
1156:. pp. 52, 113.
416:John William Salter
326:theory of evolution
2696:English geologists
2524:James Stubblefield
2479:William Fearnsides
2208:Roderick Murchison
2183:Roderick Murchison
1812:Charles Wheatstone
1111:History of Science
800:Woodwardian Museum
788:
780:Edward Onslow Ford
693:Sedgwick regarded
606:
523:Roderick Murchison
519:Scottish Highlands
485:Essays and Reviews
467:
404:Roderick Murchison
305:also proposed the
303:Roderick Murchison
297:, he proposed the
121:Classification of
2668:
2667:
2645:Mark Moody-Stuart
2539:Frederick Shotton
2499:Owen Thomas Jones
2459:Owen Thomas Jones
2338:Wilfred Hudleston
2223:Henry De la Beche
2158:William Babington
2133:Henry Grey Bennet
2078:
2077:
1884:James Dwight Dana
1663:Copley Medallists
1435:978-1-108-01831-9
1166:James A. Secord,
755:paid compensation
695:natural selection
471:Church of England
414:He also employed
409:Henry De la Beche
330:natural selection
236:
235:
183:Academic advisors
157:Scientific career
134:natural selection
2778:
2384:Archibald Geikie
2374:Charles Lapworth
2353:William Whitaker
2333:Archibald Geikie
2328:William Blanford
2323:John Wesley Judd
2308:Robert Etheridge
2283:Joseph Prestwich
2268:William Hamilton
2238:William Hamilton
2203:William Buckland
2163:William Buckland
2114:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2028:Karl Weierstrass
2023:
2020:Edward Frankland
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1844:Friedrich Wöhler
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1618:"Obituary"
1600:Internet Archive
1580:
1564:Secord, James A.
1559:
1558:
1556:
1519:
1503:Browne, E. Janet
1489:
1477:
1411:
1403:
1383:
1382:
1373:"Mount Sedgwick"
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:. Archived from
1209:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
996:
988:
982:
975:
969:
962:
956:
955:
953:
951:
936:
930:
924:
915:
914:
903:
892:
891:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
845:
723:George Rolleston
705:
687:
626:Edinburgh Review
604:Sedgwick in 1867
589:William Cockburn
511:William Buckland
504:
490:natural theology
473:, by no means a
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
232:
197:Notable students
128:; opposition to
87:
64:
62:
47:
28:
27:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2628:
2619:Richard Hardman
2614:R. S. J. Sparks
2589:Charles Holland
2569:Wallace Pitcher
2544:Kingsley Dunham
2414:George Lamplugh
2357:
2228:William Hopkins
2213:Henry Warburton
2198:William Whewell
2143:John MacCulloch
2116:
2112:
2109:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2052:William Huggins
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1932:William Thomson
1930:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1900:Rudolf Clausius
1898:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1615:
1587:
1578:
1554:
1552:
1517:
1480:Stephen, Leslie
1391:
1386:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1190:
1180:James A. Secord
1178:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1037:
1033:
1018:, p. 129,
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
989:
985:
976:
972:
963:
959:
949:
947:
938:
937:
933:
925:
918:
904:
895:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
855:Wayback Machine
846:
842:
838:
808:Sedgwick Museum
772:
739:
703:
685:
610:Robert Chambers
587:, the Reverend
502:
459:
402:rocks and with
353:Sedbergh School
341:
339:Life and career
287:Devonian period
246:
242:
211:
207:
205:William Hopkins
203:
189:
147:
144:Wollaston Medal
108:Alma mater
95:
89:
85:
84:27 January 1873
76:
66:
60:
58:
50:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2784:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2660:Lynne Frostick
2657:
2655:Richard Fortey
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Ronald Oxburgh
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Charles Curtis
2606:
2604:Anthony Harris
2601:
2599:Derek Blundell
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:Percival Allen
2571:
2566:
2561:
2559:Thomas Westoll
2556:
2551:
2549:Neville George
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Leonard Hawkes
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Arthur Trueman
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Thomas Holland
2446:
2444:Edmund Garwood
2441:
2436:
2434:Francis Bather
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Richard Oldham
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Aubrey Strahan
2396:
2391:
2389:William Sollas
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:Henry Woodward
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Leonard Horner
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2218:Leonard Horner
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2173:William Fitton
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2036:Carl Gegenbaur
2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2004:Rudolf Virchow
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1876:Claude Bernard
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1796:Julius Plücker
1792:
1788:Michel Chasles
1784:
1780:Charles Darwin
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1593:
1586:
1585:External links
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1560:
1520:
1515:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1469:
1463:
1453:
1447:
1438:
1412:
1398:, ed. (1911).
1396:Chisholm, Hugh
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1364:
1339:
1337:, p. 558.
1327:
1302:
1287:
1265:
1243:
1230:
1201:
1188:
1172:
1159:
1144:
1094:
1073:
1061:
1050:(April 1831).
1048:Sedgwick, Adam
1031:
1008:
983:
970:
957:
946:on 11 May 2014
931:
916:
893:
876:
867:
858:
839:
837:
834:
830:Mount Sedgwick
804:T. McK. Hughes
771:
768:
738:
735:
708:
707:
691:
690:
683:Bishop Wilkins
653:Charles Darwin
507:
506:
475:fundamentalist
458:
455:
439:slaty cleavage
431:stratification
393:William Boxall
378:. He became a
340:
337:
322:Charles Darwin
234:
233:
225:
224:
220:
219:
216:
215:
209:Charles Darwin
201:George Peacock
198:
194:
193:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
153:
152:
141:
137:
136:
119:
118:Known for
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
90:
88:(aged 87)
82:
78:
77:
67:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2783:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Catastrophism
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Bernard Leake
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Howel Francis
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Oliver Bulman
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Percy Boswell
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Albert Seward
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Alfred Harker
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:William Watts
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:Thomas Bonney
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:John Phillips
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Daniel Sharpe
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Edward Forbes
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Charles Lyell
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:Adam Sedgwick
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:William Blake
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:Simon Newcomb
1985:
1981:
1980:George Salmon
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1924:Arthur Cayley
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:Louis Pasteur
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1772:Adam Sedgwick
1769:
1765:
1764:Thomas Graham
1761:
1757:
1756:Louis Agassiz
1753:
1749:
1748:Robert Bunsen
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:Charles Lyell
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:Léon Foucault
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1614:Obituary in:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1577:0-226-74411-6
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1516:1-84413-314-1
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1335:Chisholm 1911
1331:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1291:
1275:
1269:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1071:, p. 310
1070:
1069:Sedgwick 1830
1065:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1012:
993:
987:
980:
974:
967:
961:
945:
941:
935:
928:
923:
921:
912:
908:
902:
900:
898:
889:
888:
880:
871:
862:
856:
852:
849:
844:
840:
833:
831:
827:
825:
821:
815:
811:
809:
805:
801:
795:
793:
792:Sedgwick Club
785:
781:
776:
767:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
734:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
716:utterly false
712:
700:
699:
698:
696:
684:
679:
678:
677:
675:
671:
670:
665:
663:
658:
654:
650:
648:
644:
638:
636:
632:
628:
627:
621:
620:
615:
611:
602:
598:
596:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
557:
555:
549:
547:
543:
541:
536:
535:Charles Lyell
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
499:
498:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:
480:
476:
472:
465:Adam Sedgwick
463:
454:
452:
448:
444:
443:Royal Society
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
401:
396:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
336:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
270:
240:
239:Adam Sedgwick
231:
226:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
83:
79:
74:
70:
65:22 March 1785
57:
53:
46:
41:
37:Adam Sedgwick
34:
29:
26:
22:
2650:Peter Styles
2633:21st century
2584:Janet Watson
2509:William King
2494:Cecil Tilley
2439:John Gregory
2369:Jethro Teall
2362:20th century
2177:
2168:John Bostock
2153:Earl Compton
2121:19th century
1771:
1676:Richard Owen
1622:
1567:
1553:, retrieved
1528:
1506:
1483:
1465:
1459:
1456:Isaac Asimov
1449:
1440:
1422:
1405:
1376:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:
1305:
1296:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1246:
1238:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1196:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1083:
1076:
1064:
1055:
1047:
1039:Herbert 1991
1034:
1025:
1011:
999:. Retrieved
986:
978:
973:
965:
960:
948:. Retrieved
944:the original
934:
910:
886:
879:
870:
861:
843:
828:
820:River Clough
816:
812:
796:
789:
740:
720:
715:
713:
709:
692:
673:
667:
661:
651:
646:
642:
639:
634:
630:
624:
617:
614:evolutionism
607:
592:
585:Dean of York
574:
569:
558:
550:
538:
515:Noah's flood
508:
483:
468:
423:metamorphism
420:
413:
397:
372:Thomas Jones
361:
342:
334:
328:by means of
319:
238:
237:
213:Joseph Jukes
187:Thomas Jones
173:Institutions
156:
149:Copley Medal
86:(1873-01-27)
33:The Reverend
25:
2686:1873 deaths
2681:1785 births
2624:Robin Cocks
2504:George Lees
2348:Henry Hicks
1940:Carl Ludwig
1665:(1851–1900)
1419:T.M. Hughes
1258:1 September
1041:, pp.
1016:Browne 1995
1001:9 September
950:12 February
927:Bonney 1889
786:, Cambridge
757:during the
579:meeting at
554:immortality
479:evangelical
376:John Dawson
366:) from the
295:rock strata
191:John Dawson
100:Nationality
2675:Categories
2564:Percy Kent
2454:John Green
2429:John Evans
2293:John Evans
1555:24 January
1415:J.W. Clark
1389:References
1357:9 December
1223:24 January
981:. Chicago.
824:Dent Fault
749:database,
689:induction?
664:expedition
566:Henry Cole
427:concretion
61:1785-03-22
2379:John Marr
1545:143748414
1320:31 August
1139:146768279
1131:0073-2753
594:The Times
349:Yorkshire
275:geologist
223:Signature
130:evolution
94:, England
92:Cambridge
75:, England
73:Yorkshire
1566:(2000),
1549:archived
1505:(1995),
1429:, 2010.
851:Archived
674:Vestiges
647:Vestiges
635:Vestiges
631:Vestiges
527:Humboldt
435:jointing
400:Cambrian
364:Wrangler
317:period.
315:Devonian
307:Silurian
299:Cambrian
283:Cambrian
279:Anglican
123:Cambrian
1598:at the
1482:(ed.).
1280:12 June
1043:170–174
782:in the
743:Jamaica
531:Prévost
289:of the
167:Geology
103:British
2070:(1900)
2062:(1899)
2054:(1898)
2046:(1897)
2038:(1896)
2030:(1895)
2022:(1894)
2014:(1893)
2006:(1892)
1998:(1891)
1990:(1890)
1982:(1889)
1974:(1888)
1966:(1887)
1958:(1886)
1950:(1885)
1942:(1884)
1934:(1883)
1926:(1882)
1918:(1881)
1910:(1880)
1902:(1879)
1894:(1878)
1886:(1877)
1878:(1876)
1870:(1875)
1862:(1874)
1854:(1873)
1846:(1872)
1838:(1871)
1830:(1870)
1822:(1869)
1814:(1868)
1806:(1867)
1798:(1866)
1790:(1865)
1782:(1864)
1774:(1863)
1766:(1862)
1758:(1861)
1750:(1860)
1742:(1859)
1734:(1858)
1726:(1857)
1718:(1856)
1710:(1855)
1702:(1854)
1694:(1853)
1686:(1852)
1678:(1851)
1574:
1543:
1513:
1433:
1137:
1129:
770:Legacy
704:
662:Beagle
503:
437:, and
380:Fellow
163:Fields
151:(1863)
146:(1833)
140:Awards
1541:S2CID
1478:. In
1135:S2CID
1107:(PDF)
1091:-153.
995:(PDF)
836:Notes
686:'
657:Wales
608:When
521:with
126:rocks
1572:ISBN
1557:2009
1511:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1417:and
1359:2021
1322:2020
1282:2020
1260:2016
1225:2009
1127:ISSN
1003:2016
952:2018
790:The
763:Whig
729:and
581:York
469:The
425:and
386:and
374:and
355:and
345:Dent
285:and
277:and
132:and
81:Died
69:Dent
55:Born
1533:doi
1352:KGG
1119:doi
1089:148
706:...
697:as
505:...
477:or
382:of
2677::
1621:.
1547:,
1539:,
1527:,
1458:,
1421:,
1404:.
1375:.
1350:.
1313:.
1204:^
1182:,
1133:.
1125:.
1115:45
1113:.
1109:.
1054:.
1045:,
1024:.
919:^
909:.
896:^
826:.
725:,
629:.
496::
453:.
433:,
359:.
347:,
332:.
257:dʒ
71:,
2104:e
2097:t
2090:v
1655:e
1648:t
1641:v
1535::
1444:,
1437:)
1381:.
1361:.
1324:.
1284:.
1262:.
1227:.
1141:.
1121::
1005:.
954:.
929:.
542:,
269:/
266:k
263:ɪ
260:w
254:ɛ
251:s
248:ˈ
245:/
241:(
63:)
59:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg){kind=small}